hankering

I found that he had dipped a little in chimerical studies and had a hankering after astrology and alchymy.

1840, Washington Irving, The Knight of Malta:

Mike says he even likes to talk to him and run after him, but he has a hankering that Moore should be made an example of.

1849, Currer Bell [筆名; Charlotte Brontë], 章號 1, 出自 Shirley. A Tale. […], 第 (請指定|volume=I、II或III) 卷, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC:

"Some people are fond of a stay-at-home life, but I always had a hankering after adventures."

1904, W. W. Jacobs, 章號 2, 出自 Dialstone Lane:

In other words, some species of human ancestor […] not only had a hankering for meat, which scientists had not expected, but used tools to get it.

2010年August12日, Michael D. Lemonick, “Study: Lucy's Relatives Used Tools to Butcher Meat”, 出自 Time，於2012-09-13歸檔自原頁面:


heavenward

源自中古英語 hevenward、heveneward、hefneward，等价于heaven + -ward。


hanky-panky

可能是羅姆語短语hakk'ni panki (“花招，见不得人的事”)的变体。

诡计，花招，见不得人的事

I think there was some hanky-panky with the last election.

I don't wanna cry / I just wanna hanky panky / Nothing like a good spanky

1990, “Hanky Panky”, 出自 I'm Breathless, 演出者 Madonna:

You're my doll, rock and roll, feel the glamor in pink / Kiss me here, touch me there, hanky-panky

1997, “Barbie Girl”, 出自 Aquarium, 演出者 Aqua:


hapless

more hapless (comparative)
most hapless (superlative)

My dear friend, are you to become that hapless kind of outcast, a champion of lost causes?

The hapless squad, which was outscored 517-268 in 2008, became the first in league history to go 0-16.

2008年December31日, Harriet Barovick, “Detroit The Lost Season”, 出自 Time:

可悲的，可怜的，无助的，悲惨的

Gideon Defoe scripted from his own series-launching comedic book The Pirates! In An Adventure With Scientists, about the adventures of a hapless group of pirates known only by names like The Pirate With The Scarf, The Pirate With Gout, and in the case of their leader, The Pirate Captain.

2012年April26日, Tasha Robinson, “Film: Reviews: The Pirates! Band Of Misfits :”, 出自 The Onion AV Club:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:hapless。


hebe

Hebe (“犹太人”)的另一種寫法


happenstance

by happenstance

Once is happenstance, twice is coincidence, three times is enemy action.

1964, Goldfinger, 角色 James Bond（Sean Connery）:

Dammit, man this is the gift from God / This ain't happenstance

2001, “People Talkin'”, 出自 MTV Unplugged, 演出者 Jay-Z:

the happenstances of life


happy-go-lucky

happy-go-luckier (comparative)
happy-go-luckiest (superlative)

无忧无虑的，乐天的，逍遥自在的

Hill says the shows began to morph from happy-go-lucky, fun series to production-line star-makers, which subconsciously changed the tone of the series: "Reality talent shows made it easier and quicker for audiences to pay to vote for the winner and loser, and to comment positively and negatively on contestants in social media."

2021年September15日, Laura Martin, “How talent shows became TV's most bizarre programmes”, 出自 BBC:


happy-go-lucky

Now, both these kids are your friends, but one is mature and responsible, taking his time to understand what he is doing and why he is doing it, and the other friend is a happy-go-lucky, who just lets things happen to him.

1978, Rita Puttcamp, Operation Bro-kee，第 35 頁:

Sara was presumably the “desperate” girl and Thomas the “happy-go-lucky” who would be vindicated once Sara's baby was born “too soon,” less than nine months after their encounter

2006, Karin Barber, Africa's Hidden Histories: Everyday Literacy and Making the Self:

Suppose our 'happy-go-luckies' get sea sick.

Then we have a new bunch growing up called "casuals". I looked that up in the dictionary and it means happy-go-luckies. The amount for these happy-go-luckies or casuals involves another 25 per cent of the total amount of the item, and we are asked to vote it without any details whatsoever.

1950, Canada. Parliament. House of Commons, Official Report of Debates:


happy-go-lucky

more happy-go-lucky (comparative)
most happy-go-lucky (superlative)

You have nothing to fear ; you have your twenty guineas in your pocket for helping me into my service, and if I get into Mrs. Martha's quarters, you have a hundred more ; if into the widow's, fifty : — happy go lucky !

1731, William Wycherley, Plays Written by Mr. William Wycherley:


hit-and-miss

more hit-and-miss (comparative)
most hit-and-miss (superlative)

His choice of jokes is rather hit-and-miss.

他开的玩笑有时好有时坏。


harass

动词派生自中古法語、古法語 harasser (“使...力竭；折磨，烦扰”)（现代法語 harasser (“使...力竭”)），可能源自古法語 harer (“放狗追”)，源自古法蘭克語 *hara (“此处，到这里”, 命令狗攻击的指令)，源自原始日耳曼語 *hē₂r (“这里”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *ḱe (“这里；这个”) + *ís (“那个，那位”) + *-r。
名词派生自动词。

don't ask, don't tell, don't harass, don't pursue

烦扰，骚扰，纠缠 （法律上的）频繁，再三地骚扰

For it is a stout calf, ripe for the temples and altar [to be sacrificed], and to be sprinkled with wine; who is now ashamed to draw the dugs of his mother, and who harasseth the oaks with his budding horn.

1829, Juvenal, “Satire XII”, 出自 William Smart（譯者）, Juvenal and Persius, Literally Translated for the Use of Students, London: […] [Richard Gilbert] for Whittaker, Treacher, & Co. […], →OCLC，第 125 頁:

Some who dwell in wildernesses, / who seek and occupy, by their own wills, homes in dark caverns, these await / the heavenly dwelling-place; he who grudgeth them life, / oft bringeth hateful terror upon them; / sometimes he showeth them horror, sometimes vain glory; / the wily murderer hath power of both, / and harasseth these lonely-dwellers; […]

1895, “Saint Guthlac. A.”, 出自 Israel Gollancz 編, The Exeter Book, an Anthology of Anglo-Saxon Poetry […], part I (Poems I–VIII), London: [F]or the Early English Text Society, by Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., […], →OCLC, part I，第 109 頁，第 81–88 行s:

给...负担，使...紧张

To harass good people is no different than speaking ill of them.

The ſoul that dies this death, is like a loving wife matched with a rigorous huſband: ſhe does what ſhe can to pleaſe him, yet he is never pleaſed; but toſſeth, haraſſeth, and beats her, till ſhe break her heart, and death ſets her free: […]

1761, Thomas Boston, “State II. Namely, the State of Nature or of Entire Depravation. Head I. The Sinfulness of Man’s Natural State. [Of the Corruption of the Will.]”, 出自 Human Nature in Its Four-fold State […], 12th版, Edinburgh: […] David Gray […], →OCLC，第 80 頁:

He, who harasseth his household, shall inherit the wind; / And the fool shall be the servant of the wise in heart.

1831, William French and George Skinner（譯者）, A New Translation of the Proverbs of Solomon from the Original Hebrew […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] J. Smith printer to the University; London: John Murray […], →OCLC, Proverbs XI:29，第 37 頁:

Zeal without judgment is an evil, though it be zeal unto good; / […] / By a shoulder to the wheel downhill harasseth the labouring beast, / And where an obstruction were needed, will harm by an ill judged thrusting-on.

1839, Martin F[arquhar] Tupper, “Of Discretion”, 出自 Proverbial Philosophy: A Book of Thoughts and Arguments, Originally Treated, 3rd版, London: Joseph Rickerby, […], →OCLC，第 147–148 頁s:

The tradition of this Yoga has now for a long time been broken here, O Arjuna, who harassest thy foes, like the sun, by the heat of thy prowess.

1897, “Fourth Discourse. Jnana-Yoga.”, 出自 Alladi Mahadeva Sastry（譯者）, The Bhagavad Gita with the Commentary of Sri Sankaracharya […], 7th版, Madras, Tamil Nadu: Samata Books, 出版於 1977, →OCLC，第 119 頁:

使...筋疲力竭，使...劳累不堪

As the waters wear to pieces the stones, / As their overflowings sweep the soil from the land,— / So consumest thou the hope of man; / Thou harassest him continually till he perish; / Thou weariest out his frame, and despatchest him.

1812, John Mason Good, “Part II. First Series of Controversy.”, 出自 The Book of Job, Literally Translated from the Original Hebrew, and Restored to Its Natural Arrangement: […], London: […] [F]or Black, Parry, and Co. […], by R. Watts, Broxbourn Press, →OCLC, Job XIV:19–20:

'[T]is true, that he neither harasseth his vassals from morn to eve by hard labour and exaction, nor committeth them to the dungeon, when they can no longer work nor pay. But to knights of our calling, Monsieur Robichon, he is as ill disposed as the worst of them:— […]

1825, Jedediah Cleishbotham [pseudonym], “Substance of Some Traditions Respecting Grimmfer the Wizard”, 出自 New Landlord’s Tales; or, Jedediah in the South. […], 第 II 卷, London: […] [S. Gosnell] for T[homas] Hookham, […], →OCLC, chapter I，第 126–127 頁s:


harass

Mean while the men of Judah to prevent / The harraſs of thir Land, beſet me round; […]

1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, 出自 Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, 倫敦: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC，第 22 頁，第 257–258 行s:


hit-or-miss

质量不稳定的，时好时坏的，拿不准的，有可能成功有可能失败的


hitch

可能源自中古英語 hicchen、hytchen、icchen (“猛地移动”)，词源不详，其他语言中难以找到同源词。对比itch、hike。

（将绳子接到物体上的）绳结

His truck sported a heavy-duty hitch for his boat.

The banquet went off without a hitch

The service operated according to plan on the Monday morning with only a few hitches.

1961 July, “Glasgow emergency - the restoration of Clydeside steam suburban services”, 出自 Trains Illustrated，第 432 頁:

Over the next week, the hitch in my dad's stride eased a bit. But we'd run out of things to talk about.

2008 October, Davy Rothbart, “How I caught up with dad”, 出自 Men's Health, 第 23 卷, 第 8 期, →ISSN，第 110 頁:

The deal sounds too good to be true. What's the hitch?

这生意好得不像真的。那么条件是什么呢？

She served two hitches in Vietnam.

U.S. TROOPS FACE LONGER ARMY HITCH; SOLDIERS BOUND FOR IRAQ, ... WILL BE RETAINED

2004, June 3, Stephen J. Hedges & Mike Dorning, Chicago Tribune; Orlando Sentinel; page pg. A.1


hitch

She hitched her jeans up and then tightened her belt.

她把牛仔裤一把扯上来，然后系上皮带。

He hitched the bedroll to his backpack and went camping.

他把铺盖卷固定到背包上，然后去露营了。

Philander went into the next room, which was just a lean-to hitched on to the end of the shanty, and came back with a salt mackerel that dripped brine like a rainstorm. Then he put the coffee pot on the stove and rummaged out a loaf of dry bread and some hardtack.

1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, 章號 8, 出自 Mr. Pratt's Patients:

The company has hitched its future to artificial intelligence — whether with its voice-enabled digital assistant or its automated placement of advertising for marketers — as the breakthrough technology to make the next generation of services and devices smarter and more capable.

2020年December3日, Cade Metz, Daisuke Wakabayashi, “Google Researcher Says She Was Fired Over Paper Highlighting Bias in A.I.”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:

hitchhike 的截斷形式，搭便车

to hitch a ride

Frank’s breath hitched in his throat when he saw the knife being pointed at him.

Frank看到刀对着他的时候，他的呼吸在喉咙中开始变得不畅。

绊到 （指马走路时双腿撞到）

Stolen[…]A brown Gelding[…]all his paces, and hitches a little in his pace.


hitherto

[ˈhɪðəˌtʰuː]

[ˌhɪðəˈtʰuː]

The exhaustless conjecturings of that evening's full conversation, made such of the small party, as had hitherto been strangers, well acquainted with each other's turn of mind[…]

1830, Anna Maria Porter, The Barony, 第 3 卷，第 460 頁:

The results of this study argue for a greater endonormativity in Indian English than has hitherto been recognised.

2014, James Lambert, “Diachronic stability in Indian English lexis”, 出自 World Englishes，第 124 頁:

North of Tain [...], the line reaches the southern shore of Dornoch Firth. Here, the railway and the A9 trunk road, which have hitherto run close together, diverge.

2021年October20日, Paul Stephen, “Leisure and pleasure on the Far North Line”, 出自 RAIL, 第 942 期，第 49 頁:


heedless

more heedless (comparative)
most heedless (superlative)

Sing we joyous, all together, heedless of the wind and weather.

我们一齐欢快地歌唱，毫不在意狂风暴雨。

"A fine man, that Dunwody, yonder," commented the young captain, as they parted, and as he turned to his prisoner. "We'll see him on in Washington some day. He is strengthening his forces now against Mr. Benton out there. A strong man—a strong one; and a heedless."

1910, Emerson Hough, “The Gateway, and Some who Passed”, 出自 The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC，第 21 頁:


hoary

hoarier (comparative)
hoariest (superlative)

the old man bowed his hoary head in acquiescence

较短、密、灰白的茸毛；灰白的。

发霉的; 生苔的; 陈旧的。


hobnob

源自hob and nob、hob or nob (干杯时所喊出的一个短语，可能意为give and take，指轮流干杯或轮流买酒，现已古旧)，源自方言词hab nab (“有或没有，指去喝酒的邀请”)，源自古英語 habban (“拥有”)（最终源自原始印歐語 *keh₂p- (“拿，掠”)） + nabban (“没有”)（源自ne（最终源自原始印歐語 *ne (“不，否”)） + habban）。

With a hob-nob, and a merry go-round, / We'll pull in ere reason fail; / For the stoutest man in the kingdom found, / Must knock under to humming ale.

1823, Jon Bee [pseudonym; John Badcock], “Hob-nob”, 出自 Slang. A Dictionary of the Turf, the Ring, the Chase, the Pit, of Bon-ton, and the Varieties of Life, Forming the Completest and Most Authentic Lexicon Balatronicum hitherto Offered to the Notice of the Sporting World, [...], London: Printed for T. Hughes, 35, Ludgate-Street, →OCLC，第 97 頁:

A prologue of cherry bounce,—brandy,—preceded the entertainment, which was enlivened by hob-nobs and joyous toasts.

1870 May, “Irish Life”, 出自 The Saint Pauls Magazine, 第 VI 卷, London: Strahan & Co., publishers, 56, Ludgate Hill, →OCLC，第 203 頁:

The three friends had a hobnob outside the bar.

The American people are largely under the influence of animal magnetism. Whether they are drawn to the levée of a Tom Thumb or to a hobnob with the Russians, the safety-valves of their joyous feelings are sure to be opened when the Stars and Stripes flaunt over their churches, public buildings, and private dwellings.

1865, [James Dawson Burn], “The Cities of America—New York”, 出自 Three Years among the Working-classes in the United States during the War, London: Smith, Elder and Co., 65, Cornhill, →OCLC，第 117 頁:

[T]he musical and dramatic critiques in our daily papers are dishonest, shameful, utterly unworthy, and a scandal to journalism and Ireland! Praise is lavishly dispensed because the system pays, […] 'A full house' on Saturday will procure a longer advertisement on Monday morning, another 'free pass' all round, and a hobnob perhaps with Signor, Senora, Herr Bugle, Madame, or Madamoiselle.

1873年February1日, “Waifs [from the Irish Builder]”, 出自 The Musical World, 第 51 卷, 第 5 期, London: Published by Duncan Davison & Co., 244, Regent Street, →OCLC，第 69 頁，第 2 列:


hobnob

Many a glass of wine have we all of us drank, I have very little doubt, hob-and-nobbing with the hospitable giver, and wondering how the deuce he paid for it.

[1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, “How to Live Well on Nothing a-Year”, 出自 Vanity Fair. A Novel without a Hero, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], 出版於 1848, →OCLC，第 322 頁:

When the dinner was a little forward, and time for wine came, the Emperor fills his own cup—fills the Empress's—fills St. Martin [of Tours]'s,—affectionately hobnobs with St. Martin. […] St. Martin looks round, first, deliberately;—becomes aware of a tatterdemalion and thirsty-looking soul of a beggar at his chair side, who has managed to get his cup filled somehow, also—by a charitable lacquey. St. Martin turns his back on the Empress, and hobnobs with him!

1884, John Ruskin, “By the Rivers of Waters”, 出自 “Our Fathers Have Told Us.”: Sketches of the History of Christendom for Boys and Girls who have been Held at Its Fonts, part I (The Bible of Amiens), Orpington, Kent: George Allen, →OCLC，第 30–31 頁s:

巴结，与...亲近 （有权势的人）

The ambitious young student hobnobbed with the faculty at the prestigious college he hoped to attend.

那位野心勃勃的年轻学生巴结上了他想上的名牌大学的老师。

His favorite spot in the club was the bar, where he could hobnob with the big-wigs.

Here, over fiery "monaghahela," Jean Batiste, the sallow half-breed voyageur from the north—and who, deserting the service of the "North West" (the Hudson's Bay Company), has come down the Mississippi, from the "Falls," to try the sweets and the liberty of "free" trapping—hobnobs with a stalwart leather-clad "boy," just returned from trapping on the waters of Grand River, on the western side the mountains, who interlards his mountain jargon with Spanish words picked up in Taos and California.

1849, George Frederick Ruxton, 章號 III, 出自 Life in the Far West (Plains and Rockies; 175), Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC，第 71 頁:

Well, you know all about how we dine, and assume, as you may, that we never ate more heartily, hob[-]nobbed more cordially, or interchanged with more frankness and sincerity all the affectionate social amenities which flow from a community of feeling amongst men who are bound together by the great bond of intellectual citizenship, members of the great "mysteries" of knowledge.

1853 October, Jonathan Freke Slingsby [pseudonym; John Francis Waller], “A Night with the Mystics”, 出自 The Dublin University Magazine, a Literary and Political Journal, 第 XLII 卷, 第 CCL 號, Dublin: James McGlashan, 50 Upper Sackville-Street; London: W[illia]m S[omerville] Orr and Company, →OCLC，第 495 頁:

A man who never misused his time here; a Fellow of his Colleges, M.A., Lecturer, Don; […] my name, alas is not upon the board—my poverty, indeed, not will, prevented it, and so beneath his wing I dine at the "high table" with the reverend deans, and hobnob with professors.

1855, “Back at Trinity”, 出自 Charles Dickens 編, Household Words. A Weekly Journal, 第 XI 卷, 第 22 (275 overall) 期, New York, N.Y.: J. A. Dix, publisher, office, No. 10, Park Place, →OCLC，第 521 頁，第 1 列:

But it must be in solitude. I do not need or desire to hobnob artificially with other old men in order to revisit them in their salad days, and to renew my own.

1952 May, George Santayana, “I Like to Be a Stranger”, 出自 The Atlantic:

We are Sanctified Brethren, […] whom God has chosen to place in Lake Wobegon, Minnesota, a town of about twelve hundred in the center of the state, populated by German Catholics and Norwegian Lutherans, whom Scripture tells us to keep clear of, holding fast to the Principle of Separation[…], which is not such a big problem for my people, because we are standoffish by nature and not given to hobnobbing with strangers. Separation is the exact right Principle for us.

2001, Garrison Keillor, “A Summer Night”, 出自 Lake Wobegon Summer 1956, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, →ISBN:

[A] club that has earned the right to aspire to hobnobbing with European competitors could find itself brawling against relegation.

2017年October14日, Paul Doyle, “Mauricio Pellegrino yet to find attacking solution for stuttering Southampton: Nothing so far this season suggests the Argentinian will be more successful than Claude Puel in finding the answer to the club’s continuing lack of firepower”, 出自 The Guardian, London，於2017-11-10歸檔自原頁面:

He is knight dubb'd with vnhatche'd Rapier, and on carpet conſideration, but he is a diuell in priuate brall, soules and bodies hath he diuorc'd three, and his incenſement at this moment is ſo implacable, that ſatisfaction can be none, but by pangs of death and ſepulcher: Hob, nob, is his word: giu't or take't.

c. 1601–1602 （写稿日期）, 威廉·莎士比亚, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will [第十二夜]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio（第一对开本）), 伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard和Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]，第 269 頁:

互相碰杯 （自19世纪初叶）

I have frequently heard one gentleman, in company, say to another, will you hob-nob with me? When this challenge was accepted, the glasses were instantly filled, and then they made the glasses touch or kiss each other. This gentle striking of the drinking vessels I always supposed explained the term hob-nob.

1828, [William Carr], “[A Glossary of the Craven Dialect.] HOB-NOB”, 出自 The Dialect of Craven, in the West-riding of the County of York, with a Copious Glossary, Illustrated by Authorities from Ancient English and Scotting Writers, and Exemplified by Two Familiar Dialogues. By a Native of Craven. In Two Volumes, 2nd much enlarged版, 第 I 卷, London: Printed for W[illia]m Crofts, 59, Carley-Street, Lincoln's Inn; Leeds: Robinson and Hernaman, →OCLC，第 229 頁:


hobnob

随机地，随便地，碰运气地


heretofore

源自中古英語 heretoforn，等价于here (“这里”) + toforn (“之前”)，源自古英語 toforan (“之前”)。还见here、tofore。

/ˌhɪətəˈfɔː/

/ˌhɪətʊˈfɔː/

/ˌhɪətəˈfɔə/

/ˌhɪətʊˈfɔə/

We now make available these works which were heretofore unpublished.

我们将发布这些迄今都未出版过的作品。

有關本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:heretofore。

The Permanent Way: Britain's Railroads in the Making. By Horace Greenleaf and G. Tyers. […]There is no doubt that the permanent way has failed heretofore to attract popular interest to an extent comparable with its importance, but possibly the publicity given recently to various forms of experiment is tending to change this.

1948 September and October, “Railway Literature”, 出自 Railway Magazine，第 351 頁:

同類詞：hereinelsewhere

heretofore referred to as

heretofore mentioned


holler

field holler

田间劳作歌 （历史上黑人奴隶在田间劳动时唱的歌）

field call

田间劳作歌 （历史上黑人奴隶在田间劳动时唱的歌）

I heard a holler from over the fence.

我听到围栏另一边谁喊了一声。

If you need anything, just give me a holler.

你有什么需要的话喊我一声就行。

田间劳作歌 （历史上黑人奴隶在田间劳动时唱的歌）


holler

You can holler at your computer as much as you want, but it won't help anything.

你对电脑喊破嗓子，也不会有一点用的。


holler

hollow (“山间的小峡谷”)的另一種寫法


holler

hollow的另一種寫法。

the holler tree


hell-bent

源自hell (“拼命，不顾一切，非常”) + bent (“固执的，执着的”)。

more hell-bent (comparative)
most hell-bent (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-hell-bent.wav

dead set

(原為美國，非正式，及物带 on) 执著的，顽固的，不顾一切的，拼命的

(原為美國，非正式，及物带 on) 执著的，顽固的，不顾一切的，拼命的

He was hell-bent on coming first, no matter what.

他无论如何总是执著于冲在最前面


heterochromia

异色症； 瞳孔异色症，异瞳


homely

源自中古英語 homly、hoomly、hamely (“家庭的，熟悉的，平常的”)，源自古英語 *hāmlīc (“家的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *haimalīk (“家的”)，等价于home + -ly。同源词包括低地蘇格蘭語 hamely (“个人的，私人的”)、西弗里斯蘭語 heimelik、荷蘭語 heimelijk (“秘密的，暗中的”)、德語 heimlich (“秘密的，暗中的”)、丹麥語 hemmelig (“秘密的”)、瑞典語 hemlig (“秘密的，掩盖的”)、法羅語 heimligur (“像家的”)、冰島語 heimlegur (“家里的；平常的”)。

homelier (comparative)
more homely (comparative)
homeliest (superlative)
most homely (superlative)

家的，像家的，合适家的，像家一样舒服的 （自14世纪初叶）

An interesting illustration of this is the way in which the English flower names which were in use till very recently are being ousted by Greek ones, snapdragon becoming antirrhinum, forget-me-not becoming myosotis, etc. It is hard to see any practical reason for this change of fashion: it is probably due to an instinctive turning-away from the more homely word and a vague feeling that the Greek word is scientific.

1946, George Orwell, Politics and the English Language:

Mowgli: "Oh, don't worry Chota, it may not be homely, but I can warm it up."

2014年January5日, “Mowgli's Cub”, 出自 The Jungle Book:

"I can't send a young, pretty girl, or for that matter even a homely one if you'd have her, on a job like this without telling her what to expect."

1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, 出版於 1965，第 6 頁:

You see, she sees herself as a starlet; I see her as a sturdy, healthy but decidedly homely kid.

1958, Vladimir Nabokov, 章號 15, 出自 Lolita:

With all these men I was right homely, and communed with them long and oft.

1563, John Foxe, Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Chapter on William Thorpe:

友好的，友善的，平易近人的

I am seeking a beautiful homely girl for marriage.

我想找一个注重家庭的女子结婚。

简易的，平常的，朴实无华的 （自14世纪末叶）

a homely garment

homely fare

homely manners

Now Strephon daily entertains
 His Chloe in the homeliest strains.

1731, Alexander Pope, Strephon and Chloe, Lines 211-212:

There is no simple way to define precisely a complex arrangement of parts, however homely the object may appear to be.

2001, Sydney I. Landau, Dictionaries: The Art and Craft of Lexicography, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN，第 167 頁:


honourably

more honourably (comparative)
most honourably (superlative)


hoodwink

动词派生自hood (“兜帽，风帽”) + wink (“闭眼”)。
名词派生自动词。

用兜帽等盖住...的眼睛；蒙住...的眼睛 （自16世纪中叶）

For, (having many times torne the vaile of modestie) it seemed, for a laste delight, that she delighted in infamy: which often she had used to her husbands shame, filling all mens eares (but his) with reproch; while he (hoodwinkt with kindnes) lest of all mẽ [men] knew who strake him.

c. 1580, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “[The Second Booke] Chapter 20”, 出自 The Covntesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, 出版於 1590, →OCLC; republished in Albert Feuillerat 編, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia (Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney; I), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1912, →OCLC，第 278–279 頁s:

The earth is given over into the hand of the Wicked One, / Who hoodwinketh the faces of its judges. / If this be not so, where, who is HE?

1871, “Reply of Job to the First Speech of Bildad”, 出自 John Noble Coleman（譯者）, The Poem of Job: The Most Ancient Book in the Universe: The First Written Revelation which God Vouchsafed to Man. […], 2nd版, […] [T[homas] and A[rchibald] Constable at the Edinburgh University Press] for private circulation, →OCLC, chapter IX, verse 24，第 27 頁:

[L]ocal prophecy declares on Merlin's authority that when the tree falls Carmarthen will fall with it. Perhaps through an unconscious desire on the part of some patriotic citizens of averting the calamity by inducing the tree-spirit to transfer its abode, or else by otherwise hoodwinking the tree-spirit into forgetting that Merlin's Oak is dead, a vigorous and now flourishing young oak has been planted so directly beside it that its foliage embraces it.

1911, W[alter] Y[eeling] Evans-Wentz, “The Testimony of Paganism”, 出自 The Fairy-faith in Celtic Countries, London, New York, N.Y.: Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press, →OCLC, section III (The Cult of Gods, Spirits, Fairies, and the Dead)，第 435 頁:

Ex-King Constantine would be regarded as an apt disciple so long as he succeeded in his purpose of hoodwinking the Allies.

1917年September21日, “The Greek White Book”, 出自 The Near East: A Weekly Review of Oriental Politics, Literature, Finance, and Commerce, 第 XIII 卷, 第 333 期, London: The Near East Editorial and Publishing Offices, →OCLC，第 410 頁，第 1 列:

Can't the New York myth be exploded before Mr. De Sapio [i.e, Carmine DeSapio] hoodwinks Mr. [William Averell] Harriman and the Democratic Party?

1955年November7日, Russell C. Stroup, “Native Sons [letter]”, 出自 Henry R[obinson] Luce 編, Time, 第 LXVI 卷, 第 19 期, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC，第 10 頁，第 2 列:

Is it funny in the novel [The Horse’s Mouth (1944) by Joyce Cary] to hear Gulley tell about hoodwinking his former or prospective rich patrons with absurd pranks?

1959 January, Parker Tyler, “Has the Horse’s Mouth a Gold Tooth?”, 出自 Albert Frankfurter 編, ARTnews, 第 57 卷, 第 9 期, New York, N.Y.: Art Foundation Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，第 38 頁，第 2 列:

As his correspondence with successive aristocratic First Lords of the Admiralty reveals, he was both unctuously deferential in his dealings with his official and social superiors, and capable sometimes of hoodwinking them.

2007, Linda Colley, “Out of the Caribbean”, 出自 The Ordeal of Elizabeth Marsh: How a Remarkable Woman Crossed Seas and Empires to Become a Part of World History, London: Harper Perennial, 出版於 2008, →ISBN，第 39 頁:

In the absence of enforcement, many liurai decided to sell the coffee beans and to pocket the profits. To claw back the money, the Portuguese hired the warriors of a nearby liurai as tax collectors. This itself proved hardly a fail-safe strategy as, on many occasions, the liurai who were sent out to get the money hoodwinked the Portuguese and also kept the stash.

2013, Gordon [Patrick] Peake, “The Portuguese Monument”, 出自 Beloved Land: Stories, Struggles, and Secrets from Timor-Leste, Brunswick, Vic., London: Scribe Publications, →ISBN，第 21 頁:

The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be gagged, and reason to be hoodwinked—when the harp of the poet was to be hung on the willows of Arno, and the right hand of the painter to forget its cunning.

1827 March, [Thomas Babington Macaulay], “Art. I. Œuvres complétes de Machiavel, traduites par J. V. Perier. Paris, 1825. [book review]”, 出自 The Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal, 第 XLV 卷, 第 XC 期, Edinburgh: […] [T]he heirs of D. Willison, for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, […]; and Adam Black, […], →OCLC，第 285 頁:


horticulture

17世纪，源自拉丁語 hortus (“花园”) + culture（仿照agriculture）。


housewarming

In the eyes of Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke the apotheosis of the Celebrity was complete. The people of Asquith were not only willing to attend the house-warming, but had been worked up to the pitch of eagerness.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年）, Winston Churchill, 章號 5, 出自 The Celebrity: An Episode, 紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

a housewarming gift

They had their first argument on the evening Gadney moved in, their housewarming spat, he later called it.

2004, Jacob M Appel, “Gadney's Immunity”, 出自 Southwest Review, 第 89 卷, 第 4 期，第 580 頁:

Fortunately, Dave had left them a packet of rollie tobacco and papers for a housewarming


irascible

源自中古英語，源自古法語 irascible，源自晚期拉丁語 īrāscibilis，源自拉丁語 īrāscī (“生气，发怒”) + -bilis。

more irascible (comparative)
most irascible (superlative)


irresponsible

more irresponsible (comparative)
most irresponsible (superlative)

They left the crown what, in the eye and estimation of law, it had ever been, perfectly irresponsible.

1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, Oxford, 出版於 2009，第 28 頁:


islands

island的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


immutable

源自中古英語 immutable，源自拉丁語 immūtābilis (“无法改变的”)。im- + mutable。

The government has enacted an immutable law.

Mutable as is our nature, it delights in the immutable: and we expect as much constancy as if all time, to say nothing of our own changeableness, had not shewn that ever "the fashion of this world passeth away."

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 XIV, 出自 Francesca Carrara. […], 第 II 卷, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，第 171 頁:

In the trustless cryptocurrency world, you can still trust the cryptocurrency community and its mechanisms to ensure that the blockchain contains an accurate and immutable—unchangeable—record of cryptocurrency transactions.

2019, Peter Kent, Tyler Bain, Cryptocurrency Mining For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN，第 30 頁:

Constants are immutable.


impala

源自祖魯語 impala。


incongruous

源自拉丁語 incongruus，源自in- (“不”) + congruus (“一致的”)。

more incongruous (comparative)
most incongruous (superlative)

/ɪŋˈkɑŋ.ɡɹu.əs/

不相称的，不协调的，不合适的，不配的，不搭的

Ona was blue-eyed and fair, while Jurgis had great black eyes with beetling brows, and thick black hair that curled in waves about his ears—in short, they were one of those incongruous and impossible married couples with which Mother Nature so often wills to confound all prophets.

1905, Upton Sinclair, 章號 I, 出自 The Jungle, 紐約，N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, 出版於 1906年2月26日, →OCLC:

Ardent suns had likewise tanned his face till it was swarthy as a Spaniard's. The yellow mustache appeared incongruous in the midst of such swarthiness.

1912, Jack London, 章號 1, 出自 A Son Of The Sun:

For a few moments England toyed with the idea of making it a more difficult night than necessary. Scotland had scored a goal that seemed incongruous to the rest of their performance and, briefly, a fiercely partisan crowd sensed an improbable comeback.

2014年November18日, Daniel Taylor, “England and Wayne Rooney see off Scotland in their own back yard”, 出自 The Guardian:

20 and 25 are incongruous with respect to 4.

20和25关于模4不同余。（即20和25分别除以4时所得余数不同）


infallible

源自中世紀拉丁語 infallibilis，源自拉丁語 in- + fallibilis。对比法語 infaillible。字面分析等同於 in- + fallible。

more infallible (comparative)
most infallible (superlative)

没有任何错误或缺点的，无懈可击的

He knows about many things, but even he is not infallible.

他懂的东西很多，但是就算是他也不是完美的。

That there may be Certainty upon an infallible Evidence in Matters of Science, I readily grant you. But since there once were Scepticks in Philosophy as well as Religion, such as doubted of every thing, I very much question, whether the whole World be agreed in this Point; unless you could assure me, that Race of Seekers is now extinct.

1720, Samuel Fancourt, “The Remarker's second Objection produced and examined”, 出自 An Essay Concerning Certainty and Infallibility: Or, Some Reflections Upon a Pamphlet Stiled, “The Nature and Consequences of Enthusiasm Considered, in Some Short Remarks on the Doctrine of the Blessed Trinity Stated and Defended.” In a Letter to the Author of Those Remarks, London: R. Cruttenden，第 35 頁:

Try this infallible cure for hiccups.

[L]isten patiently [...] and you will easily perceive why I am reserved upon that subject. I will not lead you on, unguarded and ardent as I then was, to your destruction and infallible misery.

1818, Mary Shelley, 章號 4, 出自 Frankenstein，於2011-10-30歸檔自原頁面:

In precisely the same way does a quack doctor prescribe his infallible nostrum to every patient, without taking into account differences of constitution, or [...]

1833, James Rennie, “The Word Gardening”, 出自 Alphabet of Scientific Gardening for the Use of Beginners, London: William Orr，第 2 頁:


infallible

没有任何错误或缺点的人或事物；万无一失的人或事物


instigate

源自拉丁語 īnstīgātus，īnstīgāre (“促使；煽动”)的过去分词，源自前缀in- (“...里”) + *stigare，与stinguere (“推动，刺激”)有关。对比德語 stechen (“戳，扎”)、英語 stick。

to instigate a riot

If the man perceives that his partner has arousal or orgasmic difficulties, this is likely to influence his desire to instigate sexual activity and/or his enjoyment and pleasure in being sexual with his partner.

2017, Desa Markovic, Working with Sexual Issues in Psychotherapy

to instigate someone to a crime

he might instigate them to swear against the law of God

1678, Robert Barclay, An Apology for the True Christian Divinity


impending

I have no time right now because of an impending paper submission deadline.

我现在没时间，论文要截稿了。

Randall and Kate aren’t satirical characters. They’re rational thinkers who unwittingly stumble into a Dr. Strangelove type of situation when they discover mankind’s impending doom, and team up with Dr. Teddy Oglethorpe (Rob Morgan) to report their findings to President Orlean (Meryl Streep).

2021年December7日, Jesse Hassenger, “Leonardo DiCaprio and Jennifer Lawrence cope with disaster in the despairing satire Don’t Look Up”, 出自 AV Club:


impending

impend 的現在時分詞和動名詞

The hurricane is impending.


impending

Speed of locomotion and staying power in horse and others; the sense of smell in dog and in most other creatures (a far subtler and more analytical faculty than is man's mere perception of odour). Even an uncanny supra-natural sense of natural impendings, catastrophe, earthquake and flood, lacking in man, is found in simpler creatures.

1934, Arabella Kenealy, The Human Gyroscope:

Although I do think about death quite regularly, my intense fear of lesser impendings has taught me that the only way I will survive it is to remain objective […]

1994, Steve Garvey, quoted in 2000, Nicholas Barnes, Ainin H. Garvey, The Lost Writings of Steve Garvey (page 23)


infinitesimal

源自拉丁語 infinitesimus，源自infinitus (“无穷的”) + -esimus，类似于centesimus (“百分之一”)。

more infinitesimal (comparative)
most infinitesimal (superlative)

Do you ever get the feeling that you are but an infinitesimal speck, swallowed by the vastness of the universe and beyond?

你有没有想到过，自己就是一个小得不能再小的小点，被淹没于广阔无垠的宇宙和宇宙之外的空间中？

Then you could say that the doorway exploded. But the particular verb doesn't do the action justice. Rather, it shattered into infinitesimal pieces.

2001, Eoin Colfer, Artemis Fowl，第 221 頁:


incredulous

借自拉丁語 incrēdulus (“不相信的”)。

more incredulous (comparative)
most incredulous (superlative)

心有疑虑的，表示怀疑的，无法相信的 （自16世纪）

In safe flats and dark restaurants, never the same one twice, we ate quiet meals, exchanged our goods and gazed upon each other with the incredulous contentment that passes between mountaineers when they are standing on the peak.

Reactions at Sun's campus, an hour's drive from San Francisco, ranged from the fearful to the incredulous.

2009年March18日, Reuters, “Sun Micro Troops Fearful, Incredulous About IBM”, 出自 Wired.com，於2013-06-30歸檔自原頁面:

难以置信的 （自17世纪）

Why euery thing adheres togither, that no dramme of a scruple, no scruple of a scruple, no obstacle, no incredulous or vnsafe circumstance […]。

c. 1601–1602 （写稿日期）, 威廉·莎士比亚, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will [第十二夜]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio（第一对开本）), 伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard和Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:

Faced with these facts, we find it incredulous that [the] defendant had any intent other than the armed robbery of the service station.

1984, Supreme Court of Illinois, opinion in People v Terrell, 459 N.E.2d 1337, quoted in David C. Brody, James R. Acker, and Wayne A. Logan, Criminal Law, Jones & Bartlett Publishers (2001), ISBN 0-8342-1083-5, page 564,


inflection

源自早期形式inflexion，借自中古法語 inflexion，借自拉丁語 inflexiōnem (“变化”, 字面意思是“弯曲”)。英语词形中的⟨ct⟩是受到了inflect或相关词correction等的影响导致的。

In English, word order often does the work that inflection did in Latin

英语中，语序常代替拉丁语中的屈折。

an inflection for gender, number, or tense

English's regular inflection for number in plural nouns is the suffix -s.

英语复数名词的规则屈折变化词缀是后缀-s。

屈折变化形式，屈折变化词形

Recite every inflection for each of these words.

把这些单词的所有屈折词形都背出来。

If he's lying, his inflection changes.

他说谎时他的语调会变化。

inflection point

inflection from the rules


incursion

源自中古英語，借自古法語，源自拉丁語 incursiō, incursiōnem。

/ɪŋˈkɜː(ɹ)ʒən/

/ɪŋˈkɜː(ɹ)ʃən/

Fascinating though the journey is to the traveller, for many years this section of the line was a source of considerable anxiety to the maintenance engineers, and on more than one occasion landslips and incursions of the sea resulted in the railway being closed for several days.

1947 January and February, H. A. Vallance, “The Sea Wall at Dawlish”, 出自 Railway Magazine，第 18 頁:


impish

more impish (comparative)
most impish (superlative)

Wild-eyed youngsters they were, with matted hair and little broad-nosed impish faces, covered (as some children are covered even nowadays) with a delicate down of hair.

1897, H. G. Wells, 章號 1, 出自 A Story of the Stone Age，於2012-03-09歸檔自原頁面:

But the antics of Mr. Moore, though impish and impudent, are, after all, so amusing and so graceful that the governess, it is said, sometimes hides behind a tree to watch.

1942, Virginia Woolf, 章號 20, 出自 The Death of the Moth, and other essays，於2011-02-24歸檔自原頁面:


implausible

more implausible (comparative)
most implausible (superlative)


indefatigable

源自中古法語，源自拉丁語 indēfatīgābilis (“坚持不懈的”)，源自in- (“不”) + dēfatīgō (“使...疲劳”)。

more indefatigable (comparative)
most indefatigable (superlative)

（美国北加利福尼亚）音频

[...] But he was at the ſame Time an excellent Scholar, and moſt indefatigable in teaching the two Lads.

1749, Henry Fielding, “Containing Two Letters in Very Different Stiles”, 出自 The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史], 第 VI 卷, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book XVIII，第 196 頁:

"Oh, Roko! You're so indefatigable! Nothing gets you down!"

2020, Jeph Jacques, Questionable Content (webcomic), 4302: Bowed But Unbroken:


indefectible

more indefectible (comparative)
most indefectible (superlative)


idyllic

more idyllic (comparative)
most idyllic (superlative)

快乐的，幸福的，祥和的，美好的

My fellow-creatures, from whom I was thus separated, began to assume idyllic virtue and beauty in my memory.

1896, H. G. Wells, “chapter 17”, 出自 The Island of Dr. Moreau:

The rest of the road was as idyllic as the start.

1922, John Buchan, “chapter II”, 出自 Huntingtower:


idyllic

快乐的事物，幸福的事物 (形容词的名词用法：有形容词词义性质的事物)

He could retire to the idyllic with the knowledge that he had not been wanting when Romance called.

1922, John Buchan, 章號 V, 出自 Huntingtower:


intent

自中古英語 entente起即出现，源自古法語 entent或entente，最终源自拉丁語 intentus。后拼写被调整来向拉丁语词形靠拢。对比intention。


intent

more intent (comparative)
most intent (superlative)

a mind intent on self-improvement

Uruguay were quick to the ball, strong in the tackle and seemed intent on showing they were a better team than had been apparent in their defeat to Costa Rica.

2014, Daniel Taylor, "World Cup 2014: Uruguay sink England as Suárez makes his mark," guardian.co.uk, 20 June:


indemnify

保障，给...保险，保证赔偿

The states must at last engage to the merchants here that they will indemnify them from all that shall fall out.

1670, Sir William Temple, letter to Lord Arlington, in The Works of Sir William Temple, page 101:

The lender of a thing for use must indemnify the borrower for damage caused by defects or vices in it, which he knew at the time of lending, and concealed from the borrower.

1906, Civil Code of the State of California，第 405 頁:


indemnify

源自in- (“里”) + damnify (“伤害，亏待”)，被同化入indemn和indemnify (“保障，保险；补偿”)。


intently

more intently (comparative)
most intently (superlative)

专心地，专注地，心无旁骛地


imposing

more imposing (comparative)
most imposing (superlative)


ingrain

繼承自中古英語 engreynen，源自法語短语en grain，并得到了短语(dyed) in grain的增补。见grain。

将...染色 （用速效或持久的染料）

The dirt was deeply ingrained in the carpet.

The lessons I learned at school were firmly ingrained in my mind.

我在学校学的课已经深深刻入我的脑海。


ingrate

源自拉丁語 ingrātus (“令人不快的”)，in- (“不”) + grātus (“让人愉快的”)。

more ingrate (comparative)
most ingrate (superlative)

unpleasant

讨厌的，令人不快的；不友好的 （18世纪）

unfriendly

讨厌的，令人不快的；不友好的 （18世纪）

The causes of that which is pleasing , or ingrate to the hearing , may receive light by that which is pleasing or ingrate to the sight

1631, Francis [Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, 出自 Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd版, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

Who, for ſo many benefits receiv'd, / Turn'd recreant to God, ingrate and falſe, / And ſo of all true good himſelf deſpoil'd, […]

1671, John Milton, “The Third Book”, 出自 Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, 倫敦: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC，第 61 頁:

讨厌的，令人不快的；不友好的 （18世纪）


ingrate

Out of my sight, ingrate!


indigent

约1400年，源自中古法語，源自拉丁語 indigentem，源自indigēre (“需要”)，源自indu (“在...里”) + egēre (“需要，想要”)。

more indigent (comparative)
most indigent (superlative)

Many of the indigent children are so badly provided for by their parents, with both food and raiment, that they cannot attend school regularly; […]

1830, Thomas Ritchie, Journal of the House of Delegates of the Commonwealth of Virginia，第 422 頁:

And were I not a thing for you and me
To execrate in angish, you would be
As indigent a stranger to surprise,
I fear, as I was once, and as unwise.

1932, Edwin Arlington Robinson, “Prodigal Son”, 出自 Nicodemus:

I had since my introduction to the prince been sensitive to the fact that he must think an obviously indigent soldier of fortune will sooner or later open the subject of a subscription to the Greek Cause.

Because of this, when my second major health fiasco happened, I had no insurance, so I went to a teaching hospital where they took indigent patients.

2011, Carla Ulbrich, How Can You Not Laugh at a Time Like This?: Reclaim Your Health With Humor, Creativity, and Grit, Tell Me Press, →ISBN，第 65 頁:

In numerous Supreme Court decisions since Gideon v. Wainwright, the states have been required to provide counsel for indigent defendants at virtually all other stages of the criminal process, beginning with arrest and concluding with the defendant's release from the system.

2013, Larry J. Siegel & John L. Worral, Essentials of Criminal Justice, Wadsworth, →ISBN，第 162 頁:

Again some Bodies dissolve both in Fire and Water, as Gums; &c. And these are such, as have both Plenty of Spirit; and their tangible Parts indigent of Moisture: the former promotes the Dilatation of the Spirits by the Fire and the latter stimulates the Parts to receive the Liquor.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1620, Francis Bacon, Instauratio Magnus, Part III, Section ii, subsection "Liquifaction":

Will Providence guard us? How do I ſee that our Sex is naturally Indigent of Protection?—I hope it is in Fate to crown our Loves; for 'tis only in the Protection of Men of Honour, that we are naturally truly Safe […]

1701, Richard Steele, The Funeral: or, Grief A-la-mode, act II, scene 1:


indigent

I liked the streets best, so I walked and stared, and slept in a Salvation Army hostel for indigents. But I was no indigent; I was rich in feeling, and that was a luxury I had rarely known.

1975, Robertson Davies, World of Wonders, Penguin Books, 出版於 1976, →ISBN，第 161 頁:

The influx of indigents overwhelmed the city's meagre social services and affordable accommodation.

2009, Mara Vorhees, Moscow, Lonely Planet, →ISBN，第 29 頁:

Then in 2005 a Republican-led Congress passed a bill requiring millions of low-income people to pay higher co-payments and premiums under Medicaid. The result was that many more indigents had to forgo care.

2011, Michael Parenti, Democracy for the Few, Wadsworth, →ISBN，第 78 頁:


impromptu

The party began with an impromptu rendition of 'Happy Birthday'.

派对开始时大家不约而同地演唱了《生日快乐》。

an impromptu speech


impromptu

The second impromptu is a dance-like Allegretto in A flat major, with a trio in D flat major employing arpeggiated textures.

1997, Christopher H. Gibbs, The Cambridge Companion to Schubert, Cambridge University Press (ISBN 9781139825320), page 168:


indiscreet

indiscreeter (comparative)
indiscreetest (superlative)

Haz sits in the trailer for 10 hours straight, eyes trained on the patrons. If he sees the makings of a drug deal or a fight, he notifies the club’s in-house security by walkie-talkie. It amazes him how indiscreet drug dealers can be—with the bulges in their socks and their melodramatic handovers—despite the presence of security guards.

2018 February, Robert Draper, “They are Watching You—and Everything Else on the Planet: Technology and Our Increasing Demand for Security have Put Us All under Surveillance. Is Privacy Becoming just a Memory?”, 出自 National Geographic, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, →ISSN, →OCLC，於2018-06-14歸檔自原頁面:


impugn

借自中古法語 impugner，源自拉丁語 impugnō，源自im- + pugnō (“打斗”)，源自pugnus (“拳头”)，即英语中的pugilism (“用拳头打架”)。

有關本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:impugn。


impulsive

more impulsive (comparative)
most impulsive (superlative)

动人的，鼓动性的，推动的


impulsive

Notwithstanding all which Motives and impulsives , Sir Thomas Overbury refused to be sent abroad , with such terms

1613, Henry Wotton, letter to Edmund Bacon:


illustrious

源自拉丁語 illūstris (“明亮的，闪亮的；显赫的，突出的”) + -ous (从名词构成形容词的后缀，表示拥有或显示出某种特质，程度任意)。illūstris派生自illūstrō (“照亮；使...出名，使...名声显赫”)，源自in- (表示里面的前缀) + lustrō (“通过献祭来净化；照亮”)（lustrō (“（净化为目的的）献祭”)，可能最终源自原始印歐語 *lewk- (“亮；照”)或*lewh₃- (“洗”)）。

more illustrious (comparative)
most illustrious (superlative)

名声显赫的，著名的，大名鼎鼎的 （自16世纪中叶）

The ant has made himself illustrious / Through constant industry industrious. / So what? / Would you be calm and placid / If you were full of formic acid?

1941, Ogden Nash, “The Ant”, 出自 The Face is Familiar: The Selected Verse of Ogden Nash, reprint版, Garden City, N.Y.: Garden City Publishing Company, →OCLC，第 224 頁:

[Marcus] Rashford showed the fearless streak [Gareth] Southgate so admires with his constant willingness to run at Brazil's defence with pace, even demonstrating on occasion footwork that would not have been out of place from members of England's illustrious opposition.

2017年November14日, Phil McNulty, “England 0 – 0 Brazil”, 出自 BBC Sport，於2018-03-28歸檔自原頁面:


indoctrinate

灌输，教化，给...洗脑


in-house

more in-house (comparative)
most in-house (superlative)


indolence

:(1603) < 法语 indolence（“对痛的麻木”） < 拉丁语 indolentia（“无感觉”） < in-（“无”） + dolere（“悲痛”）。


immaculate

源自中古英語 immaculat，源自拉丁語 immaculātus。前缀im- (“不”) + maculātus，maculō (“玷污，弄脏”)的完成时被动分词，源自macula (“污渍，污点”)。参见mail。
取代了本土词unwemmed (“纯净的，未被污染的”)。

more immaculate (comparative)
most immaculate (superlative)

irreproachable

纯洁的，清白的，无罪孽的

Thou sheer, immaculate and silver fountain

1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:

纯洁的，清白的，无罪孽的


inept

借自中古法語 inepte，源自拉丁語 ineptus，源自in- + aptus（派生出英語 apt）。

more inept (comparative)
most inept (superlative)

无能的，生疏的，笨拙的，不能做某事的


ineptitude

The curse has been Spanish ineptitude feeding Gibraltarian intransigence. Border hold-ups are counterproductive to winning hearts and minds, as were blundering Argentinian landings on the outer Falklands.

2013, Simon Jenkins, Gibraltar and the Falklands deny the logic of history (in The Guardian, 14 August 2013)http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/14/gibraltar-falklands-deny-logic-history

He droned on with platitudes and ineptitudes while Malone whispered to Enid that if Alasha was a fair specimen of the population it was just as well that his native land was safely engulfed in the Atlantic Ocean.

1926, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Land of Mist:


immolation

源自中古英語 immolacion，源自中古法語 immolation，源自古法語，源自拉丁語 immolatio。

Mary heard with sorrow, and fear also, of the projected journey; but the altered expression of Isabella's countenance was a great palliative—dreadful as it was that her husband should love another (and of that distressing fact it was impossible to doubt), his confidence was consoling; and her power to prove the firmness of her character, her right to his esteem, and the immolation of her happiness to further his desires, had, in itself, the sustainment which belongs to great sacrifice.

1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], 章號 XXVIII, 出自 Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], 第 II 卷, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC，第 66 頁:


inscrutable

从晚期拉丁語 īnscrūtābilis借入中古英語，源自in- (“不”) + scrūtō (“观察”)，对应于in- + scrutable。

more inscrutable (comparative)
most inscrutable (superlative)

His inscrutable theories would years later become the foundation of a whole new science.

他晦涩难懂的理论在多年后会变成一个新学科的基础。

She called my vanity license plate inscrutable! 'ICU81MI'? Hilarious!

2007年October11日, Robert Carlock, “Jack Gets in the Game”, 出自 30 Rock, 第 2 季数, 第 2 集数, 角色 Tracy Jordan（Tracy Morgan）:


insinuation

:< 拉丁語 insinuatio < īnsinuō （“放入；混入，偷入”） < in （“in”） + sinus （“蜿蜒，海湾，折”）。

旁敲侧击的话，暗射，影射，暗示

旁敲侧击，含沙射影，巧妙进入


insipid

源自法語 insipide，源自拉丁語 īnsipidus (“没有味道的”)，源自in- (“不，无”) + sapidus (“好吃的”)。一些词义可能受到了insipient (“愚笨的”)的影响。

more insipid (comparative)
most insipid (superlative)

boring

平平无奇的，乏味的，平庸的

vacuous

平平无奇的，乏味的，平庸的

dull

平平无奇的，乏味的，平庸的

bland

平平无奇的，乏味的，平庸的

characterless

平平无奇的，乏味的，平庸的

colourless

平平无奇的，乏味的，平庸的

The diners were disappointed with the plain, insipid soup they were served.

用晚餐的人喝到他们上的寡淡无味的汤以后非常失望。

平平无奇的，乏味的，平庸的

The textbook had a most insipid presentation of the controversy.

教科书对那个争议的介绍非常乏味无趣。


insolent

原始印歐語詞
 *swé
源自中古英語，源自古法語，源自拉丁語 īnsolēns (“不寻常的，讨厌的，无节制的，过量的，过分的，自大的，无礼的”)，源自in- (否定前缀) + solēns，solere (“为人所习惯”)的过去分词。

more insolent (comparative)
most insolent (superlative)

insolent behaviour

insolent child

insolent remark


insolent

Diogenes Laertius reports that Diogenes was apt to take the identification with the dog at face value, as when he lifted his leg and relieved himself on a group of young insolents who teased him with a dog's bone […]

2010, Louisa Shea, The Cynic Enlightenment: Diogenes in the Salon (page 7)


insouciant

源自法語 insouciant，源自in- (“不”, 前缀) + souciant (“担忧的”)，1828年。

more insouciant (comparative)
most insouciant (superlative)

an insouciant gesture

"I am quite serious in saying that your loss must and would be felt; but I verily believe," added she, after a moment's hesitation, "that you are so insouciant yourself, that you cannot believe that every body else is not equally indifferent."

1834, [Theresa Lewis], 章號 XII, 出自 Countess of Morley [Frances Talbot Parker] 編, Dacre: A Novel. [...] In Three Volumes, 第 II 卷, London: Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman, […], →OCLC，第 220 頁:

It was there [Cadiz, Spain] that on Sunday I had seen the populace disport itself, and it was full of life then, gay and insouciant.

1905, William Somerset Maugham, 章號 XXXVIII, 出自 The Land of the Blessed Virgin: Sketches and Impressions in Andalusia, London: William Heinemann, →OCLC，第 215 頁:

When we left the Marr house, he [Peter] had boldly said to Felicity, "May I see you home?" And Felicity, much to our amazement, had taken his arm and marched off with him. […] As for me, I was consumed by a secret and burning desire to ask the Story Girl if I might see her home; but I could not screw my courage to the sticking point. How I envied Peter his easy, insouciant manner!

1913 August, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, “The Christmas Harp”, 出自 The Golden Road, Boston, Mass.: The Page Company, 出版於 April 1926, →OCLC，第 31–32 頁s:

[…] [Jack] Nicholson turned to an assistant, bummed a cigarette, flashed one of his wolfish, insouciant grins and said, "We all have our little secrets, Seany."

2004年April26日, Richard Schickel, “Sean Penn: Necessary Actor”, 出自 Time，於2008-03-06歸檔自原頁面:


intransigent

借自法語 intransigeant，源自西班牙語 intransigente，源自拉丁語 in- (“不”) + trānsigēns，trānsigō (“达成共识”)的过去分词，源自trāns (“穿越，跨越”) + agō (“做”)。

more intransigent (comparative)
most intransigent (superlative)

transigent

不妥协的，不让步的，顽固的

不妥协的，不让步的，顽固的

Don't waste your time trying to change his mind: he's completely intransigent.

别浪费时间去说动他了，他不会让步的。

Since I have been asked to do this in very brief compass, the harsh tone and terse style of my presentation will make my contentions appear more dogmatic and intransigent than I should wish them to be.

1966, H. Feigl, “Is Science Relevant to Theology?”, 出自 Inquiries and Provocations: Selected Writings, 出版於 2012, →ISBN:

Much of the new integration will come in the school districts that have been the most intransigent since the Supreme Court outlawed school segregation in its landmark 1954 decision.

1970年August31日, John Berbers, “Nixon Aides Voice Integration Hope”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:

On the Spanish side, the war increased the anti-Cuban animosity and distrust felt by the most intransigent peninsulares.

1993, Leslie Bethell, Cuba: A Short History, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN，第 27 頁:


intricate

more intricate (comparative)
most intricate (superlative)

细致的，精细的；错综复杂的

The architecture of this clock is very intricate.


intricate

和形容词一样，或与extricate类比而得来。

[…] washes off easily, without sticking or intricating into the wound.

1864 October 18, J.E. Freund, “How to Avoid the Use of Lint”, letter to the editor, in The New York Times (1864 October 23):

将...卷入，使...混入

But the British and French won't hear of that; they want to get their troops extricated and our ground troops intricated.

1994 December 12, William Safire, “Avoid Dunkirk II” (essay), in The New York Times:


inane

源自中古法語 inane，源自拉丁語 inānis (“空的，没用的”)，其词源不详。

inaner (comparative)
more inane (comparative)
inanest (superlative)
most inane (superlative)

Francesca followed, reluctant enough in her secret; for though she would not have admitted it even to herself, she did shrink from the infliction of the inane solemnities with which her father garnished his discourse—to say nothing of the ungracious reflections which so often glanced at herself.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 XXIX, 出自 Francesca Carrara. […], 第 III 卷, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，第 237 頁:

God, if she had to listen to another conversation about some kid she didnʼt know—how Tina J. stole the stage at the talent show or Bobby R. won the tee ball game or any other number of inane accomplishments.

2020, Brit Bennett, The Vanishing Half, Dialogue Books，第 156 頁:

This supremely gifted kid told me that in the early elementary grades, the songs sung in music class were so inane that he wanted to skip grades already! Eventually he did, so better late than never.


inane

[...] whom we watch as we watch the clouds careering in the windy, bottomless inane, or read about like characters in ancient and rather fabulous annals.

1881, Robert Louis Stevenson, Virginibus Puerisque:


inaugural

源自法語 inaugural，源自inaugurer，源自拉丁語 augurare (“起誓”)。

The University of Cape Town hosts an inaugural lecture by Professor Ian Scott […] on Wednesday at 8pm.

In 1928 [Martin] Heidegger succeeded [Edmund] Husserl to take a chair at Freiburg and in his inaugural lecture made a pronouncement that earned him a reputation as an archetypal metaphysician with his claim that our awareness of people as a whole depends on our experience of dread in the face of nothingness.

2014年April12日, Michael Inwood, “Martin Heidegger: the philosopher who fell for Hitler [print version: Hitler's philosopher]”, 出自 The Daily Telegraph (Review), London，第 R11 頁:

起始的，落成的，标志开始的

2009 was the inaugural season for New York Yankees' new stadium.


inaugural

开始，起点；(任期的)开始

In his inaugural, President Obama proclaimed 'an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn-out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics'.

2009, Teddy Davis, ABC News on March 13, 2009.


incarcerate

源自中世紀拉丁語 incarcerātus，incarcerō (“囚禁”)的过去分词，源自拉丁語 in- (“里，内”) + carcer (“牢房”)，即“放入牢房”。与cancel (“用线划掉”)和chancel (“格栅，栅栏后的地方”)有关。
还见carcerate和cancer。

/ɪnˈkɑː.səˌɹeɪt/

/ɪnˈkɑɹ.səˌɹeɪt/

（尤指因犯罪而）关押，监禁

Tolokonnikova has also been an effective public speaker even while incarcerated, but she has spoken out on politics and freedom in general rather than prisoners’ rights.

2013年September23日, Masha Gessen, “Life in a Russian Prison”, 出自 New York Times, retrieved 2013-09-24:


incarcerate

/ɪnˈkɑː.səˌɹeɪt/

/ɪnˈkɑɹ.səˌɹeɪt/

[…] Mr. Vanſe, Keeper of the Tolbooth, did give in a Bill, repreſenting, That there being ſo great a number of Priſoners, upon account of Conventicles, and for Criminal Cauſes, and the ſaid Captain being incarcerate, not for a Crime, but for not finding Caution, he was in bona fide not to look upon him as a Perſon that would eſcape: […]

1698, John Nisbet of Dirleton, Some Doubts & Questions, in the Law; Especially of Scotland. As Also, Some Decisions of the Lords of Council and Session: […], Edinburgh: […] George Mosman, […]，第 146 頁:

Being Incarcerat he put forth a Blaſphemous Paper, not only condemning all the work of Reformation, but alſo the Engliſh Bible in the form as it is now extant; […]

1707, [James Renwick], An Informatory Vindication of a Poor, Wasted, Misrepresented, Remnant of the Suffering, Anti-Popish, Anti-Prelatick, Anti-Erastian, Anti-Sectarian, True Presbyterian Church of Christ in Scotland: […]，第 14 頁:

THat where I being incarcerate within the ſaid Tolbooth, by Warrand of the Lord Juſtice Clerk, for the Crime of Murder alledged committed by me, […] humbly ſhewing, That where, he being incarcerate within the Tolbooth of Edinburgh, by Warrant of the Lord Juſtice Clerk, for the Crime of Muther committed by him, […]

1732, John Louthian, The Form of Process before the Court of Justiciary in Scotland; Containing the Constitution of the Sovereign Criminal Court, and the Way and Manner of Their Procedure: […], Edinburgh: […] Robert Fleming and Company, for William Hamilton, […]，第 71 and 73 頁s:

While incarcerate below, / Prayer with every breath shall flow; / Praise, expiring on my tongue, / Live anew in holier song, / Where my soul, its trial past, / Perfect joy shall reap at last!

1833, Joseph P. Bartrum, The Psalms, Newly Paraphrased for the Service of the Sanctuary. […], Boston, Mass.: Russell, Odiorne, and Company，第 76 頁:


incarcerated

incarcerate 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


incidentally

more incidentally (comparative)
most incidentally (superlative)

The book discussed the subject, but only incidentally.

这本书讨论了这个主题，但只是顺带说了一下。

Incidentally, did you hear anything new from your brother yesterday?

对了，你有没有从你哥哥那里听来什么新消息？


hydrostation

:hydrostation, hydrostations, hydrostation's, hydrostations'
#水电站


hydrosulfide

:hydrosulfide, hydrosulfides, hydrosulfide's, hydrosulfides'
#氢硫化物


hydrosulfite

:hydrosulfite, hydrosulfites, hydrosulfite's, hydrosulfites'
#氢亚硫酸盐
#亚硫酸氢盐


jaded

源自jade (“老马”)，可能源自古諾爾斯語 jalda (“母驴”)。其中的jade是一个自1560年起用来骂女性的话。

more jaded (comparative)
most jaded (superlative)

exhausted

（因太老或经历过太多次而）无精打采的，精疲力竭的

fatigued

（因太老或经历过太多次而）无精打采的，精疲力竭的

wearied

（因太老或经历过太多次而）无精打采的，精疲力竭的

blasé

（因经历过太多次而）麻木的，冷漠的，无情的

But now I am jaded / You're out of luck / I'm rolling down the stairs / Too drunk to fuck

1981, “Too Drunk to Fuck”, 演出者 Dead Kennedys:

（因太老或经历过太多次而）无精打采的，精疲力竭的

（因经历过太多次而）麻木的，冷漠的，无情的


jaded

jade 的過去式和過去分詞


hyperbola

源自古希臘語 ὑπερβολή (huperbolḗ)。hyperbole 的同源對似詞。

hyperbolas (plural)
hyperbolae (plural)
hyperbolæ (plural)


hyperbole

源自拉丁語 hyperbolē，源自古希臘語 ὑπερβολή (huperbolḗ, “超过，夸张”)，源自ὑπέρ (hupér, “上”) + βάλλω (bállō, “丢，抛”)。hyperbola 的同源對似詞。

The great staircase, however, may be termed, without much hyperbole, a feature of grandeur and magnificence.

1837, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Legends of the Province House

Of course the hymn has come to us from somewhere else, but I do not know from where; and the average native of our village firmly believes that it is indigenous to our own soil—which it can not be, unless it deals in hyperbole, for the nearest approach to a river in our neighborhood is the village pond.

c. 1910, Theodore Roosevelt, Productive Scholarship

The final key to the way I promote is bravado. I play to people's fantasies. ..People want to believe that something is the biggest and the greatest and the most spectacular. I call it truthful hyperbole. It's an innocent form of exaggeration—and a very effective form of promotion.

1987, Donald Trump, Tony Schwartz, The Art of the Deal, p. 58.

In these circumstances, hyperbole is called for, the rhetorical figure that raises its objects up, excessively, way above their actual merit : it is not to deceive by exaggeration that one overshoots the mark, but to allow the true value, the truth of what is insufficiently valued, to appear.

1995, Richard Klein, “Introduction”, 出自 Cigarettes are sublime, Paperback版, Durham: Duke University Press, 出版於 1993, →ISBN, →OCLC，第 17 頁:

The perennial problem, especially for the BBC, has been to reconcile the hyperbole-driven agenda of newspapers with the requirement of balance, which is crucial to the public service remit.

2001, Tom Bentley, Daniel Stedman Jones, The Moral Universe

The honourable gentleman forces us to hear a good deal of this detestable rhetoric; and then he asks why, if the secretaries of the Nizam and the King of Oude use all these tropes and hyperboles, Lord Ellenborough should not indulge in the same sort of eloquence?

1843, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The Gates of Somnauth


jaywalk

（违反行人交通规则）乱穿马路


jetty

源自法語 jetée (“码头，堤道”)，源自jeter。对比jet、jutty。


jetty

ADENTELLARE […] It is properly to jetty out, or indent stones or timber of any unfinished building, that another may the easier be joyned unto, or that finished.

1598, John Florio, A Worlde of Wordes, or Dictionarie of the Italian and English tongues:


jetty

jettier (comparative)
jettiest (superlative)

those large black eyes were so blackly fringed, / The glossy rebels mocked the jetty stain [...].

But there was only Glorvina of the jetty ringlets with whom his intercourse was familiar, and this dashing young woman was not bent upon loving the Major, but rather on making the Major admire her […]

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair. A Novel without a Hero, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], 出版於 1848, →OCLC:

She raised her face veil […] showing two black eyes fringed with jetty lashes, whose glances were soft and languishing and whose perfect beauty was ever blandishing […]

1885, Sir Richard Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night, 第 1 卷:


jibe

不详，可能源自古法語 giber (“嬉戏打闹”)。对比英語 jib (“（马）停下不愿继续走”)、古諾爾斯語 geipa (“胡说”)。
名词派生自动词。

He flung subtle jibes at her until she couldn’t bear to work with him any longer.

他动辄开她的玩笑，最后她再也不想和他干活了。

Come, come, we / All are Friends, nor have we Time for Jibe, / Or Anger now, but 'gainſt our common Foes, / The French and Scot; there let your Pray'rs, and Jeſts, / And Blows, be levell’d.

1746, [Charles Macklin], King Henry the VII: Or the Popish Impostor. A Tragedy. […], London: Printed for R. Francklin, […]; R[obert] Dodsley, […]; and J. Brotherton, […], →OCLC, act II, scene i，第 24 頁:

[George] Carlin's opening-night monologue included some blunt gibes at organized religion which would almost certainly have been cut out of any other network show.

1975年October27日, Jeff Greenfield, “Ragged but Funny”, 出自 New York, 第 8 卷, 第 43 期, New York, N.Y.: New York Magazine Company, →ISSN, →OCLC，第 65 頁，第 3 列:


jibe

We could hardly speak before for fear of our Taskmasters; but we dare now Nose those Villains that used to gibe us.

1714, John Arbuthnot, A Farther Continuation of the History of the Crown-Inn: Part III. Containing the Present State of the Inn, and Other Particulars, 2nd版, London: Printed for J. Moor, […], →OCLC，於2019-03-10歸檔自原頁面，第 15 頁:

How I want thee, hum'rous Hogarth! / Thou, I hear, a pleaſant Rogue art; / […] / Draw the Beaſts as I deſcribe them, / From their Features, while I gibe them.

a. 1746, [Jonathan] Swift, “A Character, Panegyrick, and Description of the Legion Club”, 出自 Miscellanies, 5th版, 第 X 卷, London: Printed for T. Woodward, C. Davis, C. Bathurst, and W[illiam] Bowyer, 出版於 1751, →OCLC，第 227–228 頁s:

Why thats the way to choake a gibing ſpirrit, / Whoſe influence is begot of that looſe grace, / Which ſhallow laughing hearers giue to fooles, […]

c. 1595–1596, W. Shakespere [i.e., 威廉·莎士比亞], A Pleasant Conceited Comedie Called, Loues Labors Lost. […] (First Quarto), London: […] W[illiam] W[hite] for Cut[h]bert Burby, 出版於 1598, →OCLC; 再版為 Shakspere’s Loves Labours Lost (Shakspere-Quarto Facsimiles; no. 5), London: W[illiam] Griggs, […], [1880], →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

Thus with talents well endu'd / To be ſcurrilous and rude; / When you pertly raiſe your ſnout, / Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout; […]

1730, Jonathan Swift, “To Betty the Grizete”, 出自 The Poetical Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. […], Edinburgh: Printed by Mundell and Son, […], 出版於 1794, →OCLC; republished in Robert Anderson 編, The Works of the British Poets. […], 第 IX 卷, London: Printed for John & Arthur Arch; and for Bell & Bradfute, and J. Mundell & Co. Edinburgh, 1795, →OCLC，第 128 頁，第 2 列:

But now her mother was speaking again: 'And this – read this and tell me if you wrote it, or if that man's lying.' And Stephen must read her own misery jibing at her from those pages in Ralph Crossby's stiff and clerical handwriting.

1928, Radclyffe Hall, 章號 27, 出自 The Well of Loneliness, London: Jonathan Cape, →OCLC; 再版 Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 2005, →ISBN, book 2, section I，第 182 頁:

"What's the matter with you?" the woman jibed. She called after him as he walked away: "Nuts, that's what you are!"

1953, James Hilton, “Paris III”, 出自 Time and Time Again (An Atlantic Monthly Press Book), Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC，第 216 頁:


jibe

不详，可能与chime (“使...合唱”)有关。

That explanation doesn’t jibe with the facts.

[T]here is something wrong with your figures. They do not jibe with experience. They do not jibe with prices. They do not jibe with what we know.

1926年May13日, Henry H. Glassie (witness), “Statement of Henry H. Glassie, Member of United States Tariff Commission”, 出自 Investigation of the Tariff Commission: Hearings before the Select Committee on Investigation of the Tariff Commission, United States Senate, Sixty-ninth Congress, First Session […] Part 1 […], Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC，第 529 頁:

This did not jibe with the objectivist view that metaphor is of only peripheral interest in an account of meaning and truth and that it plays at best a marginal role in understanding.

1980, George Lakoff, Mark Johnson, 章號 27, 出自 Metaphors We Live By:


jiffy

不详，据说是窃贼黑话，原指“光”。亦曾作“giffy”，因此有人提出其与gliff有关。指信封时，其为Jiffy bag商标的通用化形式。

一会，一下子 （自1780年）

I’ll be back in a jiffy.

Most of the limbs of the law do every thing in a jiffy; but ask what they mean, and they would be as much puzzled, as if you required of them the explanantion of a common act of parliament.

1780, The Town and Country Magazine, vol. 12, p. 88, February 1780.

"Who says I filched a vipe?" demanded the indignant thief. "Say it agin', and I'll wisit your wittualling hoffice§ [footnote: § The Mouth.] in two jiffies, my queer von! I'se as 'onest a k'racter as hany, and doesn't know vot conweyancing‖ [footnote: ‖ Picking pockets, stealing.] is: d' ye 'ear that?"

1836, George W[illiam] M[acArthur] Reynolds, “Chapter XV”, 出自 The Youthful Impostor. A Novel. [...] In Two Volumes, 第 I 卷, Philadelphia, Pa.: E. L. Carey & A. Hart, →OCLC，第 200 頁:

Of course it's kill or be killed, so at it you go, like Carter and his wild beasts, only in right down earnest, two or three more Tigers joining in, clash slash, and the sparks flying as thick as in a smith's forge, or at a Terrific Combat at the Surrey or the Wells. Such a shindy is too hot to last, and, accordingly, if you're alive at the end of two jiffies, the chance is that you find yourself making quite a melodramatic Tableau—namely, your bloody sword in one hand, a Chinese pigtail in the other, and four or five weltering Tartars lying round your feet!

1842 December, “the Editor” [Thomas Hood], “More News from China”, 出自 The New Monthly Magazine and Humorist, 第 LXVI 卷, 第 CCLXIV (Third Part) 期, London: Henry Colburn, Great Marlborough St., →OCLC，第 427 頁:

Here Godfroy nodded pleasantly to Claude, who bowed, and was off— / —In a jiffy* to his men, who greeted him with loud hurrahs. In another jiffy, he was on a barrel, making them an oration. In another jiffy, he had hold of a horse, somehow—for the man had contrived already to make himself so popular in Viot, that he could have anything he liked for the asking. [Footnote: * Jiffy.—Let not the reader scorn the word; it is in Webster. "Jiffy, a moment."—Webster.]

1864, Ulric De Lazie [pseudonym?; copyright entered by Edmund D. Griffin], Dreams within Dreams; a Plagiarism of the Seventeenth Century; Being, Like Most Visions of the Night, a Medley of Old Things and New, New York, N.Y.: P. O'Shea, 104 Bleecker Street, →OCLC，第 233 頁:

Old Applegate, in the stern, just set and looked at me, and Lord James, amidship, waved both arms and kept hollering for help. I took a couple of everlasting big strokes and managed to grab hold of the skiff's rail, close to the stern. Then, for a jiffy, I hung on and fought for breath.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, 章號 7, 出自 Mr. Pratt's Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, →OL，第 166 頁:

"Plonker!" Harry shouted. Sgt Glum arrived at the double from the newly extended kitchen were the SAS were billeted. / "Sah?" / "Prepare the men, Sergeant, we're on the march in two jiffies." "Yessah! Where to, sah?"

2012, Nigel Peace, “The Wilderness”, 出自 5ign5 of 1if3: A Hilarious Novel of Life and Death, Gobowen, Shropshire: Local Legend Publishing, →ISBN:

基础计时器的时间单位 （一般指0.01秒，但部分操作系统使用其他值）

The FOR...NEXT loop for TIME increments by STEP 2 (every two jiffies) for two reasons: 1) the printing of 60 jiffies a second is too fast to read, and 2) the printing of each jiffy takes longer than its incrementations; this would delay the loop, so the printing of TIME$ is slower than it should be.

1980, Carroll S. Donahue, Janice K. Enger, PET-CBM Personal Computer Guide, Berkeley, Calif.: Osborne/McGraw-Hill, →OCLC，第 283 頁:

The number of processed packets per round is limited in dependence of the page size. The processed packets are forwarded to a single queue and are processed for the time of two jiffies.

2015, Johanna Ullrich, Edgar R. Weippl, “Protection through Isolation: Virtues and Pitfalls”, 出自 The Cloud Security Ecosystem: Technical, Legal, Business and Management Issues (Syngress Advanced Topics in Information Security), Waltham, Mass.: Syngress, →ISBN，第 135 頁:

交流电的周期 （1/60或1/50秒）

光在真空内穿过特定距离的时间 （一般是一厘米）


jilt

低地蘇格蘭語 jillet (“轻佻女性”)的缩约形。

And has she been long a Jilt? has she practi:Template:long sed the Trade for any Time?

1683, Thomas Otway, The Soldiers Fortune


jilt

低地蘇格蘭語 jillet (“轻佻女性”)的缩约形。

将...无情抛弃，甩 (爱人)；（在恋爱中）欺骗

The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became her old self again; for, even after she had conquered her love for the Celebrity, the mortification of having been jilted by him remained.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年）, Winston Churchill, 章號 8, 出自 The Celebrity: An Episode, 紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:


hypocritic

源自古希臘語 ὑποκριτικός (hupokritikós)。

more hypocritic (comparative)
most hypocritic (superlative)

Let others screw their hypocritic face

a. 1745, Jonathan Swift, On a Lady who p---t at the tragedy of Cato […]


hypocritic

源自古希臘語 ὑποκριτικός (hupokritikós)。


hypocritical

源自hypocritic + -al，源自古希臘語 ὑποκριτικός (hupokritikós)，源自ὑποκριτής (hupokritḗs, “演员，伪善者”)，源自ὑποκρίνομαι (hupokrínomai, “舞台上出演角色”)，源自ὑπό (hupó, “在下方”) + κρίνω (krínō, “选择”)。

more hypocritical (comparative)
most hypocritical (superlative)

虚伪的，伪善的 （自16世纪中叶）

[Stephen] Miller’s uncle, a neuroscientist, has been welcomed onto the public stage for his denunciations of his nephew’s immigration policies, which the elder Miller has characterized as hypocritical: the Millers’ not-so-distant Jewish ancestors were, of course, immigrants themselves.

2019年July15日, Greg Afinogenov, “The Jewish Case for Open Borders”, 出自 Jewish Currents, 第 Summer 2019 期:


kalpa

借自梵語 कल्प (kalpa, 字面意思是“形成”)。

（印度教，佛教）劫（43.2亿年）


karma

借自梵語 कर्मन् (kárman, “行为，表现”)，英语中的最早引文见于1827年。

That means everything from lighting to the vibes, the karma of the room.

How many times when you have been in a bar have you felt that a confrontation was building up, even without extensive verbal exchanges? Sometimes you can feel the karma or energy of a place change, and you should not ignore that

2006, Chase Sargent, From Buddy to Boss, page 219:

On the way to Lancaster, which was about an hour and a half from Philly, John felt the karma.

Reddit网站上的一个代表用户获得的赞踩数的积分系统


juju

源自某西非语言，可能最终源自法語 joujou。

（西非人认为有魔力或超自然力量的）护符，物神

（上述物品的）超自然力量，魔力

（非正式）（通常指负面的）报应

That's some bad juju.


juju

‘I knew a guy once who smoked jujus,’ she said. ‘Three highballs and three sticks of tea and it took a pipe wrench to get him off the chandelier.’
#*:: ‘我曾经认识一个哈草的家伙，’她说，‘你让他来三杯开波酒，哈三根大麻烟，他就会跳上吊灯赶都赶不下来。’

1940年，雷蒙·钱德勒，《再见，吾爱》：


juju

jùjú (“一种音乐流派”)之同義詞


juxtapose

借自法語 juxtaposer，对应英语中juxta- + pose，派生自拉丁語 iuxtā (“在...旁”) + pōnō (“放置”)。

将……并列放置（尤指用于对比等）

"In juxtaposing the youth athletes of our grandparents' generation with those of the modern era, we're essentially comparing Volkswagen Beetles to Hummers."

2006, Scarnati, Chris, "We should follow New Jersey's lead on this one", YourCranberry:


kempt

原为kemb的过去分词，源自中古英語 kemben，源自古英語 cemban (“梳理”)。现代用法逆构自表否定的unkempt。详见kemb、comb。

For a moment Boshy thought his senses were playing up with him, for there in the door entrance stood the identical girl - the same turkey-egg complexion, stubby nose, and her red hair only changed from unkempt to kempt.

1907, Barbara Baynton, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 出版於 1980，第 189 頁:

He could see her now: middle-aged, gray hair, well kempt, European-looking.

1982, Michael Blodgett, Captain Blood，第 iii. 342 頁:


kerchief

源自中古英語 coverchef及其他形式，源自古法語 couvrechief，源自couvrir (“盖住”) + chief (“头”)。

And mamma in her kerchief, and I in my cap, / Had just settled down for a long winter's nap […]

1823, Clement Clark Moore, The Night Before Christmas:


lavender

源自中古英語 lavendre，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 lavendre（法語 lavande），源自中世紀拉丁語 lavendula，可能源自拉丁語 lividus (“浅蓝的”)，但因薰衣草常用于洗衣，而受到了lavō (“洗”)的影响。

lavender：

web lavender：


lavender

more lavender (comparative)
most lavender (superlative)


lavender

用薰衣草装饰或给...予薰衣草香

Short shafts of dying sunlight mingled with the deepening grey, lavendering the horizon, and all nature seemed to hush as though waiting to welcome the night.

1986, Katherine Gibson Fougera, With Custer's Cavalry，第 47 頁:


lookup

look up的拼寫錯誤。


loom

源自中古英語 lome，源自古英語 lōma、ġelōma (“工具，器具，家具”)（亦作andlōma、andġelōma、andlāma (“工具，器具，器皿”)），源自原始西日耳曼語 *lōmō、*lamō (“工具，器皿”)，其词源不详。同源词包括荷蘭語 alaam、allaam (“工具，器具，家具”)，源自中古荷蘭語 andlame。可能原指“反复使用的东西”，若如此，则与古英語 ġelōme (“经常，频繁，反复”)有关，源自原始日耳曼語 *ga- + *lōmiz、*lōmijaz (“停止”)，源自原始印歐語 *lem- (“坏，软”)。
对比古高地德語 giluomo、kilōmo (“经常”)、古高地德語 luomen (“用坏”)、古高地德語 *luomī（如gastluomī (“好客”)内）、古英語 lama (“瘸的”)。见lame。

工具，器具；武器； 一般物品

workloom

Hector, when he sees Andromache overwhelmed with terror, sends her for consolation to the loom and the distaff.

January 8, 1751, Samuel Johnson, "The Mischiefs of Total Idleness" in The Rambler


loom

设得兰群岛方言，表示潜鸟或海鸽，源自古諾爾斯語 lómr，最终源自原始印歐語 *leh₂- (“号叫”)（擬聲詞词根）。


loom

源自古諾爾斯語 ljóma (“发光”)。

The clouds loomed over the mountains.

逼近，将至；（想法等）笼罩（在心头）

With no extra-time to be played and penalties looming, the Portuguese winger pounced on some hesitant City defending to run on to a Wayne Rooney clearance, round Joe Hart and slot home.

2011年August7日, Chris Bevan, “Man City 2 - 3 Man Utd”, 出自 BBC Sport:

In the meantime, SWR staff have warned privately that an acute shortage of rolling stock is looming, because the new trains are not ready.

2021年November3日, Paul Clifton, “Network News: Rolling stock concerns as '701s' "not fit for purpose"”, 出自 RAIL, 第 943 期，第 21 頁:

On no occasion does he [Paul] loom so high, and shine so gloriously, as in the context.

1822, John M. Mason, The Evangelical Ministry Exemplified in the Apostle Paul:


loom

源自古諾爾斯語 ljóma (“发光”)。

（某物在远处显现的）轮廓，影子，阴影


laconic

源自拉丁語 Lacōnicus (“斯巴达的”)，源自古希臘語 Λακωνικός (Lakōnikós, “拉哥尼亚的”)。拉哥尼亚是斯巴达居住和统治的地方，而斯巴达人特点之一就是讲话简短凝练。

more laconic (comparative)
most laconic (superlative)

I grow laconick even beyond laconicism; for sometimes I return only yes, or no, to questionary or petitionary epistles of half a yard long.

August 17, 1736, 亞歷山大·波普, letter to Jonathan Swift:

His sense was strong and his style laconic.

1738, Zachary Grey, An Attempt towards the Character of the Royal Martyr King Charles I:


kibosh

名词词源不详，有下列说法：
* kurbash (“鞭打，抽打”)的无R音变体，源自阿拉伯語 كُرْبَاج (kurbāj, “鞭打，抽打”)，或源自这个词的词源鄂圖曼土耳其語 قرباچ (kırbaç, “鞭打，抽打”)（派生出 土耳其語 kırbaç (“鞭打”)）。
* 源自愛爾蘭語 caidhp bháis (字面意思是“死帽”)，据称其可指英国法官宣判死刑时所戴的黑帽子、死囚被处以绞刑前穿的兜帽、以及一种叫做pitchcapping的酷刑。但是，似乎没有证据证明该词使用于这些义项。
* 源自某意第绪语单词（对比希伯來語 כָּבַשׁ (kavásh, “征服”)），但是没有找到具体何词。
* 源自中古英語 cabochen (“砍掉（头，尤指鹿头），砍头”)，源自中古法語 cabocher (“砍掉（头）”)，源自caboche (“头”, 法国北部，非正式)（派生出中古英語 caboche (“卷心菜菜包”)），源自意大利語 capocchia (“脑袋”, 贬义)，最终源自拉丁語 caput (“头”)。中古英语词据称同化自伦敦俚语。
* 鞋匠俚语kibosh (“一英尺长的铁条，加热后用来熨烫皮革”)。
动词派生自名词

主要用于put on the kibosh或put the kibosh on：限制物，抑制物

Robbing Peter to pay Paul. Gob, that puts the bloody kybosh on it if old sloppy eyes is mucking up the show.

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 12: Cyclops]”, 出自 Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part II [Odyssey]，第 321 頁:

George put the kibosh on the Kirov case and now he's trying to get it right, flying solo in his old age.

1979 November, John le Carré [pseudonym: David John Moore Cornwell], 章號 15, 出自 Smiley’s People (A Borzoi Book), 1st trade版, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, 出版於 1980, →ISBN，第 198 頁:

I know because I worked with the Home Office and the service for many years to accomplish what became the envy of the world. It was being dismantled long before [Theresa] May took office – [David] Blunkett started the rot – but May has the ultimate kibosh.

2013年January31日, Saville Kushner, “Letters: The high price society and officers are paying for policing cuts”, 出自 Alan Rusbridger 編, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，2022-05-17歸檔自原頁面:


kibosh

Philly Kiboshes Blackout Tutoring [title] […] Plan of the Pennsylvania State Council of Defense to ring in a State-wide network of 45 stations for an "educational" blackout test, was nixed by the Office of Censorship after it was okayed by the Third Service Command of the army. Skedded for Thursday (8), purpose of the broadcast was to educate public with air raid warning signals and all Pennsylvanians were urged to listen to instructions as broadcast.

1943年July17日, “Philly Kiboshes Blackout Tutoring”, 出自 The Billboard: The World’s Foremost Amusement Weekly, 第 55 卷, 第 29 期, Cincinnati, Oh.: Roger S. Littleford Jr.; William D. Littleford, →OCLC，第 6 頁，第 1 列:

Deal for network star Henry Morgan to sign a Majestic contract for two albums has fallen thru, with Paul Baron, newly-named artist and repertoire topper at the diskery, kiboshing a deal that virtually had been consummated between his predecessors and Music Corporation of America (MCA).

1947年September6日, “Paul Baron Nixes 2 Morgan Albums”, 出自 Joseph G. Csida 編, The Billboard: The World’s Foremost Amusement Weekly, 第 59 卷, 第 35 期, Cincinnati, Oh.: Roger S. Littleford Jr.; William D. Littleford, →OCLC，第 14 頁，第 3 列:

His second book is full of spirited advice on how to do business deals. According to [Mark] McCormack, this often amounts to keeping lawyers from kiboshing the deal.

1987年December1日, Peter Megargee Brown, “We Have Met the Enemy: The Terrible Truth about Lawyers by Mark H. McCormack, William Morrow, New York, N.Y., 260 pages; $17.95 [book review]”, 出自 Laurence Bodine 編, ABA Journal: The Lawyer’s Magazine, Chicago, Ill.: American Bar Association, →ISSN, →OCLC，第 127 頁:

But this discovery, as cheering as it was, also kiboshed the hypothesis about different-colored varieties of H. simus in different reasons, because the dozen animals at Kianjavato were charcoal gray, just as [Patricia] Wright had originally expected.

1996, David Quammen, “So Huge a Bignes”, 出自 The Song of the Dodo: Island Biogeography in an Age of Extinctions, New York, N.Y.: Scribner, 出版於 2004, →ISBN，第 239 頁:

At which point, Mrs Arbuthnot enters to kibosh her son's prospects, only to be told, when the family facts emerge, that she should marry the high-born roué who has ruined her.

2003年September17日, Michael Billington, “Theatre: A Woman of No Importance, Haymarket Theatre, London [review]”, 出自 Alan Rusbridger 編, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，2022-05-17歸檔自原頁面:

It appears some chump at Revenue and Customs has, against all rules, put a disc or discs containing 25 million child benefit records – names, addresses, National Insurance numbers, bank account details, the lot – in the post and inevitably it has gone missing. […] As several people pointed out, with particular reference to ID cards, this kiboshes any notion that confidential information is safe in government hands.

2007 November 20 (date written), Chris Mullin, 章號 2007, 出自 Ruth Winstone 編, Decline and Fall: Diaries 2005–2010, London: Profile Books, 出版於 2010, →ISBN，第 213–214 頁s:

Fortunately the FA [Football Association], in a rare moment of decisiveness, stepped in to kibosh the plan.

2010年May15日, Andrew Anthony, “Yes, the Capello Index wasn’t a good move, but remember Glenn?”, 出自 The Observer, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，2022-10-11歸檔自原頁面:

Extensive highlights from Glastonbury, an Allied mission to kibosh the German A-bomb and a homage to Arthur Ashe。

2015年June26日, Ali Catterall, Julia Raeside, John Robinson, David Stubbs, “Friday’s best TV”, 出自 Alan Rusbridger 編, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，2022-05-17歸檔自原頁面, subtitle:

Superman bashed Bavarians and kiboshed Krauts with a mix of solemn consecration, righteous anger and cathartic glee.

2021, Roy Schwartz, “The Galactic Golem”, 出自 Is Superman Circumcised?: The Complete Jewish History of the World’s Greatest Hero, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, →ISBN, part III (Mensch of Steel: Fulfilling Jewish Fantasy and Faith)，第 166 頁:


kibosh

可能是bosh (“胡言”)的变体。

Still I wish you a 'Appy New Year, if you care for the kibosh, old Chappie, / Though 'taint 'Igh Art Cards full o' gush and green paint 'll make you and me 'appy. / Wot we want is lucre and larks, love and lotion as much as you'll carry!

1885年January3日, ’Arry [pseudonym], “’Arry on ’Appiness”, 出自 Punch, or The London Charivari, 第 LXXXVIII 卷, London: […] Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., […], →OCLC，第 4 頁，第 1 列:

Gar'n! Gives me the 'ump, all this kibosh 'bout morals, and taste, and all that.

1887年April9日, ’Arry [pseudonym], “Studies from Mr. Punch’s Studio. No. XXIV.”, 出自 Punch, or The London Charivari, 第 XCII 卷, London: […] Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., […], →OCLC，第 172 頁，第 2 列:


kibosh

She was, in very Sooth, among the highest of the Rollers, but Hiram stood for the Bills with nary a Whimper. He was proud to be the Husband of the Lady Ki-Bosh of the Local Knickerbockers.

1904 March, George Ade, “Rugged Hiram and Hiram’s Giddy Wife”, 出自 Breaking into Society, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC，第 34 頁:


kickshaw

Some Pigeons Davy, a couple of ſhort-legg'd Hennes: a / ioynt of Mutton, and any pretty little tine Kickſhawes, / tell William Cooke.

c. 1596–1599, William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]，第 96 頁，第 1 列:

Allow me now to recommend this dish— / A simple kickshaw by your Persian cook, / Such as is served at the great King’s second table.

1820, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Oedipus Tyrannus; Or, Swellfoot The Tyrant: A Tragedy in Two Acts，第 39 頁:

The "Penny Magazine" for 1842 has a good and suggestive paper on "Feasts and Entertainments," with extracts from some of the early dramatists and a woodcut of "a new French cook, to devise fine kickshaws and toys."

1886, William Carew Hazlitt, “The Early Englishman and His Food”, 出自 Old Cookery Books and Ancient Cuisine, 出版於 1902:

The lunch […] consisted […] of […] lobster mayonnaise, cold game sausages, an immense veal and ham pie farced with eggs, truffles, and numberless delicious flavours; besides kickshaws, creams and sweetmeats.

Art thou good at theſe kicke-chawſes Knight?

c. 1601–1602 （写稿日期）, 威廉·莎士比亚, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will [第十二夜]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio（第一对开本）), 伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard和Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]，第 257 頁，第 1 列:


lopsided

more lopsided (comparative)
most lopsided (superlative)

Carrying a heavy suitcase, he walked with a lopsided gait.

他提着很重的箱子，走路时歪到一边。


loudmouth

big mouth

嗓门大的人 （尤指态度高傲的人）

blowhard

嗓门大的人 （尤指态度高傲的人）

blusterer

嗓门大的人 （尤指态度高傲的人）

boaster

嗓门大的人 （尤指态度高傲的人）

braggart

嗓门大的人 （尤指态度高傲的人）

嗓门大的人 （尤指态度高傲的人）

I hear every word spoken by the loudmouth in the next office.

隔壁办公室那个嗓门特别大的人说的每个字我都听得一清二楚。


loup

借自德語 Luppe (“铁块”)。


lousy

lousier (comparative)
lousiest (superlative)

riddled

充满...的，挤满...的 （带贬义）

-ridden

充满...的，挤满...的 （带贬义）

inundated

充满...的，挤满...的 （带贬义）

jam-packed

充满...的，挤满...的 （带贬义）

teeming

充满...的，挤满...的 （带贬义）

No offense, but his cooking is lousy.

无意冒犯，但他做的菜真的难吃。

I cleaned the lousy garage.

我打扫了又脏又乱的车库。

I caught a cold and I've been feeling lousy all week.

我感冒了，我一个星期都特别难受。

I've had enough of lousy backstabbing at this place.

我已经在这个地方上过够多的当了。

充满...的，挤满...的 （带贬义）

The place was lousy with students.

The benignant influence crept like gas through the Row. […] And triangulation might possibly have located it in the Palace Flophouse and Grill. Certainly the Palace was lousy with it. Mack and the boys were charged. Jones was seen to leap from his chair only to do a quick tap dance and sit down again.

[I talked to] Annabeth about the Greek gods who hung out in New York and made her life difficult. Apparently North America was lousy with ancient gods. We had a full-blown infestation.

2016, Rick Riordan, The Hammer of Thor，第 6 頁:


lovelorn

more lovelorn (comparative)
most lovelorn (superlative)

失恋的；恋情屡受挫折的；渴求爱的

Ye lovesick bards! repay her scorn for scorn; / Ye artists lovelorn! madmen that ye are, / Make your best bow to her and bid adieu / Then, if she likes it, she will follow you.

A soft-breasted bird from the sea / Fell in love with the light-house flame; / And it wheeled round the tower on its airiest wing, / And floated and cried like a lovelorn thing;

1890, John Boyle O'Reilly, “A Tragedy”, 出自 In Bohemia:


lovelorn

And when there's a price involved, she can help others but - not herself. She gives advice to the lovelorn every day but she's never been in love herself. Or so I've heard.

1984, Alan Rudolph, Choose Me (motion picture), 角色 Nancy（Geneviève Bujold）:


lecithin

源自法語 lécithine，1847年由Theodore Gobley所造，源自古希臘語 λέκιθος (lékithos, “蛋黄”)。


limp

源自中古英語 limpen (“缺憾”)，源自古英語 limpan，源自原始日耳曼語 *limpaną (“吊着”)，源自原始印歐語 *(s)lemb-、*(s)lembʰ- (“松垮地垂”)。与低地德語 lumpen (“跛脚”)、中古高地德語 limpfen (“蹒跚”)，德語方言词lampen (“松垮地垂”)、冰島語 limpa (“软，弱”)同源。

Dirk Kuyt sandwiched a goal in between Carroll's double as City endured a night of total misery, with captain Carlos Tevez limping off early on with a hamstring strain that puts a serious question mark over his participation in Saturday's FA Cup semi-final against Manchester United at Wembley.

2011年April11日, Phil McNulty, “Liverpool 3 - 0 Man City”, 出自 BBC Sport:

The bomber limped home on one engine.

轰炸机靠着一个引擎艰难地返航了。

limping verses

The business limped through the recession.

生意颠颠簸簸地撑过了经济萧条。


limp

She walks with a limp.

（用来剔除贫矿、杂质等的）刮刀


limp

源自中古英語 *limp、*lemp，源自古英語 *lemp（仅可考于复合词lemphealt (“一瘸一拐”)内），源自原始日耳曼語 *limpaną (“挂着”)，源自原始印歐語 *(s)lemb-、*(s)lembʰ- (“松垮地垂”)。与德語 lampecht (“松弛的”)、冰島語 lempinn、lempiligur (“柔韧的”)同源。见前文。

limper (comparative)
limpest (superlative)

a limp rope

Another line-out was stolen, and when the ball was sent left Clerc stepped and spun through limp challenges from Wilkinson, Chris Ashton and Foden to dive over and make it 11-0.

2011, Tom Fordyce, Rugby World Cup 2011: England 12-19 France http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/15210221.stm


limp

（用来剔除贫矿、杂质等的）刮刀


limp

源自中古英語 limpen，源自古英語 limpan (“发生；存在；属于；适合；有关于”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *limpaną (“滑动，适合”)，源自原始印歐語 *(s)lemb-、*(s)lembʰ- (“松垮地垂”)。与低地蘇格蘭語 limp (“发生”)、中古荷蘭語 limpen (“发生”)、中古低地德語 gelimpen (“缓和”)、中古高地德語 limfen (“合适；成为”)同源。


limp

Louis XIV、James II、Queen Mary of Modena and the Prince of Wales (詹姆斯党内的一个暗号) 之首字母縮略詞。

To intimidate the people, you drew up Resolves, and an Address to his Majesty, founded on evidence from Governor Barnard, the Commissioners of Revenue, Custom-house Officers, and a few poor, expectant and dependent creatures, whom your Limp corresponds with in Boston; and thereby, having imposed upon, and deceived the legislature, sanctified your despotism, at the expence of their last Liberties;

1770, A Lee, The Political Detection: Or, the Treachery and Tyranny of Administration, Both at Home and Abroad;，第 4 頁:

Even if he were set at liberty, what could he do but haunt Jacobite coffeehouses, squeeze oranges, and drink the health of Limp?

1915, Thomas Babington Macaulay Baron Macaulay, Charles Harding Firth, The History of England: from the Accession of James the Second:


leer

不详，可能源自动词*leer (“做鬼脸”)，源自leer (“脸”)。

（不及物）（尤指色眯眯或有敌意地）斜视，斜眼看（+at）

To gild a face with smiles; and leer a man to ruin.


leer

不详，可能源自动词*leer (“做鬼脸”)，源自leer (“脸”)。

（意味深长的）斜视；（色眯眯的）目光


leer

源自中古英語 ler、leor (“脸”)，源自古英語 hlēor (“脸，仪容”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *hleuzą (“耳朵，面容”)，源自原始印歐語 *ḱlews- (“太阳穴，面容”)，源自原始印歐語 *ḱlewe-\*ḱlew- (“听”)。与低地蘇格蘭語 lire、lere (“脸，仪容，面色”)、荷蘭語 lier (“脸”)、瑞典語 lyra (“撅嘴”)、挪威語 lia (“山坡”)、冰島語 hlýr (“脸，面色”)同源。与古英語 hlyst (“听觉，听”)和hlysnan (“听”)有关。

(我們能否查找並添加Holinshed引用過本詞的語句？)

A loueli ladi of lere · in lynnen yclothed / Come down fram a castel.

c. 1390, William Langland, Piers Plowman, I:

（古旧）脸色，气色，面色


leer

源自中古英語 lere，源自古英語 ġelǣr、*lǣre (“空，无，空手的”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *lēziz、*lēzijaz (“空的”)，源自原始印歐語 *les- (“拣”)。与荷蘭語 laar (“林中空地”)德語 leer (“空的”)同源。与古英語 lesan (“收集”)有关。

more leer (comparative)
most leer (superlative)

（古旧）空的，未被占用的

(我們能否查找並添加Gifford引用過本詞的語句？)

（古旧）饥饿的，（因饥饿而）面色苍白的

（英国方言，古旧）瘦弱的，憔悴的

（古旧）未载着货物的，空闲的，还没人骑着的

（古旧）轻浮的，玩闹的，无品位的


leer

源自中古英語 leren，源自古英語 lǣran (“教育，指导，教导，说服，指示，命令，说教”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *laizijaną (“教”)，源自原始印歐語 *leis- (“足迹，痕迹，车辙”)。与荷蘭語 leren (“教”)、德語 lehren (“教”)、瑞典語 lära (“教”)同源。与古英語 lār (“学问，见闻，教育方法，研究，教义，建议，历史，故事，诡诈”)相关。


leery

在1718年，“不信任的，怀疑的”，源自leer + -y或lear (“学识”) + -y。

leerier (comparative)
leeriest (superlative)

小心的，多疑的，有疑虑的

他被狗咬了以后就在动物面前小心翼翼的。

Since he was bitten by a dog when he was young, he has always been leery of animals.


lambaste

1637年首次可考。可能是lam (“打”) + baste (“打”)构成的复合词。

The sergeant lambasted the new recruits daily.

Her first novel was well and truly lambasted by the critics.

他的第一本小说被书评猛烈批评。

Indeed, part of the problem was that Armstrong was rowing back on so much previous behaviour and years of aggressive lambasting of reporters, officials and team-mates who had claimed he was doping. "I don't forgive Lance Armstrong, who lied to me in two interviews. And I suspect most of America won't, either," Kurtz wrote.

2013年January19日, Paul Harris, “Lance Armstrong faces multi-million dollar legal challenges after confession”, 出自 The Guardian:

Labour frontbencher Louise Haigh (Shadow Transport Secretary for heaven's sake!) initially lambasted TOCs before the handful of specialist rail commentators fell on her tweets and she changed her tune, refocusing her fire on Government.

2023年August9日, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Disinterested and dishonest”, 出自 RAIL, 第 989 期，第 3 頁:


ludicrous

首次出现于1619年。源自拉丁語 lūdicrus，源自lūdō (“玩耍”)。

more ludicrous (comparative)
most ludicrous (superlative)

He made a ludicrous attempt to run for office.

他做出了去竞选这种荒唐的事。


kinky

kinkier (comparative)
kinkiest (superlative)

kinky hair

色情的；性反常的，性变态的

Their male customers are often identified as lonely, sleazy, and into kinky sex […]

1994, Roberta Perkins, Sex Work and Sex Workers in Australia, p. ii:

Scars on my back were revealed from when I was whipped by a sadomasochistic ex-lover. I wondered if it bothered anyone, but it only seemed to make everyone harder than they already were. I was a kinky girl.


lullaby

源自中古英語 lullen (“使...镇静”) + bye。首次可考于约1560年。对比古英語 bī, bī (叹词)。

sing a lullaby


lumbago

名词借自晚期拉丁語 lumbāgō (“腰部疼痛”)，源自晚期拉丁語 lumbus (“腰部的”)、拉丁語 lumbus (“腰部”)（最终源自原始印歐語 *lendʰ- (“腰部”)） + -āgō (构成描述物体、动物和植物的名词的后缀)。
动词直接衍生自名词。

/lʌmˈbeɪɡəʊ/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-lumbago.wav

/ˌlʌmˈbeɪˌɡoʊ/

Sir Oswald Feiling winced as he turned to go home. He had felt a warning twinge of lumbago.

1935, Francis Beeding [笔名，原名John Palmer], 章號 VII, 出自 The Norwich Victims, London: Arcturus Publishing, 出版於 2013, →ISBN, →OL, section 2:

We may imagine an athletics coach with a scientific training researching into the physiology and the psychology of runners. [...] He finds out the effects of fatigue, of alcohol, of tobacco, of lumbago and of depression upon their performances.

1953, 吉尔伯特·赖尔, “Dilemma VII: Perception”, 出自 Dilemmas: The Tarner Lectures, 1953, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 出版於 1954 (1987 printing), →ISBN，第 105 頁:


lumbago

/lʌmˈbeɪɡəʊ/

/ˌlʌmˈbeɪˌɡoʊ/


luminescent

more luminescent (comparative)
most luminescent (superlative)

But this does not have the slightly yellow glow of things made with luminescent dye.

2020, N. K. Jemisin, The City We Became, Orbit，第 218 頁:


lummox

不详。首次記錄於1825年，是东安格利亚俚语。可能源自“dumb ox”，受到了lumbering的影响，或者，源自方言词lummock (“笨拙地走”)或与之同源，其亦词源不详。

You've broken the plates, you great lummox!

盘子被你弄碎了，大傻子！

I love you, Gal. You're lovable. Big lovable bloke. Loveable lump. Loveable lummox. Gal Dove, party boy. Big oaf.

2000, Louis Mellis, David Scinto, Sexy Beast (motion picture), 角色 Don Logan（Ben Kingsley）:


lunatic

源自中古英語 lunatik，源自古法語 lunatique，源自晚期拉丁語 lunaticus (“精神错乱的”)，派生自拉丁語 luna (“月亮”)，源自“月亮”一词是因为人们相信月亮样子的改变会引人间歇性疯狂。


lunatic

more lunatic (comparative)
most lunatic (superlative)


lancer

发音
*
*
*
:lancer
#使用枪的骑兵
#一种四人组的舞


klutz

源自意第緒語 קלאָץ (klots, 字面意思是“木梁”)，与德語 Klotz (“块”)同源。

Well, that's all right, then, Brian. Sit down. Have a scone. Make yourself at home. You klutz!

1979, Monty Python's Life of Brian, 角色 Reg（John Cleese）:

"Out of [one abortion doctor's] first six months of work, there are nine malpractice suits ... After it was apparent the guy was a klutz, they kept using him, and trying to cover for him, because they couldn't find another provider."

1990年June3日, Dr. Robert Crist, abortion doctor（被引）, St. Petersburg Times:

"Mel, back home we'd call you a klutz." / Melissa: "Use a lot of Yiddish back in Texas, do you?"

2003, Greg Rucka, Ultimate Daredevil and Elektra:


landlocked

被陆地包围的，内陆的，不临海的

Switzerland is landlocked and obviously will never be a great sea power and must always trade overland.

瑞士是内陆国家，因此不会有很强的海军实力，只能进行陆地贸易。

Located in Kowloon, with an area of 9.36 km², Wong Tai Sin is the only district in Hong Kong that is totally landlocked. It has a population of 420,183 (2011) and a high density of 44.891/km².

2020, Eunice Mei Feng Seng, Resistant City: Histories, Maps and the Architecture of Development, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC，第 https://books.google.com/books?id=4mLcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT228 頁，第 1, 2 列s:

淡水的，内陆水域的 （形容生活在淡水中的动物）

An easement of necessity, said the court, may be provided when property is landlocked and the owner needs access to that property from a public highway.

2005, Washington Legislative Reference Bureau, State of Wisconsin Blue Book, 2005-2006，第 610 頁:

In some states, the law allows for easements by necessity, especially in circumstances where a property is landlocked.

2005, Thomas J. McEvoy, Owning and Managing Forests: A Guide to Legal, Financial, and Practical Matters，第 49 頁:

For example, if a property is landlocked (entirely surrounded by other privately owned land) and has no access to a public street...

2006, Real Estate Principles, Rockwell publishing，第 114 頁:


lurch

原为航海用语，借自法語 lâcher (“放开”)。

the lurch of a ship, or of a drunkard

The ship was driving rapidly towards the rocky coast, against which she must have been dashed to pieces had she kept afloat a few minutes longer, but she gave a lurch and went down, rose again for an instant, and with another lurch sank, and all was over,—and there were nearly two hundred and fifty human beings struggling with the waves.

1850, William O. S. Gilly, “The Tribune”, 出自 Narratives of Shipwrecks of the Royal Navy […] , London: John W. Parker:


lurch

原为航海用语，借自法語 lâcher (“放开”)。


lurch

源自拉丁語 lurcāre。

Too far off from great cities, which may hinder business; too near them, which lurcheth all provisions, and maketh everything dear.

1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Building”, 出自 The Essayes […], 3rd版, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:


lurch

源自中古英語 *lurche（由lurching推测出），源自古法語 lourche (“被骗的；尴尬的；一种游戏”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *lort (“左；左撇子的；扭曲的；弯曲的；变形的；狡诈的；跛脚的”)。与英語 lirt同源。


lurch

And in the brunt of seventeen battles since / He lurched all swords of the garland.

c. 1608–1609, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:


lanky

lankier (comparative)
lankiest (superlative)