blow up

源自中古英語 blow up、blowe up，异化自早期形式中古英語 upblowen（→英語 upblow），等价于blow + up。对比西弗里斯蘭語 opblaze (“胀起，充气”)、荷蘭語 opblazen (“胀起，充气”)、德語 aufblähen以及aufblasen (“胀起，充气”)、瑞典語 blåsa upp (“胀起，充气”)、冰島語 blása upp (“胀起，充气”)、哥特語 𐌿𐍆𐌱𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌰𐌽 (ufblēsan，“胀起，充气”)。

blows up (third-person singular present)
blowing up (present participle)
blew up (past)
blown up (past participle)

义项3、4和5内，宾语可出现于助词（up）前或后。若代词作宾语，则必须出现在助词前。

See if you can blow the bubbles up the staircase.

看看你能不能把泡泡吹上楼梯。

Why do cars in movies always blow up when they fall off a cliff?

为什么电影里的汽车老是在飞下悬崖前就爆炸了。

In dense fog at about 10.25 p.m. on the night of October 25, two tank barges carrying petroleum [...] missed the entrance to the docks at Sharpness and were carried up the River Severn by the incoming tide. They collided with one of the piers of the Severn Bridge, carrying the Berkeley Road-Lydney branch of the Western Region, and as a result of the collision both tankers blew up.

1961 January，“Talking of Trains: The Severn Bridge disaster”, in Trains Illustrated，頁s 3, 5:

使...爆炸，爆破，炸毁，炸残，炸死

We had to blow up the bridge before the enemy army arrived.

我们不得不在敌军到来前把桥炸毁。

More civilians than soldiers have been blown up by anti-personnel mines.

被杀伤地雷炸死的平民比士兵还多。

Temporary bridges are now common in Moravia and Slovakia as so many permanent structures were blown up during the last phase of the war.

1947 January and February，Gerald Druce (Jun.)，“A Journey on the "Slovak Arrow"”, in Railway Magazine，頁 16:

"But we wanted to be more ambitious. We had established contacts with the Ukrainian railways, and they had all sorts of needs. Bridges blown up by the Russians, but also bridges blown up by themselves in tactical battlefield operations."

2023年May17日，Paul Clifton，“Building bridges to Ukraine...”, in RAIL，期 983，頁 31:

For the school science project, each student will blow up a balloon and then tie it closed.

学校的科学课题里，每名学生需要给一个气球充气然后把它绑紧。

Blow up the picture to get a better look at their faces.

把图片放大好看清他们的脸。

So I wish you luck, but don't come crying to me when it blows up in your face.

2002，Joan Barfoot，Critical injuries，頁 118:

This album is about to blow up; they’re being promoted on MTV.

这专辑要爆火了，MTV台在介绍它。

You know you blew up when the women rush your stands
And try to touch your hands like some screaming Usher fans […]

Dad blew up at me when I told him I was pregnant.

我告诉爸我怀孕了以后，他突然对我大发雷霆。

使...骄傲，使...沾沾自喜，使...得意忘形

to blow someone up with flattery

blown up with high conceits engendering pride

1667，John Milton，“Book 4”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

to blow up a contention

[…] did not choose to comply with her wishes. Upon which Mrs. Basset, in the language of the Old Bailey, nabbed the rust; insisted upon some liquor, would not quit the house without it, and began to blow up the hostess and blast the rose.

用大量短信或电话轰炸，用大量短信或电话骚扰

I am the man
 So I’m sitting in the VIP
with my mains
We twisted up some Crip
but I am ready to dip
to the telly with my relly
cuz these fuckin git up chicks keep blowin up my celly.

aːm ðə meɪ̯n
soʊ̯ aːm sɪtɪn ɪn ðə vɪp
wɪθ maː meɪ̯ns
wiː twɪstəd ʌp sʊm kɹɪp
bʌt aːm ɹɛdi tu dɪp
tʊ ðə tɛli wɪθ maː ɹɛli
kʌz ðiːz fʌkɪn gɪt ʌp t͡ʃɪks kiːp blowɪn ʌp maː sɛli

2007，“Fucc & Git Up”, in DZ 作詞, Sleepless City Livin，演出者 DZ ft. Gangsta Nutt，from 1:59:

Don't let them sabotage a possible good thing by blowing up your phone while you're in the middle of a hot date with nonsense like, “Jason keeps asking for a Popsicle before bed. Do you think it's okay that I give him one?”

2009，RM Johnson，Why Men Fear Marriage: The Surprising Truth Behind Why So Many Men Can't Commit, →ISBN:

Dad sure knew how to kill a mood. He had blown up my phone all day, ensuring that I didn't back out of our agreement.

2011，Jaime Reed，Living Violet, →ISBN，頁 67:

Not knowing the whereabouts of his daughter, Tavon blew up her phone without once getting a response.

2012，Chris Hicks，Ebony Chronicles of Elevation，卷 1, →ISBN，頁 181:

He has never officially said that we are in a relationship, but he blows up my phone night and day, always wanting to know where I am.

2013，Michelle McKinney Hammond，The Real Deal on Love and Men, →ISBN:

“Danny Cipriani is blowing up my phone saying: ‘I’m going to sue you’,” she said, shortly before announcing her willingness to go to prison over the issue.

2014年September11日，Alexis Petridis，引 Kelly Brook, “A freedom fighter for our time: Kelly Brook will not be silenced over Danny Cipriani”, in The Guardian:

They're blowing up our phones, asking where we are / Just say we're almost there; we ain't even in the car

Halfway home, and my pager's still blowin' up

1992，Ice Cube （作曲作詞）, “It Was A Good Day”, in The Predator:

（因排泄、放屁等）发出恶臭

Don't go in there...I really blew it up.

别进去，我刚拉完里面臭得不行。


starboard

源自中古英語 sterbord、stere-bourd、stere-burd，源自古英語 stēorbord，源自原始西日耳曼語 *steurubord，等价于steer + board (“船的一侧”)，指古时船只舵桨放在右侧（来方便右撇子船员），此时船只需要以左侧靠岸，否则会被右侧的舵桨挡住，这也是现在左侧被称为port的原因。

starboards (third-person singular present)
starboarding (present participle)
starboarded (past participle)

to starboard the helm


put out

puts out (third-person singular present)
putting out (present participle)
put out (past participle)

所有及物义项的宾语可在助词前也可在助词后。若为代词，则必须在助词前。

You can't have a pair of scissors! You'll put your eye out!

不能给你剪刀！你会戳到自己的眼睛的。

Don’t forget to put out the dog.

放出去，拿走 解雇，开除

Don’t forget to put out the dog.

I don't mean to put you out. It's just vital that I get this done tonight.

我希望你别生气，只是今晚前我得把这个做好。

England stumbled into the World Cup quarter-finals and almost certainly put Scotland out after an error-ridden victory at Eden Park.

2011年October1日，Tom Fordyce，“Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport:

Along about Tuesday Uncle Cal put out for San Antone on the last wagonload of wool.

The factory puts out 4000 units each day.

工厂每天生产4000个产品。

This unit puts out 4000 BTUs.

这个产品产热4000 BTU。

Lift with your knees. Don’t put out your back.

用膝盖使力气，别把你的背闪了。

Yet she must dye, else shee'l betray more men:
Put out the Light, and then put out the Light:
If I quench thee, thou flaming Minister,
I can againe thy former light restore,
Should I repent me. But once put out thy Light,
Thou cunning'st Patterne of excelling Nature,
I know not where is that Promethaean heate
That can thy Light re-Lume.

约1603–1604年，威廉·莎士比亚，“The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice [奥赛罗]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (第一对开本)，伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

They worked for days to put out the brushfire.

She put out her cigarette.

'You talk funny,' I said to him. 'I mean, the other wardens say, "Put that light out", but you shout, "Put out the light".'
'Shakespeare,' the warden said in a deep voice.

2010, Terry Deary, Put out the Light, p. 10:

Put out those lights before the Germans see them.

把灯熄了，不然德国人会看到的。

Don't them laundry queens put out good enough to suit you?

Christ, maybe that blond was only a bitch after all. Maybe she put out even to the punks. Come to think of it, she looked a little hard-boiled.

1934，James T. Farrell，章號 17, in The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan:

Aarfy […] tried to dissuade them from ever putting out for anyone but their husbands.

1961年November10日，Joseph Heller，Catch-22 […]，New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC:

If she won't put out the men will accuse her of being bourgeois and uptight.

1975，David Lodge，Changing Places: A Tale of Two Campuses，頁 232:

I can't afford to waste a Saturday night here with some married bird who isn't putting out.

2003，Elizabeth M. Noble，Reading Group，頁 205:

This Grosso dated this woman a couple of times, and then, when she wouldn't put out for him, he beat her up and forced her.


snoop

玩阴招，耍阴招，使诡计。


cosplay

源自日語 コスプレ (kosupure)，為 コスチュームプレイ (kosuchūmu purei) 的略詞。和製英語，源自英語 costume play。

cosplays (third-person singular present)
cosplaying (present participle)
cosplayed (past participle)

穿著、打扮成喜好之動漫、布袋戲等作品人物甚至於歷史等人物


deprecated

deprecate 的過去式和過去分詞


synchronize

源自古希臘語 συγχρονίζω (sunkhronízō)。

synchronizes (third-person singular present)
synchronizing (present participle)
synchronized (past participle)


camcorder

camcorders (third-person singular present)
camcordering (present participle)
camcordered (past participle)

/ˈkæmˌkɔɹdɚ/


DMCA

DMCAs (third-person singular present)
DMCAing (present participle)
DMCAed (past participle)

以數位千禧年著作權法為依據發出通知，以便刪除侵權的材料

The record label DMCAed several Web sites that were hosting copyrighted song lyrics.

唱片公司向幾個刊載受版權保護歌詞的網站發送了侵權通知。


figure out

figures out (third-person singular present)
figuring out (present participle)
figured out (past participle)


ring in

rings in (third-person singular present)
ringing in (present participle)
rang in (past)
rung in (past participle)

John has just rung in sick. He won't be back til Monday, he says.

John刚打电话来，说他生病了，周一之前回不来。

We will ring in the New Year at a ski resort.

我们准备在一个滑雪场庆祝新年。


ring in

rings in (third-person singular present)
ringing in (present participle)
ringed in (past participle)

All the world was only the two Copleigh girls, Saumarez and I, ringed in with the lightning and the dark; and the guidance of this misguided world seemed to lie in my hands.

He was ringed in on all sides by a solid circle of gleaming red sparks that shone from the grass. Held back by their fear, the graveyard rats surrounded him, squealing their hate.


ROFL

ROFLs (third-person singular present)
ROFLing (present participle)
ROFLed (past participle)

/ɑɹˌoʊˌɛfˈɛl/

roll on the floor, laughing之首字母縮略詞：笑死，笑得打滚

IF YOU PLAYED Boiling Point and didn’t find yourself outwardly ROFLing at the absurd number of bugs the game was drowning in, then maybe you saw the potential Deep Shadows’ free-roaming Columbian RPG had hidden in its floating-puma infested jungles.

2007 October，Steve Hogarty，“White Gold”, in PC Zone，期 185，頁 30:

My REFs may be ROFLing⁷ while I’m definitely not. My RLFs will know the minute they see me or talk to me on the phone that I need cheering up.

2008，Rhiannon Bury，引 Callie, “Remotely Embodied Friendships in Female Fan Communities”, in Remote Relationships in a Small World，Peter Lang, →ISBN, section 3 (Making Contact)，頁s 195 and 197:

It ends innocently – “Friends ROFLed and everybody at the party cheered at us. It was a cool night!” – but taken out of context with some of the questions above, it’s no surprise that parents are spooked.

2014年February19日，Stuart Dredge，“Talking Angela app: here’s what she’s really saying to your kids”, in 衛報，倫敦: 衛報媒體集團, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2014-02-19:

I’d be ROFLing if it weren’t so sad, so pathetic.

2015，“Julie Patch”, in Winesburg, Indiana: A Fork River Anthology，Indiana University Press, →ISBN，頁 23:


rub out

rubs out (third-person singular present)
rubbing out (present participle)
rubbed out (past participle)

两个及物义项中，宾语可出现在助词前面或后面。若宾语为代词，则必须出现在助词前。

The teacher wanted to rub out the chalk marks on the blackboard.

老师想把黑板上的粉笔笔迹擦掉。

It was just a week to the day since Mr. Martin had decided to rub out Mrs. Ulgine Barrows.


segue

借自意大利語 segue (“他/她/它跟随”) ，源自seguire (“跟随”)，源自拉丁語 sequor，原是乐谱中用来指示下一个动作或段落需要无缝衔接的词汇。与西班牙語 seguir同源。sue 的同源對似詞。与suit有关

segues (third-person singular present)
segueing (present participle)
segued (past participle)

transition

（流畅无缝地）转移到，衔接到（下一个状态）

在“转移话题”一意中，和non sequitur (“唐突转移”)不同，其在词源上完全相反（“跟随” vs. 不跟随”）。但是，segue暗指两个较远的主题，因此segue一般指改变较为唐突，但是还是很顺利。

（流畅无缝地）转移到，衔接到（下一个状态）

I can tell she’s going to segue from our conversation about school to the topic of marriage.

我察觉到她想快速地从我们关于学校的对话转移到婚姻话题上。

（流畅地从一个风格）转移到，切换到（另一个风格）

Beethoven’s symphonies effortlessly segue from one theme to the next.

贝多芬的交响乐轻松地从一个风格转移到了下一个。


slave

slaves (third-person singular present)
slaving (present participle)
slaved (past participle)


snarf

snarfs (third-person singular present)
snarfing (present participle)
snarfed (past participle)

He snarfed a whole bag of chips in a couple of minutes!

他几分钟时间就把一整袋薯片吃光了！

Freed from the usual inhibitions, we get home and I snarf down pasta salad right out of the Tupperware container […]

1999: Marya Hornbacker, Wasted: A Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia, page 239

"I'm not going to sit there while you two watch me snarf a whole pie by myself."

2000: Nancy Woodruff, Someone Else's Child, page 40

The old 40-horse models used to snarf up more fuel than today's 90-horse models.

2003: Allen D. Berrien, Powerboat Care and Repair: How to Keep Your Outboard, Sterndrive, Or Gas-Inboard Boat Alive and Well, page 41

以不当手段拿走，擅自拿走 （但不指盗窃）

Either write-through or write-back policy caches may snarf the data that the bus master is writing to memory.

1995: Tom Shanley, Don Anderson, ISA System Architecture, page 296

...in addition, the embedding enables the designer to snarf features from the underlying language […]

1996: Harold Abelson, Gerald Jay Sussman, Julie Sussman, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, page 399

Other future applications of the semantic snarfing idea might include classrooms, where students might snarf interesting pieces of content from the instructor's presentation; […]

2001: Brad A. Myers, Choon Hong Peck, Jeffrey Nicols, Dave Kong, and Robert Miller, Interacting at a Distance Using Semantic Snarfing, in Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Ubiquitous Computing, pages 305-314.

I snarfed the whole database into my program.

我把整个数据库全加载到我的程序里了。


tabulate

源自table + -ate，对比晚期拉丁語 tabulātus (“有地板的”)，tabulō (“给...安装木板”)的完成时被动分词 + -ātus（最终源自原始印歐語 *-eh₂tos (从名词构成形容词的后缀，表示拥有某物或某种特质)。tabulō派生自tabula (“木板”)，其词源不详。可能源自原始印歐語 *teh₂-（*steh₂- (“站”)的变体） + *-dʰlom（*-trom (构成表示工具的名词的后缀)的变体）。

tabulates (third-person singular present)
tabulating (present participle)
tabulated (past participle)

enroll

将...登记在官方记录内

Let it be required to Tabulate or lay down this Number 3496. Firſt, from among your Sets of Rods (or out of your Caſe) take four of them, of which let one of them have the Figure 3 at the top thereof, and lay it upon your Tabellet cloſe to the Edge thereof, […]

1700，William Leybourn，“Instrumental Arithmetick. The Third Part. Teaching, by a New Artifice (not heretofore Published, to My Knowledge, in any Language.) The Manner how to Set Down any Decimal Fraction Required: … by Certain Scales Contrived, Suitable to the Coins, Weights and Measures Now Used in England. And for the Extracting of the Square and Cube Roots. Also, by Nepair’s Bones …”, in Arithmetick, Vulgar, Decimal, Instrumental, Algebraical. In Four Parts，第7th版, London: Printed by J. Matthews, for Awnsham and John Churchill, at the Black-Swan in Pater-Noster-Row, →OCLC, section II (By Nepair’s Bones), subsection IV (How to Apply to Lay Down any Numbers by the Rods), proposition I (Any Number being Given, how to Tabulate or Lay Down the Same by Rods)，頁 265:

It [the School Department] gives advice and instruction concerning their duties to thirteen thousand school directors and controllers, furnishes them blanks, receives and tabulates their reports, reviews their accounts, judges whether they have kept their schools open according to law, and, if so, pays them the State appropriation for their respecive districts.

1872 January，“[Official Department. Thirty-eighth annual report.] Report of the President of the Agricultural College”, in The Pennsylvania School Journal: An Educational Magazine，卷 XX, 期 7, Lancaster, Pa.: Wylie & Griest, Inquirer Printing House and Bindery, →OCLC，頁 226:

The inevitable deduction from the figures tabulated must be that the material prosperity of the people as a whole is making good progress.

1903年March25日，G[opal] K[rishna] Gokhale，引 Edward FitzGerald Law, “Budget Speech, 1903”, in Speeches of the Honourable Mr. G. K. Gokhale, […]，Madras: G[anapathi] A[graharam] Natesan & Co., […], 出版於 [1908], →OCLC，頁 62:

In addition to the evident needs mentioned above there is also a desire to standardize and tabulate results. The same desire in other fields has given rise to intelligence tests, psychological examinations, etc.

1924 November，William Hulbert Barrow，“A General Athletic Ability Test”, in American Physical Education Review，卷 XXIX, 期 9 (number 201 overall), [Springfield, Mass.]: [American Physical Education Association], →OCLC，頁 506，列 1:

[Herman] Hollerith, a statistician for the United States government, was faced with the task of tabulating the figures of the 1890 census at a time when such tabulating would take more than ten years if done by hand. […] Faced with this prospect, Hollerith conceived the idea of representing the census data as holes on punched cards and of building machines that would sort these cards according to the holes they contained and that would tabulate and otherwise analyze the data.

1974，Allan B. Ellis，“Common Conceptions about Computers”, in The Use & Misuse of Computers in Education，New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Book Company, →ISBN, part I (What is a Computer?)，頁 15:

Mr. [Edward Drinker] Cope has examined a collection from the territory of Arizona and in the Colorado district; it contained 44 species. […] He tabulates them according to their range into the neighbouring provinces, and points out that, herpetologically, the Sonoran and Lower Californian provinces are nearly as distinct from each other as the Sonoran is from the Central, […]

1867，Albert Günther，“Reptilia”, in The Record of Zoological Literature. 1866，卷 III, London: John Van Voorst、Paternoster Row, →OCLC，頁s 121–122:

[John] Whethemstede's literary productions show his preference for encyclopedias in which he could tabulate under special headings the limits of his wide reading.

1941，R[oberto] Weiss，章號 II, in Humanism in England during the Fifteenth Century，Oxford: Basil Blackwell, →OCLC，頁 35:

You have to be an artist and a madman, […] in order to discern at once, by ineffable signs—the slightly feline outline of a cheekbone, the slenderness of a downy limb, and other indices which despair and shame and tears of tenderness forbid me to tabulate—the little deadly demon among the wholesome children; she stands unrecognized by them and unconscious herself of her fantastic power.

1955，Vladimir Nabokov，章號 5, in Lolita，Paris: Olympia Press, →OCLC; 再版 New York, N.Y.: Crest Giant, Fawcett World Library, 1959年December10日, →OCLC，頁 19:

将...登记在官方记录内

The order of Tabulating Summonds is now much alter'd, for no Summonds are Tabulated except Actions of Declarators, Improbations, Contraventions, and other Actions at the King's Advocats inſtance, […]

1687，George Mackenzie of Rosehaugh，“King James the Fifth, Parl. 5. [Act 52.]”, in Observations on the Acts of Parliament, …，Edinburgh: Printed by the heir of Andrew Anderson, printer to His Most Sacred Majesty, and are to be sold by Thomas Brown, and other book-sellers, →OCLC，頁 134:


tantamount

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 tant amount，源自amunter，源自tant (“如此”) amonter (“总计”)。

tantamounts (third-person singular present)
tantamounting (present participle)
tantamounted (past participle)

[…] and yet this will not tant’amount to an immediate Divine inſtitution for Deacons, and how can it then for Presbyters ?

a. 1657，Jeremy Taylor，“Of the Sacred Order and Offices of Episcopacy, By Divine Institution, Apostolical Tradition, and Catholick Practice”, in Συμβολον Ἠθικο-Πολεμικον: or a Collection of Polemical and Moral Discourses，R. Royston，頁 126:


transmute

transmutes (third-person singular present)
transmuting (present participle)
transmuted (past participle)


underbar

underbars (third-person singular present)
underbarring (present participle)
underbarred (past participle)


Xerox

Xeroxes (third-person singular present)
Xeroxing (present participle)
Xeroxed (past participle)

xerox的大小寫替代形式


spiel

借自德語 Spiel (“游戏”)和/或意第緒語 שפּיל (shpil)，两者均源自中古高地德語 spil，源自古高地德語 spil，源自原始西日耳曼語 *spil。与古英語 spilian (“玩”)同源。见speel。

spiels (third-person singular present)
spieling (present participle)
spieled (past participle)

For a second our eyes met and he gave me a contemptuous smile, then he spieled again.

1952，Ralph Ellison，Invisible Man，Penguin Books (2014)，頁 433:


stark

源自中古英語 starken，源自古英語 stearcian (“变硬，变僵硬”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *starkōną、*starkēną (“变硬，变僵硬”)，源自原始印歐語 *(s)terg- (“僵硬”)。与德語 erstarken (“固化，补强”)同源。

starks (third-person singular present)
starking (present participle)
starked (past participle)


stets

stet的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


gern

gerns (third-person singular present)
gerning (present participle)
gerned (past participle)

[He] gaped like a gulfe, when he did gerne, / That whether man or monster one could scarse discerne

1596，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book V, Canto XII”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 13:


hast

［旧，文］（have的第二人称单数简单现在时形）有。　现在用词：have。


trinket

古英語 trenket (“一种刀”)，因此可能指的是一种作装饰的刀，可能源自trenchier (“切”)的一个古法語方言形式。对比trench。

trinkets (third-person singular present)
trinketing (present participle)
trinketed (past participle)

On June 26 the party of sun and wind - weathered visitors from the heart of the Texas plains , dressed in their blankets and buckskins , befeathered and trinketed , arrived at the capital city's Globe Hotel and took up residence there

1991，Stan Hoig，Jesse Chisholm, Ambassador of the Plains:


wert

［古］be 第二人称单数简单过去时虚拟式形（thou wert）


artifice

artifices (third-person singular present)
artificing (present participle)
artificed (past participle)

The Creator has so cunningly endowed our bodies that there is no labor to be done, no skill in artificing or fashioning the metals, that is beyond our reach.

1867，Egbert Pomroy Watson，The Modern Practice of American Machinists and Engineers […] :

Some of the greatest artists of their day either furnished designs or with their own hands artificed ornaments for domestic use,

Splints and slings, already described, are easily artificed out of small saplings or from stiff bark.

1922，Appalachian Mountain Club，The A.M.C. White Mountain Guide: A Guide to Trails in the Mountains:


assassin

源自法語 assassin或意大利語 assassino，源自阿拉伯語 أَسَاسِيِّين (ʔasāsiyyīn，“忠诚于（宗教）组织者”)和（据民间词源说法）阿拉伯語 حَشَّاشِين (ḥaššāšīn，“哈希什吸食者；贱民”)。

assassins (third-person singular present)
assassining (present participle)
assassined (past participle)


averse

源自拉丁語 aversus，avertere (“背过身；避免”)的过去分词。

averses (third-person singular present)
aversing (present participle)
aversed (past participle)

[…] and, in this panegyrick of the Teutonick blood, I have so prolixly insisted, not only to vindicate our own, as being a stream of the same, and to evince the nobility thereof, but withal to convince the folly of those wretches among us, who aversing ours do so much adhere unto, and dote upon descents from France and Normandy.

The inconveniences aversing from clandestine marriages are pointedly depicted in the last two lines, teaching lessons of morality to all romantic babies.

1859，The Yale Literary Magazine，卷 24, 期 7，頁 302:


fuck

源自中古英語 *fukken，可能源自日耳曼語族：源自古英語 *fuccian或古諾爾斯語 *fukka，两者均源自原始日耳曼語 *fukkōną，源自原始印歐語 *pewǵ- (“击，打，刺”)。对比windfucker及其有争议的词源。
可能在772年时可考于一提到了一处地名Fuccerham的章程内，其可能意为“肏者之家”或“肏者之牧场”；1278年时出现于某记录中的“John le Fucker”可能不过为“Fulcher”的变体，类似“Fucher”、“Foker”等形式。在英语的所有发展阶段中，本词最早明确使用于与性有关的语境内可能是英国柴郡的一个1310年12月8日的法庭文件内，其提到了一个叫做“Roger Fuckebythenavel”的男子（可能是半开玩笑，或者暗指其有淫乱行为）。本词1598年首次出现在词典内。 低地蘇格蘭語 fuk/fuck可考记录出现较早，可能进一步佐证了其源自北日耳曼/斯堪的纳维亚的词源理论。进入16世纪后，本词开始被频繁使用，接替了jape和sard并广泛取代了swive。
大量基于民间词源理论的逆构词，比如fornication under consent of the king和for unlawful carnal knowledge，均不实。
义项10源自相关词义feck。

fucks (third-person singular present)
fucking (present participle)
fucked (past participle)

bugger

屌，肏 （用于表达强烈的不满、鄙视。）

eff

屌，肏 （用于表达强烈的不满、鄙视。）

to hell with

屌，肏 （用于表达强烈的不满、鄙视。）

screw

屌，肏 （用于表达强烈的不满、鄙视。）

mess

使用于动词短语：fuck with (“乱玩；戏耍，戏弄”)。

toy

使用于动词短语：fuck with (“乱玩；戏耍，戏弄”)。

Fighting for peace is like fucking for virginity.

为了和平而打仗就像为了贞洁而打炮。

Would you fuck me? I'd fuck me. I'd fuck me hard. I'd fuck me so hard.

1991，Ted Tally，The Silence of the Lambs (motion picture), spoken by Jame "Buffalo Bill" Gumb (Ted Levine):

She wanted to fuck him more than she had ever wanted to fuck any man in her life.

2007，Lionel Shriver，The post-birthday world, →ISBN:

They're both New Yorkers coasting on their reputations, they've both had three marriages, neither of them can shut up when in front of a camera, and perhaps most importantly, they both want to fuck Ivanka, which-which is weird for Trump because Ivanka is in his family, and it's weird for Giuliani because she isn't.

2018年May6日，“Rudy Giuliani”, in 上周今夜秀，季数 5, 集数 10, 約翰·奧利佛 (actor), 經由 HBO:

幹，肏，插入 （使用阴茎，假阴茎插入某人身上的孔、腔或乳沟等）

She shoved them up and together, pushing into me, forcing my foot to fuck her tits harder and harder while gasping as if I was shoving it deep into her body...

2006，Rachel Kramer Bussel，Glamour Girls: Femme/Femme Erotica:

Her pussy had never taken this much cock in her entire life. […] Xander took the hint and began fucking her mouth with his fingers, moving both hands to the same rhythm while his cock gained even more speed and started moving the couch back a few inches with every push. […]

2019年September25日，April Lust，Outlaw in Black: A Dark Contemporary Bad Boy Motorcycle Club Romance，E-Book Publishing World Inc.:

We decided to switch things around and have him fuck me tonight.

我们决定互换一下，让他今晚插我。

fuck me in the ass, really fuck my ass

A skinny, boyish-looking guy getting fucked by a huge muscle man.

瘦得像小孩的男人被大块头肌肉男插入

I'm afraid they're gonna fuck you on this one.

我觉得他们在这件事上会让你没有好果子吃。

I got fucked at the used car lot.

屌，肏 （用于表达强烈的不满、鄙视。）

Fuck those jerks, and fuck their stupid rules!

去他妈的这帮王八蛋，他们都是什么傻逼规则！

Fuck the fuckin' Diaz Brothers, I bury those cockroaches!

1983年December9日，Scarface，spoken by Tony Montana (Al Pacino):

If he covered for a single motherfucker who's a kiddy-fucker, / fuck the motherfucker, he's as evil as the rapist.

I see you driving 'round town with the girl I love / and I'm like, "Fuck you!"

2010年August19日，“Fuck You”, 演出者 Cee Lo Green:

Goodman says he wants him to come in tomorrow and Moses is so afraid he's fucked up his chance again that he says yeah...

She knew something had fucked the plan when she grabbed the headset off the door.

Here we are a mile out to sea and you've fucked the motor.

2002，Peter Hawes，Royce, Royce, the people's choice:

The symbols, all warnings of impending doom, might well have read: “You have fucked the engine, you arsehole.

使用于动词短语：fuck with (“乱玩；戏耍，戏弄”)。

They couldn't hear a single note Ted was playing and the sound guy kept yelling at them to stop fucking with the levels so he could make adjustments.

2006，Kilian Betlach，This Feels Like A Riot Looks:

He fucked the dirty cloth out the window.

She fucked her mobile at his head in anger.

她生气地把手机砸到他头上。

The sergeant fucked me upside down.

It's true. For 6 weeks in 1996, Chex Cereal fucked.

2022，“Snack Video Games”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver:


hang back

hangs back (third-person singular present)
hanging back (present participle)
hung back (past participle)

Ayala’s mix-up with Dean Whitehead left Cameron Jerome advancing from the flank, probably expecting at least one opponent would come across to block off the shot. It never happened. The next defender, Ben Gibson, hung back, mistakenly thinking Jerome would look for a team-mate, and the goalkeeper, Dimitrios Konstantopoulos, also seemed to be caught in two minds.

2015年May25日，Daniel Taylor，“Norwich reach Premier League after early blitz sees off Middlesbrough”, in The Guardian (London):


smolder

〈不及〉（无明火地）阴燃，闷燃

〈不及〉〈引，书〉（感情）郁积，压在心头


smoulder

〈不及〉（无明火地）阴燃，闷燃

〈不及〉〈引，书〉（感情）郁积，压在心头


swelt

swelts (third-person singular present)
swelting (present participle)
swelted (past)
swolt (past)
swelted (past participle)
swolten (past participle)

〈旧，方〉屈服于感情、高温等；晕倒，感到热得难受


subjugate

:< 拉丁语 subjugatus——subjugare（上轭，征服）的过去分词，构自 sub（在…之下）与 jugum（轭）。见 yoke。

subjugates (third-person singular present)
subjugating (present participle)
subjugated (past participle)

〈多被动〉〈正式〉征服；制伏；使屈服；使服从


shit

:< 古英语 scītan < 原始日耳曼语 *skit- < 原始印欧语 *skheid-（分，割）。 与荷兰语 schijten、德语 scheißen 和瑞典语 skita 同源。

shits (third-person singular present)
shitting (present participle)
shat (past)
shitted (past)
(美國) shit (past)
shat (past participle)
shitted (past participle)
(美國) shit (past participle)
shitten (past participle)

〈及物／粗／俗〉从肛门排出

〈及物／粗／俗〉骗，想骗

〈及物／粗／俗，澳〉烦，给…添烦


separate

:< 拉丁语 separatus——separare 的被动完成分词 < sepire, saepire（围）。


sabre

源自法語 sabre。
* 源自德語 Säbel。
** 最初源自匈牙利語 szablya ，意为“刀具”，及 szabni ，意为“切割”。
同源词有：
* 丹麥語： sabel
* 西班牙語： sable
* 葡萄牙語： sabre
* 俄語： сабля
* 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語： сабља

sabres (third-person singular present)
sabring (present participle)
sabred (past participle)


satisfied

satisfy的过去式和过去分词


scoff

cot–caught 合併，北方大城市元音移位

（英式/俗）贪婪地吃；狼吞虎咽


open up

opens up (third-person singular present)
opening up (present participle)
opened up (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-open up.wav

Some vacancies have opened up due to retirements.

因为有人退休所以出现了一些职位空缺。

Open up the door!

The executive pay gap is opening up again.

高管薪水差异又开始出现了。

Wilshire then opened up Everton's defence, but Van Persie lifted his finish over the onrushing Howard and also over the bar.

2011年February1日，Phil McNulty，“Arsenal 2 - 1 Everton”, in BBC:

The corridor gradually opened up into a triangular room.

走道逐渐扩大成一个三角形的房间。

After three hours of questioning, he finally opened up.

盘问了三个小时后，他终于开口了。

As the convoy entered the pass, we opened up on them with everything we had.

运输队通过关卡时，我们将所有火力倾泻而下。

The sky has really opened up. I've never seen this much rain!

天真是裂开了一样。我从来没见过那么大的雨！

The pigeon is moving as before with unhurried haste. [...] But it must be all out. If it wasn't, then it would open up and get away from that shadow of death behind it.

1934，Henry G. Lamond，An Aviary on the Plains，Sydney: Angus and Robertson，頁 211:

cheat out (“不自然地过度面向观众”)之同義詞

In stage acting, we are frequently asked to cheat out to the audience by opening up our body positions so that we are something halfway between facing them and our partner.

2015，Robert Barton，Acting: Onstage and Off，頁 184:


outlead

在领导方面占优，更能领导


outperform

（效益、效果上）超过，胜过


aggrieved

aggrieve的过去式和过去分词


aggrieve

:< 中古英语 agreven < 古法语 agrever——a（拉丁语 ad） + grever（担负，伤害） < 拉丁语 gravare < 拉丁语 gravis（重）。 对比 grieve 和 aggravate。

aggrieves (third-person singular present)
aggrieving (present participle)
aggrieved (past participle)


trill

（连续）发颤音，发短促的响声

（舌抵上腭）用颤音发声，发颤音


halal

阿拉伯语 حَلَال (ḥalāl)


abolish

来自晚期中古英語 abolisshen，来自中古法語 abolir，aboliss-（引申词干），来自拉丁語 abolēre (“阻碍，减缓，〈引〉破壞，廢除”)，表始動詞abolēscere (“枯萎，消失，（古典）停止”)，可能来自ab (“自，離，遠離”) + *olēre (“增加，增長”)，后者只见于复合词。

abolishes (third-person singular present)
abolishing (present participle)
abolished (past participle)
abolisht (past participle)

Slavery was abolished in the nineteenth century.

奴隸制在19世紀被廢除。

2002，William Schabas，The abolition of the death penalty in international law，Cambridge University Press, title:


accursed

* 首次可考于13世纪初
* 源自中古英語 acursed，源自acursen (“诅咒”)，源自古英語 ācursian，源自ā + cursen，源自curs (“诅咒”)。

accurse 的過去式和過去分詞


acquainted

acquaint 的過去式和過去分詞


straddle

作动词时，自16世纪60年代起可考。很可能是方言词striddle的变换形式。名词自17世纪10年代起可考。

straddles (third-person singular present)
straddling (present participle)
straddled (past participle)

As they approached the entrance of the port, the giant straddled clear across it, with a foot firmly planted on each headland,

The mountain-ringed Yukon Flats basin straddles the Arctic Circle and is bisected by the Yukon River.

在...上骑墙，在...上不表态

Wanting to please both sides, he straddled the issue.

为了让两边都高兴，他对这个问题没有做表态。

This weed straddles the entire garden.

这种杂草蔓延于整个花园。

Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks


make out

makes out (third-person singular present)
making out (present participle)
made out (past participle)

成功，应付，过，产生结果。


make love

makes love (third-person singular present)
making love (present participle)
made love (past participle)


fool around

fools around (third-person singular present)
fooling around (present participle)
fooled around (past participle)


go out

goes out (third-person singular present)
going out (present participle)
went out (past)
gone out (past participle)

离开，出去。（尤指离开建筑）

关上（灯），灭（火、灯）。

近义词：to date, to romance, to see someone

1978 Joe Jackson - Is She Really Going Out with Him?
#*: They've been going out since for 3 years now, but still live apart.　他们约会三年了，可还没住在一起。


twitter

twitters (third-person singular present)
twittering (present participle)
twittered (past participle)

（鸟）唧啾，吱喳，啁啾。

使用推特分享新闻与消息。


teen

:< 古英語 teónian、tnan （“中伤，使烦恼”）。见词源（二）。

teens (third-person singular present)
teening (present participle)
teened (past participle)


misunderestimate

misunderstand + underestimate 組成的混成詞。 最早见于1897年，但一般多认为是由美国总统小布什所创造。

misunderestimates (third-person singular present)
misunderestimating (present participle)
misunderestimated (past participle)


refudiate

repudiate + refute + refuse 組成的混成詞。美国女政客莎拉·佩林的著名口误。

refudiates (third-person singular present)
refudiating (present participle)
refudiated (past participle)


dis

:disrespect 的缩写（多为美国黑人英语）。

disses (third-person singular present)
dissing (present participle)
dissed (past participle)

看不起，作践，不尊重，不尊敬，无礼，轻蔑，不敬，不确定


vapour

vapours (third-person singular present)
vapouring (present participle)
vapoured (past participle)


stunt

:< 方言 stunt （“固执”） < 中古英語 stont、stunt （“短的”） < 古英語 stunt （“愚蠢的，简单的”） < 原始日耳曼语 *stuntaz （“短的，紧凑的，愚蠢的”）。 同源词有：中古高地德語 stunz （“短的”）、古諾爾斯語 stuttr （“矮的”）。 与英语 古英語 styntan （“使迟钝，压制”）同源。 另见 stint。

stunts (third-person singular present)
stunting (present participle)
stunted (past participle)

阻碍生长，妨碍发展，遏制

做秀，卖弄，故作姿态，装样子


turn out

turns out (third-person singular present)
turning out (present participle)
turned out (past participle)

…地发展（或发生），结果…

到场，参加，出席（某项活动）

（(as) it turns out）结果是…，原来是，证明是


yblent

blend 的過去時分詞


sermon

源自中古英語 sermonen，源自古法語 sermoner，源自sermon（参见上文）。

sermons (third-person singular present)
sermoning (present participle)
sermoned (past participle)

To some I know this methode will seem displeasaunt, which had rather have good discipline delivered plainly in way of precepts, or sermoned at large, as they use, then thus clowdily enwrapped in allegorical devises

January 23 1583, Edmund Spenser, letter to Walter Raleigh


flustered

fluster 的過去式和過去分詞


sweat

源自中古英語 sweten，源自古英語 swǣtan，源自原始日耳曼語 *swaitijaną (“出汗”)。 对比荷蘭語 zweten、德語 schwitzen、丹麥語 svede。shvitz 的同源對似詞。

sweats (third-person singular present)
sweating (present participle)
sweated (past participle)
sweat (past participle)

使...经皮肤排出液体：

His physicians attempted to sweat him by most powerful sudorifics.

内科医生尝试用最强效的发汗药让他出汗。

I've been sweating over my essay all day.

我今天一整天都在忙我的论文。

to sweat a spendthrift

压榨花钱大手大脚的人身上

to sweat labourers

担心，担忧 （自20世纪起）

There are few matters studio executives sweat more than maintaining their franchises.
没有什么比维护自己的系列更让制片公司的经理担心的事了。

2010, Brooks Barnes, "Studios battle to save Narnia", The New York Times, 5 Dec 2010:

to sweat blood

The cheese will start sweating if you don't refrigerate it.

不把奶酪放冰箱的话它就会出水。

Stop sweatin' me!

But I'ma smoke 'em now and not next time / Smoke any motherfucker that sweats me

用少油文火慢煮（来蒸掉水分）

Sweating is a generally a quiet operation; if the food is whispering, or worse, hissing, the moisture is probably evaporating too rapidly

2002，Judy Rodgers，The Zuni Cafe Cookbook:

Sweat the carrots, onion, celery, leeks, and cabbage in the butter until translucent not allowing them to color in any way.

2007，Patty Elsberry, Matt Bolus，Simply Vanilla: Recipes for Everyday Use，頁 93:

Reduce heat to low, cover pan, and gently sweat the celery for ten minutes, taking care not to brown it

2009，Bill Neal，Bill Neal's Southern Cooking，頁 11:

Sweat the onions and garlic in the oil, stirring occasionally, until they are completely soft (no crunch) but not caramelized.

将（硬币）和其他硬币在一个袋子里摇晃来划掉一部分金属

The only use of it [money] which is interdicted is to put it in circulation again after having diminished its weight by sweating, or otherwise, because the quantity of metal contains is no longer consistent with its impression.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1879, Richard Cobden, On the Probable Fall in the Value of Gold (originally by Michel Chevalier)


staunch

源自中古英語 staunchen、staunche (“止血，止泻或阻止其他体液流出；缓解，缓和；安抚，满足；治疗；克服；结束，结果；抑制；（指河流或水流）停止流动；（指水，风，某种天气）平静下来；熄灭，扑灭”) [以及其他形式]，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 estauncher、estaunchier、estanger、古法語 estancher、estanchier (动词) [以及其他形式]。详见词源1以及stanch。

staunches (third-person singular present)
staunching (present participle)
staunched (past participle)

比起staunch，stanch更常用来作动词的拼写，特别是在美国，而staunch更常作形容词的拼写，此时stanch已古旧。在严格的规范语法中，部分读者会认为反过来使用是错误的。

stanch的另一種拼寫法

[T]he iron head of a square cross-bow bolt disengaged itself from the wound, the bleeding was staunched, the wound was closed, and the dying man was, within the quarter of an hour, walking upon the ramparts, […]

1820，沃尔特·司各特，章號 VII, in 艾凡赫，卷 III, 爱丁堡: […] Archibald Constable and Co.；伦敦：Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC，頁 178:


skirmish

源自中古英語 skirmish (动词)，源自古法語 escarmouche (“小规模冲突”)，源自意大利語 scaramuccia，早期形式schermugio。escarmouche和Scaramouche 的同源對似詞。

skirmishes (third-person singular present)
skirmishing (present participle)
skirmished (past participle)

参与小规模冲突；参与打斗

Other historians might also remark that […] they have persisted all this time, constantly wrestling and skirmishing and yet never destroying themselves.

2019，Adrian Tchaikovsky，Children of Ruin，Macmillan，頁 376:


tryst

源自中古英語 tryst、trist，源自古法語 tristre (“等待地点，打猎时约定的地方”)，可能源自北日耳曼語支，比如古諾爾斯語 treysta (“保全”)，源自traust (“信任，安全，帮助，藏身处”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *traustą (“信任，避难所”)，源自原始印歐語 *deru-、*dreu-、*drū- (“确信”)。trust 的同源對似詞（亦参见）。

trysts (third-person singular present)
trysting (present participle)
trysted (past participle)

约定，安排（会议时间等）

He said he was jealous, and craved something to ease his care. 'It's but a small thing I ask,' says he, 'but it will make me a happy man, and nothing ever shall come atween us. Tryst wi' me for Beltane's E'en on the Sker sands, at the green link o' the burn where the sands begin, on the ebb o' the tide when midnight is by, but afore cockcrow. For,' said he, 'that was our forbears' tryst for true lovers, and wherefore no for you and me?'

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide


scowl

源自中古英語 scowlen、scoulen、skoulen（亦作中古英語 schoulen），可能源自。对比丹麥語 skule (“皱眉”)、挪威語 skule (“皱眉”)。

scowls (third-person singular present)
scowling (present participle)
scowled (past participle)

She scould, and frownd with froward countenaunce

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book II, Canto II”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 35:

to scowl a rival into submission

皱着眉头显现出，皱着眉头表示

to scowl defiance


solace

源自古法語 solas，源自拉丁語 sōlācium (“安慰”)，源自原始印歐語 *selh₂- (“恕，慰”)。

solaces (third-person singular present)
solacing (present participle)
solaced (past participle)


figures

figure的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式

it figures (“我就知道”)的缩略形式


affirm

来自中古英語 affirmen，affermen，来自古法語 afermer，affermer，来自拉丁語 affirmare，adfirmare，来自ad (“至，對，向”) + firmare (“使堅定”)，来自firmus (“堅定的”)。

affirms (third-person singular present)
affirming (present participle)
affirmed (past participle)


adjoin

来自盎格魯-諾曼語 adjoindre，来自拉丁語 adiungō。

adjoins (third-person singular present)
adjoining (present participle)
adjoined (past participle)

客廳和餐廳相互毗鄰。

The living room and dining room adjoin each other.

我們在起居區，毗鄰廚房。

We were in the living area, which adjoins the kitchen.


trickle

trickles (third-person singular present)
trickling (present participle)
trickled (past participle)

The doctor trickled some iodine on the wound.

医生在伤口上滴了一点碘。

Here the water just trickles along, but later it becomes a torrent.

现在水只是细细地在流，但后面它会变成很大的洪流。

The film was so bad that people trickled out of the cinema before its end.

这部电影太烂了，还没结束就已经有人慢慢地走掉了。

Her white night-dress was smeared with blood, and a thin stream trickled down the man's bare chest which was shown by his torn-open dress.

1897，Bram Stoker，章號 21, in Dracula，New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:

The period of intensive traffic is over by about 5.30 p.m. and for the rest of the evening steadily diminishes, the main activity being the Channel Islands boat trains which trickle in after about 6.30 p.m. and depart again for Weymouth an hour or so later.

1962 April，J. N. Faulkner，“Summer Saturday at Waterloo”, in Modern Railways，頁 265:

Their only shot of the first period was a long-range strike from top-scorer Ebanks-Blake which trickled tamely wide.

2010年December29日，Sam Sheringham，“Liverpool 0 - 1 Wolverhampton”, in BBC:


shimmer

源自中古英語 schimeren，源自古英語 sċymrian、sċimrian、sċimerian，源自原始日耳曼語 *skimarōną。同源词有荷蘭語 schemeren、德語 schimmern。

shimmers (third-person singular present)
shimmering (present participle)
shimmered (past participle)

twinkle

微弱地发光，断断续续地发光

sparkle

微弱地发光，断断续续地发光

glisten

微弱地发光，断断续续地发光

glimmer

微弱地发光，断断续续地发光

微弱地发光，断断续续地发光

With dusky shimmering wanny globe, her lampe doth pale appeare

1581, John Studley (translator), Medea, Act 4, in Seneca his Tenne Tragedies, London: Thomas Marsh, p. 135,

The shimmering glimpses of a stream

1850，Alfred Tennyson，The Princess: A Medley，第3rd版, London: Edward Moxon, Conclusion, p. 173:

I looked then and saw that his robes, which had seemed white, were not so, but were woven of all colours, and if he moved they shimmered and changed hue so that the eye was bewildered.

1954，J. R. R. Tolkien，The Fellowship of the Ring，New York: Ballantine Books, 出版於 1973, Book 2, Chapter 2, p. 339:

Pale tourists, tired but excited, emerge like apparitions from the heat haze that shimmers over the tarmac.

2018，Tsitsi Dangarembga，章號 22, in This Mournable Body，Minneapolis: Graywolf Press:


unfettered

unfetter 的過去式和過去分詞


scamper

1687年首次可考。词源不详，但可能源自荷蘭語 schamperen，其源自古法語 escamper，源自通俗拉丁語 *excampāre。

scampers (third-person singular present)
scampering (present participle)
scampered (past participle)

The dog scampered after the squirrel.

Three minutes later, Luka Modric scampered down the right, clipped a cross to the near post and Ronaldo’s clipped finish gave the remainder of the match an air of inevitability.

2017年June3日，Daniel Taylor，“Real Madrid win Champions League as Cristiano Ronaldo double defeats Juv”, in The Guardian (London):


scurry

scurries (third-person singular present)
scurrying (present participle)
scurried (past participle)

Shakespeare has gone back to the formula of last season, by encouraging his players to press high up the pitch and restoring Shinji Okazaki to the starting XI to scurry around between midfield and attack.

2017年March14日，Stuart James，“Leicester stun Sevilla to reach last eight after Kasper Schmeichel save”, in the Guardian:

Then the piglet tore loose from the creepers and scurried into the undergrowth.


spearhead

spearheads (third-person singular present)
spearheading (present participle)
spearheaded (past participle)

发起，倡导，领导 （一次项目，一次活动等）

He spearheaded the entire project from day one.

他从第一天就开始领导整个项目。

Newcastle have put themselves within touching distance after a fantastic run which has been spearheaded by the goals of Senegal striker Cisse.

2012年April21日，Jonathan Jurejko，“Newcastle 3-0 Stoke”, in BBC Sport:

George Monks spearheaded the project to solve this problem with a funicular, and work on the Lynton & Lynmouth Cliff Railway (L&LCR) began in 1887.

2021年January13日，Dr Joseph Brennan，“Spectacular funiculars”, in RAIL, issue 922，頁 53:


scram

可能是：
* scramble 的截斷形式，带尾音脱落，或
* 源自方言德語 schramm，schrammen (“抓，挠”)的单数命令式，源自中古高地德語 schramm、schramme (“擦，划”)，之后词源不详。

scrams (third-person singular present)
scramming (present participle)
scrammed (past participle)

匆忙离开；滚开 （自20世纪初叶）

What are you kids doing on my lawn? Scram!

你们这帮小孩在我家草地上干嘛？走开走开！

Maybe when he found that Chet's jalopy was gone, he felt he'd better scram, and forgot the coat and hat.

1927，Franklin W. Dixon [pseudonym; Leslie McFarlane]，“Rival Detectives”, in The Tower Treasure (The Hardy Boys; 1)，New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, 出版於 1987 (2006 printing), →ISBN:

The boy who was playing glowered at the intruder and growled. "Well, scram Kibitzer; scram."

1935，Harry Carr，“So This is Los Angeles”, in Los Angeles, City of Dreams，New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton-Century Company, →OCLC，頁 241:

"Come on!" barked Harry. "Scram!"

1935年February23日，J. Lane Linklater，“The Signal: A Short Short Story”, in Liberty，卷 12, 期 8, New York, N.Y.: Liberty Publishing, →OCLC，頁 35，列 2:

Jus' go on like we was gonna buck barley the rest of our lives, then all of a sudden some day we'll go get our pay an' scram outta here.

1937，John Steinbeck，Of Mice and Men，New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books, 出版於 1994, →ISBN:

"You scram out of here!" she admonished me fiercely. "Get out, or I'll scream so loud I'll wake the whole house up! You—you Peeping Tom!"

1943，Hans Natonek，“The Affair of the Semi-private Bathroom”, in Barthold Fles（譯者）, In Search of Myself，New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, part 2 (The Year before the Decision)，頁 89:

One day he packs in here with a new convertible, tells me he's moving out and scrams. Never give me a dime.

1950，Mickey Spillane，My Gun is Quick，New York, N.Y.: Signet, New American Library, 出版於 2014, →ISBN:

George was going to Haiti and he knew Lee would feel that the one man whgo took an interest in him was scramming out the door.

1988，Don DeLillo，Libra，New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books, 出版於 2006, →ISBN:

[T]wo vampires had picked up the guy who needed a new face, and they scrammed.

2005 July，MaryJanice Davidson，章號 28, in Undead and Unappreciated (Berkley Sensation)，第mass-market版, New York, N.Y.: Berkley Books, 出版於 December 2005, →ISBN，頁 225:


scram

不详，动词可能派生自词源 1。有人认为其为“safety control rod actuator mechanism”、“safety control rod axe man”、“safety control rods activation mechanism”之类的缩写，不过大概率是逆向字母补齐得来的。
名词可能派生自动词

scrams (third-person singular present)
scraming (present participle)
scramming (present participle)
scramed (past participle)
scrammed (past participle)

使...紧急停堆 （指核反应堆）； 使...紧急停止，紧急叫停

The NCR [Nuclear Regulatory Commission] further demands the plant conform to all the safety requirements put into effect during construction. This means constant re-design. There must also be several ways to scram (emergency shut down) the reactor. Some of these are automatic and some are manual.

1976 December，Randy Warsaw，“Fermi II – A Plant Tour”, in The Michigan Technic，卷 XCV, 期 3, [Ann Arbor, Mich.]: College of Engineering, University of Michigan, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 15:

Startup of reactor recirculating pump resulted in flux spike scraming plant.

1978，“Appendix II—Answers to Written Questions Posed to Nuclear Regulatory Commission before the Hearings”, in Nuclear Regulatory Commission Authorization Requests: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of Representatives, Ninety-fifth Congress, Second Session, on the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s Requests for an Increased Authorization for Fiscal Year 1978 and for a Fiscal Year 1979 Authorization of $330,000,000: […] (Serial No. 95-161)，Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC，頁 794:

The slightest problem in a reactor will cause the control rods to plunge automatically in the uranium core at high speeds (this is called scramming the reactor) and stop the chain reaction.

1983，Nuclear Power, Both Sides: The Best Arguments for and against the Most Controversial Technology，New York, N.Y.: W[illiam] W[arder] Norton, →ISBN，頁 22:

Both active and manual methods scram by tripping power to a dedicated pump that unbalances the flows to the^([sic]) passively scram the reactor.

2000，Ralph R. Fullwood，“Analyzing Nuclear Reactor Safety Systems”, in Probabilistic Safety Assessment in the Chemical and Nuclear Industries，Boston, Mass.: Butterworth-Heinemann, →ISBN, section 6.1.4.3 (ABB PIUS)，頁 218:

The reactor was then "scramed", but the control rods did not slide back into the reactor.

2007年June22日，Samuel Upton Newtan，“Nuclear Reactor Disasters: Part I: Stationary Reactors (Non-breeders)”, in Nuclear War I and Other Major Nuclear Disasters of the 20th Century，Bloomington, Ind., Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire: AuthorHouse, →ISBN，頁 113:

Raising group eight rods and brining a nuclear reactor fully to life for the first time in nearly ten years—everyone was so ready they were all ready to pee in their pants. Andrews did not know he could do it without SCRAMing the reactor—in other words, pushing it into an automatic shutdown that might be too little too late.

2012年December12日，D. Michael Battey，章號 35, in Tenacity Gene，Bloomington, Ind.: iUniverse, →ISBN，頁 174:

（指核反应堆） 紧急停堆； 紧急停止

This shut off current to the control rod mechanism, and the reactor scrammed (shut off) automatically.

1984，Charles Perrow，“Nuclear Power as a High-risk System”, in Normal Accidents: Living with High-risk Technologies，Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 出版於 1999, →ISBN，頁 44:

As soon as the earthquake struck, the reactors "scrammed"—shut down automatically—as they were supposed to.

2012，Daniel Yergin，“The Urgency of Fuel Choice”, in The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World，第revised版, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books, →ISBN, part 3 (The Electric Age)，頁 415:

Immediately after the earthquake, following government regulations, the remaining reactors, 1–3, automatically SCRAMed; control rods shut down sustained fission reactions.

2016，Nabil Abu el Ata，Rudolf Schmandt，“Understanding the Hidden Risk of Dynamic Complexity”, in The Tyranny of Uncertainty: A New Framework to Predict, Remediate and Monitor Risk，Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, part I (Once upon a Time)，頁 21:


scram

动词是英语方言词scramb (“用手拉起；从地上抓起；用指甲、爪子挠；猛地拉下；撕开；撕咬；从地上捡起的一抓东西”)的一个变体，可能与荷蘭語 schrammen (“擦，划”)和德語 schrammen (“抓”)有关，参见词源 1。
名词派生自动词。

scram [...] Verb. [...] 2. To scratch, with claws or fingernails. E.g. "It's my own fault the cat scrammed me, I was teasing it." [South Wales use]

[1996–2020，Ted Duckworth，“scram”, in A Dictionary of Slang，存檔自the original on 2013-08-30:

A woman has praised firefighters and her cat for saving her life following an alleged arson attack. Two-and-a-half-year-old tortoiseshell Taffy repeatedly bit owner Tracie Horgan-Hodgkiss on the hand until she woke up when her flat filled with acrid smoke in the early hours of this morning. [...] "I’d like to say thank you very much to the firefighters for coming to rescue me. And I am sorry that Taffy scrammed one of them!"

2013年December19日，Abby Bolter，“Firefighters Rescue Woman Trapped in Bridgend Flat following an Alleged Arson Attack”, in WalesOnline，存檔自the original on 2013-12-24:

（在已经开发过的矿道中）采零碎的矿石

Just west of this pit is another one, which has been nearly worked out; but three men are scramming about five tons per day in it.

1880，“Marquette Iron District”, in Annual Report of the Commissioner of Mineral Statistics of the State of Michigan, for 1879，Lansing, Mich.: W. S. George & Co., […], →OCLC，頁 167:

Recently, Capt. Oliver, [...] set a couple of experienced miners to work scramming in this underground pit, when it was soon discovered that what the former mining captain had conceived to be a regular foot-wall, was, in fact, a thin shale of rock, which hid from view what now appears to be a very large body of clean blue ore.

1882，A. P. Swineford，“The Cyclops Mine”, in Annual Review of the Iron Mining and Other Industries of the Upper Peninsula for the Year Ending Dec. 31, 1881，[Marquette, Mich.]: Mining Journal, →OCLC，頁 141:


scram

不及物，英國，方言，古舊

（指身体、躯体因寒冷或缺乏运动而） 麻痹，僵硬

The bean-setters can fully appreciate the nipping, biting keenness of the air, and avow frankly, in their own peculiar idiom, "that they be pretty nigh scrammed!"

1857，Frances Freeling Broderip，“Murder Will Out. An ‘Owre True Tale.’”, in Way-side Fancies，London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, part 2，頁 13:

（因伤病、意外而）变虚弱

"But they will be scrammed!^* the children will be scrammed, Mary, before morning," cried Jim, scratching his head with perplexity and distress at the very thought of two young creatures sleeping on the bare boards, in a cold garret with only a shawl to cover them. [Footnote *: Starved.]

[1867]，章號 I, in How Mary Edmonds Did What She Could; and What Came of it after Many Days，London: The Religious Tract Society, […], →OCLC，頁s 14–15:


tapestry

源自中古英語 tapiestre，源自古法語 tapisserie (“绣帷”)。

tapestries (third-person singular present)
tapestrying (present participle)
tapestried (past participle)

用绣帷或绣帷一般的饰品来装饰

We had run above twenty miles when the sun set, carpeting the sea, and tapestrying the sky with a rare unison of delicate green and golden hues […]

1833，Adolphus Slade，Records of Travels in Turkey, Greece, &c., "Captain Pasha's Alarm"，頁 152:

The banqueting-hall, all open to the sky, and with thick curtains of ivy tapestrying the walls, and grass and weeds growing on the arches that overpass it, is indescribably beautiful.

1854年September13日，Nathaniel Hawthorne，English Note-Books, "Conway Castle":

I present Bosnavina to its Duchess, I kiss the hem of her Majesty's robe and will tapestry her Palace with conquered flags.

1921，Israel Zangwill，The Cockpit: Romantic Drama in Three Acts，頁 255:


stench

源自中古英語 stench，源自古英語 stenċ (“恶臭，气味，香味”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *stankwiz (“气味，香味”)，源自原始印歐語 *stengʷ- (“推，冲”)。与荷蘭語 stank (“臭味，气味”)、德語 Stank、Gestank (“臭味，气味”)、丹麥語 stank (“臭味”)、瑞典語 stank (“臭味”)、冰島語 stækja (“臭味”)同源。

stenches (third-person singular present)
stenching (present participle)
stenched (past participle)

Dead bards stench every coast

(我們能否查找並添加Harvey引用過本詞的語句？)


cross-examine

cross-examines (third-person singular present)
cross-examining (present participle)
cross-examined (past participle)


be born yesterday

几乎仅用于否定，来表示自己不无知，不天真等。

I was not born yesterday, you know. I have done this before!

这还用你说。我之前做过！

"Do you think," he added, with an ironical grin, "that you'll go for to gammon me into that air! I'm hinnocent, I know, but I wasn't born yesterday exactly."

1840，Henry Cockton，章號 60, in The Life and Adventures of Valentine Vox, the Ventriloquist，頁 508:

"Say, do I look like I was born yesterday? See any green in my eye, Cactus Center?"

1915，William MacLeod Raine，章號 6, in Steve Yeager:

"Compared to me, you were born yesterday."

If you don't know important things about history, then it's as if you were born yesterday.

2005，Howard Zinn, Donaldo Pereira Macedo，Howard Zinn on Democratic Education，頁 69:


scam

美国庆典俚语。可能源自scamp (“诈骗犯”)或愛爾蘭語 cam (“扭曲的”)。也可能源自丹麥語 skam。
“scam”在美国联邦调查局于1980年初开展的ABSCAM行动后向公众普及，其为一场针对政府官员的缉捕圈套。

scams (third-person singular present)
scamming (present participle)
scammed (past participle)

They tried to scam her out of her savings.


agonized

agonize 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


jumbled

jumble 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


videoconference

videoconferences (third-person singular present)
videoconferencing (present participle)
videoconferenced (past participle)

我今天早上與客戶進行了視訊會議。

I videoconferenced with the client this morning.


translated

translate 的過去式和過去分詞


atrophy

借自法語 atrophie，源自拉丁語 atrophia，源自古希臘語 ἀτροφία (atrophía，“衰弱”)，源自ἄτροφος (átrophos，“营养不良的，饮食不足的”)，源自ἀ- (a-，“不”) + τροφή (trophḗ，“营养”)，源自τρέφω (tréphō，“使...变胖”)。等价于a- + -trophy。

atrophies (third-person singular present)
atrophying (present participle)
atrophied (past participle)

衰弱，枯萎，衰退 （自18世纪初叶）

Boy. I love summer vacation. I can feel my brain beginning to atrophy already.

1987年June13日，Bill Watterson，Calvin & Hobbes (comic):

The M10 highway looks normal enough at the southern limits of St. Petersburg, but then, with a jolt, it begins to atrophy. For the next 430 miles the surface of the highway, while paved, varies from corduroy to jaw-rattling patchwork.

2013年October13日，Ellen Barry，“The Russia Left Behind: A journey through a heartland on the slow road to ruin”, in The New York Times:

使...衰弱，弱化To cause to waste away or become abortive; to starve or weaken.

Cold silence has a tendency to atrophy any sense of compassion


snivel

古英語 *snyflan，还有记载作snyflung (“鼻涕，粘液”)，源自snofl，最终源自snout的词根。
与sniff、snuff有关。.

snivels (third-person singular present)
snivelling
sniveling
snivelled
sniveled

[…] a Hagg, a Fury by my side;

1611, Josuah Sylvester (translator), Du Bartas His Deuine Weekes and Workes, London, Book 4, Week 2, Day 4, p. 623,

[…] in severe frosty weather, snivelling and tears are produced by the coldness and dryness of the air.

1794, Erasmus Darwin, Zoonomia, London: J. Johnson, Volume 1, Section 16, Subsection 2, p. 149,

[…] he began to snivel, and wherever he tried to hide he was found out by the terrific explosions of his suppressed sneezes.

1937，J. R. R. Tolkien，章號 9, in The Hobbit，New York: Random House, 出版於 1982，頁 187:

啜泣，呜咽；哭哭啼啼，哭诉

Let things come to the Worst; when we have Overturned the Government;—Polluted the very Altar, with our MASTERS BLOOD—Cheated the Publick, &c. ’Tis but to Whine and Snivel to the People; tell them we were mis-led, by Cardinall Appetites;

1660，Roger L’Estrange，“No Fool to the Old Fool”, in A Short View of Some Remarkable Transactions，London: Henry Brome，頁 95:

[…] after a good deal of sniveling and sobbing, she owned, that so far from being an heiress of a great fortune, she was no other than a common woman of the town, who had decoyed me into matrimony […]

1748，Tobias Smollett，章號 61, in The Adventures of Roderick Random，卷 2, London: J. Osborn，頁 267:

I never snivel over trifles like that.

1868，Louisa May Alcott，章號 15, in Little Women:

ANNE: Aunt Sara’s in the garden, snivelling in a deck chair.
BASTON: What a hard child you are.
ANNE: It’s no good being mushy, is it? It’s the truth that matters. and she is snivelling.
BASTON: You could have said “crying.”
ANNE: But crying’s quite a different thing.

1957，Graham Greene，The Potting Shed，New York: Viking, act 1, scene 1，頁 17:

I, the Socman, am shorn of my lands that you may snivel Latin and eat bread for which you never did hand’s turn.

1891，Arthur Conan Doyle，章號 9, in The White Company:

‘Oh, hell! I’d snivel psalms to oblige the padre, but I can’t stick the way these damned native Christians come shoving into our church.’

1934 十月，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，“Chapter 2”, in Burmese Days，New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, →OCLC:


work the soil

works the soil (third-person singular present)
working the soil (present participle)
worked the soil (past participle)

犁土，農作物種植前之農地犁土整理。


windows

window的单数第三人称现在式。


dost

do的一般现在时第二人称单数形式。


get a grip

gets a grip (third-person singular present)
getting a grip (present participle)
got a grip (past)
got a grip
gotten a grip

But the bannock ran […] down the road to the next house, and in and snug by the fireside. The folk were just sitting down to their soup, and the goodwife scraping the pot. "Look," quoth she, "there's a wee bannock come in to warm itself at our fireside."
"Shut the door," quoth the goodman, "and we'll try to get a grip of it."
When the bannock heard that, it ran out of the house and they after it with their spoons, […]

1894，Joseph Jacobs，“More English Fairy Tales”, in The Wee Bannock，D. Nutt:

I attempted to get a grip in the snow with my frozen fingers, to stem myself with my heels, but with no success, […]

1898，Arnold Henry Savage Landor，In the Forbidden Land，Heinemann, Chapter XIII:

Thereupon the conger, taking the offensive, made a grab at him; it tried to seize him again […], but in both cases it failed to get a grip of the slippery skin, and the next minute the otter was at the surface.

1909，John Coulson Tregarthen，The Life Story of an Otter，John Murray, page 111:

Heber, using the argument which he felt would be of most avail, tried to frighten the man into soberness by picturing his wife's wrath; whereupon the adroit scamp replied that he knew what that would be, and had taken the precaution to have his hair cut short, so that she could not get a grip on it.

1912，Agnes Repplier，Americans and others，Houghton Mifflin Company, page 67:

"The Government needs to get a grip on the cost of electricity," she noted.

2022年February9日，Tom Allett，“Network News: Improved planning the key for advancing rail freight”, in RAIL，期 950，頁 28:

[…] the great antiquarian, Duald MacFirbis […], who was able to penetrate and get a grip of the long forgotten language of the ancient law tracts […]

1913，Douglas Hyde，“Eugene O'Curry”, in Catholic Encyclopedia，The Encyclopedia Press:

"Grogan, the truth is, I travel to keep away from New York. There I'm lost: too many friends. When I'm at sea I get away from it all and kind of get a grip on life again. You understand?"

1917，Harold MacGrath，The Luck of the Irish，Harper & Brothers, page 206:

"You're looking at the thing wrong end to. Get a grip on your facts first. […]"

1918，William MacLeod Raine，The Sheriff's Son，Houghton Mifflin Company, page 65:

He needs to get a grip if he's getting that angry over such a little thing.

如果他要为这么小的事生那么大的气的话，那他得冷静点了。

She made her innocent bow, and retired without a suspicion that she had been an embarrassment. Nothing would have happened, now, perhaps, if quiet could have been maintained for a few minutes, so that the people could get a grip upon themselves, but the strain overpowered my old maid partner and she exploded like a bomb; a general and unrestrained crash of laughter followed, of course, the happy tears flowed like brooks, and no one was sorry of the opportunity to laugh himself out and get the blessed relief that comes of that privilege in such circumstances.

1907，“Mark Twain's Fables of Man”, in Little Nelly Tells a Story Out of Her Own Head，University of California Press:

When I reached this stage of visual chaos I stopped for a moment to get a grip on myself. It would not do to let my nerves get the better of me at the very outset of what would surely be a trying experience, […]

1929，H.P. Lovecraft, Zealia Bishop，The Mound, Part VII:

Panic thoughts chased about in my brain. I attempted to get a grip upon myself.

1950，William Frederick Temple，The Triangle of Terror:

Fuck all you hoes.
Get a grip, motherfucker.

1994，片头起0:00, in Juicy (Hip Hop), spoken by The Notorious B.I.G.:


necro-bump

necro-bumps (third-person singular present)
necro-bumping (present participle)
necro-bumped (past participle)


stoke

源自中古英语 stoken ← 中古荷兰语 stoken (“刺，戳”) 或中古低地德语 stoken (“刺，戳”) ← 原始日耳曼语 *stukōną (“坚硬, 推”) ← 原始印欧语 *(s)teug- (“推, 击打”)。和中古高地德语 stoken (“刺，戳”), 新挪威语 stauka (“推, 刺”)同源。 另一派生出中古英语 stoken 的词源是古法语 estoquer, estochier (“刺, 击打”), 其来源是相同的日耳曼词源。另见 stock 。

stokes (third-person singular present)
stoking (present participle)
stoked (past participle)


stoke

stoker 的逆构词，源自荷兰语 stoker ← 荷兰语 stoken (“烧火, 煽动”) ← 中古荷兰语 stoken (“刺，戳”) ← stock (“刺”), 另见: tandenstoker 。最初的起源与词源①一致。


prepend

源自 pre-（在……之前） + (ap)pend（追加，在末尾附加），类比自 append（追加，在末尾附加）。

prepends (third-person singular present)
prepending (present participle)
prepended (past participle)

(计算机术语，及物动词) 在开头附加


prepend

(罕用，及物动词) 预先考虑


knock up

knocks up (third-person singular present)
knocking up (present participle)
knocked up (past participle)

（草草地）做出，拼凑出（参见knock together）（自16世纪）

I'll just knock up a quick demo for the sales presentation.

我准备给销售量报告会稍微做个很快的演示。

敲门吵醒，敲门叫醒； 叫醒，叫来； （在选举日）上门提醒...投票 （见knocker up）（自17世纪）

“Very sorry to knock you up, Watson,” said he, “but it's the common lot this morning. Mrs. Hudson has been knocked up, she retorted upon me, and I on you.”

1892，Arthur Conan Doyle，The Adventure of the Speckled Band, page 1:

‘I didn't knock you up when I came in,’ Peregrine said. ‘There seemed no point. It was getting light. I just thought I’d leave the note to wake me at seven. And oddly enough I did sleep. Heavily.’

1966，Ngaio Marsh，Death at the Dolphin，頁 160:

使...筋疲力竭，使...无法再继续 （自18世纪）

‘Now, mamma,’ he said, when he went out, ‘take notice, you are not to knock up your god-daughter with gossip,’ [...]

1835，Charlotte Brontë，章號 XVII, in Villette:

The day being exceedingly hot, the want of food had knocked up my followers […]

1861，John Petherick，Egypt, the Soudan and Central Africa，頁 389:

筋疲力竭；无法再继续下去 （自18世纪）

[…] the horses were beginning to knock up under the fatigue of such severe service […]

I met one of your dons at tea, and he said that your degree was not in the least a proof of your abilities: he said that you knocked up and got flurried in examinations.

1907, E.M. Forster, The Longest Journey, Part I, VII [Uniform ed., p. 87]:

使...怀孕（尤指婚外孕，参见knocked up） （自19世纪）

I guess his summer plans are shot now that he knocked his girlfriend up.

看来他把女朋友整怀孕了以后暑期计划要泡汤了。

“And how many other girls has he knocked up?” “Would you keep your voice down? Mom's home.” She pressed her hands to her head. “I just don't understand how you could ditch Rowan and get knocked up by Scott, like, right away.”

2015，Jaime Loren，Waiting for April，Pan, →ISBN:

练习来回击球（参见knock-up） （自19世纪）

Official Knock up: if the players knock up together a maximum of five minutes shall be permitted; if they knock up separately each player shall be permitted to knock up for a maximum of five minutes.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

The Tennis & Rackets Association - Tournament Rules

使...边缘整齐，装订成册

to knock up printed sheets


wings

wing的第三人称单数一般现在时形式。


syncretize

*来自古希腊语συγκρητίζω（sunkrêtizô，结合起来）

syncretizes (third-person singular present)
syncretizing (present participle)
syncretized (past participle)


rooms

音频 (美国发音，有 /u/)

room的第三人称单数一般现在时形式。


monkeys

monkey的单数第三人称现在式。


swans

swan的单数第三人称现在式。


snakes

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-snakes.wav

snake的单数第三人称现在式。


benches

bench的单数第三人称现在式。


surnames

surname的单数第三人称现在式。


speeches

speech的单数第三人称现在式。


kings

king的单数第三人称现在式。


roofs

roof的单数第三人称现在式。


combs

comb的单数第三人称现在式。


sketches

sketch的单数第三人称现在式。


tend

源自中古英語 tenden ← 古英語 tendan (“点燃，放火”)（通常出现在复合词 ātendan, fortendan, ontendan） ← 原始日耳曼語 *tandijaną (“点燃”)，最早来源未知。与丹麥語 tænde (“点燃”)，瑞典語 tända (“点燃”)，哥特語 𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (tandjan，“点燃”)，冰島語 tendra (“点燃”)，德語 zünden (“点燃”)同源。与tinder相关。

tends (third-person singular present)
tending (present participle)
tended (past participle)


tend

源自中古英語 *tenden ← 古法語 tendre (“伸出”) ← 拉丁語 tendere (“伸展，延伸”)。

义2为一连接动词，后接 to 不定式。

（后接 to 不定式）形容事情往往会发生；倾向于，往往会，常常就。（自14世纪中叶起使用）

They tend to go out on Saturdays.

It tends to snow here in winter.


tend

源自中古英語 tenden，为 attenden (“照顾”)的非重读字首省略形式。另见 attend。

（接 to）照顾，照料（如病人）。（自14世纪前叶起使用）

We need to tend to the garden, which has become a mess.

我们需要照料花园，花园已经变得一团糟了。

Shepherds tend their flocks.

（航海）在潮水转向时控制好锚泊船，以防止在摇摆时其缆绳发生缠绕。


girls

girl 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


break down

breaks down (third-person singular present)
breaking down (present participle)
broke down (past)
broken down (past participle)
broke down (past participle)


think through

thinks through (third-person singular present)
thinking through (present participle)
thought through (past participle)


zhoosh

zhooshes (third-person singular present)
zhooshing (present participle)
zhooshed (past participle)

zhoosh (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 zhooshes，現在分詞 zhooshing，一般過去時及過去分詞 zhooshed)本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


motorbikes

motorbike 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


howdy

"how d'ye do" (how do you do) 或 "how do you fare?"的省稱。

howdies (third-person singular present)
howdying (present participle)
howdied (past participle)

不正式地問候（尤指以"howdy"問候）


homed

home的过去式和过去分词。


stang

stangs (third-person singular present)
stanging (present participle)
stanged (past participle)


digs

dig 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


cast pearls before swine

源自《圣经》："Give not that which is holy unto the dogs, neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet, and turn again and rend you."

casts pearls before swine (third-person singular present)
casting pearls before swine (present participle)
cast pearls before swine (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-cast pearls before swine.ogg

好东西给了不识货的人；明珠暗投；白璧三献


rehab

rehabs (third-person singular present)
rehabbing (present participle)
rehabbed (past participle)


defeat the purpose

It would defeat the purpose of running a marathon for health if you got Rhabdomyolysis from it instead.

为了健身跑马拉松，万一搞得横纹肌溶解岂不是适得其反。


swipe

源自swip（短元音）< 中古英語 swippen, swipen (“暴力地移动”) < 古英語 swipian, sweopian, swippan (“祸害，摆，打，鞭挞”) < 原始日耳曼語 *swipōną, *swipjaną (“移动”) < 原始印歐語 *sweyb- (“弯曲，转向，转弯，摇摆，旋转，席卷”)。与德語 schwippen (“鞭打”), 丹麥語 svippe (“掌掴”), 冰島語 svipa (“鞭打；迅速移动”)同源。与sweep, swoop优化。

swipes (third-person singular present)
swiping (present participle)
swiped (past participle)

(及物) 通过滑过读卡器进行扫描或注册；扫

(不及物) 快速地抓或扫

(不及物，计算机用语) 快通过手指划动屏幕进行交互；滑，扫

(及物) 通过滑或扫的行为进行打击


haka

借自毛利語 haka，源自原始波利尼西亞語 *saka。與夏威夷語 haʻa (“舞蹈”), 曼加瑞瓦語 ʻaka (“（表演）戰舞”), 拉羅湯加語 ʻaka (“舞蹈”), 薩摩亞語 saʻa (“舞蹈”), 托克勞語 haka (“舞蹈”), 湯加語 haka (“唱歌時做的手部動作”)同源。

hakas (third-person singular present)
hakaing (present participle)
hakaed (past participle)


foresees

foresee 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


attune

attunes (third-person singular present)
attuning (present participle)
attuned (past participle)

调整以使被挑物更敏锐或反应更积极

The subject might be more attuned to their potentials after training.

训练后对象的潜能更有可能被调动。


sweat like a pig

sweats like a pig (third-person singular present)
sweating like a pig (present participle)
sweated like a pig (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-sweat like a pig.ogg


mic

mics (third-person singular present)
micing (present participle)
mic'ing (present participle)
miced (past participle)
mic'ed (past participle)


won

源自古英語 winnan。


won

wons (third-person singular present)
wonning (present participle)
wonned (past participle)

I long'd to leave this wand'ring pilgrimage, / And in my native soil again to won.

1600, Edward Fairfax, The Jerusalem Delivered of Tasso, XII, xxxiii:


unsplit

unsplits (third-person singular present)
unsplitting (present participle)
unsplit (past participle)

Like it or not, we are in a motor age and we can no more turn back the clock than we can unsplit the atom.

To unsplit the split, click on the View Menu buttons and choose Unsplit Left/Right (v6.2) or Unsplit Main (v6.3).

2012，Lee Lanier，Digital Compositing with Nuke:


cometh

(古舊) come的第三人稱單數簡單現在時形式


trivialize

trivializes (third-person singular present)
trivializing (present participle)
trivialized (past participle)


demeaned

demean的过去时和过去分词形式。


do a runner

does a runner (third-person singular present)
doing a runner (present participle)
did a runner (past)
done a runner (past participle)

（英式，非正式）（急急忙忙地）离开，溜走，跑路


vernissage

借自法語 vernissage，典故是以前的艺术家有习惯在展会开始前一天给他们的绘画作品上清漆。

/vɛːnɪˈsɑːʒ/

（展会向公众开放前邀请嘉宾前来提前）私下参观


patine

patines (third-person singular present)
patining (present participle)
patined (past participle)


nav

navs (third-person singular present)
navving (present participle)
navved (past participle)


morne

mornes (third-person singular present)
morning (present participle)
morned (past participle)


singes

singe的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


singed

singe 的過去式和過去分詞


winds

wind的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


constructed

construct 的過去式和過去分詞


spun

spin 的過去式和過去分詞


gelate

gelates (third-person singular present)
gelating (present participle)
gelated (past participle)


elucidated

elucidate 的過去式和過去分詞


schmooze

借自意第緒語 שמועס (shmues)，源自希伯來語 שְׁמוּעוֹת (sh'mu'ót)，שְׁמוּעָה (sh'mu'á，“报告，消息，流言”)的复数形式。

schmoozes (third-person singular present)
schmoozing (present participle)
schmoozed (past participle)

I wish he could do his job as well as he schmoozes with the boss.

我真希望他干活时能像他和老板吹牛时一样熟练。


eviscerate

源自拉丁語 ēviscerātus，ēviscerāre (“除去...的内脏”)的过去分词，源自e- (“出去”) + viscera (“肠子”)。

eviscerates (third-person singular present)
eviscerating (present participle)
eviscerated (past participle)

/ɪˈvɪsəˌɹeɪt/

摧毁，粉碎；使...徒劳，使...白费

移除，切除（脏器或其内容物）


rendre

rendres (third-person singular present)
rendring (present participle)
rendred (past participle)

render的古旧形式。


methought

methinks 的過去式和過去分詞

And then methought my dream changed, and two Great Giants with heading-axes came striding over the bed, […]

1862 February，George Augustus [Henry] Sala，“The Strange Adventures of Captain Dangerous; a Narrative in Plain English, […] Chapter the Fourth. My Grandmother Dies, and I am Left Alone, without So Much as a Name.”, in Temple Bar: A London Magazine for Town and Country Readers，卷 IV, London: Office of "Temple Bar," 122 Fleet Street; Ward and Lock, 158 Fleet Street; New York, N.Y.: Willmer and Rogers, →OCLC，頁 304:


sacrify

sacrifies (third-person singular present)
sacrifying (present participle)
sacrified (past participle)


remercies

remercy的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


tubes

tube的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


photoexcite

photoexcites (third-person singular present)
photoexciting (present participle)
photoexcited (past participle)


conjugated

conjugate 的過去式和過去分詞


resulted

result 的過去式和過去分詞


remembered

remember 的過去式和過去分詞


rerequest

rerequests (third-person singular present)
rerequesting (present participle)
rerequested (past participle)


urbanized

urbanize 的過去式和過去分詞


handled

handle 的過去式和過去分詞


denoted

denote 的過去式和過去分詞


detonated

detonate 的過去式和過去分詞


glued

glue 的過去式和過去分詞


published

publish 的過去式和過去分詞


focused

focus 的過去式和過去分詞


enlarged

/ɪnˈlɑːd͡ʒd/

/ɪnˈlɑɹd͡ʒd/

enlarge 的過去式和過去分詞


panicked

panic 的過去式和過去分詞


vlog

vlogs (third-person singular present)
vlogging (present participle)
vlogged (past participle)

發佈（內容）到視頻博客上


unplugged

unplug 的過去式和過去分詞


acknowledg

acknowledges (third-person singular present)
acknowledging (present participle)
acknowledged (past participle)


acknowelege

acknoweleges (third-person singular present)
acknoweleging (present participle)
acknoweleged (past participle)


adhære

adhæres (third-person singular present)
adhæring (present participle)
adhæred (past participle)

adhere的已棄用拼寫


looks up

look up的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


uplooks

uplook的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


look up

looks up (third-person singular present)
looking up (present participle)
looked up (past participle)

search

追踪或搜索（過去認識的人）

track down

追踪或搜索（過去認識的人）

Things started looking up after Jim moved back in with his parents.

吉姆搬回父母家後，情況開始好轉。

I didn't know what a mitochondrion was until I looked it up in a dictionary.

在查字典之前，我不知道線粒體是什麼。

追踪或搜索（過去認識的人）

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见look、up。

We stayed up late to look up at the stars.


get better

gets better (third-person singular present)
getting better (present participle)
got better (past)
got better
gotten better


get the better of

gets the better of (third-person singular present)
getting the better of (present participle)
got the better of (past)
got the better of
gotten the better of

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-get the better of.ogg

He got the better of him early in the match, but ended up losing.

他在比賽初期就取得了优势，但最終还是輸了。


get the best of

gets the best of (third-person singular present)
getting the best of (present participle)
got the best of (past)
got the best of
gotten the best of


dissimule

dissimules (third-person singular present)
dissimuling (present participle)
dissimuled (past participle)

(我們能否查找並添加Chaucer引用過本詞的語句？)


deserts

desert的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


cyclopropanate

cyclopropanates (third-person singular present)
cyclopropanating (present participle)
cyclopropanated (past participle)


feat.

尤用於音樂，表示共同演出。

At his peak, just how many music videos was Hype Williams directing? […] "California Love (Version 2: Mad Max)" by Tupac Shakur feat. Dr. Dre […] "If I Ruled The World (Imagine That)" by Nas feat. Lauryn Hill […]


drills

drill的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


drilled

drill 的過去式和過去分詞


junks

junk的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


roofed

roof 的過去式和過去分詞


votes

vote的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


voted

vote 的過去式和過去分詞


scotch

源自中古英語 scocchen (“剪切”)，可能源自盎格魯-諾曼語 escocher (“砍，切”)，源自es- (程度加强前缀)（源自拉丁語 ex-）+ 古法語 coche (“切”)。与Scotch无关。

scotches (third-person singular present)
scotching (present participle)
scotched (past participle)

We have scotched the snake, not killed it.

c. 1606 (date written)，William Shakespeare，“The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

The rain scotched his plans of going to the beach.

下雨让他去海滩的计划泡汤了。

The prime minister scotched rumors of his resignation.

首相否认了他要辞职的传言。

The workers stopped the rig on an incline and scotched the wheels.

The pantechnicon was running away. It had perceived the wrath to come and was fleeing. Its guardians had evidently left it imperfectly scotched or braked, and it had got loose.

1911, Arnold Bennett, The Card: A Story of Adventure in the Five Towns, London: Methuen Publishing, OCLC 492063506; republished Toronto, Ont.: William Briggs, 1910s, OCLC 225424669, page 69:


hold water

可能源自耶利米书 2:13的詹姆士王译本：For my people have committed two evils; they have forsaken me the fountain of living waters, and hewed them out cisterns, broken cisterns, that can hold no water.

holds water (third-person singular present)
holding water (present participle)
held water (past participle)

At the parlay, Tyrion also tries to claim Tywin’s murder was self-defense, which holds some water, and despite Jaime’s anger, I suspect he can see it from that side.

2017年August13日，Brandon Nowalk，“Oldtown offers one last game-changing secret as Game Of Thrones goes behind enemy lines (newbies)”, in The Onion AV Club:

"Young man," he said, "upon this point I can only say that your story is grossly improbable. It won't hold water."

1888, Horatio Alger, The Errand Boy, ch. 35:


run amok

runs amok (third-person singular present)
running amok (present participle)
ran amok (past)
run amok (past participle)


run amuck

runs amuck (third-person singular present)
running amuck (present participle)
ran amuck (past)
run amuck (past participle)


stabilises

stabilise的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


allow for

allows for (third-person singular present)
allowing for (present participle)
allowed for (past participle)

The problem is that they didn't allow for the extra centimetre of overlap, so it didn't fit correctly.

问题是他们没有将重叠部分多出来的厘米计算在内，所以它不合适。


touch up

touches up (third-person singular present)
touching up (present participle)
touched up (past participle)

Use a small brush to touch up the paint anywhere it is uneven.

用小刷子来小修一下油漆上不均匀的地方。

The creep was trying to touch up my girlfriend.

那个变态想猥亵我的女朋友。


run for it

runs for it (third-person singular present)
running for it (present participle)
ran for it (past)
run for it (past participle)

Quick! We'd better run for it! Someone is coming.

快！有人来了，我们得赶紧溜！

`Run for it!' I shouted, setting the example by starting up the cave as hard as my legs would carry me.

1887，H. Rider Haggard，She: A History of Adventure:


strafe

源自德語 strafe (“惩罚”)（strafen的变位形式），源自“Gott strafe England”（“上帝惩罚英格兰！”）等英国人在第一次世界大战期间见到的短语。

strafes (third-person singular present)
strafing (present participle)
strafed (past participle)

（不转视角而）向侧面移动，侧步（很多第一人称射击游戏的一项技巧）

If the NPC is close to the player, he may also try using the tried-and-true Quake circle-strafing technique.

2001, Jana Hallford, Swords and circuitry: a designer's guide to computer role playing games:

A strafe is a side-to-side camera movement. If you're a fan of first-person shooter games, you know how fundamental strafing can be to a game.

2007, Stephen Cawood, Pat McGee, Microsoft XNA Game Studio Creator's Guide:


humblebrag

humble + brag，由Harris Wittels（1984年–2015年）所造，于2010年在推特上发表。

humblebrags (third-person singular present)
humblebragging (present participle)
humblebragged (past participle)

/ˈhʌmbl̩ˌbɹæɡ/


pull a fast one

pulls a fast one (third-person singular present)
pulling a fast one (present participle)
pulled a fast one (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-pull a fast one.ogg

This isn't worth anything like what you paid them. I think they pulled a fast one on you.

这才不值你给他们的那么多钱，我觉得你被他们骗了。

President Bush today made his most aggressive assault yet on Gov. Bill Clinton, asserting that the Democratic nominee would "pull a fast one on the American people" and raise taxes by hundreds of billions of dollars.

1992年August7日，Andrew Rosenthal，“The 1992 Campaign: Bush Says Rival Would ‘Pull a Fast One’ Over Taxes”, in New York Times, retrieved 2017-11-03:

The man known as Chainsaw Al pulled a fast one last week, buying three companies when everyone assumed he would be selling his own.

1998年March16日，Daniel Kadlec，“Is That You, Al Dunlap?”, in Time, retrieved 2017-11-03:

7. Claimants are pulling a fast one. No. Less than 1% of the welfare budget is lost to fraud.

2013年April2日，Ricky Tomlinson，“10 lies we're told about welfare”, in The Guardian, retrieved 2017-11-03:

But then came Jan. 6, when I watched my Ivy League-educated senator, Ted Cruz, try to pull yet another fast one on the American people as he fought — not long before the certification process was disrupted by a mob of Trump supporters storming the Capitol and forcing their way into the Senate chamber — to challenge the election results.

2021年January11日，Mimi Swartz，“Never Forget What Ted Cruz Did”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


noogie

未知，可能源自意第緒語 נודזשען (nudzhen，“烦扰”)或可能源自希伯來語 נוגות (nugot，“折磨”)（参见耶利米哀歌1:3）或可能经由nudge的一个变换形式，类比wedge变成wedgie的过程。

noogies (third-person singular present)
noogying (present participle)
noogied (past participle)

夹头并用指头戳...的头顶（常为了开玩笑）


put a sock in it

可能源自一种捂住电唱机音响的粗暴方法。

puts a sock in it (third-person singular present)
putting a sock in it (present participle)
put a sock in it (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-put a sock in it.ogg

He went on and on until I finally told him to put a sock in it.

他滔滔不绝没完没了，一直到我叫他住嘴。


stick a sock in it

sticks a sock in it (third-person singular present)
sticking a sock in it (present participle)
stuck a sock in it (past participle)


stuff a sock in it

stuffs a sock in it (third-person singular present)
stuffing a sock in it (present participle)
stuffed a sock in it (past participle)


show the ropes

shows the ropes (third-person singular present)
showing the ropes (present participle)
showed the ropes (past)
shown the ropes (past participle)

教给...基础，帮...熟悉基础

When I got there, Bill showed me the ropes

我刚来的时候，Bill帮我指点了基础。

Bill showed the ropes to the new guy.

Bill给新人指点了基础。

Mr. Danzinger sent other roomers for Fonville to show the ropes.


crack wise

cracks wise (third-person singular present)
cracking wise (present participle)
cracked wise (past participle)

"Whenever I commit a crime?" expostulated Paul. "Where do you get that stuff, Ferret?" / "Out of me nut, kiddo. Why don't you stop cracking wise, and go back to the ribbon counter?"

1917，George Bronson-Howard，Slaves of the Lamp:

Reagan displayed his usual aplomb and even cracked wise about his age at a White House banquet.

1985 Aug. 5, Jacob V. Lamar Jr., "Coming Along Just Fine," Time:


breaststroke

breaststrokes (third-person singular present)
breaststroking (present participle)
breaststroked (past participle)


have a ball

has a ball (third-person singular present)
having a ball (present participle)
had a ball (past participle)

The kids had a ball playing in the fountain.

孩子们在喷泉中开心地嬉戏。

Are you hanging up a stocking on your wall? / It's the time that every Santa has a ball / Does he ride a red-nosed reindeer? / Does a ton up on his sleigh / Do the fairies keep him sober for a day?

In my dreams I have a plan / If I got me a wealthy man / I wouldn't have to work at all, I'd fool around and have a ball

When the party was nice, the party was jumpin' / And everybody havin' a ball

1998，“Who Let the Dogs Out”, 演出者 Baha Men:

“Well, after they retired down here, they must have had a ball ordering anything and everything.”

2002，H.H. Fuller，It's a Wrap，Writers Club Press，頁 72:

I hope you had a ball in effacing lives!

2006，Chrigel Glanzmann （作曲作詞）, “Your Gaulish War”, in Spirit，演出者 Eluveitie:

Yesterday was Thursday, Thursday / Today i-is Friday, Friday / We-we-we so excited / We so excited / We gonna have a ball today

2011，“Friday”, 演出者 Rebecca Black ft. Patrice Wilson:


aid and abet

aids and abets (third-person singular present)
aiding and abetting (present participle)
aided and abetted (past participle)

是...的共犯，伙同...作案

A bank employee was accused of aiding and abetting the gang of robbers.

一银行职员被判为劫犯的共犯。


hold a candle

可能源自学徒帮师傅拿蜡烛来帮其照明的习俗，而意指连这种简单的活都做不好的人毫无价值。

holds a candle (third-person singular present)
holding a candle (present participle)
held a candle (past participle)

常如例句中一样使用否定句。

能与...相提并论，望其项背

The old computer just doesn't hold a candle to the latest models.

老电脑和最新型号比望尘莫及。


beat around the bush

beats around the bush (third-person singular present)
beating around the bush (present participle)
beaten around the bush (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-beat around the bush.ogg

Just stop beating around the bush and tell me what the problem is!

别拐弯抹角了，和我明说问题是什么！


zone out

zones out (third-person singular present)
zoning out (present participle)
zoned out (past participle)


warped

warp 的過去式和過去分詞


lollygag

lollygags (third-person singular present)
lollygagging (present participle)
lollygagged (past participle)

Lovemaking and lollygagging are hereby strictly forbidden. […] The holding of hands, osculation and constant embracing of WAVES, corpsmen or civilians and sailors or any combination of male and female personnel is a violation of naval discipline. […]
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1946, Captain C. F. Behrens, MC, USN, quoted in Time Magazine, volume 47, part 1, page 74, 1946:


lose face

仿譯自漢語 丟臉／丢脸 (diūliǎn)或丟面子／丢面子 (diū miànzi)。

loses face (third-person singular present)
losing face (present participle)
lost face (past participle)

Ahithophel, Absalom's chief counsel, hanged himself when he lost face after his advice was rejected.

1986, John Shelby Spong, Beyond Moralism: A Contemporary View of the Ten Commandments, HarperCollins (2000), ISBN 9781878282149, unnumbered page:

When you start to feel unmotivated, you will look for ways to weasel out of your commitments. We all do it. If there's a stealth way to back out, without ever losing face, you will do it without hesitation.

2011, Mel Robbins, Stop Saying You're Fine: Discover a More Powerful You, Crown Archetype (2011), ISBN 9780307716729, page 221:

He had arranged for one of his managers to be present in the office with us, so I should have realised immediately that there was little chance of him backing down since that would have meant losing face in front of a subordinate.

2012, Sharon Pincott, Battle for the President's Elephants: Life, Lunacy and Elation in the African Bush, Jacana Media (2012), ISBN 9781431403592, page 97:


exhilarate

源自拉丁語 exhilarāre (“使...高兴，使...欢快”)，源自ex- (“出，离”)（源自原始印歐語 *h₁eǵʰs (“外”)） + hilarāre，hilarō (“鼓舞，使...高兴”)的现在时不定式，源自hilaris (“愉快的，轻松的，活泼的”)（源自古希臘語 ἱλαρός (hilarós，“高兴的，愉快的”)，源自ἵλαος (hílaos，“亲切的，吉祥的”)，源自原始印歐語 *sōlh₂- (“宽慰，宽容”)）。

exhilarates (third-person singular present)
exhilarating (present participle)
exhilarated (past participle)

/ɪɡˈzɪləɹeɪt/

/ɪɡˈzɪləˌɹeɪt/

振奋，鼓舞，使...开心

Good news exhilarates the mind; wine exhilarates the drinker.

For the Philiſtian preſcribeth Cures of the minde in Phrenſies, and melancholy Paſsions; and pretendeth alſo to exhibite Medicines to exhilarate the minde, to confirme the courage, to clarifie the wits, to corroborate the memorie, and the like; but the ſcruples and ſuperſtitions of Diet, and other Regiment of the body in the ſect of the Pythagoreans, in the Hereſy of the Manicheas, and in the Lawe of Mahumes doe exceede; […]

1605，Francis Bacon，The Tvvoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane. To the King，book II, London: Printed [by Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, and are to be sould at his shop at Graies Inne Gate in Holborne, →OCLC，頁 37, recto:

Any and ſundry are the meanes, which Philoſophers and Phyſicians haue preſcribed to exhilarate a ſorrowfull heart, to diuert thoſe fixed and intent cares and meditations, which in this malady ſo much offend; but in my judgement none ſo preſent, none ſo powerfull, none ſo [a]ppoſite as a cup of ſtrong drinke, mirth, muſicke, and merry company.

1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，“Musicke a Remedy”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 2, section 2, member 6, subsection 3，頁 276:

I slept soundly, and without feeling the least uneasiness, and am a great deal better this morning; neither do I find that the henbane has affected my head, which，源自the great effect it had on me,—exhilarating me to the most extraordinary degree, and yet keeping me sleepy,—I feared it would.

1838年November1日，Charles Dickens，“XV. Mrs. Charles Dickens.”, in Life, Letters, and Speeches of Charles Dickens with Biographical Sketches of the Principal Illustrators of Dickens’s Works: Illustrated with Engravings on Steel: In Two Volumes，卷 I, Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Houghton Mifflin Company; The Riverside Press Cambridge [Mass.], 出版於 1894, →OCLC，頁 118:

It is now for us to say, that with very considerable powers of fancy, and a deep feeling of enthusiasm, he [James G. Small] has described the scenes of his romantic rambles, and recorded the historical or traditional events for which he cherishes such a warm veneration, in song that by turns exhilarates, captivates, and melts; and that will especially arouse Scotland's associations.

1843 June，“Art. XI. The Highlands, The Scottish Martyrs, and Other Poems. By the Rev. James G. Small. Edin. Whyte & Co.”, in The Monthly Review (New and Improved Series)，卷 II, 期 II, London: G. Henderson, 2, Old Bailey, Ludgate-Hill, →OCLC，頁 235:

Returning to their desks at the beginning of April 1966, exhilarated by the size of the Labour majority, Ministers found that there had been no improvement in the economic outlook while they had been away; indeed it had grown worse.

1978，Michael Stewart，“The Light that Failed: April 1966 – June 1970”, in Politics & Economic Policy in the UK since 1964: The Jekyll & Hyde Years，Oxford: Pergamon Press, →ISBN，頁 64:

[A]lcohol, as all the world knows, or should know, does not nourish, but only stimulates,—exhilarates if you will, but exhilarates as fire exhilarates! Would carbon or any other combustible exhilarate only to burn up, consume, and destroy?

1856，Joel Pinney，“The Effects of Alcoholic Liquors, and the Customs of Drinking and Inebriety”, in The Duration of Human Life and Its Three Eras: When Men Attained to More than Nine Hundred Years of Age; when They Attained to Only Four Hundred and Fifty; when They Reached to Only Threescore Years and Ten; Shewing the Probable Causes and Material Agents that have Shortened the Lives of the Human Race, and the Barriers that Prevent a Return to the Longevity of the Early Patriarchs，London: Longman & Co., →OCLC，頁 116:

Harriet became suddenly conscious that every woman in the room was gazing furtively or with frank interest at Wimsey and herself, and the knowledge exhilarated her.

1932, Dorothy L Sayers, Have his Carcase, Chapter 12.


let up

lets up (third-person singular present)
letting up (present participle)
let up (past participle)

The rain shows no sign of letting up.


throw up

throws up (third-person singular present)
throwing up (present participle)
threw up (past)
thrown up (past participle)

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见throw、up。

The servant (who) had first entered had thrown up the window […]

1910，Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Devil's Foot

The baby threw up all over my shirt.

婴儿呕到我整件衬衫上了。

That cat is always throwing up hairballs.

抛出，产出（新的或意外的东西）

This system has thrown up a few problems.

The car wheels threw up a shower of stones.

（尤指草草地）竖起，立起，建造

Every depression in the ground had been utilized; every rise taken advantage of, to dig rifle-pits or throw up a little earthwork, surrounded with sand-bags […]

In other words, a business can throw up a huge detour sign in the way of the government.

2001, Diane Kennedy, Loop-Holes of the Rich: How the Rich Legally Make More Money & Pay Less Tax, Warner Books, ISBN 0446678325, page 70,

The deal was that if anyone started catching feelings, he could throw up a stop sign and the other would honor it.

2007, Marissa Monteilh, Dr. Feelgood, Kensington Books, ISBN 0758211228, page 27,

“No!” returned the spy. “I throw up. I confess that we were so unpopular with the outrageous mob, that I only got away from England at the risk of being ducked to death, and that Cly was so ferreted up and down, that he never would have got away at all but for that sham. Though how this man knows it was a sham, is a wonder of wonders to me.”

1859，Charles Dickens，A Tale of Two Cities:

In 1944, believing, as people in Leeds tended to do, that flying bombs or no flying bombs, things were better Down South, Dad threw up his job with the Co-op and we migrated to Guildford.

2011, Alan Bennett, "Baffled at a Bookcase", London Review of Books, XXXIII.15:

Why don't you go on and throw up ya gang sign. Represent your hood, homey?

2005, Brandon Bennett, Moon in Gemini, iUniverse, ISBN 059536442X, page 56,


catch on

catches on (third-person singular present)
catching on (present participle)
caught on (past participle)

He didn't have to explain; I caught on right away.

他本来就不用解释，我一下就明白了。

It's a crummy idea, and I certainly hope it does not catch on.

这个想法一点都不好，我希望不要每个人都这样想。

At first, many people didn't like that kind of music, but after a while it caught on.

一开始很多人不喜欢那种音乐，但后面它就流行起来了。

They waited for the pot roast to "catch on," sticking to the pot just enough to brown

2011，Mark Gaier, Clark Frasier, Rachel Forrest, and Ron Manville，Maine Classics: More than 150 Delicious Recipes from Down East，Philadelphia: Running Press, →ISBN，頁 172:


pull someone's leg

该短语源自苏格兰，原意为“捉弄某人”，尤其是通过欺骗的方式。一理论认为其来自通过猛拽某人的腿来使其摔倒而捉弄他/她的说法。

pulls someone's leg (third-person singular present)
pulling someone's leg (present participle)
pulled someone's leg (past participle)

捉弄某人，开某人的玩笑，戏耍某人

I hadn't pulled Mrs. Barstow's leg for any of that stuff, she had just handed it to me on a platter, and that wasn't my fault.

1934, Rex Stout, Fer-de-Lance, 1992 Bantam edition, ISBN 0553278193, page 111:

No, I'm just pulling your leg, it's crucifixion really.

1979，Life of Brian，spoken by Mr. Cheeky (Eric Idle):

从某人骗钱（通过借钱或敲竹杠等方式）（19世纪末）

I'm very glad to hear of his good fortune; but it's a deuced strange thing, for I saw him at the club last night and he never said a word of it. I'll pull his leg when I see him.

1886，Mark Well，“An Old-Time Tip”, in Wallace's Monthly，卷 12:

The verb 'to-pull-his-leg' means to extract from his pocket all the lucre it will yield.

1893，John Kendrick Bangs，Coffee and Repartee:

"I would 'pull his leg,' but Laura will not work with me." The expression "pulling his leg," Miss Sullivan explained as meaning to coax or wheedle his wealth out of him.


tambourine

源自法語 tambourin (“小鼓”)，源自法語 tambour (“鼓”)。最终源自阿拉伯語 طُنْبُور (ṭunbūr)。

tambourines (third-person singular present)
tambourining (present participle)
tambourined (past participle)

Rain tambourined on the stately square.

1995, Henri Cole, The Look of Things (page 23)


pinky swear

pinky swears (third-person singular present)
pinky swearing (present participle)
pinky swore (past)
pinky sworn (past participle)


tenure

源自中古英語 tenure，源自盎格魯-諾曼語，源自古法語 tenure，源自通俗拉丁語 *tenitura，源自*tenitus，源自拉丁語 tentus（←teneō） + -ura。

tenures (third-person singular present)
tenuring (present participle)
tenured (past participle)

将所有权、终身职位等授予


cough up

coughs up (third-person singular present)
coughing up (present participle)
coughed up (past participle)

He was coughing up blood.

He was coughing up a lung.

（比喻）他肺都要咳出来了。

不情愿地交出
（指钱） （不情愿地）给，支付

Do you think he'll be able to cough up the three grand by Tuesday?

你觉得他周二前能交出三千美元吗？

"[…] Usually businessmen. Married, middle-aged guys who'll cough up fifty bucks to smoke my pole."

2006，K. M. Soehnlein，You Can Say You Knew Me When，頁 240:

不情愿地交出
（指其他事物） 交出

"Anyhow, you go and cough it up and then we shall see."

1926，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，The Land of Mist:

Cough it up, Cooper.

2013, The Big Bang Theory, season 6, episode 14:

（在比赛快结束时出岔子而）失败

That team had the game won, but they coughed it up in the end.

那个队本来稳赢的，但是最后还是出岔子输了。

England had never before come back to win from a margin of more than 12 points, and the errors continued to come thick and fast as Tom Croft became the latest to cough up the ball.

2011，Tom Fordyce，Rugby World Cup 2011: England 12-19 France:


reach for the sky

reaches for the sky (third-person singular present)
reaching for the sky (present participle)
reached for the sky (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-reach for the sky.ogg

Far better to start modestly and grow gradually than to reach for the sky with grand plans that could only end in the collapse of the institution.

1993，Robert Emmett Curran，The Bicentennial History of Georgetown University: From academy to university, 1789-1889，Georgetown University Press, →ISBN，頁 27:

Resigned to his blue-collar status, Donna's father's belief was “Why reach for the sky when you can be happy on earth?” Donna says, “My dad was trying to save me from disappointment. The daughter of peasant stock shouldn't strive to be in the ruling class, he thought.”

2010，Alfred Lubrano，Limbo: Blue-Collar Roots, White-Collar Dreams，John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN，頁 33:

Indeed, career counseling encourages individuals to “reach for the sky.”

2014，Gideon Arulmani, Anuradha J. Bakshi, Frederick T. L. Leong, A. G. Watts，Handbook of Career Development: International Perspectives，Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN，頁 306:


entends

entend的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


scoot

不详。可能源自古諾爾斯語 skjóta (“射击”)或可能与中古英語 scottlynge (“快速动脚，蹦蹦跳跳”，字面意思是“碎步走”)有关，参见scuddle、scuttle。

scoots (third-person singular present)
scooting (present participle)
scooted (past participle)

They scooted over to the window.

The dog was scooting all over our new carpet.

狗狗正用牠的前爪到處擦咱們的新地毯。

If you ever see your dog scooting its hind end along the floor, chances are that anal sac irritation or impaction exists.

1990，Chris C. Pinney，Guide to Home Pet Grooming，頁 44:

What if my cat is biting its tail, scooting or rubbing its bottom on the ground?

1997，J. M. Evans and Kay White，Catopedia:

The old wives tale is that a dog that scoots on its rear has worms, but that's rarely the case. Dogs that scoot, lick, or chew underneath their tails usually have anal gland issues.

2008，Sandy Blackburn，The Everything Dog Grooming Book: All You Need to Help Your Pet Look and Feel Great!，頁 62:

挪开 （指比如在多人座位上让开给其他人空出位置）

Do you mind scooting a bit to the left?

He scooted us out of the study and turned off the light […]

1930, Frank Richards, The Magnet, Prout's Lovely Black Eye


summer camp

summer camps (third-person singular present)
summer camping (present participle)
summer camped (past participle)


trawl

起於16世紀，借自荷蘭語 tragelen (“用拖鏈釣魚；拖網”)，源自中古荷蘭語 traghelen，源自traghel (“拖網”)（可能源自拉丁語 tragula (“拖網”)），與英語 drag詞根相同。

trawls (third-person singular present)
trawling (present participle)
trawled (past participle)

在指定區域內進行全面搜尋


smooch

可能是smack的一个方言变体。亦对比低地德語 smok (“吻”)。

smooches (third-person singular present)
smooching (present participle)
smooched (past participle)

They smooched in the doorway.


smooch

smutch的另一種寫法