plight

源自中古英語 plit (“折痕，皱纹，不好的情况”)，中古英語 pliht, plight (“风险，危险”)（源自古英語 pliht (“危险，风险”)）和盎格魯-諾曼語 plit, plyte (“折叠，条件”)的异文合并，源自古法語 pleit (“条件，折叠的方式”)（源自通俗拉丁語 *plictum，源自拉丁語 plicitum (“折叠”)）。

（任何）情况，境况 （自14世纪）


plight

源自中古英語 plight (“风险，危险”)，源自古英語 pliht (“风险，危险，损坏”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *plihti (“照料，责任，职责，使命”)。其一个带后缀形式出现于古英语pleoh (“风险，危险，伤害”，亦“责任”)和plēon (“使...危险，让...冒风险”)。与古英語 plihtan (“使...有风险”)有关。同源词包括低地蘇格蘭語 plicht (“责任”)、荷蘭語 plicht、低地德語 plicht (“使命”)、德語 Pflicht (“责任，使命”)、丹麥語 pligt (“使命”)、意第緒語 פֿליכט (flikht)。详见pledge。


plight

源自中古英語 pliȝt、plight、plyt、pleit，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 pleit (“褶，辫”)。详见plait。

Many a folded plight.

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book II, Canto III”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 26:


sick

sic的变体，其又是seek的变换形式。

"Wapi," she almost screamed, "go back! Sick 'em, Wapi—sick 'em—sick 'em—sick 'em!"

1920, James Oliver Curwood, "Back to God's Country"

When we were at work swabbing the deck, necessarily barelegged, Pelle would sick the dog on us; and it was an endless source of pleasure to him when the dog succeeded in fastening its teeth in our legs and making the blood run down our ankles.

1938, Eugene Gay-Tifft, translator, The Saga of Frank Dover by Johannes Buchholtz, 2005 Kessinger Publishing edition, ISBN 141915222X, page 125,

"...is just something God sicks on people who have the gall to accuse Him of having created an ugly world."

1957, J. D. Salinger, "Zooey", in, 1961, Franny and Zooey, 1991 LB Books edition, page 154,

Now they find a new entertainment: they sick the dog on us.

2001 (publication date), Anna Heilman, Never Far Away: The Auschwitz Chronicles of Anna Heilman, University of Calgary Press, ISBN 1552380408, page 82,


girl

源自中古英語 gerle、girle、gyrle (“任何性别的年轻人”)，之后的来源不详。可能是源自古英語 *gyrle、*gyrele，源自原始日耳曼語 *gurwilaz，原始日耳曼語 *gurwijaz的一个指小词形式（比较北弗里斯蘭語 gör (“女孩”)、低地德語 Gör、Göre (“任何性别的孩子”)、德語 Göre (“孩童”)、方言挪威語 gorre、方言瑞典語 garre、gurre (“小孩”)），源自原始印歐語 *ǵʰer- (“短的”)（对比古愛爾蘭語 gair (“短的”)、古希臘語 χρεώ (khreṓ, “需要”)、χρήσθαι (khrḗsthai, “需要”)、梵語 ह्रस्व (hrasva, “短的，小的”)）。


Deutsch

借自德語 Deutsch (“德语”)。Dutch, thede, and tuath的同源對似詞。

Riley's father, Reuben, spoke Deutsch in his boyhood home and did not learn to speak English until after his childhood even though he came from Irish roots. Riley's ancestors kept alive many of the old folktales and stories of their lives. Few of these Deutsch tales survive.

1997, Thomas E. Q. Williams, James Whitcomb Riley: the poet as flying islands of the night, page 76:

This letter had to be written in Deutsch because neither Paul nor Harriet knew Danish.

2002, Richard Braden, Escape from Europe, page 102:

“We sing our Sunday hymns a cappella, too,” Sadie said. “But Amish songs are very different from yours. They're written in Deutsch, and there's no harmony.”

2012, Rosalind Lauer, A Simple Spring: A Seasons of Lancaster Novel, page 163:


Deutsch

more Deutsch (comparative)
most Deutsch (superlative)


nox

源自拉丁語 nox (“夜晚，黑暗”)，通过与lux类比，其源自拉丁語 lūx (“光；日光；白天”)。 night的同源對似詞。

毫勒克斯 （光照强度单位）


palabra

借自西班牙語 palabra (“词语”)。parable的同源對似詞。

:Template:rfquote-sense


tan

來自布利屯語；與yan (“一”)同樣受交替母音影響。

基數二，以前在凱爾特地區使用，特別是坎布里亞郡和約克郡部分地區，用於數羊和計算針數。


autopsy

源自新拉丁語 autopsia，源自古希臘語 αὐτοψῐ́ᾱ (autopsíā, “亲眼看”)。


galaxy

源自中古英語 galaxye、galaxie，源自古法語 galaxie，源自拉丁語 galaxias，源自古希臘語 γαλαξίας (galaxías, “银河系”)，源自γάλα (gála, “奶”)。

So may thy cheekes red outweare scarlet dye, / And their white, whitenesse of the Galaxie [...].


covert

源自中古英語 covert，源自古法語 covert，covrir (“盖”)（对应于拉丁語 coopertus）的过去分词，与cover同源。

more covert (comparative)
most covert (superlative)

Within that wood there was a covert glade, / Foreby a narrow foord, to them well knowne […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.5:


baffle

不详。可能与法語 bafouer (“藐视”)或已弃用的法語 befer (“嘲笑”)有关，经由苏格兰语bauchle (“羞辱”)。

hoodwink

欺骗 （16-18世纪）

deceive

欺骗 （16-18世纪）

制止，阻止，挫败 （自17世纪）

the art that baffles time's tyrannic claim

1798, William Cowper, On the Receipt of My Mother's Picture:

It may have been the failure of Christianity to emancipate itself from expiatory theories of moral responsibility, guilt, innocence, reward, punishment, and the rest of it, that baffled its intention of changing the world.

1898, George Bernard Shaw, Caesar and Cleopatra:

So they had to search the world again for a sphinx. And still there was none. But they were not men that it is easy to baffle, and at last they found a sphinx in a desert at evening watching a ruined temple whose gods she had eaten hundreds of years ago when her hunger was on her.

1915, Edward Plunkett, Lord Dunsany, Fifty-One Tales:


fulminate

源自拉丁語 fulminātus，fulminō (“照亮，（雷电）劈”)的过去分词，源自fulmen (“引起着火的雷电”)，源自早期形式*fulgmen、*fulgimen，源自fulgeō、fulgō (“闪，照亮”)。fulmine的同源對似詞。详见fulgent。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-fulminate.wav

the present owners couldn't afford the electric bills anymore, several amateur gaffers, sad to say, having already been fulminated trying to bootleg power in off the municipal lines.

2009, Thomas Pynchon, Inherent Vice, Vintage 2010, p. 235:


rear

来自中古英語 reren (“抬升、提升”)，古英語 rǣran (“抬升、竖立、促进、提升、创立、激发、唤醒、唤起、煽动”)，原始日耳曼語 *raizijaną、*raisijaną (“使上升”)，原始印歐語 *h₁rey- (“抬起某物本身、上升”)。
与低地蘇格蘭語 rere (“构建、建设”)，冰島語 reisa (“使提升”)，哥特語 𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (raisjan, “使上升、抬起、建立”)，德語 reisen (“旅行”, 字面意思是“起身离开”)同源，且是raise的同源對似詞。另请参见rise。
与rise（上升）和raise（提升）有关，两个词曾用于rear现在的几个古老或过时的意义，以及用于rear目前在英语其他方言中更常见的一些意义。

建造防御或房子。

在一个政府的废墟上建立另一个政府。

to rear one government on the ruins of another.


remittent

more remittent (comparative)
most remittent (superlative)

（指症状）缓和的，减轻的

[…] the long, long fever of life, which with him never knew a remittent moment, had robbed him of that which every man has a right to expect, some pleasure in the course of his existence.

1875, Charlotte Riddell, 章號 14, 出自 The Uninhabited House:


philosophy

源自中古英語 philosophie、古法語 philosophie以及两者词源拉丁語 philosophia，源自古希臘語 φιλοσοφία (philosophía)，源自φίλος (phílos, “爱...的”) + σοφία (sophía, “智慧”)。可作philo- + -sophy分析。取代英语本土词古英語 ūþwitegung。

Plato hath (in my seeming) loved this manner of Philosophying, Dialogue wise in good earnest, that therby he might more decently place in sundry mouthes the diversity and variation of his owne conceits.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, 章號 12, 出自 John Florio（譯者）, The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:


cordial

繼承自中古英語 cordial，源自古法語 cordial，源自中世紀拉丁語 cordiālis (“心的”)，源自cor (“心”)。

more cordial (comparative)
most cordial (superlative)

/ˈkɔɹ.d͡ʒəl/


stifle

动词派生自晚期中古英語 stuflen (“因炎热而难以呼吸；淹水，因呛水窒息”) [以及其他形式]，之后词源不详，可能源自stuffen (“通过窒息杀死；因闷热窒息；压制，灭杀；剥夺植物的生长条件”) + -el- (动词的衍生性中缀，可能意指指小，程度增强或反复性动作和事件)。 stuffen派生自古法語 estofer、estouffer (“使...窒息，勒死；（比喻义）压制，抑制”) [以及其他形式]（现代法語 étouffer），变换自estoper、estuper (“阻塞；绷紧，使...变厚”)（现代法語 étouper (“填补”)），受到了estofer (“给...装垫子”)（现代法語 étoffer）的影响。estoper派生自通俗拉丁語 *stuppāre，源自拉丁語 stuppa (“粗亚麻”)（作为填塞材料，源自古希臘語 στύπη (stúpē)、στύππη (stúppē)（对比στυππεῖον (stuppeîon)），可能源自前希臘時期的底層語言 ）+ -āre。据《牛津英语词典》，其派生自古諾爾斯語 stífla (“筑坝；阻塞”)的说法“在词形和词义方面难有说服力”。
名词派生自动词。

（动词词义的名词形式）窒息；呼吸困难；压制抑制等


archipelago

源自意大利語 arcipelago，根据古希臘語 ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “主要的”) + πέλαγος (pélagos, “海洋”)构成，为爱琴海的名称。爱琴海有很多岛屿，而“Arcipelago”原是指爱琴海的专有名词，后泛化到可以指代有很多岛屿的海，后面又到这种海中的岛屿。

archipelagos (plural)
archipelagoes (plural)

/ɑːkɪˈpɛləɡəʊ/

/ˌɑɹkɪˈpɛləˌɡoʊ/

[I]n his imagination he had settled his route, through Holland and France to Sicily, which he had long wished to see, and from thence to the Archipelago […] 。

1791, Charlotte Smith, Celestina, Broadview 2004, p. 413:


trance

源自中古英語 traunce，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 transe (“对邪恶降临的恐惧；从生到死的过程”)，源自transir (“因恐惧而僵住；死亡”)，源自拉丁語 trānseō (“穿过”)。

entrance

使...昏迷，使...出神

The Horned Toad (kɛŋkak) tranced the rivers into being. A bakɔh bird tranced the mountains. The Scrub Bulbul (ˀɛsˀããs) drilled fire into existence with its beak. And, finally, the Bronzed Black Drongo (tɛrhɛɛh) tranced the year […]

2014, Geoffrey Benjamin, Temiar Religion, 1964-2012, page 64:

What is interesting for us here is that Chingkai and her familiars dreamed and tranced the Temiar world into being. […]

1995, Sue Jennings, Kevin Jennings, Theatre, Ritual, and Transformation: The Senoi Temiars, page 111:


wait

源自中古英語 waiten，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 waiter、waitier（对比法語 guetter←古法語 gaitier、guaitier)，源自古法蘭克語 *wahtwēn (“看守，守卫”)，派生自古法蘭克語 *wahtu (“看守”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *wahtwō (“看守”)，源自原始印歐語 *weǵ- (“鲜，快乐”)。同源词有古高地德語 wahtēn (“看守，守卫”)、德國低地德語 wachten (“等”)、荷蘭語 wachten (“等”)、法語 guetter (“守候”)、薩特弗里斯蘭語 wachtje (“等”)、西弗里斯蘭語 wachtsje (“等”)、北弗里斯蘭語 wachtjen (“待命”)。详见watch。
很大程度上取代了本土词古英語 bīdan。

await

等待；期待 （现在多用wait for）

等待；期待 （现在多用wait for）

to wait one’s turn

The Court had assembled, to wait events, in the huge antechamber known as the Œil de Boeuf.

1992, Hilary Mantel, A Place of Greater Safety, Harper Perennial, 出版於 2007，頁號 30:


fig

Ginger, a showy, fast horse — as if he had been figged with ginger under his tail; a red-haired man.

1874, The Slang Dictionary: Etymological, Historical, and Anecdotal，頁號 176:

He must be "figged." Figging consists in pushing a piece of crushed ginger into the return of the wretched creature — a practice which is now illegal, and of which information should be given to the R.S.P.C.A. whenever detected.

“Is something amiss with the horse, Parr?” His gaze left the horse for a second as he glanced at Grace. “Yes, the horse has been figged. Now I just need to figure out who the culprit is.”

2015, Becky Lower, The Cotillion Ball Saga, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:


poise

源自中古英語 poys、poyse，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 pois、中古法語 pois (“重量”)和盎格魯-諾曼語 poise、中古法語 poise (一种重量单位)，源自拉丁語 pēnsāre (“衡量，斟酌，思考”)。

使...平衡，握着...使其保持平衡 （自16世纪）


termination

[O]n this idea, in naming the bases of potash and soda, it will be proper to adopt the termination which, by common consent, has been applied to other newly discovered metals... Potasium and sodium are the names...

1808, Humphry Davy, The Bakerian Lecture, on some new Phenomena of chemical Changes produced by Electricity, particularly the Decomposition of the fixed Alkalis, and on the Exhibition of the new substances which constitute their bases; and on the general Nature of alkaline Bodies, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Part 1, p. 32.


cobweb

源自中古英語 copweb、coppeweb，等价于弃用词cop (“蜘蛛”) + web。对比中古荷蘭語 kopwebbe、德國低地德語 Kobbenwebbe (威斯特伐利亚)。

很久没有更新或没人访问的网页


corollary

源自中古英語，源自晚期拉丁語 corōllārium (“为花冠支付钱；礼物，酬金；推导”)，源自corōlla (“小花冠”)，corōna (“冠，王冠”)的指小词。

/ˈkɔɹəˌlɛɹi/

/kɔˈɹoʊˌlɛɹi/


corny

源自中古英語 corny，等价于corn + -y。至于义项“陈腐的”，源自“corn catalogue jokes”，即印在邮寄作物种子目录内的笑话，常被认为质量较低。

cornier (comparative)
corniest (superlative)

kitsch

老套的，陈腐的；无病呻吟的

kitschy

老套的，陈腐的；无病呻吟的

cheesy

老套的，陈腐的；无病呻吟的

tacky

老套的，陈腐的；无病呻吟的

campy

老套的，陈腐的；无病呻吟的

schlocky

老套的，陈腐的；无病呻吟的

schmaltzy

老套的，陈腐的；无病呻吟的

Country Cornbread Muffins (page 290) / Marlene Says: The cool crunchy salad and slightly sweet corny muffins are perfect partners to the creamy, spicy black bean soup.

2012, Marlene Koch, Eat More of What You Love, Running Press, →ISBN:

There are cornbread recipes, and there are cornbread recipes. This one absolutely sings. Based on her daddy’s, and then her sister’s, beloved skillet-made bread, Maggie’s own recipe developed over time. It’s more about method, she says, but using stone-ground cornmeal and whole buttermilk are just as important. And a hot, seasoned cast-iron skillet is a must. What emerges is a rich “corny” bread, an almost melting soft interior encased in a ridiculously toothsome crust.

2014, Nancy Vienneau, The Third Thursday Community Potluck Cookbook: Recipes and Stories to Celebrate the Bounty of the Moment, Nelson Books, Thomas Nelson，頁號 180:

“CORNY” BREAD MUFFINS + HONEY BUTTER (GRAIN-, DAIRY-, SOY-, NIGHTSHADE-FREE) Well, making cornbread without corn is kinda tricky, but since corn is indeed a grain, “real” cornbread will not be found here.

2015, Jennifer Robins, Down South Paleo: Delectable Southern Recipes Adapted for Gluten-Free, Paleo Eaters, Page Street Publishing Co., →ISBN，頁號 139:

Fiesta Corny Muffins / Cornbread goes with everything: salad, soup, and chili.

2016, Stephanie Clarke, Willow Jarosh, Healthy, Happy Pregnancy Cookbook, Atria Paperback, →ISBN，頁號 83:

Have beans, bacon, and cornbread for dinner.[…]Have peas, bacon, and corny bread for dinner.

2019, George O. Wilson, Jr., Osborne Wilson’s Civil War Diaries, Christian Faith Publishing, Inc., →ISBN:


connive

源自法語 conniver (“默许而成为共犯”)或直接源自其词源拉丁語 connīvēre、cōnīvēre，connīveō、cōnīveō (“闭眼，眯眼，使眼色；忽视，不管”)（可能和两个一起私下阴谋做某事的人相互使眼色有关）的复数第三人称主动完成时直陈式，源自con- (表示使几个物体在一起的后缀) + *nīvēre（与nictō (“眨眼，使眼色”)有关，源自原始印歐語 *kneygʷʰ- (“弯，垂”)）。

This species [...] differs from other species of this genus in the upper pinnæ being contracted, which are sinuously lobed, each lacinæ and lobe bearing a sorus, furnished with a nearly orbicular indusium, the free exterior margin of which connives with the margin of the lobe, [...]

1875, John Smith, “118.—Nephrolepis, Schott. (1834).: Hook Sp. Fil.”, 出自 Historia Filicum; an Exposition on the Nature, Number, and Organography of Ferns, […], London: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC, part 2 (General Arrangement and Characteristics of Tribes and Genera, […])，頁號 227:


couth

We transformed the uncouths into couths, the unkempts into kempts, the inerts into erts! We did it all by speaking to teen-agers on their own terms and in their own language.

[1967, Bernice Fitz-Gibbon, Macy’s, Gimbels, and Me: How to Earn $90,000 a Year in Retail Advertising, New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC，頁號 91:

I'm going to hit that "Gulf of Texas" beach with a bundle of couths and suaves because those Texas gals that hang around the big shrimp boats are used to good living.

1968 November, “C. R. Terror”, 出自 Richard L. Anderson 編, The MAC Flyer (USAF Recurring Publication; 62-5), 卷 XV, 期 11, Scott Air Force Base, Ill.: Directorate of Safety, Headquarters Military Airlift Command, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁號 28，列號 1:


exquisite

源自拉丁語 exquīsītus，exquīrō (“找出，找到”)的过去分词。

花花公子 （自20世纪初叶）

It is impossible to meet with a more finished coxcomb than a Broadway exquisite, or a “Broadway swell,” which is the designation attached to him on the spot.

1849, Alexander Mackay, The western world; or, travels in the United States in 1846-87 (page 93)

So striking was his appearance that two exquisites, emerging from the Savoy Hotel and pausing on the pavement to wait for a vacant taxi, eyed him with pained disapproval as he approached, and then, starting, stared in amazement.
#*:: 'Good Lord!' said the first exquisite.

1925, P. G. Wodehouse, Sam the Sudden, Random House, London:2007, p. 42.


enthrall

bewitch

迷住，吸引住，使...着迷

captivate

迷住，吸引住，使...着迷

charm

迷住，吸引住，使...着迷

enchant

迷住，吸引住，使...着迷

transfix

迷住，吸引住，使...着迷

enslave

使...屈服，使...成为奴隶

subjugate

使...屈服，使...成为奴隶

disenthrall

使...屈服，使...成为奴隶

使...屈服，使...成为奴隶

[…] Who oft as undeservedly enthrall / His outward freedom: Tyranny must be;

1667, John Milton, “Book XII”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:


Christmas

专有名词派生自中古英語 Cristemasse、Criste-mas (“圣诞节；圣诞季节；圣诞节庆祝活动”) [以及其他形式]，源自古英語 Cristes mæsse (“圣诞节”, 字面意思是“基督的弥撒”)，源自Crist (“基督”) + -es (属格标记词) + mæsse (“弥撒”)。英语词作Christ + -mas (表示节日或神圣的日子的后缀)分析。
名词、形容词和动词均派生自专有名词。
形容词词义指传统上与圣诞节联想起来的颜色。

Christmases
Christmasses
Christmasing
Christmassing
Christmased
Christmassed


frolic

源自荷蘭語 vrolijk (“欢喜的”)，源自中古荷蘭語 vrolijc，源自古荷蘭語 frōlīk，源自原始日耳曼語 *frawalīkaz。对比德語 fröhlich (“开心的，快乐的”)。
前一个元素，最终源自原始日耳曼語 *frawaz并与中古英語 frow (“匆忙的”)同源；之后的元素，最终源自*-līkaz并与-ly、-like同源。

more frolic (comparative)
most frolic (superlative)

开心的，欢快的，欢腾的，闹腾的 （自16世纪30年代）

The frolick wind that breathes the Spring,

1645, John Milton, “L’Allegro” in Poems, London: Humphrey Moseley, p. 31,

For women, born to be controul’d,

1682, Edmund Waller, “Of Love” in Poems, &c. written upon several occasions, and to several persons, London: H. Herringman, 5th edition, 1686, p. 73,

You meet him at the tables and conversations of the wise, the impertinent, the grave, the frolic, and the witty; [...]

1766, Joseph Addison, The Spectator - Volume 5 - Page 304:

Beale, under this frolic menace, took nothing back at all; he was indeed apparently on the point of repeating his extravagence, but Miss Overmore instructed her little charge that she was not to listen to his bad jokes [...].


gorgeous

源自中古英語 gorgeouse，借自中古法語 gorgias (“雅致的，时尚的”)，源自古法語 gourgias、gorgias (“华丽的；花哨的，炫耀的；精致的”)，其词源不详，但可能与古法語 gorgias (“护喉”)有关，其源自古法語 gorge (“胸部；喉咙”)。参见gorge。词义发展可能是“因自豪而挺胸”→“得意，招摇”。

more gorgeous (comparative)
most gorgeous (superlative)

非常令人愉快的；非常美味的，等

Hummus is absolutely gorgeous.


glaring

Leonard: You’re clearly upset about Amy being gone, and you’re trying to replace her with a bunch of cats.

2010, Chuck Lorre et al., The Big Bang Theory, episode “The Zazzy Substitution”


confide

源自、，源自拉丁語 confīdere (“相信，信任”)，，源自con- (“一起”) + fidēre (“信任”)。17世纪初叶首次出现于英语中。faith and fidelity的同源對似詞。

"Be calm, lovely Antonia!" he replied; "no danger in near you: confide in my protection."

1796, Matthew Lewis, The Monk, Folio Society, 出版於 1985，頁號 269:

In thy protection I confide.


guitar

源自西班牙語 guitarra，源自阿拉伯語 قِيثَارَة (qīṯāra)，源自拉丁語 cithara，源自古希臘語 κιθάρα (kithára)。cithara, cither, and zither的同源對似詞。

We guitared and drummed and head banged and pianoed.

我們彈著吉他，拍著鼓，敲著鋼琴，搖頭晃腦。


fawn

源自中古英語 fawnen，源自古英語 fagnian，fæġnian (“庆祝”)的变换形式，其派生出中古英語 fainen、英語 fain。与古諾爾斯語 fagna同源。还见fain。


hand-me-down

“See into life, don’t just look at it” is her [Anne Baxter’s] creditable credo, hand-me-downed from her famous architect grandfather, the late Frank Lloyd Wright。

1963, Celebrity Register: An Irreverent Compendium of American Quotable Notables, Harper & Row，頁號 40:

The carpet was a montage of fade and unfade indicating that when new it had been used in another office—probably Mr. Barlowe’s—and then hand-me-downed when the decorators had cut loose.

1966, Mike Cohen, The Bright Young Man, J. B. Lippincott Company，頁號 27:

The traditional family was poorly adapted to consumption: its raison d’être was rooted in sharing, hand-me-downing, and cooperative endeavor.

1990, Jan E. Dizard, Howard Gadlin, The Minimal Family, The University of Massachusetts Press, →ISBN，頁號 41:

He had scraped together the funds to traipse off to the latest Bonanza camp, to buy speculative stocks, liquor and fine Sacramento meals for his boomer friends and fancy women, while my mother cut pieces of cardboard and canvas into soles to stuff inside our shoes to stop the holes, and hand-me-downed our clothes.

1998, Oakley M. Hall, Ambrose Bierce and the Queen of Spades: A Mystery Novel, Berkeley, Calif., Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California Press, →ISBN，頁號 124:

The first thing Gabe saw as they pulled close was the flashing lights of Ruleton’s two police cruisers parked off to the side of the road—the new one Sheriff Dodd’s, the humble other the battered black-and-white that he’d hand-me-downed to his deputy, Ralph Simpson.

2006, Tom Bailey, Cotton Song, Shaye Areheart Books, →ISBN，頁號 283:

He could not change the past but he was determined that he would not follow in the grand family hand-me-downed legacy.

2012, Lee Beck, From a Dark Place, AuthorHouse, →ISBN，頁號 442:

Instead I changed into a blue skirt and a white blouse with a scalloped collar, hand-me-downs from Marie Dowd that she had gotten hand-me-downed from cousins in Brooklyn who went to Catholic school.

2017, Carol Zoref, Barren Island, New Issues Poetry & Prose, →ISBN，頁號 157:

He wore a white dress shirt that was buttoned uncomfortably tight around his neck, a black tie, and an oversized blazer that had been hand-me-downed from one of his older cousins.

2018, Ty Marshall, “Love Seldom. Trust Never.”, 出自 Goodfellas, Urban Books, →ISBN, chapter one (The Early Years):


irresponsible

more irresponsible (comparative)
most irresponsible (superlative)

They left the crown what, in the eye and estimation of law, it had ever been, perfectly irresponsible.

1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, Oxford, 出版於 2009，頁號 28:


gecko

现代形式可能是由荷蘭語 gekko（1718年）借入英语和其他欧洲语言 (1718）。当时在英语中的形式为chacco（1711年）和jackoa（1724年）。之后的来源不详。一些文献提出了馬來語 gekok、gekoq或gekop，它们可能是仿自壁虎的叫声。其他理论认为源自亞齊語 gèh-gòh (“忙的”)。

像壁虎一样移动（贴在垂直或朝下的平面上）

An emergency handpad, geckoed to the expanding bulkhead, slid past to one side. Sarasti grabbed it and tapped commands.

2006 October, Peter Watts, Blindsight, New York, N.Y.: Tor Books, Tom Doherty Associates, →ISBN，頁號 344:

And as Dave geckoed his way along the walls, he began seeing more and more skid marks left behind by Damien's Sewer Cruiser.

2009, Wendelin Van Draanen, The Gecko & Sticky: The Greatest Power, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN，頁號 33:

"H-h-here, boss!" Angelo called, and with that Dave kicked into gear, geckoing across the rest of the ceiling to the safety of the adjacent service room.

2010, Wendelin Van Draanen, The Gecko & Sticky: Sinister Substitute, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN，頁號 121:


indemnify

源自in- (“里”) + damnify (“伤害，亏待”)，被同化入indemn和indemnify (“保障，保险；补偿”)。


hobnob

源自hob and nob、hob or nob (干杯时所喊出的一个短语，可能意为give and take，指轮流干杯或轮流买酒，现已古旧)，源自方言词hab nab (“有或没有，指去喝酒的邀请”)，源自古英語 habban (“拥有”)（最终源自原始印歐語 *keh₂p- (“拿，掠”)） + nabban (“没有”)（源自ne（最终源自原始印歐語 *ne (“不，否”)） + habban）。

He is knight dubb'd with vnhatche'd Rapier, and on carpet conſideration, but he is a diuell in priuate brall, soules and bodies hath he diuorc'd three, and his incenſement at this moment is ſo implacable, that ſatisfaction can be none, but by pangs of death and ſepulcher: Hob, nob, is his word: giu't or take't.

c. 1601–1602 （写稿日期）, 威廉·莎士比亚, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will [第十二夜]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio（第一对开本）), 伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard和Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]，頁號 269:


nondescript

more nondescript (comparative)
most nondescript (superlative)

undescribed

（学术文献中）无记载的，无描述的

unidentified

（学术文献中）无记载的，无描述的

（学术文献中）无记载的，无描述的


hoodwink

动词派生自hood (“兜帽，风帽”) + wink (“闭眼”)。
名词派生自动词。


mignon

源自法語 mignon，源自中古法語 mignon (“爱人”)，源自古法語 mignon (“精致的，舒心的，温柔的”)，源自古法蘭克語 *minnjo (“爱情，友情，喜爱，回忆”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *minþijō、*mindijō (“想念，关怀”)，源自原始印歐語 *men-、*mnā- (“想”)。与古高地德語 minnja (“爱，关怀，欲望，回忆”)、古撒克遜語 minnea (“爱”)同源。见mind。亦对比minion和荷蘭語 minnen (“爱”)。

可爱的人，可爱的孩子（18到19世纪）

“I wish the blow he dealt to that fine essenced mignon had beat his brains out.”

1789, John Moore, Zeluco, Valancourt 2008, p. 264:


kibosh

可能是bosh (“胡言”)的变体。

Still I wish you a 'Appy New Year, if you care for the kibosh, old Chappie, / Though 'taint 'Igh Art Cards full o' gush and green paint 'll make you and me 'appy. / Wot we want is lucre and larks, love and lotion as much as you'll carry!

1885年January3日, ’Arry [pseudonym], “’Arry on ’Appiness”, 出自 Punch, or The London Charivari, 卷 LXXXVIII, London: […] Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., […], →OCLC，頁號 4，列號 1:

Gar'n! Gives me the 'ump, all this kibosh 'bout morals, and taste, and all that.

1887年April9日, ’Arry [pseudonym], “Studies from Mr. Punch’s Studio. No. XXIV.”, 出自 Punch, or The London Charivari, 卷 XCII, London: […] Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., […], →OCLC，頁號 172，列號 2:


kibosh

She was, in very Sooth, among the highest of the Rollers, but Hiram stood for the Bills with nary a Whimper. He was proud to be the Husband of the Lady Ki-Bosh of the Local Knickerbockers.

1904 March, George Ade, “Rugged Hiram and Hiram’s Giddy Wife”, 出自 Breaking into Society, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC，頁號 34:


providence

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 providence、中古法語 providence，及两者词源拉丁語 prōvidentia (“远虑”)，源自prōvidēre (“提供”)的现在分词。取代了本土词古英語 foresċēawung。

预先准备，深谋远虑，远见 （自14世纪）


prevarication

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 prevaricassion、中古法語 prevarication和其来源，拉丁語 praevāricātiō (“与对手串通；偏离正轨；欺瞒”)，源自praevāricor的词干。

/pɹɪˌvæɹɪˈkeɪʃən/

/pɹɪˌvæɹəˈkeɪʃən/


pantomime

约17世纪，源自拉丁語 pantomīmus，源自古希臘語 παντόμιμος (pantómimos)，源自πᾶς (pâs, “全”) + μιμέομαι (miméomai, “模仿”)。

滑稽哑剧演员 （自17世纪）

[He] saw a pantomime perform so well that he could follow the performance from the action alone.

1865, Edward Burnett Tylor, Researches into the Early History of Mankind and the Development of Civilization


recluse

源自古法語 reclus，reclure的过去分词，源自拉丁語 reclūdere，reclūdō (“公开，揭露；打开”)的现在主动不定式，源自re- + claudō (“关闭”)。

more recluse (comparative)
most recluse (superlative)

a recluse monk or hermit


regale

源自法語 régaler (“取悦于，款待”)，源自古法語 regale、rigale，源自gale (“欢乐”)，可能源自日耳曼語族（参见古法語 galer）。受到了古法語 se rigoler (“开心，愉悦”)的影响，其词源不详。对比中古高地德語 begalen (“迷住”)、英語 gale (“唱歌；使...陶醉”)。亦对比英語 gala。

The noise from the servants' hall was rendered more acutely painful by her headach; for her aunt, partly with a view of annoying her niece, whom she disliked—as we always dislike those we have used ill—had left orders for a general regale.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 IX, 出自 Romance and Reality. […], 卷 II, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC，頁號 136:


portly

portlier (comparative)
portliest (superlative)

英俊的，潇洒的 （自15世纪）

Portly his person was, and much increast
Through his Heroicke grace and honourable gest.

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book III, Canto II”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

Be studious well to imitate
My portly motion, mien, and gait

1728, Jonathan Swift, A Dialogue between Mad Mullinix and Timothy:


belie

源自中古英語 belyen、beleoȝen，源自古英語 belēogan (“欺骗”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *bileugan (“欺骗”)。等价于be- (“关于”) + lie (“欺骗”)。对比荷蘭語 beliegen (“说关于...的谎”)、德語 belügen (“欺骗，对...说谎”)。

slander

说关于...的谎 （自13世纪）

calumniate

说关于...的谎 （自13世纪）

misrepresent

歪曲，歪曲关于...的事实，错误代表

contradict

与...相反，与...矛盾；表明...是错误的 （自17世纪）

give lie to

与...相反，与...矛盾；表明...是错误的 （自17世纪）

give the lie to

与...相反，与...矛盾；表明...是错误的 （自17世纪）

指责...说谎 （自17世纪）

They haue belyed the Lord, and ſaid; It is not he, neither ſhall euill come vpon vs, neither ſhal we ſee ſwoꝛd noꝛ famine.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 5:12，列號 1:

Three belied you, three betrayed you! One you betrayed was three times true! Lord Voryn Dagoth, Dagoth Ur, steadfast liegeman, faithful friend, bids you come and climb Red Mountain!

2002 May 1, Bethesda Softworks, The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind, →OCLC，Microsoft Windows，幕：Ashlander Informant:


duodecillion

duo- + decillion；或來自拉丁語 duodecim (“十二”) + -illion。


averse

源自拉丁語 aversus，avertere (“背过身；避免”)的过去分词。

[…] and, in this panegyrick of the Teutonick blood, I have so prolixly insisted, not only to vindicate our own, as being a stream of the same, and to evince the nobility thereof, but withal to convince the folly of those wretches among us, who aversing ours do so much adhere unto, and dote upon descents from France and Normandy.

The inconveniences aversing from clandestine marriages are pointedly depicted in the last two lines, teaching lessons of morality to all romantic babies.

1859, The Yale Literary Magazine, 卷 24, 期 7，頁號 302:


die

源自中古英語 deyen，源自古英語 dīeġan和古諾爾斯語 deyja，两者均源自原始日耳曼語 *dawjan (“死”)。取代了古英語 sweltan，其派生出现代英语 swelt。

死 后接with，表示间接死因：

And there were some who died with fevers, which at some seasons of the year was very frequent in the land.

1830, Joseph Smith, The Book of Mormon, Richards, 出版於 1854，頁號 337:


Heimweh

For the long trail stretched before us, for we heard the call, / Left the hearthstone and the homeland, felt the rover's thrall; / Wandered to the far horizon, sought the joy of life— / Now the wanderlust is waning, heimweh now is rife.

1908年December12日, Harry Davids, Tom Springer, “Christmas Sorrows”, 出自 Alfred Holman 編, The Argonaut, 卷 LXIII, 期 1655, San Francisco, Calif.: Argonaut Publishing Company, →OCLC，頁號 397，列號 1:


abysmal

more abysmal (comparative)
most abysmal (superlative)

unending

深渊的，与深渊有关的，深不可测的 （首次可考于17世纪中叶）

profound

深渊的，与深渊有关的，深不可测的 （首次可考于17世纪中叶）

fathomless

深渊的，与深渊有关的，深不可测的 （首次可考于17世纪中叶）

immeasurable

深渊的，与深渊有关的，深不可测的 （首次可考于17世纪中叶）

深渊的，与深渊有关的，深不可测的 （首次可考于17世纪中叶）

（First attested in the early 19ᵗʰ century.）


working girl

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见working、girl。


smithereen

/smɪðəˈɹiːn/

/ˌsmɪðəˈɹin/


summer camp

summer camps
summer camping
summer camped


nota bene

源自古典拉丁語 notā bene (“好好留意”)。

/ˌnəʊtə ˈbɛneɪ/

對短語 nota bene 或其變體的使用。引申義：
本質上類似 nota bene 的注意、指示

對短語 nota bene 或其變體的使用。引申義：
需要得到注意的事物


Scot

源自古英語 Scottas (“愛爾蘭人”)，源自晚期拉丁語 Scotti。

轉變自姓氏的男性人名，Scott的變體。


cogitant

源自拉丁語 cōgitans，cōgitō (“想，思考”)的現在主動不定式。

more cogitant (comparative)
most cogitant (superlative)


suant

源自中古英語 suant，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 suant，源自古法語 suiant、sivant，sivre (“跟隨”) 的現在分詞，源自拉丁語 sequor。

more suant (comparative)
most suant (superlative)


suant

Peter and his wife did not get on very "suant" together.

彼得和他老婆的生活過得不是很“順利”。

1899, Sabine Baring-Gould, Book of the West，頁號 252:


old hat

不详。《牛津英语词典》认为与德語 alter Hut (名词, 字面意思是“旧帽子”)有关。

Upon which she very pertly reply'd, She had done that not with a Design to affront but to convince me of the Value she had for my Present; for that if the Pedantick Blockhead should come, he should only have a little bit of Old-Hat to stay his Stomach, till he got to some Harlot of his own Puritanical Flock […]

1723, Charles Walker, Memoirs of Sally Salisbury, letter XI:

'Tis a Nest, a Niche, an Old Hat, an Omnibus, an Oyster, a Palace o' Pleasure.


acker

不详，可能是eagre的变体。

The wide lovely lake lay in dreamy serenity, fretted with green undulations, ruffed with blue, patched with glades of lucid smoothness between the ackers ….

1969, Vladimir Nabokov, Ada or Ardor, Penguin 2011, p. 436:


survivant

more survivant (comparative)
most survivant (superlative)


trice

源自中古英語 trīce、tryys、tryyst，源自中古荷蘭語 trīse、trijs（现代荷蘭語 trijs (“滑轮，绞盘”)）或中古低地德語 trīsse、trītse (“起重用的绳子，索具”)；可能与[[#词源 1]]的动词trice和古英語 tryndel (“滚筒，滚轮”)（详见trend、trindle）有关。英语词与丹麥語 tridse、trisse (“滑轮”)、低地德語 trissel (“眩晕”)、德語 trieze (“吊车；滑轮”)、挪威語 triss (“滑轮”)、瑞典語 trissa (“滑轮”)同源。


lamentful

more lamentful (comparative)
most lamentful (superlative)


transluce

形態上似乎來自拉丁語 trānslūceō (“閃耀；半透明”)，但亦有可能逆構自 translucent（來自同一拉丁語動詞）。

半透明或透明，光能夠透過

holy are the doors that admit
holy are the rivets that bind
holy are the windows that transluce

2006, Alexander Levering Kern, Becoming Fire: Spiritual Writing from Rising Generations, Andover Newton Publications，頁號 5:

At the end of the dance, when “matter turned to spirit,” the two cliffs once again came together to form an arch but both rock structures were now lighted to transluce and transform into stained glass.

2007, Nicanor G. Tiongson, Salvador F. Bernal: Designing the Stage:

Cook the bacon in a pan, add the onion and cook until they start to transluce, then add the garlic and cook for another minute.

2018, Mattis Lundqvist, 25 Low-Carbohydrate Recipes for the Slow Cooker: Delicious low carb recipes for all slow cooker fans - part 1: Measurements in grams, BookRix, →ISBN:


crepuscule

Van watched them with the same pleasurable awe he had experienced as a child, when, lost in the purple crepuscule of an Italian hotel garden, in an alley of cypresses, he supposed they were golden ghouls or the passing fancies of the garden.

1969, Vladimir Nabokov, Ada or Ardor, Penguin, 出版於 2011，頁號 54:


bewile

源自中古英語 biwilen、biwiȝelien (“欺骗”)，源自古英語 *bewīlian、*bewiġlian。等价于be- + wile。beguile的同源對似詞。

He was utterly bewitched and bewiled by her beauty, and upon the following day an opportunity to prove his devotion occurred.

Whomever else I might bewile, I loved him well, sorry.

To that sweet thief which sourly robs from me, which though it alter not love's sole effect, yet doth it steal sweet hours from love's delight. I may not evermore acknowledge thee, lest my bewiled guilt should do thee shame.


analize

Cheating babe analized and boobs jizzed

2006年August14日, freepic...@hushmail.com, “Nice boobs hentai sex, Slave with ball gag gets waterbondage, Beautiful blonde babe gets rough double penetrated and cummed, Sexy blond babe takes hard ass fucking for the first time”, 出自 alt.sex.movies (Usenet):

Sweet teen analized hard doggystyle and facialized

2006年September27日, cha...@hushmail.com, “Hardcore indian sex, Brittney skye facial cum, Monica sweetheart enjoys slurping”, 出自 alt.sex.nfs (Usenet):