gung ho

源自官話 工合 (gōnghé)的词语误用，其被误解释为了工 (gōng，“工作”) + 合 (hé，“一起”)即“一起工作”，但其是工業合作社／工业合作社 (Gōngyè Hézuòshè)的简称。“一起工作”的解释是由20世纪30年代驻扎在中国的美国海军准将埃文斯·卡尔逊作出的。其成为了卡尔逊领导的斗志昂扬的团的口号和外号，最后导致其他海军士兵将这个词解释为“狂热的”。在美国，其在1943年战争片《孤岛突击队》（Gung Ho!）的影响下普及开来。

more gung ho (comparative)
most gung ho (superlative)

狂热的，偏激的，过分热情的

No matter how gung ho you are when you start, you will tire as you become mired in details.


indelible

源自拉丁語 indelebilis (“无法摧毁的”)。

more indelible (comparative)
most indelible (superlative)

unerasable

难以去除的，难以洗净的，难以清除的

unerasable

无法忘却的，无法磨灭的，无法丢失的

unforgettable

无法忘却的，无法磨灭的，无法丢失的

delible

难以去除的，难以洗净的，难以清除的

uninsertable

难以去除的，难以洗净的，难以清除的

难以去除的，难以洗净的，难以清除的

This ink spot on the contract is indelible.

合同上的这个墨迹擦不掉。

This stain on my shirt is indelible.

我衬衫上的这个污渍洗不掉。

Written with indelible pen.

The brow was smooth and fair; no deep thought, born of deep feeling, had grown there—those indelible lines which stamp even youth with age.

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XXII, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 235:

无法忘却的，无法磨灭的，无法丢失的

That horrible story just might make an indelible impression on the memory.

那个恐怖故事可能在我记忆里留下了难以磨灭的印象。

During our investigation it became clear that for three decades many other women had suffered at the hands of our abuser, but they had refused to testify against him because of the indelible stigma it would bring.

2014年August29日，Ruzwana Bashir，“The untold story of how a culture of shame perpetuates abuse. I know, I was a victim”, in The Guardian:

An indelible image from the Great Depression features a well-dressed family seated with their dog in a comfy car, smiling down from an oversize billboard on weary souls standing in line at a relief agency.

2020年April16日，Patricia Cohen，“Straggling in a Good Economy, and Now Struggling in a Crisis”, in New York Times:

They are […] endued with indelible power from above.

November 7, 1678, Thomas Sprat, a sermon preached at the Anniversary Meeting of the Sons of Clergymen in the Church of St Mary-le-Bow


wonky

源自英语方言词 wanky，变换自中古英語 wankel (“不稳的，摇摇晃晃的”)，源自古英語 wancol (“不稳定的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *wankul (“摇曳的，摇晃的，不稳的”)。

wonkier (comparative)
wonkiest (superlative)

rickety

虚弱的，不稳的，摇摇欲坠的

buggy

断断续续出现错误（bug）的

broken

断断续续出现错误（bug）的

虚弱的，不稳的，摇摇欲坠的

It seemed likely that he would need First Aid when those wonky steps yielded, at length, to the well-known law of gravitation.

1932，Frank Richards，The Magnet: The Terror of the Form:

断断续续出现错误（bug）的


wonky

Climate change is an issue that might lend itself more easily to thematic framing in the news, due to the often highly technical and wonky language required to explain it.

2009, Jesse Dale Holcomb, Faith, Science and Trust: Climate Change Framing Effects and Conservative Protestant Opinion

McCain's message, while similar in content and equally as valid, is lost in the minutiae of “'high-risk' pools” and wonky jargon.

2010, Michael Maslansky, Scott West, Gary DeMoss, David Saylor, The Language of Trust: Selling Ideas in a World of Skeptics


vagabond

源自古法語 vagabond，源自晚期拉丁語 vagābundus，源自拉丁語 vagari (“游荡”)。

To heaven their prayers / Flew up, nor missed the way, by envious winds / Blown vagabond or frustrate.

1667，John Milton，“Book 10”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

Truly, the worships of the Mystery wandered as did men, and between filchings and borrowings the gods had as vagabond a time of it as did we.


devout

源自中古英語 devout、devot，源自古法語 devot（法语dévot），源自拉丁語 dēvōtus，dēvōveō的过去分词。devote 的同源對似詞。

devouter (comparative)
more devout (comparative)
devoutest (superlative)
most devout (superlative)

a devout man, and one that feared God

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 10:2:

We must be constant and devout in the worship of our God.

a. 1729，John Rogers，The Difficulties of Obtaining Salvation:

I first became aware of changing Hui-Han social dynamics in the village from a discussion with one of the Han villagers in Team 1. She explained: “Since 1979, we have had less and less social contact with the Hui in the other teams. There are no problems between us, but the Hui are more devout [qian-cheng] now and less willing to come to our homes and visit or borrow tools. We raise pigs in our yards and eat pork, so they are afraid it will influence their religion [yingxiang tamende jiaomen]."

2002，Dru C. Gladney，“Ethnoreligious Resurgence in a Northwestern Sufi Community”, in China Off Center: Mapping the Margins of the Middle Kingdom，Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 109:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:devout。

devout sighs; devout eyes; a devout posture

devout wishes for one's welfare


random

random此字源自中古英語的randoun和法語的randon，和指馬疾馳得四腳離地的動詞randir有關。random原指「極快」，「At random」原指在不顧一切的高速之中。

more random (comparative)
most random (superlative)


yellow

: < 中古英语 yelwe、yelou < 古英语 ġeolu、ġeolwe < 原始日耳曼语 *gelwaz——（见西弗里斯兰语 giel、荷兰语 geel、德语 gelb、瑞典语 gul） < 原始印欧语 *ĝʰel-（发光）——见爱尔兰语 geal（白，亮）、拉丁语 helvus（闷黄色）、古希腊语 chlóos（绿）；chlōrós（带绿的）、古教会斯拉夫语 žlŭtŭ（黄）、立陶宛语 žeĩvas、žaĩvas（带绿的）、阿维斯陀语 zari（黄）及梵语 háris（带黄色的）。

（轻蔑语）黄皮肤的，黄色人种的


dangerous

/ˈdeɪnd͡ʒəɹəs/


rudimentary

/ˌɹuːdɪˈmɛntəɹi/

/ˌɹuːdɪˈmɛnt͡ʃɹi/


sick

源自中古英語 sik、sike、seek、seke、seok，源自古英語 sēoc (“生病的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *seuk，源自原始日耳曼語 *seukaz（对比西弗里斯蘭語 siik、荷蘭語 ziek、德語 siech、書面挪威語 syk、新挪威語 sjuk、丹麥語 syg），源自原始印歐語 *sewg- (“困扰，悲”)，对比中古愛爾蘭語 socht (“沉默，抑郁”)、古典亞美尼亞語 հիւծանիմ (hiwcanim，“变弱”)。

sicker (comparative)
sickest (superlative)

disturbed

精神不稳定的，心智失常的

twisted

精神不稳定的，心智失常的

warped

精神不稳定的，心智失常的

Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þe wyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra.

a1420，The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056，“Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Lanfranc's "Science of cirurgie."，London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, 根據Lanfranc of Milan原著改編的翻譯作品, 出版於 1894, →ISBN，頁 63:

‘Children crawled over each other like little grey worms in the gutters,’ he said. ‘The only red things about them were their buttocks and they were raw. Their faces looked as if snails had slimed on them and their mothers were like great sick beasts whose byres had never been cleared. […]’

1963，Margery Allingham，章號 7, in The China Governess:

She was sick all day with the flu.

We have to care for the sick.

My daughter was violently sick three times in the night.

我女儿夜里闹了三次恶心。

In the meantime the old man had gotten up and gone out in the yard and began to vomit. Henry said I believe I feel sick and got up and went out. He went out one door and his father went out the other one. I did not think there was anything wrong with the coffee and I asked my wife to pour this out […]

1913, The Texas criminal reports, page 8:

Q. Didn't he complain he was sick before he commenced to vomit?

1918, Cecil Day Lewis, The Whispering Roots, Jonathan Cape, page 140:

[…] trying hard to cry. Crying's good. Crying teaches him to breathe. But I wish he weren't crying from hunger. I feel dizzy. I sit down and feel a little sick. Maybe I'll vomit, too. No, I never vomit. I feel sick, but I won't vomit. I never vomit.

I feel sick, like I might vomit, and I'm more tired than I can ever remember feeling.

2013, Cheryl Rainfield, Stained, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (ISBN 9780547942100), page 38:

精神不稳定的，心智失常的

令人不适的，低级的，下贱的

That's a sick joke.

I've heard that song on the radio so many times that I'm starting to get sick of it.

我在电台上听那首歌听到快吐了。

I'm so sick of that same old love, the kind that breaks your heart.

2015，“Same Old Love”, in Revival，演出者 Selena Gomez:

This tune is sick.

Dude, this car's got a sick subwoofer!

老兄，这辆车的低音炮太牛逼了吧。

sick building syndrome; my car is looking pretty sick; my job prospects are pretty sick

病态的大楼综合征；我的车看着像要坏了；我的就业前景很悲观


alert

more alert (comparative)
most alert (superlative)


heavy

源自中古英語 hevy、heviȝ，源自古英語 hefiġ、hefeġ、hæfiġ (“重的，重要的，严重的，猛烈的，缓慢的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *habīg (“沉重的”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *habīgaz (“沉重的”)，源自原始印歐語 *keh₂p- (“拿，取”)。
同源词包括低地蘇格蘭語 hevy、havy、heavy (“沉重的”)、荷蘭語 hevig (“严重的，猛烈的”)、中古低地德語 hēvich (“严重的，猛烈的”)、德語 hebig（对比heftig (“严重的，猛烈的”)）、冰島語 höfugur (“沉重的，重要的”)、拉丁語 capāx (“大的，宽的，有能力的，能干的”)。

heavier (comparative)
heaviest (superlative)

Can you help me carry this? It's really heavy.

能帮我拿一下这个吗？它好重。

Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke.[…]A silver snaffle on a heavy leather watch guard which connected the pockets of his corduroy waistcoat, together with a huge gold stirrup in his Ascot tie, sufficiently proclaimed his tastes.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年），Winston Churchill，章號 2, in The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

But now, ten years later, after his recent shipwreck, he cannot compete as a runner, though he can outthrow the slighter Phaeacians with the heaviest discus.

In other research, scientists have found that people who kept cereal out in the open were often about 20 pounds heavier than people who kept cereal behind closed doors.

2015年May18日，Angus Chen，How We Store Food At Home Could Be Linked To How Much We Eat:

沉重的，阴郁的，令人不快的

沉重的，累赘的，负担大的

heavy yokes, expenses, undertakings, trials, news, etc.

沉重的枷锁，高昂的费用，重大的任务，沉重的审判（或艰难的考验），沉重的消息，等等

The hand of the Lord was heavy upon them of Ashdod.

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Samuel 5:6:

The king himself hath a heavy reckoning to make.

1599，William Shakespeare，“The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

Sent hither by my Husband to impart the heavy news.

This film is heavy.

The Moody Blues are, like, heavy.

The ovarian response to gonadotropic hormones may be erratic at first, so that irregular or heavy bleeding sometimes occurs

1998, Stanley George Clayton, ""Menstruation" in Encyclopedia Britannica

Come heavy, or not at all.

带枪再过来，要不就别来。

Metal is heavier than rock.

He was a heavy sleeper, a heavy eater and a heavy smoker – certainly not an ideal husband.

他睡得多，吃得多，还很爱抽烟——就不是个好丈夫。

沉重的 （因困倦难睁开的）

Watch for the signs of fatigue, including yawning, blinking and heavy eyes.

2021年December10日，The Road Ahead，Brisbane，頁 11，列 3:

高油的，高蛋白的，难消化的

Cheese-stuffed sausage is too heavy to eat before exercising.

运动前不能吃起司香肠，它太难消化了。

[Rural solar plant] schemes are of little help to industry or other heavy users of electricity. Nor is solar power yet as cheap as the grid. For all that, the rapid arrival of electric light to Indian villages is long overdue. When the national grid suffers its next huge outage, as it did in July 2012 when hundreds of millions were left in the dark, look for specks of light in the villages.

2013年July20日，“Out of the gloom”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8845:

it was a heavy storm; a heavy slumber in bed; a heavy punch

装满沉重的东西的，负担沉重的

his eyes were heavy with sleep; she was heavy with child

他的眼睛困得睁不开； 她怀孕了。

Seating himselfe within a darkesome cave, / (Such places heavy Saturnists doe crave,) / Where yet the gladsome day was never seene […]

缓慢而沉重的，笨重的；单调乏味的

a heavy gait, looks, manners, style, etc.

笨重的步伐，样子，举止，风格等

a heavy writer or book

whilst the heavy ploughman snores

c. 1595–1596，William Shakespeare，“A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

Neither [is] his ear heavy, that it cannot hear.

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 59:1:

The next day we only made some eight miles, as the road was heavy beyond all belief. It lay through a desert region of country which was ancle-deep ^([sic]) in soda and alkali dust.

1861，E. J. Guerin，Mountain Charley，頁 37:

a heavy road; a heavy soil

heavy bread

重的 （指含有较重的同位素）

The very low prices of brandy, and the continuance of a heavy market for such a length of time, have begun to attract buyers; […]

The oil market is heavy, each day bringing along further supplies of shares from people who have not tired of the long-continued decline in the market.

1922，The Investor's Monthly Manual: A Newspaper for Investors，頁 626:

起飞重量大的，载荷重的 （宽体飞机，起飞重量超过30万吨的）

In a firm voice he said, “World Wide Six heavy is ready for takeoff.”

1990，Perry Francis Lafferty，The Downing of Flight Six Heavy，頁 85:


heavy

more heavy (comparative)
most heavy (superlative)

a heavy horse


small

音頻（英式）: [smoːw]

音頻（美式）: [smɑɫ]


warm

warmer (comparative)
warmest (superlative)

今天天氣暖和。

我喜歡晚上洗個溫水澡。

I like to take a warm bath in the evening.

这件夹克很保暖。

他熱情地歡迎我們。

客厅是用暖色调来涂装的。

The living room is painted in warm colors.

你馬上要猜中了！


new

來自原始印歐語 *néwyos (“新的”) →原始日耳曼語 *niwjaz (“新的，新鲜的”) →古英語 nīwe →中古英語 newe。
关联词
與低地蘇格蘭語 new (“新的”), 西弗里斯蘭語 nij (“新的”), 荷蘭語 nieuw (“新的”), 低地德語 nee (“新的”), 德語 neu (“新的”), 丹麥語, 挪威語, 瑞典語 ny (“新的”), 冰島語 nýr (“新的”), 法羅語 nýggjur (“新的”), 拉丁語 nōvus (“新的”), 古希臘語 νέος (néos，“新的”), 威爾士語 newydd (“新的”), 俄語 но́вый (nóvyj，“新的”), 亞美尼亞語 նոր (nor，“新的”), 波斯語 نو (“現在”), 印地語 नया (nayā，“新的”), 吐火羅語B ñuwe (“新的”)同源。
参见古英語 nū (“现在”)。

newer (comparative)
newest (superlative)


old

旧、老、老的、古老的、以前的、原来的


far

farther (comparative)
further (comparative)
farthest (superlative)
furthest (superlative)
farthermost (superlative)
furthermost (superlative)


in

標準英音，通用美式，加拿大，澳大利亞

標準英音，通用美式，加拿大，澳大利亞

通用美式，加拿大，澳大利亞

通用美式，加拿大，澳大利亞


large

源自中古英語 large，源自古法語 large，源自拉丁語 larga，largus (“富余的，大量的，大的，多的”)的阴性形式，最终词源不详。很大程度上取代了中古英語 stoor, stour (“大的”)（源自古英語 stōr）和muchel (“大的”)（源自古英語 myċel）。

larger (comparative)
largest (superlative)

free

自由的，无拘无束的，没有负担的

unencumbered

自由的，无拘无束的，没有负担的

We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke.

Russia is a large country. The fruit-fly has large eyes for its body size. He has a large collection of stamps.

俄罗斯是一个很大的国家。 果蝇的眼睛相对于其体型来说很大。 他收藏了很多邮票。

We have yet large day.

1667，John Milton，“Book 5”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

And where hit please yow to saye that I haue holden my lady youre Quene yeres and wynters / vnto that I shal euer make a large ansuer
"And where it please you to say that I have holden my lady your queen years and winters, unto that I shall ever make a large answer"

1485，Thomas Malory，Le Morte Darthur Book XX, Chapter xj, leaf 408r-v:

I might be very large upon the importance and advantages of education.

1711，Henry Felton，Dissertation on Reading the Classics:

自由的，无拘无束的，没有负担的

顺的 （指风，与船的龙骨成直角的）


sable

源于约1275年的中古英語 sable ，又：
# 源自古法語 sable 及 martre sable，指黑貂或其毛皮。
# 源自中古低地德語 sabel ，试比较中古荷蘭語 sabel ，中古高地德語zobel 。
#* 最初源自一个古斯拉夫语或波罗的语族词语，试比较俄語 соболь (sóbol') 、波蘭語 soból 、捷克語 sobol 。
# 又试比较波斯語 samōr 。

more sable (comparative)
most sable (superlative)


suave

源自中古英語 suave，借自拉丁語 suāvis (“甜的；令人愉快的”)。sweet 的同源對似詞。

suaver (comparative)
suavest (superlative)

有魅力的，优雅的，风度翩翩的，自信的；圆滑的，精明的，老于世故的

a man with a suave demeanor

举手投足散发着魅力的男子


Deutsch

借自德語 Deutsch (“德语”)。Dutch、thede和tuath 的同源對似詞。

more Deutsch (comparative)
most Deutsch (superlative)

Riley's father, Reuben, spoke Deutsch in his boyhood home and did not learn to speak English until after his childhood even though he came from Irish roots. Riley's ancestors kept alive many of the old folktales and stories of their lives. Few of these Deutsch tales survive.

1997, Thomas E. Q. Williams, James Whitcomb Riley: the poet as flying islands of the night, page 76:


dull

源自中古英語 dull、dul（亦作dyll、dill、dwal），源自古英語 dol (“乏味的，愚蠢的，错误的，谬误的，自以为是的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *dol，源自原始日耳曼語 *dulaz，源自早期形式*dwulaz，*dwalaz (“震惊的，疯狂的，愚蠢的，被误导的”)的一个变体，源自原始印歐語 *dʰwel-、*dʰewel- (“使...暗淡，遮蔽，隐晦”)。
同源词包括低地蘇格蘭語 dull、doll (“迟钝的，聋的”)、北弗里斯蘭語 dol (“鲁莽的，草率的，晕眩的，轻率的”)、荷蘭語 dol (“疯狂的，失智的”)、低地德語 dul、dol (“疯狂的，愚蠢的，愚昧的”)、德語 toll (“疯狂的，鲁莽的，荒诞的”)、丹麥語 dval (“荒唐的，愚蠢的”)、冰島語 dulur (“遮掩的，守口如瓶的”)，西弗拉芒方言 dul (“生气的”)。

duller (comparative)
dullest (superlative)

all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy

All these knives are dull.

无聊的，乏味的，无趣的，沉闷的

He sat through the dull lecture and barely stayed awake.

他撑过了那个无聊的讲座，都快睡着了。

"You are very dull this morning, Sheriff," said the youngest daughter of the house, who, being the baby and pretty, had grown pettishly privileged in speech.

1895，S. R. Crockett，A Cry Across the Black Water:

不光滑的，不光亮的，暗淡的

Choose a dull finish to hide fingerprints.

选没光泽的末道漆可以防止留指纹。

a dull fire or lamp;  a dull red or yellow;  a dull mirror

微弱的火光或灯；暗红，暗黄；反射不好的镜子

dull at classical learning

1847 January – 1848 July，William Makepeace Thackeray，章號 5, in Vanity Fair. A Novel without a Hero，London: Bradbury and Evans, […], 出版於 1848, →OCLC:

She paused and took a defiant breath. ‘If you don't believe me, I can't help it. But I'm not a liar.’ ¶ ‘No,’ said Luke, grinning at her. ‘You're not dull enough! […] What about the kid's clothes? I don't suppose they were anything to write home about, but didn't you keep anything? A bootee or a bit of embroidery or anything at all?’

1963，Margery Allingham，章號 15, in The China Governess:

无精打采的，拖拖拉拉的，慢吞吞的，懒散的

This people's heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing.

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 13:xiii:

O, help my weak wit and sharpen my dull tongue.

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“(please specify the book)”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

It's a dull day.

死气沉沉的，沉重的，笨重的

As turning the logs will make a dull fire burn, so changes of study a dull brain.

c. 1857', Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Table-Talk

Pressing on the bruise produces a dull pain.

按一下挫伤处会有一阵钝痛。

(指声响等) 模糊的，被压抑的


tan

源自法語 tan (“鞣料”)，來自高盧語 tanno- (“槲树”) – 對照布列塔尼語 tann (“紅櫟樹”)，上古康沃爾語 tannen –，來自原始凱爾特語 *tannos (“槲树”)，起源不明，但可能來自原始印歐語 *(s)dʰonu (“樅，冷杉”)。若按這種假說，與赫梯語 [需要文字] (tanau，“樅，冷杉”)、拉丁語 femur（feminis (“大腿”)的屬格），德語 Tann (“木頭”)、Tanne (“樅，冷杉”)、阿爾巴尼亞語 thanë (“莓果叢”)、古希臘語 θάμνος (thámnos，“樹叢”)、阿維斯陀語 𐬚𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆 (θanuuar^ə)、梵語 धनु (dhánu)相關。

tanner (comparative)
tannest (superlative)

Mine is the white car parked next to the tan pickup truck.

我的車是白色的、停在棕褐色敞篷卡車隔壁的那輛。

You’re looking very tan this week.


Chinese

more Chinese (comparative)
most Chinese (superlative)

中国的；汉语的，中文的；中国人的，华人的


approaching

/əˈpɹoʊtʃɪŋ/

/əˈpɹəʊtʃɪŋ/


apprehensive

/ˌæpɹɪˈhɛnsɪv/


high

源自中古英語 high、heigh、heih，源自古英語 hēah (“高的，高耸的，高级的，上层的，杰出的，高傲的，深邃的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *hauh (“高”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *hauhaz (“高”)，源自原始印歐語 *kewk- (“升”)。
与低地蘇格蘭語 heich (“高的”)、薩特弗里斯蘭語 hooch (“高的”)、西弗里斯蘭語 heech (“高的”)、荷蘭語 hoog (“高的”)、低地德語 hoog (“高的”)、德語 hoch (“高的”)、瑞典語 hög (“高的”)、挪威語 høy (“高的”)、冰島語 hár (“高的”)、立陶宛語 kaukas (“肿块，疮”)、俄語 ку́ча (kúča，“摞，沓”)同源。

higher (comparative)
highest (superlative)

从基础高度向上延伸距离长的： 高的

The balloon rose high in the sky. The wall was high. a high mountain

气球升到了高高的天上。 墙很高。 高山

The Chitistone River Valley offers a more direct route for travel from McCarthy to the White River and the Shushana gold placers than Skolai Creek, but it involves a high climb over the so-called “goat trail” to avoid the canyon above Chitistone[.]

1930，Philip Sidney Smith，Mineral Industry of Alaska in 1928 and Administration Report:

Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.

2013年June7日，David Simpson，“Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 188, 期 26，頁 36:

She was like a Beardsley Salome, he had said. And indeed she had the narrow eyes and the high cheekbone of that creature, and as nearly the sinuosity as is compatible with human symmetry. His wooing had been brief but incisive.

1922，Ben Travers，章號 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest:

A nightgown with a high neck and long sleeves may have the fullness set into a yoke.

1919, Martha Van Rensselaer, Flora Rose, Helen Canon, A Manual of Home-Making, page 376:

从基础高度向上延伸距离长的： 高于击球手肩膀的

the pitch (or: the ball) was high

从基础高度向上延伸距离长的： （尤指语言）使用地区海拔高的，高地的

three feet high three Mount Everests high

高3英尺 高三个珠穆朗玛峰

I told him about everything I could think of; and what I couldn't think of he did. He asked about six questions during my yarn, but every question had a point to it. At the end he bowed and thanked me once more. As a thanker he was main-truck high; I never see anybody so polite.

1913，Joseph C. Lincoln，章號 4, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

地位高的，上层的 一流的，最重要的

The oldest of the elves' royal family still conversed in High Elvish.

The Barnacles were a very high family, and a very large family. They were dispersed all over the public offices, and held all sorts of public places.

Not a one of them was old enough to know what the high past of Liani separatism had really been like.

2007, Sheila Finch, Shaper's Legacy ISBN 1434401596, page 122:

the high priest, the high officials of the court, the high altar

主教，法庭的高级官员，主祭坛

地位高的，上层的 严重的，严厉的，重要的

high crimes, the high festival of the sun

地位高的，上层的 程度高的

high heat; high noon; high seasoning; high pleasure; high colour; high scholarship; high tide; high [tourism] season; the High Middle Ages

高温，正午，味道重的调味料，非常开心，深（鲜）色，高深的学术研究，满潮，（旅游）旺季，中世纪鼎盛时期

High sauces and rich spices are fetch'd from the Indies.

1709-1710, Thomas Baker, Reflections on Learning

地位高的，上层的 复杂的，繁杂的，高深的

Plain living and high thinking are no more.

The letter of a "Pioneer" was sent to the Chronicle office by a very respectable man, of a high conservative family, but whose interests have been injuriously affected by the constant fluctuations in the commercial policy of England.

1858, Joseph Howe, Speeches and Public Letters, page 346:

His family was ardently royalist, and might be compared to a high Tory family on this side the water; with some change of conditions, their prejudices and disposition of the mind were the same.

1861 (printed 2003), Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Regnery Publishing (ISBN 9780895261601)

My father was the youngest son of a High-Church and high Tory family, the politically leftwing and religiously Nonconformist rebel; and antiimperialist who nearly lost his position in the City by refusing to sign his firm's pro–Boer War petition.

2005, Jesse D. Geller, John C. Norcross, David E. Orlinsky, The Psychotherapist's Own Psychotherapy, Oxford University Press (ISBN 9780198030621), page 69:

in high spirits

I was having a high time, living the good life.

1970, Grateful Dead, High Time, on the album Workingman's Dead

high living, the high life

I was living the high lifestyle in famous sex clubs, relaxing on luxurious sofas, in the saunas and whirlpools, enjoying moments of excitement with my male and female companions while sipping champagne from crystal glasses.

2010, Rose Maria McCarthy Anding. High Heels, Honey Lips, & White Powder

a high tone

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 21:4:

"Conversely, just because I am not high on positivity, it does not mean I am necessarily high on negativity."

2016，David Chan，Enabling Positive Attitudes and Experiences in Singapore，頁 140:

I'm not that high about the relationship.

2010, Lena, quoted by S. Rosenbloom, The Multiracial Urban High School: Fearing Peers and Trusting Friends (ISBN 0230114733), chapter four:

The sea is as high as ever. I shouldn't think any boat could put out today.

1939，Agatha Christie，章號 11, in And Then There Were None:

high latitude, fish species in high arctic and antarctic areas

高纬度，高纬度北极和南极区域的鱼种

But other euphausiids, Euphausia crystallorophias, are found in the pack ice region of the high Antarctic as food of Blue and Minke Whales (Marr, 1956). E. vallentini is very important in the lower Antarctic region, around […]

1966, Symposium on Antarctic Oceanography: Papers, page 242:

We predict that L. arctica will coincide with the whole reindeer-caribou distribution, probably excepted Svalbard, South Georgia and other high-polar areas.

1990, International Union of Game Biologists. Congress, Transactions, the XIXth IUGB Congress: Population dynamics, page 219:

[…] petrels, which breed primarily in the high Antarctic, the Rauer Islands are fairly central in their breeding distribution. This study documents the breeding biology of these four species of fulmarine petrels on Hop Island, Rauer Islands during […]

1999, Peter John Hodum, Foraging Ecology and Reproductive Energetics of Antarctic Fulmarine Petrels, page 8:

Except for some lithodid crabs that have recently been found in the Antarctic Bellingshausen Sea (Klages et al., 1995; Arana and Retamal, 2000), reptants are not known from high polar areas, where water temperature at the seafloor drops permanently below about 0°C.

2004, Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschungvolume 481-483, page 1:

This study also analyzed the sources of variations over an environmental gradient extending from low (subtropical) to high (sub-Antarctic) latitudes.

2007, Zoological Studies, volume 46, iissues 1-3, page 371:

富含...的（作表语时常带“in”指明哪种物质）

My bank charges me a high interest rate.

我的银行收我很高的利率。

I was running a high temperature and had high cholesterol.

我发高烧，胆固醇也很高。

high voltage high prices high winds a high number

The single-imaging optic of the mammalian eye offers some distinct visual advantages. Such lenses can take in photons from a wide range of angles, increasing light sensitivity. They also have high spatial resolution, resolving incoming images in minute detail.

2013 July-August，Fenella Saunders，“Tiny Lenses See the Big Picture”, in American Scientist:

Ignition voltage needs to be high enough to overcome the high resistance created by the air gap.

2005，Tracy Martin，How To Diagnose and Repair Automotive Electrical Systems，頁 16:

Carrots are high in vitamin A. made from a high-copper alloy

胡萝卜富含维生素A 使用富铜合金制成

The note was too high for her to sing.

那个音太高了她唱不上去。

上颚的，使用口中偏上部位发音的

I have KT742 of the same suit. In other words, a K-high flush.

我有同一个花色的KT742，也就是K中最大的同花顺

9-high straight = 98765 unsuited

Royal Flush = AKQJT suited = A-high straight flush

North's hand was high. East was in trouble.

Cutler pushed forward the two necessary white chips. No one's hand was high, and Loomis made a slight winning.

1894, Harper's Magazine, volume 88, page 910:

Epicures do not cook game before it is high.

美食家到猎物快要开始腐败时才烹饪。

The tailor liked his meat high.

What he did know was this: something about the situation smelled wrong. Something about it smelled as high as dead fish that have spent three days in the hot sun.

（受毒品影响）兴奋的，嗨的

NO NEARER! (arrive! Fr.) the command given by the pilot of quarter-master, to the helmsman, to steer the ship no higher to the direction of the wind than the sails will operate to advance the ship in her course.

1784，William Falconer，An Universal Dictionary of the Marine: Or, A Copious Explanation:

Our defensive line is too high.


welcome

源自中古英語 welcome、wolcume、wulcume、wilcume，源自古英語 wilcuma （“受欢迎的宾客”，亦对比 wilcume (“欢迎！”，叹词)），源自原始西日耳曼語 *willjakwemō，源自原始日耳曼語 *wiljakwemô (“期望的现身或宾客”)，可能源自*wiljakwemaną (“受欢迎”)，等价于will (“希望”) + come (“到达，来临，光临”)。该词下半部分的“宾客”一意不再为人所理解后，其中的wil-被替换为了wel-，可能是受到了副词well的影响。同源词包括低地蘇格蘭語 walcome、西弗里斯蘭語 wolkom、荷蘭語 welkom（早期形式willecome）、德語 willkommen、德國低地德語 willkamen、丹麥語 velkommen、書面挪威語 velkommen、新挪威語 velkomen、velkommen、瑞典語 välkommen、冰島語 velkominn、法羅語 vælkomin和古法語 wilecome（→中古法語 willecomme (“欢迎”)），源自日耳曼语族。
动词繼承自中古英語 welcomen、wolcumen、wilcumen，源自古英語 wellcumian、wylcumian、wilcumian (“欢迎”)。
类似构式亦出现于罗曼语族内，例如意大利語 benvenuto、西班牙語 bienvenido, 法語 bienvenu、加泰羅尼亞語 benvingut、葡萄牙語 bem-vindo和羅馬尼亞語 bun venit，意为“[希望您经历了]顺利的[旅途]到达[这里]”。它们并非派生自古典拉丁语词根（因为拉丁语中找不到类似的构式），而考虑到历史上日耳曼王国取代了西罗马帝国，其应该是从某日耳曼语族语言仿译进入了原始罗曼语（通俗拉丁语，见拉丁語 *bene venūtus；至于历史上类似的仿译，对比*perdōnō和compāniō）。

more welcome (comparative)
most welcome (superlative)

標準英音，通用美式，加拿大

標準英音，通用美式，加拿大

a welcome visitor

Refugees welcome to education!

When the glad soul is made Heaven's welcome guest.

1782, William Cowper, The Progress of Error

a welcome present;  welcome news

好礼（亦可能是“见面礼”）  好消息

You are welcome to the use of my library.

欢迎你随时使用我的图书馆。


Pacific

源自拉丁語 pācificus (“带来和平的”)，麦哲伦在驶过合恩角得以平安地渡过太平洋，因此他如此命名这片海洋。


fervent

:< 中古英語 < 古法語 < 拉丁語 fervens —— fervere （“煮沸，灼热”）的现在分词。

more fervent (comparative)
most fervent (superlative)


festival

:< 晚期拉丁語 fēstīvālis < 拉丁語 fēstīvus （“节日的”）。

more festival (comparative)
most festival (superlative)


fluorescent

more fluorescent (comparative)
most fluorescent (superlative)

/ˌflʊəˈɹɛsənt/

The fluorescent plants shimmered in the darkness.

发荧光的植物在黑暗中弱弱地发光。

The quality of fluorescent lighting technology has improved dramatically in recent years.

荧光技术的质量在近年来得到了很大的进展。

Her shirt was fluorescent orange.


foule

more foule (comparative)
most foule (superlative)

The Patron of true Holinesse
 foule Errour doth defeate;
 Hypocrisie him to entrappe
 doth to his home entreate.

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book I, Canto I”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


francophone

/ˈfɹæŋkɒfəʊn/


funeste

more funeste (comparative)
most funeste (superlative)

funest的另一種寫法


facile

:< 中古法語 facile < 拉丁語 facilis （“容易的，简单的”） < facere （“做”）。

more facile (comparative)
most facile (superlative)


gay

gayer (comparative)
gayest (superlative)


gratis

借自拉丁语gratis。


piano

源自意大利語 piano。

more piano (comparative)
most piano (superlative)

‘Tradecraft, Chris,’ Enderby put in, who liked his bit of jargon, and Martindale, still piano, shot him a glance of admiration.

1977, John Le Carré, The Honourable Schoolboy, Folio Society 2010, page 160:


cerise

借自法語 cerise（19世纪中叶），其本身源自通俗拉丁語 ceresia，源自拉丁語 cerasium。cherry的同源异形词。

more cerise (comparative)
most cerise (superlative)


abstract

more abstract (comparative)
abstracter (comparative)
most abstract (superlative)
abstractest (superlative)


anorexic

more anorexic (comparative)
most anorexic (superlative)

/ænəˈɹɛksɪk/


drowsy

源自drowse + -y，然而，drowsy的书面记录（1520年）早于drowse（1570年）。对比古英語 drūsian (“下垂，变得无精打采”)。

drowsier (comparative)
drowsiest (superlative)

I was feeling drowsy and so decided to make a cup of coffee to try to wake myself up.

我感觉好困，便想去冲杯咖啡让自己精神点。

让人困倦的，让人镇静的，催眠的

It was a warm, drowsy summer afternoon.

那是夏天一个温暖，让人打瞌睡的下午

drowsy medicine

The narrative throughout holds the reader; it Is not a drowsy book.


hoarse

源自中古英語 hors、hos，源自古英語 hās、*hārs，源自原始日耳曼語 *haisaz、*haisraz，与 古諾爾斯語 háss（北诺尔斯）heiss（东诺尔斯）（→冰島語 hás、新挪威語 hås、書面挪威語 hes以及瑞典語 hes）同源。

hoarser (comparative)
hoarsest (superlative)

I am old and my voice is hoarse […]

1945年August17日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，章號 1, in Animal Farm […]，London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:


insidious

源自中古法語 insidieux，源自拉丁語 īnsidiōsus (“狡猾的，欺诈的，骗人的”)，源自īnsidiae (“埋伏，伏击，诡计，奸计”) + -ōsus，源自īnsideō (“坐在..里或上”)，源自in (“里，上”) + sedeō (“坐”)。

more insidious (comparative)
most insidious (superlative)

暗中造成伤害的，潜伏的，有害且隐匿的

Strong and vigorous man as he looks, Livingstone has been for years the victim of a secret and insidious disease.

1847，George Lippard，The Quaker City: or, The monks of Monk-Hall:

At some point in time they may become the source of an insidious cancer.

1997，Matthew Wood，The book of herbal wisdom: using plants as medicine:

The nurse always must be alert to signs of slow leak or insidious infiltration.

2007，Sharon Weinstein，Ada Lawrence Plumer，Principles and practice of intravenous therapy:

The impact on rural communities of rail closures was acute, but I would argue that the worst outcome it created was the long-term diminishment of suburban capacity outside London, which has had a far more insidious effect on rail usage nationally.

2023年March8日，Gareth Dennis，“The Reshaping of things to come...”, in RAIL，期 978，頁 49:

Gashford slid his cold insidious palm into his master's grasp, and so, hand in hand, and followed still by Barnaby and by his mother too, they mingled with the concourse.

1841 February–November，Charles Dickens，“Barnaby Rudge”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock，卷 III, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, chapter 48，頁 215:

All these facts clearly appear to me now to establish that the sanctioned scheme was a part of a bigger and […] more insidious scheme which was to hoodwink the creditors and to firmly establish and consolidate the position […]

1948, D.V. Chitaley (editor or publisher), All India Reporter, volume 3, page 341:

The atmosphere of this insidious city comes out to meet him the moment he touches the European shore; for in London he meets Maria Gostrey just over from France.

1969，Dorothy Brewster，John Angus Burrell，Dead reckonings in fiction:

They all sought the President's views on the world situation in general and the Asian situation in particular. Without mincing words he would comment on his favorite theme, namely, the insidious scheme of the international Communists to conquer the free world.

1983，James C. H. Shen，“Rejoining the Government”, in The U.S. & Free China: How the U.S. Sold Out Its Ally，Washington, D.C.: Acropolis Books Ltd., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 28:

This seemed to her the worst defilement into which this insidious city had cheated her and in her agitation, she nearly ran into the latrine, […]

2005, Anita Desai, Voices in the City, page 189:

This is the insidious way sports entrap you: you follow a player, which commits you to his team. You begin to acquire scraps of utterly useless information about teammates, managers, owners, trainers, agents, lawyers.

2007，Joseph Epstein，Narcissus Leaves the Pool，頁 171:

Hansel and Gretel were lured by the witch’s insidious gingerbread house.

But with whom do you contract that alliance? With the natural enemy of France — that insidious house of Austria — which detests our country from feeling, system, and necessity.

1858，Phineas Camp Headley，The life of the Empress Josephine: first wife of Napoleon:

‘Believe me,’ he shouted, ‘these insidious folk talk dangerous nonsense. I hear they are spouting out their ridiculous platitudes not five miles from this park in which we are standing…’

1912，Ralph Straus，The prison without a wall:

The battle was lost due to the actions of insidious defectors.

因为有背叛者，所以这场战斗输了。


desolate

源自中古英語 desolate，源自拉丁語 dēsōlātus，dēsōlāre (“离开，使...孤独，蹂躏，使...人迹罕至”)的过去分词，源自sōlus (“独自的”)。

more desolate (comparative)
most desolate (superlative)

a desolate isle; a desolate wilderness; a desolate house

I will make Jerusalem […] a den of dragons, and I will make the cities of Judah desolate, without an inhabitant.

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 9:11:

And the silvery marish flowers that throng / The desolate creeks and pools among.

1830，Alfred Lord Tennyson，The Dying Swan:

desolate altars

He was left desolate by the early death of his wife.

他妻子的早死让他失去了希望。


abject

繼承自中古英語 abiect (“被拋棄的，可憐的”)，派生自拉丁語 abiectus，{{m|la|abiciō||扔掉，拋棄，拒絕} 的過去分詞，源自 ab- (“遠離”) + iaciō (“拋、丟”)。

abjecter (comparative)
more abject (comparative)
abjectest (superlative)
most abject (superlative)

悲惨绝望的，凄惨的，惨败的


able

:< 古法语 habile < 拉丁语 habilis < 拉丁语 habeō。

abler (comparative)
ablest (superlative)


crash

:< 中古英语 crasschen（碎裂）。更古的词源未知。可能为拟声词。


diet

源自中古英語 diet、dyet、diete，源自古法語 diete，源自中世紀拉丁語 dieta (“养生；集会”)，源自拉丁語 diaeta，源自古希臘語 δίαιτα (díaita)。

lite

简化版的，精简的，迷你的

健康的，低脂、低盐、低糖的

diet soda

Many grocery chains offer premium-priced lean or diet hamburger; but the fat content is usually at least 10 percent, sometimes 15 percent or more.

1982，Consumer Guide，Dieter's Complete Guide to Calories, Carbohydrates, Sodiums, Fats & Cholesterol，頁 18:

The difference in weight (mass) of the regular and the diet drink of the same brand roughly equals to the amount of sugar in the regular drink.

1998，Andy Sae，Chemical Magic from the Grocery Store:

Diet Light (Pizarro 724; snacks S2-7; 9:30am-10pm)
This perennially busy place serves not-very-diet, but yummy nonetheless, ice cream (S2 to S5) and whopping servings of mixed fruit (S3) – with ice cream.

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:diet。

简化版的，精简的，迷你的

You folks reduce it to the bible only as being authoritative, impoverishing the faith. "Christianity Lite", diet Christianity for those who can't handle the Whole Meal.


liberal

:< 古法語 liberal < 拉丁語 liberalis < liber （“自由的”）。

more liberal (comparative)
most liberal (superlative)

宽宏大度的；心胸宽阔的；开明的

（政治经济上）自由的，开明的；支持（社会、政治或宗教）变革的

（旧时）英国自由党的；（英国以外国家）自由党的

慷慨的；大方的；大量给予的

不完全准确的；不精确的；不严格的


moral

源自拉丁文有关风俗、习惯的的意思

a. (无比较级、最高级) (可做善恶标准之) 道德 (上) 的,伦理的

(无比较级、最高级)能辨别善恶的

a. 合乎道德的,品行端正的; (在性方面) 纯洁的,贞节的,检点的

(无比较级、最高级) (非基于法律或一般习惯而) 基于道义的,基于良心的; 诉诸心灵 [精神,意志] 的,心灵上的,精神上

可确信的,可认为确实的,事实上的


nowhere

源自中古英語 nowher，再自古英語 nōhwēr、nāhwǣr，即 nā- + hwǣr，相當於現代英語的 no + where。


patient

源自中古英語 pacient，源自中古法語 patient，源自古法語 pacient，源自拉丁語 patiens，patior (“受苦；忍耐”)的现在分词，源自原始印歐語 *peh₁- (“恨；伤”)。

patienter (comparative)
more patient (comparative)
patientest (superlative)
most patient (superlative)

Be patient: your friends will arrive in a few hours.

耐心点，你朋友过几个小时就来了。

Asari Cultural VI: Due to our lifespan-sometimes reaching 1,000 years of age-we are patient in our decisions, and prefer long-term solutions over short-term gains.

2017，BioWare，Mass Effect: Andromeda (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC，幕：Nexus:

耐心的，坚持的，持之以恒的

patient endeavour

a patient wait

patient analysis

Whatever I have done […] is due to […] patient thought.

c. 1692, Sir Isaac Newton, letter to Dr. Richard Bentley

“Her personal life and her art were very intertwined: You can’t really separate them,” explains Sophia Jansson. “She mirrored her own a reality onto a fictional reality.” And this is perhaps the nub of the Moomin’s enduring appeal: a combination of adventuresome spirit and philosophy, all of which Jansson derived from close and patient observation, of human relationships and of the natural world alike.

December 15, 2016, Hettie Judah in the New York Times, Beloved Children’s-Book Characters, in Their Own Immersive World

In contrast, the Westminster Gazette in 1912 was much more positive about railway staff, praising the "...army of porters hustling and bustling hither and thither with barrows groaning under the weight of bags and baggage and... the ever-patient and long-suffering guards, courteously giving information and advice to the querulous passengers... to the porter the Christmas season means a continuous round of heavy labour, extremely tiring to both nerves and temper, and this fact the public too often seem either to forget or ignore."

2022年December14日，David Turner，“The Edwardian Christmas getaway...”, in RAIL，期 972，頁 35:

To this outward structure was joined that strength of constitution, patient of severest toil and hardship; insomuch that for the most part of his life, in the fiercest extremity of cold, he took no other advantage of a fire, than at the greatest distance that he could, to look upon it.

1661，John Fell，“Doctor Henry Hammond”, in Ecclesiastical Biography，卷 5, 出版於 1810，頁 380:


curious

more curious (comparative)
most curious (superlative)


urgent

more urgent (comparative)
most urgent (superlative)

紧急的，急迫的，迫切的，急切的


net

净得的、纯的、总的、最后的


blond

:源自中古法语 blond（阳）／blonde（阴） < 古法语 blond、blont， 为日耳曼语源，源自法兰克语 *blund（介于金与浅棕的颜色） < 原始日耳曼语 *blund-（混杂的、刺眼的） < 原始印欧语 *bhlendh-（变浊、变盲）。 对比古英语 blondenfeax（灰发的）、古英语 blandan（混合）。 见英语 blend。
:也可能源自法兰克语 *blund < 原始日耳曼语 *blundaz（金发的） < 原始印欧语 *bhlndh-, *bhlendh-（金发的、红头发的）。 与梵语 bradhná（红色的、淡红的、黄色的）同源。

（人的毛发）金黄色的、亚麻色的、金色的


blonde

blond/blonde 作形容词时，随性别而发生形式变化：She is a blonde woman. He is a blond man.


zero

源自法語 zéro，源自意大利語 zero，源自中世紀拉丁語 zephirum，源自 阿拉伯語 صِفْر (ṣifr，“什么都没有, 暗号”)。

She showed zero respect.


characteristic

源自古希臘語 χαρακτηριστικός (kharaktēristikós)，χαρακτηρίζω (kharaktērízō, “按特征标记”)，χαρακτήρ（kharaktḗr, “记号，符号”）。

more characteristic (comparative)
most characteristic (superlative)

/ˌkæɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk/

/ˌkɛɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk/

（事物或人）特有的，独特的，特性的


aberrant

借自拉丁語 aberrāns，aberrō 的現在主動分詞，源自 ab (“from”) + errō (“漫遊；徘徊”)。另見 aberr。

more aberrant (comparative)
most aberrant (superlative)


absurd

首见于1557年。来自中古法語 absurde，来自拉丁語 absurdus (“不協調的，不和諧的”)，来自ab (“遠離，出”) + surdus (“沉默的，耳聾的，沉悶的”)。对比surd。

absurder (comparative)
more absurd (comparative)
absurdest (superlative)
most absurd (superlative)


accessory

首见于1550年代。来自中古英語 accessorie，来自中世紀拉丁語 accessōrius，来自拉丁語 accessor (“幫手，下屬”)，来自accessus。对比access，来自同一词根。

more accessory (comparative)
most accessory (superlative)

副的，附屬的，輔助的，次要的


acquaint

来自中古英語 aqueinten，acointen，来自古法語 acointier，来自晚期拉丁語 accognitāre，来自拉丁語 ad + cognitus，cognoscere (“知道”)的過去分詞，来自con- + noscere (“知道”)。见quaint、know。

熟悉的；认识的；了解的；有知识的


arduous

源自拉丁語 arduus (“高耸的，险峻的，难以企及的，困难的，费事的”)，与愛爾蘭語 ard (“高的”)有关。

more arduous (comparative)
most arduous (superlative)

/ˈɑːd͡ʒuːəs/

/ˈɑːɹd͡ʒuəs/

The movement towards a peaceful settlement has been a long and arduous political struggle.

这个和平解决争端的努力是一场费时费力的政治斗争。

Chelsea survived and can now turn their attentions to the Champions League final against Bayern Munich in Germany later this month as they face an increasingly arduous task to finish in the Premier League's top four.

2012年May5日，Phil McNulty，“Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:arduous。

Where flames the arduous Spirit of Isidore.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1805-1814, Dante, Henry Francis Cary (translator), The Divine Comedy

（因陡峭，险峻等）难以越过的

Beyond the river, an arduous slope rises 3286 feet in 13 miles.

1974，Sue Bowder，The American biking atlas & touring guide，頁 77:

Mike looked up from the arduous mountain trail. They'd been climbing for five hours and he was beginning to feel irritable.

1999, Scott Ciencin, Mike Fredericks, Dinoverse:

Survivor reaches as many as 28 million viewers who watch contestants win a new Pontiac or guzzle Mountain Dew after scaling an arduous cliff.

2006，Jack W. Plunkett，Plunkett's Entertainment & Media Industry Almanac 2006:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:arduous。


articulate

more articulate (comparative)
most articulate (superlative)

（尤指話語、發音）清晰的，清楚的；音節分明的；能說會道的，口齒伶俐的


brilliant

光辉的；卓越的；光明的；燦爛的；輝煌的，金刚石


brim

more brim (comparative)
most brim (superlative)


callous

源自拉丁語 callōsus (“皮肤硬的”)，源自callum (“硬的皮肤”) + -ōsus。

more callous (comparative)
most callous (superlative)

冷淡的，无情的，铁石心肠的

She was so callous that she could criticise a cancer patient for wearing a wig.

她无情到会因为癌症病人戴假发而责备他。

Re-watching some of the audition rounds of these shows now, you're struck by how callous the judges' comments often were, and how they presented a cruel spectacle in which the audience were set up to laugh at the "deluded" members of the public who believed they could sing.

2021年September15日，Laura Martin，“How talent shows became TV's most bizarre programmes”, in BBC:


candid

源自拉丁語 candidus (“白色的”)。

candider (comparative)
candidest (superlative)

He knew not where to look for faithful advice, efficient aid, or candid judgement.

1884，Washington Irving，The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus:

Asked about the Brexit vote, the candid president told Marr: «I am not the one to judge or comment on the decision of your people.»

21 January 2018, Oli Smith, in The Sunday Express

My candid opinion was that it was all rubbish!

1871, unknown translator, Jules Verne (original), A Journey To The Center Of The Earth

没有演习过的，未事先筹划的（照片等）

Will the introduction of supplementary flash or flood intrude on a candid picture situation or ruin the mood?


capillary

源自拉丁語 capillāris (“与毛发有关的”)，源自capillus (“头发”)，源自caput (“头”)。

more capillary (comparative)
most capillary (superlative)

/ˈkæpɪˌlɛɹi/

/ˈkæpɪˌlɛɹi/

表面张力的，与表面张力有关的

毛细血管的，与毛细血管有关的


casual

more casual (comparative)
most casual (superlative)


caustic

源自拉丁語 causticus (“腐蚀性的”)，源自καυστικός (kaustikós，“腐蚀性的”)。

more caustic (comparative)
most caustic (superlative)

"How now!" said Scrooge, caustic and cold as ever.

The bargain was not concluded as easily as might have been expected though, for Scadder was caustic and ill-humoured, and cast much unnecessary opposition in the way

Madame Beck esteemed me learned and blue; Miss Fanshawe, caustic, ironic, and cynical

The Secretary and the Assistant-Secretaries would say little caustic things about him to the senior clerks, and seemed somewhat to begrudge him his new honours.

this set of worthies, who were only too prone to shut up their emotions with caustic words.

1886，Thomas Hardy，The Mayor of Casterbridge:

The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became her old self again;[…]。 Our table in the dining-room became again the abode of scintillating wit and caustic repartee, Farrar bracing up to his old standard, and the demand for seats in the vicinity rose to an animated competition.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年），Winston Churchill，章號 8, in The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

though he came too late / To join the martyrs, there was still a place / Among the tempters for a caustic tongue / / To test the resolution of the young / With tales of the small failings of the great


conscientious

more conscientious (comparative)
most conscientious (superlative)

/ˌkɒnʃiˈɛnʃəs/

/ˌkɑnʃiˈɛnʃəs/

认真的，用心的，谨慎的，投入的

He was a thoughtful and conscientious worker.

他是一位考虑周到，工作认真的工人

The advice of wise and conscientious women.

聪慧而有良知的女性的建议


conspicuous

源自拉丁語 conspicuus (“可见的，引人注目的”)，源自cōnspicere (“注意到”)，源自con- (“与，和”) + specere (“看”)。

more conspicuous (comparative)
most conspicuous (superlative)

He was conspicuous by his absence.

“No, don't,” replied the superintendent; “in fact, I'd rather you made yourself conspicuous elsewhere. Go down to the landing stage and cross to New Brighton or Wallasey—doesn't matter which—and come back. No doubt you will be seen, and reported to have gone across.”

1928，Lawrence R. Bourne，章號 7, in Well Tackled!:

[...] 1. Handsignalmen, where needed, ought to wear a conspicuous orange/yellow cape (like many road workmen) to draw attention to them.

1964 April，“Letters: Rethinking emergency procedures”, in Modern Railways，頁 274:

(因不好，难看而) 显眼的，扎眼的，突出的

He had a conspicuous lump on his forehead.

For his height he had a small face. The combination made him conspicuous.

1969, Saul Bellow, Mr Sammler's Planet, Penguin Books Ltd, page 6:


copious

源自中古英語 copious，源自拉丁語 copiosus，源自copia (“富余”)，等价于co- + ops (“财富”) + -osus (“充满...的”)。By surface analysis, copy + -ous。

more copious (comparative)
most copious (superlative)

大量的，丰富的，富余的；非常的

He drank a copious amount of vodka, and passed out.

他喝了好多伏特加，然后昏过去了。


cordial

繼承自中古英語 cordial，源自古法語 cordial，源自中世紀拉丁語 cordiālis (“心的”)，源自cor (“心”)。

more cordial (comparative)
most cordial (superlative)

/ˈkɔɹ.d͡ʒəl/

He, on his side / Leaning half raised, with looks of cordial love / Hung over her enamoured.

1667，John Milton，“(please specify the book number)”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

The relations between the Earl of Bellomont and Colonel Schuyler were formal, but not cordial from the first.

1885，George Washington Schuyler，Colonial New York: Philip Schuyler and His Family，C. Scribner's Sons:

Who stooping op'n'd my left side, and took / From thence a Rib with cordial spirits warm, / And Life-blood streaming fresh;


covert

源自中古英語 covert，源自古法語 covert，covrir (“盖”)（对应于拉丁語 coopertus）的过去分词，与cover同源。

more covert (comparative)
most covert (superlative)

Within that wood there was a covert glade, / Foreby a narrow foord, to them well knowne […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.5:

whether of open war or covert guile

是巧施锦囊妙计，还是公开宣战

1667，John Milton，“Book 2”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

The use of algorithms in policing is one example of their increasing influence on our lives.[…]who, if anyone, is policing their use[?] Such concerns were sharpened further by the continuing revelations about how the US National Security Agency (NSA) has been using algorithms to help it interpret the colossal amounts of data it has collected from its covert dragnet of international telecommunications.

2013年July26日，Leo Hickman，“How algorithms rule the world”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 7，頁 26:

[…] a separate use for a woman cannot be created unless she is covert, or unless in immediate contemplation of her marriage.

1880, Weekly Notes of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, the County Courts of Philadelphia, and the United States District and Circuit Courts for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, page 292:

[…] in the second case, as long as the woman is covert she cannot anticipate the income, and a mere alienation of her interest is not an attempt to anticipate.

1890, Albert Gibson, Robert McLean, Law Notes, page 77:

Being advised of the fact that the woman is covert, he stands charged with a knowledge of her disability . A married woman has no power to deal as principal if she is in fact a surety […]

1906, Abraham Clark Freeman, The American State Reports: Containing the Cases of General Value and Authority Subsequent to Those Contained in the "American Decisions" [1760-1869] and the "American Reports" [1869-1887] Decided in the Courts of Last Resort of the Several States [1886-1911], page 305:


coward

源自中古英語 coward，源自古法語 coart、cuard（→法語 couard），源自coue、coe (“尾巴”) + -ard (贬义施动者名词后缀)。其中，coue、coe，源自拉丁語 cauda。可能指的是动物“转尾巴的方向或夹着尾巴（逃跑）”，尤其是狗。与英語 cower无关。取代了本土词古英語 earg。

more coward (comparative)
most coward (superlative)

He rais’d the house with loud and coward cries.

大約1605 William Shakespeare, King Lear, Act II, Scene 4,

Invading Fears repel my Coward Joy;

1709, Matthew Prior, “Celia to Damon” in Poems on Several Occasions, London: Jacob Tonson, 2nd edition, p. 89,


deleterious

more deleterious (comparative)
most deleterious (superlative)

/ˌdɛlɪˈtɪəɹi.əs/

/ˌdɪlɪˈtɪəɹi.əs/


destitute

more destitute (comparative)
most destitute (superlative)

缺少...的，没有...的

Now, though this region may scarcely be said to be wedded to science, being to all intents a virgin territory as respects the enquirer into natural history, still it is greatly destitute of the treasures of the vegetable kingdom.

1827, James Fenimore Cooper, The Prairie Chapter 9

In thee is my trust; leave not my soul destitute.

In 1907 he moved from St. Louis to New York City, arriving as a famous composer. But he died a decade later at the age of 49, destitute in an asylum on Wards Island as ragtime was fading in popularity.

May 24, 2018, Alex Vadukul in The New York Times, The Forgotten Entertainer Rag

according to the most careful estimates, 3,950,000 destitute peoples, mostly women and children who had been driven many of them as far as one thousand miles from home, turn their pitiful faces toward America for help in the reconstructive period in which we are now living.

1918, Henry Leyford Gates translating Aurora Mardiganian, Ravished Armenia

‘Do you know how pinched and destitute I am?’ she retorted. ‘I do not think you do, or can. If you had eyes, and could look around you on this poor place, you would have pity on me. […] ’

1841, Charles Dickens、Barnaby Rudge, Chapter 45


dilute

源自拉丁語 dīlūtus，源自dīluere (“冲掉，溶解，使...融化，冲淡”)，源自dī-、dis- (“离，走”) + luere (“洗”)。参见lave，对比deluge。

more dilute (comparative)
most dilute (superlative)

Clean the panel with a dilute, neutral cleaner.

用低浓度、中性清洁剂清洗面板。

a dilute calico

a cat with a dilute tortoiseshell coat

這隻貓的毛是淡色玳瑁花紋狀的


dismal

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 dismal，源自古法語（li）dis mals（“不好的日子”），源自中世紀拉丁語 diēs (“日子”) mālī (“不好的”)。

more dismal (comparative)
most dismal (superlative)

灾难性的，惨痛的，糟糕的

He received a dismal compensation.

The storm made for a dismal weekend

由于风暴来袭，周末变得很阴郁。

She was lost in dismal thoughts of despair

So, after a spell, he decided to make the best of it and shoved us into the front parlor. 'Twas a dismal sort of place, with hair wreaths, and wax fruit, and tin lambrekins, and land knows what all. It looked like a tomb and smelt pretty nigh as musty and dead-and-gone.

1913，Joseph C. Lincoln，章號 12, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:


Egyptian

/ɪˈdʒɪp.ʃən/


elegant

源自中古法語 elegant，最终源自拉丁語 elegans。

more elegant (comparative)
most elegant (superlative)

You could just use ordinary shop-bought kecap manis to marinade the meat, but making your own is easy, has a far more elegant fragrance and is, above all, such a great brag! Flavouring kecap manis is an intensely personal thing, so try this version now and next time cook the sauce down with crushed, split lemongrass and a shredded lime leaf.

2015年October27日，Matt Preston，The Simple Secrets to Cooking Everything Better，Plum, →ISBN，頁 192:

簡單明瞭的，淺顯易懂的，利索的

an elegant solution

'An' how are ye, Jemmie—how's every inch iv you?' enquired Moggy of the boy, when his agitation was a little blown over.
'I'm elegant, thank ye,' he answered; 'an' what's the matther wid ye all? I cum through the kitchen, and seen no one.'

1863，Sheridan Le Fanu，The House by the Churchyard:


elucidate

古典借詞，源自晚期拉丁語 ēlūcidātus (“照亮的；被照亮过的；（比喻义）得到启发的”)（详见词源1）+ 英語 -ate (构成表示以某种事物为特征的形容词的后缀)。

more elucidate (comparative)
most elucidate (superlative)

清楚的，明确的，易于理解的

There vvas not a greater Maſter of Perſpicuity, and elucidate Diſtinctions; vvhich look'd the better in his [John Williams'] Engliſh, that ran ſvveet upon his Tongue, eſpecially being ſet out vvith a graceful Facetiouſneſs, that hit the joint of the Matter: For his VVit, and his Judgment, never parted.

a. 1671 (date written)，John Hacket，Scrinia Reserata: A Memorial Offer’d to the Great Deservings of John Williams, D.D. […]，part I, In the Savoy [London]: […] Edw[ard] Jones, for Samuel Lowndes, […], 出版於 1693, →OCLC, paragraph 46，頁 39:


eminent

源自中古法語 éminent，源自拉丁語现在分词ēminēns、ēminentis，源自动词ēmineō (“伸出，突出”)，源自ex- (“自，从”) + mineō，与mons有关（→英語 mount），对比imminent。与emanate无关，其源自mānō (“流动”)。

more eminent (comparative)
most eminent (superlative)

distinguished

重要的，卓越的，优秀的，著名的

noteworthy

重要的，卓越的，优秀的，著名的

eminent和imminent发音非常相似，且弱押韵，在某些方言中可能会被混淆。输入两词时打错字母可能会导致拼写检查软件纠正为错误的单词。eminent还有可能与immanent、immanant或emanate相混淆。

His eminent good sense has been a godsend to this project.

他杰出的判断力给了他项目很大的帮助。

重要的，卓越的，优秀的，著名的

In later years, the professor became known as an eminent historian.

在晚年，那位教授以杰出的历史学家的身份而出名。

“So. Miss Alice. Are you game?” The question is posed by an eminent novelist of about 70, who has sat on a Manhattan park bench and struck up conversation with a young woman reading a book.

2018年February28日，Justine Jordan，“Asymmetry by Lisa Halliday review – a dizzying debut”, in The Guardian:


empirical

more empirical (comparative)
most empirical (superlative)

/ɪmˈpɪɹɪkəl/

theoretical

以经验为依据的，以实战为依据的，经验主义的

以经验为依据的，以实战为依据的，经验主义的

The lengths were calculated according to the empirical rules of the trade.

长度是根据贸易的经验规则计算得来的。

For some presumptive diagnoses, empirical antibiotic therapy begins immediately, whereas specific antibiotic therapy must await the results of the culture and sensitivity test.

针对这些假设性的诊断结果，将立即开始经验性的抗生素治疗，而针对性的抗生素治疗需等待培养和敏感性测试的结果再开始。

The village carpenter […] lays out his work by empirical rules learnt in his apprenticeship.

demonstrable with empirical evidence


endemic

源自古希臘語 ἐν (en，“...里”) + δῆμος (dêmos，“人民”)。可能经由ἔνδημος (éndēmos，“自己民族间的，家里的，本土的”)和/或法語 endémique。

endemic疾病是仅出现于某地区的疾病，且可能出现频率较低，而epidemic疾病则是流行性疾病，范围广，出现频率高。而sporadic疾病则是偶尔以低频率出现的疾病。

The endemic religion of Easter Island arrived with the Polynesian settlers.

复活节岛特有的宗教是波利西亚移民带来的。

Kangaroos are endemic to Australia.

袋鼠是澳大利亚特有的动物。

地方性的，（某地）特有的

Malaria is endemic to the tropics.

疟疾是热带地区的地方性疾病。

These problems are endemic to the theory of thematic roles as currently conceived, because the classification it implies simply does not correspond to legitimate linguistic semantic definitions.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1998, Gillian Catriona Ramchand, Deconstructing the Lexicon, in Miriam Butt and Wilhelm Geuder, eds. “The Projection of Arguments”

In a country where corruption is endemic, no evidence has been presented that Ms Yingluck took any money from the rice scheme, which in 2012 and 2013 cost Thailand billions of dollars. But a state-appointed committee last year ordered her to pay the fine, finding she was to blame, even though it was government policy.

2017 July 26，Lindsay Murdoch，“Yingluck Shinawatra, Thailand's first female PM, faces financial ruin and jail”, in The Sydney Morning Herald;:


epidemic

more epidemic (comparative)
most epidemic (superlative)

/ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/


extraterrestrial

more extraterrestrial (comparative)
most extraterrestrial (superlative)


Fahrenheit

源自德語 Fahrenheit，以普鲁士科学家Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit命名。

For example, in the Fahrenheit scale 212°F is the boiling point of water.

2021，Claire Cock-Starkey，Hyphens & Hashtags，Bodleian Library，頁 142:

同類詞：Celsius、kelvin


familiar

熟悉的；通晓的；亲密的，交情好的。


feeble

源自中古英語 feble，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 feble (“弱的”)（对比法語 faible），源自拉丁語 flēbilis (“哭泣的，哀伤的”)。foible 的同源對似詞。

feebler (comparative)
feeblest (superlative)

Though she appeared old and feeble, she could still throw a ball.

虽然她看起来已老态龙钟，但还是有力气可以扔个球。

France were transformed from the feeble, divided unit that had squeaked past Wales in the semi-final, their half-backs finding the corners with beautifully judged kicks from hand, the forwards making yards with every drive and a reorganised Kiwi line-out beginning to malfunction.

2011年October23日，Tom Fordyce，“2011 Rugby World Cup final: New Zealand 8-7 France”, in BBC Sport:

That was a feeble excuse for an example.

比如那就是个站不住脚的借口。


furious

more furious (comparative)
most furious (superlative)

/ˈfjʊə.ɹɪəs/


gigantic

源自古希臘語 γιγαντικός (gigantikós)，最終來自 γίγας (gígas)。根據 Poly-Olbion project 由Michael Drayton在1612造出。

more gigantic (comparative)
most gigantic (superlative)

/d͡ʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/


ginger

来自中古英語 gingere，gingivere 的变体，来自古英語 gingifer、gingiber（受古法語 gingembre 的影響），來自中世紀拉丁語 gingiber、zingiber，源自拉丁語 zingiberi，源自晚期古希臘語 ζιγγίβερις (zingíberis)，源自首羅犀那語 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭 (siṃgivera)，源自梵語 शृङ्गवेर (śṛṅgavera)（受 शृङ्ग (śṛṅga，“角”) 的影響），源自原始達羅毗荼語 *cinki-wēr，最终源自原始漢藏語 *kjaŋ (“薑”)。

more ginger (comparative)
most ginger (superlative)

/ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/

a ginger tomcat


hectic

源自中古英語 etik、ethik，源自古法語 etique，源自中世紀拉丁語 *hecticus，源自古希臘語 ἑκτικός (hektikós，“习惯的，繁忙的，消耗性的”)，源自ἕξις (héxis，“（身体或精神的）状态，条件”)，源自ἔχειν (ékhein，“有；在（某种状态下）”)。

more hectic (comparative)
most hectic (superlative)

The city center is so hectic at 8 in the morning that I go to work an hour beforehand to avoid the crowds

市中心在早上8点的时候太繁忙了，我得提前一个小时通勤来避开拥挤的人群。

hectic fever


impartial

more impartial (comparative)
most impartial (superlative)

/ɪmˈpɑɹ.ʃəl/

neutral

公正的，公平的，无偏见的

fair

公正的，公平的，无偏见的

partial

公正的，公平的，无偏见的

biased

公正的，公平的，无偏见的

unfair

公正的，公平的，无偏见的

公正的，公平的，无偏见的


incredible

/ɪŋˈkɹɛdəbəl/

/ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbəl/


initial

2021年January21日，Alan Feuer, Nicole Long，“The First Capitol Riot Arrests Were Easy. The Next Ones Will Be Tougher.”, in New York Times:
An initial wave of arrests was based on news accounts and social media.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
 起初一波逮捕，是基于新闻记载和社交媒体的。

the initial word of the article
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯） 文章头一个词


laden

more laden (comparative)
most laden (superlative)

装满了的，充满了的，负了重担的


lame

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-lame.wav


legible

源自晚期拉丁語 legibilis (“可以阅读的东西”)，源自拉丁語 legō。

more legible (comparative)
most legible (superlative)

clean

清晰可读的 （尤指字迹）

clear

清晰可读的 （尤指字迹）

decipherable

清晰可读的 （尤指字迹）

fair

清晰可读的 （尤指字迹）

readable

清晰可读的 （尤指字迹）

illegible

清晰可读的 （尤指字迹）

unreadable

清晰可读的 （尤指字迹）

清晰可读的 （尤指字迹）

Despite hardly having any energy to lift a pen, she left a legible note on the paper.

尽管她几乎没有力气拿起笔了，但她还是在纸上留下了一条清晰的笔记。

You can make this program code more legible by using meaningful variable names.

你可以多用点有意义的变量名来增加这段代码的易读性。


legitimate

more legitimate (comparative)
most legitimate (superlative)


lunar

月亮的；似月的
參見：luna


melon

来自中古英語 meloun，melon，来自古法語 melon，来自晚期拉丁語 melonem，来自拉丁語 melopeponem (“一种南瓜”)，来自古希臘語 μηλοπέπων (mēlopépōn)，来自μῆλον (mêlon，“苹果”) + πέπων (pépōn，“成熟的”)。


meticulous

源自拉丁語 meticulōsus (“畏惧的，胆怯的，可怕的，惊人的”)，源自metus (“恐惧”)和-culōsus，后半部分取自perīculōsus (“危险的”)。“谨小慎微的”一意源自法語 méticuleux。

more meticulous (comparative)
most meticulous (superlative)

meticulous search

meticulous investigation

meticulous knowledge

meticulous report

The meticulous care with which the operation in Sicily was planned has paid dividends. Our casualties in men, in ships and materiel have been low—in fact, far below our estimate.

1943，Franklin D. Roosevelt，Roosevelt's Fireside Chat, 28 July 1943:


mortal

more mortal (comparative)
most mortal (superlative)

必死的, 不能永生的, 终将死亡的

致命的, 致死的, 导致死亡的

（害怕、恐惧）极端的，非常大的


naive

借自法語 naïve，naïf的阴性形式，源自拉丁語 nativus (“本土的，天然的”)。native 的同源對似詞。

more naive (comparative)
most naive (superlative)

Google Ngram Viewer数据显示，naive在历史上比naïve更为常用，但后者在2000年以后开始逐渐被广泛使用，达到了前者的程度。但是不清楚Viewer是否能正确扫描该变音符。

词典收录情况：naive收录于梅里厄姆-韦伯斯特、AHD、柯林斯、麦克米伦、剑桥与《牛津英语词典》内。 naïve收录于梅里厄姆-韦伯斯特（作为变体）、AHD、柯林斯（作为变体）、麦克米伦（作为变体）、剑桥（作为变体）、《牛津英语词典》（作为变体）与Century 1911内。

美国政府出版局手册称“变音符号不适用于英语化的单词中”，并提到了naive和naivete两词。

“Guardian and Observer style guide”中的naive、naively和naivety均不带变音符号。

naïve中的分音符用于表示两个音节分开发音。

naïve在法语中是阴性形容词，阳性形式naïf或naif有时在英语中用来形容男性，但是一般来说naive/naïve更常作中性使用。

幼稚的；涉世未深的，不成熟的；天真的，纯朴的

I am sixteen going on seventeen, I know that I'm naive

1965，Richard Rogers, Oscar Hammerstein II （作曲作詞）, “Going on Seventeen”, in The Sound of Music:

The salarians believed the genophage would be used as a deterrent, a position the turians viewed as naive. Once the project was complete, the turians mass produced and deployed it. The krogan homeworld, their colonies, and all occupied worlds were infected.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, 經由 PC, →ISBN, →OCLC，幕：Krogan: Genophage Codex entry:

Animals entering shelters are either (a) immunologically naïve and susceptible to infection and development of disease if exposed to pathogens; (b) already immune […]

2011, Lila Miller, Kate Hurley, Infectious Disease Management in Animal Shelters

By 1921 when Miró painted his key work, naive painting had been recognized by the avantgarde art world as a genre in its own right.

We have experiments of running our matching algorithm and a naive matching algorithm for such a term tree and a tree, and have compared the performance of the two algorithms.

2007，Takao Terano, Huan Liu, & Arbee L.P. Chen，Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, →ISBN:


naïve

naïver (comparative)
more naïve (comparative)
naïvest (superlative)
most naïve (superlative)

naive的另一種拼寫法


oblivious

源自中古英語 oblivious，源自拉丁語 oblīviōsus (“健忘的，不知道的”)，oblīvium (“健忘，无知”) + -ōsus (“充满...的，过于...的，倾向于...的”)，源自oblīvīscor (“忘记”)。

more oblivious (comparative)
most oblivious (superlative)

不知道的，没有意识到的，没有察觉到的，麻木的


obscure

obscurer (comparative)
more obscure (comparative)
obscurest (superlative)
most obscure (superlative)


obstinate

源自中古英語 obstinate、obstinat，源自拉丁語 obstinātus，obstinō (“下定决心”)的过去分词，源自ob (“前”) + *stinare，源自stare (“站”)。ostinato 的同源對似詞。

more obstinate (comparative)
most obstinate (superlative)

From this consideration it is that we have derived the custom, in times of war, to punish […] those who are obstinate to defend a place that by the rules of war is not tenable […]

1686，Montaigne，譯者 Charles Cotton, That men are justly punished for being obstinate in the defence of a fort that is not in reason to be defended:

[…] the junior Osborne was quite as obstinate as the senior: when he wanted a thing, quite as firm in his resolution to get it; and quite as violent when angered, as his father in his most stern moments

1847 January – 1848 July，William Makepeace Thackeray，章號 21, in Vanity Fair. A Novel without a Hero，London: Bradbury and Evans, […], 出版於 1848, →OCLC:

牢固的，难以移动的，顽固的；棘手的

Now it happened that Kasturbai […] had again begun getting haemorrhage, and the malady seemed to be obstinate.

1925-29, Mahadev Desai (translator), M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, Part IV, Chapter XXIX,


ominous

源自拉丁語 ominosus (“充满预感的”)，源自omen (“禁果；征兆”)，源自os (“嘴”) + -men。

more ominous (comparative)
most ominous (superlative)


painstaking

more painstaking (comparative)
most painstaking (superlative)

苦干的，艰苦的，费力的，刻苦的


palliative

源自中古法語 palliatif，源自新拉丁語 *palliātīvus，源自中世紀拉丁語 palliō (“遮盖”)，源自拉丁語 pallium (“披风”)。

more palliative (comparative)
most palliative (superlative)

缓和的，姑息的，权宜的，临时的


pandemic

more pandemic (comparative)
most pandemic (superlative)

流行的，传染的，广泛传播的


peculiar

源自拉丁語 pecūliāris (“自己的”)，源自pecūlium (“私人财产”)，源自pecus (“牛”)。

more peculiar (comparative)
most peculiar (superlative)

odd

怪异的，离奇的，不寻常的

strange

怪异的，离奇的，不寻常的

uncommon

怪异的，离奇的，不寻常的

unusual

怪异的，离奇的，不寻常的

specific

（在某地或某场合）特有的，特定于...的

common

怪异的，离奇的，不寻常的

mediocre

怪异的，离奇的，不寻常的

ordinary

怪异的，离奇的，不寻常的

usual

怪异的，离奇的，不寻常的

common

（在某地或某场合）特有的，特定于...的

general

（在某地或某场合）特有的，特定于...的

universal

（在某地或某场合）特有的，特定于...的

怪异的，离奇的，不寻常的

The sky had a peculiar appearance before the storm.

风暴之前天空的样子很奇怪。

It would be rather peculiar to see a kangaroo hopping down a city street.

看到袋鼠在市里的街上跳着走很奇怪。

I saw nothing peculiar in his conduct, and thought that his arrangement of the ballot box was perfect.

1800，The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints，The Deseret Weekly，卷 41，頁 379:

"Wasn't it peculiar," I heard mother say, "How he wouldn't talk about himself?"
"Peculiar?" said father. "Well, yes, in a way."
"Everything about him is peculiar." Mother sounded as if she was stirred up and interested. "I never saw a man quite like him before."

（在某地或某场合）特有的，特定于...的

Kangaroos are peculiar to Australia.

袋鼠是澳大利亚特有的动物。

This philosopher found his ideas especially in all that is practical,^([29]) that is, which rests upon freedom, which in its turn ranks under cognitions that are the peculiar product of reason.

1855，Meiklejohn, John Miller Dow, transl.，Critique of Pure Reason，卷 1, division 2, 根據Immanuel KantCritik der reinen Vernunft改編的翻譯作品:

As soon as that operation has taken place, the food is passed down to the stomach, and there it is mixed with the chemical fluid called the gastric juice, a substance which has the peculiar property of making soluble and dissolving out the nutritious matter in the grass, and leaving behind those parts which are not nutritious;

But of late years extensive Tertiary deposits of Miocene age have been discovered, showing that it is not a mere congeries of volcanoes; it [Iceland] is connected with the British Islands and with Greenland by seas less than 500 fathoms deep; and it possesses a few mammalia, one of which is peculiar, and at least three peculiar species of birds.

1895，Alfred Russel Wallace，“XX: Anomalous Islands: Celebes”, in Island Life:

Who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works.

hymns […] that Christianity hath peculiar unto itself

1597，Richard Hooker，Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie:

while each peculiar power forgoes his wonted seat

1629，John Milton，On the Morning of Christ's Nativity:

My fate is Juno's most peculiar care.


pedestrian

借自拉丁語 pedester，词根pedestri-（源自pedes） + -an (形容词构成后缀)。

more pedestrian (comparative)
most pedestrian (superlative)

pedestrian crossing

pedestrian zone

平凡的，平平无奇的，无趣的，乏味的

His manner of dress was pedestrian but tidy.

a pedestrian life

England were hugely impressive in the first half in particular, when their supporters inside this magnificent bowl at Stade Velodrome roared their approval as Russia were pressed into submission and made to look pedestrian.

2016年June11日，Phil McNulty，“England 1-1 Russia”, in BBC Sport:


periodic

/ˌpɪɹiˈɒdɪk/

/ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪk/

周期的；定期的；间歇的；循环的


periodic

/ˌpɜːɹaɪˈɒdɪk/


pernicious

more pernicious (comparative)
most pernicious (superlative)

有害的，有毒的；恶性的;致命的


plump

源自中古英語 plump、plompe，借自中古荷蘭語 plomp或中古低地德語 plump。

plumper (comparative)
more plump (comparative)
plumpest (superlative)
most plump (superlative)

丰满的，胖嘟嘟的，圆润的

a plump baby; plump cheeks

胖嘟嘟的婴儿，圆鼓鼓的脸

The god of wine did his plump clusters bring.

1651, Thomas Carew, To my friend G. N. from Wrest

My ideal is to be idle and to love a plump girl.

2015, Anton Chekhov, The Life and Genius of Anton Chekhov: Letters, Diary, Reminiscences and Biography: Assorted Collection of Autobiographical Writings of the Renowned Russian Author and Playwright of Uncle Vanya, The Cherry Orchard, The Three Sisters and The Seagull, e-artnow (ISBN 9788026838401)

He was a plump little man and we had been walking uphill at a pace—set by him—far too rapid for his short legs. He breathed stertorously, and half the drops which glimmered on his rotund face were not rain but sweat.

1956，Delano Ames，章號 23, in Crime out of Mind:

直接的，不拐弯抹角的，直言不讳的

After the plump statement that the author was at Erceldoune and spake with Thomas.

1898, George Saintsbury, A Short History of English Literature


precious

源自中古英語 precious，借自古法語 precios (“珍贵的，昂贵的，宝贝的，至爱的；做作的”)，源自拉丁語 pretiōsus (“珍贵的，昂贵的”)，源自pretium (“价值，价格”)，参见price。

more precious (comparative)
most precious (superlative)

People are a good thing, the most precious resource in a rich economy, so the progressive-minded feel. Only misanthropists disagree or the dottier Malthusians who send green-ink tweets deploring any state assistance for child-rearing.

2013年August16日，Polly Toynbee，“Britain's booming birthrate”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 10，頁 21:

The crown had many precious gemstones.

那个皇冠上镶着很多昂贵的宝石。

My precious daughter is to marry.

He spent hours painting the eyes of the portrait, which his fellow artists regarded as a bit precious.

Writers are often very precious about their work.

Hearing what a struggle it was for her, I began to understand why some people are so precious about being Irish. Being second-generation Irish, she had the option to hide behind her accent. Instead she would thump her fist to defend Irish people from those speaking out against them.

2016年November20日，Katie Walsh，“Why are Irish people so precious about Irishness?”, in The Irish Times，Dublin: Irish Times Trust, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2023-04-01:

It’s all owing to your precious caution that they got hold of it. If you had let me burn it, and taken my word that it was gone, it would have been a heap of ashes behind the fire, instead of being whole and sound, inside of my great-coat.

In the abstract, Stuhlbarg’s twinkly-eyed sidekick suggests Joe Pesci in Lethal Weapon 2 by way of late-period Robin Williams with an alien twist, but Stuhlbarg makes a character that easily could have come across as precious into a surprisingly palatable, even charming man.

2012年May24日，Nathan Rabin，“Film: Reviews: Men In Black 3”, in The Onion AV Club:

a precious rascal


prominent

more prominent (comparative)
most prominent (superlative)


remittent

more remittent (comparative)
most remittent (superlative)

intermittent指开始和停止反复，而remittent指过程持续不断，但强度忽轻忽重。

A remittent fever is when at certain periods the fever is more violent than at others, but the patient never intirely free from it.

1761, Hugh Smith, The Family Physician, London, p. 3, footnote,

Yet nine years elapsed before it [the dictionary] saw the light. His throes in bringing it forth had been severe and remittent, and at last we may almost conclude that the Caesarian operation was performed by the knife of Churchill, whose upbraiding satire, I dare say, made Johnson’s friends urge him to dispatch.

1791，James Boswell，The Life of Samuel Johnson，卷 1, London: Charles Dilly，頁 176:

I bethought myself to go upstairs and see how the dying woman sped, who lay there almost unheeded: the very servants paid her but a remittent attention: the hired nurse, being little looked after, would slip out of the room whenever she could.

1847，Charlotte Brontë，章號 21, in Jane Eyre:

The noise of the conflict, the shouting and roar of an uncounted multitude of men in the heat and fury of combat, not to more than mention the evidences of the conflict—arrows, bolts, and stones in overflight and falling in remittent showers—would have dispersed them in ordinary mood; but they were under protection—the Madonna was leading them—to be afraid was to deny her saving grace.

1893, Lew Wallace, The Prince of India, or Why Constantinople Fell, New York: Harper, Volume 2, Book 6, Chapter 9, p. 404,

The evening was a little chilly, and a fire of logs had been lighted in the study where we were, and the remittent flame and the glow on the walls reminded me of the old days.

1895，Arthur Machen，“Adventure of the Missing Brother”, in The Three Impostors，London: John Lane，頁 97:

（指症状）缓和的，减轻的

[…] the long, long fever of life, which with him never knew a remittent moment, had robbed him of that which every man has a right to expect, some pleasure in the course of his existence.

1875，Charlotte Riddell，章號 14, in The Uninhabited House:


ridiculous

借自拉丁語 rīdiculus (“可笑的，荒唐的”)，参见ridicule。

more ridiculous (comparative)
most ridiculous (superlative)

silly

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

willy nilly

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

frivolous

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

goofy

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

funny

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

humorous

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

absurd

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

odd

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

surreal

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

unreasonable

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

straightforward

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

serious

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

somber

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

solemn

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

That hairstyle looks ridiculous.

It's ridiculous to charge so much for a little souvenir.

一点纪念品收那么多钱也太离谱了。

You make ridiculous statements a lot, like saying that UFOs are real.

你总是说些荒诞不经的话，比如什么UFO是真的之类的。

In a ridiculous feat of engineering, the team can calculate the difference in arrival time to within one-tenth of a nanosecond.

在工程学界的一项难以置信的壮举中，那个团队能够在1/10纳秒内计算出粒子达到时间差。

Gaines is a classic motor player with a low center of gravity and ridiculous strength.


scrupulous

more scrupulous (comparative)
most scrupulous (superlative)

He is scrupulous in his finances.

他在自己的资金方面一丝不苟。

He is a scrupulous businessman and always acts in the best interest of his company.

他是个负责任的商人，总是以公司的最大效益为目标。

Because I have a scrupulous conscience, I sometimes need to be reminded that not everything I do is sinful.

因为我经常道德心泛滥，所以我有时候需要人提醒我做的事情并非都是罪过。


secretive

more secretive (comparative)
most secretive (superlative)


sedentary

源自中古法語 sédentaire，源自拉丁語 sedentārius (“坐着的”)，源自sedeō (“坐”)。

more sedentary (comparative)
most sedentary (superlative)

很少移动的；停留于附近的

The oyster is a sedentary mollusk; the barnacles are sedentary crustaceans.

[…]the Egyptians; whose Sages were not sedentary, scholastic Sophists, like the Grecian[…]

1765 [1738]，Bishop William Warburton，The Divine Legation of Moses Demonstrated，頁 220:

[…]that any education that confined itself to sedentary pursuits was essentially imperfect, that the body as well as the mind should be cultivated[…]

1844年October3日，Benjamin Disraeli，The Acquirement of Knowledge，An address delivered to the members of the Manchester Athenæum:

不活跃的，平静的，缓慢的

Such restless revolution day by day
 Repeated, while the sedentary earth
 That better might with far less compass move[…]

1667，John Milton，“Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

The Soul, considered abstractedly from its Passions, is of a remiss and sedentary Nature, slow in its Resolves, and languishing in its Executions.

1711年December22日，Joseph Addison，“No. 255”, in The Spectator:

till length of years
 And sedentary numbness craze my limbs
 To a contemptible old age obscure.

1671，John Milton，“Samson Agonistes, […]”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes，倫敦: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC，行s 569-571:


shrewd

约1300年，中古英語 schrewed (“堕落的，邪恶的”，字面意思是“受诅咒的”)，源自schrewen (“诅咒”)，源自schrewe、schrowe、screwe (“邪恶的人或物”)，源自古英語 scrēawa (“邪恶的人”，字面意思是“咬人的人或物”)。等价于shrew + -ed。还见shrew
“精明”一意出现于16世纪初叶，在17世纪前逐渐得到正面意。

shrewder (comparative)
shrewdest (superlative)

会在城里混的，会在江湖上混的

Willie is very aware of this fact and lets Johnny Attell know that there is a fly in the ointment, and Johnny, who is a very shrewd article, has his chauffeur drive him to Bradford Street so he can change the kid's mind.

2003，Ron Ross，Bummy Davis vs. Murder, Inc，頁 287:

The most persistent tormentor was Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain, who scored a hat-trick in last month’s corresponding fixture in Iceland. His ability to run at defences is instantly striking, but it is his clever use of possession that has persuaded some shrewd judges that he is an even better prospect than Theo Walcott.

2011年November10日，Jeremy Wilson，“England Under 21 5 Iceland Under 21 0: match report”, in Telegraph:

a shrewd guess

a shrewd blow, or assault

a shrewd wind

They were wont to please the Fairies, that they might doe them no shrewd turnes, by sweeping clean the Hearth and setting by it […]

1687，John Aubrey，Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme，頁 29:


solvent

源自法語 solvent，源自拉丁語 solventem，solvens的宾格单数、solvō的现在分词。等价于solve + -ent。

Surprisingly, this analysis revealed that acute exposure to solvent vapors at concentrations below those associated with long-term effects appears to increase the risk of a fatal automobile accident.

2013 July-August，Philip J. Bushnell，“Solvents, Ethanol, Car Crashes & Tolerance”, in American Scientist:


spontaneous

古典借詞，源自晚期拉丁語 spontāneus。

more spontaneous (comparative)
most spontaneous (superlative)

自然产生的，不依赖人工的


stubborn

源自中古英語 stiborne、stibourne、stoburn、stoburne、styburne、stiborn。其词源不详。
一理论认为可能源自*stybor、*stibor，源自古英語 stybb (“树桩”) + 形容词构成后缀 -or，如出现于古英語 bitor、英語 bitter的后缀。

stubborner (comparative)
stubbornest (superlative)

固执的，执拗的；顽固的；坚持不懈的

He is pretty stubborn about his political beliefs, so why bother arguing?

他对自己的政治信念很固执的，何苦和他吵呢？

Blood can make a very stubborn stain on fabrics if not washed properly.

血如果不正确清洗会在布料上留下很顽固的污渍。

（指材料）坚硬而不易弯曲的；难以加工的


subtle

subtler (comparative)
more subtle (comparative)
subtlest (superlative)
most subtle (superlative)


suffocate

源自拉丁語 suffōcāre，源自sub- (“在...之下”) + fōx (“喉咙”)

more suffocate (comparative)
most suffocate (superlative)


sumptuous

源自法語 somptueux，源自拉丁語 sumptuōsus，源自sūmptus (“耗费，费用”)，源自sumō (“拿”) + -tus (名词构成后缀)。

more sumptuous (comparative)
most sumptuous (superlative)

Though poor the peasant’s hut, his feasts though small,

I wandered on until I came to a sumptuous palace with a garden adorned with fountains and fishponds, and groves and flowers, and orchards laden with delicious fruit.

Cabaye pulled all the strings in a dominant home performance and capped a majestic individual display with a sumptuous first-time finish into the far corner for his second goal of the afternoon.

2012年April21日，Jonathan Jurejko，“Newcastle 3-0 Stoke”, in BBC Sport:


superb

superber (comparative)
superbest (superlative)

极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的


superior

:< 拉丁語 superior （“更高的”） < superus （“上面的”） < super （“在…之上”）。

more superior (comparative)
most superior (superlative)

（位置）上部的, 上方的.

（品質）卓越的, 更好的，更胜一筹的，占優的, 出类拔萃的，超群的.

（位階, 等級）高貴的, 上級的, 高等的.


sympathetic

/ˌsɪmpəˈθɛtɪk/

同情的；共鸣的；交感神经的
參見：sympathy


taper

源自中古英語 taper，源自古英語 tapor (“蜡烛，灯芯”)，其词源不详。可能源自拉丁語 papyrus (“纸莎草”，中世纪时指“蜡烛芯”)。若如此，则是papyrus和paper 的同源對似詞。另可能源自凱爾特語族中某个与愛爾蘭語 tapar、威爾士語 tampr (“火把”)有关的词，亦对比梵語 तपती (tápati，“温暖，发热”)。还见tepid。


tenacious

源自拉丁語 tenāx (“紧紧结合的”)，源自tenēre (“拿着，稳着”) + -ious。

more tenacious (comparative)
most tenacious (superlative)

顽固的，顽强的，不懈的，坚定的


thorough

more thorough (comparative)
most thorough (superlative)


throng

源自中古英語 throng、thrang，源自古英語 þrang、ġeþrang (“挤压，人群，吵嚷”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *þrangwą、*þrangwō (“人群”)，源自*þrangwaz (“挤压”)，源自原始印歐語 *trenkʷ- (“殴打，击打；砍劈；按压”)。与荷蘭語 drang、德語 Drang同源。亦对比德語 Gedränge (“人群”)。

more throng (comparative)
most throng (superlative)

Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

1903, Samuel Butler, The Way of All Flesh, ch 59:


timid

胆怯的；羞怯的
參見：intimidate


turgid

源自拉丁語 turgidus (“肿胀的”)，源自turgeō (“肿胀”)。

more turgid (comparative)
most turgid (superlative)

I have a turgid limb.

A vegetable that is fully moist and firm will seem both crisp and more tender than the same vegetable limp from water loss. When we bite down on a vegetable turgid with water, the already-stressed cell walls readily break and the cells burst open; in a limp vegetable, chewing compresses the walls together, and we have to exert much more pressure to break through them.

2004，Harold McGee，章號 5, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen，Scribner, →ISBN:

These were all basic tenets, but the principals wrote them down as if they had never heard them before—and maybe they hadn’t, or at least not for many years. Perhaps that’s why bureaucratic prose becomes so turgid, whatever the bureaucracy.

1976，William Zinsser，On Writing Well, 30th Anniversary Edition，第Kindle版, Harper Perennial, 出版於 2012, →ISBN，頁 172:

Published TV-scholarship sure reflects this mood. And the numbingly dull quality to most “literary” television analyses is due less to the turgid abstraction scholars employ to make television seem an OK object of aesthetic inquiry […]

1997，David Foster Wallace，“E Unibus Pluram: television and U.S. fiction”, in A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again，第Kindle版, Little, Brown Book Group:


unanimous

* 来自拉丁语ūnanimus (“of one mind”)，由ūnus (“一个”)和animus (“思想”)构成。

一致同意的；一致的；全場一致，满场一致，眾口一詞。


valiant

more valiant (comparative)
most valiant (superlative)


versatile

源自拉丁語 versātilis (“容易转的，容易转变的”)，源自versātus，versō (“转；改变”)的过去分词，vertō (“转”)的反复态。

more versatile (comparative)
most versatile (superlative)

[ˈvɜː.səˌtaɪɫ]

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-versatile.wav

double-decker

可攻可受的 （既能插入又能被插入的）

可以改变的；多变的，易变的

The versatile anther is an important step up in flowering plant evolution and it may be the most widespread of all simple anther types.

1996，William G. D'Arcy，The anther: form, function, and phylogeny:

可攻可受的 （既能插入又能被插入的）

Among men who do engage in anal intercourse, about one-quarter are tops, one-quarter are bottoms, and one-half are versatile.

2017，Simon LeVay，Gay, Straight, and the Reason why: The Science of Sexual Orientation:


volatile

[ˈvɑ.lə.ɾɫ̩]


wretched

源自中古英語 wrecched (“经历悲惨的；可悲的，不幸的，不高兴的；贫困的；低贱的；可怜的人”) [以及其他形式]，源自wrecche (“经历悲惨的；可悲的，不幸的，不高兴的；贫困的；低贱的；可鄙的，恶劣的，邪恶的；小气的；无足轻重的”)（源自晚期古英語 wrecc，源自古英語 wreċċa (“被驱逐者”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *wreg- (“跟；猎”)） + -ed (构成形容词的后缀)。 英语词可作wretch (已弃用形容词，与本词同义) + -ed (构成形容词的后缀)分析。

wretcheder (comparative)
more wretched (comparative)
wretchedest (superlative)
most wretched (superlative)

damned

讨厌的，该死的 （表达某事物令自己讨厌）

bloody

讨厌的，该死的 （表达某事物令自己讨厌）

blasted

讨厌的，该死的 （表达某事物令自己讨厌）

bleeding

讨厌的，该死的 （表达某事物令自己讨厌）

I felt wretched after my wife died.

我妻子死了以后我痛不欲生。

Mario Balotelli replaced [Carlos] Tevez but his contribution was so negligible that he suffered the indignity of being substituted himself as time ran out, a development that encapsulated a wretched 90 minutes for City and boss Roberto Mancini。

2011年April11日，Phil McNulty，“Liverpool 3 – 0 Man City”, in BBC Sport，存檔自the original on 2023-01-27:

The street was full of wretched beggars dressed in rags.

整条街都是衣衫褴褛的低贱乞丐。

All those wretched quarrels, in his humble opinion, stirring up bad blood – bump of combativeness or gland of some kind, erroneously supposed to be about a punctilio of honour and a flag, – were very largely a question of the money question which was at the back of everything, greed and jealousy, people never knowing when to stop.

1922 February，James Joyce，“[Episode 16: Eumaeus]”, in Ulysses，Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos]，頁 598:

讨厌的，不好的，令人不舒心的

讨厌的，该死的 （表达某事物令自己讨厌）

Will you please stop playing that wretched trombone!

你能不能别吹你的破长号了。


wrath

来自中古英語 wraththe，wreththe，来自古英語 wrǣþþu，来自原始西日耳曼語 *wraiþiþu，等价于wroth + -th。对比荷蘭語 wreedte (“殘酷”)、丹麥語 vrede、瑞典語 vrede、冰島語 reiði。详见wroth。

more wrath (comparative)
most wrath (superlative)


asinine

源自拉丁語 asinīnus (“驴的”)。

more asinine (comparative)
most asinine (superlative)

They danced on silently, softly. Their feet played tricks to the beat of the tireless measure, that exquisitely asinine blare which is England's punishment for having lost America.

1922，Michael Arlen，“2/2/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:

Don Quixote had put himself but a little way ayont the village of Don Diego, when he encountered two apparent priests, or students, and two husbandmen, who came mounted on four asinine beasts.

1881，Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra，The Ingenious Knight: Don Quixote de la Mancha，頁 84:


astute

拉丁語 astūtus，源自astus (“精明，技艺”)。

astuter (comparative)
astutest (superlative)

astute analysis

astute observation

astute remark

The best headteachers are like submarine captains – cool-headed, astute decision-makers – who trust their colleagues and surroundings to indicate where their ship is headed.

23 September 2014，A teacher，“Choosing a primary school: a teacher's guide for parents”, in The Guardian:


aware

more aware (comparative)
awarer (comparative)
most aware (superlative)
awarest (superlative)

作词义1、2“明白、意识”之意时，通常与of、that连用。


Paleogene

paleo- + -gene。源自古希臘語 παλαιός (palaiós，“古老的”) + γενεά (geneá，“世代”)。

古近纪的，与古近纪有关的


Jurassic

借自法語 Jurassique，名取自瑞士的侏罗山。

His father squinted at the skeleton. “What is it, Jurassic?” “Jeez. No. Cretaceous.” “Cretaceous? What's the difference between Cretaceous and Jurassic?” “Only about a hundred million years,” Tim said. “Cretaceous is older?” “No, Dad, Jurassic is older.”
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1990, Michael Crichton, Jurassic Park, Alfred A. Knopf, p94:

The Jurassic, the Spanish and the Italian federations and sections of the International Working Men's Association, as also the French, the German and the American anarchist groups, were for the next years the chief centres of anarchist thought and propaganda.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1910, Peter Kropotkin, “Anarchism”, in Encyclopædia Britannica.

Those fears and excuses seem positively Jurassic more than eighty years later.

2009 March，Byron Rempel，“Women's Ski Jumping Takes Aim at the Winter Olympics”, in Skiing Heritage Journal，卷 21, 號 1，頁 17=:

For every three shops or restaurants that looked as if they might have had a poster of Che Guevara somewhere on the premises, there was one stubborn Jurassic retailer offering knit suits for older women or an Italian restaurant that offered all-you-can-eat garlic bread and didn't call itself a trattoria.

2017，Dean Koontz，The Silent Corner，頁 93:

Well, thirty compared to twenty-five seemed Jurassic to me back then.

2017，Giuliana Prada，Hiding Boys in Bathrooms: A Decade of Dating Debacles:


Triassic

源自Trias (“二叠纪和侏罗纪之间的三层地质层”) < 德語 Trias < 古希臘語 τριάς (triás，“三位一体的”)、 + -ic。1841年由Friedrich August von Alberti（1795年-1878年）造出。

三叠纪的，与三叠纪有关的

“Well,” Ellie said. “We know animals have survived. Crocodiles are basically Triassic animals living in the present. Sharks are Triassic. So we know it has happened before.”

1990, Michael Crichton, Jurassic Park, Alfred A. Knopf, p45:


Permian

more Permian (comparative)
most Permian (superlative)

彼尔姆的，彼尔姆人的 （自18世纪起）

彼尔姆语的 （自18世纪起）

二叠纪的，与二叠纪有关的 （自19世纪起）

‘In many ways modern art was a culture of the beach. They say it's the light, the special quality of quartz in the Permian rock.’

2000, JG Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate 2011, p. 103:


Carboniferous

石炭纪的，与石炭纪有关的


Devonian

德文郡的，与德文郡有关的


Silurian

more Silurian (comparative)
most Silurian (superlative)

志留纪的，与志留纪有关的

In some places, however, quartz reefs, payably auriferous while in Silurian rock, have been followed down to subjacent granite, and have there been found to thin out and become unprofitable […]

1887, R. A. Murray, Victoria. Geology and Physical Geography (page 126)


Ordovician

查尔斯·拉普沃思命名自凯尔特部落奥陶维斯人。

more Ordovician (comparative)
most Ordovician (superlative)

奥陶纪的，与奥陶纪有关的


Cambrian

more Cambrian (comparative)
most Cambrian (superlative)

前寒武纪

地质学、形容词、專有名詞

寒武纪的，与寒武纪有关的

威尔士的，与威尔士有关的，威尔士人的


Rhyacian

层侵纪的，与层侵纪有关的


Phanerozoic

源自古希臘語 φανερός (phanerós，“可见的”) + ζωή (zōḗ，“生命”) + -ic

显生宙的，与显生宙有关的


Paleozoic

more Paleozoic (comparative)
most Paleozoic (superlative)

古生代的，与古生代有关的


Cenozoic

ceno- + -zoic，源自古希臘語 καινός (kainós，“新的”) + ζωή (zōḗ，“生命”)

/ˌkeɪnəʊˈzəʊɪk/

/ˌsɛnɵˈzəʊɪk/

/ˌsiːnɵˈzəʊɪk/

新生代的，与新生代有关的


delirious

源自delirium + -ous，参见拉丁語 delirus (“愚蠢的，糊涂的，疯狂的”)。

more delirious (comparative)
most delirious (superlative)

/dɪˈlɪɹɪ.əs/

/dɪˈlɪəɹɪ.əs/

[…]the angelic form of a creature whose very existence was a gigantic balm of Gilead to the lacerated body of our hero, and, in a half delirious state of mind, he felt like leaping mountains to raise prostrate female forms, and to become blessed with hymeneal joys of the most glorious character; but, his imagination soon forsook him, and a raging fever, accompanied by the most violent deadly delirium, ensued, which lasted a fortnight.

1872，Simon Mohler Landis，The Social War, Chapter III: Deacon Stew raves at Lucinda's Love for Victor:


languid

借自拉丁語 languidus (“虚弱的，迟缓的，懒散的”)。

more languid (comparative)
most languid (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-languid.wav

无精打采的；懒散的，懒洋洋的

languid movements

languid breathing

As love without esteem is capricious and volatile; esteem without love is languid and cold.

March 10 1753，Samuel Johnson (attributed)，The Adventurer:

George had an air at once swaggering and melancholy, languid and fierce.

1847 January – 1848 July，William Makepeace Thackeray，章號 21, in Vanity Fair. A Novel without a Hero，London: Bradbury and Evans, […], 出版於 1848, →OCLC:

Toil is the portion of day, as sleep is that of night; but if there be one hour of the twenty-four which has the life of day without its labour, and the rest of night without its slumber, it is the lovely and languid hour of twilight.

1834，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Francesca Carrara，卷 1，頁 1:


abyssal

首次出现于17世纪90年代。源自中世紀拉丁語 abyssalis，源自拉丁語 abyssus (“深渊”) + -alis (形容词后缀)。等价于abyss + -al。

深渊的，捉摸不透的 （首次出现于17世纪中叶。）

海洋深处的（2000米以上深度的）（首次出现于19世纪中叶。）

深成的，在地壳深处的，在地壳深处发生的 （首次出现于19世纪末。）


alternative

/ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/


amorphous

源自古希臘語 ἄμορφος (ámorphos，“无形体的，无形状的，畸形的”)（其源自ἀ- (a-，“无，没”) + μορφή (morphḗ，“形体”) + -ous）。

more amorphous (comparative)
most amorphous (superlative)

formless

形状不定的，形状模糊的，不规则的

shapeless

形状不定的，形状模糊的，不规则的

形状不定的，形状模糊的，不规则的

The enormous pile of spaghetti landed on the floor in an amorphous heap.

一大团意大利面掉到地上铺成了乱七八糟的一滩。

And people talking all the time about the AfD is just what it wants: to foster the impression that the others are ganging up against it. The “authentic” voice of “real people” v the amorphous elite.

2023年September27日，John Kampfner，“German politics has a built-in firewall against the far right. It’s beginning to crack”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:


azure

源自中古英語 asure，源自古法語 azur，派生自阿拉伯語 لَازَوَرْد (lāzaward，“青金石”)，l 被误解为法语冠词 l' 而被删去。阿拉伯语词源自古典波斯語 لاجورد (lājward，“青金石”)，源自巴达克山处Lajward地区的名字。
对比意大利語 azzurro及西班牙語 azul。

When Britain first, at Heaven's command / Arose from out the azure main.

‘I forget your coat of arms.’
‘A human foot d’or, in a field azure; the foot crushes a serpent rampant whose fangs are imbedded in the heel.’

1846，Edgar Allan Poe，The Cask of Amontillado:


carboniferous

more carboniferous (comparative)
most carboniferous (superlative)


Christmas

专有名词派生自中古英語 Cristemasse、Criste-mas (“圣诞节；圣诞季节；圣诞节庆祝活动”) [以及其他形式]，源自古英語 Cristes mæsse (“圣诞节”，字面意思是“基督的弥撒”)，源自Crist (“基督”) + -es (属格标记词) + mæsse (“弥撒”)。英语词作Christ + -mas (表示节日或神圣的日子的后缀)分析。
名词、形容词和动词均派生自专有名词。
形容词词义指传统上与圣诞节联想起来的颜色。

红色和绿色的，圣诞配色的


fifth

英國，美國，非正式或方言

英國，美國，非正式或方言


greater

/ˈɡɹeɪtə(ɹ)/


vegetable

源自中古英語 vegetable，源自古法語 vegetable，源自拉丁語 vegetābilis (“可以存活并生长的”)，衍生自vegetāre (“使...有生机”)。取代了古英語 wyrt (“草，植物，蔬菜，根茎，庄稼”)。

/ˈvɛd͡ʒətəbəl/

/ˈvɛd͡ʒətəbəl/


international

[ˌɪɾ̃ɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ]


nearby

more nearby (comparative)
most nearby (superlative)


spoken

more spoken (comparative)
most spoken (superlative)


blind

源自中古英語 blynd，源自古英語 blind，源自原始西日耳曼語 *blind，源自原始日耳曼語 *blindaz。

blinder (comparative)
blindest (superlative)

even a blind pig can find an acorn once in a while

even a blind squirrel can find a nut once in a while

in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king

there are none so blind as those who will not see

Even a blind hen sometimes finds a grain of corn.

瞎猫有时都能碰上死耗子。

甚至瞎的公鸡有时候都能找到一颗玉米粒。

Braille is a writing system for the blind.

布拉耶盲文是盲人使用的书写系统。

his blind eye

盲目的，无法察觉的，视而不见的

The lovers were blind to each other's faults.

相爱的人注意不到对方的缺点。

Authors are blind to their own defects.

作家无法认识到自己的缺点。

a blind path

a blind ditch

a blind corner

死的，不通的，没有出路的

a blind alley

a blind fistula

a blind gut

The naric-hypophysial canal was blind at both ends, and paired olfactory sacs opened into it, as well as a narrow canal from the front of the gut.

1898, Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society (page 498)

North Richmond street, being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers' School set the boys free.

封死的 （没有光也不通的）

a blind wall

I shouted, but he didn't take a blind bit of notice.

我大喊起来，但他丝毫没有注意到。

We pulled and pulled, but it didn't make a blind bit of difference.

我们拉啊拉，但是一点儿用都没有。

He took a blind guess at which fork in the road would take him to the airport.

他在岔路口瞎选了一条路去机场。

I went into the meeting totally blind, so I really didn't have a clue what I was talking about.

我啥都不知道就去开会了，所以我完全不知道我自己在说什么。

blind deference

blind justice

blind punishment

This plan is recommended neither to blind approbation nor to blind reprobation.

1787–1788, John Jay, The Federalist Papers

盲的 （刻意限制给出的信息来避免偏差）

a blind trial

a blind passage in a book; blind writing

书中无法理解的一段；无法辨认的字迹

blind buds

blind flowers


glassy

源自中古英語 glasy，等价于glass + -y。对比薩特弗里斯蘭語 glääsich (“玻璃般的”)、荷蘭語 glazig (“玻璃般的”)、德國低地德語 glasig (“玻璃般的”)、德語 glasig (“玻璃般的”)。

glassier (comparative)
glassiest (superlative)

玻璃般的 （尤指光滑反光）
无浪的

同類詞：glossy、shiny

a resin tabletop with a glassy polish

a fair day on a glassy sea

风平浪静的海面上天气不错的一天

architecture enamored of glass and steel, where glassier meant classier

同類詞：fisheye

the glassy eyes of a person in a trance


impervious

源自拉丁語 impervius (“无法穿过的”)，源自in- (“不”) + pervius (“能透过的”)。

more impervious (comparative)
most impervious (superlative)

The man was completely impervious to the deception we were trying.

那个男人完全没有被我们的骗术骗到。

Although the Celebrity was almost impervious to sarcasm, he was now beginning to exhibit visible signs of uneasiness, the consciousness dawning upon him that his eccentricity was not receiving the ovation it merited.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年），Winston Churchill，章號 5, in The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

For the past decade there were two more or less universally acknowledged truths about digital advertising. First, the rapidly growing industry was largely impervious to the business cycle.

2022年September18日，“The $300bn Google-Meta advertising duopoly is under attack”, in The Economist, →ISSN:

Although patchworked and sagging, the roof proved impervious to the weather.

The white faience façade, the glazed Doultonware Carrera marble, was made locally. And being glazed, it was impervious to London's sooty atmosphere, enabling easier cleaning.

2023年December13日，Robin Leleux，“Restored... and a richly deserved award: Findlater's Corner”, in RAIL，期 998，頁 43:

The old car seemed to be impervious to the wear and tear of age.

那辆老车似乎没有受到一点老化的影响。


level

源自中古英語 level，源自古法語 livel、liveau m（后作nivel）、niveau，源自拉丁語 libella f (“平衡，水平”)，libra f (“平衡，水平”)的指小词。参见libra、librate。libella和niveau 的同源對似詞。
动词源自中古英語 levelen，其派生自名词。

leveler (comparative)
leveller (comparative)
levelest (superlative)
levellest (superlative)

This table isn't quite level; see how this marble rolls off it?

这个桌子有点歪，你看弹珠都往下滚了。

the smooth and level pavement

1667，John Milton，“Book 1”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

（以level with构式）（与某人或物同等的）一样高的

We tried to hang the pictures so that the bottom of the frames were level with the dark line in the wallpaper.

我们想要把相片挂到它的底框和报纸中的黑线对齐的地方。

Nanny Broome was looking up at the outer wall. Just under the ceiling there were three lunette windows, heavily barred and blacked out in the normal way by centuries of grime. Their bases were on a level with the pavement outside, a narrow way which was several feet lower than the road behind the house.

1963，Margery Allingham，章號 14, in The China Governess: A Mystery，London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

His pulse has been level for 12 hours.

他的脉搏已经稳定了12个小时。

His voice has been unchanged. It has been level for 12 hours.

He kept a level head under stress.

他在压力之下也保持了冷静的头脑。

He kept a level gaze.

After a poor start to the season, Roy Hodgson's men are now unbeaten in four matches and 10th in the Premier League table, level with Aston Villa on 11 points.

2011年October22日，Sam Sheringham，“Aston Villa 1 - 2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport:

a very plain and level account

1873，Matthew Arnold，Literature and Dogma:

a level head; a level understanding

a level consideration

c. 1596–1599，William Shakespeare，“The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

Intonation or tone is either level, rising, or falling, marked respectively

1891，Henry Sweet，A History of English Sounds from the Earliest Period:

The earth's oceans remain level in relation to the pull of gravity.


offshore

从海滨离开的；从海岸离开的。

位于大海，远离海岸（海滨）的。

位于另一个国家的，特别是有着有利的税务法律的国家的。


peak

早期形式peake、peek、peke，源自中古英語 *peke、*pek（可考作peked，是piked的变体），变换自pike、pyke、pyk (“尖端”)，源自古英語 pīc、piic (“针，尖刺，顶端，锥”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *pīkaz (“顶”)。同源词有荷蘭語 piek (“顶峰”)、丹麥語 pik (“矛，尖端”)、瑞典語 pik (“矛，尖端”)、挪威語 pik (“尖端，顶峰”)。还见pike。

more peak (comparative)
most peak (superlative)

峰值的，最大值的，顶峰的

peak oil, Peak TV

石油峰值，（美国的）电视黄金时代

最完全的，最典型的，最有代表性的

Knowing obscure 19th-century slang is peak nerd.

知道19世纪的生僻俚语简直是宅得不能再宅了。

When they're tryna get the girl to the crib and she leaves, it's peak / Tryna keep it discreet and she tweets, it's peak / See me rolling with 20 man deep, it's peak / Yo rudeboy, pull up, repeat, it's peak

2015，“Its Peak”, 演出者 Tinie Tempah (featuring Stormzy and Bugzy Malone):

Tempting, but I think it's actually something I need to do. Like, I get what they did was peak, but I have to take some responsibility, you know?

2023，Nathan Bryon, Tom Melia，Rye Lane，spoken by Dom (David Jonsson):

You didn't get a spot? That's peak.

That movie last night was peak!


abdominal

【解剖学】腹(部)的；位于腹部的

【动物学】(鱼)有腹鳍的