symbolises

symbolise的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


hold up

Hold up a minute. I want to check something.

等会儿，我想看一样东西。

I've got to be to work now. Why are you holding me up?

我现在要去上班呢。你拦着我干嘛？

What is holding up traffic?

It worked to perfection. Ferrari's decision not to stop on the next lap simply made life easier, especially when Alonso was held up by Marussia's Charles Pic during that period - for which the Frenchman earned a drive-through penalty.

2012年May13日, Andrew Benson, “Williams's Pastor Maldonado takes landmark Spanish Grand Prix win”, 出自 BBC Sport:

Hold up the table while I slide this underneath.

抬一下桌子，我把这个滑进去。

In order to accommodate the new platform 4 and the reversibly signalled slow line, a deep cutting had to be cut back and held up in places with a concrete retaining wall.

1962 June, David Walters, “The new station and layout at Coventry”, 出自 Modern Railways，第 405 頁:

hold up to scrutiny

hold up to heavy use

完成 (某协定的自己那部分)

I don't think he's holding up his end of the bargain.

我觉得他完不成那他部分约定。

The guy tried to hold up a bank.

经久不衰 （指艺术作品等）

Bride of Frankenstein is an old film, but it holds up.

《科学怪人的新娘》是一部老电影，但还是经久不衰。


under no circumstances

Under no circumstances should I be responsible for your reckless driving of my vehicle.

我無論如何都不會為你魯莽駕駛我的車輛而負責。


OLED

/ˌəʊ ˌɛl ˌiː ˈdiː/


oil paint

同類詞：tempera


vanful

一辆客货车能容纳的人或物

For one thing, they are cheaper and more compact than older systems, which required a vanful of equipment and a dedicated tech nerd and cost thousands of dollars a week to rent.

2007年March25日, Jesse Green, “Theater’s Alive With the Sound of Laptops”, 出自 New York Times:


Antiguan

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Barbuda

源自西班牙語 barbuda (“有鬍子的”)，可能指原住民的鬍子或無花果樹。对比Lombardy。

巴布達島，加勒比海國家安提瓜和巴布達/安地卡及巴布達的組成部分。


Barbudan

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Lombardy

源自拉丁語 Langobardia，以6世紀入侵亞平寧半島北部的日耳曼部落Langobards (“倫巴底人”)命名。

倫巴第，倫巴底（大區名，位於意大利北部）


Afghanistani

阿富汗人（表示居民，與表示民族的 Afghan 相對）


Afghanistani

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Aramaean

源自拉丁語 Aramaeī，源自古希臘語 Ἀραμαῖοι (Aramaîoi)，源自希伯來語 ארם (aram)，聖經中描述美索不達米亞河上游（今位於敘利亞）一帶地區的名稱。

阿拉米人，亞蘭人，亞拉姆人


Aramaean

阿拉米人/亞蘭人/亞拉姆人的


Aramæan

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Aramean

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Barbadan

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Bahraini

源自阿拉伯語 بَحْرَيْنِيّ (baḥrayniyy, “巴林的”)。等同於Bahrain + -i。


Bamar

源自緬甸語 ဗမာ (ba.ma)。


Belarusian

/ˌbɛləˈɹʌʃən/

/ˌbɛləˈɹuːʃən/


Belarusian

/ˌbɛləˈɹʌʃən/

/ˌbɛləˈɹuːʃən/


Belarusan

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Byelorussian

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/ˌbjɛləˈrʌʃən/


Byelorussian

/ˌbjɛləˈrʌʃən/


Byelorussian

/ˌbjɛləˈrʌʃən/


Bielorussian

more Bielorussian (comparative)
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Bharatiya

音譯自印地語 भारतीय (bhārtīya)。


Bharatiya

音譯自印地語 भारतीय (bhārtīya)。

more Bharatiya (comparative)
most Bharatiya (superlative)

印度的（尤其用於民族主義語境下）


Bissau-Guinean

幾內亞比紹/幾內亞比索的


Bissau-Guinean

幾內亞比紹/幾內亞比索人


Botswanan

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Botswanian

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Burundian

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Burkinabe

經由法語 burkinabé，源自莫西語 burkina (“誠實的”) + 富拉語 -ɓe (表示人的名詞複數後綴)，由布基納法索的革命家托馬斯·桑卡拉造出。

布基納法索/布吉納法索人


Burkinabe

布基納法索/布吉納法索的


Canadien

源自法語 Canadien (“加拿大人”)。


Cape Verdean

I hear [...] the surf on the Cape Verdean beaches is incredible.

我聽說 … 在佛得角的海岸上衝浪很爽。

2015, Paul Beatty, The Sellout, Oneworld Publications (2016)，第 219 頁:


Chin

村名，位於加拿大艾伯塔。


Chin

作為姓氏，是漢語不同漢字的羅馬化（尤出自方言）；作為“中國”之義，參見 China。

China的另一種寫法。


Chin

源自官話 晉／晋 (Jìn)的威妥瑪拼音。

Jin的另一種寫法：晉國；晉朝

The most amazing poems in human history are the Huêi-wên-tʻü or the revolving chart, by Lady Su Huêi, of the Chin Dynasty (265-419), and the Chʻien-tzŭ-wên, or thousand-character literature, by Chou Hsing-ssŭ, (fifth century a.d.)

人類歷史上最為神奇的詩文，一是晉朝（265-419）才女蘇蕙所作的《迴文圖》，又名《璇璣圖》；二是周興嗣（西元5世紀）所作的《千字文》。

1929, Witter Bynner（譯者）, The Jade Mountain [群玉山頭], Alfred A. Knopf, 出版於 1967, →OCLC，第 xxxvi 頁:

The second significant feature in the development of Chinese literature is the immense influence of Buddhist literature on the development of every sphere of Chinese literature since the East Chin Period (A.D. 317).

中國文學發展中的第二個顯著特徵，在於東晉（西元317年）以來，佛教的影響開始大範圍滲透到中國文學當中。

1964, Lai Ming, A History of Chinese Literature [中國文學史], New York: John Day Company, →LCCN, →OCLC，第 3 頁:

Wang Tao, the head of a great northern family, emigrated to the south and there became the chief architect of the Eastern Chin dynasty, a regime noted for excellent calligraphy.

王導，這名北方世家之首，也南渡建康，後來登上東晉——這一以優秀書法而聞名之朝代——的宰相。

1979, Bradley Smith, Wan-go Weng, China: A History in Art [中國藝術史], Doubleday & Co., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，第 100-101 頁s:


Chin

源自緬甸語 ချင်း (hkyang:)。


Jin

源自官話 晉／晋 (Jìn)的漢語拼音。

晉水，古代河流名，在今中國山西省，流入汾河

晉國 西周至戰國時期諸侯國名（約前1046年–前376年）

晉國 曹魏及此後部分朝代的諸侯國

晉朝 帝國名，位於中國（265年–420年），分為西晉和東晉

晉朝 Sima之同義詞：晉朝的皇室司馬家族

晉朝 自3世紀晚期至5世紀這一段時間

主要用於中國歷史研究領域

晉江，中國福建泉州河流名，流入臺灣海峽

晉州，中國古代州名，治所在今山西臨汾

Linfen (“臨汾”)的前稱，以其治所稱呼

後晉，五代十國時期中原政權名

Shi之同義詞：後晉的皇室石氏家族


Jin

源自朝鮮語 진(晉) (jin)。


Jin

源自官話 金 (Jīn)的漢語拼音。

金州，中國古代州名，治所在今陝西安康

Ankang (“安康”)的前稱，以其治所稱呼

金朝 帝國名，位於中國北方（1115年–1234年）

金朝 Wanyan之同義詞：金朝的皇室完顏家族

金朝 Jurchen之同義詞：金朝統治者所屬的女真族

金朝 自12世紀至13世紀這一段時間

主要用於中國歷史研究領域

Qing之同義詞：清朝； 國號為後金的1616年–1636年間


Jin

源自官話 錦／锦 (Jǐn)的漢語拼音。

錦江，中國江西及廣東河流名，流入北江

錦江，中國四川河流名，流入岷江

錦州，中國古代州名，治所在盧陽，即今湖南麻陽

Luyang (“盧陽”)的前稱，以其治所稱呼


Jin

源自官話 靳的漢語拼音。

Jinjiang

靳江，中國湖南河流名，流入湘江

靳江，中國湖南河流名，流入湘江


Jin

源自朝鮮語 진 (jin)的文化觀光部2000年式羅馬化。
* 作為“辰國”之義，源自漢語 辰，可能是指其位於“東方”。
* 作為渤海國的別名，源自漢語 震。
* 作為姓氏，來自不同漢字的羅馬化，如陳／陈、秦、眞／真，也包括晉 / 晋。

辰國，古代朝鮮半島部落的通稱

Balhae (“渤海國”)之同義詞， 其698年–712年這段時間


Qing

源自官話 清 (Qīng)的漢語拼音。


Costa Rican

哥斯達黎加/哥斯大黎加人


Costa Rican

哥斯達黎加/哥斯大黎加的

He has a home in the Costa Rican hills.

他的家在哥斯達黎加的山丘上。

His dialect was distinctly Costa Rican.

他說話有一口明顯的哥斯達黎加口音。


Dominican

源自Dominica + -an或Dominic + -an。对比拉丁語 dominicānus。


Dominican

more Dominican (comparative)
most Dominican (superlative)

The first night, I did nothing more than have a glass of wine at Faust Wine Cellar, located under the Dominican cloister that houses the Hilton Budapest Hotel in the Buda Castle complex.

第一晚，我只是去了浮士德酒窖品了品酒，這座酒窖位於布達城堡建築群中，就在布達佩斯希爾頓酒店所在的道明會修院下面。

2014年January30日, Seth Kugel, “Wintertime Bargains in Budapest”, 出自 The New York Times:


Dane

源自中古英語 Dane，源自古諾爾斯語 danir。代替本土的古英語 Dene。兩者均源自原始日耳曼語 *daniz。

丹麥人，來自丹麥或具有丹麥血統的人

Fresleven - that was the fellow’s name, a Dane - thought himself wronged somehow in the bargain, so he went ashore and started to hammer the chief of the village with a stick.

斐斯勒文，那個丹麥人，覺得自己買賣吃了虧，於是走到岸邊，開始用棒子猛敲村長。

1899 Feb, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, 出自 Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine，第 198 頁:

Kenett states that the military works still known by the name of Tadmarten Camp and Hook-Norton Barrow were cast up at this time ; the former, large and round, is judged to be a fortification of the Danes, and the latter, being smaller and rather a quinquangle than a square, of the Saxons.

肯尼特指出，塔德瑪頓營地和胡克-諾頓古墳等軍事設施，都是在這一時期建造的；前者大而圓，一般認定是丹人的防禦設施；後者小，比起方形來說更像是五邊形，一般認為是薩克遜人建造的。

1881, John Kirby Hedges, The history of Wallingford, 第 1 卷，第 170 頁:


Dane

轉變自暱稱的姓氏，來自對丹麥人的暱稱；也是 Dean 的變體。

Often he wrote good ones on casual slips and fancied them his; names like Trevellyan or Montressor or Delancey, with musical prefixes; or a good, short, beautiful, but dignified name like "Gordon Dane". He liked that one. It suggested something.

1913 Harry Leon Wilson, Bunker Bean, BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008, ISBN 0554347148, page 13

轉變自姓氏的男性人名，或源自族稱（類似 Scott、Norman）。

"I'm going to call him Dane."

1977 Colleen McCullough, The Thorn Birds, Gramercy Books 1998, ISBN 0517201658, pages 432-433


Federal Republic of Germany

德意志聯邦共和國 西德的正式名稱

德意志聯邦共和國 統一後德國的正式名稱


West Germany

最初是對英法美三國佔領下德國區域的非正式稱呼，受德語 Westdeutschland、Westdeutscher的影響，此二者自17-18世紀開始用來稱呼歐洲德語區的西端。

指英國、法國、美國三國佔領下的德國


Englishwoman

源自中古英語 Englishwoman，等同於English + -woman。对比Englishman。


Emirati

阿拉伯聯合酋長國/阿拉伯聯合大公國的


Emirati

阿拉伯聯合酋長國/阿拉伯聯合大公國人


Emiri

阿拉伯聯合酋長國/阿拉伯聯合大公國人


Emiri

more Emiri (comparative)
most Emiri (superlative)

阿拉伯聯合酋長國/阿拉伯聯合大公國的


Emirian

阿拉伯聯合酋長國/阿拉伯聯合大公國人


Emirian

more Emirian (comparative)
most Emirian (superlative)

阿拉伯聯合酋長國/阿拉伯聯合大公國的


Eritrean

more Eritrean (comparative)
most Eritrean (superlative)


Even

源自俄語 Эве́нский (Evénskij)，源自эвэн (evɛn)，源自滿-通古斯語系。对比Evenki。


Evenki

源自俄語 эвенки́йский (evenkíjskij)或鄂溫克語 эвэнкӣ (əwənkī)。


Evenki

借自俄語 эве́нки (evénki)。


Falkland Islands

源自Falkland Sound (“福克蘭海峽”)，由1690年登島的約翰·斯特朗以Viscount Falkland（福克蘭子爵）命名 。

Falklands

福克蘭群島（群島及海外領地名，位於英國，位於南大西洋）。

Malvinas

福克蘭群島（群島及海外領地名，位於英國，位於南大西洋）。

福克蘭群島（群島及海外領地名，位於英國，位於南大西洋）。


Malvinas

Falkland Islands

馬爾維納斯群島（群島及海外領地名，位於英國，位於南大西洋）

Falklands

馬爾維納斯群島（群島及海外領地名，位於英國，位於南大西洋）

馬爾維納斯群島（群島及海外領地名，位於英國，位於南大西洋）


kelper

kelp + -er，因為當地被巨藻包圍。


Kelper

kelper (“福克蘭群島人”)的另一種寫法


Finn

源自古英語 Finnas 複 (“薩米人”)，源自古諾爾斯語 Finnr (“狩獵採集者”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *finnaz。本義可能是食物的“尋找者”，指過著遊獵生活的部族，尤指薩米人。

其他講芬蘭語支語言民族的人

源自古諾爾斯語的男性人名


Finn

Fionn 的古愛爾蘭語及中古愛爾蘭語形式。

河名，位於愛爾蘭多尼戈爾


Gilbertese

Gilbert + -ese。參見英語維基百科條目Gilbertese language § Name。


Ghanaian

‘I lost my job as the personal chef to the Ghanaian Ambassador to Nigeria.’

“我丟掉了作為加納駐尼日利亞大使私人廚師的工作”

2020, Abi Daré, The Girl With The Louding Voice, Sceptre，第 145 頁:


Ghanaian

The locals did this, waiting for tourists to disembark so that they could con them into paying for things Ghanaians knew were free.

當地人這麼做，等待著遊客們下車，這樣就可以騙他們，為那些加納人免費就能搞定的事情花錢。

2016, Yaa Gyasi, Homegoing, Penguin Books (2017)，第 264 頁:


Gibraltarian

more Gibraltarian (comparative)
most Gibraltarian (superlative)

The curse has been Spanish ineptitude feeding Gibraltarian intransigence. Border hold-ups are counterproductive to winning hearts and minds, as were blundering Argentinian landings on the outer Falklands.
诅咒在于，西班牙的无能助长了直布罗陀不妥协的意愿。边境封锁不但没有赢得人心，还起了反作用，就像当年阿根廷在福克兰群岛外围的错误登陆一样。

2013, Simon Jenkins, Gibraltar and the Falklands deny the logic of history (in The Guardian, 14 August 2013)http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/14/gibraltar-falklands-deny-logic-history


Gibraltarian

The idea of a British warship supposedly menacing Spain is ludicrous. Is it meant to bomb Cadiz? Will its guns lift a rush-hour tailback in a colony that most Britons regard as awash with tax dodgers, drug dealers and right-wing whingers? The Gibraltarians have rights, but why British taxpayers should send warships to enforce them, even if just "on exercise", is a mystery.
一艘英国军舰怎么会对西班牙造成威胁呢，这个想法真是可笑。它是要轰炸加的斯吗？它的炮火会在直布罗陀，这个被大多数英国人视为充斥着逃税者、毒贩和发牢骚的右翼者的殖民地，掀起一阵“高峰期的长队”吗？直布罗陀人有权利，但为什么英国的纳税人要派军舰去执行这些权利，即使只是“演习”，也是一个谜。


Gibraltarian

直布羅陀人所說的方言，為英式英語和安達盧西亞西班牙語的混合


Greenlander

Were it not for this, we Europeans should have no wood to burn there, and the poor Greenlanders […] would, however, have no wood to roof their houses, to erect their tents, as also to build their boats, and to shaft their arrows.

1865, Henry David Thoreau, Cape Cod, Chapter IV. "The Beach", page 54.


Grenadian

We agreed that the operation would have to be mounted under conditions of the strictest secrecy, so that the Grenadian forces and Cubans on Grenada would not have time to bring in reinforcements or to make a run for the American students at St. George's University Medical School.

我们同意，这次行动必须在最严格的保密条件下进行，这样格林纳达的部队和岛上的古巴人就没有时间带来增援，也没有时间把圣乔治大学医学院的美国学生带走。

1990, Ronald Reagan, An American Life, Pocket Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，第 450 頁:


Guyanese

/ˌɡaɪəˈniːz/


Guyanese

/ˌɡaɪəˈniːz/


Guinean

幾內亞比紹/幾內亞比索的


Hellenic

源自古希臘語 Ἑλληνικός (Hellēnikós, “希臘的，希臘人的”)，源自古希臘語 Ἑλλάς (Hellás, “希臘”)，等同於Hellen + -ic。
古典借詞源自古希臘語，起於17世紀，最早見於1640年左右。

more Hellenic (comparative)
most Hellenic (superlative)


Hellenic

自有記錄以來，從古至今的所有希臘語


Icelander

源自Iceland + -er。代替更早的中古英語 Iselandman (“冰島人”)。


Irani

源自波斯語 ایرانی (Irâni)。


Irani

源自波斯語 ایرانی (Irâni)。

南亞次大陸上兩個拜火教社群的成員


Irishman

It is so absurd to advance into the presence of savage royalty after the fashion of an Irishman driving a pig to market, for that is what we looked like, and the idea nearly made me burst out laughing then and there.

以爱尔兰人赶着猪去市场的方式进入野蛮的皇室，这太荒唐了，因为我们看起来就像这样，这个想法几乎让我当时就笑出声来。

1887, H. Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure:


Ivorian

/aɪˈvɔːɹiən/

Battling Bolton disputed the goal, claiming Drogba was offside, but the Ivorian appeared to have timed his angled run across the visitors back line to perfection to race onto a fine Michael Essien pass and ensure Chelsea moved back into fourth place in the Premier League.

博尔顿对进球提出异议，声称德罗巴越位，但科特迪瓦人似乎对他斜着跑过客队后防线的时间把握得很好，接到迈克尔·埃辛的妙传，确保切尔西回到英超联赛的第四位。

2010年December29日, Chris Whyatt, “Chelsea 1 - 0 Bolton”, 出自 BBC:


Ivorian

/aɪˈvɔːɹiən/


Kachin

源自緬甸語 ကချင် (ka.hkyang)。


Kachin

源自緬甸語 ကချင် (ka.hkyang)。

克欽邦（邦名，位於緬甸）


Jordanian

/d͡ʒɔːˈdeɪnɪən/


Jordanian

/d͡ʒɔːˈdeɪnɪən/


Kazakhstani

more Kazakhstani (comparative)
most Kazakhstani (superlative)

Unlike Ali G Indahouse, Baron Cohen’s failed attempt to bring his most famous character into an entirely fictional universe, Borat found the comic tension in placing his Kazakhstani buffoon in delicate social situations, like a rodeo where he supports the “War Of Terror” a bit too zealously.

2012年May15日, Scott Tobias, “Film: Reviews: The Dictator”, 出自 The Onion AV Club:


Kosovan

more Kosovan (comparative)
most Kosovan (superlative)


Kyrgyzstani

more Kyrgyzstani (comparative)
most Kyrgyzstani (superlative)


Liechtensteiner

列支敦士登/列支敦斯登人


Luxembourgish

/ˈlʌksəmˌbəːɡɪʃ/


Luxembourgish

/ˈlʌksəmˌbəːɡɪʃ/


Madagascan

more Madagascan (comparative)
most Madagascan (superlative)


Divehi

Dhivehi的另一種拼寫法


Malian

馬利斯（古希臘部落）成員


Montenegrin

源自意大利語 montenegrino；等同於Montenegro + -ine。

more Montenegrin (comparative)
most Montenegrin (superlative)

/ˌmɒntɪˈniːɡɹɪn/


Montenegrin

/ˌmɒntɪˈniːɡɹɪn/


Nauruan

[nɑːˈuː.ɹuːn̩]


Nauruan

[nɑːˈuː.ɹuːn̩]


Nauruan

[nɑːˈuː.ɹuːn̩]


Nigerien

/niːˈʒɛəɹi.ən/

/niːˈʒɛrɪən/


Nigerien

/niːˈʒɛəɹi.ən/

/niːˈʒɛrɪən/


Panamanian

Now when Ruthie says come see her / In her honky-tonk lagoon / Where I can watch her waltz for free / 'Neath her Panamanian moon

1966, Bob Dylan （作曲作詞）, “Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again”, 出自 Blonde on Blonde:


Papua New Guinean

巴布亞新幾內亞/巴布亞紐幾內亞人


Papua New Guinean

巴布亞新幾內亞/巴布亞紐幾內亞的


Papuan

more Papuan (comparative)
most Papuan (superlative)

巴布亞新幾內亞/巴布亞紐幾內亞的


Papuan

巴布亞新幾內亞/巴布亞紐幾內亞人


Puerto Rican

/ˈpɔɹ.ɾəˌɹiː.kən/

Today many of our newcomers are from Mexico and Puerto Rico. We sometimes forget that Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens by birth and therefore cannot be considered immigrants. Nonetheless, they often receive the same discriminatory treatment and opprobrium that were faced by other waves of newcomers. The same things are said today of Puerto Ricans and Mexicans that were once said of Irish, Italians, Germans and Jews: “They’ll never adjust; they can’t learn the language; they won’t be absorbed.”

如今，我国的许多新公民来自墨西哥和波多黎各。我们有时会忘记，波多黎各人天生就是美国公民，因此不能被视为移民。尽管如此，他们与其他新移民浪潮一样，经常受到歧视性待遇和责难。今天人们对波多黎各人和墨西哥人的评价与曾经对爱尔兰人、意大利人、德国人和犹太人的评价相同：“他们永远不会适应；他们学不会英语；他们无法融入美国社会”。

1964, John F. Kennedy, “Waves of Immigration-the Post-Revolutionary Forces”, 出自 A Nation of Immigrants, Revised and Enlarged版, Harper & Row, →LCCN, →OCLC，第 63 頁:


Puerto Rican

more Puerto Rican (comparative)
most Puerto Rican (superlative)

/ˈpɔɹ.ɾəˌɹiː.kən/


Roumanian

more Roumanian (comparative)
most Roumanian (superlative)


Rakhine

源自緬甸語 ရခိုင် (ra.hkuing)。


Rakhine

源自緬甸語 ရခိုင် (ra.hkuing)。


Arakanese

more Arakanese (comparative)
most Arakanese (superlative)


Saudi Arabian

沙特阿拉伯/沙烏地阿拉伯人


Saudi Arabian

more Saudi Arabian (comparative)
most Saudi Arabian (superlative)

沙特阿拉伯/沙烏地阿拉伯的


Scot

源自古英語 Scottas (“愛爾蘭人”)，源自晚期拉丁語 Scotti。


Scot

源自古英語 Scottas (“愛爾蘭人”)，源自晚期拉丁語 Scotti。

轉變自姓氏的男性人名，Scott的變體。


Sierra Leonean

more Sierra Leonean (comparative)
most Sierra Leonean (superlative)


Serb

源自塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 Srbi，源自原始斯拉夫語 *sьrbъ (“同盟；塞族人；索布人”)，源自原始印歐語 *ser- (“保護；看守”)；類似拉丁語 servo (“保護，守衛”)、古英語 searu (“武器，盔甲”)、立陶宛語 sárgas (“看守人”)、古希臘語 ἥρως (hḗrōs, “英雄”)、阿維斯陀語 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (haraⁱti)、𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (haᵘruuaⁱti, “守護”)。 Sorb 的同源對似詞。

塞族人，塞爾維亞人 (对比表示國籍的 Serbian)


Solomon Islander

所羅門群島/索羅門群島人


Sotho

Sesotho (“塞索托語”)之同義詞

Mosotho (“塞索托人，賴索托/萊索托人”)之同義詞


South Korean

By now South Koreans understand Pyongyang’s logic and know North Korea is highly unlikely to make good on its gothic threats.

現在韓國人理解了平壤政府的邏輯，并且知道朝鲜不太可能兑现其咄咄逼人的威胁。

2013年April9日, Andrei Lankov, “Stay Cool. Call North Korea’s Bluff.”, 出自 New York Times:


São Toméan

聖多美的；聖多美和普林西比/聖多美普林西比的


São Toméan

聖多美人；聖多美和普林西比/聖多美普林西比人


Santomean

São Toméan的另一種寫法


Santomean

São Toméan的另一種寫法


Togolese

源自法語 togolais，等同於Togo + -ese。-l- 是法語中為解決 -o + -ais 發音問題而插入，也見於congolais及對應的英語詞Congolese；英語自造詞中則不會這麼加，如 Faroese、Chicagoese。


Tajik

源自波斯語 تاجیک (tâjik, “（中亞的）非突厥人”)（類似تازی (tâzi)、تازیک (tâzik)），源自中古波斯語 tʾcyk' (tāzīg, “阿拉伯人”)，源自阿拉伯語 طَيِّئ (ṭayyiʔ, 一阿拉伯氏族的名稱)。
民間詞源常認為源自塔吉克語 тоҷ (toj, “皇冠”)（參見阿拉伯語 تَاج (tāj)，源自波斯語 تاج (tâj, “皇冠”)），但這是錯誤說法。


Tadzhik

Tajik的另一種拼寫法


Tadzhik

Tajik的另一種拼寫法


Tadzhik

Tajik的另一種拼寫法


Ukie

more Ukie (comparative)
most Ukie (superlative)


Zimbabwean

more Zimbabwean (comparative)
most Zimbabwean (superlative)


Zairean

/zʌɪˈɪəɹ.ɪ.ən/


Zairean

/zʌɪˈɪəɹ.ɪ.ən/


Turkmen

可能最初為Turkman的變體，受俄語 Туркме́н (Turkmén)，或可能土耳其語或土庫曼語 Türkmen的影響。


Turkmen

The conquest took 16 years and ended in 1885 in a battle with the Afghans on the banks of the Murghab. During this period, the Turkmens offered the Russians stubborn resistance […]

2005, Chahryar Adle, History of Civilizations of Central Asia (page 316)

Keimir-Ker, a Turkmen from the Tekke clan, led a rebellion against the Persians […]

2009, Barbara A. West, Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania (page 841)


birches

birch的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


rescued

rescue 的過去式和過去分詞


reduces

reduce的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


secured

secure 的過去式和過去分詞


securing

/səˈkjʊəɹɪŋ/

/səˈkjɔːɹɪŋ/


Tokyoite

more Tokyoite (comparative)
most Tokyoite (superlative)


grasps

grasp的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


sings

sing的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


creams

cream的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


plums

plum的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


halves

halve的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


discounts

discount的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


disses

diss的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


admires

admire的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


admired

admire 的過去式和過去分詞


follows

follow的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


telescopes

telescope的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


truths

truth的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


nursed

nurse 的過去式和過去分詞


Germans

/ˈd͡ʒɜːmənz/


intubes

intube的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


zonk out

After a full day of playing, you'd think that kid would finally zonk out.

那小孩玩了一整天后，还以为他/她终于会昏睡过去了。


surefire

more surefire (comparative)
most surefire (superlative)


sure-fire

sure + fire，原用于指枪械的开火性能。

more sure-fire (comparative)
most sure-fire (superlative)

That hat should be a sure-fire way to spot him in a crowd.

用那个帽子绝对能在人群里认出他来。


myriagon

For it differs in no way from the representation I should form if I were thinking of a myriagon, or any figure with very many sides.

1998, Réné Descartes, Meditations (translated by Desmond M. Clarke; Penguin 2003; p.58)


boolean

Boolean的大小寫替代形式


boolean

Boolean的大小寫替代形式


échelon

echelon的另一種寫法。

As soon as the infantry had replenished their ammunition, they wheeled to the left in échelon of brigades, and began to march towards Surgham ridge. The movements of a great force are slow. It was not desirable that the British division, which led the échelon, should remain in the low ground north of Surgham—where it was commanded, had no field of fire, and could see nothing—and accordingly both these brigades moved forward almost together to occupy the crest of the ridge.

步兵一补充完弹药，就以旅为单位向左转，开始向苏尔汉姆山脊行进。一支大部队的行动是缓慢的。带领这个梯队的英军师不应该留在苏尔汉北部的低洼地带——按照指挥，那里没有火力范围，也看不到任何东西——因此这两个旅几乎一起前进，占领了山脊的顶峰。

1899, Winston Spencer Churchill, “The Battle of Omdurman: September 2, 1898 [恩圖曼之戰：1898年9月2日]”, 出自 F[rancis] Rhodes 編, The River War: An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan [...] In Two Volumes [河上戰爭：征服蘇丹的歷史記錄 … 共二卷], 第 II 卷, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 89 Paternoster Row, →OCLC，第 145–146 頁s:


virent

源自拉丁語 virens，virere (“是綠色的”)的現在分詞。

more virent (comparative)
most virent (superlative)


Ram

與德比郡足球俱樂部有關的人


skoot

schuit的另一種寫法


drug abuse

濫用藥物；吸毒 （自20世紀）


tronk

借自南非語 tronk，源自荷蘭語 tronk，源自葡萄牙語 tronco，源自拉丁語 truncus。truncus和trunk 的同源對似詞。

It must here be explained that the tronk, or jail, is the general receptacle, not only of convicted criminals, but of such Hottentots or slaves as are found, improperly or illegally wandering about the country […]

在此必须解释的是，tronk，即监狱，是一般的收容所，不仅收容被定罪的罪犯，而且收容那些被发现不正当或非法在国内游荡的霍屯督人或奴隶 […]

1824, William John Burchell, Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa [南部非洲内陆游记]:

The diary of another settler, who had been wrongfully imprisoned in the Tronk, and described the daily life there in no uncertain terms […]

另一位定居者，他曾被错误地关在监狱里，他在日记里非常清晰地描述了那里的日常生活 […]

1958, Isobel Rae, The strange story of Dr James Barry [詹姆斯·巴里博士的奇怪故事]:

It was built, as far as I can discover, because the rightly denounced the overcrowding of the old "tronk" on the waterfront.

据我所知，因为《Cape Argus》报正确地谴责了海滨旧监狱的过度拥挤问题，那里才建了起来。

1985, Lawrence George Green, Maureen Barnes, The best of Lawrence Green [劳伦斯·格林精选集]:


stronk

將strong故意拼錯，部分情況下是幽默地模仿斯拉夫/東歐口音。

stronker (comparative)
stronkest (superlative)

strong 的故意錯拼。


stronk

將stroke故意拼錯。

stroke 的故意錯拼。


bewaring

… in most cases, you may try the lever or the forceps, but with gentleness, with caution, as on your dearest friend, bewaring lest you occasion a laceration or sloughing of the softer parts; …

1834, James Blundell, The Principles and Practice of Obstetricy, page 282

They are to be admonished to understand that they often sin still worse by bewaring of little sins than they do with great ones; because they simulate innocence by bewaring of the little ones.

1871, unknown translator, Henry Sweet (ed.), King Alfred's West-Saxon Version of Gregory's Pastoral Care, page 438

"Oh, my lord, beware of jealousy!" Yes; and my lord couldn't possibly have more reason for bewaring of it than myself; …

1896, Thomas de Quincey, Collected Writings, page 82


hoed

hoe 的過去式和過去分詞


offer one's condolences

offers one's condolences
offering one's condolences
offered one's condolences

The president offered his condolences to the mother of the dead soldier.

總統向死難士兵的母親致以哀悼。


vires

The → United Kingdom, in particular, argued that the adoption of universally applicable rules for determining the law applicable to non-contractual obligations was not necessary for the proper functioning of the Internal Market and that some territorial restriction on the situations to which the Regulation’s rules would apply was appropriate. Although that position was apparently supported by a legal opinion given by the Council’s legal service (Opinion of the Council Legal Service on the proposal for a Regulation on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations (“ROME II”) of 2 March 2004, 7015/04), the Commission, with the support of the vast majority of Member States, fiercely resisted limits of this kind. Its wish ultimately prevailed, and a challenge to the vires of the Regulation now appears a remote prospect given the broadening of EU competence in the area of justice by the Lisbon Treaty (see now art 81 TFEU).

2017, Andrew Dickinson, “Rome II Regulation (non-contractual obligations”, 出自 Encyclopedia of Private International Law, 第 2 卷, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, →ISBN，第 1563 頁:


vires

vire的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


vire

將一個賬戶的盈餘轉換到另一個賬戶上，以彌補赤字

For example, in 1993, only 8 per cent of the survey schools said that they were likely to vire funds if problems arose during the year.

1996, Derek Glover & Sue Law, Managing Professional Development in Education:

Prison education budgets were placed in the hands of prison governors who could vire money to other areas of the prisons.

2005, House of Commons (United Kingdom), Prison Education Report:

Because we cannot vire money between budgets, we buy more machines than we need, but cannot pay anyone to run them!

2012, David Maclaren, "Changing the Civil Service", Managing Public Services:


adjutor

源自拉丁語 adiūtor (“幫手，助手”)，源自adiuvō (“幫助，協助”)。


vison

借自法語 vison (“水貂”)。


arbust

可能借自法語 arbuste。

One afternoon, she was in her garden cutting with a knife the sprouts of a shrub taller than a man; this arbust is known by the name of bellflower.

一天下午，她在花园里用刀割着一种比人还高的灌木的嫩芽；这种灌木的名字叫铃兰花。

1910, Archives of Ophthalmology, 第 39 卷:

that may also contain, timber, arbusts and other plants.

可能还包含木材、灌木和其他植物。

2014, Laure Ducos, Importance of the traditional land-use and land-tenure systems of Waraka:


au fait

more au fait (comparative)
most au fait (superlative)

Are you au fait with the rules of the game?

The Chevalier was, as usual, au fait at all the anecdotes of the court, which had been exceedingly gay, owing to the visit of Madame de Savoie and her daughter, the Princess Marguerite.

骑士像往常一样，对宫廷的所有轶事了如指掌，由于萨瓦夫人和她的女儿玛格丽特公主的来访，宫廷的气氛非常热烈。

1834, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Francesca Carrara, 第 2 卷，第 175 頁:

Now there is father; he is au fait in all these matters; has a theory for every case of whooping-cough, – and a mission school.

现在有了父亲；他对所有这些事情都很熟悉；有一套适用于所有百日咳病例的理论，还有一所传教学校。

1871, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, “The Silent Partner”, 出自 Popular American Literature of the 19th Century, →ISBN，第 857 頁:

In that case, it would help to have a benevolent deity who is au fait with those complexities — but that there is such a deity is a feature of Stoic theology.

1999, R.J. Hankinson, The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy, →ISBN，第 535 頁:

This may sound needless to the professional who is au fait with the history and direction of the investigation.

对于熟悉调查历史和方向的专业人士来说，这可能听起来没有必要。

2003, D R J Laming, Understanding Human Motivation: What Makes People Tick?, →ISBN，第 4 頁:


pressure group

Passengers, pressure groups and local authorities have criticised the operator's plans for a permanent reduction in services.

乘客、利益团体和地方当局都批评了运营商永久减少服务的计划。

2021年September8日, Paul Clifton, “Opposition mounts to SWR's planned timetable reductions [反对西南铁路公司削减班次计划的呼声高涨]”, 出自 RAIL, 第 939 期，第 27, photo caption 頁:


sweet tooth

He eats a healthy diet most of the time, but has a sweet tooth when it comes to candy.

他大部分時間飲食都很健康，但只要有糖他就愛不釋手。


hout

源自南非語 hout。holt 的同源對似詞。


ageism

age + -ism。於1969年由羅伯特·尼爾·巴特勒所造。


ageist

more ageist (comparative)
most ageist (superlative)

Upon hearing that his employer would soon require yearly physical examinations and vision screening, my father exclaimed that the policy was ageist.

听说雇主很快就会要求每年进行身体检查和视力检查，我父亲惊呼说这项政策是年龄歧视。

Even though she had succeeded in the phone interview, when the ageist employer learned that the candidate was only 18 years old, she became hesitant.

尽管电话面试成功了，但得知应聘者只有18岁时，这位年龄歧视的雇主还是犹豫了。


ageist

He didn’t like to think of himself as an ageist, but he had to admit that he hadn’t considered the needs of some of the more elderly participants.

他不乐于认为自己有年龄歧视，但他不得不承认，他没有考虑到一些年龄较大的参与者的需求。


Suez Canal

蘇伊士運河（運河名，位於埃及）


marauding

more marauding (comparative)
most marauding (superlative)

a marauding band

A marauding stoat entered the rabbit warren and killed fifteen bunnies.

一只凶残的短尾鼬闯进兔子窝，杀了15只兔子。

The marauding lion jumped the fence and killed the goat.

凶残的狮子跳过围栏，把那只山羊杀死了。


marauding

On the 22d, the corporation of Albany passed a vote of thanks to General Heath, for the alacrity which he had displayed in defending the northern frontiers of the state of New York against the maraudings of the enemy.

1834, R Thomas, The Glory Of America (page 514)


space-saving

more space-saving (comparative)
most space-saving (superlative)


eastern hemisphere

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见eastern、hemisphere。


western hemisphere

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见western、hemisphere。


braking

the acceleratings and brakings of a vehicle


reign of terror

源自法國大革命的恐怖時期（Reign of Terror）。


scare off

A quick growl scared off the mouse.

一声急促的咆哮吓跑了老鼠。

The hefty price tag scared off any potential buyers.

高昂的价格吓跑了所有潜在的买家。


appallingly

more appallingly (comparative)
most appallingly (superlative)


schnitzel

非同化借詞，源自德語 Schnitzel (“肉片，肉塊”)。


koken

借自日語 後見(こうけん) (kōken)。

穿黑衣、負責佈置舞臺的工作人員

McAllister uses the Japanese device of the koken for changing scenes, distributing props, and creating furniture.

1988年July8日, Diana Spinrad, “Tango; Chicago Young Playwrights Festival”, 出自 Chicago Reader:


jager

jaeger的另一種寫法


sente

分，萊索托/賴索托的輔幣，相當於百分之一洛蒂（loti）


sente

源自日語 先手 (sente)。


tapai

源自印尼語 tapai。


dites

dite的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


paroemia

源自拉丁語 paroemia (“諺語”)，源自古希臘語 παροιμία (paroimía, “諺語”)。


dite

His hideous club aloft he dites.

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book I, Canto VIII”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 18:


siskin

源自方言德語 Sisschen、Zeischen，中古高地德語 zisec的指小詞，可能源自原始斯拉夫語 *čižь（對比波蘭語 czyżyk）。

黃雀（Carduelis spinus spinus / Carduelis spinus / Spinus spinus）

I sat there on a bench in dappled shade, beside an aviary full of brightly feathered finches and siskins fluttering about.
我坐在斑驳树荫下的长椅上，旁边是一个鸟笼，里面全是羽毛鲜艳的雀鸟和飞来飞去的鶸鸟。

2001, Anthea Bell, translating WG Sebald, Austerlitz, Penguin 2011, p. 2:

Many of these classic methods are still used, with some modern improvements. For example, with the aid of special microphones and automated sound detection software, ornithologists recently reported […] that pine siskins (Spinus pinus) undergo an irregular, nomadic type of nocturnal migration.

其中许多经典的方法仍在使用，辅以现代改进。例如，借助于特殊的麦克风和自动声音检测软件，鸟类学家最近报告说 […] 黄雀（Spinus pinus）进行了一种不规则的、游牧式的夜间迁移。

2013年January10日, Paul Bartell, Ashli Moore, “Avian Migration: The Ultimate Red-Eye Flight”, 出自 American Scientist, 第 101 卷, 第 1 期，第 47–48 頁s:

金翅亞科（Carduelinae）鳥類，尤指其下屬的黃雀屬（Spinus）中的物種


fuzil

fusil (“步槍”)的另一種寫法


cogitant

源自拉丁語 cōgitans，cōgitō (“想，思考”)的現在主動不定式。

more cogitant (comparative)
most cogitant (superlative)


anglerfish

anglerfish (plural)
anglerfishes (plural)

/ˈæŋɡlɚˌfɪʃ/

/ˈæŋɡləˌfɪʃ/


angler fish

angler fish (plural)
angler fishes (plural)


scient

源自拉丁語 sciēns (“知道的”)，源自sciō (“知道”)。

more scient (comparative)
most scient (superlative)

知道的，了解的，有知識的


scient

源自拉丁語 sciēns (“知道的”)，源自sciō (“知道”)。


vaut

Lyke an huge cave hewne out of rocky clifte,
From whose rough vaut the ragged breaches hong

就像在岩石上凿出的一个巨大洞穴，
其粗糙的壁顶布满破损的裂缝

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book II, Canto VII”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


vaut

Like to thicke clouds that threat a stormy showre ,
And vauted all within like to the skye

就像暴风雨来临前的黑厚云层，
笼罩着整片天空

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book III, Canto IV”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


piques

pique的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


equips

equip的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


piqué

借自法語 piqué、中古法語 piqué (“绗缝的”)，piquer (“扎，刺；把……縫到一起；給……塗豬油”)之過去分詞的名詞用法。


habitué

借自法語 habitué，habituer (“使習慣於”)的過去分詞，源自晚期拉丁語 habituare (“習慣於”)，源自habitus。

/həˈbɪt͡ʃuˌeɪ/

A month ago the new smoking ban turned thousands of bar-room habitués into reluctant exiles from their usual corner seat.

一个月前新实施的禁烟令，使得数以千计的酒吧常客不情愿地离开他们常去的角落座位。

Indeed, many guests even became habitués in order to blaze a trail with reckless abandon seven days a week.

2011年September28日, Greg Simmons, “The most rock'n'roll hotel in the world? Los Angeles' Chateau Marmont”, 出自 The Guardian:


encloses

enclose的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


outrages

outrage的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


Godzilla

源自日語 ゴジラ (Gojira)，由ゴリラ (gorira, “大猩猩”)和鯨 (kujira)构成的混成词，为同名电影而造。

What other television show would feature a gorgeously designed sequence where a horrifically mutated Pierre and Marie Curie, their bodies swollen to Godzilla-like proportions from prolonged exposure to the radiation that would eventually kill them, destroy an Asian city with their bare hands like vengeance-crazed monster-Gods?

2012年May20日, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Marge Gets A Job” (season 4, episode 7; originally aired 11/05/1992)”, 出自 The Onion AV Club:


Godzilla

a Godzilla of a tower building

Aren't we supposed to be a big, terrifying country, a Godzilla of capitalism wrecking the globe?

2009, P. J. O'Rourke, Peace Kills, Atlantic Books, →ISBN:


musses

muss的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


Godzirra

Godzilla的發音拼寫，代表了日本口音的英语。


descends

descend的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


incertain

more incertain (comparative)
most incertain (superlative)

And again, that as these acquisitions are in themselves generally worthless, so are the means to attain them not only base and infamous, but at best incertain, and always full of danger.

而且，由于这些收益本身通常是没有价值的，所以达到这些收益的手段不仅卑鄙、不光彩，充其量只能说是不确定的，而且总是充满着危险。

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:


hardiment

But full of fire and greedy hardiment, / The youthfull knight could not for ought be staide […]

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book I, Canto I”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


dirigisme

借自法語 dirigisme，源自diriger (“帶領，引導；領導，指導”)，源自拉丁語 dirigere，dīrigō (“帶領，引導，指導”)的現在主動不定式。

/ˈdɪɹɪʒɪz(ə)m/

統制經濟（國家對經濟等方面進行強有力的控制） （自20世紀）

These agents, for the same distributional and paternalistic reasons that motivated many of the socialist experiments in economic dirigisme, may seek to use political authority to modify, at least in part, the results of the market system.

1991, James M. Buchanan, The Minimal Politics of Market Order, pp. 222, Cato Journal 11:2:

In the name of development, the reformed states adopted the dirigisme of colonial administration – forced labour re-emerged in them as well.

在发展的名义下，改革后的国家采用了殖民管理的统制经济思想——强迫劳动也在这些国家重新出现。

2011, Robert C. Allen, Global Economic History: A Very Short Introduction [全球经济史：非常简短的介绍]，第 113 頁:


dirigiste

借自法語 dirigiste，源自diriger (“帶領，引導；領導，指導”)，源自拉丁語 dirigere，dīrigō (“帶領，引導，指導”)的現在主動不定式。

more dirigiste (comparative)
most dirigiste (superlative)

（經濟等方面）受中央統制管理的

The repeated crises in dirigiste systems are in essence crises of information since the abolition of the market leaves the central planner bereft of that economic knowledge which is required for harmony.

統制經濟體制中反覆出現的危機實質上是信息的危機，因為市場的廢除使中央計劃者失去了和諧所需的經濟知識。

1982, Norman Barry, “The Tradition of Spontaneous Order [自發性秩序的傳統]”, 出自 Literature of Liberty, 第 5 卷, 第 2 期，第 10 頁:

Certainly, popular demands and the force of circumstances have already pushed the Biden administration towards a dirigiste programme of government-led recovery that has no real precedent since the 1960s.

2022, Jeremy Gilbert, Alex Williams, “Strange Times”, 出自 Hegemony Now, London: Verso, →ISBN, part III:


dirigiste

Warren wants to centralize economic decisions, creating a Department of Economic Development — a top-down council of government dirigistes.

沃伦希望将经济决策集中化，建立经济发展部——一个自上而下、由支持政府统制经济的专家主管的委员会。

2019年July1日, David Brooks, “Moderates Have the Better Story [温和派有更好的说法]”, 出自 The New York Times:


landrush

土地抢购潮 （美国历史上的事件，一些曾受限的土地开放供人购买建房子，人们可以按先到先得前去注册）

It never knew a boom and was relatively untouched by the great landrush of the 1850's.

1967, Roger G Kennedy, Minnesota Houses:

The landrush to all intents and purposes made the cowboy defunct.

（对有限资源的）争抢，哄抢

In the event that an applicant obtains the domain name in question through the Landrush process described below, the service will be activated...

2001, United States Congress, ICANN, New GTLDS, and the Protection of Intellectual Property:


pends

pend的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


rejoint

使……的接頭重新連接起來

（建築物中的砂漿開始脫落時）填滿……的接合處


joins

join的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


ailing

When you're well enough off so's you don't have to fret about anything but your heft or your diseases you begin to get queer, I suppose. And the queerer the cure for those ailings the bigger the attraction. A place like the Right Livers' Rest was bound to draw freaks, same as molasses draws flies.

1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, 章號 5, 出自 Mr. Pratt's Patients:


ailing

more ailing (comparative)
most ailing (superlative)

体弱多病的，身体差的，不健康的

She cared for her ailing brother day in, day out.

她夜以继日地照顾她那体弱多病的弟弟。

Based on the successful Class 59 but with a much more modern engine, what was to become the Class 66 was designed to replace much of the company's elderly and ailing locomotive fleet.

2021年February24日, “Fleet News: Class 66 history”, 出自 RAIL, 第 925 期，第 27 頁:


semble

源自中古英語 semblen，源自古法語 sembler (“似乎，好像”)。

Where sembling art may carve the fair effect.

1706, Matthew Prior, An Ode humbly inscrib'd to the queen


semble

源自中古英語 semble，源自古法語 semble。

name and deede that bare the semble stile


semblant

But vnder simple shew and semblant plaine / Lurckt false Duessa secretly vnseene […]

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book II, Canto I”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


semblant

more semblant (comparative)
most semblant (superlative)


réchauffé

借自法語 réchauffé (“重新加熱的”)。

It is merely a réchauffé of ancient philosophies.
這只是將古代哲學重新表達了一番。


rechauffe

réchauffé的另一種拼寫法


mossel

mossle的另一種寫法


ramollissement

身體器官或組織因病態而出現的軟化狀況


mouches

mouch的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


haul ass

趕緊，趕快移動（尤指離開）

It's the cops! Haul ass!

trucks hauling ass on the interstate, trying to make up time

卡車在州際公路上飛馳，試圖彌補浪費掉的時間


oubliette

只能通過頂部活板門進入的地牢 （自18世紀）


kofta

借自波斯語 کوفته (kôfta, “碎肉”)，源自کوفتن (kôftan, “磨碎，打碎，打擊”)。

中東、高加索、南亞、巴爾幹半島的一類辣肉丸或肉糕


patines

patine的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


googles

google的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


permisses

permiss的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


norra

This is norra lorra fun.


gerra

Go an' gerra few more cans.


plaise

plaice (“鰈”)的棄用形式。


plaise

please的另一種寫法


pleurant

源自法語 pleurant (“哭泣的”)。

墓碑上作裝飾用的哭泣人像

Thought to be the work of the master sculptor Jean de Brecquessent, she is one of only a few of the 14 pleurants to have survived the tomb’s destruction during the French Revolution.

這個哭泣像據信出自雕塑大師讓·德·布雷克西的手筆，法國大革命時期逃過毀壞、倖存至今的僅存14個，它是其中之一。

2007年October19日, Karen Rosenberg, “Sacred Works in Secular Places”, 出自 New York Times:


plonge

清洗（如潮水進入打開的渠道，退潮時捲起其中的沉澱物）


washing-up liquid

I have to use a special washing-up liquid, because I have sensitive skin.

我必須用特製的洗潔精，因為我皮膚敏感。


plusses

plus的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


plonges

plonge的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


pareil

Among writers he was a man without pareil.

在作家當中，他是無與倫比的。


Balle

* 借自荷蘭語 Balle，多个含语素*balþaz (“大胆的”)的日耳曼人名的缩短形式。
* 借自丹麥語 Balle，源自balle (“坡，山丘”)的居民区人名。
* 加泰羅尼亞語 Batlle的再拼形式，其为派生自batlle (“镇长”)的职业姓氏。


visite

過去婦女在夏季穿的一種輕質披風或斗篷，以絲綢或蕾絲製成


carte de visite

名人的照片，其尺寸與名片相當


visiter

Lady Anne had too good taste for that. Still, any one who knew her not, might have thought，from the unusual care and pains bestowed on her appearance, that she herself meditated a conquest of their visiter.

1842, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Lady Anne Granard, 第 1 卷，第 88 頁:


tablier

某些非洲女性被撐大的小陰唇

圍裙或與其類似、有保護作用的裙類


order of battle

作战序列，战斗序列 （自17世纪）

Working for the Resistance, Challe, a regular airman, had skilfully obtained the Luftwaffe order-of-battle on the eve of D-Day and transmitted it to London, for which he was awarded the British D.S.O.

1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York Review Books 2006, p. 311:


orienter

[…] an agreement about their Significance in the sense that there is acceptance of the appropriateness of these signals and signs as orienters of interaction in a specific social situation and a commonality of response to them.

2009, Jerry D. Moore, Visions of Culture: An Annotated Reader (page 377)


ironise

ironize的另一種拼寫法


noisier

noisy 的比較級形式。


motorise

To keep the axle load within a 28-ton maximum, two eight-wheel bogies are employed, all axles of which are motorised.

为了将轴负荷控制在28吨以内，采用了两个八轮转向架，所有轴都是机动的。

1963 August, “New 5,000 H.P.-Plus Diesels for U.S. Railroads”, 出自 Modern Railways，第 127 頁:


motorised

motorise 的過去式和過去分詞


normalise

normalize在非牛津英式英語的标准拼写


to-day

[Alice:] Dear, dear! How queer everything is to-day!

1866, Lewis Carroll, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, chapter 2 (ISBN 0-333-48224-7, p. 17):


to-night

[Alice:] Dinah'll miss me very much to-night, I should think!

1866, Lewis Carroll, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, chapter 1 (ISBN 0-333-48224-7, p. 5):


mandarine

mandarin (“橘子”)的另一種拼寫法


cartier

carty 的比較級形式。


rends

rend的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


ravissant

後腿直立，像是要撲向獵物一樣的


ionises

ionise的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


motorises

motorise的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


normalises

normalise的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


neger

可能源自法語 nègre，源自西班牙語 negro；或是 nigger 的變體。

nigger之同義詞 （自16世紀）

The Parson still more eager, / Than lustful Turk or Neger, / Took up her lower Garment, / And said there was no harm in't, / According to the Text.

大約1700 ‘The Saint Turn'd Sinner’ (ballad):


dark-skinned

more dark-skinned (comparative)
most dark-skinned (superlative)

"They are only fit for muck, they are; and they smell bad enough for it already." Job, it will be perceived, was no admirer of the manners and customs of our dark-skinned brothers.

“他们只适合做泥巴；而且他们的气味已经够臭了。”可以看出，约伯并不喜欢我们黑皮肤兄弟的礼仪和习俗。

1887, H. Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure:


ghostwriter

Ghostwriters, typically the faceless forces behind many books by famous non-writers, are now becoming more visible, with celebrities openly teaming up with high-profile professionals.

本身不是作家的名人，他们出版的许多书籍背后，都有一股不露面的力量帮忙添光加彩——代笔作家。随着现在名人公开与高知名度的专业人士合作，代笔作家正逐渐揭开他们的神秘面纱。

2021年April13日, Cady Lang, “How Celebrity Memoirs Got So Good [名人回忆录是怎样变得如此精彩的]”, 出自 Time:

Smith was listed as the author of his autobiography, but a ghostwriter did most of the work.

史密斯被列为自传的作者，但大部分工作都是由他人代笔的。


blacklight

black light (“紫外線燈，黑光燈”)的另一種寫法


UMTS

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (“通用移动通讯系统”)之首字母縮略詞。


dents

dent的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


seeks

seek的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


guards

guard的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


shifted

shift 的過去式和過去分詞


trumpets

trumpet的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


focuses

focus的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


campuses

campus的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


canvasses

canvas的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式

canvass的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


canvases

canvas的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


assigns

assign的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


acronyms

acronym的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


provides

provide的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


inspected

inspect 的過去式和過去分詞


rates

rate的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


ZIP

Zone Improvement Plan (“區碼改善計劃”)之首字母縮略詞。（參見ZIP Code）


précises

précis的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


simplifies

simplify的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


regarde

regard的棄用形式。


regarde

regard的棄用形式。


crafts

craft的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


freezes

freeze的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


canals

canal的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


permits

permit的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


streams

stream的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


twitches

twitch的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


circuits

circuit的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


hammers

hammer的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


revives

revive的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


read like a book

reads like a book
reading like a book
read like a book

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-read like a book.ogg

（通過肢體語言或其他行為）清楚了解某人的想法、動機

I love playing poker against Maria because I can read her like a book.

我喜歡和瑪利亞打牌，因為我很清楚她出牌的思路。


read like an open book

reads like an open book
reading like an open book
read like an open book

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-read like an open book.ogg


estrone

雌酮（C₁₈H₂₂O₂）


estradiol

/ˌɛ.stɹəˈdaɪˌɔl/

雌二醇（C₁₈H₂₄O₂）


salade

sallet的另一種寫法：一種中世紀的頭盔


salade

This morning, May 2, 1662, having first broken my fast upon eggs and cooling salades, mellows, watercresses […]

a. 1834, Charles Lamb, Curious Fragments extracted from a common-place book, which belonged to Robert Burton […]


iceberg lettuce

I wonder how many of the readers of AMERICAN GARDENING have tried the Iceberg lettuce.

我好奇《美國園藝》的讀者裡面有多少人試過種結球萵苣。

1895, American Gardening, 第 16 卷，第 237 頁:


Nice

源自法語 Nice，源自拉丁語 Nīcaea，源自古希臘語 Νῑ́καια (Nī́kaia)。İznik和Nicaea 的同源對似詞。

尼斯（城市名，位於法國普羅旺斯-阿爾卑斯-藍色海岸濱海阿爾卑斯）

人口普查指定地區名，位於美國加利福尼亞萊克。


sallad

It is besides used as a food, either as a sallad, raw, or boiled as greens.

它还可以用作食物，如做沙拉、生食或煮成蔬菜。

1776, Thomas Pennant, A Tour in Scotland and Voyage to the Hebrides, 1772 [苏格兰之旅和赫布里底群岛航行，1772年]:


fruit salad

將水果切碎、混合浸入糖漿中的罐裝蜜餞


macedonia

Try the whole filet mignon, roast duckling, green lasagna, choucroute garni, Cornish hens, and the macedonia of fruit made each day.

1991, New York Magazine (volume 24, number 50, page 94)


slaw

（1861年左右） 借自荷蘭語 sla，salade (“色拉；萵苣”)的縮略。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-slaw.wav

Barbecue is always served with slaw in North Carolina and always has been.

在北卡州，燒烤一直都會配上涼拌捲心菜。

1996, Jerry Bledsoe,, 編者Lee Harrison Child, Slaw Crazy, Close to Home: Revelations and Reminiscences by North Carolina Authors，第 66 頁:

Slaws go well with grilled lean protein items and sandwiches.

涼拌捲心菜跟烤瘦肉和三明治很配。

2010, Judy Doherty, Salad Secrets: 100 of the Most Creative, Healthful Recipes [沙拉的秘密：100道最有創意的健康食譜]，第 103 頁:


crème de la crème

借自法語 crème de la crème (字面意思是“奶油中的奶油”)。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-us-crème de la crème.ogg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-uk-creme de la creme.ogg

To be an astronaut you must be the crème de la crème.

要成為宇航員，你必須得是精英中的精英。


cream of the crop

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-cream of the crop.ogg

They hoped to hire only the cream of the crop for the new project team.

他們希望只為新項目團隊聘請最優秀的人才。


macédoine

This one is a mixture of textures and tastes and all kinds of vegetables—that's why it is called a macédoine. It's an odd route from Alexander the Great to your table, but Alexander, a Macedonian, had an empire consisting of many disparate states.

这道菜混合了各种口感和味道，还有不同的蔬菜品种——这就是为什么它被称为“什锦蔬菜”（macédoine）。这就像是亚历山大大帝走了一条奇怪的路线，一直走到你的餐桌上。亚历山大是马其顿人，他的帝国由许多迥异的国家组成。

2003, Sheila Lukins, Celebrate!, Workman Publishing, →ISBN，第 311 頁:

We chilled it in a wonderful old French copper mold that we borrowed, naturally，源自Lucullus, and surrounded it with a macédoine of fruit.

我们把它放在一个奇妙的法国老铜制模具里冷藏，这个铜模自然是从卢库鲁斯那里借来的，并在它周围放上什锦水果。

2009, Julia Reed, Ham Biscuits, Hostess Gowns, and Other Southern Specialties: An Entertaining Life (with Recipes), St. Martin's Press, →ISBN:

Actually, this ethnic situation—a “macédoine” of peoples—was complicated even more from the 1860s on when some of the Slavs in Macedonia who had always called themselves Bulgarians (and were considered so by most foreign experts) began developing a Macedonian national consciousness.

实际上，从19世纪60年代开始，这种各民族“大杂烩”的状况变得更加复杂，当时一些一直自称是保加利亚人（而且也被大多数外国专家认为是保加利亚人）的马其顿斯拉夫人，开始形成马其顿的民族意识。

2014, Raymond Detrez, Historical Dictionary of Bulgaria, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN，第 305 頁:


macedoine

源自法語 Macédoine (“馬其頓”)。Macedonia 的同源對似詞。

It was as if a shell had burst in my immediate neighbourhood... A gaping chasm opened in the hillside. The air became full of a sort of macedoine of grass, dirt, flowers and beetles.

仿佛一发炮弹在我附近炸开了……。山坡上出现了一条裂缝。空气中充满了一种混合着草、泥土、花和甲虫的味道。

1937, P. G. Wodehouse, Lord Emsworth and Others, Woodstock, 出版於 2002, Overlook，第 112-113 頁s:


relit

relight 的過去式和過去分詞


sapeur

Since the 1920s, the sapeurs of the Congo have been making sartorial statements on the streets of Brazzaville and Kinshasa.

2020年July27日, Trey Kay, “Congolese dandies: Meet the stylish men and women of Brazzaville”, 出自 The Guardian, London: The Guardian Media Group, retrieved 2020-10-01:


terminant

neither of both are of like terminant , either by good orthography or in naturall sound , therfore such rime is strained

1588, George Puttenham, The Arte of English Poesie


terrasse

底座式（上有其他紋章元素）的圖案


terrasse

However, to bring the heads of the league the sooner to a capitulation, it was resolved upon in his council, to attack all the suburbs at once, which he executed on the night of the twenty seventh of July , with great success , having carried them in less than an hour , and bloated up all the doors , before which his men erected their lodgings , after terrassing the houses that were next the ditch.

1785, Hardouin de Péréfixe de Beaumont, The Life of Henry the Fourth of France，第 144 頁:

Gottwald lists three elements which may have made it possible for an Israelite tribal society to emerge in the Palestinian mountainous areas around 1200: the introduction of iron tools; the new technique of lining cisterns; and the new method of cultivation, which entailed terrassing the mountain slopes in order to control the use of the available rainfall.

1985, Lemche, Early Israel, →ISBN，第 19 頁:


savable

源自中古英語 savable，源自中古法語 sauvable，源自古法語 salvable、sauvable，源自中世紀拉丁語 salvābilis；等同於save + -able。


navel-string

One love potion was composed of the powdered navel string of a new-born baby boy.

其中一種催情藥是用新生男嬰的臍帶磨成粉製成的。

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long，第 82 頁:


imitant

But this regimental fashion is now the order of the day, and the young generation growing up among Belgrave Squares, Eaton Squares, Lowndes Squares, Chester Squares, and their humbler imitants, may think differently from what we do.

1851, Charles Knight, Knight's Cyclopædia of London (page 757)


tours

tour的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


terrasses

terrasse的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


sculptural

more sculptural (comparative)
most sculptural (superlative)

His sculptural work never gained the acclaim his paintings did.

他的雕塑作品從未獲得過其畫作那樣的讚譽。


sculpturally

The artist expressed his ideas sculpturally.

這名藝術家通過雕塑來表達他的想法。


sculpt

源自法語 sculpter，源自拉丁語 sculpō (“雕刻，雕塑”)。

They sculpted a statue out of clay.

What do you do?
-I used to box, but now I sculpt.

您是做什麼工作的？
——我以前打拳擊，不過現在（改行）做雕塑了。

Landforms sculpted by the wind.


sculpt

源自法語 sculpter，源自拉丁語 sculpō (“雕刻，雕塑”)。


apple tree

源自中古英語 appeltre、appiltre、appultre，源自古英語 æppeltrēow，等同於apple + tree。與丹麥語 æbletræ、瑞典語 äppelträd、挪威語 epletre、冰島語 eplatré同源。


emp

employee (“僱員，員工”)之縮寫。


multiple-choice question

整體詞：exam、examination、test、testbank


lanthanoid

/ˈlænθənɔɪd/


hung like a donkey

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-hung like a donkey.ogg


Mercurius

一種使用到水銀的順勢療法


mendeleevium

Seven new elements were discovered with the 60-inch cyclotron: 85 (astatine), 93 (neptunium), 94 (plutonium), 96 (curium), 97 (berkelium), 98 (californium), and 101 (mendeleevium).

用60英寸回旋加速器发现了七个新元素：85（砹）、93（镎）、94（钚）、96（锔）、97（锫）、98（锎）和101（钔）。

1963, “New Physical Research Facilities [新的物理研究设施]”, 出自 Major Activities in the Atomic Energy Programs [原子能项目中的主要活动], 1962年1月-12月, 美国原子能委员会、美国政府出版局，第 336 頁:

In 1960 the following transuranide elements were definitely known to exist (atomic numbers are given in parentheses): neptunium (93); plutonium (94); americium (95); curium (96); berkelium (97); californium (98); einsteinium (99); fermium (100); mendeleevium (101).[…]Element 101 — mendeleevium — was prepared in an even smaller quantity: 17 atoms in all.

截止1960年，以下超铀元素肯定是已知存在的（括号内为原子序数）：镎（93）；钚（94）；镅（95）；锔（96）；锫（97）；锎（98）；锿（99）；镄（100）；钔（101）。 […] 101号元素钔的制备量更小。总共17个原子。

1970, O. A. Songina, Rare Metals [稀有金屬]，第 290 頁:

The first dipositive actinide ion to be identified in aqueous solution was that of mendeleevium (262).[…]As mendeleevium is the analog of thulium, it was not surprising that nobelium, the analog of ytterbium, was subsequently found to form a very stable dipositive oxidation state.

第一个在水溶液中被确认的锕系元素正二价阳离子是钔（262）离子。 […] 由于钔是铥的同系物，因此随后发现镱的同系物锘形成非常稳定的正二价氧化态，也就不足为奇。

1977, D. A. Johnson, “Oxidation States of the Lanthanides [镧系元素的氧化态]”, 出自 Advances in Inorganic Chemistry and Radiochemistry [无机化学和放射化学的进展], 第 20 卷, 學術出版社, →ISBN, section “Extension to Other Systems”, subsection “Actinide Series”，第 110 頁:


röntgenium

Gold crystallises in the face-centred cubic (fcc) habit, its lattice constant being fractionally smaller than that of silver (Tables 2.1 and 2.2.); in compounds and complexes, Auᴵ is smaller than Agᴵ。This is in consequence of the relativistic contraction of the 6s level, and it is expected that it will be even greater with the 7s level; indeed the size of the next element of Group 11 (röntgenium) has been calculated to be no larger than that of copper.

金以面心立方(fcc)形态结晶，其晶格常数比银的晶格常数小一些（表2.1和2.2）；在化合物和复合体中，Auᴵ（碘化金）比Agᴵ（碘化银）小。这是6s轨道的相对收缩造成的，预计7s轨道的相对收缩会更大；事实上，第11族的下一个元素（錀）的大小已经被计算出来，不比铜大。

2006, Geoffrey C. Bond, Catherine Louis, David T. Thompson, “Chapter 2. The Physical and Chemical Properties of Gold [第二章 金的理化性质]”, 出自 Graham J. Hutchings 編, Catalysis by Gold [金的催化作用] (Catalytic Science Series — Vol. 6（催化科学系列——第6卷）), 帝國學院出版社, →ISBN, “5. Physical Properties of Gold and Adjacent Elements [§] 1. Bulk properties”（“5. 金和相邻元素的物理特性 [§] 1. 总体性质”），第 30 頁:

Copper (^(63.546)₂₉Cu), OS: +2, +1, 0; IE: 745.3, 1957.3, 3577.6 kJ mol⁻¹。[…]Röntgenium (^([272])₁₁₁Rg) / No data are available.

2006 5月, György Inzelt, “2. Standard, Formal, and Other Characteristic Potentials of Selected Electrode Reactions [2. 部分电极反应的标准电位、形式电位和其他特征电位]”, 出自 Inorganic Chemistry [无机化学] (Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry, vol. 7a（电化学百科全书，第7a卷）), 威立-VCH出版社, →ISBN, “11. Group 11 Elements” （“11. 11族元素”），第 43, 47 頁s:

One example is SHIPTRAP, its name originating from the SHIP velocity filter that was used to discover six new elements: ²⁶⁴₁₀₇Bh (Bohrium, 1981), ²⁶⁹₁₀₈Hs (Hassium, 1984), ²⁶⁸₁₀₉Mt (Meitnerium, 1982), ²⁷¹₁₁₀Ds (Darmstadtium, 1994), ²⁷²₁₁₁Rg (Röntgenium, 1994), and ²⁷⁷₁₁₂Uub (Ununbium, 1996).

其中一个例子是SHIPTRAP，它的名字来源于SHIP速度滤波器，它被用来发现六个新元素：²⁶⁴₁₀₇Bh (𨨏, 1981)、²⁶⁹₁₀₈Hs (𨭆, 1984)、²⁶⁸₁₀₉Mt (䥑, 1982)、²⁷¹₁₁₀Ds (鐽, 1994)、²⁷²₁₁₁Rg (錀, 1994)，以及²⁷⁷₁₁₂Uub (Ununbium^(后来命名为鎶), 1996)。

2008, H.-J. Kluge, T. Beier, K. Blaum, L. Dahl, S. Eliseev, F. Herfurth, B. Hofmann, O. Kester, S. Koszudowski, C. Kozhuharov, G. Maero, W. Nörtershäuser, J. Pfister, W. Quint, U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp, R. Schuch, Th. Stöhlker, R.C. Thompson, M. Vogel, G. Vorobjev, D.F.A. Winters, G. Werth, “Chapter 7. HITRAP: A Facility at GSI for Highly Charged Ions [HITRAP: GSI的高电荷态离子设施]”, 出自 Advances in Quantum Chemistry [量子化学研究进展], 第 53 卷, 學術出版社, →ISBN, “1. The Present GSI Facility”（1. GSI的现有设施），第 84 頁:

Possibility of Rg to form simple monovalent compounds and predominance of relativistic effects on its electron shells made this element an attractive object of theoretical investigations.

錀有可能形成简单的一价化合物，而且相对论效应在其电子壳上占主导地位，这使得该元素成为理论研究的一个有吸引力的对象。

2010, V. Pershina, “Relativistic electronic structure studies on the heaviest elements [最重元素的相对论电子结构研究]”, 出自 Radiochimica Acta [无线电学报], 奥登伯格出版社, “2. Röntgenium”（2. 錀），第 465 頁:

p. 237, “spelling disagreement”: Aside from differences between languages, other spelling discrepancies within a language occur with cesium, which the British tend to spell “caesium,” and sulfur, which many people still spell “sulphur.” You could make a case that element 110 should be spelled mendeleevium, not mendelevium, and that element 111 should be spelled röntgenium, not roentgenium.

第237页，“拼写的不一致”。除了语言之间的差异外，也有语言内部的其他拼写差异：比如铯（cesium），英国人倾向于将其拼成“caesium”；还有硫（sulfur），许多人仍然将其拼成“sulphur”。你可以说110号元素应该拼成mendeleevium，而不是mendelevium；111号元素应该拼成röntgenium，而不是roentgenium。

[2010, Sam Kean, “Notes and Errata [注释和勘误表]”, 出自 The Disappearing Spoon: And Other True Tales of Madness, Love, and the History of the World from the Periodic Table of the Elements [消失的湯匙：一部來自週期表的愛恨情仇傳奇與世界史], 道布尔戴出版社, 出版於 2011, →ISBN，第 366 頁:

The reader who has encountered any of the entries for: curium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, lawrencium, rutherfordium, seaborgium, bohrium, meitnerium and röntgenium, will have realised that it is a mark of the highest distinction in science to have a chemical element named after one.

读者如果遇到过以下任何一个词条：鋦、鑀、鐨、鍆、鍩、鐒、鑪、𨭎、𨨏、䥑和錀，就会意识到，在科学中，以自己的名字命名的化学元素是一种最高荣誉的标志。

[2010, Roger Jones, Mike Ware, “[349] Ghiorsium”, 出自 What’s Who?: A Dictionary of things named after people and the people they are named after [谁是谁？以人名命名的事物及命名源头之人的词典], New版, Matador (Troubador Publishing Ltd), →ISBN，第 146–147 頁s:

I research Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. He discovered X-rays in 1895 and first tested them on his wife’s hand. She exclaimed, “I can see my death.” He received a Nobel Prize in Physics and Röntgenium was named in his honor.

我对威廉·康拉德·伦琴进行了一些研究。他在1895年发现了X射线，并首次在他妻子的手上测试了X射线。她惊呼：“我可以看到我的死亡。”他获得了诺贝尔物理学奖，并以他的名字命名了錀元素。

2013, Jim Hay, “Roentgenium [錀]”, 出自 Radical Elements [激进的元素], 绗缝艺术工作室协会, →ISBN，第 78 頁:

After his discovery the University of Würzburg awarded an honorary Doctor of Medicine degree to Röntgen. The element number 111 was named Röntgenium (Rg) in his honor, in November 2004.

在他发现（X射线）之后，维尔茨堡大学向伦琴颁发了荣誉医学博士学位。2004年11月，为了纪念他，111号元素被命名为錀（Rg）。

[2015, Arati S Panchbhai, “Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the discovery of X-rays: Revisited after centennial [威廉·康拉德·伦琴和X射线的发现：百年之后的重新审视]”, 出自 Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine & Radiology [印度口腔医学与放射学学会杂志], 第 27 卷, 第 1 期, 《医学知识》杂志社, “Honors and Awards”（“荣誉与奖项”），第 94 頁:

In tribute to Röntgen’s contributions to modern physics the element with the atomic number 111 was named röntgenium (Rg).

为了纪念伦琴对现代物理学的贡献，原子序数111的元素被命名为錀（Rg）。

[2016, Ervin B. Podgoršak, “Appendix C: Short Biographies of Scientists Whose Work is Discussed in This Book [附录C：本书所讨论的科学家的简短传记]”, 出自 Radiation Physics for Medical Physicists [医学物理师的辐射物理学] (Graduate Texts in Physics（物理学研究生教材）), third版, 施普林格, →ISBN, “RÖNTGEN, Wilhelm Konrad (1845–1923)（“威廉·康拉德·伦琴 (1845–1923)”），第 867 頁:

TABLE 1.4 People after whom elements have been named. /[…]/ [“Name”] Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) [“Brief biography”] German physicist; discoverer of X-rays; winner of the inaugural Nobel Prize in physics in 1901 [“Element named”] röntgenium, Rg (element 111)

表1.4 以人名命名的元素名称。 / […] / [“姓名”] 威廉·伦琴（1845-1923） [“简介”] 德国物理学家；X射线的发现者；1901年首届诺贝尔物理学奖得主 [“命名元素”] 錀，Rg（元素111）。

2019, “1. The atom [1. 原子]”, 出自 Chemistry for Biomedicine (CHEM10006) [生物医药化学 (CHEM10006)], 墨尔本大学, “4. The periodic table of the elements”（4. 元素周期表）, “Naming the elements”（“元素命名”），第 18 頁:

Roentgenium (Rg, element 111), after the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845–1923). One should note that an etymologically correct eponym would have been röntgenium.

錀（Roentgenium，Rg，元素111），以德国物理学家威廉·康拉德·伦琴（1845-1923）命名。人们应该注意到，从词源学上来说，正确的名称应该是röntgenium。

[2019, Alexander Senning, “6. The naming of the elements [6. 元素命名]”, 出自 The Etymology of Chemical Names: Tradition and Convenience vs. Rationality in Chemical Nomenclature [化学名称的词源：化学命名法中的传统、便利性对阵命名的合理性], 德古意特出版社, →ISBN, “4. The ‘newest’ elements [§] 1. Eponyms” （“4. ‘最新’的元素 [§] 1. 名祖”），第 252 頁:

The individual names of these elements, are: Rutherfordium (Rf, Z = 104), dubnium (Db, Z = 105), seaborgium (Sg, Z = 106), bohrium (Bh, Z = 107), hassium (Hs, Z = 108), meitnerium (Mt, Z = 109), darmstadtium (Ds, Z = 110), röntgenium (Rg, Z = 111), copernicium (Cn, Z = 112), nihonium (Nh, Z = 113), flerovium (Fl, Z = 114), moscovium (Mc, Z = 115), livermorium (Lv, Z = 116), tennessine (Ts, Z = 117), oganesson (Og, Z = 118).

这些元素的名称分别是：鑪（Rf，Z=104）、𨧀（Db，Z=105）、𨭎（Sg，Z=106）、𨨏（Bh，Z=107）、𨭆（Hs，Z=108）、䥑（Mt，Z=109）、鐽（Ds，Z=110）、錀（Rg，Z = 111）、鎶（Cn，Z = 112）、鉨（Nh，Z = 113）、鈇（Fl，Z = 114）、鏌（Mc，Z = 115）、鉝（Lv，Z = 116）、鿬（Ts，Z = 117）、鿫（Og，Z = 118)

[2019, Robert Eichler, “The Periodic Table of Elements: Superheavy in Chemistry [元素周期表：化学领域中的超重元素]”, 出自 Nuclear Physics News [核物理学新闻], 第 29 卷, 第 1 期，第 11 頁:


OS

outsize (“（衣服）大碼的”)之縮寫。

oversize (“特大號的”)之縮寫。

Old Style (“舊式的”)之縮寫：指歷史上使用儒略曆而非格里曆表示的日期


OS

We've got an OS of the Cuckmere area.

我們拿到了一幅測量局的卡克米爾河流域地圖。

operating system (“操作系統，作業系統”)之首字母縮略詞。

I've decided to install two different OSes on my new laptop.

我決定在新筆電上裝兩個不同的系統。

Some vendors do now have a variant of the per-unit royalty (usually termed a “shared risk,” or similar approach), but it is not strictly the same as for those proprietary embedded OSes mentioned before […]

构建嵌入式Linux系统

2008, Karim Yaghmour, Jon Masters, Gilad Ben-Yossef, Building Embedded Linux Systems [构建嵌入式Linux系统]:

A policy-created scheduled task will be accepted by computers running client OSes as old as Windows 2000 […]

微软 Windows 7 管理员参考资料

2010, Jorge Orchilles, Microsoft Windows 7 Administrator's Reference [微软 Windows 7 管理员参考资料]:

In a dual-boot configuration, you install two OSs on the computer (Windows XP and Windows 2000, for example).

在双启动配置中，你会在计算机上安装两个系统（例如，Windows XP和Windows 2000）。

2009, Emmett Dulaney, CompTIA A+ Complete Review Guide:


thornbird

集木雀。南美洲的一种小鸟，学名Anumbius annumbi，會用樹枝和荊棘築成大而複雜的巢。


thirdborn

小說《傲慢與偏見》中班奈特的第三個孩子瑪麗受到的關注最少。

Mary, the thirdborn Bennett child in the novel Pride and Prejudice, receives the least attention.

亞瑟王子是維多利亞女王的第三個兒子，也是她的第七個孩子。

Prince Arthur was Queen Victoria's thirdborn son and her seventh child overall.


thirdborn

After correcting for factors that may affect scores, including parents’ education level, maternal age at birth and family size, the researchers found that eldest children scored an average of 103.2, about 3 percent higher than second children (100.3) and 4 percent higher than thirdborns (99.0).

在對父母的教育水平、母親的出生年齡和家庭規模等可能影響分數的因素進行校正後，研究人員發現，最大的孩子平均得分為103.2，比第二個孩子（100.3）高出約3%，比第三個孩子（99.0）高出 4%。

2007年June22日, Benedict Carey, “Research Finds Firstborns Gain the Higher I.Q.”, 出自 New York Times:


DLC

Democratic Leadership Council (“民主党领导理事会”)之首字母縮略詞。

The DLC also proclaimed its desire to move the Democratic Party closer to Republican positions on questions of social policy and moral traditionalism.

领导理事会还宣布，希望让民主党在社会政策和道德传统主义问题上更接近共和党的立场。

2022, Gary Gerstle, 章號 4, 出自 The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order […] [新自由主义秩序的兴衰 […] ], 纽约: 牛津大学出版社, →ISBN, Part II. The Neoliberal Order, 1970–2020:


auris externa

outer ear之同義詞 (拉丁化表示法)


auris interna

inner ear之同義詞 (拉丁化表示法)


silver foil

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见silver、foil。


silver paper

aluminium foil

鋁箔（常指用於包裹食品者）

鋁箔（常指用於包裹食品者）


antimoon

假想中類似月亮，繞“反地球”旋轉的天體


lanthanium

源自古希臘語 λανθάνω (lanthánō, “隱藏”) + -ium (化學元素後綴)。


delver

源自中古英語 delvere，源自古英語 delfere (“挖掘者”)，等同於delve + -er。


kleren

借自海地克里奧爾語 kleren。

clairin (“一種海地甘蔗蒸餾酒”)的另一種寫法


thyroid gland

源自新拉丁語 glandula thyreoidea，1656年由英國醫生托馬斯·華頓所造。


salivary

/ˈsælɪˌvɛɹi/


salivary

/ˈsælɪˌvɛɹi/

The most striking peculiarity, however, is the presence of a pair of glands (possibly aborted salivaries) apparently issuing from the posterior of the pharynx, and looking like the two ends of a clergyman's bands or cravat.

1914, Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society (page 130)


anarchistic

more anarchistic (comparative)
most anarchistic (superlative)

混亂的；無法無天的；自由奔放的

With the exception of the leader's boppish title tune, the album is filled with anarchistic jazz reduxes of Nichols, Ellington, Kurt Weill, and Cole Porter.

2004, Todd S. Jenkins, Free Jazz and Free Improvisation: An Encyclopedia (page 234)


anarchic

more anarchic (comparative)
most anarchic (superlative)


anarchical

more anarchical (comparative)
most anarchical (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-anarchical.wav


decommunize

非共化，去除共產主義的特徵

The new vision of NATO, as outlined by Baker in his speech at Berlin on December 12, 1989, of reaching out for relationships with the decommunizing states of Eastern Europe, was to be met with resistance by the French president.

贝克于1989年12月12日在柏林的演讲中概述了北约的新愿景，即与东欧的非共化国家建立关系，但却遭到了法国总统的抵制。

2001, Charles Cogan, The Third Option: The Emancipation of European Defense, 1989-2000 [第三种选择：欧洲防务的解放]，第 27 頁:


decommunise

decommunize在非牛津英式英語的标准拼写


communise

communize在非牛津英式英語的标准拼写


communisation

communization在非牛津英式英語的标准拼写


anarcho-syndicalist

An anarcho-syndicalist commune


syndical

more syndical (comparative)
most syndical (superlative)


on the sly

This diversion was enjoyed on the sly, and unknown to the ladies of the house.

1857, William Makepeace Thackeray, The Virginians, ch. 16:


River Plate

翻譯自西班牙語 Río de la Plata，使用棄用詞彙 plate (“銀”)。

拉普拉塔河（河名，位於南美洲）


alacrity

1500年至1510年间源自拉丁語 alacritās，源自alacer (“敏捷的”) + -itas (名词化后缀)。

Besides, a wealthy man, well at ease, may pray to God quietly and merrily with alacrity and great quietness of mind, whereas he who lieth groaning in his grief cannot endure to pray nor can he hardly think upon anything but his pain.

1553 (posth.), Thomas More, A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation, Book I, Chapter 19:

"I'll get into the clothes this minute, if they're here," said Sam, with great alacrity.

1837, Charles Dickens, 章號 12, 出自 The Pickwick Papers:

You have an overgrown alacrity

1920, Edward Arlington Robinson, The Three Taverns, "Tasker Norcross":

This evening, however, he was struck by the beaming alacrity of the aide-de-camp's greeting.

1922, Edith Wharton, 章號 24, 出自 The Glimpses of the Moon:

Yet this government never of itself furthered any enterprise, but by the alacrity with which it got out of its way.

1849, Henry David Thoreau, "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience":

Not just that, but if the inlet of a turbopump impeller runs dry, it would overspeed with blinding alacrity.


contrabasso

contrabassos (plural)
contrabassi (plural)


bassist

低音樂器演奏者，如貝斯手


gold medallist

One had never stepped in a rowing boat until 2008, the other will return to serve in the Royal Artillery in September. But Glover and Stanning will now go down in the record books as the first homegrown gold medallists of the London 2012 Olympics.
一位在2008年之前从未踏上过赛艇，另一位将在9月返回皇家炮兵部队服役。但是，格洛弗和斯坦宁现在将作为2012年伦敦奥运会的第一批本土金牌获得者被载入记录。

2012, August 1. Owen Gibson in Guardian Unlimited, London 2012: rowers Glover and Stanning win Team GB's first gold medal


gold medal

Great Britain has collected its first gold medal of the London Games after Heather Stanning and Helen Glover won the coxless pairs with a stunning performance that will spark a mass outpouring of celebration and relief across the country.

希瑟·斯坦宁和海伦·格洛弗以惊人的表现赢得无舵手双人赛，为英国获得伦敦奥运会的第一枚金牌，这将在全国范围内引发大规模的庆祝和宽慰。

2012年August1日, Owen Gibson, “London 2012: rowers Glover and Stanning win Team GB's first gold medal [倫敦2012：赛艇运动员格洛弗和斯坦宁为英国队赢得第一枚金牌]”, 出自 The Guardian Unlimited:


palatine uvula

palatine uvulas (plural)
palatine uvulae (plural)


tumbaga

借自西班牙語 tumbaga，源自馬來語 tembaga，源自梵語 ताम्रक (tāmraka)。tombak 的同源對似詞。

古代中美洲原住民用來製作宗教物品的一種金銅合金


googology

According to googology, Prince Charles is the anti-christ. Look it up.

谷歌搜索結果說查爾斯王儲是反基督。你查下看看。

2001年August23日, Edvins Augusts, “Pete Phoenix, are you English?”, 出自 alt.astrology (Usenet):

Scroll down to 'googology 101' and 'googology 201', searching and advanced searching.

2003年May21日, Chakolate, “Dr. Phil and Menopause”, 出自 alt.support.menopause (Usenet):

and now for some comparative googology […]

2006年May29日, kurt wismer, “Re: Rootkit?”, 出自 alt.comp.virus (Usenet):


googology

大數研究，大数学（专门研究超大数的数学分支）


abductee

被綁架者 （尤指被外星人綁架） （20世紀晚期）


toilsome

more toilsome (comparative)
most toilsome (superlative)

‘And you, Sir knight,’ / (Said she) ‘that taken have this toylesome paine / For wretched woman […]!’

1596, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book V, Canto X”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

The whole of the interior of South Africa is, of course, one vast plateau at a considerable elevation, and all the main lines coming up from the coast have some toilsome climbing.

1940 July, “Notes and News: Timetables in South Africa”, 出自 Railway Magazine，第 422 頁:


toylesome

more toylesome (comparative)
most toylesome (superlative)


toilsomely

more toilsomely (comparative)
most toilsomely (superlative)


sterilizer

The hospital was in trouble when the sterilizer broke; they almost had to shut down the operating room.

滅菌器壞了，醫院遇上了麻煩；他們幾乎不得不關閉手術室。


pnictogen

源自古希臘語 πνίγειν (pnígein, “使窒息”)（指氮的特性）+ -ct- + -o- + -gen，-ct- 可能是類比 pnictide 而來。第一部分最終源自前希臘時期的底層語言。


szlachta

什拉赫塔，歷史上波蘭及立陶宛的貴族階級


oxidising

more oxidising (comparative)
most oxidising (superlative)


oxidised

oxidise 的過去式和過去分詞


oxidised

more oxidised (comparative)
most oxidised (superlative)


oxidized

oxidize 的過去式和過去分詞


oxidized

more oxidized (comparative)
most oxidized (superlative)


aluminize

aluminise在美國、加拿大、 和 牛津英式英語拼寫的标准拼写


aluminise

They would aluminise the glass in order to provide electrical conductivity.

他们会将玻璃镀铝以提供导电性。


aluminised

aluminise 的過去式和過去分詞


aluminized

aluminize 的過去式和過去分詞


aluminized

aluminised在美國、加拿大、 和 牛津英式英語拼寫的标准拼写


blued

blue 的過去式和過去分詞


galvanise

"We have completely rejuvenated the project. Everyone is galvanised. We will get it open - and open means open. [...]."

2020年December2日, Andy Byford talks to Paul Clifton, “I enjoy really big challenges...”, 出自 Rail，第 53 頁:


bronzed

bronze 的過去式和過去分詞


bronzed

more bronzed (comparative)
most bronzed (superlative)


blackened

源自中古英語 blakend、blakind、blakkenid、blakenid，等同於blacken + -ed。

more blackened (comparative)
most blackened (superlative)

發黑的
charred (“燒焦的”)之同義詞

[...] after journeying across pleasant agricultural countryside to Leicester and thence though the blackened and busy industrial area that stretches almost unbrokenly for over 100 miles from Trent through Rotherham and Leeds to Keighley, [...].

[…]穿过宜人的农村，来到莱斯特，然后穿过发黑的繁忙工业区，从特伦特经罗瑟勒姆和利兹到基斯利，绵延100多英里，几乎没有间断。[…]

1939 July, John D. Hewitt, “Some Notable British Main Lines: 1. Settle and Carlisle, L.M.S.R.”, 出自 Railway Magazine，第 34 頁:

發黑的
blued (“發藍的”)之同義詞


blackened

blacken 的過去式和過去分詞


whitened

whiten 的過去式和過去分詞


blacked

black 的過去式和過去分詞


arsenian

more arsenian (comparative)
most arsenian (superlative)


wc

word choice (“遣詞造句，用詞”)之首字母縮略詞。


water closet

同類詞：earth closet

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见water、closet。


shedding

the sheddings of blood under the Old Testament

sheddings from the pining


pining

the sullen pinings of discontent

1791, Ann Radcliffe, The Romance of the Forest


lederhosen

借自德語 Lederhose (字面意思是“皮褲”)。詞尾的 -n 可能來自德語詞彙的複數；也可能受巴伐利亞語 Ledahosn (單數及複數)的影響。

(尤指巴伐利亞風格的) 背帶皮短褲


begrave

源自中古英語 begraven，源自古英語 begrafan (“掩埋”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *bigrabaną (“翻，掩埋”)，等同於be- + grave。與薩特弗里斯蘭語 begreeuwe (“掩埋”)、西弗里斯蘭語 begrave (“掩埋”)、荷蘭語 begraven (“掩埋”)、德語 begraben (“掩埋”)、丹麥語 begrave (“掩埋”)、瑞典語 begrava (“掩埋”)、哥特語 𐌱𐌹𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (bigraban, “翻”)同源。

begraves
begraving
begraved
begrove
begraved
begraven


kak

借自高棉語 កាក់ (kak)。jiao 的同源對似詞。

角（柬埔寨輔幣單位，相當於十分之一瑞爾）


kak

借自南非語 kak (“屎”)，源自荷蘭語 kak (“屎”)。

‘You a cop? You with the guy inside?’ the shoppie says, bending his knees to talk to me confidentially. ‘Cos it was legitimate, okay? Bitch started pulling down the merchandise, falling around. Dronkie. She's been in here before, causing kak. Stealing shit. And how long is your friend gonna be in there anyway?’

2008, Lauren Beukes, Moxyland, Jacana Media, →ISBN，第 102–103 頁s:


jiao

借自官話 角。kak 的同源對似詞。

角，人民幣對應的輔幣單位，相當於十分之一元


pen drive

原是群聯電子股份有限公司的商標。


flash drive

因其使用快閃記憶體/閃存而得名。


Puppis

由法國天文學家尼古拉·路易·拉卡伊於1763年命名。源自拉丁語 puppis (“船尾”)。poop 的同源對似詞。


Vela

由法國天文學家尼古拉·路易·拉卡伊於1763年命名。源自拉丁語 vēla (“船帆”)，vēlum 的複數。veil 的同源對似詞。


Argo Navis

源自拉丁語 Argo nāvis，指傳說中的阿爾戈號。


Pyxis

由法國天文學家尼古拉·路易·拉卡伊於1763年命名，最初叫做 Pyxis Nautica（“航海羅盤”）。源自拉丁語 pyxis (“小盒子”)。


Carina

由法國天文學家尼古拉·路易·拉卡伊於1763年命名。源自拉丁語 carīna (“船底”)


Carina

來自4世紀一位殉道者的名字，為拉丁語 carinus 的陰性，派生自cārus (“親愛的”)；亦是北歐人名 Karina 和 Karin (= Catherine) 的拉丁化。


Karin

源自瑞典語 Karin 或丹麥語 Karin，Katarina 的中世紀形式，最终源自古希臘語 Αἰκατερῑ́νη (Aikaterī́nē)。參見 Karen。

源自丹麥語 [in turn 源自古希臘語Αἰκατερῑ́νη (Aikaterī́nē)] 的女性人名，Karen的變體。


Katrine

源自古希臘語的女性人名（經由丹麥語）


Karyn

Karen 的拼寫變體，起於20世紀。

源自古希臘語的女性人名。


Karyne

Karen 的拼寫變體，起於20世紀。

源自古希臘語的女性人名。


Karina

源自古希臘語的女性人名，斯堪的納維亞語言人名 Karin (Catherine) 的變體，或源自 Carina。


carus

源自古希臘語 κάρος (káros, “沉睡”)。


drek

dreck的另一種拼寫法


dreck

源自意第緒語 דרעק (drek, “屎”)，源自中古高地德語 drek，源自古高地德語 *threc（mūsthrec），源自原始西日耳曼語 *þraki，源自 原始日耳曼語 *þrakjaz，源自原始印歐語 *(s)terǵ-、*(s)terḱ-、*(s)treḱ- (“糞便；弄髒，玷污，腐爛”)。对比辛布里語 drèkh (“糞便，糞肥”)、荷蘭語 drek (“糞便；污穢；泥”)、德語 Dreck (“污穢”)、拉丁語 stercus (“糞便”)。

crap

垃圾，低劣而沒有價值的東西

junk

垃圾，低劣而沒有價值的東西

trash

垃圾，低劣而沒有價值的東西

垃圾，低劣而沒有價值的東西

Unfortunately, the conversation soon turned into a late-night freshman-year dorm-room debate, as he stumbled into a controversy of his own making by using Holocaust deniers and their appalling falsehoods as an example of how much dreck should be allowed on the platform.

不幸的是，谈话很快就变成了深夜的新生宿舍辩论，因为他以否认大屠杀的人和他们骇人听闻的假话为例，说明平台上应该允许多少垃圾内容，从而跌入到了他自己制造出的争议。

2018年August2日, Kara Swisher, “The Expensive Education of Mark Zuckerberg and Silicon Valley [馬克·扎克伯格和硅谷的昂貴教育]”, 出自 New York Times:


eyeblink

源自eye + blink。與南非語 oomblik、荷蘭語 ogenblik、德語 Augenblick、德國低地德語 Ogenblick同源。


blink of an eye

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-blink of an eye.ogg


heer

丈量紗線長度的單位，相當於600碼


Creator

Who changed the trueth of God into a lye, and worshipped and serued the creature more then the Creatour, who is blessed for euer. Amen.

他們將神的真實變為虛謊，去敬拜事奉受造之物，不敬奉那造物的主。主乃是可稱頌的，直到永遠。阿們。

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 1:25:


Madame

madame的大小寫替代形式

對說法語女性及（習慣上）部分特定女性個人的稱呼，等同於 Mrs. 或 Ms.。

The Queen welcomed President and Madame De Gaulle.

女王對戴高樂總統伉儷表示歡迎。

Soong Mei-ling is often known as Madame Chiang Kai-Shek.

宋美齡通常被稱為蔣介石夫人。


Diu

第烏（城市名，位於印度達德拉-納加爾哈維利和達曼-第烏）


Bathala

Maykapal

他加祿原住民宗教中至高無上的存在

他加祿原住民宗教中至高無上的存在


Di

女性人名 Diana 的指小詞。


Di

借自漢語 狄 (Dí)。


Mo.

Missouri (“密蘇里（州）”)之縮寫。

He suggested that members of the various Associations should be represented at the meeting in Jefferson City, Wednesday afternoon, February 19, in the Capital Building, Jefferson City, Mo., to oppose this bill.
他建议各协会成员应派代表参加2月19日（星期三）下午在密苏里州杰斐逊市首都大厦举行的会议，反对这一法案。


So

使用於泰國和老撾的一種孟高棉語族語言


So

源自粵語 蘇／苏 (sou1)。


Fr.

France (“法國”)之縮寫。

Friday (“星期五”)之縮寫。


Fr.

Father之縮寫，對牧師的稱呼


Son of God

源自中古英語 sone of God（亦作 Goddes Sone、Godes Sune 等），重分析自古英語 Godes Sunu (字面意思是“神之子”)，等同於Son + of + God。

神之子，上帝之子（指耶穌）


seigneur

借自中古法語 seigneur，源自古法語 seignor。senior、seignior、sire、 和 sir 的同源對似詞。

There was less and less love lost between peasants and seigneurs. The services which the latter had provided for the peasant community in the past had diminished in value.

2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin 2003, p. 156:

Beaumont lives on Sark, a small, autonomous island twenty-five miles off the coast of Normandy, with her husband, Michael, the island's seigneur.

2012, Lauren Collins, The New Yorker, 29 Oct 2012:


seignior

源自中古英語 senyour，源自古法語 seignor、seignior，源自拉丁語 senior, seniōrem。senior、sire、sir、 和 seigneur 的同源對似詞。

尊稱頭銜，在過去（尤指法國人）類似於“Sir”。


seigneuresse

seigneur 的陰性形（可指其妻子，或擁有同等頭銜、稱呼的女性）


seigneurie

Conventionally, seigneuries were divided between, first, the domain land […] ; and, second, the tenures (or censives) which were divided among the peasantry and others.

2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin 2003, page 153:


Ind.

Indiana (“印第安納州”)之縮寫。

India (“印度”)之縮寫。


einstein

以阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦命名，因其解釋了光電效應。

一摩爾光子，用於測量輻照度


ferm

He let his land to ferm.

Out of her fleshly ferme fled to the place of paine..

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book III, Canto V”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


dengue fever

經由西班牙語，音變自斯瓦希里語 ki denga pepo，意為“由邪灵引起的痉挛样癫痫发作”。

/ˈdɛŋɡeɪ ˈfiːvə/

/ˈdɛŋɡiː ˈfiːvɚ/

/ˈdɛŋɡeɪ ˈfiːvɚ/


breakbone fever

一般認為是本傑明·拉什所造，指本疾病的肌肉、關節痛症狀。


intime

源自拉丁語 intimus (“最深處的”)，可能經由法語 intime。对比intimate (形容詞)。

more intime (comparative)
most intime (superlative)

As to the composition or dissolution of mixed bodies, which is the chief work of elements, and requires an intime application of the agents, water hath the principality and excess over earth.

a. 1665, Sir Kenelm Digby, Of bodies and of mans soul to discover the immortality


doos

dos的另一種拼寫法；do 的複數


doos

借自南非語 doos，源自荷蘭語 doos。dose 的同源對似詞。


louage

突尼斯/突尼西亞的一種計程車


Dai

源自威爾士語的男性人名，David 的威爾士語化小稱。


Dai

源自官話 傣 (Dǎi)的漢語拼音，借自一壯傣語支語言。Tai和Thai 的同源對似詞。对比泰語 ไท (tai)。


Dai

源自官話 代 (Dài)的漢語拼音。

代國，可以指： 春秋時期古國名

代國，可以指： 十六國時期古國名，為北魏的前身

代州，中國古代的州名，在今山西

代縣，中國山西省忻州市下轄縣名

A northern section of the Great Wall of China collapsed after a period of heavy rain last month, with many blaming poor-quality renovations for the deterioration of the iconic landmark.
The damaged section of the historical wall is located near Yanmen Pass, in Dai County, in the Shanxi province.

在上个月的一场大雨后，中国长城北边的一段倒塌，许多人将这一标志性地标的恶化归咎于劣质的修复工程。
受损的历史城墙部分位于山西省代县的雁门关附近。

2018年August2日, Christina Zhao, “Great Wall of China Collapse: Poor Renovation Works And Heavy Rainfall Blamed [中国长城倒塌：罪在修复工程不力和暴雨]”, 出自 Newsweek，於2018-08-02歸檔自原頁面:


Dai

源自官話 戴 (Dài)的漢語拼音。


sluit

sloot的另一種拼寫法


sloot

Gorton, Ixopo, continues to suffer from prolonged drought. The Ixopo has not been so low for the last fifty years. Some sluits around here have ceased running.

伊索波的戈尔登继续遭受长期干旱的影响。伊索波的水位是近五十年以来最低，附近的一些灌溉渠已经停止运行。

1901年April26日, “The March Rains [三月的降雨]”, 出自 The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record, 第 4 卷, 第 4 期，第 101 頁:


kys

KYS的大小寫替代形式。


pommade

pomade的棄用形式。


diable

源自法語 (à la) diable，源自diable (“惡魔”)，源自古法語。devil、diablo、 和 diabolus 的同源對似詞。


diable

sauce diable


lichi

lychee的另一種拼寫法


smark

知道職業摔角有劇本，但依然樂在其中的粉絲


go bust

goes bust
going bust
went bust
gone bust

Several thousand companies go bust in the UK each year.

英國每年有數千家公司破產。


diabolus

源自拉丁語 diabolus。devil、diable、 和 diablo 的同源對似詞。


eer

ever 未加標點的縮約形。


in flagrante delicto

借自中世紀拉丁語 in flagrante delicto (字面意思是“当犯罪正在燃烧时”)，源自in + flāgrō (“燃烧”) + dēlictō，dēlictum (“犯罪，不当行为”)的变格形式。

当场，以现行犯 （在某人犯罪时当场）

He would be caught in flagrante delicto, and, with a heavy sentence hovering over him, he would probably be induced to name his accomplice.

1908, Baroness Orczy, 章號 V, 出自 The Old Man in the Corner:

当场 （在某人正在性交时当场）

We've already established that you were one of Miss Scarlet's clients. That's why you were so desperate to get your hands on those negatives. Photographs of you and Yvette in flagrante delicto, remember?

1985, Jonathan Lynn, Clue, 角色 Colonel Mustard（Martin Mull）:

I would add to that the fact that, if we are happy to be caught in flagrante delicto in a picturesque setting, there would be something almost humiliating about being caught somewhere as ugly as that.

2002, Adriana Hunter, The Sexual Life of Catherine M., 根據Catherine MilletLa Vie Sexuelle de Catherine M.改編的翻譯作品，第 146 頁:

When his housemates, two men and a woman, found them in flagrante delicto, one reported, “She said she didn’t want us to think of her as ‘that girl.’ ”

2015年February8日, Naomi Schaefer Riley, “Columbia mattress rape case is not justice — it’s shaming without proof”, 出自 New York Post:


bronzen

more bronzen (comparative)
most bronzen (superlative)


atom bomb

Everywhere the atom bombs are dropping / It's the end of all humanity / No more time for last-minute shopping / It's time to face your final destiny

到处都是原子弹在投掷 / 所有人类的末日到了 / 再也没有时间抓紧进行购物了 / 是时候面对你最后的命运了。

1986, "Weird Al" Yankovic （作曲作詞）, “Christmas at Ground Zero”, 出自 Polka Party!:


teambuilding

The Accounts department climbed a mountain together as a teambuilding exercise.

会计部门一起爬山作为团队建设活动。


stumbling block

可能起於聖經欽定本羅馬書 14:13 或哥林多前書 8:9，仿譯自通用希臘語 πρόσκομμα (próskomma)。

Idioms are a common stumbling block for learners of a language.

俗語是語言學習者路上常見的絆腳石。


atomically

an atomically powered locomotive


atomist

What distinguished the atomists from their opponents was not the belief in tiny particles that make up matter, but the question of what separated them.

2002, Phillip Ball, The Elements: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford 2004, p. 9:


seppuku

借自日語 切腹 (seppuku)，源自中古漢語 切 (t͡set) + 腹 (pjuwk)。对比粵語 切腹 (tsit-fuk)、官話 切腹 (qiēfù)。


broekies

借自南非語 broekie，broek (“褲子”)的指小詞。


helder

源自古諾爾斯語 heldr。與丹麥語 heller同源。


bril

布里爾，心理物理學上的明度單位，相當於 tfrac 1 10⁷π坎德拉每平方米

In the experiments, the brightness in brils was measured as a function of luminance for various adaptation levels of the eye.

1993, Course notes - Volume 22, Association for Computing Machinery's Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics, →OCLC，第 7-7 頁s:

Here, Q is brightness (or perceived luminance), measured in brils.

2005, Erik Reinhard, Greg Ward, Sumanta Pattanaik, High Dynamic Range Imaging, →ISBN:

Tumblin's model aims to match a perceived quality known as brightness, measured in brils, so that the real world brightness and display brightness can be equated.

2012, Julie Dorsey, Philipp Slusallek, Rendering Techniques ’97, →ISBN:

many of the old units-such as the nox, phot, glim, skot, and scot (identical), as well as the bril and brill (different)—are so antiquated as to be of interest only to the historian.

2014, William Ross McCluney, Introduction to Radiometry and Photometry, Second Edition，第 360 頁:


evasion

源自中古法語 évasion，源自晚期拉丁語 evasionem（evasio 的賓格）。

In these hunting scenes, as many critics have noted, the reversals, negotiations, lurkings, and evasions between hunter and prey mirror and frame the bedroom strategies of the Lady and Gawain.

2011, Christine Chism, Alliterative Revivals，第 99 頁:

He complained to LNER but was told: "We have had an increase in fare evasion on certain services which has led to our locking toilet facilities where (people) usually hide to avoid payment. Although Aberdeen is a gated station, customers often purchase the cheapest ticket available and board our services."

2020年January2日, Barry Doe, “ScotRail suspending seat reservations is hardly a "recipe for disaster"”, 出自 Rail，第 62 頁:


evader

在敵軍領土上被擊落，又回到己方區域的盟軍飛行員


BTW

by the way (“順便問一句，順便說一下”)之首字母縮略詞。

Last I heard, the books could not be copied in any part nor seen by non-licensees. BTW – Irma Biren has been promoted (she deserved it) and the new contact would be Francine Glick.

我之前听说，这些书任何部分都不能被复制，也不能被没有许可的人看到。顺便说一句：伊尔玛·比瑞恩已经被提拔了（那是她应得的），新的联系人将是弗朗辛·格里克。

1981年June14日, harpo!ber, “Lion's Book”, 出自 fa.unix-wizards (Usenet), retrieved 2016-07-02, message-ID <anews.Aharpo.261>:

BTW – By The Way

BTW——順便問一句，順便說一下

1989年May8日, Vince Perriello (Editor in Chief), “Volume 6, Number 19”, 出自 FidoNews，於2005-01-18歸檔自原頁面:


zak

源自南非語 zak (“袋子”)。sac和sack 的同源對似詞。


sitting room

“[…] Captain Markam had been found lying half-insensible, gagged and bound, on the floor of the sitting-room, his hands and feet tightly pinioned, and a woollen comforter wound closely round his mouth and neck ; whilst Mrs. Markham's jewel-case, containing valuable jewellery and the secret plans of Port Arthur, had disappeared. […]”

“[…] 人们发现马卡姆船长不省人事地躺在客厅的地板上，他的手和脚被紧紧夹住，嘴和脖子上紧紧缠绕着一条毛毯；而马卡姆夫人的珠宝盒，里面装着珍贵的珠宝和亚瑟港的秘密计划，也不见了。[…]”

1905, Baroness Emmuska Orczy, 章號 1, 出自 The Fate of the Artemis:


deel

借自蒙古語 дээл (deel)/ᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ (debel)。

As I stood just below that statue, close to seven hundred Mongolians organized themselves for a picture. Most were dressed in traditional formal wear--beautifully colored deal.

当我站在那座雕像下面时，近七百名蒙古人组织起来拍照。大多数人都穿着传统的正装——颜色漂亮的德勒。

2019, Lawrence Lessig, They Don't Represent Us: Reclaiming Our Democracy [他们并不代表我们：重建我们的民主]:


his ass

人称代词；第三人称，（至少包括）主语/宾语/反身，单数

His ass is always late.

Tell him to get his ass over here, or I'll dock his ass an hour's pay.

告诉他快点过来，不然就扣他妈的一小时工钱。


like hell

You'd better run like hell!

He had an innate honesty and humility, a work ethic that elevated him above most others in England. He knew what he wanted and worked like hell to try to make it happen.

2018年May4日, Tom English, “Steven Gerrard: A 'seriously clever or recklessly stupid' Rangers appointment”, 出自 BBC Sport:

Me do the washing up? Like hell I will!

You look like hell!

It stank like hell down there!


jodo

借自日語 杖道 (jōdō)。

Every Saturday after the karate class there was a jodo class (not judo, but jodo—the way of the short staff).
每週六空手道課上完之後，是杖道課（不是柔道 judo 是杖道 jodo——用短杖進行的武藝）。

2007, Paul Walker, Lessons with the Master (page 15)


jodo

借自日語 浄土 (jōdo)。


vermiform appendix

vermiform appendices (plural)
vermiform appendixes (plural)


kung-fu

kung fu的另一種拼寫法


Mc

Mac的另一種寫法 （用於愛爾蘭語姓氏，表示“……之子”）


hard hat

My enthusiasm wasn't exactly suppressed - my father had worked for British Rail's property department, and one of my earliest memories was walking around the forlorn buildings at Old Oak Common depot wearing his oversized BR hard hat.

我的热情并没有被完全压制——我的父亲曾在英国铁路公司的物业部门工作过，我最早的记忆之一就是戴着他那顶印着“BR”的超大安全帽，在老橡公地车厂的荒凉建筑物里走来走去。

2020年May6日, Tim Dunn, “The Architecture The Railways Built”, 出自 Rail，第 72 頁:


suckling

源自中古英語 sukling、sukeling、sokeling，等同於suck + -ling。與中古荷蘭語 sogelinc (“嬰兒”)、荷蘭語 zuigeling (“嬰兒”)、德語 Säugling (“嬰兒”)同源。


shiva

希伯來語 שִׁבְעָה (shiv'á, “七”)。

坐七，為身邊最親近的親人進行七天的守喪


shibah

shiva的另一種拼寫法


shivah

shiva的另一種拼寫法


rux

可能是 ruckus 的缩略。


surma

soorma的另一種寫法


Thames

源自中古英語 Temese，源自古英語 Temes、Temese（對比威爾士語 Tafwys），源自拉丁語 Tamesis、Tamesas。帶 h 的異體拼寫起於中古英語，是受詞源來自希臘語的錯誤認識所影響。
拉丁語名稱來自原始凱爾特語 *tamesās (“河，水流”, 字面意思是“黑暗”)，*tames 的陽性 ā-詞幹形式，源自原始印歐語 *tm̥Hes-，*témHes-、*témHos- (“黑暗”) 的零階形式，來自詞根 *temH- (“黑暗的”) 的 s-詞幹形式。與原始凱爾特語 *temeslos (“黑暗”)、*temos (“黑暗的”)有關。原始凱爾特語中“黑暗（的）”比喻作“水”的現象也見於原始凱爾特語 *dubros (“水；黑暗的”)，源自原始印歐語 *dʰubrós (“黑暗的”)，其也是威爾士語 dŵr (“水”)、愛爾蘭語 dobhar (“水，海；黑暗的，陰暗的”)的源頭。類似的水體名稱也見於歐洲其他地方，如葡萄牙的杜羅河（Douro）。
亦有可能源自原始凱爾特語 *tā-、*tāyo- (“融化；流動”)，源自原始印歐語 *teh₂- (“融化”)，或源自一未知的印歐語詞根。
可能的同源河名包括：
* 英国的 Taff、Tamar （源自拉丁語 Tamarus）、Tame、Tavy、Team、Teifi（源自威爾士語 Teifi，源自古威爾士語 Tebi、Teibi）、Teme、Teviot（拉丁語 Tefius、Teifius）
* 西班牙加利西亞和葡萄牙北部的坦布雷河（Tambre，源自拉丁語 Tamaris）、塔梅加河（加利西亞語 Támega、葡萄牙語 Tâmega、拉丁語 Tamice）、Támoga / Támboga（拉丁語 Tamega）、Tamuxe
* 法國的 Tamaran
* 意大利的塔馬羅河（Tammaro，源自拉丁語 Tamarus）
* 比利時的 Demer
* 腓尼基的 Tamyras

泰晤士河（河名，位於英格蘭南部）

泰晤士河口附近的海岸區域

鎮名，位於新西蘭北島，位於科羅曼德半島上


trousse

a surgeon's trousse


torse

經由法語 torse (“花環”, 棄用)，源自拉丁語 torquēre (“扭，擰”)。

紋章上端飾章下方的絲絨飾環，一般有6道擰，顏色為金屬色和原色交替。


Sinhalese

more Sinhalese (comparative)
most Sinhalese (superlative)


tresses

一整頭頭髮（尤指長頭髮）


tresses

tress的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


trompe

tromp (“鍛造中的吹製工具”)的另一種寫法


auditive

Auditive dyslexia is characterized by great difficulties with the sounds of spoken language.

2000, Torleiv Høien, Per Sundberg, Dyslexia: 源自Theory to Intervention (page 13)


Fallopian tube

起於18世紀；源自Fallopius (意大利醫生及解剖學家加布里瓦·法羅皮奧之姓氏的拉丁化，他是最早描述該結構的人) + -an + tube（音譯自意大利語 tuba）。


salpinx

借自新拉丁語 salpinx。


Red Crescent

紅新月，紅十字會在部分穆斯林國家的分支

同類詞：Red Cross


digne

源自中古英語 digne，源自古法語 digne，源自拉丁語 dignus。

more digne (comparative)
most digne (superlative)

值得的，應得的；榮耀的；合宜的

Deeds they shall do so digne memorious glory, / song shall not suit nor Hist'ory hold the story.

1880, Richard Francis Burton, Os Lusíadas, 第 II 卷，第 387 頁:


urinant

源自拉丁語 ūrīnāns，ūrīnor (“潛水”) 的現在主動不定式。

hauriant, haurient

指魚圖案頭朝下尾朝上，好像要潛水一般的

指魚圖案頭朝下尾朝上，好像要潛水一般的


vengeant

more vengeant (comparative)
most vengeant (superlative)


écrasement

用鋼絲或鏈環逐漸收緊，慢慢切開其附著物，以切除腫瘤的一部分的手術

Her physicians consented to its écrasement, which occupied ten or twelve minutes.

1871, James Marion Sims, Clinical Notes on Uterine Surgery, § II., page #92:


PNG

Portable Network Graphics (“可攜式網路圖形”)之首字母縮略詞。


PNG

Papua New Guinea (“巴布亞新幾內亞/巴布亞紐幾內亞”)之首字母縮略詞。


png

PNG的大小寫替代形式；可攜式網路圖形


rakia

rakija的另一種拼寫法


rakija

借自塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 rakija / ракија，源自鄂圖曼土耳其語 راقی (rakı)，一般認為源自阿拉伯語 عَرَق (ʕaraq, “汗；酒”)（因為酒蒸餾過程中的液滴很像汗水）。raki 的同源對似詞。

拉基亞（巴爾幹半島特產的蒸餾酒）


blvd

boulevard (“大道，大街”)之縮寫。


dynamic random access memory

DRAM is typically slower but much less expensive than SRAM, and is therefore often used as the main memory in a computer system.

動態隨機存取記憶體一般比靜態隨機存取記憶體要慢，但是便宜得多，因此常用作電腦系統中的主記憶體。


cow's milk

[ˈkʰaʊ̯zˌmɪɫkʰ]

[ˈkʰaʊ̯zˌmɛɫkʰ]


cow milk

cowmilk的另一種拼寫法


cornered

corner 的過去式和過去分詞


object-oriented

more object-oriented (comparative)
most object-oriented (superlative)

/ˈɒbdʒɛkt ɔɹɪəntɪd/

/ˈɒbdʒɪkt ɒɹɪəntɪd/


object-oriented programming

面向對象程序設計/物件導向程式設計


state of play

现状，目前局势 （多用于运动语境）


web-page

web page的另一種拼寫法


explementary

Two angles whose sum is a circle (360°) are explementary angles, and either is the explement of the other.

兩個角度總和為周角（360°）的角是一對共軛角，互為對方的輔角。

2002, Nathaniel Bowditch, American Practical Navigator，第 317 頁:


acquiring

/əˈkwaɪ(ə)ɹɪŋ/


recense

Pope Sixtus and Clemens at a vast expense had an assembly of learned divines, to recense and adjust the Latin Vulgate

教皇西斯笃和克莱孟花费巨资召集神学大家开会，对拉丁文武加大译本进行修改和调整。

1716, Richard Bentley, 章號 189, 出自 The Correspondence of Richard Bentley, D.D.，第 506 頁:


ponent

借自意大利語 ponente (“西方”)，最终源自拉丁語 ponent-、ponens，ponere (“放，置”) 的現在分詞。


ponent

Forth rush the Levant and the Ponent winds, Eurus and Zephyr

1667, John Milton, “Book 10”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

There was an ambiguity surpassing conjecture in her eyes, and the wind rose up around us in that half barbaric Russian garden with its alien Diana blackened by snows and fierce ponent winds


venges

venge的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


vexes

vex的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


recenses

recense的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


inhumes

inhume的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


Sue

女性人名 Susan 的指小詞，同時也是其他相關女性名字的暱稱；常用作中間名


sues

sue的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


suant

源自中古英語 suant，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 suant，源自古法語 suiant、sivant，sivre (“跟隨”) 的現在分詞，源自拉丁語 sequor。

more suant (comparative)
most suant (superlative)


suant

Peter and his wife did not get on very "suant" together.

彼得和他老婆的生活過得不是很“順利”。

1899, Sabine Baring-Gould, Book of the West，第 252 頁:


suitor

源自中古英語 sutour，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 suytour、seuter，源自晚期拉丁語 secutor (“跟隨者，追求者”)。

(Notice that "Lysias" begins from the realistic assumption that an attractive young man with many suitors will "gratify" one of them, the only question being which. Rightly or wrongly, he treats the question, "Shall I at all?" as already resolved.)

1999, Martha Craven Nussbaum, Sex and Social Justice (ISBN 9780195110326), page 316:

[…] and Mortimer asserted he had no shortage of suitors ready, willing, and able to make acquisition loans […]

2016, Gary D. McGugan, Three Weeks Less a Day (page 43)


oranges

/ˈɔɹ(ɪ)nd͡ʒɪz/

/ˈɔɹənt͡ʃɪz/


oranges

/ˈɔɹ(ɪ)nd͡ʒɪz/

/ˈɔɹənt͡ʃɪz/

orange的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


kick in

Upon hearing residents in the burning house, the passerby kicked in the front door and yelled to those inside.

听到起火的房子里有居民，路人踢开了前门，朝里面的人大喊。

People expect women [when they give birth] to have this instinct that kicks in.

2013, Richard Linklater, Julie Delpy and Ethan Hawke, Before Midnight (motion picture), Julie Delpy（演員）:

Once the wet kicks in up north, you can be stranded for months waiting for swollen rivers to subside to a crossable depth.]

2005, Sean Dooley, The Big Twitch, Sydney: Allen and Unwin，第 289 頁:

You have to push the switch hard to get the heater to kick in.

你要用力推开关，才能把暖气打开。

I took my medication an hour ago, and it hasn't kicked in yet.

我一小时前服的药，现在还没见效。

贡献，交 （到某个筹款活动）

For the year-end party, we're asking each employee to kick in twenty dollars.

我们要求每个员工给年末聚会交20美元。

This is a worthy charity, so everyone should kick in.

这个慈善活动很有意义，每个人都应该捐点钱。


old hat

不详。《牛津英语词典》认为与德語 alter Hut (名词, 字面意思是“旧帽子”)有关。

more old hat (comparative)
most old hat (superlative)

banal

司空见惯的，老生常谈的；陈腐的，老一套的 （自20世纪）

commonplace

司空见惯的，老生常谈的；陈腐的，老一套的 （自20世纪）

cliché

司空见惯的，老生常谈的；陈腐的，老一套的 （自20世纪）

démodé

司空见惯的，老生常谈的；陈腐的，老一套的 （自20世纪）

passé

司空见惯的，老生常谈的；陈腐的，老一套的 （自20世纪）

unchic

司空见惯的，老生常谈的；陈腐的，老一套的 （自20世纪）

司空见惯的，老生常谈的；陈腐的，老一套的 （自20世纪）

Coward is such an old hand at this kind of thing that he makes it seem old hat.

1946年November11日, “New Plays in Manhattan”, 出自 Time:

In fact, monorails are rather old hat.

1964 July, “The mythology of monorails”, 出自 Modern Railways，第 1 頁:

It is old hat for a sex scandal to bring down a politician.

1987年May8日, Elaine Sciolino, “Washington Talk: The Hart Story Grips the Capital”, 出自 New York Times:

Based on the size of the crowd, perhaps the queen is old hat.

2007年May4日, Fredrick Kunkle, Paul Duggan, “Straining for a Glimpse of Royalty”, 出自 Washington Post:

The only real knock against “Mortshall” is that “Rick and Morty get sick of each other and split up for a while” feels kind of old hat at this point—the comic premise of the show requires their relationship to be toxic (because a lot of the humor comes from seeing Rick be a shit and seeing Morty try haplessly to deal with Rick being a shit), and they can only try and sell the illusion that anything is going to change so many times before it starts to get stale.

2021年September6日, Zack Handlen, “Rick And Morty ends its fifth season looking for an escape hatch”, 出自 AV Club:


old hat

Upon which she very pertly reply'd, She had done that not with a Design to affront but to convince me of the Value she had for my Present; for that if the Pedantick Blockhead should come, he should only have a little bit of Old-Hat to stay his Stomach, till he got to some Harlot of his own Puritanical Flock […]

1723, Charles Walker, Memoirs of Sally Salisbury, letter XI:

'Tis a Nest, a Niche, an Old Hat, an Omnibus, an Oyster, a Palace o' Pleasure.


outrance

源自古法語 oltrance（現代 outrance (“過度，過分”))，源自outrer (“越過，超過”)，源自oltre、outre、utre，源自晚期拉丁語 ultra-。对比outrage。

But if the shield was touched with the sharp end of the lance, the combat was understood to be at “outrance”, that is, the knights were to fight with sharp weapons, as in actual battle.


outré

源自法語 outré，源自 outrer (“誇大；激怒”)；參見 outre (“在……之外”)。

more outré (comparative)
most outré (superlative)

I believe I have been very rude; but really Miss Fairfax has done her hair in so odd a way—so very odd a way—that I cannot keep my eyes from her. I never saw any thing so outrée!—Those curls!—This must be a fancy of her own. I see nobody else looking like her!

我觉得我已经很无礼了，但是说真的，费尔法克斯小姐的头发很奇怪，真的非常奇怪：我的眼神没法儿从她身上移开。我从来没有见过这么奇特的头发！——那一撮撮的卷发！——这一定是她自己精心做出来的。我从没见过像她这副样子的人！

1815, Jane Austen, Emma, 第 II 卷, chapter 8:

He hated people who did not know where to stop. Ernest was always so outré and strange; there was never any knowing what he would do next, except that it would be something unusual and silly.
他讨厌那些不知所措的人。欧内斯特总是显得那么离谱和奇怪；你永远不知道他下一步会做什么，只知道会是一些不寻常的蠢事。

1903, Samuel Butler, The Way of All Flesh, ch 50:

To begin with, King Lear is the most unconventional, the most nearly hysterical, the most outré and outrageous play Shakespeare ever wrote.
首先，《李尔王》是莎士比亚写过的最不按常理出牌、最近乎歇斯底里、最反传统和最出格的戏剧。

1992, David Littlejohn, The Ultimate Art: Essays Around and About Opera, Chapter 16: The Twentieth Century Takes on Shakespeare, page 261,


endosses

endoss的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


universalises

universalise的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


vaccina

vaccinia (“牛痘”)的另一種寫法


suent

more suent (comparative)
most suent (superlative)

Bankruptcy and repudiation are the springboards from which much of our civilization vaults and turns its sommersets. ...Yet the Middlesex Cattle Show goes off here with éclat annually, as if all the joints of the agricultural machine were suent.

1854, Henry David Thoreau, Walden or, Life in the Woods, (1962) The New American Library, A Signet Classic, 16th printing, page 27:


goss

gossip 的截斷形式。

The hottest goss in celeb-land today is that Angelina Jolie is jealous of her fella's relationship with his ex-wife.

To give myself a break from the energy sapping, demoralising patrolling of this uninviting habitat, and to get away from any more creepy visions, I decided to drive into Mount Isa, ostensibly to be within phone range so I could contact Bob Forsyth and find out any local goss from him.

2005, Sean Dooley, The Big Twitch, Sydney: Allen and Unwin，第 285 頁:


goss

He now states, as one of the miseries of being tall, his frequent collision with the shop blinds projecting over the footway, which endanger his head—or what is of more consequence to him, his hat. Some malicious people, on seeing him in full chase up Regent-street after his goss. (a la Pickwick) compared his activity to a snail in full gallop, while others remarked on his affinity to a spider after a fly.

1838, Actors by Daylight (volume 1, page 143)


acker

不详，可能是eagre的变体。

The wide lovely lake lay in dreamy serenity, fretted with green undulations, ruffed with blue, patched with glades of lucid smoothness between the ackers ….

1969, Vladimir Nabokov, Ada or Ardor, Penguin 2011, p. 436:


futter

由理查德·弗朗西斯·伯顿根據法語 foutre所造，源自拉丁語 futuo, futuere。

Sir John Fastolf called out cheerfully over Miranda’s shoulder to his departing guests, remarking on the sweetness of the night air now that the storm of yesterday night had cleared it, and the day’s rain momentarily had ceased. And all the while he futtered Miranda’s anal canal from behind, and frigged her clitoris.

When Doge is not feeding or futtering, depend on it, he is hunting.

1969, Avram Davidson, The Phoenix and the Mirror:


sendest

(古舊) send的第二人稱單數一般現在時形式


bettest

(古舊) bet的第二人稱單數一般現在時形式


checkt

check 的過去式和過去分詞


checkest

(古舊) check的第二人稱單數一般現在時形式


fasel

源自中古英語 faselen。

fasels
faseling
faselling
faseled
faselled

So must this needs also, especially in this latter knowing age of the world; and by reason also of that seeming neere similitude which hypocrisie holds unto the truth and power of grace, (which hath fazled and entangled this controversie) the objections and difficulties which a beleever meets with in beating out a right judgement of his estate, are greater then in any controversie the world ever knew.

1636, Thomas Goodwin, A childe of Light Walking in Darknesse:


fasel

phasel的棄用形式。


schmelze

一種產自波西米亞的紅寶石色玻璃


croque-madame

借自法語 croque-madame，源自croquer (“嚼，咬”) + madame (“夫人，女士，太太”)。

頂部放有煎蛋的火腿起司三明治


sinnier

sinny 的比較級形式。


croque-monsieur

借自法語 croque-monsieur，源自croquer (“嚼，咬”) + monsieur (“先生”)。


spickest

spick的最高級形式。

While George junior was married to Sonia he had the spickest pair o' boats on the Gut.

1994, Sheila Stewart, Ramlin Rose: The Boatwoman's Story (page 51)

Sunday was the day we'd get to wear / Our best trousers and shirts, our spickest shoes, / To the chapel's echoing hush.


spicket

源自中古英語 spigot (“木塞”)。可能最终经由古奧克語 espiga源自拉丁語 spīca 及古法語的一个或多个方言。

spigot的另一種拼寫法

Blackberry Wine: Take your berries when full ripe, put them into a vessel of wood or stone, with a spicket in it, and pour upon them as much boiling water as will just appear at the top of them.

1798, Richard Briggs, The English Art of Cookery

Well in the meantime the battle raged on. Milk Toast had Dirty Dan down and the spicket on his barrel wide open and all that soapy water was running all over Dan's body.

2014, John Blais, The Last Showdown at the Dog Food Corral, Xlibris Corporation, page 3


spiest

(古舊) spy的第二人稱單數一般現在時形式


spick

spicker (comparative)
spickest (superlative)


subatomic

The electron microscope is able to resolve detail at the subatomic level.

电子显微镜能够在亚原子水平上分辨细节。


dolent

源自中古英語 dolent，源自古法語 dolent，源自拉丁語 dolēns，doleō (“悲傷，傷心”) 的現在分詞。

more dolent (comparative)
most dolent (superlative)

Poor wretch! who once hath paced that dolent city

1874, James Thomson, The City of Dreadful Night

‘Did you find them all, Uncle Van?’ she inquired, sighing, laying her dolent head on his shoulder.

1969, Vladimir Nabokov, Ada or Ardor, Penguin 2011, p. 148:


YMCA

Young Men's Christian Association (“基督教青年會”)之首字母縮略詞。


YMCA

Y

基督教青年會經營的旅館或其他設施

基督教青年會經營的旅館或其他設施

一種配合樂團村民的歌曲《Y.M.C.A.》，結合手勢擺出字母 Y、M、C、A 的舞蹈


YWCA

Young Women's Christian Association (“基督教女青年會”)之首字母縮略詞。

“Letʼs go and see if the YWCA is open.”

“過去看看基督教女青年會有沒有開門。”

2002, Jennifer Worth, Call the Midwife, Phoenix (2012)，第 158 頁:


epluchage

從受感染的傷口上去除被污染的組織


pelure

一種硬而脆的薄紙，有時用來製作郵票


rayonny

rayonné的另一種拼寫法


obstinent

more obstinent (comparative)
most obstinent (superlative)


obstinant

more obstinant (comparative)
most obstinant (superlative)


stubbornness

What is stubbornness? It is not only refusing to believe a crucial message, but also shunning or at least looking down on those, who stated or believed it in the first place.
Perhaps only when it's found too late for regrets will that person understand.

什麼是頑固不化？不僅僅是拒絕相信關鍵信息，而且還迴避，或至少看不起那些聲明或相信它的人。
也許只有這種人發現後悔已經來不及的時候，他們才會明白。


hydrates

hydrate的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


saignée

借自法語 saignée。

桃紅葡萄酒的一種生產方法，將葡萄碾碎後，放出部分果汁

使用這種方法製造的葡萄酒


écorché

借自法語 écorché (“剝皮的”)。

去除皮膚、只畫/構建出肌肉的人體或動物模型

Apollo with a potato peeler, she flays the Marsyas of humanity, exposing raw nerve. Man is a red-ribboned écorché in her laboratory.


survivant

more survivant (comparative)
most survivant (superlative)