gerontic

首次出现在19世纪末。源自古希臘語 γέρων (gérōn，“老人”)。

more gerontic (comparative)
most gerontic (superlative)

The gerontic population of the U.S., those of 65 and over, numbered 3.1 million in 1900.

1982, Prisca von Dorotka Bagnell, Gerontology and Geriatrics Collections, Haworth Press, ISBN 0917724534, page 5,

Academic staff from schools of nursing across Australia were asked to contribute information about their current funded research in gerontic nursing, and also to provide their thoughts on what issues future research projects within gerontic nursing should address.

2004, Rhonda Nay, Sally Garratt, Nursing Older People: Issues and Innovations, Elsevier Australia, ISBN 072953751X, page 340,

previously there had been gerontic oligarchy

2003, Maurice Cowling, Religion and Public Doctrine in Modern England, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 052154517X, page 19,

（生物学） 衰老的动物或植物

Then the gerontic or senescent portion is seen, recognizable by an increasing simplicity, comparable to that of the neanic shell but retrogressive rather than progressive in the assumption of characters.

2004, Richa Arora, Encyclopaedia of Evolutionary Biology, Anmol Publications PVT, ISBN 8126115009, page 139,


Neolithic

源自古希臘語 νέος (neos)（“新”） + λίθος (lithos)（“石头”）.

新石器时代

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

Neolit

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

Yngre stenalder

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

neoliittinen

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

新石器時代

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

Neolithicus

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

Neolīts

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

Neolitiku

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

Neolitiċi

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

neolityczny

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的


gangly

ganglier (comparative)
gangliest (superlative)

She was gangly and wild and walked with her wrists turned inside out...

Individuals of this rabbit species tend to be very large (about the size of a beagle dog); they have long ears and long, gangly legs and a very thin fur coats.

2007，Oswald J. Schmitz，Ecology and Ecosystem Conservation，頁 34:

[Peter Crouch] The gangly striker played a one-two with Jermaine Pennant as the winger cut in from the right, and although Pennant easily jinked past centre-half Brede Hangeland, he shot narrowly wide of the far post.

2011年October15日，Owen Phillips，“Stoke 2 - 0 Fulham”, in BBC Sport:


fucking

fecking

他妈的 （语气加强词，一般加强的是整句话的语气，而非仅仅其语法上修饰的成分）

freaking

他妈的 （语气加强词，一般加强的是整句话的语气，而非仅仅其语法上修饰的成分）

frigging

他妈的 （语气加强词，一般加强的是整句话的语气，而非仅仅其语法上修饰的成分）

fuckening

他妈的 （语气加强词，一般加强的是整句话的语气，而非仅仅其语法上修饰的成分）

他妈的 （语气加强词，一般加强的是整句话的语气，而非仅仅其语法上修饰的成分）

No fucking way.

Yeah, she caught my eye, as I walked on by / She could see from my face that I was fucking high

2005，James Blunt （作曲作詞）, “You're Beautiful”, in Back to Bedlam:

“Every time it’s shown, I get e-mail from young guys who want to get it on with me,” she said. “Which is wonderful. I’m seventy-seven fucking years old.”

2006年March6日，Lauren Collins，引 Harriet Sohmers Zwerling, “Last Bohemians”, in The New Yorker:

Get your fucking car out of the way.

把你的破车开到别的地方去。

Get me off your fucking mailing list.

把我移出你的傻逼邮寄清单

Even when Trump won, Murdoch was unconvinced, reportedly privately calling him a “fucking idiot” following one conversation about immigration.

2022年November10日，Adam Gabbatt，引 Rupert Murdoch, “Has ‘Trumpty Dumpty’ taken a great fall from Rupert Murdoch’s grace?”, in The Guardian:


askance

My first thought was, he lied in every word,
That hoary cripple, with malicious eye
Askance to watch the working of his lie

1855 — Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came


tepid

uninterested

不冷不热的，漠然的，没有热情的

lukewarm

不冷不热的，漠然的，没有热情的

I'm drinking a cup of tepid water.

不冷不热的，漠然的，没有热情的

He gave me a tepid response to the proposal.

他给我的提案的回答不冷不热。

The erratic behaviour of Hariri now is largely explained by the fact that his best days may be behind him, given his long absences from the country for security reasons, his declining Saudi business interests, some local challenges to his tepid leadership in recent municipal elections, and his decline in stature in the eyes of his Saudi backers.

2016年October22日，Rami G Khouri，“Lebanese oligarchy preserves its interests once again”, in Aljazeera:


NSFW

:Template:網 不适宜工作场所（"Not Safe (or Suitable) For Work;"），即包含成人影像或图片，可能会冒犯到雇主或同事。


bigtime

more bigtime (comparative)
most bigtime (superlative)

Wait till you see your name in two-foot electrics over the front of every big-time house in the country.

1918，Edna Ferber，“That’s Marriage”, in Cheerful—By Request，Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & Co.，頁 169:

Krasnow is a big-time operator; I’ve always been, you might say, in the peanut end of the game.

1954 May，Richard Wilson，“Back to Julie”, in Galaxy Science Fiction，卷 8, 期 2，頁 69:

'On the level, honey, I have an all-time, big-time need for coffee.'

1959，Marc Brody，Low Dive for Lola，頁 i. 9:

Tired of shelling out bigtime bucks to see overpaid major leaguers with underwhelming stats and attitudes to match, baseball fans by the thousands are rediscovering a more relaxed—and cheaper—version of the national pastime: the minor leagues.

1997 July，Jennifer Zajac，“Get some major league fun at Little League dollars”, in Money，卷 26, 期 7，頁 158:

With a previous conviction in 1954 for receiving tins of corned beef, Betchley was hardly bigtime.

2006年April23日，“A twist in the tale”, in The Observer:


to die for

（习语） 非常好；很精致；极佳；特别理想。


Sanskrit

古典借詞，源自梵語 संस्कृत (saṃskṛtá，“完备的，完美的，就绪的”)。


thorny

多刺的，有棘刺的，長滿荊棘的

棘手的，麻煩的，多障礙的，引起爭議的


evaporative

more evaporative (comparative)
most evaporative (superlative)


aerial

来自拉丁語 āerius，来自古希臘語 ἀέριος (aérios)，来自ἀήρ (aḗr，“空氣”)。

more aerial (comparative)
most aerial (superlative)

/eɪˈɪə.ɹɪ.əl/

/eɪˈɛ.ɹɪ.əl/

空氣的，空中的，架空的，航空的


spurious

借自晚期拉丁語 spurius (“私生的”)，可能与sperno有关或源自伊特拉斯坎語。

more spurious (comparative)
most spurious (superlative)

His argument was spurious and had no validity.

他的论点是假的，没有真实性。

We witness that there is a relationship between government, media and industry that is evident even at this most spurious and superficial level. These three institutions support one another. We know that however cool a media outlet may purport to be, their primary loyalty is to their corporate backers. We know also that you cannot criticise the corporate backers openly without censorship and subsequent manipulation of this information.

2013年September13日，Russell Brand，“Russell Brand and the GQ awards: ’It’s amazing how absurd it seems’”, in 衛報，倫敦: 衛報媒體集團, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2023-07-20:

[Ilhan] Omar was left twisting in the wind earlier this year after facing spurious charges of antisemitism, a display of Democratic cowardice co-signed by Chelsea Clinton、Chuck Schumer, and most every other Democrat with a congressional leadership position.

2019年July19日，Noah Kulwin，“Democrats Fail the Left, Once Again”, in Jewish Currents，存檔自the original on 2023-04-26:

无关的，不需要的，多余的

I tried to concentrate on the matter in hand, but spurious thoughts kept intruding.

我想集中注意到手头的事上，但是心里老是胡思乱想。

Spurious emissions from the wireless mast were causing nearby electrical equipment to go haywire.

无线电线杆发出的噪音信号让导致周围的电子设备出故障了。


acknowledged

more acknowledged (comparative)
most acknowledged (superlative)


STD

std (“标准的”)的另一種寫法


Magyar

:< 匈牙利語 magyar < 原始乌戈尔语 *mańć- （“人”）。

匈牙利的，匈牙利人的，匈牙利语的


put out

more put out (comparative)
most put out (superlative)

生气的，发火的，被冒犯的

Gordon told GCN that when the bill was first reviewed in the House, it received a 70-49 vote, one vote short of the majority it needed to pass. Gordon said that gay and lesbian activists were "extremely put-out" over this narrow loss.

1991年May4日，Elizabeth Yukins，“Maryland Passes Gay Hate Crimes Bill”, in Gay Community News，頁 2:

He was put out at the mere suggestion of misconduct.

别人一说他可能失职，他就生气了。


deprecated

more deprecated (comparative)
most deprecated (superlative)

obsolete一般語意與deprecated相近。但若在兩者有別的情境下使用，則deprecated代表「仍可使用，但準備不再被支援的」事物；而obsolete則代表「已經不再被支援的」事物。

曾經使用過，但現今已經不再使用的事物、標準等


sharp-cornered

more sharp-cornered (comparative)
most sharp-cornered (superlative)


camera ready

more camera ready (comparative)
most camera ready (superlative)

常用於將單獨的文檔編譯為單個作品的情況，例如將技術出版物編譯為會議講義。


semiconductive

more semiconductive (comparative)
most semiconductive (superlative)


serviceable

源自中古英語 servisable，源自古法語 servisable，源自servise，就词形分析为service + -able。

more serviceable (comparative)
most serviceable (superlative)

可维修的 （与一次性的相对）

Maguire was always extravagantly priced at £80m but a player who is a solid and serviceable Premier League defender and has become one of England manager Gareth Southgate's most trusted squad members now looks hopelessly out of form.

2020年October14日，Phil McNulty，“England 0-1 Denmark: 'Harry Maguire looked devoid of confidence in Nations League loss'”, in BBC Sport:


sideways

more sideways (comparative)
most sideways (superlative)

Giving Mary a sideways glance, he said,[…]

他从侧面瞥了一眼Mary，说道： […]

He gave the ball a sideways kick.

There was a stack of papers in front of each seat at the table, but each stack was sideways.

桌旁每个座位前都有一摞纸，但每摞纸都是侧放着的。

Once we get out of this sideways economy, our figures will more accurately reflect what we're truly capable of.

He was constantly getting sideways with his boss till he got fired.

他在被开除前经常和老板起矛盾。


state of the art

more state of the art (comparative)
most state of the art (superlative)


tabulate

Tabulata (“横板珊瑚亚纲”) + -ate。Tabulata派生自拉丁語 tabulāta，源自tabulātum (“铺设地面的”)，源自tabula (“木板”) + -tum（源自-tus，最终源自原始印歐語 *-tus (从动词词根构成动作名词的后缀)）。详见词源1。这一目名源自珊瑚的形状tabulae (“平板”)。

横板珊瑚亚纲的；有横隔板的 （指细胞内发达的水平分隔板）

[W]e find the Zoantharia, in section (1), divided into tabulate and non-tabulate corals. The specimen before us is evidently tabulate, and we therefore follow the reference to section (2), where we find the tabulate corals divided into those with and those without cœnenchyma.

1865，Samuel Haughton，“Lecture VIII”, in Manual of Geology (Galbraith and Haughton’s Scientific Manuals, Experimental and Natural Science Series)，London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green, →OCLC，頁 192:

On the Zoological Affinities of the Tabulate Corals; by Prof. A. E. Verrill。—The questions discussed in this paper were the position of the tabulate corals among Polyps, and the true value of the tabulate structure in classification. […] Prof. [Addison Emery] Verrill, therefore, concludes that the tabulate structure is of secondary importance as a character, in fixing their affinities, and that the Tabulata must be dismembered,—Halisites, Millepora, and their allies, being classed as Hydroids; and Pocillopora and Favosites with other extinct tabulated genera, as true Polyps.

1868 January，“American Association for the Advancement of Science”, in The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist: A Bi-monthly Journal of Natural Science, Conducted by a Committee of the Natural History Society of Montreal (Second Series)，卷 III, 期 4, Montreal, Que.: Dawson Brothers, Great St. James Street, →OCLC，頁s 294–295:

The large corallites are tabulate, with indistinctly differentiated walls, provided with obtusely triangular and irregular septa, and having their visceral cavities more or less freely connected with one another by lateral horizontal channels, which penetrate the interstitial tubular tissue.

1879，H[enry] Alleyne Nicholson，“Thecidæ and Helioporidæ”, in On the Structure and Affinities of the “Tabulate Corals” of the Palæozoic Period: With Critical Descriptions of Illustrative Species，Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC，頁 236:


tantamount

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 tant amount，源自amunter，源自tant (“如此”) amonter (“总计”)。

more tantamount (comparative)
most tantamount (superlative)

等同的，基本上是...的

It's tantamount to fraud.

In this view, disagreement and treason are tantamount.

这个观点下，不同意就相当于叛变。

[…] expecting the woman to take her attacker into physical custody is tantamount to preventing the arrest. If she could handle him, she probably would not need to call the police in the first place.

In Bosnia, as in Rwanda, however, passive neutrality was tantamount to complicity with the perpetrators of “ethnic cleansing” and mass murder.

2003年March3日，Philip Gourevitch，“The Optimist”, in The New Yorker:

Russia has said that it considers the weapons and other increased military aid that Western governments are sending to Ukraine tantamount to war, and has implied that it might strike NATO convoys.

2022年March16日，Max Fisher，“As Russia Digs In, What’s the Risk of Nuclear War? ‘It’s Not Zero.’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


transitive

* 来自拉丁语trānsitīvus，源自trānsitus，由trāns (“穿过”)和itus（源自eō，走）构成。


absorbing

/əbˈzɔː.bɪŋ/

/əbˈsɔː.bɪŋ/

/æbˈzɔɹ.bɪŋ/

/æbˈsɔɹ.bɪŋ/

/əbˈzɔɹ.bɪŋ/

/əbˈsɔɹ.bɪŋ/


aerospace

more aerospace (comparative)
most aerospace (superlative)


über

:源自德語 über。亦写作 uber。

超级的，特别（好、高）的，高级的，一等的


stark

源自中古英語 stark、starc，源自古英語 stearc、starc (“僵硬的；不屈的，固执的；强大的；猛烈的，凶猛的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *stark，源自原始日耳曼語 *starkuz (“强大的”)，源自原始印歐語 *(s)terg- (“僵硬”)。
同源词包括薩特弗里斯蘭語 sterc (“强的”)、荷蘭語 sterk (“强的”)、低地德語 sterk (“强的”)、德語 stark (“强的”)、丹麥語 stærk (“强的”)、瑞典語 stark (“强的”)、挪威語 sterk (“强的”)、冰島語 sterkur (“强的”)。与starch有关。
短语stark naked实际上变换自中古英語 stert naked，源自stert (“尾巴”)，字面上等价于butt naked。

starker (comparative)
starkest (superlative)

猛烈的，凶猛的 （现在主要用于描述天气）

Of all the transitions brought about on the Earth’s surface by temperature change, the melting of ice into water is the starkest. It is binary. And for the land beneath, the air above and the life around, it changes everything.

2013年May11日，“The climate of Tibet: Pole-land”, in The Economist，卷 407, 期 8835，頁 80:

His heauie head, deuoide of carefull carke, / Whose sences all were straight benumbd and starke.

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book I, Canto I”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 44:

平凡的，枯燥的，简陋的，荒芜的

I picked my way forlornly through the stark, sharp rocks.

我艰难地跋涉过荒凉陡峭的岩石。

I screamed in stark terror.

A flower was growing, in stark contrast, out of the sidewalk.

Rhetoric is very good or stark naught; there's no medium in rhetoric.

1689 (first published posthumously), John Selden, Table-Talk


averse

源自拉丁語 aversus，avertere (“背过身；避免”)的过去分词。

more averse (comparative)
most averse (superlative)

adverse和averse两词有时会混淆，虽然两者词义并不相同。adverse常指某物与某人的利益相悖，即某人会称作adversity或adversary的东西 — （adverse winds; an attitude adverse to our ideals——逆风；与我们理想相悖的态度）。averse一般形容人，表示人反对，抵触某物（a leader averse to war; an investor averse to risk taking——厌恶战争的领导人；不愿冒风险的投资者）。averse常与to连用，构成如“I am averse to…”的形式。adverse少用于此类构式，因为它形容的是物不是人。

be averse to something / to do something

This is why the most eminent intellects have always been strongly averse to any kind of disturbance, interruption and distraction, and above everything to that violent interruption which is caused by noise; other people do not take any particular notice of this sort of thing.

2004，Arthur Schopenhauer，章號 2, in Essays of Schopenhauer:

“I assure you, cousin,” replied the old gentleman, “that the Baron, notwithstanding his unpleasant manner, is really one of the most excellent and kind-hearted men in the world. As I have already told you, he did not assume these manners until the time he became lord of the entail; previous to then he was a modest, gentle youth. Besides, he is not, after all, so bad as you make him out to be; and further, I should like to know why you are so averse to him.” As my uncle said these words he smiled mockingly, and the blood rushed hotly and furiously into my face.


stricken

［正式］（ ~ (with sth)）受煎熬的；患病的；遭受挫折的

［正式］遭受…的；受…之困的


cartable

more cartable (comparative)
most cartable (superlative)

a device of cartable size

a cartable road


charrier

charry 的比較級形式。


chétif

more chétif (comparative)
most chétif (superlative)

It was hard to believe this gay, good-looking young chap, laughing and making mock of the very religion he was going into, was the chétif little boy who used to follow the big Horace everywhere and couldn't live without him.

1974，GB Edwards，The Book of Ebenezer Le Page，New York, 出版於 2007，頁 130:


anxious

令人焦虑的，流露出忧虑的


agitated

/ˈæd͡ʒɪteɪtɪd/


tactful

圆通的，得体的，不得罪人的


sultry

（女子或其外表）姿色迷人的；风情万种的；性感的


shit

:< 古英语 scite（粪）、scitte（腹泻） < 原始日耳曼语 *skit- < 原始印欧语 *skheid-（分，离）。 与中古低地德语 schite、中古荷兰语 schitte、荷兰语 schijt、德语 Scheiße、瑞典语 skit、挪威语 skitt 和冰岛语 skítur 同源。 另对比 shite。

more shit (comparative)
shitter (comparative)
most shit (superlative)
shittest (superlative)

〈俗〉可恶的，不友善的，不道德的


separate

:< 拉丁语 separatus——separare 的被动完成分词 < sepire, saepire（围）。

（~ from sth/sb）单独的；独立的；分开的

〈多修饰名词〉不同的；不相关的


bona fide

源自拉丁語 bonā fidē (“以善意”)，bona fidēs (“善意”)的斜格。

有时被当做不存在的词*bonafy的过去分词，而误拼作*bonafied。

Although he failed, the prime minister made a bona fide attempt to repair the nation's damaged economy.

This is a bona fide Roman coin.

What intrigues us is what will happen when the ersatzes for the ersatzes come along. Will characters start substituting for actors, bona fide dogs for barking ladies; will people start looking at people again instead of television and at nature instead of at documentaries?

1955年June30日，“Ersatzes for Ersatzes”, in The Christian Science Monitor，卷 47, 期 182:

Ulysses Everett McGill: I am the only daddy you got! I’m the damn pater familias!
Wharvey Gal: But you ain’t bona fide!

2000，Joel Coen, Ethan Coen，O Brother, Where Art Thou?:


sparkling

/ˈspɑɹkl̩ɪŋ/

/ˈspɑːkl̩ɪŋ/


saccharine

故作多情的，情感过分强烈而显夸张的


revealing

more revealing (comparative)
most revealing (superlative)

穿着暴露的，穿着过于性感的


aggrieved

（~ (at/by sth.)）愤愤不平的；感到受委屈的


ajar

(门窗等)打开一半的，半开的，虚掩的。

不和谐的，不融洽的，复杂矛盾的。


halal

阿拉伯语 حَلَال (ḥalāl)


exorbitant

源自晚期拉丁語 exorbitāns，exorbitō (“偏离道路”)的现在分词，源自ex (“出，离”) + orbita (“车辙”)，见orbit。对比法語 exorbitant。

more exorbitant (comparative)
most exorbitant (superlative)

/ɪɡˈzɔːbɪtənt/

/ɛɡˈzɔːbɪtənt/

It’s a nice car, but they are charging an exorbitant price for it.

这车不错，但是价格太贵了。

You also have to pay exorbitant interest if you have credit card debt.

如果你有信用卡欠款的话，你可能也要交高昂的利息。

But whatever might be the internal thoughts of Macedonian officers, they held their peace before Alexander [the Great], whose formidable character and exorbitant self-estimation would tolerate no criticism.

1856，George Grote，“Military Operations and Conquests of Alexander, after His Winter-quarters in Persis, down to His Death At Babylon”, in History of Greece，卷 XII, London: John Murray, […], part II，頁 282:

[M]any low-income people are "unbanked" (not served by a financial institution), and thus nearly eaten alive by exorbitant fees.

2015年January18日，Charles M[cRay] Blow，“How expensive is it to be poor [print version: International New York Times, 20 January 2015, page 7]”, in The New York Times:


fleischig

源自意第緒語 פֿליישיק (fleyshik，“含肉的”)。拼写受到了德語 fleischig (“多肉的”)的影响。fleshy 的同源對似詞。

用来处理肉的；被肉弄脏了的

最近吃过肉而不能吃含乳食品的


sexy

sexier (comparative)
sexiest (superlative)

富有魅力的；迷人的；有吸引力的


unheimlich

more unheimlich (comparative)
most unheimlich (superlative)

诡异的，离奇的 （自19世纪）

My point is that there is no grand single line, everything is in bits, & often absolutely dead, & always very unheimlich, almost macabre.

Werfner, damn him, keen-witted but unheimlich, is obsessed with railway lines

2006，Thomas Pynchon，Against the Day，Vintage, 出版於 2007，頁 272:

The music rings throughout the hall, somewhat unheimlich, given that the place is so empty.

2009，Søren Kirkegaard，譯者 MG Piety, Repetition，Oxford，頁 33:


wacker

wack 的比較級形式。


tubular

就词形分析为tubule + -ar。一般认为义项“很棒的”源自冲浪界行话，指“很棒的”浪是那些像管子一样将冲浪者围起来的浪。

more tubular (comparative)
most tubular (superlative)

tubular bell

管子的，和管子有关的，管子制成的

It was such a tubular party, Journal! But a few minutes later, I walked up to the Hermosa Beach Pier and left the girls with my things, thinking the totally bitchin' party would continue. But when I got back, they were all gone.

2007，Brian Laesch，The Verge of Psychosis: An Aspiring Actor's Journal:


utile

more utile (comparative)
most utile (superlative)


Aboriginal

:1650, 1698年始用于指欧洲国家殖民地地区的原住民。1820–29年始用于指澳洲原住民。源自 aborigine (1540–50) + -al，aborigine 则是由复数 aborigines 逆产生得到。aborigines 为拉丁语源，古典时曾指意大利和希腊的原住民，有“原住民”、“城市建立者”之意；可能源自 ab origine（自始）。

（澳洲）土著的，原住民的


abysmal

more abysmal (comparative)
most abysmal (superlative)

unending

深渊的，与深渊有关的，深不可测的 （首次可考于17世纪中叶）

profound

深渊的，与深渊有关的，深不可测的 （首次可考于17世纪中叶）

fathomless

深渊的，与深渊有关的，深不可测的 （首次可考于17世纪中叶）

immeasurable

深渊的，与深渊有关的，深不可测的 （首次可考于17世纪中叶）

深渊的，与深渊有关的，深不可测的 （首次可考于17世纪中叶）

（First attested in the early 19ᵗʰ century.）

Robben curled an effort against the foot of the post from the edge of the box after being gifted the ball by an abysmal clearance from keeper Stephan Andersen。

2012年June9日，Owen Phillips，“Euro 2012: Netherlands 0-1 Denmark”, in BBC Sport:


accursed

* 首次可考于13世纪初
* 源自中古英語 acursed，源自acursen (“诅咒”)，源自古英語 ācursian，源自ā + cursen，源自curs (“诅咒”)。

more accursed (comparative)
most accursed (superlative)

Accursed race of Tiriel. behold your father // Come forth & look on her that bore you. come you accursed sons.

Lo! they are charged with studying the accursed cabalistical secrets of the Jews, and the magic of the Paynim Saracens.

1819, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe, Chapter 35,

[…] Alaeddin ate and drank and was cheered and after he had rested and had recovered spirits he cried, "Ah, O my mother, I have a sore grievance against thee for leaving me to that accursed wight who strave to compass my destruction and designed to take my life. Know that I beheld Death with mine own eyes at the hand of this damned wretch, whom thou didst certify to be my uncle; […]

1885, Richard F. Burton, The Supplemental Nights to the Thousand Nights and a Night, Night 532:

[…] —if any one, be he who he may, attempt to alter the faith once for all delivered, let him be accursed.

1885, Charles Abel Heurtley (translator), The Commonitory of Vincent of Lérins, Chapter 8,

For at the very moment I become accursed, at that same highest moment, I become exactly like a heathen […]

1912, Fyodor Dostoevsky, translated by Constance Garnett, The Brothers Karamazov, Book III, Chapter 7,

We did not come here to waste words in treating with Sauron, faithless and accursed; still less with one of his slaves. Begone!

1955, J.R.R. Tolkien, The Return of the King, The Return of the King/Book V, Chapter 10


acerbic

17世纪起可考，源自拉丁語 acerbus (“酸的，苦的”)。

more acerbic (comparative)
most acerbic (superlative)

Those consumers who object to the acerbic taste of garlic can purchase de-odorized garlic or allicin extract.

1998年August5日，Dr. Peter Gott，“Can inhaler cause addiction?”, in Catoosa County News, retrieved 2009-09-19:

Supercompetent, superconfident and supercritical, Schmidt is a gifted orator whose acerbic wit earned him the nickname "Schmidt the Lip."

1986年September22日，“West Germany: Last Taunts From the Lip”, in Time, retrieved 2014-04-25:

[H]e is one of the most acerbic people in his field, quick to take offense and not shy about telling people with whom he disagrees how much he thinks they have failed in thought and action.

2005年May5日，Jay Mathews，“Don't Fire This Professor”, in Washington Post，頁 T6:


acquainted

more acquainted (comparative)
most acquainted (superlative)

熟悉的；认识的；了解的；有知识的


acrobatic

more acrobatic (comparative)
most acrobatic (superlative)

/ˌækɹəˈbætɪk/


taciturn

taciturnity 的逆構詞，源自中古英語 taciturnite，源自拉丁語 taciturnitas；或者，源自法語 taciturne，得到了拉丁語 taciturnus的增强，源自tacitus (“秘密的，缄默的”)。

more taciturn (comparative)
most taciturn (superlative)

The two sisters could hardly have been more different, one so boisterous and expressive, the other so taciturn and calm.

两姐妹简直天差地别，一个又吵闹又有表现力，另一个显得沉默寡言而文静。

We are each of an unsocial, taciturn disposition, unwilling to speak, unless we expect to say something that will amaze the whole room, and be handed down to posterity with all the eclat of a proverb.

1813，Jane Austen，Pride and Prejudice, Chapter 18:

We spent a lot of time up on the staging of the great furnaces, trying to pick up the tricks of the trade from the taciturn furnacemen who sat around placidly smoking, or chewing twist, and occasionally throwing in more pig iron to the molten white-hot metal.

1945 January and February，A Former Pupil，“Some Memories of Crewe Works—III”, in Railway Magazine，頁 14:


fair dinkum

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/EN-AU ck1 fair dinkum.ogg


rhotic

（关于英语方言）有r儿音的；指将词中所有 r 全部念出的英语方言，如将 bar 念为 /bɑːr/，将 bard 和 barred 念为 /bɑːrd/，等等。美式、加拿大式英语，以及英国西北、爱尔兰和苏格兰的英语方言，基本都是 rhotic 的。

（关于音素）类似英语词中 r 音的；包括 /ɹ/, /ɻ/, /ɚ/, /ɝ/ invalid IPA characters ( // // // )，甚至 /r/。


emo

more emo (comparative)
most emo (superlative)

（常贬）动感情的，敏感的


starey

starier (comparative)
stariest (superlative)

盯着的，盯着看的，张目注视的


strong

stronger (comparative)
strongest (superlative)

壮的，强壮的，有力的，强健的

有权势的，有影响的，有实力的

坚定的，坚决的，不动摇的，始终不渝的

坚强的，有主见的，有胆量的

健康的，强壮的，身体好的

坚挺的，行情看涨的，呈强势的

强烈的，浓烈的，明显的；醒目的，响亮的


ital

:< vital，词首辅音脱落。

（牙买加、拉斯特法里运动）廉价的、不加盐的、一锅煮出来的、纯净的、天然的食物


awesome

:源自awe + -some。 对比古英語 eġeful (“可怕的，令人肃然起敬的”)。

more awesome (comparative)
most awesome (superlative)

令人惊叹的，叹为观止的；令人惊惧的，吓人的

棒，好，给力，漂亮，不错


scrutable

more scrutable (comparative)
most scrutable (superlative)


amiss

more amiss (comparative)
most amiss (superlative)

He suspected something was amiss.

Something amiss in the arrangements had distracted the staff.

His wisdom and virtue cannot always rectify that which is amiss in himself or his circumstances.

1722，William Wollaston，The Religion of Nature Delineated:

Moreover, all were furnished with carbines and cartridge boxes, and the leader was armed with a sabre with a leather sheath. This was not so much amiss, and would do very well at a distance: but during the two hours' halt at the village aforesaid, I took it into my head, while the owners were enjoying their siesta under the shade of the gateway, just to stride in among them, and take a nearer inspection of the weapons.

1836，Charles Joseph La Trobe，The Rambler in Mexico:

There is a strong feeling across the land that something is amiss in America. You sometimes hear about these feelings when people discuss their concerns about how the baby boom generation is going to bankrupt our social security or Medicare programs, or about the growing size of the national debt that will be paid for by future generations.

2009，Robert Perrucci, Carolyn Cummings Perrucci，America at Risk: The Crisis of Hope, Trust, and Caring:


uncoordinated

more uncoordinated (comparative)
most uncoordinated (superlative)


advantageous

advantage + -ous或来自中古法語 avantageus（法语avantageux）。见advantage。

more advantageous (comparative)
most advantageous (superlative)


tacky

tackier (comparative)
tackiest (superlative)

This paint isn't dry yet; it's still a bit tacky.

这片油漆还没干，还有点黏。


tacky

词义“没品位的”，自1888年，源自早期词义“破烂的”。参见tackey (“无人照料的马”)，自19世纪起是美国南部口语词，后普及。

That market stall sells all sorts of tacky ornaments.

那个摊卖好多劣质装饰品。

低劣的，没品味的，低俗的

That was a tacky thing to say.

Steve Randle was seventeen, tall and lean, with thick greasy hair he kept combed in complicated swirls. He was tacky, smart, and Soda's best buddy since grade school.


all-around

He is said to be a greater hunter and an all around sport.

1909，Horace A. Taylor，Tales of Travel All Around the World，頁 149:

If you want to polish your reputation as an all-around digital photographer, plan on developing at least a modicum of skill with a decent image editing program.

2004，David D. Busch，Digital Photography All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies，頁 15:

But it was as an all-around performer that Gill established his reputation.

2005，Frank Zarnowski，All-around Men: Heroes of a Forgotten Sport，頁 98:

While Willie Mays's famous catch off the bat of Vic Wertz and Dusty Rhodes's clutch hitting are what fans remember most about the 1954 World Series, Thompson was easily the all-around best in those four games.

1994，Larry Moffi，Crossing the Line: Black Major Leaguers, 1947-1959，頁 18:

Children must be given the opportunity to communicate in an all-around way, using language, drawing, music, drama, play, etc. (hence the expression "a child has a hundred languages").

2009，Ole Fredrik Lillemyr，Taking Play Seriously，頁 67:

As mentioned above, the construction of modern population culture is an important and difficult task toward realizing the goal of population development for building a well-off society in an all-around way.

2014，Xueyuan Tian，The Hope of the Country with a Large Population:


amphibious

源自古希臘語 ἀμφίβιος (amphíbios)。源自ἀμφί (amphí) + βίος (bíos，“生命”)。

an amphibious vehicle

an amphibious attack

Most Dutch cities began on a terp or artificial mound to which the prehistoric amphibious folk rushed for refuge when floods rolled in.

Taiwan’s navy has taken delivery of a new, domestically made amphibious warfare ship that can be used to land troops and bolster supply lines to vulnerable islands, part of a push by Taiwan’s President Tsai Ing-wen to achieve defence self-sufficiency.

2022年September30日，“Taiwan adds new amphibious warfare ship to defence inventory”, in Al Jazeera，存檔自the original on 2022-09-30:


aforementioned

/əˈfɔːˌmɛn.ʃənd/

/əˈfɔɹˌmɛn.ʃənd/

上述，之前提及的，前面提到的


stalwart

借自低地蘇格蘭語 stalwart，受到了Walter Scott（沃尔特·司各特）的影响，取代了早期的stalworth，它也是本词的同源对似词。源自中古英語 stal-worth (“强壮的，威猛的；勇敢的”)，源自古英語 stǣlwierþe (“状态好的，能使用的”)，可能源自staþol (“机构”)（最终源自原始印歐語 *steh₂- (“站”)）或者stǣl (“地方；状态，条件”) + -wierþe (表示“能够做...”的后缀)（可能最终源自原始印歐語 *wert- (“转”)）。

more stalwart (comparative)
most stalwart (superlative)

This true Man ſoon aſſembled him beforn: / Three Sons he had that ſtalwart were and bold, / And twenty Men of Kin in his Houſhold.

1709，[Henry the Minstrel]，“How Wallace Came into Scotland Again at the Battel of Elchok-Park”, in The Life and Acts of the Most Famous and Valiant Champion, Sir William Wallace, Knight of Ellerslie; Maintainer of the Liberty of Scotland. With a Preface Containing a Short Sum of the History of that Time，Edinburgh: Printed by the heirs and successors of Andrew Anderson, printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, →OCLC, book XII，頁 304:

[A] stalwart leather-clad "boy," just returned from trapping on the waters of Grand River, on the western side the mountains, who interlards his mountain jargon with Spanish words picked up in Taos and California.

1849，George Frederick Ruxton，章號 III, in Life in the Far West (Plains and Rockies; 175)，Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC，頁 71:

The driver was a stalwart woman who sat at ease in the front seat and drove her car bare-headed. She left a cloud of dust and a trail of gasoline behind her.

1912 August，Willa Sibert Cather，“The Bohemian Girl”, in McClure’s Magazine，卷 XXXIX, 號 4, [New York, N.Y.]: McClure Publications, →OCLC, chapter I，頁 422:

Direct your attention now to the African turtles seen here migrating … Morbo wishes these stalwart nomads peace.

2002年November10日，Aaron Ehasz，“Crimes of the Hot”, in Futurama，季数 5, 集数 1, spoken by Morbo, 經由 Fox Broadcasting Company:

Many other learned men of the age followed him [Romolo Amaseo] to the field, and contended with much zeal for the cause of the Latin; some even went so far as to wish the Italian completely banished entirely from the world. But stalwart champions were not wanting on the other side; and, to be brief, the impulse of public opinion soon swept away all opposition, and the popular cause was triumphant.

1832 October，“Art II.— History of the Italian Language and Dialects. Saggi di Prose e Poesie de’ più celebri Scrittori d’ogni Secolo. VI. vol. 8vo. (Selected by L. Nardini and S. Buonaiuti。) In Londra. 1798.”, in The North American Review，卷 XXXV, 期 LXXVII, Boston, Mass.: Gray and Bowen, […], →OCLC，頁s 301–302:

Now Tomlins always acted as Morgan's major domo in tent or quarters, and was also a stalwart hand either against ox, sheep, or enemy.

1842，E[dward] Howard，章號 XXXI, in Sir Henry Morgan, the Buccaneer，Paris: Baudry's European Library, […] and Stassin and Xavier, […], →OCLC，頁 241:


cost-effective

more cost-effective (comparative)
most cost-effective (superlative)


trusty

源自中古英語 trusty、tristy、tresty，等价于trust + -y。

trustier (comparative)
trustiest (superlative)

She's been using the same trusty sewing machine since she started out, thirty long years ago.

她还在用她三十年前开始时用的牢靠的缝纫机。


adjustable

more adjustable (comparative)
most adjustable (superlative)


sporadic

源自中世紀拉丁語 sporadicus（亦衍生出法語 sporadique、意大利語 sporadico、西班牙語 esporádico），源自古希臘語 σποραδικός (sporadikós)，源自σποράς (sporás，“零星的，分散的”)，源自σπορά (sporá)、σπόρος (spóros，“（种子的）播撒”)。

more sporadic (comparative)
most sporadic (superlative)

It was a stodgy, weary display from Mourinho’s team with only sporadic moments when they threatened Salvatore Sirigu’s goal and their manager seemed bewildered afterwards when he tried to explain what had gone wrong.

2015年March12日，Daniel Taylor，“Chelsea out of Champions League after Thiago Silva sends 10-man PSG through on away goals”, in 卫报（伦敦）:


sullen

源自中古英語 solein，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 soleyn (“alone”)，源自古法語 sole (“一个的，单个的”)，源自拉丁語 sōlus (“独自”)。中古英语中，词义从“单独的”变成“闷闷不乐的”

sullener (comparative)
sullenest (superlative)

And sullen I forsook the imperfect feast.

Sullen and bored the kids stay / And in this way wish away each day
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2007, Steven Wilson, "Normal", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.

a sullen atmosphere

He added not; and Satan bowing low / His gray diſſimulation, diſappear'd / Into thin Air diffuſ'd: for now began / Night with her ſullen wing to double-ſhade / The Deſert; Fowls in thir clay neſts were couch't; / And now wild Beaſts came forth the woods to roam.

1671，John Milton，“The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes，倫敦: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC，頁 27，行s 497–502:

固执的，顽固不化的；棘手的，难处理的

Things are as sullen as we are.

a. 1694, John Tillotson, Imprudence of Atheism


flustered

more flustered (comparative)
most flustered (superlative)

The speaker became quite flustered when she dropped all her notes.

演讲者弄掉了笔记以后慌了手脚。

Behind the scenes, Truss's camp feel positive too—claiming that while she stayed calm Sunak was “flustered”.

2022年July26日，“Tory leadership: Rishi Sunak and Liz Truss in fiercest clash yet over tax”, in BBC News:


staunch

源自中古英語 staunch、staunche (“状态良好的，不需维修的；稳固的，坚实的；防水的；（指人或伤口）不再流血的；肯定的；完好的；坚定地，稳健地”) [以及其他形式]，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 estaunche、古法語 estanche (“稳固的，防水的”)（现代法語 étanche (“气密的；防水的”)），estanc (“池塘”)的变体，源自estanchier (“堵塞（水流，血流等）；使...防水；解（渴）”)（现代法語 étancher），可能源自下列词之一：
* 源自通俗拉丁語 *stagnicāre，源自拉丁語 stāgnum (“一滩死水；池塘；沼泽”)，可能源自原始印歐語 *steh₂g- (“滴；渗”)。
* 源自通俗拉丁語 *stānticāre，源自*stānticus (“疲劳的”)，源自拉丁語 stāns, stāntis (“站立的；遗留的，停留的”)。stāns是stō (“站立；剩余，停留”)的现在主动分词，最终源自原始印歐語 *steh₂- (“站”)。
同源词
* 意大利語 stanco (“疲劳的”)
* 葡萄牙語 estanque (“防水的”)
* 羅曼什語 staunza (“房间”)
* 西班牙語 estanco (“关闭的，密闭的；气密的；防水的”)

stauncher (comparative)
staunchest (superlative)

constant

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

determined

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

persistent

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

firm

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

resolute

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

steadfast

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

unswerving

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

unwavering

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

unyielding

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

防水的，不透水的 气密的，不透气的

稳固的，牢固的；状态良好的

坚定不移的，坚持不懈的，不动摇的

Without our staunch front line the enemy would have split the regiment.

没有我们牢不可破的前线敌人已经把整个团分裂了。

Is it like you, who have known me so long and sought my advice in all matters—like you, who from a girl have had a strong mind and a staunch heart?

1841 February–November，Charles Dickens，“Barnaby Rudge”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock，卷 II, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, chapter 6，頁 265:

[T]ouching the much vexed question of stimulants he relished a glass of choice old wine in season as both nourishing and bloodmaking and possessing aperient virtues (notably a good burgundy which he was a staunch believer in) […]

1922 February，James Joyce，“[Episode 16: Eumaeus]”, in Ulysses，Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos]，頁 571:

The fast-food chain Chick-fil-A was founded by a staunch Christian, is closed on Sundays and has previously donated to organisations with anti-LGBTQ+ stances.

2023年June12日，Tom Dart，“US culture wars come to baseball as MLB celebrates Pride month”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

可靠的，忠实的，值得信任的 能够追寻到猎物踪迹的

He’s been a staunch supporter of mine through every election.

在每次选举中，他都是我忠实的支持者。

Never at any time in its history has there been so much universal anger at and criticism of the Southern. The railway's staunchest friends must concede that most of it is justified.

1959 April，P. Ransome-Wallis，“The Southern in Trouble on the Kent Coast”, in Trains Illustrated，London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 213:


gargantuan

源自法語 Gargantua，弗朗索瓦·拉伯雷所著《巨人传》中一个胃口很大的巨人的名字。该词系拉伯雷从葡萄牙语和西班牙語 garganta (“喉咙”)一词派生而来。

more gargantuan (comparative)
most gargantuan (superlative)

/ɡɑɹˈɡæn.t͡ʃu.ən/

Some distant observers of the Scottish football scene reckon that all - all! - Gerrard has to do is beat Celtic to become a legend. Even if that was true - and, demonstrably, it is not - then it would be a gargantuan task all on its own.

2018年May4日，Tom English，“Steven Gerrard: A 'seriously clever or recklessly stupid' Rangers appointment”, in BBC Sport:

Or the twinkling dining rooms: all frilly net curtains, pink walls, kaleidoscope-patterned carpets and tiny tables, crammed with teetering piles of hand-painted ceramic crockery (think plates covered in colorful swirls and cocktail mugs shaped like heaving bosoms or ladies’ faces) that showcase gargantuan portions of Italian fare.

2019年September14日，Elizabeth Paton，“A Fashion/Food Blowout in the Shadow of Brexit”, in New York Times:

Boxy and unrefined, the Hummer embodied an outlandishly masculine aesthetic that seemed to almost revel in its gargantuan fuel consumption.

2022年April7日，Oliver Milman，“I test-drove the all-electric Hummer. Can it win over America’s EV skeptics?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:


svelte

源自法語 svelte，源自意大利語 svelto (“伸出的”)，svellere (“拔，使...伸展”)的过去分词，源自通俗拉丁語 *exvellere，源自ex + vellere (“拔，扯”)。

svelter (comparative)
sveltest (superlative)

一般用作褒义，而thin、scrawny和skinny等词常带负面色彩。

苗条的，纤美的，纤细的 （自19世纪10年代）

Psychoanalytic theory[…]seemed to promise to introduce a certain becoming amplitude into discussions of what different people are like — only to turn, in its streamlined trajectory across so many institutional boundaries, into the sveltest of metatheoretical disciplines, sleeked down to such elegant operational entities as the mother, the father, the preoedipal, the oedipal, the other or Other.

1990，Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick，Epistemology of the Closet，出版於 2008，頁 24:

Clearly the producers of “The Producers” were so little inclined to tinker with a winning formula that they chose not to excise a few lines of dialogue to accommodate the svelter physique of their new leading man, preposterous though it is that anyone in a fit of pique would deride a fellow as “once-husky.”

2007年January19日，Charles Isherwood，“Welterweight Bialystock Treads Softly on Big Shtick”, in New York Times:

My first priority was to help Trumps lose her pudgy look and gain a healthier, svelter size.

2009，Kim Bloomer，Animals Taught Me That，頁 73:

If her dream of being naked in front of Simon were to come true – and she knew, somehow, that it would – she needed to be the sveltest version of herself that had ever existed. Fries wouldn't help peel away those pounds.

2010，M. S. Simpson，Kabuki in a G-String，頁 158:

Peering down from the cockpit at grazing elephant, you have the feeling that what you are beholding is wonderful, but not authentic. It is not only incongruous in the sense that animals simply are not as big as trees, but also in the sense that the twentieth century, tidy and svelte with stainless steel as it is, would not possibly permit such prehistoric monsters to wander in its garden.

At 61, Bryant looks good – smart and svelte in an electric blue suit, youthful, a full head of hair except for a white scar at the back that looks like a side door into his brain.

2023年August5日，Simon Hattenstone，“Labour MP Chris Bryant on cleaning up parliament, and why he’s not afraid to pick a fight: ‘I’ve got in more scrapes than most people’”, in The Guardian:


squeamish

不详。可能是源自下列词的合并：早期形式squeamous (“神经质的”)，源自中古英語 squaimous、queimous，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 escoimus、escoymous，其词源不详；方言词sweamish、sweemish (“微弱的，神经质的”)，源自sweam (“头昏”)和方言词sweem (“昏倒，迷糊，不适”)，源自中古英語 swemen (“使...伤心，折磨，心虚”)，源自古英語 *swǣman (“烦扰”)。若如此，则与swim (“目眩，昏迷”)有关。参见sweam。

more squeamish (comparative)
most squeamish (superlative)

神经质的，过度紧张的，容易受惊吓的

He might have made a good doctor, had he not been so squeamish at the sight of blood.

如果他不像现在这样那么怕血的话，可能可以当个好医生。


sulky

源自sulk + -y。马车相关词义的产生是由于驾驶员需要独自骑行。

sulkier (comparative)
sulkiest (superlative)

the sulky child

The first question of course was, how to get dry again: they had a consultation about this, and after a few minutes it seemed quite natural to Alice to find herself talking familiarly with them, as if she had known them all her life. Indeed, she had quite a long argument with the Lory, who at last turned sulky, and would only say, “I’m older than you, and must know better.” And this Alice would not allow, without knowing how old it was, and, as the Lory positively refused to tell its age, there was no more to be said.

1865, Lewis Carroll, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland


avaricious

源自中古英語 avaricious，源自古法語 avaricieux，源自avarice，源自拉丁語 avaritia (“贪婪”)，源自avarus (“贪婪的”)，源自avere (“觊觎”)。

more avaricious (comparative)
most avaricious (superlative)

/ˌævəˈɹɪʃəs/

In a word, he was called a hard, avaricious, rapacious man, whose chief business was to enrich himself...

1835，Robert Montgomery Bird，The Hawks of Hawk-Hollow:


suffering

Her last night was very suffering, the anodyne she took gave her no relief, and for the first time she lay till near noon.

1839 August，Beacon，“The deathbed of Voltaire”, in The Christian Beacon，號 8，頁 118:

My heart is full, but my body too suffering to go on.

1862，Ruth Bryan，Handfuls of purpose，頁 427:

I said that Miss Kinney opened the wound; I had not seen the burn then, myself; I was too ill and too suffering to rise up to see the whole surface of it; this was on Thursday morning, the morning after the operation, that I complained of such pain I must have something to relieve it, so she brought these strips of bandages and vaseline, and then she examined the wound, and without saying anything she took this brass pin and pricked it in several places;

1900年May8日，Abram I. Elkus，Supreme Court : Helen D. Ward, Plaintiff, against Saint VIncent's Hospital, of the City of New York, Defendant.，頁 28:

Just to hear them was very suffering ... It must have been so unbearable to have to yell like that.

2005，Great Britain: Parliament: House of Lords: Select Committee on the Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill，Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill (HL)，頁 73:

I was listening her because she was telling me she was very suffering and that she was praying for her pains, for sinners, for poor, for ill people and for afflicted.

2014，Silvia Michela Carrassi，Travels Through Spirit，頁 114:


agreeable

来自中古英語 agreable，来自古法語 agreable；取代了古英語 cweme (“令人愉快的”)。等价于agree + -able。

more agreeable (comparative)
most agreeable (superlative)


heart-wrenching

more heart-wrenching (comparative)
most heart-wrenching (superlative)


telling

more telling (comparative)
most telling (superlative)

有力的，有效的，强效的，效果显著的

a telling blow

意味深长的，有信息量的，重要的

a telling smile

But ever since the concept of "hamartia" recurred through Aristotle's Poetics, in an attempt to describe man's ingrained iniquity, our impulse has been to identify a telling defect in those brought suddenly and dramatically low.

2014年October21日，Oliver Brown，“Oscar Pistorius jailed for five years – sport afforded no protection against his tragic fallibilities: Bladerunner's punishment for killing Reeva Steenkamp is but a frippery when set against the burden that her bereft parents, June and Barry, must carry [print version: No room for sentimentality in this tragedy, 13 September 2014, p. S22]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Sport):

telling evidence


aphrodisiac

借自古希臘語 ἀφροδισιακός (aphrodisiakós，“性欲的”)，源自Ἀφροδίσιος (Aphrodísios，“阿芙罗狄蒂的”)。


sordid

sordider (comparative)
sordidest (superlative)

下流的，卑劣的，可鄙的，肮脏的

He rode slowly home along the deserted road, watching the stars come out in the clear violet sky. They flashed softly into the limpid heavens, like jewels let fall into clear water. They were a reproach, he felt, to a sordid world.

I know it sounds sordid but you'll be rewarded, when at last I've been given my dues.

1994, The Lion King, Be Prepared musical number:

It is a sordid business, this divvying us up by race.

2006, John C. Roberts, concurrence and dissent in part in League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry, 548 U.S. 399 (2006)


unfettered

more unfettered (comparative)
most unfettered (superlative)

unrestricted

自由的，无拘无束的，不受限制的

unbridled

自由的，无拘无束的，不受限制的

fettered

自由的，无拘无束的，不受限制的

In a corner of the market among the pens for cattle, Barnaby knelt down, and pausing every now and then to pass his hand over his father’s face, or look up to him with a smile, knocked off his irons. When he had seen him spring, a free man, to his feet, and had given vent to the transport of delight which the sight awakened, he went to work upon his own, which soon fell rattling down upon the ground, and left his limbs unfettered.

1841，Charles Dickens，章號 68, in Barnaby Rudge:

自由的，无拘无束的，不受限制的

We declare the right of the people of Ireland to the ownership of Ireland, and to the unfettered control of Irish destinies, to be sovereign and indefeasible.

1916，Thomas Clarke，Proclamation of the Irish Republic:

Alexander says she has been accused of censorship "worse than a Syrian dictator" over her quest to have gang-related videos taken down. But her campaign shows the debate over a completely unfettered internet is not clear-cut.

2012年April19日，Josh Halliday，“Free speech haven or lawless cesspool – can the internet be civilised?”, in the Guardian:

The EU was established to oppose the unfettered power of nation states and defuse the rivalries between them.

2018，Michael Cottakis – LSE，“Colliding worlds: Donald Trump and the European Union”, in LSE's blog:

The underlying problem with transport policy is that there no coherent strategy. Ministers have tended to encourage greater use of motor vehicles through both transport and (particularly) planning policies, while simultaneously warning of the terrible consequences of unfettered growth of road use.

2020年December2日，Christian Wolmar，“Wales offers us a glimpse of an integrated transport policy”, in Rail，頁 56:


apostate

源自晚期拉丁語 apostata，源自古希臘語 ἀποστάτης (apostátēs，“反叛”)，源自ἀφίστημι (aphístēmi，“脱离，背叛”)，源自ἀπό (apó，“从，自，离”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi，“站起”)。

We must punish this apostate priest.

我们必须惩罚这个叛教的祭司。

So ſpake th' Apoſtate Angel,

1667，John Milton，“Book I”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行 125:

An enormous number of monks and priests gave themselves up to sorcery, and there was no lack of apostate priests to perform the ceremonies of the Black Mass.

1936，Rollo Ahmed，The Black Art，London: Long，頁 101:


slipshod

slip + shod (“穿着鞋的”)，原指“穿着拖鞋的”。“仓促”一意自19世纪初叶出现。

more slipshod (comparative)
most slipshod (superlative)

slapdash

草草了事的，敷衍的，仓促的

草草了事的，敷衍的，仓促的

Surely there is not another language that is so slipshod and systemless, and so slippery and elusive to the grasp.

1880，Mark Twain，The Awful German Language:

Newspapers pointed at greedy contractors who used shoddy materials, slipshod methods and the help of corrupt officials to bypass building codes.

1999年August22日，Johanna McGeary，“Buried Alive”, in Time:

[T]hey wandered up and down hardly remembering the ways untrodden by their feet so long, and crying [...] as they slunk off in their rags, and dragged their slipshod feet along the pavement.

1840，Charles Dickens，Barnaby Rudge, Chapter 67:

That glossy, well-brushed individual, who lets himself in with a latch-key at the front door at night, is a very different being from the slipshod wretch who growls of mornings for hot water at the door of the kitchen.


supercilious

源自拉丁語 superciliōsus (“自大的，傲慢的”)，源自supercilium (“眉；傲慢”)。

more supercilious (comparative)
most supercilious (superlative)

"I've tried to be a good man, sir, and do my duty honest, and if it wasn't for the supercilus [sic] kind of way in which father carried on last night - a sort of sniffing at me as it were, as though he hadn't no opinion of my references and testimonials - I should feel easy enough in my mind."

1887，H. Rider Haggard，She: A History of Adventure:

Buffeted by criticism of his policy on Europe, battered by rebellion in the ranks over his bill to legalize same-sex marriage and wounded by the perception that he is supercilious, contemptuous and out of touch with mainstream Conservatism, Mr. Cameron earlier this week took the highly unusual step of sending a mass e-mail (or, as he called it, “a personal note”) to his party’s grass-roots members.

2013 May 23, Sarah Lyall, "British Leader’s Liberal Turn Sets Off a Rebellion in His Party," New York Times (retrieved 29 May 2013):


tortuous

源自中古英語 tortuous、tortuose，源自盎格魯-諾曼語和古法語 tortuos，源自拉丁語 tortuōsus，源自tortus (“缠绕”)。

more tortuous (comparative)
most tortuous (superlative)

/ˈtɔːt͡ʃuːəs/

/ˈtɔɹt͡ʃuəs/

本词有很强的负面色彩，可能是受到了发音相近的torturous的影响。 勿与法律用词tortious，及torturous相混淆。

绕的，绕来绕去的，复杂纷繁的，拐弯抹角的

The badger made his dark and tortuous hole on the side of every hill where the copsewood grew thick.

1848，Thomas Babington Macaulay，The History of England from the Accession of James the Second，卷 1, Porter & Coates，頁 243:

The Southern acquired them because the little Class "B4" 0-4-0 tanks were finding heavy modern rolling stock more and more of a handful, and at war's end the railway had nothing of suitable power but short wheelbase on its books to take their place on the more tortuous of the dock lines.

1959 February，G. Freeman Allen，“Southampton—Gateway to the Ocean”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 91:

It still takes almost half a year for the average veteran’s claim for disability benefits to be decided in a tortuous process that can involve four separate hearings.

2007 October 6, “Slogging on the Home Front”, editorial in The New York Times,

But the early Tubes still tended to follow the public streets in order to save money, hence some tortuous curves.

2012，Andrew Martin，Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube，Profile Books, ISBN 978-1846684777，頁 109:


seismic

基于古希臘語 σεισμός (seismós，“摇晃；地震”) + -ic。

With Spurs having avoided a seismic Cup upset, Newport's heroic display will be rewarded with a lucrative replay at Wembley.

2018年January27日，Dafydd Pritchard，“Newport 1 - 1 Tottenham Hotspur”, in BBC Sport:


anionic

more anionic (comparative)
most anionic (superlative)


terse

源自拉丁語 tersus (“干净的，清洁的，擦干净了的；整洁的”)，tergō、tergeō (“清洁；擦拭”)的过去分词，源自原始印歐語 *terh₁- (“擦；转”)。

terser (comparative)
tersest (superlative)

concise

简练的，简洁的，开门见山的

succinct

简练的，简洁的，开门见山的

prolix

简练的，简洁的，开门见山的

verbose

简练的，简洁的，开门见山的

wordy

简练的，简洁的，开门见山的

简练的，简洁的，开门见山的

In eight terse lines has Phædrus told / (So frugal were the Bards of old) / A Tale of Goats; and clos'd with grace / Plan, Moral, all, in that ſhort space.

1777，[George Riley]，The Asses Ears, a Fable. Addressed to the Author of The Goat's Beard [William Whitehead]，London: Printed for G. Riley, […], →OCLC; quoted in “Art. VIII. Asses Ears: A Fable. Addressed to the Author of The Goat’s Beard. 4to. 6d. Riley. 1777. [book review]”, in The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged，卷 LVI, London: Printed for R[alph] Griffiths; and sold by T[homas] Becket, […], March 1777, →OCLC，頁 194:

Your last series contains some of the neatest, tersest, and most unpretendingly original criticism, I have lately met with.

1832 September，[John Wilson]，“Noctes Ambrosianae。No. LXII.”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine，卷 XXXII, 期 CXCVIII, Edinburgh: William Blackwood; London: T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC，頁 409:

The book contains some happily done portrait touches of Napoleon, [...] and this and other aphoristical sentences scattered throughout this volume, [...] form as terse and trenchant a character-sketch of the Emperor as may be found almost anywhere.

1902，G. W. Parker，“Things and Other Things: Letters to Living Authors—IX. Sir [Arthur] Conan Doyle”, in Good Words，London: Isbister and Company Limited […], →OCLC，頁 817，列 1:

Many protested that they had nothing to do with the fighting. At a word from the General the soldiers ripped off the men's shirts and examined the front of their shoulders. If they found bruises that might have been made from the butt of a gun when it had been fired—the terse order was, "Shoot him!" And many of the young men of Trujillo had disappeared.

1946，Clayton Knight，The Quest of the Golden Condor，New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →OCLC，頁 94:

[...] [Samuel] Beckett has become virtually mute, musewise, having progressed from marvellously constructed English sentences through terser and terser French ones to the unsyntactical, unpunctuated prose of Comment C'est and 'ultimately' to wordless mimes.

1977，John Barth，“The Literature of Exhaustion”, in The Novel Today: Contemporary Writers on Modern Fiction，Manchester: Manchester University Press by arrangement with Fontana Books; Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and Littlefield, →ISBN，頁 73:

Mr SPEAKER: If the honourable member could be terse. / Mr O'Flynn: I shall be very terse. It may be my fault, Mr Speaker, but I doubt if you have quite appreciated the point.

1979年August23日，John Richard Harrison, Speaker of the House, Francis Duncan O’Flynn，“[Questions for Oral Answer] Leased Cars—Exemptions”, in Parliamentary Debates (Hansard): First Session, Thirty-ninth Parliament (House of Representatives)，卷 425, Wellington: P. D. Hasselberg, government printer, 出版於 1980, →OCLC，頁 2480:

Having attempted to identify a role for the society and its magazine, Quest, "for the next 40 years", the society chairman, Rhea Williams, decided it was time to close. She announced the group's demise in a terse message to members following the annual meeting, which just 22 people attended.

2012年June4日，Lewis Smith，“Queen’s English Society says enuf is enough, innit?: Society formed 40 years ago to protect language against poor spelling and grammar closes because too few people care”, in The Guardian，London，存檔自the original on 2016-03-10:

'Laura!' The voice halting her was terse. Brusque. She turned. [...] 'Before I go,' he said, and his voice was terse, tighter than ever. 'I want to ensure you understand something.'

2008，Julia James，The Italian's Rags-to-riches Wife (Bedded by … Blackmail; Harlequin Presents; 2716)，Toronto, Ont., New York, N.Y.: Harlequin, →ISBN，頁 107:

My voice was terser than I intended, but what the hell. The night was turning out to be interesting in some ways and extremely frustrating in others.

2018，Zara Cox，Close to The Edge (Mills & Boon Dare)，London: Mills & Boon, →ISBN:

清洁的，光滑的；整洁的 （自17世纪初）


succinct

源自中古英語 succinte、succynt，源自古法語 succinct，源自拉丁語 succinctus，succingō (“从下方束缚”)被动完成时分词，源自sub + cingō (“束缚，包裹，包住”)。

more succinct (comparative)
most succinct (superlative)

You should give clear, succinct information to the clients.

你应该给客户清晰简洁的信息。

The Derby Carriage Works foreman, when informed that this coach was to be run at 90 m.p.h. to obtain information on bogie hunting, is reported to have offered one succinct word of advice - "Don't!"

1961 February，R. K. Evans，“The role of research on British Railways”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 94:

Unlike general lossless data compression algorithms, succinct data structures retain the ability to use them in-place, without decompressing them first.


sappy

源自中古英語 sappy、sapy，源自古英語 sæpiġ (“多汁的”)，等价于sap + -y。同源词包括西弗里斯蘭語 sappig (“多汁的”)、荷蘭語 sappig (“多汁的”)、中古高地德語 saffic、seffec (“多汁的”)（→德語 saftig、丹麥語 saftig (“多汁的”)、瑞典語 saftig (“多汁的”)。zaftig 的同源對似詞。

sappier (comparative)
sappiest (superlative)

To himself, already beginning to resent the new employer as all that morning he had been resenting the old one, Dr. Planish groaned, “He’s getting saintly on me! A careerist in holiness! I'll never be happy till I've got an organization where I’m sole boss—unless it’s one run by a fellow like Colonel Marduc, who has real brains and power—and cash!—and not a lot of sappy sentimentality like Vesper or psychopathic malice like Sneaky Sandy—Oh dear!”

1943，Sinclair Lewis，章號 23, in Gideon Planish:

It was a sappy love song, but it reminded them of their first dance.

这是一首肉麻的情歌，但是让他们想起了他们第一次跳舞。

（指植物）多汁液的，汁液丰富的

But these, tho’ fed with careful dirt,
Are neither green nor sappy;
Half-conscious of the garden-squirt,
The spindlings look unhappy,

As always, there was a fizzing, popping blaze of pine and sappy apple logs in the fireplace.

1976，Kurt Vonnegut，章號 8, in Slapstick，Delacorte Press，頁 61:

The corridor stinks of sweat and cigarette smoke, and I daringly open the window a little. The freshest air floats in, smelling of sappy grasses, the delicate pollens of wild flowers, the resins of the pine forests; hinting atthe chill blue scent of distant snows.

2013，Margaret Leroy，The English Girl, →ISBN:

juicy (“多汁的”)之同義詞

In her left hand a Cup of gold she held,

1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, Book Two, Canto XII, Stanza 56, edited by Erik Gray, Hackett, 2006, p. 214,

The words of the third article are: She will suck me at my best end. Why not? That pleaseth me right well. You know the thing; I need not tell you that it is my intercrural pudding with one end. I swear and promise that, in what I can, I will preserve it sappy, full of juice, and as well victualled for her use as may be.

1693, François Rabelais, Gargantua and Pantagruel, Book III, (1546), translated by Thomas Urquhart, Chapter 18,

The Stones (a Miracle to Mortal View,

1717, Ovid, Metamorphoses, translated by John Dryden, London: J. and R. Tonson, 4th edition, 1736, Book I, pp. 21-22,

海绵质的 （有大量空隙让树的汁液流动的）

In flush-framing if is observable, that the failure of all timber in old buildings has commenced much sooner than they otherwise would have done, owing to the sappy wood being at the corners of the principal beams, which soon decays, as its spongy quality attracts the moisture; whereas the heart, espescially of oak, will be as sound as the first day it was used.

1816，George Gregory，A Dictionary of Arts and Sciences - Volume 3，頁 5:

...wood is of a soft spungy nature ; sappy, and alluring to the worm.

1834，William Gilpin, Thomas Dick Lauder，Remarks on Forest Scenery and Other Woodland Views，頁 98:

I can state some of them here on a. book ; I have the particulars at home, but I can give you some of them here ; this is the Twelfth street pier, number fifty-four [reading from memorandum], 12x12 pine sticks, wormy and sappy ; one sappy ; one piece 12x12 completely rotten

1876，Documents of the Senate of the State of New York:

The reason of which difference may probably be, that the charring of Vegetables, being an operation quickly perform'd, and whilest the Wood is sappy, the more solid parts may more easily shrink together, and contract the pores or interstitia between them, then in the rotten Wood, where that natural juice seems onely to be wash'd away by adventitious or unnatural moisturel and so though the natural juice be wasted from between the firm parts, yet those parts are kept asunder by the adventitious moystures, and so by degrees settled in those postures.

2007，Robert Hooke -，Micrographia Or Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies, →ISBN，頁 107:


sappy

对比拉丁語 sapere (“尝”)。

more sappy (comparative)
most sappy (superlative)

sappie or unsavourie flesh

Sapy [denotes] a moisture contracted on the outward surface of meats, which is the first stage of dissolution.

Some housekeepers prepare their hung beef in this manner: Take the navel piece, and hang it up in your cellar as long as it will keep good, and til it begins to be a little sappy.

1804，John Farley，The London Art of Cookery, and Housekeeper's Complete Assistant:

Sappy meat was explained to consist of a number of little vesicles filled with very minute particles, which presented the Brownian motion, and which Mr. Berkeley suggested, from their known effects on meat, might possibly be the cause of cholera, hospital gangrene, or other diseases.

1875，English mechanic and world of science:

In this respect lamb is peculiarly suspectible to deterioration on passing the “sappy” stage.

1921，National Wool Grower - Volumes 11-12，頁 17:


agonized

more agonized (comparative)
most agonized (superlative)

agonised (“感到極度痛苦的”)的另一種拼寫法


jumbled

more jumbled (comparative)
most jumbled (superlative)


dead as a dodo

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-dead as a dodo.ogg


self-effacing

more self-effacing (comparative)
most self-effacing (superlative)

内敛的，害羞的，不愿意表现自己的，不愿意出风头的，极度谦虚的

Clark Kent's self-effacing behavior is to purposefully make people ignore him.

Clark Kent的低调是为了故意不让人注意到他。

His personality was also extremely endearing, his interviews were very self-effacing (and), he came over as gentle and was generous in his praise of others.

2007年January3日，Ian Gillan，“DEEP PURPLE Frontman: ELVIS PRESLEY 'Was The Greatest Singer That Ever Lived'”, in blabbermouth.net:

I'm sorry if I seem self-effacing / Consumed by selfish thoughts / It's only that I still love you deeply / It's all the love I got

2010，“Age of Adz”, in The Age of Adz，演出者 Sufjan Stevens:


undesired

more undesired (comparative)
most undesired (superlative)


adventurous

< 中古英語 aventurous, aunterous ，借自古法語 aventuros（參見现代法語 aventureux）

more adventurous (comparative)
most adventurous (superlative)

（指人）倾向冒险的；愿意去面对风险的；倾向从事有风险的行业的；大胆的。

（指行为）充满风险的；有风险倾向的；面临危险的；需要勇气的；草率的。


ass

arse的北美变体。最终源自中古英語 ars、ers，源自古英語 ærs、ears，源自原始西日耳曼語 *ars，源自原始日耳曼語 *arsaz（对比古高地德語 ars（德語 Arsch）、古諾爾斯語 ars、古弗里斯蘭語 ers），源自原始印歐語 *h₃érsos（对比古希臘語 ὄρρος (órrhos)）。
有不少人认为该词曾为委婉词，但它其实原是为了反映舌尖音（尤其是/s/）前/ɹ/被合并的发音拼写（更早期的形式arse仍通用于英国、澳大利亚、新西兰等地），该现象在中古英语起的非标准口语中就有出现。该现象与之后出现R音脱落不同，因为/ɹ/在能影响其前驱音之前就已经脱落。该现象影响到的其他词（部分词保留了两种形式且词义有所不同）有cuss←curse、gash←garsh、bass (“鲈鱼”)←barse、bust←burst、passel←parcel，参见:en:Category:English terms with assimilation of historic /ɹ/。

On a recent episode of "The Justin Dunning Podcast," Starkel shared his thoughts on Martell, a former Ohio State quarterback, saying "he's ass my dude" in reference to Starkel.

2019年February5日，Alex Miller，“Former Texas A&M QB Nick Starkel breaks down old Twitter beef with Tate Martell”, in Dallas Morning News:

For some reason, the teenager thought it’d be a good idea to criticize Newton and say he's "ass" and that he’s "about to be poor" because he's a free agent.

2021年February21日，Thomas Carannante，“Patriots: Cam Newton getting disrespected by a teenager is everything that’s wrong with society”, in Fansided:

"You're so ass," Murray says to another player.

2021年October28日，Josh Weinfuss，“What we learned about Arizona Cardinals quarterback Kyler Murray by watching him on Twitch”, in ESPN:


aghast

源自中古英語 agast、agasted，agasten (“使...恐惧”)的过去分词，源自古英語 a-（对比哥特語 𐌿𐍃- (us-)、德語 er-，原指“外，出”） + gæstan (“惊吓，虐待”)：对比哥特語 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan，“惊吓”，字面意思是“通过恐惧定住”)，与拉丁語 haerere (“粘住，附着于”)同源。对比gaze、hesitate。

more aghast (comparative)
most aghast (superlative)

惊呆了的，惊诧的；恐惧的

I was aghast when the incident unfolded in front of me.

事情在我眼前发生，把我吓住了。

And while the revellers stood aghast at the fury of the man, one more wicked or, it may be, more drunken than the rest, cried out that they should put the hounds upon her.

1902，Arthur Conan Doyle.，The Hound of the Baskervilles:

I am agog! I am aghast! Is Marius in love at last?

1985, Les Misérables, the song "Red and Black"

We sat at a long table with a huge salmon on a platter in the center, prepared Szechuan style. Dad sat at one end of the table, and regaled all present with his stories. In the middle of one convoluted yarn, he rose and went around to the salmon in the center of the table. Using his fingers, he dug an eyeball out of the fish, popped it in his mouth and swallowed it whole as we looked on, aghast. “A real delicacy,” he said, with a boyish smirk.

2003，Brian Herbert，“Xanadu”, in Dreamer of Dune，New York: Tom Doherty Associates, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 259:

Hart, for one, will not remember the night for Lambert's heroics. Morrison, not closed down quickly enough, struck his shot well but England's No1 will be aghast at the way it struck his gloves then skidded off his knees and into the net.


aflame

more aflame (comparative)
most aflame (superlative)

She said nothing and simply stared at him, eyes aflame.

她一言不发，只盯着他看，眼睛里燃着怒火。


décolleté

借自法語 décolleté，源自décolleter (“露出脖子或衣領”)。

more décolleté (comparative)
most décolleté (superlative)

"She does not remember my short frocks at all, Lord Henry. But I remember her very well at Vienna thirty years ago, and how décolletée she was then."
「她根本不記得我的短連衣裙，亨利勳爵。但我記得很清楚，三十年前她在維也納，那時她是多麼的露骨。」

1890, Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray, ch. XV:


starchy

starchier (comparative)
more starchy (comparative)
starchiest (superlative)
most starchy (superlative)


athermic

/ˌeɪˈθɜɹmɪk/


klutzy

klutzier (comparative)
klutziest (superlative)

笨拙的，笨手笨脚的；不善言辞的


Libyan

Libya + -an。自16世纪开始使用此词。


Azorean

亚速尔群岛的，与亚速尔群岛有关的。


extraprovincial

/ˌɛkstɹəˈpɹɒvɪnʃəl̩/


topless

（常指女性）赤裸上身的，上空的。

议会投票允许在海滩上裸体游泳。

The council voted to allow topless swimmers on the beach.

（指地方）以赤裸上身的女性（通常为脱衣舞者）为特征的。

只有她最亲近的朋友知道，詹妮为了大学费用，在一个脱衣舞酒吧工作。

Only her closest friends knew that Jenny was working at a topless bar to help with college expenses.


agricultural

/ˌæɡɹɪˈkəltjʊəɹəl/

/ˌæɡɹɪˈkəlt͡ʃəɹəl/


scrawny

方言词scranny (“薄的，骨瘦如柴的，欠缺的，劣质的”)的变体，可能是源自古諾爾斯語 skran (“垃圾”) + -y。对比挪威語 skran (“骨瘦如柴的”)、英語 scrannel (“瘦的，无价值的”)。
另可能源自古諾爾斯語 skrælna (“枯萎”).

scrawnier (comparative)
scrawniest (superlative)

“Tell him, in these words, that I will have his scrawny bones before me now. Tell him, Byar, and bring him if you must arrest him and those filthy wretches who disgrace the Children. Go.”

1992，Robert Jordan，“Chapter 31: Assurances”, in The Shadow Rising (The Wheel of Time; 4)，London: Orbit Books, 出版於 2021, →ISBN，頁 498:


Vatican

源自拉丁语 Vātī̆cānus（“梵蒂冈山”） ← vāticinārī（“预告；预言”）

梵蒂冈的，与梵蒂冈有关的


interspersed

more interspersed (comparative)
most interspersed (superlative)

When comparing two files, diff finds sequences of lines common to both files, interspersed with groups of differing lines called hunks.
當比較兩檔案的差異時，diff命令會找到兩檔案中共通的行的序列，其間交雜著叫做hunks的內容不同的行的群體們。

Comparing and Merging Files: Hunks, GNU Diffutils Manual:


urothermal

以脲衍生物为溶剂的热合成法的，脲热合成的


OP

out of print (“绝版的，已停印的”)之縮寫。

I know they are going to tweak stuff in the next few weeks with patches as they find one class is OP and another is sucking...

2012年August29日，“Re: 5.0.4 first blush”, in alt.games.warcraft (Usenet), message-ID <k1l1nq$emb$1@dont-email.me>:

overplayed (“放得过多的”)之首字母縮略詞。


chthonian

* 来自古希腊语χθόνιος（khthónios，地里、地下）

more chthonian (comparative)
most chthonian (superlative)

地下的，地里的，属于地下世界的


sought-after

more sought-after (comparative)
most sought-after (superlative)


mediopassive

中（被）动态，中间被动语态


homophobic

more homophobic (comparative)
most homophobic (superlative)


à la carte

借自法語 à la carte (“菜單上的；卡片上的”)。

/ˌæ.ləˈkɑːt/

/ˌæ.læˈkɑːt/

/ˌɑ.ləˈkɑɹt/

/ˌɑ.lɑˈkɑɹt/


butenoic

丁烯酸的，和丁烯酸相关的


accise

more accise (comparative)
most accise (superlative)


amaranthine

amaranth + -ine，源自古希臘語 ἀμάραντος (amárantos，“不變的，不褪色的”)。

more amaranthine (comparative)
most amaranthine (superlative)


trichloroacetic

三氯乙酸的，和三氯乙酸相关的


deprotonated

more deprotonated (comparative)
most deprotonated (superlative)


Quranic

more Quranic (comparative)
most Quranic (superlative)


Qur'anic

more Qur'anic (comparative)
most Qur'anic (superlative)

古兰经的，与古兰经相关的


saccadic

more saccadic (comparative)
most saccadic (superlative)


in petto

借自意大利語 in petto (“在胸口”)。

作形容词时，in petto通常跟在修饰的名词之后。

（罗马天主教）被指名为主教而未公布的


anthraquinonesulfonic

蒽醌磺酸的，和蒽醌磺酸相关的


synchronized

more synchronized (comparative)
most synchronized (superlative)


multidentate

more multidentate (comparative)
most multidentate (superlative)


smol

small的视觉方言形式。

smoler (comparative)
smolest (superlative)

Smol doggos with cute messy hair from the rain.

2017, "Nope/Dope", The Rocky Mountain Collegian, 28 September 2017, page 8:

However, our penchant for smol puppers means lots more people are breeding these so-called teacup dogs.

2018, Jessica Lindsay, "Meet Otis-Woody, the dog gunning for the record of smallest pug in the UK", Metro, 26 June 2018:

A baby octopus the size of a pea was hitchhiking on a piece of plastic floating in the Pacific Ocean when Hawaiian researchers spotted it and scooped up the smol, smol cephalopod.

2018 October 25, Mindy Weisberger, “Ridiculously Tiny Baby Octopus Riding Ocean Trash Is So, So Smol”, Live Science:


démodé

借自法語 démodé。

more démodé (comparative)
most démodé (superlative)


slower

slow 的比較級形式。


auric

和三价金（Auᴵᴵᴵ）相关的，三价金的


spatiotemporal

more spatiotemporal (comparative)
most spatiotemporal (superlative)


methoxylated

more methoxylated (comparative)
most methoxylated (superlative)


ethereal

源自拉丁語 aetherius (“与天空、高空有关的”)，源自古希臘語 αἰθέριος (aithérios，“与高空有关的”)。可作ether + -ial分析。

more ethereal (comparative)
most ethereal (superlative)

/ɪˈθɪə.ɹɪ.əl/

/ɪˈθɪɚ.i.əl/

ethereous

缥缈的，纤薄的，轻飘飘的

delicate

缥缈的，纤薄的，轻飘飘的

light

缥缈的，纤薄的，轻飘飘的

ethereal space

ethereal regions

Since to part, / Go heavenly Gueſt, Ethereal Meſſenger, / Sent from whoſe ſovran goodneſs I adore.

既然要启程离开，就请上路，天上的客人，太空中的信使，接受派遣，来自我所崇拜的至善的上帝。

1667，John Milton，“Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行s 1282–1284:

The fanciful fables of fairy land are but allegories of the young poet's mind when the sweet spell is upon him. Some slight thing calls up the visionary world, and all the outward and actual is for the time forgotten. It is a fever ethereal and lovely; but, like all other fevers, leaving behind weakness and exhaustion.

1837，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Ethel Churchill，卷 2，頁s 25–26:

I trust that we shall be more imaginative, that our thoughts will be clearer, fresher, and more ethereal, as our sky,[…]

1862，Henry David Thoreau，“Walking”, in The Atlantic Monthly，卷 9, 期 56:

She was very young—at the most nineteen, with a pale somewhat refined face, yellow hair, merry blue eyes, and shining teeth. Her beauty was of an ethereal type.

1885，Arthur Conan Doyle，The Man 源自Archangel:

缥缈的，纤薄的，轻飘飘的

Strange mystery of our nature, that those in whom genius developes itself in imagination, thus taking its most ethereal form, should yet be the most dependent on the opinions of others!

1834，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Francesca Carrara，卷 1，頁 3:

an ethereal solution


untrusted

more untrusted (comparative)
most untrusted (superlative)


conjugated

more conjugated (comparative)
most conjugated (superlative)


panicked

more panicked (comparative)
most panicked (superlative)


patienter

patient 的比較級形式。


ennuyé

借自法語 ennuyé。

more ennuyé (comparative)
most ennuyé (superlative)

Upon my entrance, Usher arose from a sofa on which he had been lying at full length, and greeted me with a vivacious warmth which had much in it, I at first thought, of an overdone cordiality—of the constrained effort of the ennuyé man of the world.

1839, Edgar Allan Poe, ‘The Fall of the House of Usher’:

You must open your doors to your friend at all hours; if when inside it suit him to sing, sing he will; and until you learn solitude in a crowd, or the art of concentration, you are apt to become ennuyé and irritable.

1856, Richard F. Burton, First Footsteps in East Africa, Könemann 2000, p. 49:


solus

源自拉丁語 sōlus。

（舞台上）獨自的，單獨的


sporadical

more sporadical (comparative)
most sporadical (superlative)


Furongian

芙蓉世的，与芙蓉世有关的


scotch

more scotch (comparative)
most scotch (superlative)

Scotch (“苏格兰的”)的另一種寫法


sussy

more sussy (comparative)
most sussy (superlative)

Brit Suspicious; suspected.

2008，The Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang (2 ed.):


other-worldly

more other-worldly (comparative)
most other-worldly (superlative)

In Just My Type: A Book about Fonts (2010) Simon Garfield describes Johnston as 'a gaunt fine-boned man with a full moustache', and there's a picture of him at work with a quill pen that makes him look as other-worldly as a medieval sprite.

2012，Andrew Martin，Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube，Profile Books, ISBN 978-1846684777，頁 160:


Sinitic

源自拉丁語 Sīna (“中国”) + -itic，与Semitic的后缀一样。

more Sinitic (comparative)
most Sinitic (superlative)


dead last

That high-school football team only scored 18 points all year! No wonder they were dead last in the league.

那个高中足球队全年才进了18分！怪不得他们在联赛里是吊车尾。

And compared with Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and 14 European countries, the United States ranks dead last, with the highest death rate for people under age 75 from conditions that could have been treated or prevented with timely medical care.

2008 October，Mark Jenkins，“Need surgery? Call a travel agent”, in Men's Health，卷 23, 期 8, →ISSN，頁 152:


ex post facto

源自拉丁語 ex (“来自”) + post (“在...之后”) + facto，factum (“行为”)的离格。拉丁语中，ex支配离格，而post支配宾格（参见英语维基百科中关于该短语语法和用法的相关讨论。）

事后的，回顾的 有追溯效力的（比如在某事之后颁布但其效力追溯回某事）

Coupled with the Constitution's proscription of ex post facto laws is a similar prohibition against bills of attainder.

1998，Daniel E. Troy，Retroactive Legislation，頁 56:

That the tax would take effect after some of the payments were made also raises issues. Says former Attorney General Richard Thornburg, also in an e-mail: "Such legislation could well run afoul of constitutional restrictions on bills of attainder, ex post facto laws, laws impairing the obligations of contract, unauthorized takings of property and the like."

2009年March21日，Jim McTague，“Would a Tax on Bonuses Be Constitutional?”, in Barron's:


in vogue

部分仿譯自法語 en vogue。


protic

more protic (comparative)
most protic (superlative)


warped

more warped (comparative)
most warped (superlative)

a warped sense of humour


superstitious

古法語 superstitieux，来自拉丁語 superstitiōsus，来自superstitio + -ōsus。

more superstitious (comparative)
most superstitious (superlative)


unsuperstitious

more unsuperstitious (comparative)
most unsuperstitious (superlative)


exhilarating

more exhilarating (comparative)
most exhilarating (superlative)

What most delights us today in Candide is not the 'conte philosophique', nor its satire, nor the gradual emergence of a morality and vision of the world: instead it is its rhythm. With rapidity and lightness, a succession of mishaps, punishments and massacres races over the page, leaps from chapter to chapter, and ramifies and multiplies without evoking in the reader's emotions anything other than a feeling of an exhilarating and primitive vitality.

1991，Italo Calvino，Martin McLaughlin, transl.，“Candide, or Concerning Narrative Rapidity”, in Why Read the Classics?，New York, N.Y.: Mariner Books, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 出版於 2014, →ISBN，頁 103:

Writing a "Treehouse Of Horror" segment has to be both exhilarating and daunting. It's exhilarating because it affords writers all the freedom in the world.

2012年April29日，Nathan Rabin，“The Simpsons (Classic): ‘Treehouse Of Horror III’”, in The A.V. Club，存檔自the original on 2016-10-17:

"Like many other large resorts, the town operated electric tramways, with open-topped cars. The journey down the steep incline to the harbour must have been exhilarating at times, testing the brakes on the vehicles to the limit."

2021年September8日，Dr Joseph Brennan，“Electric tramways at the heart of our seaside story”, in RAIL，期 939，頁 59:


all-knowing

常用于修饰神明名字，也可用于描述很有智慧的人。

She waited on her horse passive and all-knowing.

1974，John Boorman，Zardoz，London: Pan Books，頁 19:


hypoglycemic

more hypoglycemic (comparative)
most hypoglycemic (superlative)


little ol'

Christine Roberts Presley: Elvis was the best little ol' thing. He was so polite.

1995, Rose Clayton (ed.), Elvis Up Close: In the Words of Those Who Knew Him Best, p. 13:


little old

微小的，微不足道的，不大的，无所谓的；无害的

How about a little old game of pool?

You brought the best little old news you'll ever tote. Secretario, if you never promulgate worse news than that, you'll boost your circulation a thousand a day.

1909, Rowland Thomas, The Little Gods, p. 280:

They found afterward to their regret that he was the finest little old poker player that ever struck the village and he carried away a suitcase of yellow-backed bills.

1915, Roy K. Moulton, "On the Spur of the Moment: Appearances", in The Day (New London), 14 August 1915, p. 9:

[Pogo:] I'm takin' care of this li'l' ol' backward child.

1949, Walt Kelly, Pogo (comic strip), 16 May 1949:

We Texans have always bragged about having the best little old this and the best little old that.

1976, Richard West, "The Best of Texas", in Texas Monthly, Vol. 4, No. 7, p. 103:

Well, you nice people, I'm going to let you in on a secret and show you why this kitchen knife is the best little ole product you can get.

1992, Henry I. Christ, Building Power in Reading, p. 131:

While still marveling over the magnificent overtime victory his team had over St. John's Sunday, Duke Coach Mike Krzyzewski turned immediately to worrying about what was ahead. […] Duke plays a little old game against North Carolina tonight.

1999, New York Times, "College Basketball: Men's Roundup; Jarvis Keeps His Focus on Tough Road Ahead":

Last time I seen you, you was a little old girl / I had a crush now we grown and we still so thorough

2010, J. Cole, Friday Night Lights (mixtape), "You Got It" lyrics:

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见little、old。

A little old lady got on the bus.

一个个头很小的老太婆上了巴士。

This joke is getting a little old.


ancillary

源自拉丁語 ancillāris (“附属的；与女仆有关的”)，源自ancilla (“女仆”)。

more ancillary (comparative)
most ancillary (superlative)

[…] how easily he took all things along with him,—the persons, the opinions, and the day, and nature became ancillary to a man.

1836, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nature, Chapter 3:

[E]very organ of the body, whatever function it may perform, must also perform the other four functions in an ancillary manner.

1898, John Wesley Powell, Truth and Error, Chapter 7

The cafeteria is primarily used by students and staff (academic, administrative, and ancillary).

2019，Li Huang，James Lambert，“Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI，頁 4:


snazzy

未知，但可能是snappy + jazzy 組成的混成詞，或源自愛爾蘭語 snas (“娴熟；好看的外貌”)。

snazzier (comparative)
snazziest (superlative)

dapper

时髦的，时尚的；优雅的；俗艳的

elegant

时髦的，时尚的；优雅的；俗艳的

pizazzy

时髦的，时尚的；优雅的；俗艳的

smart

时髦的，时尚的；优雅的；俗艳的

cool

时髦的，时尚的；优雅的；俗艳的

cool

聪明的；娴熟的；很好的，很棒的

nifty

聪明的；娴熟的；很好的，很棒的

smart

聪明的；娴熟的；很好的，很棒的

inelegant

时髦的，时尚的；优雅的；俗艳的

scruffy

时髦的，时尚的；优雅的；俗艳的

sloppy

时髦的，时尚的；优雅的；俗艳的

crappy

聪明的；娴熟的；很好的，很棒的

duff

聪明的；娴熟的；很好的，很棒的

lame

聪明的；娴熟的；很好的，很棒的

naff

聪明的；娴熟的；很好的，很棒的

rubbishy

聪明的；娴熟的；很好的，很棒的

时髦的，时尚的；优雅的；俗艳的

One particularly snazzy outfit consisted of vertically striped pants paired with a horizontally striped and sequined top.

2000, Alev Aktar, "TAILOR MADE GOES: Fashion week closes with Calvin, Donna and Vera," New York Daily News, 23 Sep. (retrieved 8 Jan. 2009):

a snazzy dresser

聪明的；娴熟的；很好的，很棒的

Those Friday afternoon dances in the gym are really snazzy.

1938年April17日，Jane Murdock，“Friday Afternoon Dances”, in Washington Post，頁 PY8:

Of those migrating to the iPhone from other devices, a good number of them are former Treo users who found Apple's device to be a souped-up, snazzier and even easier-to-use version of the Treo.

2009年January8日，Suzanne Choney，“Palm looks to regain place in smartphone race”, in msnbc.com，存檔自the original on 2009-01-21:


naïvest

naïve的最高級形式。

He spoke of me all the time, in the blandest way, as “this prodigious giant,” and “this horrible sky‐towering monster,” and “this tusked and taloned man‐devouring ogre,” and everybody took in all this bosh in the naïvest way, and never smiled or seemed to notice that there was any discrepancy between these watered statistics and me.
#*:: 他一直在说我——语气乏味，什么“这个庞大的巨人”“这个可怕的高大的怪物”“这个尖牙利爪的食人魔”等等，天真的人们竟然还都相信了这番鬼话，他们神情严肃，似乎都不曾注意到我和这些注了水的数字之间有任何不符。

1917, Mark Twain, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, 章IV., 页#31:


naivest

naive的最高級形式。


naiver

naive 的比較級形式。


deadass

可能是dead + -ass的组合（对比“a stupid-ass town”），dead的一个粗俗强调形式。

a deadass town


Qatari

Qatar + -i，源自阿拉伯語 قَطَر (qaṭar)。


Abkhaz

借自俄語 абха́з (abxáz)。


American Samoan

more American Samoan (comparative)
most American Samoan (superlative)


egg-white

more egg-white (comparative)
most egg-white (superlative)


arachnophobic

more arachnophobic (comparative)
most arachnophobic (superlative)

害怕蜘蛛的；具有蜘蛛恐懼症的


uninitiated

His jargon-filled talk was gibberish to the uninitiated, but clear and concise to practitioners.

他的谈话充满了专业术语，对门外汉来说听着莫名其妙，但对从业者来说清晰而简练。

Even in the midst of the full swing of fancy, swayed to and fro by the many currants of thought that arise out of a single word, snatches of the verse from which the flight was taken will suddenly appear on the surface like a refrain or a keynote, showing that in reality there is a connexion, though hidden to the uninitiated.

1863，A Dictionary of the Bible: Comprising its Antiquities, Biography, Geography and Natural History，Volume III. Red Sea-Zuzims, Little, Brown, and Co, Versions, Ancient (Targum)，頁s 1653-1654:

To the uninitiated, the belief not merely in the influence of the dead, but in their actual presence during secret rites is, or has until lately been, very real, and in so far as the uninitiated are brought into relation with the societies will possess a religious character.

1914，William Halse Rivers Rivers，The History of Melanesian Society，卷 2, Part 1, Adegi Graphics, 出版於 2001, →ISBN, Chapter XXXIII. Religion and Magic，頁 411:

A quick guide for the uninitiated

1962年January10日，“Tape recorders: A quick guide for the uninitiated”, in Changing Times: The Kiplinger Magazine，卷 16, 期 1, Kiplinger Washington Editors, →ISSN，頁 13:

Although the priests are the initiated, they remain ignorant and incapable of instructing the uninitiated in the proper method of painting the temples.

2008，David E. Johnson，Anthropology's Wake: Attending to the End of Culture，Fordham University Press, →ISBN, Ex-Cited Dialogue，頁 107:


mostest

git thar fustest with the mostest

1917年，《紐約時報》匿名作者錯誤引用內森·貝德福德·福雷斯特語錄（原句應為 "to git thar fust with the most men"）

Indeed there are mansions along Beechwood Avenue, including the former home of Pearl Mesta, "the hostess with the mostest."

2006, Nicholas Sarno, God Bless the Squirrel Cage


b.

Albert Einstein (b. 1879) was a German physicist.

阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦（生於1879年）是德國物理學家。


all-you-can-eat

自助餐的 （支付固定价格后可无限享用食物的）

It's an all-you-can-eat deal, and students can use their meal cards at numerous campus snack bars and sandwich shops.

1995，Edward B Fiske，The Fiske Guide to Colleges 1995:

JT's serves all-you-can-eat prime rib on Wednesday nights for $18.99.

2007, Bob Sehlinger, Grant Rafter, Katie Brandon, Beyond Disney

自助的，定期定额无限使用的

"Last year, when they came out with their all-you-can-eat, $19.95 per month service, it nearly brought them down."

1998, Network World (volume 15, number 3, 19 January 1998)

Nokia has unveiled its all-you-can-eat Comes With Music package for the United Kingdom...

2008, Billboard magazine (11 October 2008)


trailblazing

more trailblazing (comparative)
most trailblazing (superlative)

开创性的，先驱的，创新的

One can only wonder what led Rothstein to claim that Neville was such a trail-blazing pornographer.

2011，Patrick Spedding，James Lambert，“Fanny Hill, Lord Fanny, and the Myth of Metonymy”, in Studies in Philology，卷 108, 期 1，頁 120:

The trailblazing Oaxacan chef Alejandro Ruiz […] has spiked this black-bean sauce with a hidden depth charge of flavor: patches of foliage from a local avocado tree. The leaves electrify the sauce with an unexpected thrum of black licorice.

2014年October25日，Jeff Gordinier，“In search of the perfect taco”, in T: The New York Times Style Magazine (international edition)，頁 100:


trail-blazing

more trail-blazing (comparative)
most trail-blazing (superlative)


smug

可能源自中古低地德語 smuk (“轻柔的，纤弱的，修长的”)，但是英语词形内的 g 难以解释。源自一低地德語词，该词亦派生出北弗里斯蘭語 smok、丹麥語 smuk 和瑞典語 smukk（现已弃用或方言）。最终应派生自原始日耳曼語 *smeuganą。
对比中古高地德語 gesmuc (“饰品”) 和 smücken (“给...穿衣，打扮”)，两者最终源自 smiegen (“按入，插入；坐落于”)，因而有同源词德語 schmiegen、Schmuck 和 schmücken。但是德语形容词 schmuck 借自低地德語。详见 smock。

smugger (comparative)
smuggest (superlative)

Kate looked extremely smug this morning.

a smug look on her face

刻意精致的，做作的，刻板的

They be so smug and smooth.
#*:: 它們如此之做作且光滑。

1556年，拉斐羅賓遜，《More’s Utopia: The English Translation thereof》

the smug and scanty draperies of his style

其風格的做作且窄小的布料

1828年，托馬斯·德·昆西，“Elements of Rhetoric”, in Blackwood's Magazine:


skanky

skankier (comparative)
skankiest (superlative)

淫秽而丑陋的 （尤指女人）

Heavy Metal, Music from the Motion Picture (1981, Elektra): This movie is pretty lousy if you're sober and/or an adult, and the soundtrack should be either glammier or skankier, or maybe both.

2010，Chuck Klosterman，“The Jack Factor”, in Chuck Klosterman on Rock: A Collection of Previously Published Essays:


Nanjingese

南京的，與中國江蘇城市南京有關的


psychoactive

more psychoactive (comparative)
most psychoactive (superlative)

LSD and DMT are psychoactive drugs.

摇头丸和DMT是影响精神的药物。


anatomical

源自拉丁語 anatomicus。與法語 anatomique同源。等同於anatomy + -ical。

The two species have some anatomical similarities.

這兩個物種在解剖學上有相似性。


around the clock

The around-the-clock workers tried to finish the project.

夜以繼日工作的工人們盡力完成計劃。


round the clock

They are protected by round-the-clock guards.

他們一天二十四小時都有保鏢保護。


smutty

smuttier (comparative)
smuttiest (superlative)

She caught up the corner of her skirt and lifted the smutty coffee-pot from the stove.

1931, William Faulkner, Sanctuary, Vintage 1993, p. 62:

And what was it only one of the smutty yankee pictures Terry borrows off of Corny Kelleher. Secrets for enlarging your private parts.

1922 February，James Joyce，Ulysses，Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:
 Episode 12, The Cyclops

Prayter said with a smile to the faces looking down, "Rilly—this train's a joke, isn't it!"

1938, Xavier Herbert, Capricornia, New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1943, Chapter XI, p. 178, https://archive.org/details/capricornianovel00herb


utilisable

more utilisable (comparative)
most utilisable (superlative)


risqué

more risqué (comparative)
most risqué (superlative)

伤风化的，打色情擦边球的


founding

The founding fathers of our country.


saved

The second servant, however, was not only not "saved." She could not even be classified as "questing." She was an Anglican who was in the household from charity, having been deserted by her navvy husband and been denied Poor Relief by two parishes, each of whom claimed she was the other's responsibility.

A penny saved is a penny earned.

省下一分錢就是賺到一分錢。


supported

more supported (comparative)
most supported (superlative)


supporting

more supporting (comparative)
most supporting (superlative)


stirring

But Chelsea, who left Didier Drogba on the bench as coach Carlo Ancelotti favoured Fernando Torres, staged a stirring fightback to move up to fourth and keep United in their sights on a night when nothing other than victory would have kept the Blues in contention.

但是，由于教练卡洛·安切洛蒂偏爱费尔南多·托雷斯，切尔西将德罗巴留在了替补席上，他们上演了一场激动人心的反击战，上升到第四位，并在这个夜晚将曼联挡在了他们的视线之外，除了胜利，没有什么能让蓝军保持竞争优势。

2011年March1日，Phil McNulty，“Chelsea 2 - 1 Man Utd [切爾西 2 - 1 曼聯]”, in BBC:

The opening crawl (and a stirring propaganda movie) informs us that “The Hunger Games” are an annual event in Panem, a North American nation divided into 12 different districts, each in service to the Capitol, a wealthy metropolis that owes its creature comforts to an oppressive dictatorship.
#*:: 开场白（和一部激动人心的宣传片）告诉我们，“饥饿游戏”是施惠国的一项年度活动。施惠国是一个位于北美的国家，国内分为12个不同的行政区，每个区都为都城服务，都城是一个富裕的大都市，它的物质享受依靠压迫性的独裁政权维持。

22 March 2012, Scott Tobias, AV Club The Hunger Gameshttp://www.avclub.com/articles/the-hunger-games,71293/


owed

more owed (comparative)
most owed (superlative)


stocked

a well-stocked fridge


reigning

The reigning world heavyweight champion said he'd defend his title once more and then retire even if he won.

这位卫冕世界重量级冠军表示，即使他赢了，他也会再次捍卫自己的冠军头衔，然后退役。


inked

源自中古英語 inked、ynkid (“用墨水寫的”)，等同於ink + -ed。


whipped

more whipped (comparative)
most whipped (superlative)

He knew he was whipped when he turned down a football game so they could shop for linens.

他推掉足球比賽去陪老婆買床單的時候，意識到自己成了妻管嚴。


affecting

more affecting (comparative)
most affecting (superlative)

The moment when Tyrion firmly grabs his friend’s arm just before Dany utters the cue for Drogon to burn the eunuch alive is affecting, because it conveys both how much Tyrion cares for his friend, and also how much this is costing him.

维斯特洛在《权力的游戏》倒数第二季面临灾难性的最后一战

2019年May12日，Alex McLevy，“Westeros faces a disastrous final battle on the penultimate Game of Thrones (newbies) [维斯特洛在《权力的游戏》倒数第二季面临灾难性的最后一战]”, in The A.V. Club:


unsavoury

more unsavoury (comparative)
most unsavoury (superlative)

The lawyer and twice-divorced mother of three had presented herself as the modern face of her party, trying to strip it of unsavoury overtones after her father's convictions for saying the Nazi occupation of France was not "particularly inhumane".

在父亲因说纳粹对法国的占领并非“特别不人道”而被定罪后，这位有三个孩子、離過两次婚的律师母亲曾以该党的“新一代”面孔示人，试图使其摆脱因此被蒙上的不光彩。

2012年April23日，Angelique Chrisafis，“François Hollande on top but far right scores record result in French election [弗朗索瓦·奧朗德當選，但極右翼在法國選舉中取得歷史最高得票]”, in the Guardian:

England consolidated their position of power in pursuit of a place at next year's World Cup in Qatar with a hugely impressive victory against Hungary in a hostile and often unsavoury atmosphere in Budapest.

在布达佩斯敌对和经常令人感到讨厌的气氛中，英格兰对匈牙利取得了一场印象深刻的胜利，从而巩固了他们追求明年卡塔尔世界杯名次的实力。

2021年September2日，Phil McNulty，“Hungary 0-4 England [匈牙利 0-4 英格蘭]”, in BBC:


savoury

savourier (comparative)
savouriest (superlative)

savory的另一種寫法


sliced

sliced bread


singles

a singles bar


encircling

She felt safe in her mother's encircling arms.

在母親的臂彎下，她感到無比安全。


cited

more cited (comparative)
most cited (superlative)


transcribed

a transcribed drama series


buzzed

more buzzed (comparative)
most buzzed (superlative)


sensed

Humans are five-sensed beings, having touch, taste, sight, hearing, and smell.

人類是有五種感覺的生物，這五感分別是觸覺、味覺、視覺、聽覺和嗅覺。


pissing

表示對所提及之事物的厭惡或惱怒。

I can't get this pissing computer to work.


ethnological

more ethnological (comparative)
most ethnological (superlative)


ethnologic

more ethnologic (comparative)
most ethnologic (superlative)


bombed

more bombed (comparative)
most bombed (superlative)

Dan's brother bought us a bottle of whisky and we got bombed.

丹的兄弟给我们带了瓶威士忌，我们都喝醉了。


combed

more combed (comparative)
most combed (superlative)

combed hair


combed

combed lizards


behaved

（行為）以某種形式或態度表現的

a rudely-behaved child


chewed

more chewed (comparative)
most chewed (superlative)


filtered

more filtered (comparative)
most filtered (superlative)


arresting

more arresting (comparative)
most arresting (superlative)


shelled

shelled peas


hunted

more hunted (comparative)
most hunted (superlative)

惴惴不安的，緊張得好像被追捕似的

He looked up with a hunted expression.

他帶著一副惴惴不安的表情抬起頭。


stalked

a stalked barnacle

a stalked crinoid


ruder

rude 的比較級形式。


liquified

more liquified (comparative)
most liquified (superlative)


Antiguan

more Antiguan (comparative)
most Antiguan (superlative)


Barbudan

more Barbudan (comparative)
most Barbudan (superlative)


Afghanistani

more Afghanistani (comparative)
most Afghanistani (superlative)


Aramaean

源自拉丁語 Aramaeī，源自古希臘語 Ἀραμαῖοι (Aramaîoi)，源自希伯來語 ארם (aram)，聖經中描述美索不達米亞河上游（今位於敘利亞）一帶地區的名稱。

阿拉米人/亞蘭人/亞拉姆人的


Aramæan

more Aramæan (comparative)
most Aramæan (superlative)


Aramean

more Aramean (comparative)
most Aramean (superlative)


Barbadan

more Barbadan (comparative)
most Barbadan (superlative)


Bahraini

源自阿拉伯語 بَحْرَيْنِيّ (baḥrayniyy，“巴林的”)。等同於Bahrain + -i。


Belarusian

/ˌbɛləˈɹʌʃən/

/ˌbɛləˈɹuːʃən/


Belarusan

more Belarusan (comparative)
most Belarusan (superlative)


Byelorussian

more Byelorussian (comparative)
most Byelorussian (superlative)

/ˌbjɛləˈrʌʃən/


Bielorussian

more Bielorussian (comparative)
most Bielorussian (superlative)


Bharatiya

音譯自印地語 भारतीय (bhārtīya)。

more Bharatiya (comparative)
most Bharatiya (superlative)

印度的（尤其用於民族主義語境下）


Bissau-Guinean

幾內亞比紹/幾內亞比索的


Botswanan

more Botswanan (comparative)
most Botswanan (superlative)


Botswanian

more Botswanian (comparative)
most Botswanian (superlative)


Burundian

more Burundian (comparative)
most Burundian (superlative)


Burkinabe

經由法語 burkinabé，源自莫西語 burkina (“誠實的”) + 富拉語 -ɓe (表示人的名詞複數後綴)，由布基納法索的革命家托馬斯·桑卡拉造出。

布基納法索/布吉納法索的


Cape Verdean

I hear [...] the surf on the Cape Verdean beaches is incredible.

我聽說 … 在佛得角的海岸上衝浪很爽。

2015，Paul Beatty，The Sellout，Oneworld Publications (2016)，頁 219:


Costa Rican

哥斯達黎加/哥斯大黎加的

He has a home in the Costa Rican hills.

他的家在哥斯達黎加的山丘上。

His dialect was distinctly Costa Rican.

他說話有一口明顯的哥斯達黎加口音。


Dominican

源自Dominica + -an或Dominic + -an。对比拉丁語 dominicānus。

more Dominican (comparative)
most Dominican (superlative)

The first night, I did nothing more than have a glass of wine at Faust Wine Cellar, located under the Dominican cloister that houses the Hilton Budapest Hotel in the Buda Castle complex.

第一晚，我只是去了浮士德酒窖品了品酒，這座酒窖位於布達城堡建築群中，就在布達佩斯希爾頓酒店所在的道明會修院下面。

2014年January30日，Seth Kugel，“Wintertime Bargains in Budapest”, in The New York Times:


Emirati

阿拉伯聯合酋長國/阿拉伯聯合大公國的


Emiri

more Emiri (comparative)
most Emiri (superlative)

阿拉伯聯合酋長國/阿拉伯聯合大公國的


Emirian

more Emirian (comparative)
most Emirian (superlative)

阿拉伯聯合酋長國/阿拉伯聯合大公國的


Eritrean

more Eritrean (comparative)
most Eritrean (superlative)


Ghanaian

‘I lost my job as the personal chef to the Ghanaian Ambassador to Nigeria.’

“我丟掉了作為加納駐尼日利亞大使私人廚師的工作”

2020，Abi Daré，The Girl With The Louding Voice，Sceptre，頁 145:


Gibraltarian

more Gibraltarian (comparative)
most Gibraltarian (superlative)

The curse has been Spanish ineptitude feeding Gibraltarian intransigence. Border hold-ups are counterproductive to winning hearts and minds, as were blundering Argentinian landings on the outer Falklands.
诅咒在于，西班牙的无能助长了直布罗陀不妥协的意愿。边境封锁不但没有赢得人心，还起了反作用，就像当年阿根廷在福克兰群岛外围的错误登陆一样。

2013, Simon Jenkins, Gibraltar and the Falklands deny the logic of history (in The Guardian, 14 August 2013)http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/14/gibraltar-falklands-deny-logic-history


Grenadian

We agreed that the operation would have to be mounted under conditions of the strictest secrecy, so that the Grenadian forces and Cubans on Grenada would not have time to bring in reinforcements or to make a run for the American students at St. George's University Medical School.

我们同意，这次行动必须在最严格的保密条件下进行，这样格林纳达的部队和岛上的古巴人就没有时间带来增援，也没有时间把圣乔治大学医学院的美国学生带走。

1990，Ronald Reagan，An American Life，Pocket Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 450:


Guyanese

/ˌɡaɪəˈniːz/


Guinean

幾內亞比紹/幾內亞比索的


Hellenic

源自古希臘語 Ἑλληνικός (Hellēnikós，“希臘的，希臘人的”)，源自古希臘語 Ἑλλάς (Hellás，“希臘”)，等同於Hellen + -ic。
古典借詞自古希臘語，起於17世紀，最早見於1640年左右。

more Hellenic (comparative)
most Hellenic (superlative)


Irani

源自波斯語 ایرانی (Irâni)。


Ivorian

/aɪˈvɔːɹiən/


Jordanian

/d͡ʒɔːˈdeɪnɪən/


Kazakhstani

more Kazakhstani (comparative)
most Kazakhstani (superlative)

Unlike Ali G Indahouse, Baron Cohen’s failed attempt to bring his most famous character into an entirely fictional universe, Borat found the comic tension in placing his Kazakhstani buffoon in delicate social situations, like a rodeo where he supports the “War Of Terror” a bit too zealously.

2012年May15日，Scott Tobias，“Film: Reviews: The Dictator”, in The Onion AV Club:


Kosovan

more Kosovan (comparative)
most Kosovan (superlative)


Kyrgyzstani

more Kyrgyzstani (comparative)
most Kyrgyzstani (superlative)


Luxembourgish

/ˈlʌksəmˌbəːɡɪʃ/


Madagascan

more Madagascan (comparative)
most Madagascan (superlative)


Montenegrin

源自意大利語 montenegrino；等同於Montenegro + -ine。

more Montenegrin (comparative)
most Montenegrin (superlative)

/ˌmɒntɪˈniːɡɹɪn/


Nauruan

[nɑːˈuː.ɹuːn̩]


Nigerien

/niːˈʒɛəɹi.ən/

/niːˈʒɛrɪən/


Panamanian

Now when Ruthie says come see her / In her honky-tonk lagoon / Where I can watch her waltz for free / 'Neath her Panamanian moon

1966，Bob Dylan （作曲作詞）, “Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again”, in Blonde on Blonde:


Papua New Guinean

巴布亞新幾內亞/巴布亞紐幾內亞的


Papuan

more Papuan (comparative)
most Papuan (superlative)

巴布亞新幾內亞/巴布亞紐幾內亞的


Puerto Rican

more Puerto Rican (comparative)
most Puerto Rican (superlative)

/ˈpɔɹ.ɾəˌɹiː.kən/


Roumanian

more Roumanian (comparative)
most Roumanian (superlative)


Arakanese

more Arakanese (comparative)
most Arakanese (superlative)


Saudi Arabian

more Saudi Arabian (comparative)
most Saudi Arabian (superlative)

沙特阿拉伯/沙烏地阿拉伯的


Sierra Leonean

more Sierra Leonean (comparative)
most Sierra Leonean (superlative)


Serb

源自塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 Srbi，源自原始斯拉夫語 *sьrbъ (“同盟；塞族人；索布人”)，源自原始印歐語 *ser- (“保護；看守”)；類似拉丁語 servo (“保護，守衛”)、古英語 searu (“武器，盔甲”)、立陶宛語 sárgas (“看守人”)、古希臘語 ἥρως (hḗrōs，“英雄”)、阿維斯陀語 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (haraⁱti)、𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (haᵘruuaⁱti，“守護”)。 Sorb 的同源對似詞。


São Toméan

聖多美的；聖多美和普林西比/聖多美普林西比的


Santomean

São Toméan的另一種寫法


Tajikistani

一般指國籍，而不指民族，與Tajik (“塔吉克族人；塔吉克斯坦人”)相對。


Togolese

源自法語 togolais，等同於Togo + -ese。-l- 是法語中為解決 -o + -ais 發音問題而插入，也見於congolais及對應的英語詞Congolese；英語自造詞中則不會這麼加，如 Faroese、Chicagoese。


Tajik

源自波斯語 تاجیک (tâjik，“（中亞的）非突厥人”)（類似تازی (tâzi)、تازیک (tâzik)），源自中古波斯語 tʾcyk' (tāzīg，“阿拉伯人”)，源自阿拉伯語 طَيِّئ (ṭayyiʔ，一阿拉伯氏族的名稱)。
民間詞源常認為源自塔吉克語 тоҷ (toj，“皇冠”)（參見阿拉伯語 تَاج (tāj)，源自波斯語 تاج (tâj，“皇冠”)），但這是錯誤說法。

本詞多指民族而非國籍；对比表示國籍的Tajikistani (“塔吉克斯坦人”)。


Tadzhik

Tajik的另一種拼寫法


Ukie

more Ukie (comparative)
most Ukie (superlative)


Zimbabwean

more Zimbabwean (comparative)
most Zimbabwean (superlative)


Zairean

/zʌɪˈɪəɹ.ɪ.ən/


Turkmen

可能最初為Turkman的變體，受俄語 Туркме́н (Turkmén)，或可能土耳其語或土庫曼語 Türkmen的影響。


Tokyoite

more Tokyoite (comparative)
most Tokyoite (superlative)


surefire

more surefire (comparative)
most surefire (superlative)


sure-fire

sure + fire，原用于指枪械的开火性能。

more sure-fire (comparative)
most sure-fire (superlative)

That hat should be a sure-fire way to spot him in a crowd.

用那个帽子绝对能在人群里认出他来。


boolean

Boolean的大小寫替代形式


virent

源自拉丁語 virens，virere (“是綠色的”)的現在分詞。

more virent (comparative)
most virent (superlative)


stronk

將strong故意拼錯，部分情況下是幽默地模仿斯拉夫/東歐口音。

stronker (comparative)
stronkest (superlative)

strong 的故意錯拼。