pox

源自中古英語 pocke的复数形式。见pock。

Jack had a moſt ſcandalous tongue, and perſuaded Peg that all mankind, beſides himſelf, were pox'd by that ſcarlet-faced whore, †Signiora Bubonia. “As for his brother Lord Peter, the tokens were evident on him, blotches, ſcabs, and the corona. […]”

[1750?], Dr. [John] Arbuthnot, “The History of John Bull: Part II, Chapter III”, 出自 The History of John Bull [by Dr. Arbuthnot]. And Poems on ſeveral Occasions by Dr. Jonathan Swift, with Several Miſcellaneous Pieces, by Dr. Swift and Mr. Pope, London: D. Midwinter, A. Tonson，第 60 頁:


precious

源自中古英語 precious，借自古法語 precios (“珍贵的，昂贵的，宝贝的，至爱的；做作的”)，源自拉丁語 pretiōsus (“珍贵的，昂贵的”)，源自pretium (“价值，价格”)，参见price。

more precious (comparative)
most precious (superlative)

People are a good thing, the most precious resource in a rich economy, so the progressive-minded feel. Only misanthropists disagree or the dottier Malthusians who send green-ink tweets deploring any state assistance for child-rearing.

2013年August16日, Polly Toynbee, “Britain's booming birthrate”, 出自 The Guardian Weekly, 第 189 卷, 第 10 期，第 21 頁:

The crown had many precious gemstones.

那个皇冠上镶着很多昂贵的宝石。

My precious daughter is to marry.

He spent hours painting the eyes of the portrait, which his fellow artists regarded as a bit precious.

Writers are often very precious about their work.

Hearing what a struggle it was for her, I began to understand why some people are so precious about being Irish. Being second-generation Irish, she had the option to hide behind her accent. Instead she would thump her fist to defend Irish people from those speaking out against them.

2016年November20日, Katie Walsh, “Why are Irish people so precious about Irishness?”, 出自 The Irish Times, Dublin: Irish Times Trust, →ISSN, →OCLC，2023-04-01歸檔自原頁面:

It’s all owing to your precious caution that they got hold of it. If you had let me burn it, and taken my word that it was gone, it would have been a heap of ashes behind the fire, instead of being whole and sound, inside of my great-coat.

1839, Charles Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby:

In the abstract, Stuhlbarg’s twinkly-eyed sidekick suggests Joe Pesci in Lethal Weapon 2 by way of late-period Robin Williams with an alien twist, but Stuhlbarg makes a character that easily could have come across as precious into a surprisingly palatable, even charming man.

2012年May24日, Nathan Rabin, “Film: Reviews: Men In Black 3”, 出自 The Onion AV Club:

a precious rascal


precious

“It isn't fair, my precious, is it, to ask us what it's got in its nassty little pocketses?”

She sat down with the dogs in her lap. "I won't neglect you for any one, will I, my preciouses?"

1909, Mrs. Teignmouth Shore, The Pride of the Graftons，第 57 頁:


precious

非常 （语气加强，参见用法说明）

There is precious little we can do.

Precious few pictures of him exist.


predisposition

倾向；素质；易罹病的素质


predominant

占优势的；主要的；流行的；显著的


prelude

源自中古法語 prélude (“测试性地演奏乐器”)，源自中世紀拉丁語 preludium，源自拉丁語 praelūdere。

intrada

序曲，前奏曲 （自17世纪50年代）

overture

序曲，前奏曲 （自17世纪50年代）

序曲，前奏曲 （自17世纪50年代）

（默认导入的）标准库或标准函数

In the same way that Rust has a general prelude that brings certain types and functions into scope automatically, the std::io module has its own prelude of common types and functions you'll need when working with I/O.

2018, Steve Klabnik, Carol Nichols, The Rust Programming Language, No Starch Press, →ISBN，第 232 頁:

Swimmings of the head and intestinal pains seemed the prelude of dissolution.

1869, William Chambers, Robert Chambers, Chambers's Miscellany of Instructive & Entertaining Tracts (page 2)

On the other hand, the nationalitarian phenomenon is one in which the struggle against the imperialist powers of occupation has as its object, beyond the clearing of the national territory, the independence and sovereignty of the national State, uprooting in depth the positions of the ex-colonial power— the reconquest of the power of decision in all domains of national life, the prelude to that reconquest of identity which is at the heart of the renaissance undertaken on the basis of fundamental national demands, and ceaselessly contested, by every means available, on every level, and notably on the internal level'.

1981, Anouar Abdel-Malek, Social Dialectics: Nation and Revolution，第 13 頁:


prelude

将...作为序曲、序章等引入

We are preluding too largely, and must come at once to the point.

1829, Francis Jeffrey, "Heman's Poems", in The Edinburgh Review October 1829


preponderance

preponderancy

（数量上的）优势；大量，很多，众多

preponderancy

（影响力、实力、质量上的）优势，优越性

preponderation

（影响力、实力、质量上的）优势，优越性

（数量上的）优势；大量，很多，众多

[S]trong proofs are at hand to shew, that in the Irish people there is a large admixture, if not an overwhelming praeponderance, of Iberian elements.

1857, R[obert] Harries Jones, “Part the Second”, 出自 The Japhetic Races. A Historical and Ethnological Inquiry into the Consanguinity of Various European Races. […], Göttingen: Printed at the University Press by W. Fr. Kaestner, →OCLC, section II，第 36 頁:

Is there a preponderance of female protagonists in commercial fiction, and if so, what does it mean?

1997年August17日, Patricia Holt, “Just add sand; trash fiction for end-of-the summer beach reading”, 出自 San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco, Calif.: Hearst Communications, →ISSN, →OCLC，第 1 頁:

Subtle, institutional discrimination was evident in the preponderance of blacks and underprivileged whites fighting the war.

2000年April17日, Paul Van Slambrouck, “California’s brightest star is, well, gray”, 出自 The Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Mass.: Christian Science Publishing Society, →ISSN, →OCLC:

（影响力、实力、质量上的）优势，优越性

In a few weeks he [William III of England] had changed the relative position of all the states in Europe, and had restored the equilibrium which the preponderance of one power had destroyed.

1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 章號 XI, 出自 The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, 第 III 卷, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC，第 49 頁:

But even less disgruntled observers have insisted that pain and unpleasure are more common in dreams than pleasure: for instance, Scholz (1893, 57), Volkelt (1875, 80), and others. Indeed two ladies, Florence Hallam and Sarah Weed (1896, 499), have actually given statistical expression, based on a study of their own dreams, to the preponderance of unpleasure in dreaming.

1953, Sigmund Freud, “Distortion in Dreams”, 出自 James Strachey（譯者）, The Interpretation of Dreams (First Part) (The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud), 第 IV 卷, London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 出版於 1971, →ISBN，第 134 頁:


privilege

优惠；特许；特许权；特权


procession

源自中古英語 processioun，借自古法語 pourciession，源自拉丁語 prōcessiō (“行进，前进；（晚期拉丁语）宗教队伍”)，源自prōcēdere，prōcessus (“前行，前进”)的过去分词，详见proceed。

行列，队伍，队列；游行队伍

a procession of mourners

the Lord Mayor's procession

The final fifty miles of the race was a procession with little change in the relative positions of the cars […]
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

一系列按顺序的事件，发生的事

In many a form I see thee oft
In myriad manners are thy praises told
In old processions carved on Grecian urns

Before he closed and opened his eyes, the bails on the wicket behind Johnny Masih were shattered. That was the beginning of a procession. The second ball clean bowled the batsman. The third ball was a catch for the wicketkeeper.

2012, K. L. Mohana Varma, Cricket-Indo: The Story of an Indo-Pak One-Day Cricket Turf War，第 205 頁:

Scotland moved nicely to 45 without loss before I took the first wicket and then it became a procession.

2015, Steve Dolman, Edwin Smith: A Life in Derbyshire Cricket，第 36 頁:


procession

To procession the lands of such persons as desire it.

1856, Alexander Mansfield Burrill, A Law Dictionary and Glossary, PROCESSIONING:


prominent

more prominent (comparative)
most prominent (superlative)


proportional

相称的；成比例的
* 正體: 比例[電子計算機]


proposal

/pɹəˈpəʊzəl/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-proposal.wav

提议，建议；推荐；打算
propos + al


proximate

贴近的；近似的；即将到来的


prodent

谨慎的；慎重的；精明的；节俭的


metallocene

茂金属，茂基金属，金属环戊二烯配合物


oligomer

/əˈlɪ.ɡə.məɹ/


anticlinal

形容詞
*［地质］背斜的
*［化学］描述90°-150°的扭转角


radiograph

放射照片
* 正體: 放射線照片[電子計算機]


radius

:< 拉丁語 radius （“光线”）。


rancher

大牧场主(或工人)；大农场主(或工人)；大牧场


rear

来自中古英語 reren (“抬升、提升”)，古英語 rǣran (“抬升、竖立、促进、提升、创立、激发、唤醒、唤起、煽动”)，原始日耳曼語 *raizijaną、*raisijaną (“使上升”)，原始印歐語 *h₁rey- (“抬起某物本身、上升”)。
与低地蘇格蘭語 rere (“构建、建设”)，冰島語 reisa (“使提升”)，哥特語 𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (raisjan, “使上升、抬起、建立”)，德語 reisen (“旅行”, 字面意思是“起身离开”)同源，且是raise 的同源對似詞。另请参见rise。
与rise（上升）和raise（提升）有关，两个词曾用于rear现在的几个古老或过时的意义，以及用于rear目前在英语其他方言中更常见的一些意义。

抚养成熟某物，如后代；教育；指导；培养。

He wants a father to protect his youth, and rear him up to virtue.
#*:: 他希望有一个父亲来保护他的青春，培养他的美德。

1694, Thomas Southerne, Isabella: Or The Fatal Marriage

The family has been rearing cattle for 200 years.

这家人在200年中一直饲养牛。

The horse was shocked, and thus reared.

这匹马受到了惊吓，于是用后腿站了起来。

物理上或比喻上升高；抬出；使上升，抬升。

贫困露出了它的丑陋面目。

Poverty reared its ugly head. （出现了，开始了，开始有效果了）

怪物慢慢地抬起头来。

建造防御或房子。

在一个政府的废墟上建立另一个政府。

to rear one government on the ruins of another.


reckon

数，计数；看作，认为
參見：reckoning


recondition

修理，修复，修整；改革，改善


relapse

源自拉丁語 relapsus，relabi (“向后滑，掉回”)的过去分词，源自re- (“反，往后”) + labi (“滑，落”)。

倒退回，恢复，回到 （某种状态或行为）

Then we relapsed into a discomfited silence, and wished we were anywhere else. But Miss Thorn relieved the situation by laughing aloud, and with such a hearty enjoyment that instead of getting angry and more mortified we began to laugh ourselves, and instantly felt better.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年）, Winston Churchill, 章號 5, 出自 The Celebrity: An Episode, 紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

He has improved recently but keeps relapsing into states of utter confusion.

他近来情况有所好转，但是总是有混乱状态复发。

to relapse into a stupor, into vice, or into barbarism

重新陷入神志不清的状态，重新走上犯罪道路，重回野蛮

to relapse into slumber after being disturbed

反复，复发，恶化 （在好转一段时间后）

指戒除自残、酗酒、吸毒等之后又

relapsed after 5 months of being clean

戒酒/戒毒等5个月后又开始饮酒/吸毒


relapse

a drug relapse

Alas! from what high hope to what relapse / Unlooked for are we fallen!

1671, John Milton, “The Second Book”, 出自 Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, 倫敦: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC:


relevance

相关；中肯；恰当
* 正體: 關聯[電子計算機]


reliability

可靠性
* [简体]:可靠性[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:可靠性[電子電機工程]
* [简体]:可靠性[通信]
* [正體]:可靠性，可靠度[通訊]
* 正體: 可靠度[電機工程]
* 正體: 可靠性，可靠度[通訊工程]
* 正體: 可靠度；可靠性[自由軟體]
* 简体: 可靠性[自由软体]
* 正體: 可靠度；可靠性[電子計算機]


remittent

more remittent (comparative)
most remittent (superlative)

A remittent fever is when at certain periods the fever is more violent than at others, but the patient never intirely free from it.

1761, Hugh Smith, The Family Physician, London, p. 3, footnote,

Yet nine years elapsed before it [the dictionary] saw the light. His throes in bringing it forth had been severe and remittent, and at last we may almost conclude that the Caesarian operation was performed by the knife of Churchill, whose upbraiding satire, I dare say, made Johnson’s friends urge him to dispatch.

1791, James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson, 第 1 卷, London: Charles Dilly，第 176 頁:

I bethought myself to go upstairs and see how the dying woman sped, who lay there almost unheeded: the very servants paid her but a remittent attention: the hired nurse, being little looked after, would slip out of the room whenever she could.

1847, Charlotte Brontë, 章號 21, 出自 Jane Eyre:

The noise of the conflict, the shouting and roar of an uncounted multitude of men in the heat and fury of combat, not to more than mention the evidences of the conflict—arrows, bolts, and stones in overflight and falling in remittent showers—would have dispersed them in ordinary mood; but they were under protection—the Madonna was leading them—to be afraid was to deny her saving grace.

1893, Lew Wallace, The Prince of India, or Why Constantinople Fell, New York: Harper, Volume 2, Book 6, Chapter 9, p. 404,

The evening was a little chilly, and a fire of logs had been lighted in the study where we were, and the remittent flame and the glow on the walls reminded me of the old days.

1895, Arthur Machen, “Adventure of the Missing Brother”, 出自 The Three Impostors, London: John Lane，第 97 頁:

（指症状）缓和的，减轻的

[…] the long, long fever of life, which with him never knew a remittent moment, had robbed him of that which every man has a right to expect, some pleasure in the course of his existence.

1875, Charlotte Riddell, 章號 14, 出自 The Uninhabited House:


remittent

If you would have died from fever, you would have died at Ujiji when you had that severe attack of remittent.

1872, Henry Morton Stanley, 章號 15, 出自 How I Found Livingstone, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Low, and Searle，第 598 頁:


repulsion

排斥；反感；厌恶
* 正體: 推斥；斥力[電機工程]


resistant

有抵抗力的；反抗的；有耐药性的


resoluble

可分解的；可溶解的；可解决的


resume

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 resumer，中古法語 resumer，源自拉丁語 resumere，源自 re- + sumere。

重新开始做已经暂停或停止的事情


resume

借自法語 résumé，résumer的過去分詞，源自拉丁語 resūmere; 對照 resume。

梗概；个人简历。用于介绍个人的教育和工作经历。


ridicule

a subject of ridicule 嘲笑的話題 / 對象
參見：ridiculous


ridiculous

借自拉丁語 rīdiculus (“可笑的，荒唐的”)，参见ridicule。

more ridiculous (comparative)
most ridiculous (superlative)

silly

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

willy nilly

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

frivolous

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

goofy

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

funny

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

humorous

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

absurd

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

odd

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

surreal

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

unreasonable

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

straightforward

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

serious

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

somber

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

solemn

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

荒唐的，可笑的，愚蠢的，滑稽的

That hairstyle looks ridiculous.

It's ridiculous to charge so much for a little souvenir.

一点纪念品收那么多钱也太离谱了。

You make ridiculous statements a lot, like saying that UFOs are real.

你总是说些荒诞不经的话，比如什么UFO是真的之类的。

In a ridiculous feat of engineering, the team can calculate the difference in arrival time to within one-tenth of a nanosecond.

在工程学界的一项难以置信的壮举中，那个团队能够在1/10纳秒内计算出粒子达到时间差。

Gaines is a classic motor player with a low center of gravity and ridiculous strength.


rumor

〈及物，多用于被动〉传播传言；传播流言


sanatorium

拉丁語 sanatus的叠音脱落形式，sānō (“治疗”)的过去分词 + 拉丁語 -torium。或者，是sanitarium受到了curatorium和moratorium等词影响之后的变换形式。

/ˌsænəˈtɔɹiəm/


schizophrenia

首次可考于1908年，源自新拉丁語 schizophrenia，源自德語 Schizophrenie，尤金·布鲁勒所造，源自古希臘語 σχίζω (skhízō, “分开，分裂”) + φρήν (phrḗn, “心智”) + 英語 -ia。

[…] one can understand how the cultural disorientation which beset the African Continent has confused Africa's political behaviour, creating a political schizophrenia that made nation-building impossible.

2006, Bertus Praeg, Ethiopia and Political Renaissance in Africa，第 213 頁:

Nevertheless, a certain amount of schizophrenia pertains to the study of World Englishes as New Englishes, for while new Englishes are regarded as valid varieties in their own right, the description and delineation of them in linguistic terms is conducted through the gaze of native-speaker norms.

2012, James Lambert, “Beyond Hobson-Jobson: A new lexicography for Indian English”, 出自 World Englishes，第 305 頁:


screw

:< 中古法语 escroue（槽）（> 现代法语 écrou） < 拉丁语 scrofa（母猪）。指类似螺钉形的野猪阴茎龟头。


scrupulous

more scrupulous (comparative)
most scrupulous (superlative)

He is scrupulous in his finances.

他在自己的资金方面一丝不苟。

He is a scrupulous businessman and always acts in the best interest of his company.

他是个负责任的商人，总是以公司的最大效益为目标。

Because I have a scrupulous conscience, I sometimes need to be reminded that not everything I do is sinful.

因为我经常道德心泛滥，所以我有时候需要人提醒我做的事情并非都是罪过。


secretive

more secretive (comparative)
most secretive (superlative)


sedentary

源自中古法語 sédentaire，源自拉丁語 sedentārius (“坐着的”)，源自sedeō (“坐”)。

more sedentary (comparative)
most sedentary (superlative)

很少移动的；停留于附近的

The oyster is a sedentary mollusk; the barnacles are sedentary crustaceans.

[…]the Egyptians; whose Sages were not sedentary, scholastic Sophists, like the Grecian[…]

1765 [1738], Bishop William Warburton, The Divine Legation of Moses Demonstrated，第 220 頁:

[…]that any education that confined itself to sedentary pursuits was essentially imperfect, that the body as well as the mind should be cultivated[…]

1844年October3日, Benjamin Disraeli, The Acquirement of Knowledge, An address delivered to the members of the Manchester Athenæum:

不活跃的，平静的，缓慢的

Such restless revolution day by day
 Repeated, while the sedentary earth
 That better might with far less compass move[…]

1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

The Soul, considered abstractedly from its Passions, is of a remiss and sedentary Nature, slow in its Resolves, and languishing in its Executions.

1711年December22日, Joseph Addison, “No. 255”, 出自 The Spectator:

till length of years
 And sedentary numbness craze my limbs
 To a contemptible old age obscure.

1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […]”, 出自 Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, 倫敦: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC，第 569-571 行s:


sedentary

Endosomatic electrodermal activity (skin potential level and skin potential response) as an indirect indicator of sympathetic nervous system activity was measured in 35 sedentary male students and 22 trained athletes of two groups during resting and after an acute exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of skin potential parameters between sedentaries and trained athletes before and after the acute exercise in bicycle ergometer.

1998, Effect of acute exercise on skin potential in sedentaries and trained athletes.:

The non-sedentaries rather do not without grain or rice, but the sedentaries have, in Wirth's table, not much less sheep and goats than the non-sedentaries. That is a reason to suppose that the sedentaries can cope without the non-sedentaries

With the decline and eventual downfall of the south, it was their relationship with the Arab sedentaries of the north which assumed greater importance;

2005, The Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 1, Volume 2，第 19 頁:

Smiths are not nomadic among the nomads and sedentary among the sedentaries, nor half-nomadic among the nomads, half-sedentary among sedentaries.

2012, Deleuze, The Dark Precursor: Dialectic, Structure, Being，第 37 頁:

"These baths are great both for active people like sportsmen, as well as for sedentaries who spend too much time behind their desks," explains Dicioni Lino

2015, Road to Beauty Day 8: Hairstyling Tips on the Road:


seep

sipe的变体，其源自中古英語 *sipen，源自古英語 sipian，源自原始日耳曼語 *sipōną，派生自*sīpaną（对比中古荷蘭語 sīpen (“滴”)、德國低地德語 siepern (“渗透”)，古旧德語 seifen (“滴血”)），源自原始印歐語 *seyb-、*sib- (“倒出，滴”)（对比拉丁語 sēbum (“板油”)、古希臘語 εἴβω (eíbō, “滴”)。参见soap。

Water has seeped through the roof.

The water steadily seeped in through the thirl.

水不断地从钻孔渗透进来。

Woe seeped through her heart thinking of what had befallen their ethnic group.

想到自己的种族的遭遇，她的心中充满了悲痛。

Fear began to seep into the local community over the contamination of their fishpond.

害怕鱼塘被污染的恐惧开始在当地群众间传播。

The resistance movement against the invaders had slowly seeped away.

反抗侵略者的抵抗活动已经慢慢平息下来。

The crack is seeping water.

If the crack is seeping water, the foam totally stops the leakage.

Just when I thought I was done checking it over, I smelled coolant....remove the engine cover and bam! 1 inch crack is seeping coolant!


seep

Another idea was that filamentous bacteria covering the hairs [of the Yeti crab] would either neutralize gases emitted from the vent or serve the crab directly as a food source. And this last idea received support when a second species of Yeti crab was discovered on cold seeps on the deep-sea floor near Costa Rica.

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings，第 356 頁:


segregation

/sɛɡɹəˈɡeɪ̯ʃən/


sensational

感觉的；轰动的，耸人听闻的


sensitivity

sĕnsĭtĭv′ĭtē


sewage

污水:包含動植物物體的懸浮液或溶液，泥水和暴雨，或含化學物質溶液的液態廢棄物。


shift

標準英音，通用美式，加拿大

標準英音，通用美式，加拿大


shift

標準英音，通用美式，加拿大

標準英音，通用美式，加拿大


shrewd

约1300年，中古英語 schrewed (“堕落的，邪恶的”, 字面意思是“受诅咒的”)，源自schrewen (“诅咒”)，源自schrewe、schrowe、screwe (“邪恶的人或物”)，源自古英語 scrēawa (“邪恶的人”, 字面意思是“咬人的人或物”)。等价于shrew + -ed。还见shrew
“精明”一意出现于16世纪初叶，在17世纪前逐渐得到正面意。

shrewder (comparative)
shrewdest (superlative)

会在城里混的，会在江湖上混的

Willie is very aware of this fact and lets Johnny Attell know that there is a fly in the ointment, and Johnny, who is a very shrewd article, has his chauffeur drive him to Bradford Street so he can change the kid's mind.

2003, Ron Ross, Bummy Davis vs. Murder, Inc，第 287 頁:

The most persistent tormentor was Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain, who scored a hat-trick in last month’s corresponding fixture in Iceland. His ability to run at defences is instantly striking, but it is his clever use of possession that has persuaded some shrewd judges that he is an even better prospect than Theo Walcott.

2011年November10日, Jeremy Wilson, “England Under 21 5 Iceland Under 21 0: match report”, 出自 Telegraph:

a shrewd guess

a shrewd blow, or assault

a shrewd wind

They were wont to please the Fairies, that they might doe them no shrewd turnes, by sweeping clean the Hearth and setting by it […]

1687, John Aubrey, Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme，第 29 頁:


shriek

源自弃用词shrick（1567年）、shreke，早期形式screak、skricke的变体（1500年代前），源自中古英語 scrycke，源自某北日耳曼語支/斯堪的纳维亚语言（对比瑞典語 skrika、丹麥語 skrige、冰島語 skríkja），源自原始日耳曼語 *skrīkijaną、*skrik-（对比英語 screech）。还见screech。


shriek

Feebly ſhe ſhriekt, but ſo feebly indeed / That Britomart heard not the ſhrilling ſound.

1596, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book IV, Canto VII”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 4，第 95 頁:

It was the owl that shrieked.

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

"[O]h, yes! the loon does shriek dreadfully - particularly when there's fine rain[.]"

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, 譯者 H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales，第 286 頁:

The ghostly owl, shrieking his baleful note.

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book I, Canto IX”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 33:

She shrieked his name to the dark woods.


slander

源自中古英語 slaundre、sclaundre，源自古法語 esclandre，源自教會拉丁語 scandalum (“绊脚物，诱惑”)，源自古希臘語 σκάνδαλον (skándalon, “丑闻”)。scandal 的同源對似詞。


slope

亞洲血統的人（極具冒犯及侮辱性用語）


sneer

可能与中古高地德語 snerren (“讲八卦”)有关。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-sneer.wav

So General Oakfield's friends taunted him with having been beaten, and Blackeston's friends sneered at him for not having called the general out. Blackeston, a studious and sensitive man, felt the taunts of his friends as only a student can.

1890, Henry Kingsley, Old Margaret: And Other Stories，第 393 頁:

to sneer fulsome lies at a person

There was a quick scuffle within the cabin. "Leave me alone, I say, and git!" cried the cook. "Can't I be friendly without you hollerin?" sneered the miner. "You wouldn't have been 'lowed to stay round here if it hadn't been for me."


sneer

可能与中古高地德語 snerren (“讲八卦”)有关。

He supposed then (with a sneer—M. Paul could sneer supremely, curling his lip, opening his nostrils, contracting his eyelids)—he supposed there was but one form of appeal to which I would listen [...]

1835, Charlotte Brontë, 章號 XXX, 出自 Villette:

And wordy attacks against slavery drew sneers from observers which were not altogether undeserved. The authors were compared to doctors who offered to a patient nothing more than invectives against the disease which consumed him.

1963, C.L.R. James, The Black Jacobins, 2nd Revised版，第 24 頁:

It was a casual sneer, obviously one of a long line. There was hatred behind it, but of a quiet, chronic type, nothing new or unduly virulent, and he was taken aback by the flicker of amazed incredulity that passed over the younger man's ravaged face.

1963, Margery Allingham, 章號 8, 出自 The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

During [Tucker] Carlson’s keynote, he wedged sneers at his critics for crying “racist!” in between racist remarks about [Ilhan] Omar, jeremiads against the media (“I know there’s a bunch of reporters here, so . . . screw you”), and an attack on Elizabeth Warren and her donors (“She’s a tragedy, because she’s now obsessed with racism, which is why the finance world supports her”)—all to gleeful applause.

2019年July24日, David Austin Walsh, “Flirting With Fascism”, 出自 Jewish Currents:


sociological

社会学的；针对社会问题的


solvent

源自法語 solvent，源自拉丁語 solventem，solvens的宾格单数、solvō的现在分词。等价于solve + -ent。

Furthermore, this increase in risk is comparable to the risk of death from leukemia after long-term exposure to benzene, another solvent, which has the well-known property of causing this type of cancer.

2013 July-August, Philip J. Bushnell, “Solvents, Ethanol, Car Crashes & Tolerance”, 出自 American Scientist:

It explains. And explanation is the true solvent of mystery.

Anglo American Trade (volume 2? volume 17? page 270)


solvent

Surprisingly, this analysis revealed that acute exposure to solvent vapors at concentrations below those associated with long-term effects appears to increase the risk of a fatal automobile accident.


sophisticated

老于世故的，老练的;复杂的；高级的；尖
端的


sow

畜牧学上指母猪，特别是产过小猪的母猪。


specialise

特加指明；列举；使专门；专门研究；专攻


specification

载明，详述；规格，规范；说明书
* 正體: 說明書；規格（書）[電機工程]
* 简体: 规约，规格说明[信息科技]
* 正體: 規格，說明書[計算機]
* 正體: 規格；說明書[自由軟體]
* 简体: 规范；规格说明书[自由软体]
* 正體: 規格；說明書[電子計算機]


spinach

來自中古英語 spinach，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 spinache，來自古法語 espinoche，來自古奧克語 espinarc，來自阿拉伯語 إِسْفَانَاخ (ʔisfānāḵ)，來自波斯語 اسپناخ (espanâx)。


spontaneous

古典借詞，源自晚期拉丁語 spontāneus。

more spontaneous (comparative)
most spontaneous (superlative)

自然产生的，不依赖人工的


stainless

没有污点的；纯洁的；不锈的


stall

古英语的steall, "standing place", "position"。参阅荷兰文的stal, "cattle shed", 德文的Stall, "cattle shed", 古挪威语的Old Norse stallr。与"stand"同源。

（可数） 厩，在牲畜栏舍中用于关单头动物的一栏；

（可数） 摊子，货摊，小的前面开口的商店；

用在沐浴室或厕所中非常小的房间。

（可数） 剧院中正厅前排的座位，接近舞台或大约和舞台在相同水平。

（航空技术） 由于机翼的迎角过大，而引起的飞行器下降；


stall

（航空技术）加大机翼的迎角，从而导致飞行器下降。


stall

想要或实际上导致拖延的行为。


stall

使用拖延策略来抵抗某人；


stethoscope

借自法語 stéthoscope，由听诊器发明者，雷奈克医生所造，等价于stetho- + -scope。


stethoscope

you wish me to submit to be stethoscoped; if so, you shall be gratified, although the prospect of undergoing that, or any other operation at Mr. Pigwidgeon's hands, is not the most agreeable

1852, Marmion Wilme Savage, Reuben Medlicott; or, the Coming Man


stiffness

硬，僵直；坚实；拘谨；不自然


stifle

动词派生自晚期中古英語 stuflen (“因炎热而难以呼吸；淹水，因呛水窒息”) [以及其他形式]，之后词源不详，可能源自stuffen (“通过窒息杀死；因闷热窒息；压制，灭杀；剥夺植物的生长条件”) + -el- (动词的衍生性中缀，可能意指指小，程度增强或反复性动作和事件)。 stuffen派生自古法語 estofer、estouffer (“使...窒息，勒死；（比喻义）压制，抑制”) [以及其他形式]（现代法語 étouffer），变换自estoper、estuper (“阻塞；绷紧，使...变厚”)（现代法語 étouper (“填补”)），受到了estofer (“给...装垫子”)（现代法語 étoffer）的影响。estoper派生自通俗拉丁語 *stuppāre，源自拉丁語 stuppa (“粗亚麻”)（作为填塞材料，源自古希臘語 στύπη (stúpē)、στύππη (stúppē)（对比στυππεῖον (stuppeîon)），可能源自前希臘時期的底層語言）+ -āre。据《牛津英语词典》，其派生自古諾爾斯語 stífla (“筑坝；阻塞”)的说法“在词形和词义方面难有说服力”。
名词派生自动词。

smother

使...窒息；将...闷死

suffocate

使...窒息；将...闷死

使...窒息；将...闷死

I took my leave, being half stifled with the closeness of the room.

1708, Jonathan Swift, Accomplishment of the First Prediction:

The heat was stifling the children.

The army stifled the rebellion.

I desire only to have things fairly represented as they really are; no evidence smothered or stifled.

1723, Daniel Waterland, A Second Vindication of Christ's Divinity:

In fact, there was no suggestion of that, although Wolves deployed men behind the ball to stifle the league leaders in a first-half that proved very frustrating for City.

2011年October29日, Neil Johnston, “Norwich 3-3 Blackburn”, 出自 BBC Sport:

Two firemen tragically stifled in yesterday’s fire when trying to rescue an old lady from her bedroom.

两名消防员在试图将一位老太太从卧室中营救出来时因窒息壮烈牺牲。

The heat felt stifling.


stifle

（动词词义的名词形式）窒息；呼吸困难；压制抑制等


stifle

The stifle (sense 1) is indicated as number 27 in this drawing of a horse.
A dog’s stifle (sense 1) is indicated as number 12 in the above illustration.
名词派生自中古英語 stifle (“四足动物的股骨和胫骨之间的关节”) [以及其他形式]，之后词源不详，可能派生自盎格魯-諾曼語 estive (“腿”)及古法語 estive (“腿”)（对比古法語 estival (“靴，鞋”)）。
动词派生自名词。


stifle

使...的后腿膝关节挫伤，脱臼等 （动物）


stimulation

刺激(作用)；兴奋(作用)
* 正體: 刺激電極[電機工程]


storage

/ˈstɔ.ɹɪd͡ʒ/


strain

盡力睜大(眼睛)，竭力喊叫


streamline

流线；流线型
* 简体: 流线[大气]
* 正體: 流線[氣象]
* 简体: 流线[航海科技]
* 正體: 流線[海事]


stubborn

源自中古英語 stiborne、stibourne、stoburn、stoburne、styburne、stiborn。其词源不详。
一理论认为可能源自*stybor、*stibor，源自古英語 stybb (“树桩”) + 形容词构成后缀 -or，如出现于古英語 bitor、英語 bitter的后缀。

stubborner (comparative)
stubbornest (superlative)

固执的，执拗的；顽固的；坚持不懈的

He is pretty stubborn about his political beliefs, so why bother arguing?

他对自己的政治信念很固执的，何苦和他吵呢？

Blood can make a very stubborn stain on fabrics if not washed properly.

血如果不正确清洗会在布料上留下很顽固的污渍。

（指材料）坚硬而不易弯曲的；难以加工的


stubborn

But I have to say that one thing you inherited from your mother is a whole lot of stubborn.

2003, Dana Stabenow, A Grave Denied, →ISBN，第 86 頁:

That takes a lot of stubborn for a seventy-something man.

2014, Victoria Hamilton, Muffin But Murder, →ISBN:

Stubborn is not eating pizza out of a square pan because you know it won't taste as good as a round one. Stubborn is spending twelve thousand dollars to fix a five-hundred-dollar truck just because it's “your baby.”

2016, Ken Robert Baugh, Just Passing Time, →ISBN:

The extremely low number of control plants infected by stubborn disease suggests that natural spread of stubborn in the vicinity of the experiments is much slower than that reported for psylla-borne greening in South Africa (Schwarz, 1964).

1966, Israel Journal of Botany - Volumes 15-17，第 131 頁:

With evidence that the causal agent of stubborn is spread by insects, control or prevention of this disease will prove more difficult than formerly thought to be.

1967, Walter Reuther, The Citrus Industry, Volume IV, →ISBN，第 129 頁:

Sectorial infection of stubborn could be stable for long periods, but may be manifested once the trees are severely pruned, this causing the system spread of S. citri to other non-infected parts.

2012, Vincenzo Vacante & Uri Gerson, Integrated Control of Citrus Pests in the Mediterranean Region, →ISBN:


studio

（藝術家的）工作室 (gōngzuòshì)，畫室／画室 (huàshì)，雕塑室

（攝影家的）攝影室／摄影室，照相館／照相馆 (zhàoxiàngguǎn)

（影片製作的）電影攝影棚／电影摄影棚，電影製片廠／电影制片厂，廣播電視公司／广播电视公司

（音樂製作的）播音室，錄音室／录音室 (lùyīnshì)

（舞蹈的）工作室 (gōngzuòshì)，教室 (jiàoshì)


sublethal

(毒药的量等)尚不致病的


subscription

预订；预订费；亲笔签名；调配法；下标(处
方)
* [简体]:预约[通信]
* [正體]:預約，用戶卡片(電話)[通訊]
* 正體: 預約，用戶卡片［電話］[通訊工程]
* 正體: 訂閱[電子計算機]


subtle

subtler (comparative)
more subtle (comparative)
subtlest (superlative)
most subtle (superlative)


suffocate

源自拉丁語 suffōcāre，源自sub- (“在...之下”) + fōx (“喉咙”)

（使...）窒息，（使...）缺氧

Open the hatch, he is suffocating in the airlock!

打开舱口！他在气闸室里要窒息了！

It is because of freedom, one netizen replied: Like air, you may not realize its importance, but when suffocating, you would know how precious it is.

2020年November2日, Jiu Xiao, “Chinese Communist Party Officials Push Anti-U.S. Propaganda While Sending Families to Live in the U.S.”, 出自 Minghui:

He suffocated his wife by holding a pillow over her head.

他用枕头盖住妻子的头使她窒息而死。

Let not hemp his windpipe suffocate.

1599, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi]:

（使...）窒息，（使...）喘不过气，压倒

I'm suffocating under this huge workload.

这一大堆工作让我喘不过气来。

If the trend to private cars continues, the more quickly will the road traffic suffocate itself, [...].

1962 April, “London Airport rail link”, 出自 Modern Railways，第 222 頁:

to suffocate fire


suffocate

more suffocate (comparative)
most suffocate (superlative)


suite

(一批)随从人员；套，组；(一套)房间；(一套)家具；


sumptuous

源自法語 somptueux，源自拉丁語 sumptuōsus，源自sūmptus (“耗费，费用”)，源自sumō (“拿”) + -tus (名词构成后缀)。

more sumptuous (comparative)
most sumptuous (superlative)

Though poor the peasant’s hut, his feasts though small,

I wandered on until I came to a sumptuous palace with a garden adorned with fountains and fishponds, and groves and flowers, and orchards laden with delicious fruit.

Cabaye pulled all the strings in a dominant home performance and capped a majestic individual display with a sumptuous first-time finish into the far corner for his second goal of the afternoon.

2012年April21日, Jonathan Jurejko, “Newcastle 3-0 Stoke”, 出自 BBC Sport:


superb

superber (comparative)
superbest (superlative)

极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的


superior

:< 拉丁語 superior （“更高的”） < superus （“上面的”） < super （“在…之上”）。

more superior (comparative)
most superior (superlative)

（位置）上部的, 上方的.

（品質）卓越的, 更好的，更胜一筹的，占優的, 出类拔萃的，超群的.

（位階, 等級）高貴的, 上級的, 高等的.


superior

级别（或地位、职位）更高的人，上级，上司

（用作宗教团体领导的头衔）


swamp

沼泽。恆常的水浸區域，時常與樹木生長結合在一起 ，如炎熱氣候的紅樹林。 (來源： WHIT)


syllabus

借自中世紀拉丁語 syllabus (“列表”)，因一次印刷错误而普及使用。在15世纪70年代版的西塞罗著“Ad Atticum” IV.5和8内，其宾格复数本是 sittybas，卻印刷成了 syllabos。这个变化形式受到了古希臘語 συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō, “放在一起”)的词干的影响，该词衍生出σῠλλᾰβή (sŭllăbḗ, “音节”)；而其实际上来自σιττύβα (sittúba, “羊皮纸标签，目录”)，词源不详。

In the first half of the year, teachers attended the training workshop for the new K-10 Chinese syllabus. In July, almost all the teachers attended the teacher training courses provided by OCAC.

2019年November23日, A Falun Dafa practitioner in Australia, “Eliminating Attachments While Helping Coordinate a Minghui School”, 出自 Minghui:

‘I checked online for a beginner syllabus,’ she say. ‘A syllabus is a plan for how we would work, what I can teach you.’

2020, Abi Daré, The Girl With The Louding Voice, Sceptre，第 183 頁:


sympathetic

/ˌsɪmpəˈθɛtɪk/

同情的；共鸣的；交感神经的
參見：sympathy


symphony

源自中古英語 symphonye，源自古法語 simphonie，源自拉丁語 symphonia，源自古希臘語 συμφωνία (sumphōnía)。可作sym- + -phony分析。sinfonia、symphonia、tsampouna、 和 zampogna 的同源對似詞。


taper

源自中古英語 taper，源自古英語 tapor (“蜡烛，灯芯”)，其词源不详。可能源自拉丁語 papyrus (“纸莎草”，中世纪时指“蜡烛芯”)。若如此，则是papyrus和paper 的同源對似詞。另可能源自凱爾特語族中某个与愛爾蘭語 tapar、威爾士語 tampr (“火把”)有关的词，亦对比梵語 तपती (tápati, “温暖，发热”)。还见tepid。

Strike on the Tinder, hoa: / Giue me a Taper: […]

约1603–1604年, 威廉·莎士比亚, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice [奥赛罗]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (第一对开本), 伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]，第 311 頁，第 157 行:

He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine, receives light without darkening me.

1813年August13日, Thomas Jefferson, Letter to Isaac McPherson:

The red glare of the tapers flung a strange unnatural hue on the painted windows of the little Gothic chapel, where none slept save the noble of name, and the high of blood—purple and crimson, the colours mingled together in fantastic combinations, till the rainbow-hued figures seemed to move with supernatural life.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 XIX, 出自 Francesca Carrara. […], 第 III 卷, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，第 160 頁:

Love used to carry a bow, you know,
But now he carries a taper;
It is either a length of wax aglow,
Or a twist of lighted paper.

the taper of a spire

The legs of the table had a slight taper to them.

Her hair hangs over her ears and flows to a taper at the back of her neck where it is held in place with a wide and circular black clasp.

2005, Michael Ellis, Apollo Rises，第 15 頁:

（点蜡烛用的）木条或燭芯


taper

使...的末端变细或变窄


tenacious

源自拉丁語 tenāx (“紧紧结合的”)，源自tenēre (“拿着，稳着”) + -ious。

more tenacious (comparative)
most tenacious (superlative)

顽固的，顽强的，不懈的，坚定的


thorax

胸；胸廓；胸膛
參見：thoracic


thorough

more thorough (comparative)
most thorough (superlative)


thread

一种长而薄且柔韧的材料，通常具有圆形横截面，用于缝纫、编织或制作绳子。

All of these essays have a common thread.

这些文章都有一个共同点。

一系列消息，通常按主题分组，其中除第一条消息外的所有消息都是对线程中先前消息的回复。

细丝，如花，或任何纤维物质，如树皮。


threshold

/ˈθɹeʃhəʊld/

/ˈθɹɛʃhoʊld/


throaty

(声音等)喉部发出的；沙哑的


throng

源自中古英語 throng、thrang，源自古英語 þrang、ġeþrang (“挤压，人群，吵嚷”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *þrangwą、*þrangwō (“人群”)，源自*þrangwaz (“挤压”)，源自原始印歐語 *trenkʷ- (“殴打，击打；砍劈；按压”)。与荷蘭語 drang、德語 Drang同源。亦对比德語 Gedränge (“人群”)。

Not to know me argues yourselves unknown,
The lowest of your throng.

不认得我证明你们自己不出名，
你们的群体地位最低。

1667, John Milton, “Book 4”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

Perhaps you suppose this throng / Can't keep it up all day long?

1885, Gilbert and Sullivan, “Act 1”, 出自 The Mikado:

Miss Phyllis Morgan, as the hapless heroine dressed in the shabbiest of clothes, appears in the midst of a gay and giddy throng; she apostrophises all and sundry there, including the villain, and has a magnificent scene which always brings down the house, and nightly adds to her histrionic laurels.

1905, Baroness Emmuska Orczy, 章號 2, 出自 The Affair at the Novelty Theatre:

Here, mingled with the Persians, who were rushing to the higher ground with the same effort as ourselves, we remained motionless until sunrise of the next day, so crowded together that the bodies of the slain, held upright by the throng, could nowhere find room to fall, and that in front of me a soldier with his head cut in two, and split into equal halves by a powerful sword stroke, was so pressed on all sides that he stood erect like a stump.

1939, en:Ammianus Marcellinus, John Carew Rolfe, Ammianus Marcellinus, Volume 1, Harvard University Press, page 463:

I imagine throngs of people – well-dressed, sipping spritzes – in front of a boat that, to me, is a coffin which held 700 people.

2019年May12日, Lorenzo Tondo, “I have seen the tragedy of Mediterranean migrants. This ‘art’ makes me feel uneasy”, 出自 The Guardian:


throng

By one o'clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country.

1935, George Goodchild, 章號 5, 出自 Death on the Centre Court:

[…] I have seen the dumb men throng to see him and / The blind to bear him speak: […]
#*:: […] 我看见聋子围拢来瞧他，瞎子围拢去听他讲话； […]

大約1608 William Shakespeare, Coriolanus, Act II scene i:

有一大群人跟隨耶穌，並擁擠他。

Much people followed him, and thronged him.


throng

more throng (comparative)
most throng (superlative)

Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

1903, Samuel Butler, The Way of All Flesh, ch 59:


timid

胆怯的；羞怯的
參見：intimidate


trance

源自中古英語 traunce，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 transe (“对邪恶降临的恐惧；从生到死的过程”)，源自transir (“因恐惧而僵住；死亡”)，源自拉丁語 trānseō (“穿过”)。

出神，恍惚，无意识，昏迷


trance

entrance

使...昏迷，使...出神

使...昏迷，使...出神

The Horned Toad (kɛŋkak) tranced the rivers into being. A bakɔh bird tranced the mountains. The Scrub Bulbul (ˀɛsˀããs) drilled fire into existence with its beak. And, finally, the Bronzed Black Drongo (tɛrhɛɛh) tranced the year […]

2014, Geoffrey Benjamin, Temiar Religion, 1964-2012, page 64:

What is interesting for us here is that Chingkai and her familiars dreamed and tranced the Temiar world into being. […]

1995, Sue Jennings, Kevin Jennings, Theatre, Ritual, and Transformation: The Senoi Temiars, page 111:


trance

动词派生自中古英語 traunce、trauncen、trancen (“四处移动(?)；蹦跳(?);踏地”)（派生出现代英語 trounce，同义，参见该词条）。动词应该派生自名词。

trounce

(英國，以外，棄用，方言，不及物) 踏着沉重的步子走

trounce

(英國，以外，棄用，方言，不及物) 穿过

trounce

(英國，以外，棄用，方言，不及物) 快速地穿过，快速地走过

(英國，以外，棄用，方言，不及物) 踏着沉重的步子走

(英國，以外，棄用，方言，不及物) 穿过

(英國，以外，棄用，方言，不及物) 快速地穿过，快速地走过


trance

trounce

(英國，以外，棄用，方言) 冗长的旅途

(英國，以外，棄用，方言) 冗长的旅途

So saying, he led the way out through halls and trances that were weel kend to my gudesire, and into the auld oak parlour; […]


turgid

源自拉丁語 turgidus (“肿胀的”)，源自turgeō (“肿胀”)。

more turgid (comparative)
most turgid (superlative)

I have a turgid limb.

A vegetable that is fully moist and firm will seem both crisp and more tender than the same vegetable limp from water loss. When we bite down on a vegetable turgid with water, the already-stressed cell walls readily break and the cells burst open; in a limp vegetable, chewing compresses the walls together, and we have to exert much more pressure to break through them.

2004, Harold McGee, 章號 5, 出自 On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:

These were all basic tenets, but the principals wrote them down as if they had never heard them before—and maybe they hadn’t, or at least not for many years. Perhaps that’s why bureaucratic prose becomes so turgid, whatever the bureaucracy.

1976, William Zinsser, On Writing Well, 30th Anniversary Edition, Kindle版, Harper Perennial, 出版於 2012, →ISBN，第 172 頁:

Published TV-scholarship sure reflects this mood. And the numbingly dull quality to most “literary” television analyses is due less to the turgid abstraction scholars employ to make television seem an OK object of aesthetic inquiry […]

1997, David Foster Wallace, “E Unibus Pluram: television and U.S. fiction”, 出自 A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again, Kindle版, Little, Brown Book Group:


tympanum

【人体学】、【解剖学】鼓膜，耳膜；中耳
【建筑学】山花壁面
山形墙两侧之间的三角形空间；拱门内，拱门或下拱门上方的空间，横跨拱门下方的开口


ultraviolet

紫外的，紫外线的；产生紫外线的


unaffected

自然的；不装腔作势的;未受影响的


unanimous

* 来自拉丁语ūnanimus (“of one mind”)，由ūnus (“一个”)和animus (“思想”)构成。

一致同意的；一致的；全場一致，满场一致，眾口一詞。


union

源自中古英語 unyoun，源自古法語 union，源自晚期拉丁語 ūniō, ūniōnem (“合一，結合”)，源自拉丁語 ūnus (“一”)。


unmitigated

未缓和的；未减轻的；十足的，完完全全的


uremia

源自古希臘語 οὖρον (oûron, “尿”) + αἷμα (haîma, “血”)。


ureter

/jʊəˈɹiːtəɹ/


uterus

:< 拉丁語 uterus （“子宫，腹”）。


validity

有效；效力；合法性
* 简体: 有效性[信息科技]
* 正體: 確認，驗證[計算機]
* 正體: 確認；驗證[電子計算機]


valvular

有阀门的；瓣膜的，有瓣的


van

面包车（通常为12座左右）

（铁路上运送包裹、邮件的）厢式货车


vanguard

By some paradoxical evolution rancour and intolerance have been established in the vanguard of primitive Christianity. Mrs. Spoker, in common with many of the stricter disciples of righteousness, was as inclement in demeanour as she was cadaverous in aspect.

1922, Ben Travers, 章號 4, 出自 A Cuckoo in the Nest:

[O]ne minute this "Jihadi John" was struggling to get by, and get accepted, in drizzly England, unemployed with a mortgage to pay and a chip on his shoulder, and the next he stands in brilliant Levantine sunlight, where everything is clear and etched, at the vanguard of some Sunni Risorgimento intent on subjecting the world to its murderous brand of Wahhabi Islam.

2014年November17日, Roger Cohen, “The horror! The horror! The trauma of ISIS [print version: International New York Times, 18 November 2014, page 9]”, 出自 The New York Times:


vasoactive

血管作用的;作用于血管的


versatile

源自拉丁語 versātilis (“容易转的，容易转变的”)，源自versātus，versō (“转；改变”)的过去分词，vertō (“转”)的反复态。

more versatile (comparative)
most versatile (superlative)

[ˈvɜː.səˌtaɪɫ]

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-versatile.wav

double-decker

可攻可受的 （既能插入又能被插入的）

可以改变的；多变的，易变的

The versatile anther is an important step up in flowering plant evolution and it may be the most widespread of all simple anther types.

1996, William G. D'Arcy, 編者William G. D'Arcy, Richard C. Keating, The anther: form, function, and phylogeny:

可攻可受的 （既能插入又能被插入的）

Among men who do engage in anal intercourse, about one-quarter are tops, one-quarter are bottoms, and one-half are versatile.

2017, Simon LeVay, Gay, Straight, and the Reason why: The Science of Sexual Orientation:


viscera

源自拉丁語 viscera (“内脏；肠”)。


viscera

源自拉丁語 viscera (“内脏；肠”)。


volatile

[ˈvɑ.lə.ɾɫ̩]


warehouse

货栈,仓库
* 正體: 倉庫[電子計算機]


zinc

来自德語 Zink，与Zinke有关，来自中古高地德語 zinke，来自古高地德語 zinko，与zint有关，来自原始日耳曼語 *tindaz，来自原始印歐語 *(e)dont-。与古英語 tind、中古低地德語 tinde、冰島語 tindur (“尖刺，耙齒，尖峰，尖顶，城垛”)同源。另见荷蘭語 tinne (“城垛”)、德語 Zinne (“尖顶，城垛”)、丹麥語 tinde (“尖顶，城垛”)、瑞典語 tinne (“耙齒”)，更多词语可见tine。zincum 的同源對似詞。

锌（化學元素，原子序為30，化學符號為Zn）


zinc

zincs
zincing
zinking
zincking
zinced
zinked
zincked


xerox

来自Xerox (“複印機”)（原为商标），来自xerography，来自古希臘語 ξηρός (xērós, “干的”)和γραφή (graphḗ, “书写”)。

把那個影印本遞給我，好嗎？

複印機昨天壞了。


wretched

源自中古英語 wrecched (“经历悲惨的；可悲的，不幸的，不高兴的；贫困的；低贱的；可怜的人”) [以及其他形式]，源自wrecche (“经历悲惨的；可悲的，不幸的，不高兴的；贫困的；低贱的；可鄙的，恶劣的，邪恶的；小气的；无足轻重的”)（源自晚期古英語 wrecc，源自古英語 wreċċa (“被驱逐者”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *wreg- (“跟；猎”)） + -ed (构成形容词的后缀)。 英语词可作wretch (已弃用形容词，与本词同义) + -ed (构成形容词的后缀)分析。

wretcheder (comparative)
more wretched (comparative)
wretchedest (superlative)
most wretched (superlative)

damned

讨厌的，该死的 （表达某事物令自己讨厌）

bloody

讨厌的，该死的 （表达某事物令自己讨厌）

blasted

讨厌的，该死的 （表达某事物令自己讨厌）

bleeding

讨厌的，该死的 （表达某事物令自己讨厌）

I felt wretched after my wife died.

我妻子死了以后我痛不欲生。

Mario Balotelli replaced [Carlos] Tevez but his contribution was so negligible that he suffered the indignity of being substituted himself as time ran out, a development that encapsulated a wretched 90 minutes for City and boss Roberto Mancini。

2011年April11日, Phil McNulty, “Liverpool 3 – 0 Man City”, 出自 BBC Sport，2023-01-27歸檔自原頁面:

The street was full of wretched beggars dressed in rags.

整条街都是衣衫褴褛的低贱乞丐。

All those wretched quarrels, in his humble opinion, stirring up bad blood – bump of combativeness or gland of some kind, erroneously supposed to be about a punctilio of honour and a flag, – were very largely a question of the money question which was at the back of everything, greed and jealousy, people never knowing when to stop.

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 16: Eumaeus]”, 出自 Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos]，第 598 頁:

讨厌的，不好的，令人不舒心的

讨厌的，该死的 （表达某事物令自己讨厌）

Will you please stop playing that wretched trombone!

你能不能别吹你的破长号了。


wrath

来自中古英語 wraththe，wreththe，来自古英語 wrǣþþu，来自原始西日耳曼語 *wraiþiþu，等价于wroth + -th。对比荷蘭語 wreedte (“殘酷”)、丹麥語 vrede、瑞典語 vrede、冰島語 reiði。详见wroth。

許多說英式英語的人認為把元音读作/æ/不正确。


wrath

more wrath (comparative)
most wrath (superlative)


asinine

源自拉丁語 asinīnus (“驴的”)。

more asinine (comparative)
most asinine (superlative)

They danced on silently, softly. Their feet played tricks to the beat of the tireless measure, that exquisitely asinine blare which is England's punishment for having lost America.

1922, Michael Arlen, “2/2/2”, 出自 “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:

Don Quixote had put himself but a little way ayont the village of Don Diego, when he encountered two apparent priests, or students, and two husbandmen, who came mounted on four asinine beasts.

1881, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, The Ingenious Knight: Don Quixote de la Mancha，第 84 頁:


asshole

早期形式arsehole的变体，源自中古英語 arshole、arcehoole，等价于ass + hole。同源词包括挪威語 rasshøl (“屁眼”)、瑞典語 arsle (“屁眼”)。亦对比德語 Arschloch (“屁眼，混蛋”)。自14世纪70年代起可考，取代了早期古英語 earsþyrel (“肛门”, 字面意思是“屁股的洞”)。中古英语中最初的记录作ers hole (Glouc. Cath. Manuscript 19. No. I., dated 1379, cited after OED)、ars-hole (Bodleian Ashmole MS. 1396, dated ca. 1400, ed. Robert Von Fleischhacker as Lanfrank's "Science of Cirurgie", EETS 102, 1894, cited after OED.)
俚语比喻用法可追溯回20世纪，当时，20世纪20年代，用于指让人讨厌的地方（对比shithole），然后至晚在20世纪50年代用来指让人讨厌的人(Harvard Advocate 137, March 1954)。也有同位用法（如“You're an asshole moralist”, T. Chamales, 1957）。

She said she couldn't wiggle when she had the doorknob in her asshole.

1910, “Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York Third Department”, 出自 Google Books, retrieved 2014-07-27:

'You talk as if you were born without an asshole,' he cried to Commander Semmes.

1954, Ira Wolfert, An Act of Love: A Completely Retold Version of the Novel, →OCLC，第 54 頁:

混蛋，混球，傻屄，狗东西

He philosophised all day about Morandi, Klee, Miró and Picasso, and was such an asshole that he spelled "cunt" with a "d".

1965, Jan Cremer, 譯者 R. E. WyngaardandAlexander Trocchi, I, Jan Cremer, →OCLC，第 78 頁:

You oughta have better sense than to trust anyone with anything in this asshole place.

1976, Felix Goodson, Sweet Salt, →ISBN，第 254 頁:

... but when he started bugging the bartender to shut the asshole TV off because he wanted to have a serious discussion...

1979, Ronald Sukenick, Long Talking Bad Conditions Blues, →ISBN，第 83 頁:


asshole

Esshole, Asshole, the hole under the fire to hold ashes.

1775, Tim Bobbin [John Collier], The Miscellaneous Works of Tim Bobbin, Esq., →OCLC，第 68 頁:


astute

拉丁語 astūtus，源自astus (“精明，技艺”)。

astuter (comparative)
astutest (superlative)

astute analysis

astute observation

astute remark

The best headteachers are like submarine captains – cool-headed, astute decision-makers – who trust their colleagues and surroundings to indicate where their ship is headed.

23 September 2014, A teacher, “Choosing a primary school: a teacher's guide for parents”, 出自 The Guardian:


avarice

源自中古英語 avarice，源自古法語，源自拉丁語 avāritia，源自avārus (“贪婪的”)。


aware

more aware (comparative)
awarer (comparative)
most aware (superlative)
awarest (superlative)


Eisen

德語和犹太/意第绪姓氏，源自Eisen (“铁”)。


aziridine

/əˈzɪɹɪdiːn/

氮丙啶，氮丙环，氮杂环丙烷


pyrrole

* 来自德語 Pyrrol，对应古希臘語 πυρρός (purrhós) + -ole。


indolizine

*吲嗪、吲哚嗪，一种有机化合物


Paleogene

paleo- + -gene。源自古希臘語 παλαιός (palaiós, “古老的”) + γενεά (geneá, “世代”)。

古近纪的，与古近纪有关的


Cretaceous

As with the Lejeuneaceae, this pattern of massive speciation appears to be correlated with the Cretaceous explosion of the angiosperms and the simultaneous creation of a host of new microenvironments, differing in humidity, light intensity, texture, etc.

1992年, 魯道夫馬蒂亞斯舒斯特, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, 第 V 卷, 伊州芝加哥: 菲爾德自然史博物館, →ISBN，第 3–4 頁s:


Jurassic

借自法語 Jurassique，名取自瑞士的侏罗山。

His father squinted at the skeleton. “What is it, Jurassic?” “Jeez. No. Cretaceous.” “Cretaceous? What's the difference between Cretaceous and Jurassic?” “Only about a hundred million years,” Tim said. “Cretaceous is older?” “No, Dad, Jurassic is older.”
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1990, Michael Crichton, Jurassic Park, Alfred A. Knopf, p94:

The Jurassic, the Spanish and the Italian federations and sections of the International Working Men's Association, as also the French, the German and the American anarchist groups, were for the next years the chief centres of anarchist thought and propaganda.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1910, Peter Kropotkin, “Anarchism”, in Encyclopædia Britannica.

Those fears and excuses seem positively Jurassic more than eighty years later.

2009 March, Byron Rempel, “Women's Ski Jumping Takes Aim at the Winter Olympics”, 出自 Skiing Heritage Journal, 第 21 卷, 第 1 號，第 17= 頁:

For every three shops or restaurants that looked as if they might have had a poster of Che Guevara somewhere on the premises, there was one stubborn Jurassic retailer offering knit suits for older women or an Italian restaurant that offered all-you-can-eat garlic bread and didn't call itself a trattoria.

2017, Dean Koontz, The Silent Corner，第 93 頁:

Well, thirty compared to twenty-five seemed Jurassic to me back then.

2017, Giuliana Prada, Hiding Boys in Bathrooms: A Decade of Dating Debacles:


Jurassic

借自法語 Jurassique，名取自瑞士的侏罗山。

[p 108] Like the Forest Marble Beds in the Middle Jurassic, the Purbeck Beds of the Upper Jurassic are deltaic or estuarine in origin, so as well as mammals they contain small, presumably freshwater, crocodiles and the first indisputable lizards.

D. M. Kermack, K. A. Kermack, The Evolution of Mammalian Characters:


Triassic

源自Trias (“二叠纪和侏罗纪之间的三层地质层”) < 德語 Trias < 古希臘語 τριάς (triás, “三位一体的”)、 + -ic。1841年由Friedrich August von Alberti（1795年-1878年）造出。

三叠纪的，与三叠纪有关的

“Well,” Ellie said. “We know animals have survived. Crocodiles are basically Triassic animals living in the present. Sharks are Triassic. So we know it has happened before.”

1990, Michael Crichton, Jurassic Park, Alfred A. Knopf, p45:


Permian

彼尔姆人 （自16世纪起）

彼尔姆语 （自18世纪起）


Permian

more Permian (comparative)
most Permian (superlative)

彼尔姆的，彼尔姆人的 （自18世纪起）

彼尔姆语的 （自18世纪起）

二叠纪的，与二叠纪有关的 （自19世纪起）

‘In many ways modern art was a culture of the beach. They say it's the light, the special quality of quartz in the Permian rock.’

2000, JG Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate 2011, p. 103:


Permian

二叠纪 （自19世纪起）


Carboniferous

石炭纪的，与石炭纪有关的


Devonian

德文郡的，与德文郡有关的


Silurian

more Silurian (comparative)
most Silurian (superlative)

志留纪的，与志留纪有关的

In some places, however, quartz reefs, payably auriferous while in Silurian rock, have been followed down to subjacent granite, and have there been found to thin out and become unprofitable […]

1887, R. A. Murray, Victoria. Geology and Physical Geography (page 126)


Ordovician

查尔斯·拉普沃思命名自凯尔特部落奥陶维斯人。

more Ordovician (comparative)
most Ordovician (superlative)

奥陶纪的，与奥陶纪有关的


Ordovician

查尔斯·拉普沃思命名自凯尔特部落奥陶维斯人。


Cambrian

more Cambrian (comparative)
most Cambrian (superlative)

前寒武纪

地质学、形容词、專有名詞

寒武纪的，与寒武纪有关的

威尔士的，与威尔士有关的，威尔士人的


Cambrian

前寒武纪

地质学、形容词、專有名詞


Cambrian

前寒武纪

地质学、形容词、專有名詞


Rhyacian

层侵纪的，与层侵纪有关的


Phanerozoic

源自古希臘語 φανερός (phanerós, “可见的”) + ζωή (zōḗ, “生命”) + -ic

显生宙的，与显生宙有关的


Paleozoic

more Paleozoic (comparative)
most Paleozoic (superlative)

古生代的，与古生代有关的


Cenozoic

ceno- + -zoic，源自古希臘語 καινός (kainós, “新的”) + ζωή (zōḗ, “生命”)

/ˌkeɪnəʊˈzəʊɪk/

/ˌsɛnɵˈzəʊɪk/

/ˌsiːnɵˈzəʊɪk/

新生代的，与新生代有关的


Cenozoic

/ˌkeɪnəʊˈzəʊɪk/

/ˌsɛnɵˈzəʊɪk/

/ˌsiːnɵˈzəʊɪk/

The whole history of the earth is divided into five eras, with corresponding rock-systems. These are: 1. Archæan or Eozoic¹ era, embodied in the Laurentian system; 2. Palæozoic² era, embodied in the Palæozoic or Primary system; 3. Mesozoic³ era, recorded in the Secondary system; 4. Cenozoic,⁴ recorded in the Tertiary and Quaternary systems; and, 5. The Psychozoic era, or era of Mind, recorded in the recent system.

1883, Joseph Le Conte, Elements of Geology: A Text-book for Colleges and for the General Reader, D. Appleton and Company, New York,

The researchers found that the first day of the Cenozoic was peppered with cataclysms. When the asteroid struck, it temporarily carved a hole 60 miles across and 20 miles deep.

2019年September10日, Katherine Kornei, “A New Timeline of the Day the Dinosaurs Began to Die Out”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:


cinema

借自法語 cinéma，截断自cinématographe（由卢米埃尔兄弟在19世纪90年代造出），源自古希臘語 κίνημα (kínēma, “运动，移动”) + γράφω (gráphō, “书写，记录”)。

The cinema is right across the street from the restaurant.

电影院从饭店过马路就到了。

Despite the critics, he produced excellent cinema.

虽然有批评，但他还是制作过很好的电影。

电影产业，电影业，影视业

Even without hovering drones, a lurking assassin, a thumping score and a denouement, the real-life story of Edward Snowden, a rogue spy on the run, could be straight out of the cinema. But, as with Hollywood, the subplots and exotic locations may distract from the real message: America’s discomfort and its foes’ glee.

2013年June29日, “Travels and travails”, 出自 The Economist, 第 407 卷, 第 8842 期，第 55 頁:

In the long history of Spanish cinema[…].

在西班牙電影業的漫長歷史中 […] 。

Throughout the history of cinema, filmmakers[…].

在电影艺术的历史中，电影制作者...


convent

借自古法语covent, 源自拉丁语conventus, convenio的完全分词形式, 另见con-, venio。 与convene, convention有关。

(为了讨论或处理先前选定的主题而持续几天的)聚会


convent

（过时用法）召集（法官或司法机关）

（过时用法）使方便；服务。


delirious

源自delirium + -ous，参见拉丁語 delirus (“愚蠢的，糊涂的，疯狂的”)。

more delirious (comparative)
most delirious (superlative)

/dɪˈlɪɹɪ.əs/

/dɪˈlɪəɹɪ.əs/

[…]the angelic form of a creature whose very existence was a gigantic balm of Gilead to the lacerated body of our hero, and, in a half delirious state of mind, he felt like leaping mountains to raise prostrate female forms, and to become blessed with hymeneal joys of the most glorious character; but, his imagination soon forsook him, and a raging fever, accompanied by the most violent deadly delirium, ensued, which lasted a fortnight.

1872, Simon Mohler Landis, The Social War, Chapter III: Deacon Stew raves at Lucinda's Love for Victor:


deluge

vedenpaisumus

圣经中描述的诺亚方舟时的洪水。

Déluge

圣经中描述的诺亚方舟时的洪水。

diluvio universale

圣经中描述的诺亚方舟时的洪水。

Potop

圣经中描述的诺亚方舟时的洪水。

всемирный

圣经中描述的诺亚方舟时的洪水。

потоп

圣经中描述的诺亚方舟时的洪水。

diluvio universal

圣经中描述的诺亚方舟时的洪水。

The Deluge：圣经中描述的诺亚方舟时的洪水。


kiln

源自中古英語 kilne，源自古英語 cylene或cyline (“大炉子”)，源自拉丁語 culīna (“厨房，厨房火炉”)。

One typical Grecian kiln engorged one thousand muleloads of juniper wood in a single burn. Fifty such kilns would devour six thousand metric tons of trees and brush annually.

2006, Edwin Black, 章號 2, 出自 Internal Combustion:


kiln

When making pottery we need to allow the bisque to dry before we kiln it.


languid

借自拉丁語 languidus (“虚弱的，迟缓的，懒散的”)。

more languid (comparative)
most languid (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-languid.wav

无精打采的；懒散的，懒洋洋的

languid movements

languid breathing

As love without esteem is capricious and volatile; esteem without love is languid and cold.

March 10 1753, Samuel Johnson (attributed), The Adventurer:

George had an air at once swaggering and melancholy, languid and fierce.

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, 章號 21, 出自 Vanity Fair. A Novel without a Hero, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], 出版於 1848, →OCLC:

Toil is the portion of day, as sleep is that of night; but if there be one hour of the twenty-four which has the life of day without its labour, and the rest of night without its slumber, it is the lovely and languid hour of twilight.

1834, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Francesca Carrara, 第 1 卷，第 1 頁:


languid

As may be required, a small hole is bored in either of the languids, or in the back of the pipe in the space between the two languids. By this means, in addition to the current of air passing between the languids and the lower lip, […]

1913, William Horatio Clarke, Standard Organ Building，第 150 頁:


F

星期五（Friday）的简写

女性（Female）的简写

错误（false）的简写


mil

千分之一寸（0.0254毫米）


absorption

首见于1597年。来自拉丁語 absorptiō (“吸入”)，来自absorbeō (“吸收”)。

专心致志，全神贯注，着迷


abyssal

首次出现于17世纪90年代。源自中世紀拉丁語 abyssalis，源自拉丁語 abyssus (“深渊”) + -alis (形容词后缀)。等价于abyss + -al。

深渊的，捉摸不透的 （首次出现于17世纪中叶。）

海洋深处的（2000米以上深度的）（首次出现于19世纪中叶。）

深成的，在地壳深处的，在地壳深处发生的 （首次出现于19世纪末。）


achromatic lens

消色差透镜
* 正體: 消色差透鏡[電機工程]
* 简体: 消色差透镜[测绘学]
* 正體: 消色差透鏡，濾色透鏡[測量學]


achromatism

消色差
* 正體: 消色差（性）[電機工程]


acidification

/əˌsɪdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/


actinometer

日射表
* 正體: 露光計[電機工程]
* 简体: 测光计[测绘学]
* 正體: 測光計[測量學]


actinometry

光化测定，光量测定，日射测定法


adiabatic cooling

绝热冷却
* 简体: 绝热冷却[大气]
* 正體: 絕熱冷卻[氣象]


aftershock

余震
* 简体: 余震[测绘学]
* 正體: 餘震[測量學]


air chamber

气室
* 正體: （空）氣室[電機工程]


air vent

排气孔
* 正體: 通氣孔[電機工程]


alkali metal

碱金属
* 正體: 鹼金屬[電機工程]


allotropy

同素异形
* 正體: 同素異體[電子計算機]


alluvial fan

冲积扇
* 简体: 冲积扇[测绘学]
* 正體: 沖積扇[測量學]


alnico

铝镍钴合金
* 正體: 鋁鎳鈷合金[電機工程]


alternative

/ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/


alternative

/ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/


amorphous

源自古希臘語 ἄμορφος (ámorphos, “无形体的，无形状的，畸形的”)（其源自ἀ- (a-, “无，没”) + μορφή (morphḗ, “形体”) + -ous）。

more amorphous (comparative)
most amorphous (superlative)

formless

形状不定的，形状模糊的，不规则的

shapeless

形状不定的，形状模糊的，不规则的

形状不定的，形状模糊的，不规则的

The enormous pile of spaghetti landed on the floor in an amorphous heap.

一大团意大利面掉到地上铺成了乱七八糟的一滩。

And people talking all the time about the AfD is just what it wants: to foster the impression that the others are ganging up against it. The “authentic” voice of “real people” v the amorphous elite.

2023年September27日, John Kampfner, “German politics has a built-in firewall against the far right. It’s beginning to crack”, 出自 The Guardian, →ISSN:


antagonism

源自古希臘語 ἀνταγωνιστής (antagōnistḗs, “对手”)，源自ἀνταγωνίζεσθαι (antagōnízesthai, “使...对立”)，源自ἀγών (agṓn, “对抗”)（英語 agon）。

/ænˈtæɡənɪzəm/

Their longstanding antagonism is manifested in frequent scuffles and shouting matches.


antimony

锑(化學元素，原子序為51，化學符號為Sb)


antipathy

源自古希臘語 ἀντιπάθεια (antipátheia)，ἀντιπαθής (antipathḗs, “感觉相悖的”)的状态名词，源自ἀντί (antí, “反对”) + πάθος (páthos, “感觉”)的词根。

"Truly I am one very likely to encourage romance in any young lady! Did you ever know me to patronise moonlight walks, or talk even forgivingly of cottages and roses? and have I not a natural antipathy to honeysuckle?"

1831, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Romance and Reality, 第 3 卷，第 164-165 頁s:

Deep antipathy to Hillary Clinton exists within the FBI, multiple bureau sources have told the Guardian, spurring a rapid series of leaks damaging to her campaign just days before the election.

4 November 2016, Spencer Ackerman writing in The Guardian, The FBI is Trumpland': anti-Clinton atmosphere spurred leaking, sources say

The sagebrush belongs to the composite family, and its immediate cousins are widely distributed. They are known as the artemisias, and there are a host of them, many with important uses in the economy of civilization. Artemisia absinthium is popularly known as wormwood; from it comes the bitter, aromatic liquor known as eau or crême d'absinthe. Many of its cousins grow in Asia and Europe, including the mugwort, used by the Germans as a seasoning in cookery; southernwood, used by the British to drive away moths from linen and woolens and to force newly swarmed bees, which have a peculiar antipathy for it, into the hive

June 1917, The National Geographic Magazine Volume 31, No. 6, Our State Flowers/The Sagebrush

Now when the Master-at-arms noticed whence came that greasy fluid streaming before his feet, he must have taken it—to some extent wilfully, perhaps—not for the mere accident it assuredly was, but for the sly escape of a spontaneous feeling on Billy's part more or less answering to the antipathy on his own.

1891, Henry Melville, 章號 13, 出自 Billy Budd:

Oil and water have antipathy.


archipelago

源自意大利語 arcipelago，根据古希臘語 ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “主要的”) + πέλαγος (pélagos, “海洋”)构成，为爱琴海的名称。爱琴海有很多岛屿，而“Arcipelago”原是指爱琴海的专有名词，后泛化到可以指代有很多岛屿的海，后面又到这种海中的岛屿。

archipelagos (plural)
archipelagoes (plural)

/ɑːkɪˈpɛləɡəʊ/

/ˌɑɹkɪˈpɛləˌɡoʊ/

[I]n his imagination he had settled his route, through Holland and France to Sicily, which he had long wished to see, and from thence to the Archipelago […] 。

1791, Charlotte Smith, Celestina, Broadview 2004, p. 413:

For many years past the whaleship has been the pioneer in ferreting out the remotest and least known parts of the earth. She has explored seas and archipelagoes which had no chart, where no Cook or Vancouver had ever sailed.

The Gulag Archipelago


azure

源自中古英語 asure，源自古法語 azur，派生自阿拉伯語 لَازَوَرْد (lāzaward, “青金石”)，l 被误解为法语冠词 l’ 而被删去。阿拉伯语词源自古典波斯語 لاجورد (lājward, “青金石”)，源自巴达克山处Lajward地区的名字。
对比意大利語 azzurro及西班牙語 azul。

天青色，蔚蓝色；天青色染料

In robes of azure.

1815, William Wordsworth, Extracts from An Evening Walk:

For our blues we have the azures and ceruleans, lapis lazulis, the light and dusty, the powder blues, the deeps: royal, sapphire, navy, and marine […]

2014, William H. Gass, On Being Blue: A Philosophical Inquiry，第 59 頁:

azure：

In Bb [Glover's Roll], the conventional letter B is used to indicate azure in most items.

azure (纹章学)：

Not like those steps / On heaven's azure.

1667, John Milton, “Book I”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

琉璃灰蝶属（Celastrina）的蝴蝶

澳灰蝶属（Ogyris）的蝴蝶


azure

When Britain first, at Heaven's command / Arose from out the azure main.

‘I forget your coat of arms.’
‘A human foot d’or, in a field azure; the foot crushes a serpent rampant whose fangs are imbedded in the heel.’

1846, Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask of Amontillado:


azure

Our readers are aware that much of the sugar sold in many countries goes through an azuring treatment; blue is added to granulated sugar with the view of making it appear whiter than it actually is.


bristle

源自中古英語 bristil、bristel、brustel，源自古英語 bristl、*brystl、*byrstel，源自原始西日耳曼語 *burstilu，原始西日耳曼語 *bursti的指小词，源自原始日耳曼語 *burstiz（对比荷蘭語 borstel、德語 Borste (“野猪的鬓毛”)、冰島語 burst），源自原始印歐語 *bʰr̥stís（对比中古愛爾蘭語 brostaid (“招惹”)、拉丁語 fastīgium (“顶部的”)、波蘭語 barszcz (“猪草”)），等价于brust + -le。

過時，新英格兰和纽约上州农村口音

the bristles of a pig


bristle

過時，新英格兰和纽约上州农村口音

He sat down with his elbows upon the desk, his gorilla hands clasped together, his beard bristling forward, and his big grey eyes, half-covered by his drooping lids, fixed benignly upon me.

1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Disintegration Machine:

the hill of La Haye Sainte bristling with ten thousand bayonets

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, 章號 5, 出自 Vanity Fair. A Novel without a Hero, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], 出版於 1848, →OCLC:

ports bristling with thousands of masts

1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 章號 2, 出自 The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, 第 (please specify |volume=I to V) 卷, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

Kieran Tierney did not want to risk a challenge on Pulisic, who darted on to the ball with far greater purpose, and the dink over Emi Martínez bristled with composure.

2020年August1日, David Hytner, “Aubameyang at the double as Arsenal turn tables on Chelsea to win FA Cup”, 出自 The Guardian:

（带at）警惕，警觉，惧怕

The employees bristled at the prospect of working through the holidays.

员工们害怕整个假期都要工作。

Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster.

2013年June22日, “Engineers of a different kind”, 出自 The Economist, 第 407 卷, 第 8841 期，第 70 頁:

If only the industry could be honest and explain why it has been forced, owing to government policies, to increase fares over the quarter century since privatisation. Instead, it is defensive and clearly bristles with annoyance when someone merely states the facts.

2021年May5日, Barry Doe, “The Independent has a better grasp than GWR's spokesman”, 出自 RAIL, 第 930 期，第 58 頁:

to bristle a thread


carboniferous

more carboniferous (comparative)
most carboniferous (superlative)


cave in

cave

（使...）塌陷，（使...）塌方

break

（使...）塌陷，（使...）塌方

crush

（使...）塌陷，（使...）塌方

give way

（使...）塌陷，（使...）塌方

stave

（使...）塌陷，（使...）塌方

stave in

（使...）塌陷，（使...）塌方

（使...）塌陷，（使...）塌方

The roof caved in under the weight of the snow.

屋顶承受不住雪的重量塌下来了。

He caved-in the side of the barrel with a single well-placed kick.

他一脚精确地踢到桶的侧面，让它凹了下去。

cave in to someone's threats

After he asked me a few times, I finally caved in and had a slice of cake.

他问了我好几次，我拗不过去就吃了一块蛋糕。

Eventually the NUR overplayed its hands with an all-out strike. And when Peter Parker, the then-chairman of BR, who was well regarded among his staff, called their bluff by threatening to close down the entire network, they caved in.

2022年December14日, Christian Wolmar, “Productivity should play no part in pay negotiations”, 出自 RAIL, 第 972 期，第 46 頁:


class

標準英音，愛爾蘭，新英格蘭，蘇格蘭，北英格蘭

標準英音，愛爾蘭，新英格蘭，蘇格蘭，北英格蘭

標準英音，愛爾蘭，新英格蘭，蘇格蘭，北英格蘭

標準英音，愛爾蘭，新英格蘭，蘇格蘭，北英格蘭


ignominy

借自法語 ignominie，源自拉丁語 ignōminia，源自ig- (“不”) + nomen (“名声”)（前缀为in-的同化形式）。

/ˈɪɡnəˌmɪni/

/ˈɪɡnəˌmɪni/

Calvin: Our great plan backfired and I'm the one who got soaked! Oh, the shame! The ignominy!

a. 1994, Bill Watterson, Homicidal Psycho Jungle Cat, Andrews McMeel, ISBN 0-83621769-1, page 168:

It was tribal, almost relentless and, in the case of the official England band, there was a degree of ignominy, too, for repeatedly playing a tune for which the words go “Fuck the IRA”, something that could lead to a full breakdown of their relationship with the FA.

2014年November18日, Daniel Taylor, “England and Wayne Rooney see off Scotland in their own back yard”, 出自 The Guardian:

The lawyer who shot to ignominy last week with a racist rant at a Manhattan lunch spot apologized Tuesday on social media, where a video of his threat to call immigration agents on Spanish-speaking workers had first gone viral.

2018年May22日, Liz Robbins, Maya Salam, “‘I Am Not Racist’: Lawyer Issues Apology One Week After Rant”, 出自 New York Times:

"I studied to be a diplomat and have been a diplomat for twenty years," Bondarev wrote. "The (Russian foreign) ministry has become my home and family. But I simply cannot any longer share in this bloody, witless and absolutely needless ignominy."

2022年May23日, “Russian diplomat in Switzerland says he resigns over Ukraine invasion”, 出自 Reuters，於2022-05-26歸檔自原頁面, Europe:


pace

借自盎格魯-諾曼語 pas、 古法語 pas，它们皆源自 拉丁語 passus。與pas 同源，参见 pass。对比西班牙语 pasear。


thanksgiving

/ˌθæŋksˈɡɪv.ɪŋ/

/ˈθæŋksˌɡɪv.ɪŋ/


thanksgiving

/ˌθæŋksˈɡɪv.ɪŋ/

/ˈθæŋksˌɡɪv.ɪŋ/


resurrection

/ɹɛzəˈɹɛkʃən/

/ɹɛzəˈɹɛkʃn̩/


Christmas

专有名词派生自中古英語 Cristemasse、Criste-mas (“圣诞节；圣诞季节；圣诞节庆祝活动”) [以及其他形式]，源自古英語 Cristes mæsse (“圣诞节”, 字面意思是“基督的弥撒”)，源自Crist (“基督”) + -es (属格标记词) + mæsse (“弥撒”)。英语词作Christ + -mas (表示节日或神圣的日子的后缀)分析。
名词、形容词和动词均派生自专有名词。
形容词词义指传统上与圣诞节联想起来的颜色。

Christmases (plural)
Christmasses (plural)

Charlie Brown Christmas tree, Charlie Brown's Christmas tree

Christmastime, Christmas time, Christmas-time

if ifs and buts were candy and nuts, we'd all have a merry Christmas

like turkeys voting for Christmas, like turkeys voting for an early Christmas

think all one's Christmases have come at once

Do you celebrate Christmas?

This Christmas we’ll open presents, then go to grandma’s for dinner.

这个圣诞节我们先拆礼物，然后去奶奶那里吃晚饭。

Be gladde, lordes, bothe more and lasse, / For this hath ordeyned our stewarde / To chere you all this christmasse / The bores heed with mustarde.

[[15th century] (date written), “A Caroll Bringyng in the Bores Heed”, 出自 [Christmasse Carolles], London: […] Wynkyn de Worde, 出版於 1521, →OCLC; republished in Joseph Ames, Typographical Antiquities: Being a Historical Account of Printing in England: […], London: […] W[illiam] Faden, and sold by J. Robinson, […], 1749, →OCLC，第 96 頁，第 2 列:

The lord chancellor holds his fittings in this hall, and in former days, like the Temple, it had its revels and great Chriſtmaſſes. […] The account of the great feaſt in the hall of the Inner Temple, by the ſerjeants, in 1555, is extremely worth conſulting: and alſo of the hoſpitable Chriſtmaſſes of old times.

1798 July, “Account of Lincoln’s Inn: With a Perspective View of the Hall and Chapel”, 出自 The Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure; […], 第 CIII 卷, London: […] W[illiam] Bent, […], →OCLC，第 42 頁，第 2 列:

“Lawk!” says our old granddam, who has taken the liberty of looking over our manuscript while we were gone to mix a glass of water and something. “Lawk!” says she, “how can you write such stuff? Christmas, indeed! you’ve no Christmas now. Do you call this Christmas? It’s more like a vapour bath. Such weather! Lawk, how times are changed! the Christmasses I remember! the good, old-fashioned Christmasses, when there was snow on the ground six feet deep, and poor people were starved to death by dozens, and you couldn’t go out without having your fingers frost-bitten, and coals were at six shillings a hundred, and canals froze up so that you couldn’t get your goods, and the roads all impassable, and daren’t ask a few friends to merrymake for fear of losing three or four of ’em going home in snow-drifts, and—oh, those were Christmasses! we shall never see such times again!”

1840 January, Sylvanus Swanquill [pseudonym; John Hewitt], “Merry Christmas and Happy New Year”, 出自 The New Sporting Magazine, 第 XVIII 卷, 第 105 期, London: Walter Spiers, […], →OCLC，第 53 頁:

Reader have your Christmasses hitherto been marked with happiness? Thank God for it. […] Then mamma died—and later in your college days, dear Herbert, when you were both as tall as men, but as fond of play as ever—and we used to spend such happy Christmasses, till our dear father died, / “That was our first sad winter, the one which followed his death, for you remember how sadly we all missed him, and we were still in mourning—but the next one was a happy day, for Lawry was so full of spirits—and that was our last happy Christmas. Herbert darling, Lawrence has left the last impression of happiness on my memory—he, who has since broken up our domestic peace, and for a long time spoilt our Christmasses—Heaven bless him![…]”

1859, [Florence] Marryatt, 章號 XXIX, 出自 Temper. A Novel., New York, N.Y.: Dick & Fitzgerald, […], →OCLC，第 205 頁:

I'm dreaming of a white Christmas / With every Christmas card I write / May your days be merry and bright / And may all your Christmases be white

1942年July30日, Irving Berlin （作曲作詞）, “White Christmas”, 演出者 Bing Crosby, New York, N.Y.: Decca Records, →OCLC:

Have yourself a merry little Christmas / Let your heart be light / Next year all our troubles will be out of sight

1943 (date written), “Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas”, 出自 Ralph Blane 作詞, Hugo Martin 作曲, Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas: 源自the M.G.M. Picture Meet Me in St. Louis, 演出者 Judy Garland, New York, N.Y.: Leo Feist, 出版於 1944, →OCLC:

The last time I saw her was a week before Christmas, 1980. We took down a fat branch of berried Megginch holly, which we stuck in a pot for a Christmas tree, hung with silver balls and glitters. Aunt Victoria looked at it, smiled and unexpectedly said, “Christmas.” Surely she was sitting there dreaming of Christmasses long past: Christmas in the South China Sea, the Christmas lights of Hong Kong, hot Christmasses so long ago in the Anchises under the Southern Cross stars, or even longer ago of Christmasses at Megginch, singing carols round the lighted Christmas tree in the hall, while Queen Victoria’s goddaughter in her starched white dress and bronze shoes had worn the sparkling pendant given her by the great Queen.

1994, Cherry Drummond, The Remarkable Life of Victoria Drummond, Marine Engineer, London: The Institute of Marine Engineers, →ISBN，第 354 頁:

I don't want a lot for Christmas / There is just one thing I need / I don't care about the presents / Underneath the Christmas tree / I just want you for my own / More than you could ever know / Make my wish come true / All I want for Christmas is you

1994年October29日, Mariah Carey, Walter Afanasieff （作曲作詞）, “All I Want for Christmas Is You”, 出自 Merry Christmas, 演出者 Mariah Carey, New York, N.Y.: Columbia Records, →OCLC:

The last three Christmases have been good for retailers.

前三个圣诞季零售商的生意都不错。

Christmas shoppers spent less this December than last year, but our store will probably see just as many returned items during the twelve days of Christmas.

这个12月份，圣诞节购物者花费比去年减小，但我们商店可能会在圣诞节期间的12天内收到一样多的退货。

There'll be parties for hosting / Marshmallows for toasting / And caroling out in the snow / There'll be scary ghost stories / And tales of the glories / Of Christmases long, long ago

1963年October14日, Eddie [i.e., Edward] Pola, George Wyle （作曲作詞）, “It’s the Most Wonderful Time of the Year”, 演出者 Andy Williams, New York, N.Y.: Columbia Records, →OCLC:

Christmas is such a wonderful time of the year / Christmas, it's the season of good cheer / […] / Christmas is love, Christmas is love / The love of God, oh that's the marvelous thing

1981, John W[illard] Peterson （作曲作詞）, “Christmas is Love”, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Singspiration, →OCLC:


Christmas

Two of the girls carry between them on a stick what they call "the garland", […] The "garland" in shape reminds me of the "Christmas" which used to form the centre of the Christmas decorations in Yorkshire some few years ago, except that the latter had a bunch of mistletoe inside the hoops.

1893 September, Percy Manning, “[Folk-lore Miscellanea.] May-Day at Watford, Herts.”, 出自 Folk-lore: A Quarterly Review of Myth, Tradition, Institution, & Custom, 第 IV 卷, 第 III 期, London: David Nutt, […] for The Folk-lore Society, →OCLC，第 403 頁:


Christmas

红色和绿色的，圣诞配色的


Christmas

Christmases
Christmasses
Christmasing
Christmassing
Christmased
Christmassed

(Moving to the holly boughs.) Come on; let's finish Christmassing the place.

1966, James Goldman, The Lion in Winter: A Comedy in Two Acts, New York, N.Y., Hollywood, Los Angeles, Calif.: Samuel French, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii，第 17 頁:

Haddonfield was completely Christmased deep in December. It was lovely to see the beautifully decorated shops. Huge bows adorned the streetlamps, aerosol snow framed the windows, and people bundled up were moving in and out of the shops as the aroma of spice and clove from holiday candles scented the air.

2012, Robin S. Shapiro, “It’s Never too Late to Play the Violin”, 出自 Touchstones: Essays on Spirituality and Healing, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, →ISBN，第 27 頁:

The 2016 campaign via TBWA Sydney asks the question, ‘How do Australians Christmas?’ with a film to be launched today featuring global superstar and style icon, Cate Blanchett.

2016年November3日, Ricki Green, “David Jones asks ‘How do Australians Christmas?’ in new campaign via TBWA Sydney”, 出自 Campaign Brief，2023-12-24歸檔自原頁面:

I've Christmased since those palmy days / In many a varied spot, / And suffered many a weary phase / Of Christmas cold and hot.

1878, “Ironbark” [pseudonym; George Herbert Gibson], “Christmas in Australia”, 出自 Southerly Busters, Sydney, N.S.W.: John Sands, […], →OCLC，第 73 頁:

I have spent Christmas on the Severn, at Sharpness Point; in Paris, under siege, and among scenes of heartrending distress; among the Scotch hills, with Presbyterian severity, and I have Christmased in Normandy, where every tree seems green with mistletoe.

1878 December, Horace L. Nicholson, “Baulked by a Berry”, 出自 W. J. Morgan 編, The St. James’s Magazine and United Empire Review, 第 XXXIV 卷, London: Charing Cross Publishing Company, […], 出版於 1879, →OCLC，第 1107 頁:

Prince Albert Victor on arrival in India will land at Bombay, and travel through Southern India, proceeding from Madras by sea to Calcutta. He will Christmas at Calcutta, and then make a tour through Bengal, and pay a visit to the frontier.

1889年July6日, “Facts and Fancies”, 出自 St. Stephen’s Review, 第 330 期, London: The Publishing Company, →OCLC，第 9 頁，第 1 列:

André Maurois will be one of the spearheads of the Harold R[eginald] Peat list for the coming season, a result of Mr. Peat’s holiday visit to England, where he Christmassed with H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells.

1938 January, Program: A Magazine for Program and Entertainment Committees, 第 4 卷, 第 4 期, New York, N.Y.: Program Company, →OCLC，第 7 頁:

Christmasing in Khartoum, writing in his Cairo study about the Al Azhar University, overseeing the publication of learned articles about Moslem medievalism, attending conferences and tea parties hosted by his former AUB students, feted constantly in many an Arab capital, and filling up his diary with descriptions of the bazaars of Lucknow and the exotic birds of Asia, [Bayard] Dodge was reaping the bounty of a life devoted to the Arabs and Moslem culture.

1993, Robert D[avid] Kaplan, “End of the Rainbow”, 出自 The Arabists: The Romance of an American Elite, New York, N.Y.: The Free Press, →ISBN, part I (Dream)，第 80 頁:

In particular, please keep my brother in your prayers as he Christmases in Afghanistan.

2012年October26日, Lorrene Desbien, “December 22”, 出自 Losing Sarah: A Mother’s Journey to Peace, Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, →ISBN，第 64 頁:


Christmas

略自Jiminy Christmas，可能是Jiminy Cricket或Jiminy Crickets的变体，是Jesus Christ的委婉形式。

真是的，天啊，我靠 （表示厌烦或惊讶）

"I've been tottering on the edge … Christmas!" His eyes brightened with a sudden thought. "How stupid I've been!" he cried at once.

1930, Ellery Queen [pseudonym; Frederic Dannay, Manfred Bennington Lee], “‘The Time has Come …’”, 出自 The French Powder Mystery: A Problem in Deduction, New York, N.Y.: Frederick A[bbott] Stokes Company, →OCLC，第 269 頁:

She said, "All right with you, Bertie?" / "Oh Christmas! he said. "I suppose so."

1959, Ngaio Marsh, “On the Scent”, 出自 False Scent, New York, N.Y.: Jove Books, 出版於 November 1981, →ISBN, section 3，第 158 頁:


Jerusalem

源自晚期拉丁語 Ierusalem、Hierusalem，源自Hierosolyma，源自古希臘語 Ἰερουσαλήμ (Ierousalḗm)，源自聖經希伯來語 יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yərūšālayim)，源自一个西闪米特语支形式，在古埃及语中可考作Aw-w-SA-A-m-m-N25 (ꜣwšꜣmm)，由闪米特语族词*uru (“房子，城镇”)和*salim (指“和平”或迦南宗教中的暮光之神)构成的复合词。

/d͡ʒəˈɹuːsələm/

/d͡ʒəˈɹuːzələm/

al-Quds

常在与伊斯兰教和阿拉伯世界有关的上下文中

Hierosolyma

常在与伊斯兰教和阿拉伯世界有关的上下文中

常指古罗马或十字军东征时期的城市

分體詞：East Jerusalem (EJ, East al-Quds)；West Jerusalem (WJ)

《耶路撒冷》，威廉·布莱克所著的一首诗歌


understand

[ˌʌɾ̃ɚˈstænd]

[ˌʌɾ̃ɚˈsteə̯nd]


understood

understand 的過去式和過去分詞。


answer

/æ/音舌位抬升，有 r 音

/æ/音舌位抬升，無 r 音


answer

/æ/音舌位抬升，有 r 音

/æ/音舌位抬升，無 r 音


call

稱呼 例句： The vigin will be with child and will give birth to a son, and they will call him Immanuel. 必有童女懷孕生子，人要稱他的名為<u>以馬內利</u>。

叫 例句： Everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved. 凡求告主名的，就必得救。

呼召 例句： By faith Abraham, when called to go to a place he would later receive as his inheritance, obeyed and went, even though he did not know where he was going. <u>亞伯拉罕</u>因著信，蒙召的時候，就遵命出去，往將來要得為業的地方去；出去的時候，還不知往哪裡去。


call

调用；呼叫（通讯工程、计算机学术名词）


question

中古英語 question, questioun, questiun < 盎格魯-諾曼語 questiun < 古法語 question < 拉丁語 quaestiōnem

/ˈkwɛʃt͡ʃən/


question

/ˈkwɛʃt͡ʃən/


fifth

英國，美國，非正式或方言

英國，美國，非正式或方言


Israelite

/ˈɪzɹɨlˌaɪt/

/ˈɪzɹɛɪəlˌaɪt/


fig

源自中古英語 fige、fygge（←fyke，源自古英語 fīc，见fike），借自盎格魯-諾曼語 figue，借自古法語 figue，源自古奧克語 figa，源自通俗拉丁語 *fīca (“无花果”)，源自拉丁語 fīcus (“无花果树”)，源自某先印欧语系语言，可能是腓尼基語 𐤐𐤂 (pg, 字面意思是“成熟无花果”)（对比聖經希伯來語 פַּגָּה (paggâ, “掉下来的新鲜无花果”)、古典敘利亞語 ܦܓܐ (paggāʾ)，方言阿拉伯語 فَجّ (fajj)、فِجّ (fijj)）。（另一閃米特語族词根（对比阿卡德語 𒈠 (tīʾu, 字面意思是“无花果”)）被借入古希臘語，作σῦκον (sûkon)（→英語 sycophant；皮奥夏τῦκον (tûkon)）以及亞美尼亞語中作թուզ (tʻuz)。）肥皂制造相关义项的出现是因为肥皂上的颗粒类似无花果上的。fico 的同源對似詞。

fico

无价值的事物，不值一提的事物 （自15世纪）

whit

无价值的事物，不值一提的事物 （自15世纪）

无花果树 （自14世纪）

And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons.

他們二人的眼睛就明亮了，纔知道自己是赤身露體，便拿無花果樹的葉子，為自己編作裙子。

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 3:7:

无价值的事物，不值一提的事物 （自15世纪）

About Rebecca and Jos he did not care a fig.

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, 章號 6, 出自 Vanity Fair. A Novel without a Hero, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], 出版於 1848, →OCLC:

一种形似无花果的香蕉（Musa acuminata的栽培品种）（自16世纪）

figgy duff

“You may flog, and welcome, master,” said he, “if you'll give me a fig o' tibbacky.”

1874, Marcus Clarke, For the Term of His Natural Life, Penguin, 出版於 2009，第 109 頁:

This was followed by his presenting his sable acquaintance with a fig of tobacco, whereupon, instead of thanking the donor in the usual way, the black signified his gratitude by throwing a spear at twenty or thirty yards' distance.

1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia，第 289 頁:


fig

认为...无意义，侮辱说...是无意义的

When Pistol lies, do this, and fig me like / The bragging Spaniard.

c. 1596–1599, William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:

使...出现白色颗粒 （肥皂） （19世纪中叶至20世纪中叶）

For filling figged soaps silicate of potash is best adapted, as soda prevents in a measure the proper crystallization. [...] Artificially figged soap [...makes] a very close imitation of the naturally figged soap.

1893, Henry Gathmann, American Soaps，第 204 頁:

Figging is usually considered to indicate a good quality of soft soap, but such is really not the case. A first-class soft soap can be made which will not fig, while, on the other hand, a poor soap can be produced which will fig.

In the cold soaps, the water soluble color is added in liquid form after saponification has started. In figged soaps, the color is crutched in after saponification is completed.

1938, Harry Bennett, The Standard Book of Formulas:


fig

（以某种方式）着装，打扮


fig

Ginger, a showy, fast horse — as if he had been figged with ginger under his tail; a red-haired man.

1874, The Slang Dictionary: Etymological, Historical, and Anecdotal，第 176 頁:

He must be "figged." Figging consists in pushing a piece of crushed ginger into the return of the wretched creature — a practice which is now illegal, and of which information should be given to the R.S.P.C.A. whenever detected.

1901, Natal Agriculture Journal，第 744 頁:

“Is something amiss with the horse, Parr?” His gaze left the horse for a second as he glanced at Grace. “Yes, the horse has been figged. Now I just need to figure out who the culprit is.”

2015, Becky Lower, The Cotillion Ball Saga, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:


greater

/ˈɡɹeɪtə(ɹ)/


tsunami

借自日語 津(つ)波(なみ) (tsunami)，源自津 (tsu, “港口”) + 波 (nami, “波浪”)。

浪潮 （大规模难以阻挡的趋势，事态）

It seemed that what started out as a handful of isolated cases gradually turned into a tsunami of complaints.

2009, John Bernard Kelly, An Accidental Atheist: A Memoir, Aquinine books, →ISBN，第 306 頁:

It set off a tsunami of debate among the more esoteric critics, who either loved it or hated it but could not ignore it.

2009, Marc Eliot, American Rebel: The Life of Clint Eastwood, Crown Archetype, →ISBN，第 86 頁:

The next decade would culminate in a tsunami of legislation, civil litigation, and criminal prosecutions in which assisted suicide was both criminalized (as in Michigan) and decriminalized (as in Oregon).

2012, Demetra M. Pappas, The Euthanasia/Assisted-Suicide Debate, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN，第 60 頁:

The editor paid a heavy price - he was subsequently compelled to offer a grovelling and humiliating personal apology, following a tsunami of protest.

2020年August26日, Nigel Harris, “Comment Special: Catastrophe at Carmont”, 出自 Rail，第 4 頁:


conifer

源自拉丁語 cōnifer (“结球果的”)，源自cōnus (“球果”) + ferō (“结（果实）”)。

针叶树 （松柏门下的植物种类）


Algeria

/ælˈdʒɪəɹi.ə/


Algeria

源自阿拉伯语 الجزائر (al-jazāʾir, “岛”), جزيرة (jazīra, “岛”)的复数形式, 和曾经存在于阿尔及尔湾上的几个小岛有关。

/ælˈdʒɪəɹi.ə/

阿尔及利亚（北非国家）。官方名称：阿尔及利亚人民民主共和国。


potato

[pə̥ˈtʰeɪtʰəʊ]

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-potato.wav

[pə̥ˈtʰeɪɾoʊ]

[pə̥ˈtʰeɪɾə]


vegetable

源自中古英語 vegetable，源自古法語 vegetable，源自拉丁語 vegetābilis (“可以存活并生长的”)，衍生自vegetāre (“使...有生机”)。取代了古英語 wyrt (“草，植物，蔬菜，根茎，庄稼”)。

/ˈvɛd͡ʒətəbəl/

/ˈvɛd͡ʒətəbəl/


vegetable

/ˈvɛd͡ʒətəbəl/

/ˈvɛd͡ʒətəbəl/


chicken wing

折臂固定，一種摔角動作。


Cape Verde

对葡萄牙语 Cabo Verde 的部分翻译。源自 cabo （“角，岬”） + verde （“绿色的”）。

佛得角（西非岛国）。官方名称：佛得角共和国（Republic of Cabo Verde）

In the Cape Verde Islands, the electoral victory of Movement for Democracy ushered out sixteen years of one-party rule.

1992, Richard Nixon, “The Southern Hemisphere”, 出自 Seize the Moment, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，第 250 頁:


eggplant

:egg ("蛋") + plant ("植物")。
该名最初是用于形容一种白色的茄子。


avocado

/ævəˈkɑːdəʊ/


crevasse

冰缝，冰面或冰川上的裂缝

I moved my left hand to the small of her back, just above her belt-line and stroked the peach fuzz in her crevasse with my fingers.

2010, Scott R. Riley, A Lost Hero Found (page 111)

[…] he laments that he can find no physiological phenomenon answering to his subject’s winning a race, or losing it. Between his terminal output of energy and his victory or defeat there is a mysterious crevasse. Physiology is baffled.

1954: Gilbert Ryle, Dilemmas: The Tarner Lectures, 1953, dilemma vii: Perception, page 105 (The Syndics of the Cambridge University Press)


Estonia

借自中世纪拉丁语Estonia.


refrigerator

/ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒəˌɹeɪtə/

/ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒəˌɹeɪɾɚ/

/ɹəˈfɹɪd͡ʒəˌɹeɪɾɚ/

冷藏庫，冰箱。一種用於低溫下保存食物及其它物品的器具，廚櫥或房間。 (Source: AMHER)


cook

:< 古英語 cōc < 拉丁語 cocus。 其他大陆日耳曼语中的类似词汇，如德語 Koch，是早前词汇借用的结果。


morocco

源自 摩洛哥 的国名 Morocco，即这种皮革的原产地。对比 maroquin 。

摩洛哥山羊皮革（一种柔软的皮革，用山羊皮制成，曾用于书籍装订）

一種濃烈的麥芽啤酒，古時在昆布蘭釀造。


Singapore

源自馬來語 Singapura，源自梵語 सिंहपुर (siṃhá-pura)，源自सिंह (siṃha, “狮子”) + पुर (pura, “城市”)。

/ˈsɪŋɡəpɔː(ɹ)/

/sɪŋɡəˈpɔː(ɹ)/


Slovenia

斯洛文尼亞，斯洛維尼亞（國家名，位於中歐巴爾幹半島；法定名稱： 斯洛文尼亞共和國；首都及最大城市： 盧布爾雅那）。1991年前是南斯拉夫的一部分。


Peking duck

仿譯源自漢語 北京烤鴨／北京烤鸭 (Běijīng kǎoyā)。等价于Peking + duck。

During out third day in Peking, we received word that Premier Chou En-lai would have dinner with us. We sat in a banquet room in the Great Hall of the People and enjoyed a fabulous meal of Peking duck.

1980, Gerald Ford, A Time to Heal, New York: Berkley Books, →ISBN，第 94 頁:


margarine

/ˈmɑɹ.dʒə.ɹɪn/

/ˈmɑɹ.dʒəˌɹin/

/ˈmɑː.dʒə.ɹɪn/

/ˈmɑː.dʒəˌɹiːn/

/ˈmɑː.ɡəˌɹiːn/


chocolate

巧克力、﹝廣東地區稱之為﹞朱古力


international

[ˌɪɾ̃ɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ]


goat

蘇格蘭，加拿大，東北英格蘭


train

[t̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷeɪn]


train

[t̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷeɪn]


culmination

借自法語 culmination，源自culminer，或源自中世紀拉丁語 culminatus + -tion。词形分析作culminate + -ion


tributary

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-tributary.wav


nearby

more nearby (comparative)
most nearby (superlative)


nearby

部份英國人用「near by」（分開二字）作為副詞，而單字「nearby」作為形容詞；但美式英語中副詞和形容詞都是寫作單字。


do

:< 中古英語 don （“做”） < 古英語 dōn （“做”） < 原始日耳曼语 *dōnan （“做”） < 原始印欧语 *dʰeH₁-、*dhe- （“放，置，做”）。
:同源词有：荷兰语 doen （“做”）、低地德語 doon （“做”）、德语 tun （“做”）、西弗里斯蘭語 dwaan （“做”）、法语 faire （“做”）、西班牙语 hacer （“做”）、拉丁语 facio （“做”）、希腊语 θέτω （“放，置”）、古希腊语 τίθημι (tithēmi)、梵语 दधाति (dádhāti)、立陶宛语 deti （“放”）、捷克语 diti （“藏”）、波兰语 dziać （“发生”）、俄语 деть （“放，置”）、俄语 делать （“做”）。

（do(')s and don'ts）规则，注意事项，应做的事。


do

（助动词） （用于实义动词前构成否定句和疑问句）

（助动词） （句中无其他助动词时，用以加强语气）

（助动词） （代替实义动词以避免重复）

够，足以，足够，可以，适合

（与名词连用，表示打扫、洗刷、整理、修补等）

从事（工作），进行（活动），执行（任务）


meander

源自拉丁語 Maeander，源自古希臘語 Μαίανδρος (Maíandros)，小亚细亚地区（现位于土耳其）的一条蜿蜒曲折的河流（现代土耳其語 Menderes）。

the meanders of an old river; of the veins and arteries in the body

古老河流的蜿蜒曲折，体内血管脉络的迂回曲折

See, how the streams advancing to the main, / Through crooked channels draw their crystal train! / While lingering thus they in meanders glide, / They scatter verdant life on either side.

1712, Sir Richard Blackmore, Creation: A Philosophical Poem:

That journey in the spring of 1891 tracked historical underpinnings of the edifice that Einstein built. Our story will be an extremely interesting mental meander to trace the evolution some of the aspects of relativity theory from the beginning.

2014年August1日, Enders A. Robinson, Dean Clark, Remote Sensing in Action: The Curious Case of Sherlock Holmes and Albert Einstein, SEG Books, →ISBN，第 30 頁:

Greek key之同義詞：希腊回纹

The scales are conceived of as meander fretwork; but I do not know whether, for this reason, this fish is associated with thunder.

1912, Field Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Series，第 227 頁:

A chair rail adorned with Chinese fretwork molding was a specific meander that repeated throughout the home. Moldings shaped as cartouches lined each wall,[…]

2008, Todd Merrill, James Mont: The King Cole Penthouse, Lulu.com, →ISBN:

Markings on Meander Corners. On all meander corners, the letters “M. C.” ( for meander corner) will be cut into the side facing the stream or lake to be meandered. On post or tree meander corners, within township exteriors[…]

1894, United States Bureau of Land Management, Manual of Surveying Instructions for the Survey of the Public Lands of the United States and Private Land Claims，第 44 頁:

And as to the lands that were within the national meander boundaries, that description was based upon a state survey?

1911, United States House Committee on Public Lands, Providing for Appeals from Decisions of the Interior Department in Land Matters: Hearing Held Before the Committee on the Public Lands of the House Representatives, June 22, 1910, on H.R. 27071, "To Provide for Appeals from Decisions of the Secretary of the Interior to the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia, and for Other Purposes."，第 56 頁:


meander

The stream meandered through the valley.

Instead of a rivulet meandering downwards, there was a foaming brown torrent racing over the ledge, carrying down great loose stones with it and falling with a loud roar far down into the unseen chasm below.

1881, Edwin Lester Arnold, On the Indian Hills:

I'd forgotten how scenic parts of the line are - the railway crosses a host of streams while meandering through meadows or skirting woodland.

2020年November18日, Paul Bigland, “New infrastructure and new rolling stock”, 出自 Rail，第 51 頁:

His speech meandered through various topics.

他的演讲泛泛地谈过很多主题。

使...缠绕，使...弯弯曲曲


washout

wash out 的動詞派生詞。

washaway

冲刷造成的侵蚀；冲出来的水渠

No. 21C9 was in need of a boiler washout and though she was carefully and assiduously fired and use made of the fire-irons during the run, it was not possible to maintain steam, which often fell as low as 210 lb.

1944 March–April, E. S. Waterhouse, “Two Footplate Rides on ‘Merchant Navy’ Locomotives”, 出自 The Railway Magazine, London: Tothill Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，第 88 頁:

In recent months, as we have already reported, boiler washouts of Stratford's "Britannia" Pacifics have been carried out at Norwich, owing to the better staff situation at the latter shed, […]

1959 April, “Motive Power Miscellany: Eastern Region”, 出自 Trains Illustrated, London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，第 224 頁:

The cistern was fitted with washouts and air-valves.

冲刷造成的侵蚀；冲出来的水渠 洪水造成的铁路或路面缺口

同類詞：slipout

In a message to NR [National Rail] staff on August 14, Haines said: "It's not just Scotland impacted by extreme wet weather. This week we have seen, and will continue to see, heavy rain fall. This has caused washouts and landslips across the length and breadth of Great Britain."

2020年August26日, “Network News: [Grant] Shapps Orders Rapid Review of Flash Flood Resilience from NR”, 出自 Rail, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，第 9 頁:

The Austin picnic was a washout, rained all day.

1939, The Railroad Telegrapher, 第 56 卷, Peoria, Ill.: Order of Railroad Telegraphers, →OCLC，第 779 頁:

Illawarra turns blue in Liberal washout [title]

2011年March28日, “Illawarra turns blue in Liberal washout”, 出自 ABC News, Sydney, N.S.W.，2023-03-03歸檔自原頁面:

[Joe] Biden failed to flip crucial toss-up states such as Florida and Ohio and pull off the blue washout his supporters had been touting.

2020年November5日, Jack Elsom, “‘We were told this was going to be a landslide!’ Piers Morgan blames the Democrats and Joe Biden’s lacklustre campaign for closer than predicted presidential race”, 出自 Daily Mail, London: DMG Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，2020-11-19歸檔自原頁面:

With the ex-president [Donald Trump] facing heat for the GOP's midterm washout, there is conflict on if he should hold off next week's event [subtitle]

2022年November11日, Hugo Lowell, “Rift in Trump’s inner circle over 2024 presidential campaign announcement”, 出自 Katharine Viner 編, 衛報, 倫敦: 衛報媒體集團, →ISSN, →OCLC，2023-05-16歸檔自原頁面:

As an actor he was a complete washout, so he went back to accounting.

他的表演生涯很失败，所以他又干回了会计。

（空气作用下）机翼的扭曲

没能完成训练任务的飞行员

冲洗；冲洗液；冲洗出的物体

a bladder washout


equilibrium

源自拉丁語 aequilībrium，源自aequus (“相等”) + lībra (“平衡”)。

equilibriums (plural)
equilibria (plural)

/ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/

Every mammal on this planet instinctively develops a natural equilibrium with the surrounding environment but you humans do not. You move to an area and you multiply and multiply until every natural resource is consumed and the only way you can survive is to spread to another area. There is another organism on this planet that follows the same pattern. Do you know what it is? A virus.

It now appears that the locomotive did not blow up, as was commonly stated at the time, but that the aeroplane flew so low as to come into contact with the dome of the engine, knocking it off. It was the combination of the impact and the uprush of steam that so disturbed the equilibrium of the raider as to cause it to crash.

1943 May and June, “Notes and News: Effective Locomotive "Ack-Ack" Fire”, 出自 Railway Magazine，第 180 頁:


estuary

源自拉丁語 aestuarium (“溪流；河口”)。

/ˈɛst͡ʃʊəɹi/

/ˈɛst͡ʃuˌɛɹi/

The railway then follows the widening estuary of the river, which at high tide has the appearance of a lake, but at low water presents a rather cheerless expanse of dark mud.

鐵路隨後沿著不斷擴大的河口行駛，漲潮時河口看起來像一個湖泊，但退潮時則呈現出一片頗為淒涼的黑色泥灘。

1953 February, H. A. Vallance, “To Brighton through the Shoreham Gap”, 出自 Railway Magazine，第 82 頁:

There's something special about tidal estuaries, due to the abundance of wildlife and the ever-changing scenes as the water ebbs or rises. Throw in some moody skies and filtered sunlight, and the views can resemble a painting by Turner - only you don't have to go to the National Gallery to see this, it's brought to your seat on a train.

潮汐河口有著獨特的魅力，因為這裡有著豐富的野生動物，隨著水位的漲落，景色也千變萬化。再加上陰沉的天空和過濾的陽光，這裡的景色就像是特納的畫作──只不過你不必去國家美術館就能看到，它就在你的火車座位上。

2020年December2日, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, 出自 Rail，第 65 頁:


Eustachian tube

以意大利科學家巴托羅梅奧·埃烏斯塔基奧（Bartolomeo Eustachi）命名。


remember

源自中古英語 remembren，源自古法語 remembrer，源自晚期拉丁語 rememorari (“想起，回想起”)，源自re- + memor (“留心的”)，源自原始印歐語 *mer-、*(s)mer- (“想，留心，记”)。同源词包括古英語 mimorian、mymerian (“记忆”)、古英語 māmorian (“权衡，思量，策划”)。还见mammer。
古法语的继承因该与现存日耳曼词的发音词义相近而得到推动：古英語 mimorian、mymerian (“记忆”)←原始日耳曼語 *mimrōną、*mīmrōną (“记得，留心”)，源自同一印欧语词源，且与薩特弗里斯蘭語 mīmerje (“考量”)、中古低地德語 mimeren (“考量，思索”)、中古荷蘭語 mimeren (“考量”)（荷蘭語 mijmeren (“沉思，深思”)）、古英語 mimor (“留心的”)、古諾爾斯語 Mímir、Mim (“斯堪的纳维亚的记忆之神”)、古英語 māmrian (“想起；策划”)有亲缘关系。与mourn有关。
取代了本土词中古英語 ȝemuneȝen (“记忆”)，源自古英語 ġemynegian (“记忆；提醒”); 中古英語 minnen (“记得”)，源自古諾爾斯語 minna (“提醒”); 中古英語 munden、ȝemunden (“留意，记得”)，源自古英語 ġemynd (“记忆力”)、中古英語 ithenchen、ȝethenchen (“回想；记得”)，源自古英語 ġeþencan、中古英語 manien (“提醒，提到，记忆”)，源自古英語 manian (“劝诫，提醒，提到”)。

In the lightness of my heart I sang catches of songs as my horse gayly bore me along the well-remembered road.

1852, Mrs M.A. Thompson, “The Tutor's Daughter”, 出自 Graham's American Monthly Magazine of Literature, Art, and Fashion，第 266 頁:

[…] I remember a lady coming to inspect St. Mary's Home where I was brought up and seeing us all in our lovely Elizabethan uniforms we were so proud of, and bursting into tears all over us because “it was wicked to dress us like charity children”.

1963, Margery Allingham, 章號 6, 出自 The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

A man's vision reflects his memories. As I looked out on the nation from the President's Oval Office, my reflections included images burned deep in my mind for over a half a century. I remembered my father's concern for the tenant farmer and for the workers' need for collective bargaining. I remembered my mother's deep faith in the value of education. I remembered the pinched and hopeless look of poverty I saw on the faces of the Mexican-American children I had taught. I remembered the army of jobless and ragged men who rode grimy boxcars across our country during the Depression. These and a hundred other separate recollections of struggle and hope were all part of my heritage. They formed a portion of the background against which I developed the programs I felt America wanted and needed.

1971, Lyndon Johnson, The Vantage Point, Holt, Reinhart & Winston, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，第 104 頁:

Remember me? I live in your building.
#*::
 音頻 (美國)： (檔案)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

To heal, we must remember. It's hard sometimes to remember, but that's how we heal. It's important to do that as a nation.

2021, President Joe Biden, (請指定書籍名或刊物名):

Please remember this formula!

Remember what I've said.

Remember to lock the door when you go out.

Please remember me to your brother.

帮我跟你哥哥/弟弟道声好。

She asks to be remembered to you all.

But soon, remembering her how brief the whole
Of joy, which its own hours annihilate,
Her set gaze gathered

1870, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Secret Parting，第 5–7 行s:

You don't have to remind him; he remembers very well.

你不用提醒他，他记忆力很好。

My aunt remembered me in her will, leaving me several thousand pounds.

我姨妈在遗嘱里写了我的名字，给了我几千英镑。

Waitresses, mail carriers, and teachers were often remembered on Boxing Day.

2003, Little Visits 365 Family Devotions: Building Faith for a Lifetime, Concordia Publishing House:

Today we remember and honour those who have served.

今天我们谨此怀念服役过的人，向他们致以崇高的敬意。