wonky

源自英语方言词 wanky，变换自中古英語 wankel (“不稳的，摇摇晃晃的”)，源自古英語 wancol (“不稳定的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *wankul (“摇曳的，摇晃的，不稳的”)。

wonkier (comparative)
wonkiest (superlative)

rickety

虚弱的，不稳的，摇摇欲坠的

buggy

断断续续出现错误（bug）的

broken

断断续续出现错误（bug）的

虚弱的，不稳的，摇摇欲坠的

It seemed likely that he would need First Aid when those wonky steps yielded, at length, to the well-known law of gravitation.

1932, Frank Richards, The Magnet: The Terror of the Form:


sick

源自中古英語 sik、sike、seek、seke、seok，源自古英語 sēoc (“生病的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *seuk，源自原始日耳曼語 *seukaz（对比西弗里斯蘭語 siik、荷蘭語 ziek、德語 siech、書面挪威語 syk、新挪威語 sjuk、丹麥語 syg），源自原始印歐語 *sewg- (“困扰，悲”)，对比中古愛爾蘭語 socht (“沉默，抑郁”)、古典亞美尼亞語 հիւծանիմ (hiwcanim, “变弱”)。

He lay there in a pool of his own sick.

他躺在自己吐出来的东西里。

The bogan, true to form, laps it up like a dog does its own sick.

2010, McSween et al., Things Bogans Like, Sydney: Hachette，頁號 80:


pig

源自中古英語 pigge (“小猪”)（原指小猪，年长猪是swyn），多半源自古英語 *picga（仅可考于picgbrēad (“猪饲料”)等复合词中），源自原始西日耳曼語 *piggō、*puggō (“小猪”)。对比中古荷蘭語 pogge、puggen、pigge、pegsken (“猪崽”)、中古低地德語 pugge、pûke (“猪崽”)。本词使用于体重快速增加的动物幼崽，所以其可能是源自动词“to big”，源自中古英語 biggen、byggen，源自古諾爾斯語 byggja、byggva (“建造”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *būwijaną (“建造”)，源自原始印歐語 *bʰuH- (“成为，成长为”)。Pokorny认为词根与*bū-、*bew- (“肿，胀”)有关，以解释“pig”和“big”之间的互换关系。
有时有人指出其与早期现代荷蘭語 bigge（现代big (“猪崽”)）、西弗里斯蘭語 bigge (“猪崽”)和中古低地德語的相似词有关，但是“发音难以解释”。一些文献指出这些词“多半无关”，其他人认为这一联系“有可能，但无法确定”。
指“警察”的俚语义至晚自1785年起可考。

条子，警察 （源自1785年前）

The protester shouted, “Don't give in to the pigs!” as he was arrested.

There will be no pictures of pigs shooting down brothers on the instant replay

1971, Gil Scott-Heron （作曲作詞）, “The Revolution Will Not Be Televised”:

“...Sounds too easy,” Marvin was saying. “What about the pigs?”

1989, Dan Simmons, Carrion Comfort, page 359,

The bank robberies went on and each raid became more bloody, Meinhof encouraging her followers to “kill the pigs” offering the slightest resistance, referring to policemen.

1990, Jay Robert Nash, Encyclopedia of World Crime: Volume 1: A-C, page 198,

Backing 300 of the more aggressive protesters was a supporting cast of several thousand more who stared down the small line of police. Those in front resumed their taunts of “Pig, pig, fascist pig,” and “pigs eat shit, pigs eat shit.” The rest of the crowd, however, backed off and sat down on the grass when reinforcements arrived. Police did not retaliate for the name-calling, and within minutes the line of demonstrators broke apart and the incident was over without violence.¹¹³

2008, Frank Kusch, Battleground Chicago: The Police and the 1968 Democratic National Convention, page 63,

But me, I joined the party to fight the pigs. That′s why I joined. Because my experience with the police was always negative.

2011, T. J. English, The Savage City: Race, Murder and a Generation on the Edge, unnumbered page,

Got a mind for the undies
I'm tryna stay far from the pigs


cordial

繼承自中古英語 cordial，源自古法語 cordial，源自中世紀拉丁語 cordiālis (“心的”)，源自cor (“心”)。

/ˈkɔɹ.d͡ʒəl/

squash

（一种需要加水饮用的）甜果汁饮料

high juice

（一种需要加水饮用的）甜果汁饮料

（一种需要加水饮用的）甜果汁饮料


legend

源自中古英語 legende，源自古法語 legende，源自中世紀拉丁語 legenda (“传说，故事，尤指圣人的故事”)，源自拉丁語 legenda (“应该一读的东西”)，源自lego (“阅读”)。

inscription

（钱币、勋章或纹章盾牌上的）刻字，铭文

人物： 传奇 救星，恩人

Michael Jordan stands as a legend in basketball.

迈克尔·乔丹在篮球界是一个传奇。

I've lost my pen! —Here mate, borrow mine. —You legend.

我找不到我的笔了！ —拿去，借我的吧。—你真是救了我一命。


daft

源自中古英語 dafte、defte (“温柔的；礼貌的；谦逊的；尴尬的；无聊的；粗野的”)，源自古英語 dæfte (“乐于助人的；温柔的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *daftī (“合适的”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“适”)。与古英語 dafnian、dafenian (“合适的”)、俄語 до́брый (dóbryj, “好的”)有关。
对比silly，其原指“很好的；无辜的；可怜的；弱小的”，但现在指“愚蠢的”。
与daff (“笨蛋；愚蠢的”)（过去式daffed）无关，但可能受到了其影响。

dafter (comparative)
daftest (superlative)

a daft idea

Thou art the daftest fuill that ever I saw. / Trows thou, man, be the law to get remeid / Of men of kirk? Na, nocht till thou be deid.

You are the daftest fool that ever I saw. / Trust you, man, by the law to get a remedy / 源自men of the church? No, not till you are dead.

1602, David Lyndesay [i.e., David Lyndsay], Ane Satyre of the Thrie Estaits, in Commendation of Vertew and Vitvperation of Vyce (in 低地蘇格蘭語), Edinburgh: Printed be Robert Charteris, →OCLC; 再版為 Ane Satyre of the Thrie Estaits, in Commendation of Vertew and Vitvperation of Vyce (Early English Text Society, Original Series; no. 37), [London]: [Published for the Early English Text Society, by N[icholas] Trübner & Co.], [1869], →OCLC，頁號 451，行號s 2008–2010:

In case you haven't heard of them [the Taipings], I must tell you that they were another of those incredible phenomena that made China the topsy-turvey mess it was, like some fantastic land from Gulliver, where everything was upside down and out of kilter. Talk about moonbeams from cucumbers; the Taipings were even dafter than that.

1985, George MacDonald Fraser, 章號 1, 出自 Flashman and the Dragon: 源自the Flashman Papers, 1860, London: Collins Harvill, →ISBN; 再版 New York, N.Y.: Plume, 1987, →ISBN:

You haven't exactly been playing the master tactician through all this, but that seems the daftest course you could possibly have taken.

1990, Iain Pears, The Raphael Affair, London: Gollancz, →ISBN; 再版 New York, N.Y.: Harper, 2014, →ISBN，頁號 22:

The boy gathered himself up, shook his shaggy head, and, said, in a piteous tone: 'Davie's daft!' 'Davie's daft!' He then kicked the poor idiot till his cries attracted the attention of the guests, some of whom immediately came to the spot: […]

1843 April, “The Vale of Glencoe: A Tale of Scotland”, 出自 The Knickerbocker, or New-York Monthly Magazine, 卷 XXI, 期 4, New York, N.Y.: Published by John Allen, […], →OCLC，頁號 339:

‘It’s a lee [lie],’ says the man; ‘she’s either drunk or daft.’ / ‘Me drunk, you ill-tongued vagabond!’ says my Auntie Kirsty, who couldna bear such a reproach on her good name, ‘I’m a’ but blackfasting this day from either meat or drink; you had better no meddle wi’ my character.’

1876, S[arah] R. Whitehead, “On the Wrong Coach”, 出自 Daft Davie and Other Sketches of Scottish Life and Character, London: Hodder and Stoughton, […], →OCLC，頁號 220:


sod

源自古英语复数过去式，或逆構詞自过去分词sodden。

more sod (comparative)
most sod (superlative)

sod damper


sod

源自古英语复数过去式，或逆構詞自过去分词sodden。

And Mart the cook the shovel took / And swung the damper to and fro. / 'Another sod, so help me God, / That's fourteen in a flamin' row.

1954, Tom Ronan, Vision Splendid; quoted in Tom Burton, Words in Your Ear, Wakefield Press, 1999, →ISBN，頁號 120:


chop-chop

源自洋涇浜英語，源自粵語 速速 (cuk1 cuk1)。

We are here today to try and do the impossible: to stop the chop chop industry.

1944, Australian House of Representatives, Parliamentary Debates, Volume 265, page 30968,

Attitudes to tobacco mean it′s virtually sold under the counter (and we′re not talking about ‘chop chop’).

2007, Martin Hughes, The Slow Guide: Melbourne, unnumbered page,


centred

centered的英國, 愛爾蘭, 加拿大, 澳大利亞, 新西蘭, and 南非拼寫法


dishwasher

源自中古英語 dysche wescheare，等价于dish + washer。


cadet

借自法語 cadet，源自加斯科涅语 capdet，源自晚期拉丁語 capitellum (“小头”)。1634年起在英语内可考。
caddy, caudillo, and capitellum的同源對似詞。


grub

源自中古英語 grubben、grobben，源自古英語 *grubbian，源自原始西日耳曼語 *grubb-，源自原始日耳曼語 *grubb-（对比中古荷蘭語 grobben (“刮；爬；拿”)、古高地德語 grubilōn (“挖；搜”)、德語 grübeln (“思考，斟酌”)），源自原始日耳曼語 *grub- (“挖”)（对比*grabaną）。
“幼虫”一意源自中古英語 grub、grubbe、grobbe、crubbe，可能发展自将上面动词解读成“挖昆虫”的说法，或源自中古英語 grub (“矮子”)，其不确定是否与本词有关。对比西弗里斯蘭語 krobbe (“昆虫”)。俚语义“食物”首个记载见于1659年，被认为是与鸟吃幼虫产生联想而发展来的，或者可能与bub (“饮料”)产生了联想。


handball

一種校園遊戲，用手將網球打向地面（臨時的瀝青或石板場地）


banger

源自bang + -er。香肠这么称呼的原因是因为它们水很多，但表皮不透水，因此如果在烹饪前不戳破的话很容易爆炸。

bangers and mash


beaut

beauty 的截斷形式。

beauter (comparative)
beautest (superlative)

An' there was posies all round Jim, He had a bran new suit, The first un that he ever had, An' everything was beaut. An' when the preacher told 'bout Jim— How ' twas he got the swipe— I saw most all them dandy swells A feelin' fer a wipe.

1895, Elbridge Kingsley, Frederick Knab, Picturesque Worcester ...: Complete in Three Parts，頁號 40:

It was beaut to have him home again, and gee, you should have seen the bike he bought me from Paris. From the same factory as his own was made.

She was very motherly towards me then and it was beaut. Before I was eighteen, there just wasn't any kind words. All I wanted to do was get away from there.

1978, Kevin Gilbert, Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert:

Yes, it was beaut.

1996, Madeleine St. John, A Pure Clear Light, 4th Estate, Limited:


duodecillion

duo- + decillion；或來自拉丁語 duodecim (“十二”) + -illion。


savoury

savourier (comparative)
savouriest (superlative)

savory的另一種寫法


savoury

savory的另一種寫法


high school

源自中古英語 hyȝ scole (“提供更高級別教育的學校”)，等同於 high + school。與荷蘭語 hogeschool (“學院，大學，研究生院”)、德語 Hochschule (“學院，大學”) 同源。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/EN-AU ck1 high school.ogg


innit

用来代替任何否定的附加疑问句，无论人称、性数、或动词是什么。

You like listening to pop music, innit?

你喜欢听流行音乐，对吧？

You were dissing my girl, innit?

I like pop music innit


the jig is up

jig曾指“活泼的舞蹈”，在伊丽莎白时代，还曾经是指“恶作剧”的俚语。该词即派生自这个弃用俚语词。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-the jig is up.ogg

（当自己说时）我们被打了个措手不及，我们完蛋了，我们穿帮了；（当对他人说时）你们已经被拆穿了，你们完蛋了

We knew then the jig was up, and it was no grin matter for us.

When I first told 'em how the jig was up with us, that the British were going to have the land, without any fighting about it, I never see fellows so mad before in my life, unless it was Major Eaton at Washington when he sot out to flog Mr. Ingham.

1833, Seba Smith (as Jack Downing), The life and writings of Major Jack Downing, of Downingville, away down East in the State of Maine, Lilly; Wait; Colman & Holden，頁號 176:

After I had returned home in the spring of 1893 from Washington, where I saw so many gray-haired men who had held high elective office begging for the crumbs from Cleveland's table, I gave my wife an account of what I observed, and told her that when the jig was up for me I would hasten back to Missouri to begin the practice of law once more and be a man among men.

1920, Champ Clark, My Quarter Century of American Politics, Harper & brothers，頁號 96:

The universe works in strange ways: just when you think the jig is up, you get a second chance.

2007, Mary Newport, in Jerry Newport and Mary Newport, Mozart and the Whale: An Asperger's Love Story, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN，頁號 248:


aggro

源自aggravation 的截斷形式 + -o (指小后缀)，受到了aggressive的影响。

暴力行为，暴行；咄咄逼人的行为 （不一定发展为暴力）

Move along, lads; we don't want any aggro.

走开吧，兄弟，我们可不想动手。

That is the case because, according to Marsh, soccer hooliganism is one of Britain's principal forms of aggro. If it is true that there is an absence of aggro traditions in the USA — and there is a wealth of evidence which suggests that Marsh is wrong on this score — then it is reasoble to deduce from Marsh′s arguments that it is unlikely that phenomena such as soccer hooliganism could or ever will develop there.

1999, Eric Dunning, Sport Matters : Sociological Studies of Sport, Violence and Civilisation，頁號 162:

‘We ain′t got a name yet. We′re into aggro.’
‘Aggro?’
‘Yeah, you know, aggression, aggravation. Aggro’.

2011, Jake Arnott, The Long Firm，unnumbered 頁號:


aggro

more aggro (comparative)
most aggro (superlative)

“The Chuckster say you two be finding aggro idiot who kilt Long,” said Dude.
I thought I understood but looked at Charles for help.
“Aggro means pissed off.” translated Charles. He still hadn't cracked a smile. Tardiness made Charles aggro.

2011, Bill Noel., The Marsh: A Folly Beach Mystery，頁號 70:


dead set

more dead set (comparative)
most dead set (superlative)

hell-bent

坚定的，执著的，死心塌地的，专注而不动摇的

He is a dead set fool.

他就是个如假包换的笨蛋。


stone the crows

在20世纪10年代原为澳大利亚英语，“指以前看守农田并用石头砸糟蹋庄稼的乌鸦的职业”。

天啊 （表达惊讶或仅强调的一般化叹词）

“Why, stone the crows! I′ll look yous up,” sez ′e. / “I need some friends: I ain′t got wife nor chick.”

1924, C. J. Dennis, “Rose Of Spadgers”, 出自 Sentimental Bloke and Other Verses, 出版於 1988，頁號 86:

The he pinched himself to make sure he was really awake, "Stone the crows!" he said softly. "Stone the crows!"

1971, Richard Carpenter, Catweazle and the Magic Zodiac, Harmondsworth: Puffin Books，頁號 141:

So I says to meself: stone the crows, I′m a doomed man, might as well shoot through. It was cyclone time, see, and there′s been flash floods and this rock as big as a house has gone.

1988, Janette Turner Hospital, Charades，頁號 63:

‘Stone the crows,’ I whispered in sheer relief.

2008, Norman Jorgensen, Jack′s Island, ReadHowYouWant, 出版於 2011，頁號 170:


demeanour

demeanor的英國, 澳大利亞, 新西蘭, and 加拿大拼寫法

By some paradoxical evolution rancour and intolerance have been established in the vanguard of primitive Christianity. Mrs. Spoker, in common with many of the stricter disciples of righteousness, was as inclement in demeanour as she was cadaverous in aspect.

1922, Ben Travers, 章號 4, 出自 A Cuckoo in the Nest:


bit on the side

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/EN-AU ck1 bit on the side.ogg

I'm married to Paula, but Jackie, my bit on the side, is far more fun.

我妻子是Paula，但是我的小三Jackie可比她有意思多了。