blistering

more blistering (comparative)
most blistering (superlative)

Dati launched a blistering attack on the prime minister, François Fillon, under whom she served as justice minister, accusing him of sexism, elitism, arrogance and hindering the political advancement of ethnic minorities.

2011年December14日, Angelique Chrisafis, “Rachida Dati accuses French PM of sexism and elitism”, 出自 Guardian:

Messi showed some of the old touches while Mbappe demonstrated his blistering pace and eye for goal but Neymar was disappointing, too easily shrugged off the ball and missing a great chance to restore PSG's lead.

2021年November24日, Phil McNulty, “Manchester City 2 - 1 Paris Saint Germain”, 出自 BBC Sport:


blistering

发疱疗法 （在皮肤上引起水疱来加速血流帮助愈合的疗法）

Inflammations are treated generally by allopathic practitioners by bleedings, blisterings, purgings, vomitings, Antimony and Mercury: and this is practised, more or less, with little variation, wherever the seat of the inflammation may be.

1852, The American Journal of Homoeopathy, 第 7-9 卷s，第 99 頁:


blithe

源自中古英語 blithe (“高兴的，开心的；使人愉快的；温柔的；大方仁慈的；闪亮的；美丽的”) [以及其他形式]，源自古英語 blīþe (“高兴的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *blīþī，源自原始日耳曼語 *blīþiz (“友善的；温柔的；使人愉快的”)，源自原始印歐語 *bʰlī- (“好；轻；愉”)，源自原始印歐語 *bʰel- (“亮；白”)。

blither (comparative)
blithest (superlative)

She had a blithe disregard of cultures outside the United States.

她对美国以外的文化毫不在意。

There on Beds of Violets blew,
And freſh-blown Roſes waſht in dew,
Fill'd her with thee a daughter fair,
So buckſom, blith, and debonair.

a. 1645, John Milton, “L’Allegro”, 出自 Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], 出版於 1646, →OCLC，第 31 頁:

For that fair femal Troop thou ſawſt, that ſeemd
Of Goddeſſes, ſo blithe, ſo ſmooth, ſo gay,
Yet empty of good wherein conſiſts,
Womans domeſtic honour and chief praiſe; […]

1667, John Milton, “Book X”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，第 610–613 行s:

I was feeling blithe, almost jocund.

1876 June, Mark Twain, “The Facts Concerning the Recent Carnival of Crime in Connecticut”, 出自 The Atlantic:


billion

At the last assessment it [the national debt] amounts to seven billion pounds (£7,000,000,000).

1921年January24日, “National Finances”, 出自 Devon and Exeter Gazette，第 5 頁:

In America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year. Yet of those who received unsolicited adverts through the post, only 3% bought anything as a result.

2013年May25日, “No hiding place”, 出自 The Economist, 第 407 卷, 第 8837 期，第 74 頁:

However, despite the prospect of HS2 being curtailed and the revelation that the programme is late and billions over budget, for now, at least, work on the scheme appears to be business as usual

2019 October, Dan Harvey, “HS2 costs rise as schedule slips”, 出自 Modern Railways，第 9 頁:

The ChatGPT service which serves as Web front-end to GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 was the fastest-growing service in history to break the 100 million user milestone in January and had 1 billion visits by February 2023.

2023年October30日, Herbold et al., “A large-scale comparison of human-written versus ChatGPT-generated essays” (18617), 出自 Scientific Reports, 第 13 卷，第 1 頁:

n = 1,000,000,000,000, that is, = a billion, or the square of a million

1778, Francis Maseres, “A Method of Finding, by the Help of Sir Isaac Newton's Binomial Theorem, a Near Value of the very Slowly Converging Infinite Series [...]”, 出自 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 第 lxviii 卷, 第 xli 期:

There is a bill to be picked up for cleaning the former Soviet countries of £1 billion. By that I mean a British billion, because when I was little I was told that a billion was a million million and then the Americans said that it was a thousand million. Well, I am talking about a million million pounds worth of clean-up to be done.

2000年November8日, Stephen Ladyman, “[Speech to the House of Commons]”, 出自 Hansard:

There were billions of people at the concert.

那个音乐会得有好几亿个人去。


renown

* 来自古法語 renon，自re- + non (“名字，名称”)。


renown

* 来自古法語 renon，自re- + non (“名字，名称”)。


ramshackle

首次可考于1830年，是ramshackled 的逆構詞，源自ransackled，ransackle (“洗劫”)的过去式，中古英語 ransaken (“掠夺”)的反复态。

more ramshackle (comparative)
most ramshackle (superlative)

/ˈɹæmˌʃæk.əl/

They stayed in a ramshackle cabin on the beach.

他们待在海滩上一个破破烂烂的小屋里。

A ramshackle old empire. (of Austria-Hungary).

So ramshackle was the locals' attempt at defence that, with energetic wingers pouring into the space behind panicked full-backs and centre-halves dizzied by England's movement, it was cruel to behold at times.

2012年September7日, Dominic Fifield, “England start World Cup campaign with five-goal romp against Moldova”, 出自 The Guardian:

The alliance that pushed the Inflation Reduction Act into law in August was always a somewhat fragile and ramshackle one: Green New Dealers and the coal-state senator Joe Manchin, carbon-capture geeks and environmental justice warriors, all herded together in the sort of big-tent play you get with a 50-50 Senate and one party functionally indifferent on climate.

2022年October5日, David Wallace-Wells, “Progressives Should Rally Around a Clean Energy Construction Boom”, 出自 The New York Times:


ramshackle

/ˈɹæmˌʃæk.əl/


ramus

:< 拉丁語 rāmus （“枝”）。


pedagogical

* pedagogic + -al，其中，pedagogic来自古希腊语παιδαγωγός (paidagōgós, “教师”)，由παῖς (paîs, “儿童”)和ἄγω (ágō, “我带领”)組成。

more pedagogical (comparative)
most pedagogical (superlative)

教学法的，教学的，教育的


pilfer

源自中古英語 pilfre (“战利品”)，源自古法語 pelfre (“赃物，掠夺物”)，其词源不详。对比pelf。

偷窃 （尤指不值钱的，无足轻重的东西）


retribution

源自拉丁語 retribuō (“偿还”)。

/ˌɹɛtɹɪˈbjuʃən/

（出于道德或报复的）惩罚，惩处

Whereas retribution focuses on the offender's wrong, retaliation focuses on the impulse of the victim (or of those who sympathize with him) to strike back at the offender.

1983, Richard A. Posner, The economics of justicem p.208:

1. Revenge is for an injury; retribution is for a wrong.

1999, Barbara Hanawalt, Medieval crime and social control, p.73:


risky

riskier (comparative)
riskiest (superlative)

Investing in this start-up company could be risky.

投资这家创业公司有风险。

risqué的拼寫錯誤。

That awkward moment when someone doesn't reply to your risky text message.

2012, Marlize Schmidt, That Awkward Moment..., Lulu Press, Inc (ISBN 9781105877346)

Have you no risky songs , no indecent ballads?

1889, Charles Leonard Moore, Banquet of Palacios: A Comedy, page 157:

Ronald Frankau (pronounced Franco) wrote a few risky songs, such as FANNY'S BEEN EVACUATED NOW with the line “and for half a pound of butter, well a lady's got to eat” ~ he got banned for it.

2020, B. Barrett-Lennard, Mind Control Through the Mass Media: Transmission of the Politics of Inequality, B. Barrett-Lennard (ISBN 9781925999891)


brachial

借自拉丁語 bracchialis，源自bracchium (“手臂”)。brachialis 的同源對似詞。


brachial

腕：腕足動物開合上方殼的構造

The first brachials are somewhat broader than long and are not entirely in contact interiorly. The second brachials are squarish. The first and most of the second brachials bear spines […]

1950, Austin Hobart Clark, A monograph of the existing crinoids，第 33 頁:

Cup conical, weakly developed basal flange, six arms per ray, one exotomous branching, all brachials biserial within two to five brachials of branching, cup ornamentation probably striae radiating from base of arms onto basals.

1997, Gary D. Webster, David D. Gillette, Lower Carboniferous Echinoderms from Northern Utah and Western Wyoming，第 14 頁:


bullion

源自中古英語 bulloin、bullioun，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 bullion，其词源不详，可能源自法語 bouillon，自“熔化”一意引申而来。中古荷蘭語 boelioen (“贱金属”)可能源自无关的法語 billon。

（肩章等上面的，贵金属制的）弯曲边缘

The hair was plaited with bullion and red riband, and then wound round the head, something after the fashion of a turban, save that it entirely displayed the forehead.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 XXII, 出自 Francesca Carrara. […], 第 I 卷, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，第 257 頁:


peddle

My hopes wa'n't disappointed. I never saw clams thicker than they was along them inshore flats. I filled my dreener in no time, and then it come to me that 'twouldn't be a bad idee to get a lot more, take 'em with me to Wellmouth, and peddle 'em out. Clams was fairly scarce over that side of the bay and ought to fetch a fair price.

1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, 章號 3, 出自 Mr. Pratt's Patients:

- How much you think this stuff is worth?
- Yeah, there must be a million bucks' worth.
- Think we could peddle it?
- Oh, you can always get rid of it.

Christine walked a dangerous line, peddling gossip about her detested son-in-law.

2009, Michael John Beashel, Unshackled，第 166 頁:

Roberts was a drug dealer, nicknamed 'King Krud', who peddled death and misery.

Yes, there were instances of grandstanding and obsessive behaviour, but many were concealed at the time to help protect an aggressively peddled narrative of [Oscar] Pistorius the paragon, the emblem, the trailblazer.

2014年October21日, Oliver Brown, “Oscar Pistorius jailed for five years – sport afforded no protection against his tragic fallibilities: Bladerunner's punishment for killing Reeva Steenkamp is but a frippery when set against the burden that her bereft parents, June and Barry, must carry [print version: No room for sentimentality in this tragedy, 13 September 2014, p. S22]”, 出自 The Daily Telegraph (Sport):

As for the IRP, Secretary of State Grant Shapps continues to peddle snake oil, smoke and mirrors. His reaction to near-universal IRP condemnation from politicians, local and national media, and all but a few rail specialists was to dismiss the lot of us (in the condescending and patronising tone we have now come to expect) as "critics and naysayers".

2022年January12日, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, 出自 RAIL, 第 948 期，第 3 頁:


brackish

源自苏格兰brack（←中古荷蘭語 brac (“有盐味的”)） + -ish。同源词包括荷蘭語 brak (“有盐味的”)、德國低地德語 brack、brakerg、brakig (“有盐味的”)、德語 brackig (“有盐味的”)、丹麥語 brak (“有盐味的”)、瑞典語 bräck (“有盐味的”)、挪威語 brakk (“有盐味的”)。可能是brook的远亲同源对似词。

more brackish (comparative)
most brackish (superlative)

有盐味的，较咸的 （程度在海水与淡水之间，如在入海口的水）；太咸的

...by a low courſe and too long ſporting with the briny Ocean it taſts brackiſh and inſalubrious...

1638, Sir Thomas Herbert, Some years travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique:

On all sides a powerful brackish marshland odor, the odor of damp, and decay, and black earth, black water.

1992, Joyce Carol Oates, Black Water, Penguin Books, paperback edition, page 4.

The water we took on at Chatham Isle is now brackish & without a dash of brandy in it, my stomach rebels.

2004, David Mitchell, Cloud Atlas, Random House.


bullshit

Oh, I get it! So it's not a pyramid, it's just pyramid-shaped. You know, like a Dorito, or an Angry Bird, or just a pile of bullshit.

2016年November6日, “Multilevel Marketing”, 出自 Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, 第 3 季数, 第 29 集数, John Oliver（演員）, 經由 HBO:

乱讲的话，夸张的话，吹牛屄，放屁，胡话，胡说

Don't pay any attention to him. He talks a lot of bullshit.

别管他。他一天到晚净胡说。

The Illusive Man: Shepard. You're making a habit of costing me more than time and money.
Shepard: I'm sorry, I'm having trouble hearing you. I'm getting a lot of bullshit on this line.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC，PC:

That's total bullshit! I called your office and they said that you didn't come in!

放你的狗屁！我给你的办公室打过电话，他们说你根本去。

Fucking load of bullshit! You smashed his skull and dropped the F-bomb at him, and now you're claiming that he assaulted you?!

他妈的胡说八道！你打了他的头，还对他满嘴喷粪，现在你还说是他对你动手？

误导性质的话 （可以是真的也可以是假的）

Respect for the truth and a concern for the truth are among the foundations for civilization. I was for a long time disturbed by the lack of respect for the truth that I observed... bullshit is one of the deformities of these values.

Illusive Man: Shepard, you're making a habit of costing me more than time and money.
Shepard: I'm sorry, I'm having trouble hearing you. I'm getting a lot of bullshit on this line.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC，PC，幕：After Collector Base: Final Battle:

shit (“玩意儿”)之同義詞 （带粗俗的负面色彩）

These rules cover how to do your laundry, how to fold your shirts, how to shine your shoes... You know, all that bullshit.

这些规则涵盖了洗衣服的方法，还有怎么叠衬衫，怎么刷鞋...之类的乱七八糟的玩意

And when I rolled with the punches I got knocked on the ground
By all this bullshit going down

1975, “Fight the Power (Part 1 & 2)”, 出自 The Heat Is On, 演出者 The Isley Brothers:

吹牛 （一种扑克游戏，见维基百科）

Anyone want to play a few hands of bullshit?


bullshit

more bullshit (comparative)
most bullshit (superlative)

荒唐的，乱讲的，胡说八道的

That's the most bullshit excuse I've ever heard.

这是我听到过的最荒唐的借口。

They're bullshit jobs

这些工作都什么乱七八糟的。


bullshit

bullshits
bullshitting
bullshitted
bullshit
bullshat

I think you're bullshitting. Let’s just call your office and see if you even came in.

我觉得你在放屁。要不我们给你办公室打个电话看看你有没有去过。

You’re bullshitting me. I called your office and you never even came in.

放你妈的屁，我给你办公室打了电话，你根本都没有去过。

I will probably just go and bullshit with Joe for a while.

我估计准备去和Joe吹会儿牛屄。

We just went on stage and bullshitted the whole concert because we didn't know any songs.

我们就上台，然后糊弄过了整个音乐会，因为我们一首歌都不会。


bullshit

狗屁！放屁！胡说！ （表达不相信。）


blossom

源自中古英語 blosme，源自古英語 blostm、blostma，源自原始日耳曼語 *blōsmaz（对比西弗里斯蘭語 blossem、荷蘭語 bloesem），*blōstaz（对比德語 Blust）的加长形式，源自原始印歐語 *bʰleh₃-s- (“花”)，源自*bʰleh₃- (“绽，盛开”)。同源词有阿爾巴尼亞語 bleron (“绽放，繁盛”)、拉丁語 flōs (“花”)、Flōra (“植物之神”)。详见blow的词源4。

花 （尤指果树结果前盛开的花）； （这种花的）花簇

The blossom has come early this year.

Foppiſh and fantaſtick Ornaments are only Indications of Vice, not criminal in themſelves. Extinguiſh Vanity in the Mind, and you naturally retrench the little Superfluities of Garniture and Equipage. The Bloſſoms will fall of themſelves, when the Root that nouriſhes them is deſtroyed.

1711年March16日, The Spectator, 第 I 卷, 第 16 期, London: Printed for S[amuel] Buckley, at the Dolphin in Little-Britain; and J[acob] Tonson, at Shakespear's-Head over-against Catherine-street in the Strand, →OCLC，第 89 頁:

The orchard is in blossom.

This beauty, in the blossom of my youth, / When my first fire knew no adulterate incense, / Nor I no way to flatter, but my fondness; / [...] long did I love this lady, / Long was my travail, long my trade to win her; / With all the duty of my soul, I served her.

c. 1619–1622, Philip Massinger, “A Very Woman”, 出自 Three New Playes: viz. The Bashful Lover, Guardian, Very Woman. As They have been Often Acted at the Private-house in Black-Friers, by His Late Majesties Servants, with Great Applause, London: Printed for Humphrey Moseley, and are to be sold at his shop at the sign of the Prince's Arms in St. Pauls Church-yard, 出版於 1655, →OCLC, Act IV, scene iii; 再版為 W[illiam] Gifford 編, The Plays of Philip Massinger, in Four Volumes. With Notes Critical and Explanatory, 第 IV 卷, London: Printed for G[eorge] and W[illiam] Nicol [et al.] by W[illiam] Bulmer and Co., Cleveland-Row, St. James's, 1805, →OCLC，第 317 頁:

混杂有栗色或棕色的白色 （指马的毛色）

For colour he [Nobs, a horse] was neither black-bay, brown-bay, dapple-bay, black-grey, iron-grey, sad-grey, branded-grey, sandy-grey, dapple-grey, silver-grey, dun, mouse-dun, flea-backed, flea-bitten, rount, blossom, roan, pye-bald, rubican, sorrel, cow-coloured sorrel, bright sorrel, burnt sorrel, starling-colour, tyger-colour, wolf-colour, deer-colour, cream-colour, white, grey, or black. Neither was he green, like the horse which the Emperor [Septimus] Severus took from the Parthians, [...]

1834–1847, Robert Southey, “A Feeble Attempt to Describe the Physical and Moral Qualities of Nobs”, 出自 John Wood Warter 編, The Doctor, &c., London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman, →OCLC; new版, London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, 1862, →OCLC，第 358 頁，第 2 列:


blossom

The Utricularia vulgaris or bladder-wort, a yellow pea-like flower, has blossomed in stagnant pools.

1851年June22日, Henry D[avid] Thoreau, 編者H. G. O. Blake, Summer: From the Journal of Henry D. Thoreau, London: T. Fisher Unwin, 26 Paternoster Square E.C., 出版於 1884，第 210 頁:

Since I came back from Pomona I have done many drawings to illustrate the Inferno of Dante [Alighieri] and I find my old Italian love blossoming all over again for this greatest of all master poets, bar none.

1961年January30日, Rico Lebrun, “New Haven · Capri · Rome (1958–1960) [To David Lebrun from Los Angeles, January 30, 1961]”, 出自 In the Meridian of the Heart: Selected Letters of Rico Lebrun, Boston, Mass.: David R. Godine, Publisher, 出版於 2000, →ISBN，第 66 頁:


refined

refine 的過去式和過去分詞

The raw petroleum was refined into kerosene.


refined

more refined (comparative)
most refined (superlative)

精准的，精确的，尤指：
睿智的，聪明的， 过于讲究的；假装聪明的

精准的，精确的，尤指： 精妙的，细致的，周全的

The argument, while not persuasive, is quite refined.

那个论点虽然没有说服力，但是还是很细致的。

精准的，精确的，尤指： 成熟的

The curriculum has been carefully refined to meet the needs of foreign students.

课程表经过精心改善来满足外国学生的需求。

文明的，尤指： 高雅的，精良的

In the British Isles, Oxbridge is considered refined; Geordie somewhat less so.

不列颠群岛中，牛津剑桥[的口音]被认为较为高雅，而泰恩赛德就没那么高雅。

文明的，尤指：
优雅的，文雅的，斯文的， 做作的；过于追求高雅的

Don Draper was a man of refined tastes.

唐·德雷柏的品味很高雅。

"Jesus Christ! Was my folks refined. My mam she wouldn't think-a lettin' us young'uns call a pee pot a pee pot. A chamber's what she called it... And by God! Us young'uns had ter call the pee pot a chamber or git our God damn necks wrang."

1946, Elizabeth Metzger Howard, Before the Sun Goes Down, p. 31:

提纯的，无杂质的，尤指： 高纯度的，精制的

Under current guidelines, refined sugar must be at least five times purer than its raw counterpart.

按目前的指导方针，精制后的糖的纯度必须是加工前的纯度的至少5倍。

提纯的，无杂质的，尤指：
精炼的 （无熔渣或合金的）

The Temple at Jerusalem preferred Tyrian shekels, since even with Ba'al's portrait they bore highly refined silver.

提纯的，无杂质的，尤指： 有道德的，无污点的


refined

We're still purchasing copper ore, but the market for refined is weaker.

我们还在进购铜矿，但是精加工产品的市场更差。


bearing

源自中古英語 beringe、berynge、berende、berande、berand，源自古英語 berende (“结果实的”)（亦作古英語 bǣrende的同义词），源自原始日耳曼語 *berandz，原始日耳曼語 *beraną (“承载，拿着”)的现在分词，等价于bear + -ing。

bear 的現在時分詞和動名詞


bearing

拿着...的，承载着...的

a gift-bearing visitor

That's a bearing wall.


bearing

源自中古英語 bering、beringe、berynge，等价于bear + -ing。

现状，方向，自己的位置，自己的处境

get/find one's bearings

熟悉环境，了解自己的处境

lose one's bearing

迷失方向（字面义或比喻义）

Do we go left here or straight on? Hold on, let me just get my bearings.

这里该左拐还是直走？等下，我看看我们的位置。

I started a new job last week, and I still haven't quite found my bearings.

我上周刚入职，还不太清楚自己该干嘛。

That has no bearing on this issue.

She walks with a confident, self-assured bearing.

The little green men were clearly professional soldiers by their bearing, carried Russian weapons, and wore Russian combat fatigues, but they had no identifying insignia. Vladimir Putin originally denied they were Russian soldiers; that April, he confirmed they were.

2019年March18日, Steven Pifer, Five years after Crimea’s illegal annexation, the issue is no closer to resolution, The Center for International Security and Cooperation:

A lintel or beam may have four inches of bearing upon the wall.

楣或梁在墙上方能有四英寸的承载物。

The beam has twenty feet of bearing between its supports.

梁在支柱之间有十二英尺的距离。

盾徽或饰牌上的纹章或图案

Jos Sedley's open carriage, with its magnificent armorial bearings.

1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, Notes of a Journey from Cornhill to Grand Cairo:


rape

:< 拉丁語 rapiō （“抓住；抢劫，掳掠”）。

肆意损坏，肆意糟蹋，蹂躏


rape

:< 拉丁語 rapiō （“抓住；抢劫，掳掠”）。

破坏，蹂躏；弄乱；掳掠，抢劫


pedigree

:< 盎格魯-諾曼語 pe de gru，同古法语 pié de gru （“鹤足”） < 拉丁语 pedem （“足”） + gruem （“鹤”）。

more pedigree (comparative)
most pedigree (superlative)


pedigree

动物血统记录，动物纯种系谱


beaut

beauty 的截斷形式。

That new car of yours is a real beaut.

你的那辆新车真是漂亮啊。

Bruno lifted his left hand out of the bucket in order to point out to Catfoot a lump, the size of a darning egg, over his left eye. […] "Ain't it a beaut, Cat? It's where he butted me."

1942, Nelson Algren, Never Come Morning, 出版於 2001，第 282 頁:

In his most famous quip, La Guardia once remarked, “When I make a mistake it's a beaut!”

1994, Stephen Jay Gould, Eight Little Piggies: Reflections in Natural History，第 109 頁:

Both of them were used to long surveillance stints. This looked like it might be a beaut.

2000, James Patterson, The Midnight Club，第 272 頁:


beaut

beauty 的截斷形式。

beauter (comparative)
beautest (superlative)

An' there was posies all round Jim, He had a bran new suit, The first un that he ever had, An' everything was beaut. An' when the preacher told 'bout Jim— How ' twas he got the swipe— I saw most all them dandy swells A feelin' fer a wipe.

1895, Elbridge Kingsley, Frederick Knab, Picturesque Worcester ...: Complete in Three Parts，第 40 頁:

It was beaut to have him home again, and gee, you should have seen the bike he bought me from Paris. From the same factory as his own was made.

She was very motherly towards me then and it was beaut. Before I was eighteen, there just wasn't any kind words. All I wanted to do was get away from there.

1978, Kevin Gilbert, Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert:

Yes, it was beaut.

1996, Madeleine St. John, A Pure Clear Light, 4th Estate, Limited:


bungle

动词词源不详，有可能：
* 最终是拟声词（对比bumble (“笨手笨脚；犯错，出错”)、fumble (“笨拙地摸索；犯错”)）；或
* 源自古諾爾斯語，对比古瑞典語 bunga (“击打”)，方言瑞典語 bangla (“做无用功”)。
名词派生自动词。
同源词
* 德語 Bengel (“棍棒；粗鲁的人”)
* 中古高地德語 bungen (“敲”)

blunder

笨手笨脚，失误连连；搞砸

（笨手笨脚，不熟练地）做；（因为不熟练，没有能力而）搞砸，弄糟

I always had an idea that it would be bungled; but was willing to hope, and am still so. Whatever I can do by money, means, or person, I will venture freely for their freedom; and have so repeated to them (some of the Chiefs here) half an hour ago.

1821年February24日, Lord Byron, “Extracts from a Diary of Lord Byron, 1821”, 出自 Letters and Journals of Lord Byron: […], Frankfurt am Main: […] H. L. Brönner, 出版於 1830, →OCLC，第 468 頁，第 1 列:

笨手笨脚，失误连连；搞砸


bungle

botch

笨手笨脚造成的失误，错误

muddle

笨手笨脚造成的失误，错误

笨手笨脚造成的失误，错误

The Soudan bungle was born partly of sentimental loyalty and partly of the aforementioned jealousy existing between the colonies, and now at a time when the colonies should club closer together our Government is doing all they can to widen the breach by trying to pass a bill enabling New South Wales to monopolise the name "Australia".

1888, Henry Lawson, United Division (essay):


berries

浆果（berry 的複數）


berries

berry的单数第三人称现在式。


beseech

源自中古英語 besechen、bisechen，古英語 sēċan (“寻求；询问”)的带前缀形式。同源词有薩特弗里斯蘭語 besäike (“拜访”)、荷蘭語 bezoeken (“拜访，参与”)、德語 besuchen (“拜访，参与”)、瑞典語 besöka (“拜访”)。

Moost noble crysten Quene I byseche yow as ye haue ben euer my specyal good lady and I at al tymes your true poure knyghte vnto my power and as I neuer fayled yow in ryghte nor in wrong sythen the fyrst day kynge Arthur made me knyghte that ye wylle praye for my soule yf that I here be slayne;
"Most noble Christian queen, I beseech you as ye have been ever my special good lady, and I at all times your true poor knight unto my power, and as I never failed you in right nor in wrong sithen the first day King Arthur made me knight, that ye will pray for my soul if that I here be slain;"

1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XX, Chapter iii, leaf 401r:

after what manner, I beseech you, must the mind proceed in this operation?

1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral, London: Oxford University Press, 出版於 1973, § 25:

She besought him, for his Soul's sake to speak the truth.

1888, Rudyard Kipling, “Watches of the Night”, 出自 Plain Tales from the Hills, Folio, 出版於 2005，第 61 頁:

[King Knight defeats the Troupple King.] / Troupple Acolyte: 'HALT! I BESEECH THEE! PLEASE, NO MORE!'

2019 December 10, Yacht Club Games, Shovel Knight: King of Cards, 經由 Nintendo 3DS，關卡/區域：Royal Pond:

要求，请求 （某件事物）

[…]the tickets had all been given out, begged, besought long ago.

1990, Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky（譯者）, The Brothers Karamazov, San Francisco, North Point Press, →ISBN，第 657 頁:


beseech

Good madam, hear the suit that Edith urges, With such submiss beseeches; [...]

1617, pseudo-Francis Beaumont, John Fletcher, George Chapman, Ben Jonson, Philip Massinger, Rollo, Duke of Normandy, or the Bloody Brother, Act IV, Scene III:


beckon

源自中古英語 bekenen、beknen、becnen、beknien，源自古英語 bēacnian、bēcnian、bīecnan (“示意”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *bauknōn、*bauknijan (“示意”)，源自*baukn (“信号；烽火”)。与古撒克遜語 bōknian、古高地德語 bouhnen、古諾爾斯語 bákna同源。详见beacon。

示意...过来，示意...靠近，招呼


beckon

（用招手、点头等的）示意

At the first beckon.

c. 1734, Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, A Dissertation on Parties

He turn to me, make a beckon with the key in his hand.

2020, Abi Daré, The Girl With The Louding Voice, Sceptre，第 110 頁:

一种类似捉迷藏的游戏，但被捉的人得到其他躲藏者的招手示意时可以逃走。


beshrew

源自中古英語 beschrewen (“诅咒”)，等价于be- + shrew。

（用于祈使句表示感叹性质的咒骂。）

Beshrew your heart, fair daughter!

c. 1596–1599, William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:

"Now, beshrew his heart," quoth jolly Robin, "that would deny a butcher. And, moreover, I will go dine with you all, my sweet lads, and that as fast as I can hie." Whereupon, having sold all his meat, he closed his stall and went with them to the great Guild Hall.

1883, Howard Pyle, 章號 V, 出自 The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood of Great Renown, in Nottinghamshire, New York, N.Y.: […] Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC:


besmirch

debase

玷污（...的名声），诋毁，丑化

smear

玷污（...的名声），诋毁，丑化

slander

玷污（...的名声），诋毁，丑化

玷污（...的名声），诋毁，丑化

The newspaper was on a campaign to besmirch the actor.


bespectacled

more bespectacled (comparative)
most bespectacled (superlative)

The choristers were as bespectacled as the audience. Are Protestants more bespectacled than Catholics because of too much Bible reading?

2002, Steven Barclay, A Place in the World Called Paris，第 149 頁:


revere

源自法語 révérer，最终源自拉丁語 revereor，源自re- + vereor (“畏惧”)。


peerless

more peerless (comparative)
most peerless (superlative)

Let's after him, / Whoſe care is gone before, to bid vs welcome: / It is a peerleſſe Kinſman.

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]，第 134 頁:

Telegram! Malachi Mulligan, The Ship, lower Abbey street. O, you peerless mummer! O, you priestified Kinchite!

1922 February, James Joyce, “[9]”, 出自 Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

Foden has also grown into this World Cup, having scored against Wales and creating two goals here. England's midfield and attack is taking shape with perfect timing for what will be the sternest of tests against France and the peerless Mbappe。

2022年December4日, Phil McNulty, “England 3-0 Senegal”, 出自 BBC Sport:


reprieve

1571年，意为“带回监狱”，源自中古英語 repryen (“扣押，羁押”)（1494年），可能源自中古法語 repris，reprendre (“拿回”)的一个变位形式，与reprise同源。其词义已被泛化，但还暗含监狱或处刑的色彩。名词用法自1598年可考。对比拉丁語 privare。

给...予缓刑；撤销...的刑罚 （尤指死囚）

将...押回监狱 （而不处死）

推迟，延迟，暂缓 （撤销、废除某物的计划）

At the time of writing the halts have been reprieved due to doubts as to the legality of the withdrawal of services. It is feared that this reprieve may not outlast the summer timetable which, on the section in question, provides only a skeleton of the former service.

1960 August, L. Hyland, “The Irish Scene”, 出自 Trains Illustrated，第 468 頁:


reprieve

The prisoner was saved from execution; the governor had requested a reprieve.

囚犯免于被处死，总督要求了缓刑。

缓刑批准文件；取消刑罚批准文件

（痛苦的）减轻，缓解 （尤指暂时的）

Yet it was not easy, on the balance of play, to be convinced by Pellegrini and his defeated players that the reprieve might somehow be a defining moment over the two legs.

2015年February24日, Daniel Taylor, “Luis Suárez strikes twice as Barcelona teach Manchester City a lesson”, 出自 The Guardian (London):

(受到公众反对的事件的) 取消；推迟


bedside

源自中古英語 bedsyde、bedde syde（亦作beddes side、beddes syde），等价于bed + -side。对比德語 Bettseite (“床边”)。


bravado

源自法語 bravade (“自夸”)，源自意大利語 bravata，源自动词bravare (“自夸”)，源自bravo。

/bɹɑːˈvɑːdoʊ/

The angry customer stood in the middle of the showroom and voiced his complaints with loud bravado.

For a bravado he had the organ taken down and conveyed to his father's house, where he had it put up in the chamber where it now stands. It was also for a bravado that he played on it every day. But, by−and−by, the amount of time which he spent at it daily began to increase rapidly.

1891, Rosa Mulholland, The Haunted Organist of Hurly Burly，第 12 頁:

Songs like "Hey Bobby", and "Do Ya" drip with innuendo and sexual bravado.

1990 Amy Longsdorf, K.T. Oslin: Personality, Wit and Style To Spare", The Morning Callhttp://articles.mcall.com/1990-08-11/entertainment/2758085_1_oslin-country-music-kt

Stripped of all bravado, Cersei breaks, and shows the very scared, vulnerable woman who has kept her emotions at bay. “I don’t want to die,” she whimpers, “Not like this.” It’s all the more moving for coming from a character who built her identity on steely resolve and contempt for such hoary conceits as fear.

2019年May12日, Alex McLevy, “Westeros faces a disastrous final battle on the penultimate Game of Thrones (newbies)”, 出自 The A.V. Club:

The rise of SOS devices – satellite-synched gadgets that send a signal to rescue agencies when activated – give people bravado, Estrada says. “A lot of people carry these SOS devices and they think they can get into any trouble and they can get help,” he says, adding that he has seen more requests for assistance recently.

2023年February11日, Katharine Gammon, “A mountain of trouble? The draw – and danger – of California’s Mount Baldy”, 出自 The Guardian, →ISSN:

No doubt there is fear despite the bravado, but there is also no significant loss of Ukrainian military cohesion.

2023年April2日, Dan Sabbagh, Ed Ram, “Surrounded and outgunned, Ukraine’s tank crews prepare for battle of Bakhmut”, 出自 The Guardian, →ISSN:


bravado

/bɹɑːˈvɑːdoʊ/


brazen

源自中古英語 brasen，源自古英語 bræsen (“黄铜的”)，等价于brass + -en（对比golden）。
原意为“黄铜的”，动词的比喻义（brazen it out (“放肆”)）追溯至16世纪50年代（可能源自“脸像黄铜一样不见羞耻”），形容词义“厚颜无耻的”源自16世纪70年代。对比bold as brass。

more brazen (comparative)
most brazen (superlative)

Brazen or rather copper swords seem to have been next introduced; these in process of time, workmen learned to harden by the addition of some other metal or mineral, which rendered them almost equal in temper to iron.

1786, Francis Grose, Military Antiquities Respecting a History of the English Army, from the Conquest to the Present Time, London: Printed for S. Hooper […], OCLC 745209064; republished as Military Antiquities Respecting a History of the English Army, from the Conquest to the Present Time, volume II, new [2nd] edition with material additions and improvements, London: Printed for T[homas] Egerton, […]; & G. Kearsley, […], 1801, OCLC 435979550, page 262:

And Moses made a brass image of the fiery serpents, and put it up on a pole, where all the people could see it; and when any one was bitten, he could look upon the brazen serpent, and was cured.

1836, [Harvey Newcomb], The Brazen Serpent: Being a Simple Illustration of Faith Drawn from Scripture History. […], Philadelphia, Pa.: American Sunday-School Union, […], →OCLC，第 40–41 頁s:

The women, stout, strong, brazen-faced creatures, in most cases looked able to thrash any of the partners with whom they consorted.

1859年May2日, X. X. X. [pseudonym], “Looking at Lodgings”, 出自 The Ragged School Union Magazine, 第 IX 卷, London: Ragged School Union, […]; Partridge & Co., […], →OCLC，第 91 頁:

Through the brazen hours that followed high noon, we crept onwards through a tunnel of glittering verdure.

And now the Trumpets terribly from far, / With rattling Clangor, rouze the sleepy War. / The Souldiers Shouts succeed the Brazen Sounds, / And Heav'n，源自Pole to Pole, the Noise rebounds.

1697, Virgil; John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. Translated into English Verse; […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 839376905; republished as The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. Translated into English Verse by Mr. Dryden. In Three Volumes, volume III, 5th edition, London: Printed by Jacob Tonson […], 1721, OCLC 181805247, book IX, page 822, lines 667–670:

Often a traveller, when the air is quiet, / Will make the night reverberate with this riot / Of brazen sounds, whose singing cadence swells / The harmony of bleating and lambs' bells.

2001, R[alph] N[ixon] Currey, “The Horn”, 出自 Collected Poems, Oxford: James Currey; Cape Town: David Philip Publishers, →ISBN，第 246 頁:

The giant [Goliath] was thus conquered by the youth [David]; the man-at-arms by the unarmed; the stone of the shepherd pierced the brazen defences of the warrior.

1870, The Sunday at Home: A Family Magazine for Sabbath Reading, 第 XVII 卷, London: Religious Tract Society, →OCLC，第 587 頁:

In the autumn, when a small group of us heard him [Frank Wedekind] read from Heracles, his last work, I was amazed at his brazen energy. For two and a half hours without stopping, without once lowering his voice (and what a strong, brazen voice it was), barely pausing for breath for even a moment between acts, bent motionless over the table, he read – half from memory – those verses wrought in brass, looking deep into the eyes of each of his listeners in turn.

2015, Bertolt Brecht, “Frank Wedekind”, 出自 Brecht on Theatre, 3rd rev. and updated版, London, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN，第 19 頁:

恬不知耻的，厚颜无耻的 （自16世纪70年代）

She was brazen enough to deny stealing the handbag even though she was caught on closed-circuit television doing so.

她脸皮厚到被监控拍到偷手提包了还拒不承认。

He looked at her for a long moment. Slowly, a smile lit in his eyes. "Never a shrew. A fighter and a brazen hussy." / Placing a finger beneath her chin, he tilted her face up. "And, I'd say, you're the only brazen hussy who blushes." / A brazen hussy. She should be offended. But the smile in his eyes, the touch of his finger moving slowly and feather-light from chin to throat and along the sensitive skin of her neck made it impossible to concentrate on rebuke.

1993, Karla Hocker, A Deceitful Heart (Zebra Regency Romance), New York, N.Y.: Zebra Books, Kensington Books, →ISBN:

If one had to lie at all, the brazen lie was better because brazen lies were so outrageous many people failed to question them.

2012, Michelle West, Skirmish: A House War Novel (DAW Books Collectors; no. 1571), New York, N.Y.: DAW Books, →ISBN:


brazen

[...] the meadows roughen, grow gutteral / with goldenrod, milkweed's late-summer lilac, / cat-tails, the wild lily brazening, / dooryards overflowing in late, rough-headed bloom: [...]

1986, Quarterly Journal of Ideology: QJI, 第 10 卷, [Tahlequah, Okla.]: QJI Editorial Board, →ISSN，第 93 頁:

厚着脸皮做 （自16世纪50年代）

And though the word doth eat up all they can ſay, as Moſes rod did: yet they harden their hearts with Pharaoh, they brazen their brows with him in the text, that ſaid I will not: Nay ſaid the Iſraelites, but we will have a King. [Commentary on Matthew 21:29.]

1656, John Trapp, “A Commentary or Exposition upon the Gospel According to St. Matthew”, 出自 A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the New Testament. […], 2nd enlarged版, London: Printed by R. W. and are to be sold by Nath. Ekins, […], →OCLC，第 274 頁:

His impudence is only less than his ignorance, in referring his questioner to [John] Milton, in proof of the scriptural angels being celestial women. That gentleman mildly remarks, "Milton's angels are not Ladies." Instead of blushing, he brazens it out, and replies, "No—but some scriptural angels are Ladies—I believe"—shewing that he is as ignorant of his Bible as of Milton.

1832 November, “Noctes Ambrosianæ. No. LXIV.”, 出自 Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, 第 XXXII 卷, 第 CCI 期, Edinburgh: William Blackwood, […]; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC，第 870 頁:

[T]he historically minded modernist poet is uncertain whether there is any excuse at all for the existence of poets. He brazens out the dilemma by making cruel jokes at his own expense—jokes which he expects no one to see or to laugh at if seen.

1949, Robert Graves, “Modernist Poetry (with Laura Riding, 1926)”, 出自 The Common Asphodel, Collected Essays on Poetry, 1922–1949, London: Hamish Hamilton, →OCLC，第 151 頁:

[...] I've come to rely on a mental technique that I call powering through. [...] It's equivalent to brazening out an awkward social situation—accidentally squeezing the butt of a stranger wearing the same costume as your boyfriend at a Halloween party, say. Powering through or brazening out is almost always what I end up doing, but only after stifling my initial impulse to surrender or sink through the floor.

2007, Jennifer Brice, “Blue Storm”, 出自 Unlearning to Fly, Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN，第 169 頁:

The drivers of the 507s Lost Convoy knew they were in a world of deep fecal matter. Could they brazen a path through the city once more and pick up Route Blue on the other side? Or would this morning's chain of unfortunate events finally catch up with them?

2008, Charles W. Sasser, God in the Foxhole: Inspiring True Stories of Miracles on the Battlefield, New York, N.Y.: Threshold Editions、Simon & Schuster, →ISBN:


Brazilian

/bɹəˈzɪlɪən/

[bɹəˈzɪɫjən]


Brazilian

/bɹəˈzɪlɪən/

[bɹəˈzɪɫjən]


brume

借自法語 brume，源自拉丁語 brūma (“冬至；冬天；冬天的寒冷”)。brūma派生自brevima、brevissima (“最短的”)，brevis (“短暂的”)的最高级（因为每年的冬至日白天最短），最终源自原始印歐語 *mréǵʰus (“短暂的”)。

For, shou'd you come before the Brume's abated / Th' Opime you'd linquish for the Macerated.

1737, François Rabelais, “Book V”, 出自 Peter Anthony Motteux, Sir Thomas Urquhart（譯者）, The Works of Mr. Francois Rabelais […] , 第 2 卷, Navarre Society, 出版於 1921，第 438 頁:

All around their bubble of stupidity I could feel the brume of the dragon.

1972, John Gardner, Grendel, André Deutsch，第 77 頁:


betwixt

源自中古英語 bitwixe，源自古英語 betweox，源自原始日耳曼語 *twiskaz (“两倍”)，源自原始印歐語 *dwís (“两次，两倍”)。字面分析等同於 be- (“在..周围”) + twixt (“在...之间”)。对比薩特弗里斯蘭語 twiske (“在...之间”)、荷蘭語 tussen、德語 zwischen。


bogeyman

/ˈbəʊ.ɡɪˌmæn/

（儿童故事中的）鬼怪，幽灵


boggle

变化或派生自bogle，可能与bug同源。

（使...）僵住，（使...）定住，（使...）退缩

The dogs went on, but the horse boggled at the sudden appearance of the strange beast.

那群狗继续向前冲，但是马看到突然出现的奇怪野兽僵住了。

The horror of the deed and its consequences boggle the imagination.

这种行为和它后果的可怕让想象停了下来。

He boggled at arranging for bread to be left daily at some place within easy walking distance, but let that go.

1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, Sydney: Ure Smith, 出版於 1962，第 18 頁:

He boggled at the surprising news.

他听到了这个让人吃惊的消息愣住了。

The mind boggles.

[…] we start and boggle at what is unusual: and like the Fox in the fable at his first view of the Lyon, we cannot endure the sight of the Bug-bear, Novelty.

1661, Joseph Glanvill, The Vanity of Dogmatizing, London: Henry Eversden, Chapter 14, p. 131,

They are best qualified to thrive in [this world] […] whose designs all tend to their own private advantage, without any regard to the publick, or to the good of others; who can use any means conducible to such designs, bogling at nothing which serveth their purpose […]

1685, Isaac Barrow, Of Contentment, Patience and Resignation to the Will of God. Several Sermons, London: Brabazon Aylmer, Sermon 4, pp. 127-128,

From the tenour of your last letter however, I am led to imagine, that you have formed some new attachment.—If it be so, let me earnestly request you to see me once more, and immediately. This is the only proof I require of the friendship you profess for me. I will then decide, since you boggle about a mere form.

1795, Mary Wollstonecraft, letter to Gilbert Imlay dated 4 October, 1795, in Mary Wollstonecraft: Letters to Imlay, London: Kegan Paul, 1879, p. 182,

My imagination boggled at the punishment I would deserve […]

1969, Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, New York: Bantam, 1971, Chapter 15, p. 82,

使...困惑，使...迷惑

The vastness of space really boggles the mind.

宽敞的空间让人难以置信。

The oddities of quantum mechanics can boggle the minds of students and experienced physicists alike.

量子力学的奇异让学生们，也让经验丰富的物理学家们摸不着头脑。

使...无从下手；含糊其辞；出错，出糗

I would be loth to exchange consciences with them, and boggle so with God Almighty; but these men by a new kind of Metaphysick have found out a way to abstract the Person of the King from his Office to make his Soveraigntie a kinde of Platonick Idea hovering in the aire, while they visibly attempt to assail and destroy his person […]

1643, James Howell, The True Informer, London, p. 32,


boggle

变化或派生自bogle，可能与bug同源。


boggle

变化或派生自bogle，可能与bug同源。


bogus

首个可考书面记载中是一个指假硬币制造机的黑话，后还指这些假硬币。之后其演变为指代劣质物品。最新的词义“没用的”可能派生自计算机黑客俚语。
其词源不详，但目前有两个理论：
* 源自豪薩語 boko (“伪造”)。bogus最初出现于美国，因此可能由奴隶运输船中传播来。
* 为tantrabogus的犯罪黑话缩略形式，该词在19世纪是一个指代危险物品的俚语用词；这一理论让一些人联想到bogy或bogey（见bogeyman）。在这个意义上，本词可能与bogle有关，其指的是苏格兰边境的一种在人家中做恶作剧（但不会给人财产损失）的骗子。

more bogus (comparative)
most bogus (superlative)

illegal

假的 （用于形容欺骗集邮爱好者的印着不存在国家的邮票）

[…] that he and David Whitmer swore falsley, stole, cheated, lied, sold bogus money, (base coin,), and also stones and sand for bogus; that letters in the post-office had been opened, read, and destroyed; and that those same men were concerned with a gang of counterfeiters, coiners, and blacklegs.

1842, Daniel Parish Kidder, Mormonism and the Mormons: A Historical View of the Rise and Progress of the Sect Self-styled Latter-Day Saints, Carlton & Lanahan:

They have printed bogus despatches, and unhesitatingly used what they knew was bogus matter in a way to mislead even newspaper men.

1895, Alphonso Alva Hopkins, Wealth and Waste: The Principles of Political Economy in Their Application to the Present Problems of Labor, Law, and the Liquor Traffic, Funk & Wagnalls Company:

The organization of “bogus companies,” started purely for the purpose of eliminating competitors, seems to have been a not infrequent practice.

1921, Burton J. Hendrick, The Age of Big Business:

What Jefferson was saying was, Hey! You know, we left this England place 'cause it was bogus; so if we don't get some cool rules ourselves - pronto - we'll just be bogus too! Get it?

1982, Cameron Crowe, Fast Times at Ridgemont High, 角色 Jeff Spicoli（Sean Penn）:

假的 （用于形容欺骗集邮爱好者的印着不存在国家的邮票）

Bogus stamps are labels made to deceive stamp collectors. Many bogus stamps were made prior to 1900 when some had names of imaginary countries.

1962, Douglas Patrick, The International Guide to Stamps and Stamp Collecting: Includes the Answers to 1200 Questions Most Often Asked about Stamps:

bogus laws


bogus

（一种朗姆和糖蜜混合的）烈酒

BOGUS. A liquor made of rum and molasses.

1848, John Russell Bartlett, Dictionary of Americanisms: A glossary of words and phrases, usually regarded as peculiar to the United States:

"Calibogus," or "bogus" was cold rum and beer unsweetened.

1919, Harvey Washington Wiley, Beverages and Their Adulteration: Origin, Composition, Manufacture, Natural, Artificial, Fermented, Distilled, Alkaloidal and Fruit Juices:

The American colonists drank rum straight, spiced, or mixed. They combined it with a list of ingredients: rum mixed with hard cider was called stonewall; rum and beer made bogus; rum and molasses made blackstrap.

2014, J. Anne Funderburg, Bootleggers and Beer Barons of the Prohibition Era，第 311 頁:

“Ahem—it is the opinion of the court that the prisoner has been making bogus; so we must put him in the jug until Superior Court.[…]”

1841年December8日, “Western Court Eloquence”, 出自 Carlisle Weekly Herald，第 2 頁:

There is not a merchant in this city but knows this fact, and also that there has been a large quantity of bogus in circulation.

1846, Joseph H. Jackson, The Adventures and Experience of Joseph H. Jackson: Disclosing the Depths of Mormon Villainy Practiced in Nauvoo，第 15 頁:

This being agreed to, they hand the soldier the same number of dollars they received from him—but all counterfeit. This new way of passing bogus they have practised to a considerable extent […]

1848年January26日, C. C., “[Letter]”, 出自 The Washington Union, 出版於 1848年February28日，第 3 頁:

Edward Bonney, a bounty hunter who passed bogus on occasion, claimed to have been working to break up yet another gang operating on the Mississippi with a base at Nauvoo.

1994, John L. Brooke, The Refiner’s Fire: The Making of Mormon Cosmology, 1644–1844, →ISBN，第 269–70 頁s:


penchant

借自法語 penchant，pencher (“偏，倾向”)的现在分词，源自中古法語，源自古法語 pengier (“偏倚”)，源自通俗拉丁語 *pendicāre，派生自拉丁語 pendere (“挂”)。

He has a penchant for fine wine.

Marie even then began the course which, in after-years, secured her so vast an influence in the court,—alternately taking up and laying down her claim to the youthful monarch's penchant; administering to his amusement, and ready to encourage his passing fancies.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 XXII, 出自 Francesca Carrara. […], 第 I 卷, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，第 264 頁:

THE LONDON & NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY. By O. S. Nock. Ian Allan. 30s.
[...] One scarcely imagined, for example, that the great steel works at Crewe owed its existence to Sir Richard Moon's penchant for the principle of "Do it yourself", a principle born of a methodical, economical and far-seeing mind.

1960 October, “New reading on railways”, 出自 Trains Illustrated，第 640 頁:

I said I've got a penchant for smokes and kicking douches in the mouth / Sadly for you my last cigarette's gone out
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2019, Idles, "Never Fight a Man With a Perm", Joy as an Act of Resistance.

Just like Marple, there's a plaque at the London terminus [Paddington] commemorating a fictional character - a polite, friendly little bear from darkest Peru who has a penchant for marmalade sarnies.

2021年September22日, Stephen Roberts, “The writings on the wall...”, 出自 RAIL, 第 940 期，第 74 頁:


portly

portlier (comparative)
portliest (superlative)

His portly middle section, rising beyond like a small hill, heaved rhythmically.

1913, P. G. Wodehouse, 章號 14, 出自 The Little Nugget:

In Heavyweights, Tony Perkis (Ben Stiller) is a fitness guru who installs himself as the über-buff leader of Camp Hope, with the goal of helping portly youngsters shed their saggy stomachs and thunder thighs.

2011年July6日, Nick Carbone, “Top 10 Worst Fictional Camp Counselors”, 出自 Time, retrieved 2014-05-08:

英俊的，潇洒的 （自15世纪）

Portly his person was, and much increast
Through his Heroicke grace and honourable gest.

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book III, Canto II”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

Be studious well to imitate
My portly motion, mien, and gait

1728, Jonathan Swift, A Dialogue between Mad Mullinix and Timothy:


penitence

首次可考于约13世纪，源自中古英語 penitence，源自古法語 penitence，源自拉丁語 paenitentia (“忏悔”)，源自paenitēns (“忏悔的”)，paeniteō (“后悔，忏悔”)的现在主动分词。等价于penitent + -ence。penance 的同源對似詞。


penniless

源自中古英語 penyles、penylees，等价于penny + -less。对比古諾爾斯語 penningalauss (“身无分文的”)。

A dollar and a quarter seems a small sum, but if you are absolutely penniless it might as well be a thousand.

1889, Horatio Alger, Driven From Home, ch. 10:


precipitous

源自法語 précipiteux (现已弃用)，源自通俗拉丁語 *praecipitosus。等价于precipice (“陡峭”) + -ous。

a precipitous cliff

a precipitous mountain

a precipitous decline

a precipitous drop

头朝下的，头朝前的，直直的

a precipitous fall

唐突的，鲁莽的，草率的，突然的，匆忙的

precipitous attempts

[…]humans have been responsible for a precipitous decline of elephants，源自perhaps 300,000 in the early 1970s to some 10,000 today.

2007 March, J. Michael Fay, “Ivory Wars: Last Stand in Zakouma”, 出自 National Geographic，第 46 頁:


boner

（字面意思）負責挑去骨頭的人或物

:Template:舊 錯誤，尤可笑的错误


predicament

源自中古英語 predicament，源自古法語 predicament和中世紀拉丁語 prēdicāmentum，源自晚期拉丁語 praedicāmentum (“分类”)。

Culture, for me, is the effort to provide a coherent set of answers to the existential predicaments that confront all human beings in the passage of their life.

1978, Daniel Bell, The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism，第 xv (20th edition) 頁:

The Midlanders will hope the victory will kickstart a campaign that looked to have hit the buffers, but the sense of trepidation enveloping the Reebok Stadium heading into the new year underlines the seriousness of the predicament facing Owen Coyle's men.

2011年December10日, Marc Higginson, “Bolton 1 - 2 Aston Villa”, 出自 BBC Sport:


postfix

Verbs with י for the first radical, often drop it in the future, imperative, and infinitive of Kal, to which last they postfix ת (לקח to take, follows this form), and in Niph. and Hiph. they change י into ו.

1762, John Parkhurst, An Hebrew and English Lexicon: Without Points


postfix

Two, or three at the very most, of the prefixes or postfixes are quite sufficient for one day's lesson.

1843, George Moody, The English journal of education, volume 1, page 69:

An example of a postfix operator is the ++ notation used in the C programming language to increment the value of a variable.

2006, Patrick Blackburn · Johan Bos · Kristina Striegnitz, Learn Prolog Now!, §9.4


posthaste

源自信件上的指示‘haste, post, haste’（尽快派送），后解读为post + haste的复合词。

It is imperative that you finish your task posthaste.

你需要赶紧完成你的任务。

"Sasi cannot last through the night." These words from his physician, and the spectacle of my friend, now reduced almost to a skeleton, sent me posthaste to Serampore.

1946 — Paramahansa Yogananda, Autobiography of a Yogi, Ch. 17


posthaste

"And this, I take it,

1602 : Hamlet by William Shakespeare, act 1 scene 1 l 103-106


bitch

:< 中古英語 biche、bicche < 古英語 bicce < 原始日耳曼语 *ƀekwjōn（对比古冰岛语 bikkja、bikkjuna （“母狗”）、古丹麦语 bikke） < *ƀekwjenan（对比古诺尔斯语 bikkja （“跳入水中”）、荷兰语 bikken （“弄坏，损毁”）。 另见 bicker。

（自15世纪起）（令人鄙视的）女性，恶女，女的

（自16世纪起）（令人鄙视的）男性，毒男，男的

（与属有代词连用，多在女性间、男同性恋者间及女性和男同性恋者间）朋友，哥们，姐们

（多加 the）在感情关系中，受控制、需服从的一方

（多单）难题，棘手的问题


bitch

（后接 about）贬低，贬斥

（后接 about）批评，挑剔，指责，埋怨，抱怨


predilection

The young King looked tenderly at Mademoiselle Mancini, who gave him a glance quite as tender in return—not, however, unobserved. His mother had been for some time past a displeased spectator of a predilection which might become dangerous.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 XIX, 出自 Francesca Carrara. […], 第 I 卷, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，第 219 頁:

American operating practice aims at the minimum wastage of time by locomotives at water columns and coal stages, and this predilection for shunters with high capacity tenders is thereby explained.

1941 November, “Notes and News: American Tank Locomotives”, 出自 Railway Magazine，第 523 頁:

It was an illusion, of course, generated by Clevinger's predilection for staring fixedly at one side of a question and never seeing the other side at all.

1961年November10日, Joseph Heller, “Lieutenant Scheisskopf”, 出自 Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC，第 66 頁:

The appointment as Member of the B.T.C. with "special responsibility for railway workshops" of Sir Steuart Mitchell is in accordance with Mr. Marples' predilection for non-railwaymen in the highest posts.

1962 April, “Talking of Trains: 源自guided weapons to the B.T.C.”, 出自 Modern Railways，第 221 頁:

A row of houses he regards as a row of necessary evils. The softening and degeneration of the human race he attributes to its progressive predilection for interiors and waning interest in the art of going out and staying there.

1967, Flann O’Brien, The Third Policeman, ch. 2,

But for him the first rule of judging was to set aside personal predilection and vote the law and the facts.

1987, Edwin M. Yoder Jr., "Lewis Powell a Fine Sense of Balance," Washington Post, 29 Jun.,

... youth’s predilection for revolt.

2000, Terry McCarthy, "Lost Generation," Time Asia, 23 Oct.,

Wilson doesn’t see any inconsistency between his socialism and his predilection for the high life.

2001, Marina Cantacuzino, "On deadly ground," The Guardian, 13 Mar.,


posthumous

源自拉丁語 posthumus，postumus的一拼写变体，posterus (“在之后的”)的最高级，因“埋葬”与humus (“地面”)的联想而添加了⟨h⟩。

The most favorable posthumous history the stay-at-home traitor can hope for is—oblivion.

1885, Ulysses S. Grant, “Chapter IV”, 出自 The Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, New York, United States: Charles L. Webster & Co.，第 68 頁:

Artists obscure during their life often receive posthumous recognition, too late for them to enjoy.

一生默默无闻的艺术家常在死后才得到认同，但他们已经无法享受了。

His memoirs were his posthumous revenge on enemies he dared not take on alive.

他死后出版的回忆录是他对在世时不敢动手的敌人的还击。

Eight posthumous albums have been released to date – two more than the man managed in his lifetime – often with conspiracy-baiting titles such as Still I Rise and Tupac Resurrection.

2012年April17日, Alex Macpherson, “Tupac's hologram reflects another milestone in his mythology”, 出自 The Guardian:

遗腹的 （父亲死后出生的）

Posthumous orphans never even knew their fathers.

遗腹的孤儿甚至不认识自己的父亲。


preceptor

源自中古英語 preceptor、preceptur，源自拉丁語 praeceptor (“命令者；指示者”)，源自动词praecipiō + -or (施动者名词后缀)，源自prae- (“预先”) + capiō (“拿，得到，吸收；理解”)。

教师，导师 （自15世纪）

A man who had thought so much on the subjects of language and education was surely no ordinary preceptor.

c. 1793, Edward Gibbon, Memoirs, Penguin 1990, p. 64:

We shall resume our studies later on; but just now I am tired of playing the preceptor; and the eager thirst of my pupils for improvement does not console me for the slowness of their progress.

1905, George Bernard Shaw, The author's apology from Mrs. Warren's Profession，第 61 頁:

圣殿骑士团支部部长 （自15世纪）

（训练学生或护士的）医师 （自19世纪）

同類詞：orientee


playground

人或组织能随心所欲的任何自然的或抽象的空间。


plaza

:< 西班牙語 plaza （“广场，要塞”） < 拉丁語 platea < 古希臘語 πλατεῖα (plateia) —— πλατεῖα ὁδός (plateia hodos)（“康庄大道”）的缩写。

（尤指西班牙语城镇的）露天广场


potable

形容词派生自中古英語 potable (“可饮用的”)，借自中古法語、古法語 potable（现代法語 potable (“可饮用的”)），以及源自其词素晚期拉丁語 pōtābilis (“可饮用的”)，源自拉丁語 pōtāre (“喝”) + -bilis (表示可以或值得对被修饰词施以某种动作的形容词后缀)。 Pōtāre是pōtō (“喝”)的现在主动不定式，源自原始印歐語 *peh₃- (“喝”)。英语词与加泰羅尼亞語 potable、意大利語 potabile、西班牙語 potable同源。
名词派生自形容词形式。

more potable (comparative)
most potable (superlative)


potable

When solar beams / Parch thirsty human veins, the damask'd meads, / Unforc'd display ten thousand painted flow'rs / Useful in potables.


potation

源自中古英語 potacion，源自古法語 potacion，源自拉丁語 pōtātiō。

[…] perhaps his nocturnal potations, prevented him from recognizing accents which were tolerably familiar to him—[…]

1820, 沃尔特·司各特, 章號 VI, 出自 艾凡赫, 第 II 卷, 爱丁堡: […] Archibald Constable and Co.；伦敦：Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC，第 90 頁:

For as this is the Liquor of modern Hiſtorians, nay, perhaps their Muſe, if we may believe the Opinion of Butler, who attributes Inſpiration to Ale, it ought likewiſe to be the Potation of their Readers; ſince every Book ought to be read with the ſame Spirit, and in the ſame Manner, as it is writ.

1749, Henry Fielding, “Containing five Pages of Paper”, 出自 The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史], 第 II 卷, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book IV，第 2 頁:


potshot

（随意的或朝简单目标的）射击

（对简单目标的）批评，抨击，中伤

2018年July26日, Ignatiy Vishnevetsky, “A documentary muckraker takes on the tech sector of health in The Bleeding Edge”, 出自 The Onion AV Club:


potshot

（随意地或朝简单目标）射击


plenilune

拉丁語 plēnilūnium，源自plēnus (“完整的”) + lūna (“月亮”)

And white limbs glitter in the plenilune; / And where a voice more human, more divine, / Commends a brother dead to Proserpine.

1922, Clark Ashton Smith, Desire of Vastness:


peon

源自中古法語 pion、peon与西班牙語 peón的结合，两者均源自晚期拉丁語 pedō、pedōnem (“步兵”)。pawn 的同源對似詞。


power

源自中古英語 power、poer，源自古法語 poeir，源自通俗拉丁語 *potēre，源自拉丁語 possum、posse (“能够”)，见potent。对比法語 pouvoir。取代了古英語原生词汇anweald。

more power to someone, more power to your elbow

powersharing, power-sharing, power sharing

If it is spirits who have power to suffer, it seems they would also have active powers to think and will.

2018, Marilyn McCord Adams, Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God (page 74)

影响力，势力 影响力，控制力

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史], 第 III 卷, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book iii:

“[…] That woman is stark mad, Lord Stranleigh. Her own father recognised it when he bereft her of all power in the great business he founded. […]”

1913, Robert Barr, 章號 4, 出自 Lord Stranleigh Abroad:

Past and future obviously have no reality of their own. Just as the moon has no light of its own, but can only reflect the light of the sun, so are past and future only pale reflections of the light, power, and reality of the eternal present.

影响力，势力 权力，势力

The Party seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power. Not wealth or luxury or long life or happiness: only power, pure power. … We know that no one ever seizes power with the intention of relinquishing it. Power is not a means, it is an end. One does not establish a dictatorship in order to safeguard a revolution; one makes the revolution in order to establish the dictatorship. The object of persecution is persecution. The object of torture is torture. The object of power is power.

1949, Eric Blair, aka George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four

In the face of expanding federal power, California in particular struggled to maintain control over its Chinese population.

It has jailed environmental activists and is planning to limit the power of judicial oversight by handing a state-approved body a monopoly over bringing environmental lawsuits.

2013年August10日, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, 出自 The Economist, 第 408 卷, 第 8848 期:

影响力，势力 政权，当局

影响力，势力 影响力巨大的集体，如强国，大型企业等

Most of the Himalayan rivers have been relatively untouched by dams near their sources. Now the two great Asian powers, India and China, are rushing to harness them as they cut through some of the world's deepest valleys.

2013年August16日, John Vidal, “Dams endanger ecology of Himalayas”, 出自 The Guardian Weekly, 第 189 卷, 第 10 期，第 8 頁:

He needed a lot of power to hit the ball out of the stadium.

他需要很大力量才能将球打出体育馆。

After the pylons collapsed, this town was without power for a few days.

输电塔塌了以后，这个镇子已经停电好几天了。

“My father had ideas about conservation long before the United States took it up.[…]You preserve water in times of flood and freshet to be used for power or for irrigation throughout the year. […]”

[Rural solar plant] schemes are of little help to industry or other heavy users of electricity. Nor is solar power yet as cheap as the grid. For all that, the rapid arrival of electric light to Indian villages is long overdue. When the national grid suffers its next huge outage, as it did in July 2012 when hundreds of millions were left in the dark, look for specks of light in the villages.

2013年July20日, “Out of the gloom”, 出自 The Economist, 第 408 卷, 第 8845 期:

效率，效果 （电的）功率

We need a microscope with higher power.

我们需要一个倍数更高的显微镜。

Don't you mind my snuffling a little—becuz we're in a power of trouble.


power

This CD player is powered by batteries.

这台CD播放器是由电池供电的。

United keeper Edwin van der Sar was the unlikely provider as his clearance found Rooney, who had got ahead of last defender Richard Dunne, and the forward brilliantly controlled a ball coming from over his shoulder before powering a shot past Brad Friedel.

2011年February1日, Mandeep Sanghera, “Man Utd 3 - 1 Aston Villa”, 出自 BBC:

Abdul Sattar Edhi came to Karachi as a poor man from an Indian village in 1947. Starting with a small pharmacy tent, his work rapidly expanded, powered by donations from ordinary citizens.

2017年April6日, Samira Shackle, “On the frontline with Karachi’s ambulance drivers”, 出自 the Guardian:


power

more power (comparative)
most power (superlative)

Check out the POWER Mee Rebus & Lontong in this newly established Nasi Padang coffee shop at Market Street Carpark.

Their performance is very the Power!

2005, Bayya, Bayya Eats ... and Other Stuff:

His hokkien is damn power lah!

2010, Caihong Lim & Kesheng Lim, Footprints All Over: Love, Happiness,Joy:

Eh his soccer skills damn power one.

2015, SGMOJI, Your Ultimate Guide to Locally-Grown Emojis:


phoney

:可能源自 fawney（“骗子用的镀了金的黄铜环”）(1781) < 爱尔兰语 fáinne（“环”）。

phonier (comparative)
phoniest (superlative)


phoney

不诚实的人，冒充的人（或东西），冒牌货


placid

源自法語 placide，源自拉丁語 placidus (“平静的，安稳的”)，源自placeō (“满足，取悦于”)。

placider (comparative)
placidest (superlative)

a placid disposition

a placid lake

April advanced to May: a bright serene May it was; days of blue sky, placid sunshine, and soft western or southern gales filled up its duration.

1847, Charlotte Brontë, 章號 9, 出自 Jane Eyre, HTML版:

The ant has made himself illustrious / Through constant industry industrious. / So what? / Would you be calm and placid / If you were full of formic acid?

1941, Ogden Nash, “The Ant”, 出自 The Face is Familiar, Garden City Publishing Company，第 224 頁:

[I]n the 575 days since [Oscar] Pistorius shot dead his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp, there has been an unseemly scramble to construct revisionist histories, to identify evidence beneath that placid exterior of a pugnacious, hair-trigger personality.

2014年October21日, Oliver Brown, “Oscar Pistorius jailed for five years – sport afforded no protection against his tragic fallibilities: Bladerunner's punishment for killing Reeva Steenkamp is but a frippery when set against the burden that her bereft parents, June and Barry, must carry [print version: No room for sentimentality in this tragedy, 13 September 2014, p. S22]”, 出自 The Daily Telegraph (Sport):


platitude

源自法語 platitude，源自plat (“平的”)，源自通俗拉丁語 *plattus，源自古希臘語 πλᾰτῠ́ς (plătŭ́s)。

Beauty, I suppose, opens the heart, extends the consciousness. It is a platitude, of course.

1918, Algernon Blackwood, 章號 XI, 出自 The Garden of Survival:

Semiramis was the first woman to invent eunuchs and women have had sympathy for them ever since; […] and women can tell them what they can't tell other men. And Ivor, suddenly cheered by laughing at his absurd platitudes, and finding himself by the door, was going from the room.

1922, Michael Arlen, “2/1/2”, 出自 “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:

For most of the past three decades, the natural world was treated almost as an afterthought by world leaders. If discussed at all, it was with platitudes about the need to save polar bears and tigers.

2019年August30日, Jonathan Watts, “Amazon fires show world heading for point of no return, says UN”, 出自 The Guardian:

显而易见的事，不言自明的事 （过于显然而无趣的事）

The synthesis which he helped to effect was so successful that this aspect of his work escaped notice in the last century: all that Britomart stands for was platitude to our fathers. It is platitude no longer.

1963, James R. Kreuzer, Lee Cogan, Modern Writings on Major English Authors, Ardent Media，第 109 頁:

After explaining myself sufficiently, I now offer my own platitude: I believe that the institution of the cabaret has the right to exist only so long as it bears the character of dilettantism and improvisation.

1993, Harold B. Segel, The Vienna Coffeehouse Wits, 1890-1938, Purdue University Press, →ISBN，第 210 頁:

Indeed, in the ownership scenario the idealization is supported in a much thinner manner: we start with a platitude that characterizes individuals as coowners (that they are de facto seen as either property holders themselves or otherwise as […]

2012年September16日, Mathias Risse, On Global Justice, Princeton University Press, →ISBN，第 149 頁:

The former figures the typical prairie landscape-poet who who stops at the correction line (which itself literally denies the platitude of flatness) to notice the ever-present wind.

1992, Ed Jewinski, Andrew Stubbs, The Politics of Art: Eli Mandel's Poetry and Criticism，第 31 頁:

With the photograph, we enter into flat death. One day, leaving one of my classes, someone said to me with disdain, "You talk about death very flatly." — As if the horror of Death were not precisely its platitude!

2001, Elissa Marder, Dead Time: Temporal Disorders in the Wake of Modernity，第 87 頁:

Though we do not have a traditional correspondence theory, which sets up a structural similarity relation between statements and facts, we have the truth of sentences determined by word-to-world relations, in particular, relations between linguistic items and objects. This reflects the platitude behind correspondence, but the Tarskian appartatus gives the platitude more substance.

2013, Ernest Lepore, Kirk Ludwig, A Companion to Donald Davidson:

seemly platitude, flat-footed ordinariness, and well-enacted upper working class respectability cancel out any turpitude, exhilarating tension or satanic glamour a casino might be expected to have.

After a passage of what we feel to be true poetry, there follows, inevitably, a passage of platitude which no critical pre-judgment can force us to admire;

1984, Library of America, Edgar Allan Poe, Gary Richard Thompson, Essays and Reviews，第 71 頁:

Of the true steady-going German nature the bane is, as I remarked, flat commonness; there seems no end to its capacity for platitude; it has neither the quick perception of the Celt to save it from platitude, nor the strenuousness of the Norman;

2001, Daniel R. Davis, Matthew Arnold, On the study of celtic literature，第 127 頁:

More damning, this 'flat-pack kit' causes us to decline into platitude and predictablity, denies us from real political intellectual purchase and, as result, standard theoretical ideas become our ideological comforters.

2014, Hester du Plessis, Jeffrey Sehume, Leonard Martin, Concept and Application of Transdisciplinarity in Intellectual Discourse and Research，第 29 頁:


platitudinous

more platitudinous (comparative)
most platitudinous (superlative)

If [Lord George] Bentinck had been reared for office, if, as Wilberforce recommends, he had been harnessed early to official duty, and if he had been sent into Parliament a platitudinous thing, made up of statistics, red tape and priggishness, like Mr. [Benjamin] Disraeli's Tadpole and Taper, we could well understand his strong mind breaking the thralls of official conventionality, and forcing him to become the man he was, armed at all points, ever ready for attack or defence; […]

1852 March, “Art. II.—Lord George Bentinck. Lord George Bentinck: A Political Biography. By B. Disraeli, Member of Parliament for the County of Buckingham. London: Colburn and Co. 1851. [book review]”, 出自 The Irish Quarterly Review, 第 II 卷, 第 V 期, Dublin: Published by W. B. Kelly, 8, Grafton-Street; London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co.; Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, →OCLC，第 77 頁:

“House Decoration” is written with somewhat less verbosity and with a good deal more taste and common sense. But it is, however detailed in its suggestions, equally platitudinous where it is sensible.

1877 April, “Household Art”, 出自 The Carpet Trade Review. Devoted to the Interest of the Trade in Carpets, Upholstery Goods, Oil Cloths, Paper Hangings, Mattings, Linings, Stair Rods, etc., etc., 第 4 卷, 第 4 期, New York, N.Y.: Thomas A. Kennett, →OCLC，第 46 頁，第 2 列:

As [Charles] de Gaulle's minister, he [André Malraux] was able to visit China in 1965 and to persuade the rather baffled Chinese authorities to grant him an audience with Mao [Zedong]. […] The meeting was brief and platitudinous, but in later accounts […] Malraux turned it into a major summit of great minds.

2005年April10日, Christopher Hitchens, “‘Malraux’: One man’s fate [review of Malraux: A Life (2005) by Olivier Todd]”, 出自 The New York Times:

But surely it is possible for those tasked with ensuring public safety to imagine creative solutions beyond platitudinous expressions of sympathy, extra concrete barriers and additional airport security checks?

2017年August20日, “The Observer view on the attacks in Spain: We must now give into fatalism on terror [editorial]”, 出自 The Observer, London，於2017-09-16歸檔自原頁面:


tart

:可能源自古英語 teart。

tarter (comparative)
tartest (superlative)

（话语等）尖酸的，刻薄的，辛辣的


tart

:< 古法語 tarte （“馅饼”）。


tart

放荡的女人，骚货，娼妓。


tart

（尤指女人）打扮得花枝招展，浓妆艳抹。


Johor

源自馬來語 Johor < 阿拉伯語 جَوْهَر (jawhar) < 古典波斯語 گَوهَر (gawhar)。

柔佛（州名，位於馬來西亞）


jacuzzi

专有商标名Jacuzzi的通用用法。Jacob和James 的同源對似詞。


jacuzzi

专有商标名Jacuzzi的通用用法。Jacob和James 的同源對似詞。

The suite was jacuzzied.

They jacuzzied after a late dinner.

他们吃晚饭吃到很晚，之后去用按摩浴缸了。

He jacuzzied his sore muscles.

他用按摩浴缸来按摩他酸痛的肌肉。


paparazzo

意大利語 paparazzo，源自由费德里柯·费里尼执导的《甜蜜的生活》的一个角色的名字Signor Paparazzo。

/ˌpɑpəˈɹɑtsoʊ/

/ˌpæpəˈɹætsəʊ/

You may decide to shove the lens down the throat of your aggressor, in the style of an aggrieved celebrity seeking primal redress against a mischievous paparazzo; but then again, most ecstatic rituals are pacific in intent and you may find such violence inappropriate.

2005年April30日, Peter Aspden, “Bright Lights, Big Pity”, The Revolver, 出自 FT magazine, 第 № 103 (election special) 期，第 46 頁:


paparazzi

paparazzo的复数形式的重新解读，它才是意大利語的标准单数形。

The job of a paparazzi is, roughly, to ‘reveal the truth’ about the rich and the famous.

1997, Eeva Joniken, Soile Veijola, “The Disoriented Tourist: The Figuration of the Tourist in Contemporary Cultural Critique”, 出自 Touring Cultures: Transformations of Travel and Theory, Routledge, →ISBN，第 46 頁:

A paparazzi is investigating the lives of a Royal couple.

2000, David Naccache, Michael Tunstall, “How to Explain Side-Channel Leakage to Your Kids”, 出自 Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems — CHES 2000, Springer, →ISBN，第 229 頁:

What if someone I know sees me? Or what if a paparazzi is lurking somewhere?

2005, Jude Idada, “Ouch!”, 出自 A Box of Chocolates, Trafford Publishing, →ISBN，第 221 頁:

“Tell Page that PAPARAZZI is here, in my apartment. And then tell her that their offices are right across from us …”

1989, Carol Muske-Dukes, Dear Digby, Viking, →ISBN，第 148 頁:

Rather, the business paparazzi is armoring itself for a backlash campaign against the entrepreneurial big mouths.

2001, Geert Lovink, “The Rise and Fall of Dotcom Mania”, 出自 Dark Fiber: Tracking Critical Internet Culture, MIT Press, 出版於 2002, →ISBN，第 354 頁:

Nelishia—You are a special lady with an enormous heart with skills that are off the chains!!! You go girl!!! A definite multi-tasking Diva!! Get your Chanel shades paparazzi is lurking…lol

2006, Kisha Green, And Even If I Did, iUniverse, →ISBN，第 vi 頁:


paparazzi

請參閲主詞條的词源章節。

A number of paparazzi had gate-crashed, as had a famous tennis-player and a couple of pop-singers.

1985, Francis King, One Is a Wanderer: Selected Stories, Hutchinson, →ISBN，第 312 頁:

A number of paparazzi were there to take pictures, clearly having received a further tip-off about the party’s movements.

2004, Noel Botham, The Murder of Princess Diana, Pinnacle Books, →ISBN，第 168 頁:

“Do you know how many paparazzi stalk those midtown hotels? […]”

2007, Stanley Hart, “Oh, Brother”, 出自 Two Novellas, AuthorHouse, →ISBN，第 99 頁:


tor

（尤指英格兰西南部的）突岩


microalbuminuria

尿微量白蛋白
微量白蛋白尿


United

联合的，来源于unite


Analects

源自理雅各于1861年所著的《论语》译本的翻译标题。“Analects”本身于1658年借自古希臘語 ἀνάλεκτα (análekta, “选出之物”)，源自ἀνα- (ana-, “上”) + λέγειν (légein, “收集”)。对比lecture。


tycoon

借自日語 大君 (taikun, “领主；王子”)，幕府将军的一个名号。与taipan有关，其源自粵語 大班 (daai6 baan1)。

Chairman Yu is a tycoon who owns multiple hotel chains.

Yu主席是一个坐拥多个酒店连锁产业链的巨头。

Dagobert had only one customer, an American who wore square, rimless glasses and a beige suit and looked like a Wall Street tycoon.

1956, Delano Ames, 章號 24, 出自 Crime out of Mind:


成也萧何，败也萧何

*success or failure caused by one/the same person


busses

bus 的複數 (buses的另一種拼寫法)


busses

bus的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式, buses的另一種拼寫法

buss的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


bussed

bus 的過去式和過去分詞

buss 的過去式和過去分詞


bussing

busing的另一種拼寫法


yiff

(獸迷術語，反問形式)有誰想要性交嗎？

(獸迷術語，反問形式)你想要性交嗎？


yiff

(網路厘語)網路性交(cybersex)　指文字上的你來我往，可能是角色扮演遊戲的一環

(網路厘語)在網路聊天室聊天


yiff

(獸迷術語)性的、性感的、搧情的

(獸迷術語)能夠進行性交的

(獸迷術語)有意願性交的


anyway

反正，总之。用来解释某种声明或支持之前的声明。参见anyhow。


sissy

This was all part of football and if any man was such a sissy he could not stand it, then he had better seek the sidelines.

1963, Robert Smith, Pro Football: The History of the Game and the Great Players (page 144)

I realised I still held my normal male clothes and dropped them to the floor under the desk, out of the way. […] Would it hurt? Yes, I knew it would from watching videos of sissies being spanked by their dominant mistresses.

2018, Paul Zante, Sissy Dreams: Motel Sissy (page 4)

sister (“姐姐，妹妹”)之同義詞

Her seven-year-old brother Justin sat on my lap beside her casket. I explained to him why we were staying with his sissy. He wouldn't leave; he stayed, too. He kissed her, touched her hand, told her he would miss her.

2008, Rita T. Kohn, William Lynwood Montell, Always a People: Oral Histories of Contemporary Woodland Indians


sissy

sissier (comparative)
sissiest (superlative)

[…] she’d decided the wrapping paper was too feminine. It had a viney pattern that wasn’t anything sissier than you’d see in the old Arabian Nights illustrations. But Richard might think they were flowers.

2000, Jeffery Deaver, Manhattan Is My Beat, revised版, Bantam Books, →ISBN，第 173 頁:


sissy

多半是拟声词，可能与法語 pipi (“尿”)有关。对比piss; wee-wee。

She has to make. She has to make sissy.

1997, Clark Moustakas, Relationship Play Therapy, →ISBN，第 160 頁:


sissy

Joan recognized her as the girl whose son had sissied on her pants. She was still dabbing at her pantleg with a damp paper towel.

1979, Rhea Kohan, Save Me a Seat, →ISBN，第 25 頁:


ago

:< 中古英语 ago、agon（已过去的）——agon（离，逃，通过）的过去分词 < 古英语 āgān（走开，出去） < 原始日耳曼语 *uz-（出）、*gēnan（走）。 等同于 a- + gone。 同源词有：德语 ergehen（出去，发生，经历）。 另对比古萨克森语 āgangan（路过）、哥特语 (usgaggan)（出去）。


ago

more ago (comparative)
most ago (superlative)


luv

love（爱）的另一种拼写（故意拼错）


luv

luvz
luvs
luving
luvving
luvd
luved
luvved

love（爱）的另一种拼写（故意拼错）


surreptitious

借自拉丁語 surrēptīcius (“鬼鬼祟祟的，秘密的”)，源自surrēpō (“爬，爬过”)。

more surreptitious (comparative)
most surreptitious (superlative)

/ˌsʌɹɪpˈtɪʃəs/

/səˌɹɛpˈtɪʃəs/

/ˌsʌɹəpˈtɪʃəs/

/ˌsɛɹəpˈtɪʃəs/

鬼鬼祟祟的，偷偷摸摸的，悄悄的

He read the letter aloud. Sophia listened with the studied air of one for whom, even in these days, a title possessed some surreptitious allurement.

1922, Ben Travers, 章號 1, 出自 A Cuckoo in the Nest:

It is also worth noting the case law on prisoners' correspondence which establishes that interception of a person's communications need not be surreptitious in order to amount to an interference with respect to Art 8 (1) [ECHR].

1998, Lee A. Bygrave, “Data Protection Pursuant to the Right to Privavy in Human Rights Treaties”, 出自 International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 第 6 卷, 第 3 期，第 260–261 頁s:


iota

来自古希臘語 ἰῶτα (iōta).

約塔，希腊字母表中第九个也是最小的一个字母。

很少量；非常小，微不足道。


squirm

最早记录见于17世纪末叶，词源不详。可能是拟声词，或与worm (“蠕动”)或swarm有关。

fidget

（因尴尬或羞耻而）扭动身子

The prisoner managed to squirm out of the straitjacket.

囚犯扭来扭去，最后把拘束衣挣脱开了。

The Dutchman then missed a retaken second spot-kick, before the Trotters hit back when Daniel Sturridge's shot squirmed under Heurelho Gomes.

2011年February5日, Michael Kevin Darling, “Tottenham 2 - 1 Bolton”, 出自 BBC:

（因尴尬或羞耻而）扭动身子

I recounted the embarrassing story in detail just to watch him squirm.

我一五一十地讲了那件尴尬的事，结果他（尴尬得）坐立不安。

MARIGOLD: Should I tell them I know?

2010, Jeph Jacques, Questionable Content 1686: Twist in the Wind


gerontic

首次出现在19世纪末。源自古希臘語 γέρων (gérōn, “老人”)。

more gerontic (comparative)
most gerontic (superlative)

The gerontic population of the U.S., those of 65 and over, numbered 3.1 million in 1900.

1982, Prisca von Dorotka Bagnell, Gerontology and Geriatrics Collections, Haworth Press, ISBN 0917724534, page 5,

Academic staff from schools of nursing across Australia were asked to contribute information about their current funded research in gerontic nursing, and also to provide their thoughts on what issues future research projects within gerontic nursing should address.

2004, Rhonda Nay, Sally Garratt, Nursing Older People: Issues and Innovations, Elsevier Australia, ISBN 072953751X, page 340,

previously there had been gerontic oligarchy

2003, Maurice Cowling, Religion and Public Doctrine in Modern England, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 052154517X, page 19,

（生物学） 衰老的动物或植物

Then the gerontic or senescent portion is seen, recognizable by an increasing simplicity, comparable to that of the neanic shell but retrogressive rather than progressive in the assumption of characters.

2004, Richa Arora, Encyclopaedia of Evolutionary Biology, Anmol Publications PVT, ISBN 8126115009, page 139,


Neolithic

源自古希臘語 νέος (neos)（“新”） + λίθος (lithos)（“石头”）.

新石器时代

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

Neolit

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

Yngre stenalder

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

neoliittinen

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

新石器時代

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

Neolithicus

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

Neolīts

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

Neolitiku

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

Neolitiċi

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

neolityczny

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的

新石器时代的或与新石器时代相关的


Neolithic

新石器時代，约从公元前8500到4500。


Ucalegon

:< 拉丁语 Ucalegon < 古希腊语 Οὐκαλέγων (Oukalegōn)。

房子着火或被烧毁的邻居。


fast Fourier transform

快速傅里叶变换，是离散傅里叶变换的快速算法。


gangly

ganglier (comparative)
gangliest (superlative)

She was gangly and wild and walked with her wrists turned inside out...

Individuals of this rabbit species tend to be very large (about the size of a beagle dog); they have long ears and long, gangly legs and a very thin fur coats.

2007, Oswald J. Schmitz, Ecology and Ecosystem Conservation，第 34 頁:

[Peter Crouch] The gangly striker played a one-two with Jermaine Pennant as the winger cut in from the right, and although Pennant easily jinked past centre-half Brede Hangeland, he shot narrowly wide of the far post.

2011年October15日, Owen Phillips, “Stoke 2 - 0 Fulham”, 出自 BBC Sport:


fucking

the fucking you get isn't worth the fucking you get

the fucking you get isn't worth the fucking you're going to get

the fucking you get isn't worth the fucking you take

性交 （尤指没有感情的性交）

I got a good fucking out of her, but I doubt we'll have another date.

我幹她幹得很爽，但是估计以后约都不会再约了。

Like the French fool, that wanders up and down

c 1674, John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, A Satyr on Charles II

I took a real fucking on the interest rate for that loan.

那个贷款的利率真是要把我搞死了。


fucking

fecking

他妈的 （语气加强词，一般加强的是整句话的语气，而非仅仅其语法上修饰的成分）

freaking

他妈的 （语气加强词，一般加强的是整句话的语气，而非仅仅其语法上修饰的成分）

frigging

他妈的 （语气加强词，一般加强的是整句话的语气，而非仅仅其语法上修饰的成分）

fuckening

他妈的 （语气加强词，一般加强的是整句话的语气，而非仅仅其语法上修饰的成分）

他妈的 （语气加强词，一般加强的是整句话的语气，而非仅仅其语法上修饰的成分）

No fucking way.

Yeah, she caught my eye, as I walked on by / She could see from my face that I was fucking high

2005, James Blunt （作曲作詞）, “You're Beautiful”, 出自 Back to Bedlam:

“Every time it’s shown, I get e-mail from young guys who want to get it on with me,” she said. “Which is wonderful. I’m seventy-seven fucking years old.”

2006年March6日, Lauren Collins, 引 Harriet Sohmers Zwerling, “Last Bohemians”, 出自 The New Yorker:

Get your fucking car out of the way.

把你的破车开到别的地方去。

Get me off your fucking mailing list.

把我移出你的傻逼邮寄清单

Even when Trump won, Murdoch was unconvinced, reportedly privately calling him a “fucking idiot” following one conversation about immigration.

2022年November10日, Adam Gabbatt, 引 Rupert Murdoch, “Has ‘Trumpty Dumpty’ taken a great fall from Rupert Murdoch’s grace?”, 出自 The Guardian:


fucking

You've never seen a bunch of guys more fucking shocked to lose

2004, Tommy Lee with Anthony Bozza, Tommy Land，第 79 頁:

A bit young to be so cynical and so superior, you may think. My reply is that you should fucking well have been there, and felt it for yourself.

2010, Christopher Hitchens, Hitch-22, Atlantic 2011, p. 81:


Classical Nahuatl

古典納瓦特爾語，墨西哥在西班牙征服期间所讲的纳瓦特尔语变种。


threnody

源自古希臘語 θρηνῳδία (thrēnōidía, “悲傷”)。對比新拉丁語 thrēnōdia。

The fifer actually knew but one tune "The Bonnie Blue Flag"—and did not know that well. But it was all that he had, and he played it with wearisome monotony for every camp call. . . . I never hated any piece of music as I came to hate that threnody of treason.

1879, John McElroy, Andersonville: A Story of Rebel Military Prisons, ch. 44,

This was the boy whose memory lives in the tenderest and most pathetic of Emerson's poems, the "Threnody,"—a lament not unworthy of comparison with Lycidas for dignity.

1885, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Ralph Waldo Emerson, ch. 5,


askance

（扫视） 不赞成地；怀疑地

The scandal of opposition died down, and the stone-carver himself, though the town-folk continued to eye him askance, was able to secure other work through the favor of discriminating patrons.

1932 — Clark Ashton Smith, The Maker of Gargoyles

I glanced askance at this strange creature, and found him watching me with his queer, restless eyes.

1896 — H. G. Wells, The Island of Doctor Moreau, chapter 8

...the head-stones in the grave-yard beneath seemed to be holding themselves askance to keep it out of their faces.

1878 — Henry James, The Europeans, chapter 1


askance

My first thought was, he lied in every word,
That hoary cripple, with malicious eye
Askance to watch the working of his lie

1855 — Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came


eat one's words

eats one's words
eating one's words
ate one's words
eaten one's words

后悔说过的话，承认说过的话是错的

He didn't think I could do it, but I proved him wrong and made him eat his words.

他觉得我做不到，但我证明他错了，让他收回了自己的话。

This time, you have to eat your words, because, like it or not, you lost.

这次你说错了，因为不管你服不服气，你输了。

"Better retract that," she advised, "hadn't you?" "Why should I?" "Because if you're stupid enough to remain in Bombay, I'll make you eat your words one day."

1936, F.J. Thwaites, 章號 II, 出自 The Redemption, Sydney: H. John Edwards，第 16 頁:


tepid

uninterested

不冷不热的，漠然的，没有热情的

lukewarm

不冷不热的，漠然的，没有热情的

I'm drinking a cup of tepid water.

不冷不热的，漠然的，没有热情的

He gave me a tepid response to the proposal.

他给我的提案的回答不冷不热。

The erratic behaviour of Hariri now is largely explained by the fact that his best days may be behind him, given his long absences from the country for security reasons, his declining Saudi business interests, some local challenges to his tepid leadership in recent municipal elections, and his decline in stature in the eyes of his Saudi backers.

2016年October22日, Rami G Khouri, “Lebanese oligarchy preserves its interests once again”, 出自 Aljazeera:


bear in mind

（习语） 记住; 考虑; 注意


NSFW

:Template:網 不适宜工作场所（"Not Safe (or Suitable) For Work;"），即包含成人影像或图片，可能会冒犯到雇主或同事。


beef up

原为大学俚语，源自beef (“肌肉力量”)。

强化，加强，加固 （1941年）

We need to beef up security around the airport.

我们必须加强机场周围的安保。


okey-dokey

对okay的变换与重叠。（20世纪30年代）

好的，没问题 （表示同意的叹词）


no worries

（口语）（澳）没问题，不客气，好的，不用担心


far out

太好了，表示庆祝、高兴、支持


fair enough

（口语）可以接受的，可以考虑的

（口语）还算合理的，正确的


down payment

afbetaling

(法律): 订金,首付,分期付款中的第一次付款

premier acompte

(法律): 订金,首付,分期付款中的第一次付款

versement initial

(法律): 订金,首付,分期付款中的第一次付款

Anzahlung

(法律): 订金,首付,分期付款中的第一次付款

abono inicial

(法律): 订金,首付,分期付款中的第一次付款

boleto

(法律): 订金,首付,分期付款中的第一次付款

cuota inicial

(法律): 订金,首付,分期付款中的第一次付款

enganche

(法律): 订金,首付,分期付款中的第一次付款

entrada

(法律): 订金,首付,分期付款中的第一次付款

inicial

(法律): 订金,首付,分期付款中的第一次付款

pie

(法律): 订金,首付,分期付款中的第一次付款

prima

(法律): 订金,首付,分期付款中的第一次付款

pronto

(法律): 订金,首付,分期付款中的第一次付款

: 订金,首付,分期付款中的第一次付款


eureka

古希臘文εὕρηκα（「我發現了」），εὑρίσκω（「我發現」）的第一人稱單數主動完成指示型態。

意味有著突然的發現的感嘆詞。


Memorial Day

（节日） 亡兵紀念日，又名陣亡將士紀念日，是美國的一個紀念日，於每年5月的最後一個星期一


airdate

（电视或广播节目的）播放日期。


bigtime

more bigtime (comparative)
most bigtime (superlative)

Wait till you see your name in two-foot electrics over the front of every big-time house in the country.

1918, Edna Ferber, “That’s Marriage”, 出自 Cheerful—By Request, Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & Co.，第 169 頁:

Krasnow is a big-time operator; I’ve always been, you might say, in the peanut end of the game.

1954 May, Richard Wilson, “Back to Julie”, 出自 Galaxy Science Fiction, 第 8 卷, 第 2 期，第 69 頁:

'On the level, honey, I have an all-time, big-time need for coffee.'

1959, Marc Brody, Low Dive for Lola，第 i. 9 頁:

Tired of shelling out bigtime bucks to see overpaid major leaguers with underwhelming stats and attitudes to match, baseball fans by the thousands are rediscovering a more relaxed—and cheaper—version of the national pastime: the minor leagues.

1997 July, Jennifer Zajac, “Get some major league fun at Little League dollars”, 出自 Money, 第 26 卷, 第 7 期，第 158 頁:

With a previous conviction in 1954 for receiving tins of corned beef, Betchley was hardly bigtime.

2006年April23日, “A twist in the tale”, 出自 The Observer:


bigtime

This was the first test for that message -- and it failed bigtime.

2018年March15日, Bill Press, “‘Lamb the Sham’ beats ‘Trump the Chump’”, 出自 Chicago Tribune:


bigtime

The Financial News Network’s SCORE program […] hit the bigtime last Monday by offering live coverage of Snow Chief’s victory in the Jersey Derby […]

1986年May30日, Larry Stewart, “It’s Time to Replace the Talking Heads With Racing Cars”, 出自 Los Angeles Times:

Thirty years ago Rob Halford led Judas Priest, and heavy metal itself, out of the Midlands and into the bigtime.

2010年May20日, Roy Wilkinson, “How Judas Priest invented heavy metal”, 出自 The Guardian:


big time

big league

（尤指演艺圈中的）最高名望

major league

（尤指演艺圈中的）最高名望

（尤指演艺圈中的）最高名望

This was a rare whiff of the big-time for a club whose staple diet became top-flight football for so long - the glamour was in short supply, however. Thousands of empty seats and the driving Yorkshire rain saw to that.

2012, Ben Smith, Leeds United 2-1 Everton:


big time

more big time (comparative)
most big time (superlative)

A Wheel of Fortune contestant was about to win a shot at the million dollar grand prize when he bumbled his answer and lost out big time.

2013年September18日, “Wheel of Fortune contestant loses chance at $1 million after mispronouncing a word”, 出自 Daily Mail:

“American doesn’t hedge,” said Seth Kaplan, managing partner for the trade publication Airlines Weekly. “So, they have won big time.”

2015年January28日, Hugo Martin, “American Airlines’ fuel-buying bet pays off in record profit”, 出自 Los Angeles Times:

North Vancouver condo buyers ‘won big time playing the long game’ [title]

2019年December6日, Kerry Gold, “North Vancouver condo buyers ‘won big time playing the long game’”, 出自 The Globe and Mail (Vancouver):

Peterborough United almost missed out on signing star man Ivan Toney, but now they are set to cash in big-time [title]

2020年June22日, Alan Swann, “Peterborough United almost missed out on signing star man Ivan Toney, but now they are set to cash in big-time”, 出自 Peterborough Telegraph:

But on other fronts there’s a clear case for optimism. Science has come to our rescue, big time, with the miraculously fast development of vaccines against the coronavirus.

2021年January1日, Paul Krugman, “Things Will Get Better. Seriously.”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:


d'oh

拟声词。由电视节目辛普森一家（The Simpsons）中的卡通人物霍默·辛普森推广。配音演员丹·卡斯特拉内塔（Dan Castellaneta）表示，他的版本模仿了吉米·芬利森（Jimmy Finlayson）在劳雷尔和哈代（Laurel and Hardy）的电影中发出的拖长的“do-ooo”声音。

表示沮丧或愤怒，尤其是对自己的愚蠢。

—I just paid for our food. —You didn't have to. It's free. —D'oh!

——我剛剛給咱們吃的東西買單了。——不用啊，免費的。——我靠！


to die for

（习语） 非常好；很精致；极佳；特别理想。


adhere

動詞是不及物動詞，但經常帶介詞“to”。


scalar product

数量积；标量积；纯量积；点积


Thus, if you discover a spruce and your name is Engelmann, the tree becomes Picea engelmanni, which is only Engelmann’s spruce in Latin; if you discover a nonmetallic element and name it iodine, you have only called it looking like a violet, by giving it a Greek name for the color of its vapor; if you suffer from pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis, you may be fatally ill, but your disease is being described in a series of classical syllables.

1953: Charlton Grant Laird, Stability of Shortenings in Cereal and Baked Products, p97

b. Pneumoconiosis

1956: Lemuel Clyde McGee, Manual of Industrial Medicine, p82

This time I am going to try to make amends, thus (I hope) avoiding floccinaucinihilipilification.

1958: Peter Pleming, My Aunt’s Rhinoceros: And Other Reflections, p87 (Simon and Schuster)

Speaking of kilometric Filipino words as complained of by both Senator Osias and Mr. Lacuesta, could any term in the national language be more kilometric than the following English terms?
#*:# pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis — which means a form of respiratory disease occurring:Template:SIC specially in miners caused by the inhalation of very fine silicate or quartz dust.

1970: Apolinar B. Parale, The Case for Pilipino, p111 (MCS Enterprises)

Did you know that the longest word in the English language (separate from proper nouns) is a science word? It is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis. This word has 45 letters. Can you figure out what it means? To figure it out, you can approach it the way you approach any word you don’t know. Take the parts of the word you do know and define them one at a time, finally putting the entire word back together. The first part you see above is pneumono, which should remind you of pneumonia, a disease of the lung. Secondly, you should recognize ultra, which means “very”. Next, you will notice the prefix micro, which means “tiny”. Next is the term scopic, which means “to see”. Then you notice the prefix silico, which is like silicon, the natural earth element from which computer chips are made. The next word is volcano, which you are probably familiar with. The last suffix is koniosis, which refers to a disease caused by dust. By taking all these meanings and putting them together, you will now see “disease of the lung, very, tiny, to see, silicon, volcano, disease caused by dust”. With a little work, you should be able to figure out that this is a lung disease caused from breathing in very tiny silicon dust particles, perhaps from an erupting volcano. In other words, it is similar to black lung, a disease coal miners can have.

2005: Dawn M. Hudson, Human Anatomy & Physiology, p23 (Walch Publishing; ISBN 082515510X (10), ISBN 978-0825155109 (13))


etch

源自荷蘭語 etsen (“蚀刻”)，源自德語 ätzen (“蚀刻”)，源自古高地德語 azzon (“使...咬或吃”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *atjaną，*etaną (“吃”)（派生出eat）的使役形式。

刻，给...留下深刻印象

The memory of 9/11 is etched into my mind.

911的记忆刻到了我的心里。


etch

eddish的棄用形式。


spurs

spur 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


byob

bring your own bottle ;bring your own booze自帶啤酒


atomic

adj.
* 原子的
* 极微的, 极小的
* 强大的, 全力以赴的
* 正體: 原子；基元[電子計算機]


Sanskrit

古典借詞，源自梵語 संस्कृत (saṃskṛtá, “完备的，完美的，就绪的”)。

Classical Sanskrit

梵语 （自17世纪10年代）

Vedic Sanskrit

梵语 （自17世纪10年代）

梵语 （自17世纪10年代）


stipend

由中古法語 stipende借入中古英語，源自拉丁語 stipendium (“薪资，薪水”)。

同類詞：pocket money

My stipend for doing public service is barely enough to cover living expenses.

我做公益事业得的津贴勉强够生活开支。


stipend

给...提供薪水，津贴等[自15世纪]

As well as enjoying links in the royal court, he was said to stipend some 200 individuals in the city of Paris to spread favourable news stories about himself.

2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin 2003, p. 122:


EMS

electronics manufacturing service：OEM（original equipment manufacturer）服务的一种。

emergency medical service：向公众提供紧急医疗服务的组织，通常为政府的一部分。


accumulator

*accumulate + -or.
*源自拉丁語 accumulator, accumulo(“堆积”)的代名词形式。

使某物积累起来的人或物。

湿电池（液体蓄电池）。（一種以化學能形式儲存電能，且可重新充電的裝置，包括一個或多個分開的附屬電池）

(赌博) 对连续事件的集体打赌，赌注和奖金都被逐步累积起来。

(机械学)用于解除绳索上的张力的弹性弹簧系统，如在深海疏浚中。

(制造业) 一种装有加压热水的容器，可以释放蒸汽。

(工程学, 水力学) 以加压流体的形式储存释放的液压动力的容器。 (常常在压力下悬浮大罐的流体中)。

(计算机科学)累加器；累積器（计算器或计算机中的一种自动记录器，用于保存计算或数据传输的中间结果）。

(金融)一种衍生合约，卖方承诺以一定的履约价格出售潜在担保品的股票，买方有义务购买。


administrator

管理人员、管理员、管理者、行政人员

擅长管理者、管理能力强者


thorny

多刺的，有棘刺的，長滿荊棘的

棘手的，麻煩的，多障礙的，引起爭議的


espionage

諜報，諜報活動，間諜活動，刺探


tenets

信條，主義，教義，宗旨，原則


electronic mail

* [正:自由軟體]電子郵件
* [简:自由软体]电子邮件
* 简体: 电子邮件[航海科技]
* 正體: 電子郵件[海事]
*電子郵件 [環境]
透過通訊，將一個電腦終端上儲存的資訊或訊息傳遞到另一台電腦。


用于替换單詞中的star/stɑː(ɹ)/或類似的发音。

*t

*fish

(天文学)： ＊：恒星（也作✶或⚹)）


evaporative

more evaporative (comparative)
most evaporative (superlative)


teleconference

远程会议，電傳會議，遠距離會議


calls

call第三人称单数一般现在时形式。


Carrier

阿萨巴斯卡语支中的一种原住民语言，在加拿大有人使用。


Echo

源自古希腊语 Ἠχώ (Ēkhṓ, “声音”)。

（希腊神话）厄科，古希腊神话中的一位山岳神女，被赫拉惩罚，失去了自己的声音而只能模仿别人的声音。


Matrix

源自1999年上映的电影黑客帝国（The Matrix）。

一种由有意识机器创造的，用来征服人类的模拟现实感。

一种被认为对人类具有欺骗性或虚幻性的社会制度或装置。


Monitor

用于一类出版物的名称。如：Christian Science Monitor（基督科学箴言报）。

（共济会）一类非秘密的作品或指示，可能会写作以下的形式："Indiana Monitor and Freemasons' Guide"。


digital frequency synthesizer

数字频率合成器，數位頻率合成器


FCB

FC Barcelona (“巴塞隆納足球俱樂部”)之首字母縮略詞。，來自加泰羅尼亞語 FCB (“Futbol Club Barcelona”)。

FC Bayern Munich (“拜仁慕尼黑足球俱樂部”)之首字母縮略詞。


FOV

field of view (“視野（光學）”)之首字母縮略詞。


holes

hole的第三人称单数一般现在时形式。


ILO

International Labour Organization (“國際勞工組織”)之首字母縮略詞。


aerial

来自拉丁語 āerius，来自古希臘語 ἀέριος (aérios)，来自ἀήρ (aḗr, “空氣”)。

more aerial (comparative)
most aerial (superlative)

/eɪˈɪə.ɹɪ.əl/

/eɪˈɛ.ɹɪ.əl/

空氣的，空中的，架空的，航空的


aerial

/eɪˈɪə.ɹɪ.əl/

/eɪˈɛ.ɹɪ.əl/


approximation

/əˌpɹɒksɪˈmeɪʃn/

/əˌpɹɑksɪˈmeɪʃn/

приближение

將一物拉近一物或改變數值

benaderen

將一物拉近一物或改變數值

schatten

將一物拉近一物或改變數值

lähestyminen

將一物拉近一物或改變數值

arvioiminen

將一物拉近一物或改變數值

rapprochement

將一物拉近一物或改變數值

προσέγγιση

將一物拉近一物或改變數值

approssimazione

將一物拉近一物或改變數值

aproximação

將一物拉近一物或改變數值

aproximare

將一物拉近一物或改變數值

aproximație

將一物拉近一物或改變數值

приближе́ние

將一物拉近一物或改變數值

aproximación

將一物拉近一物或改變數值

將一物拉近另一物，或將數量或數值改變並接近另一特定數量或值的行為，過程或結果。

數學：不精確的解決方案或結果，但足以用作另一明確用途。

醫學：將肌肉組織的邊緣縫合起來的行為。


artificial language

It is theoretically possible that structural ambiguity could be filtered out of natural languages. In (3)-(8) unambiguous paraphrases in English were given; perhaps structurally unambiguous paraphrases in English are always available. But it is unclear whether precise rules could be given which would effect this filtering. One can see why logicians might prefer artificial languages: they are constructed from the ground up in such a way that structural ambiguity is impossible.

2001, Mark Sainsbury, 章號 1, 出自 Logical Forms — An Introduction to Philosophical Logic, 2nd版, Blackwell Publishing, →ISBN, §12，第 48 頁:

The question remains open whether such a result could be achieved merely by tinkering with a natural language, or whether it requires starting from scratch. The idea of starting from scratch, constructing an artificial language constrained only by the demands of logic, has inspired a philosophical tradition (though one whose merits are nowadays being questioned). Russell, for example, coined the expression "philosophical logic" to represent his view that the workings of natural language, and of our thought, could be adequately represented only by an artificial language, the language of his Principia Mathematica.


slosh

The water in his bottle sloshed back and forth as he ran.

他跑步时瓶中的水晃来晃去。

The boy sloshed water over the edge of the bath.

男孩把水晃出了浴缸的边缘。

They were so completely soaked that they sloshed when he walked.

他们浑身湿透，走路都发出啪啦啪啦的声音。

（大声地）倾倒，哗啦哗啦地倒（指液体）

The coffee was nice and hot, so she sloshed some into a cup and went back to her desk.

咖啡做得很好，还很热，她哗啦地倒进一个杯子里，回到她的桌子那。

He really sloshed on the sauce- they were a bit strong for my taste.

The streets were flooded, but they still managed to slosh their way to school.

街上发大水，但他们还是想办法到达了学校。

She greeted me with a bright smile, and said: “Back already? Did you find it?” With a strong effort I mastered my emotion and replied curtly but civilly that the answer was in the negative. “No,” I said, “I did not find it.” “You can't have looked properly.” Again I was compelled to pause and remind myself that an English gentleman does not slosh a sitting redhead, no matter what the provocation.

1960, P. G. Wodehouse, Jeeves in the Offing, chapter VIII:


slosh

一些（液体，比splash多）

Shoes and socks, soaked and frozen in the mud and icy slosh, did little to protect their feet.

2012, Cathy Gohlke, Promise Me This (page 299)

In the Midi, Grenache dominates most of the traditional appellations. Corbières, Minervois, Fitou, Faugères — these were once bywords for rough-and-ready red slosh.

2005, Stuart Walton, Understanding, Choosing, and Enjoying Wine (page 86)

Finally they retired, did you not? said Tetty.
We did indeed, said Goff, we retired to the billiard-room, for a game of slosh.


thesaurus

16世纪，源自拉丁語 thēsaurus，源自古希臘語 θησαυρός (thēsaurós, “仓库，宝藏”)，其当前的英语意是1852年Peter Roget所著Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases出版之后不就产生的。treasure 的同源對似詞。

索引典，同義詞詞典，近義詞詞典（有時也是反義詞詞典）


check out

"Relax," said the night man / "We are programmed to receive / You can check out any time you like / But you can never leave!"

1977, “Hotel California”, 出自 Don Henley, Glenn Frey 作詞, Don Felder 作曲, Hotel California, 演出者 The Eagles:

Be sure to check out of the hotel before noon.

I'm done shopping, so I'll go check out now.

我选好东西了，我要去结账了。

（通过手续留下记录并）借出，取出，领取

He checked his favorite mystery out for the twenty-third time.

这是他第23次[从图书馆]借出他最喜欢的悬疑小说。

The desk clerk checked out the family that had been staying in room 322.

接待员给留在322号房的一家人退房了。

The library assistant was checking people out.

At 9:30 am, 12 inmates were checked out to the dispensary.

2010, Peterson's, Master the Corrections Officer Exam, Peterson's (ISBN 9780768930306), page 9:

检查，打量；核实，观察，调查

He was hanging out at the beach, checking out the young women in bikinis.

他在海滩看穿着比基尼的年轻女性。

He checked out the rumor, and managed to verify that it was true

他调查了那些流言，最后证实了。

Check it out! Best prices in town.

走过路过不要错过！全城最低价。

Check this out! They just arrested the Mayor!

看这个！他们把市长抓了！

获取，检出 （从仓库获取源代码或其他材料，以便修改并交回（check in））

（因失去兴趣而）冷漠地离开，走掉，不再参与，不再合作

The purpose of this exercise was to ignite reactions from students, but over the few years I used it, it backfired, culminating in a situation where I lost a significant number of the white students, who just "checked out" for the rest of the semester.

2010, S. Greggory Johnson III, The Black Professoriat: Negotiating a Habitable Space in the Academy，第 189 頁:

（因紧张等而）僵住，呆住

Even during those years, there would be a lot of times she just checked out. She would be sitting there looking at her nails and she'd just be gone.

2007 Susan Nathiel, Daughters of Madness: Growing Up and Older With a Mentally Ill Mother, p. 42:

Steve: (referring to his girlfriend attempting suicide in front of both of them) Look, I was just an observer.
 Bishop: You haven't answered my question.
 Steve: Well, what do you think?
 Bishop: We'll never know, will we?
 Steve: Well, say I just sat there—or we just sat there—and watched her check out. Think that would have been crazy?

1972, The Mechanic (1972 film), Charles Bronson (as Mr. Bishop), Jan-Michael Vincent (as Steve):

With a bottle full of sleeping pills and a long list of sins

2012, Gwen Sebastian, "Met Him In a Motel Room":

The first two leads check out; I'll assume the third one is also valid.

前两个线索没问题，我认为第三个应该也没问题。

Their stories checked out.

A comparison test was made with this weapon in laboratory. It definitely checks out as the murder gun.

1960, “The Case of the Ill-Fated Faker”, 出自 Perry Mason, 第 4 季数, 第 3 集数:

MySQL checks the validity of the account name and password, and checks whether the connection is coming from a host that's allowed to connect …. If everything checks out, MySQL accepts the connection.

2013, Steve Suehring, Janet Valade, PHP, MySQL, JavaScript & HTML5 All-in-One For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons (ISBN 9781118231340), page 459:


log drum

日誌磁鼓，錄誌磁鼓，记录鼓


coil spring

* 正體: 盤簧[電機工程]


speaks

speak的第三人称单数一般现在时形式。


acknowledged

more acknowledged (comparative)
most acknowledged (superlative)


radio silence

無線電寂靜，停止發報時期

指和另一人溝通換得無回應的結果，如嘗試追求另一名女性而換到寂靜的回應。


STD

std (“标准的”)的另一種寫法


STD

STI

sexually transmitted disease (“性病”)之首字母縮略詞。

Some studies estimate that as many as one out of every two people might contract an STD at some point in their lives.

1999, Dr. Ruth's Pregnancy Guide for Couples: Love, Sex, and Medical Facts, →ISBN:

subscriber trunk dialling 或 subscriber toll dialing (“直拨长途电话”)之首字母縮略詞。


message transfer agent

信息轉送器；訊息傳送代理，消息传送代理


Magyar

:< 匈牙利語 magyar < 原始乌戈尔语 *mańć- （“人”）。


Magyar

:< 匈牙利語 magyar < 原始乌戈尔语 *mańć- （“人”）。

匈牙利的，匈牙利人的，匈牙利语的