girl

源自中古英語 gerle、girle、gyrle (“任何性别的年轻人”)，之后的来源不详。可能是源自古英語 *gyrle、*gyrele，源自原始日耳曼語 *gurwilaz，原始日耳曼語 *gurwijaz的一个指小词形式（比较北弗里斯蘭語 gör (“女孩”)、低地德語 Gör、Göre (“任何性别的孩子”)、德語 Göre (“孩童”)、方言挪威語 gorre、方言瑞典語 garre、gurre (“小孩”)），源自原始印歐語 *ǵʰer- (“短的”)（对比古愛爾蘭語 gair (“短的”)、古希臘語 χρεώ (khreṓ, “需要”)、χρήσθαι (khrḗsthai, “需要”)、梵語 ह्रस्व (hrasva, “短的，小的”)）。

（尤指粉末状的）可卡因，古柯碱

She had taught me to snort girl, and almost always when I came to her pad, there would be thin sparkling rows of crystal cocaine on the glass top of the cocktail table.

1969, Iceberg Slim, Pimp: The Story of My Life, Cash Money Content (2011), ISBN 9781451617139, page 43:

Elijah nodded congenially to the early evening regulars in the Afro Lounge, headed straight for the telephone hung midway between the mens and womens, his nose smarting from a couple thick lines of recently snorted girl.

1977, Odie Hawkins, Chicago Hustle, Holloway House (1987), ISBN 0870673661, page 175:

After about an hour or two of half-ass sex and snorting girl, Honey was zoned out. :Template:… She flexed her still numb fingers, trying to find a warmth that didn't seem to come. Cocaine always made her numb.

2005, K'wan, Hoodlum, St. Martin's Press (2005), ISBN 0312333080, page 185:


dick

源自Dick，名字Richard的暱稱。最初意思是“普通人”、“凡夫俗子”，后来衍生出其他的含义。

That person is such a dick.

Last weekend I did dick.


dick

private dick, railroad dick

“I am a detective,” said Hercule Poirot with the modest air of one who says “I am a king.”

“Good God!” The young man seemed seriously taken aback. “Do you mean that girl actually totes about a dumb dick?”

1937 November 1, Agatha Christie, Death on the Nile:


debug

（美国，计算机科学义）音频

从...除虫，尤指除虱子

Mr. Moses started out his garden this year with only two toads. As they were differently marked, they soon became known as "Henry" and "Frank." Henry was strong in the pursuit of "ants." Every morning he is seen perched on his favorite hill "anting" for breakfast. Frank's occupation is that of debugging the roses and beating up the paths for miscellaneous insects.

1905 June 15, A. J. R., “With the Long Bow”, 出自 The Minneapolis Journal, Minneapolis, Minn., retrieved 2017-02-15，頁號 14:

You can debug yourself at home with various over-the- counter medications.

1999, Stephen E. Goldstone, The Ins and Outs of Gay Sex: A Medical Handbook for Men，頁號 59:

If you find nits, it's time for some serious debugging.

2011, Jay Heinrichs, Home Remedies from a Country Doctor:

Before we moved into our new quarters we, and our belongings, had to be deloused and debugged.

2013, Peter Jackson, Sacrifice, Captivity and Escape: The Remarkable Memoirs of a Japanese POW，頁號 165:


coast

源自中古英語 costeien (“在一个边界上移动；沿着...走；陪同；穿越，穿过；邻接于”) [以及其他形式]，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 [具體何詞?]、古法語 costoier (“靠在，与...邻接”) […]（现代法語 côtoyer (“划过，经过；擦肩”)），源自拉丁語 costicāre，源自拉丁語 costa (“肋骨；边”)，还见词源 1。


pig

源自中古英語 pigge (“小猪”)（原指小猪，年长猪是swyn），多半源自古英語 *picga（仅可考于picgbrēad (“猪饲料”)等复合词中），源自原始西日耳曼語 *piggō、*puggō (“小猪”)。对比中古荷蘭語 pogge、puggen、pigge、pegsken (“猪崽”)、中古低地德語 pugge、pûke (“猪崽”)。本词使用于体重快速增加的动物幼崽，所以其可能是源自动词“to big”，源自中古英語 biggen、byggen，源自古諾爾斯語 byggja、byggva (“建造”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *būwijaną (“建造”)，源自原始印歐語 *bʰuH- (“成为，成长为”)。Pokorny认为词根与*bū-、*bew- (“肿，胀”)有关，以解释“pig”和“big”之间的互换关系。
有时有人指出其与早期现代荷蘭語 bigge（现代big (“猪崽”)）、西弗里斯蘭語 bigge (“猪崽”)和中古低地德語的相似词有关，但是“发音难以解释”。一些文献指出这些词“多半无关”，其他人认为这一联系“有可能，但无法确定”。
指“警察”的俚语义至晚自1785年起可考。

条子，警察 （源自1785年前）

The protester shouted, “Don't give in to the pigs!” as he was arrested.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

There will be no pictures of pigs shooting down brothers on the instant replay

1971, Gil Scott-Heron （作曲作詞）, “The Revolution Will Not Be Televised”:

“...Sounds too easy,” Marvin was saying. “What about the pigs?”

1989, Dan Simmons, Carrion Comfort, page 359,

The bank robberies went on and each raid became more bloody, Meinhof encouraging her followers to “kill the pigs” offering the slightest resistance, referring to policemen.

1990, Jay Robert Nash, Encyclopedia of World Crime: Volume 1: A-C, page 198,

Backing 300 of the more aggressive protesters was a supporting cast of several thousand more who stared down the small line of police. Those in front resumed their taunts of “Pig, pig, fascist pig,” and “pigs eat shit, pigs eat shit.” The rest of the crowd, however, backed off and sat down on the grass when reinforcements arrived. Police did not retaliate for the name-calling, and within minutes the line of demonstrators broke apart and the incident was over without violence.¹¹³

2008, Frank Kusch, Battleground Chicago: The Police and the 1968 Democratic National Convention, page 63,

But me, I joined the party to fight the pigs. That′s why I joined. Because my experience with the police was always negative.

2011, T. J. English, The Savage City: Race, Murder and a Generation on the Edge, unnumbered page,

Got a mind for the undies

Unfortunately, the M60 is about twenty-four pounds and is very unbalanced. You try carrying the pig around the jungle and see how you feel.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


furnace

源自中古英語 forneys，源自古法語 fornais（法語 fournaise），源自拉丁語 fornāx。

同類詞： heater、space heater

HVAC services include furnace maintenance.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


baffle

不详。可能与法語 bafouer (“藐视”)或已弃用的法語 befer (“嘲笑”)有关，经由苏格兰语bauchle (“羞辱”)。


calendar

源自中古英語 kalender，源自古法語 calendier，源自拉丁語 calendarium (“账簿”)，源自kalendae (“一个月的第一天”)，源自calō (“严肃发表，召集”)，源自原始印歐語 *kelh₁-。


symphony

源自中古英語 symphonye，源自古法語 simphonie，源自拉丁語 symphonia，源自古希臘語 συμφωνία (sumphōnía)。可作sym- + -phony分析。sinfonia、symphonia、tsampouna, 和 zampogna的同源對似詞。


procession

源自中古英語 processioun，借自古法語 pourciession，源自拉丁語 prōcessiō (“行进，前进；（晚期拉丁语）宗教队伍”)，源自prōcēdere，prōcessus (“前行，前进”)的过去分词，详见proceed。

To procession the lands of such persons as desire it.

1856, Alexander Mansfield Burrill, A Law Dictionary and Glossary, PROCESSIONING:


xerox

来自Xerox (“複印機”)（原为商标），来自xerography，来自古希臘語 ξηρός (xērós, “干的”)和γραφή (graphḗ, “书写”)。

把那個影印本遞給我，好嗎？

複印機昨天壞了。


wait

源自中古英語 waiten，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 waiter、waitier（对比法語 guetter←古法語 gaitier、guaitier)，源自古法蘭克語 *wahtwēn (“看守，守卫”)，派生自古法蘭克語 *wahtu (“看守”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *wahtwō (“看守”)，源自原始印歐語 *weǵ- (“鲜，快乐”)。同源词有古高地德語 wahtēn (“看守，守卫”)、德國低地德語 wachten (“等”)、荷蘭語 wachten (“等”)、法語 guetter (“守候”)、薩特弗里斯蘭語 wachtje (“等”)、西弗里斯蘭語 wachtsje (“等”)、北弗里斯蘭語 wachtjen (“待命”)。详见watch。
很大程度上取代了本土词古英語 bīdan。

await

等待；期待 （现在多用wait for）

She used to wait in this joint.

她以前在这家店当服务员。


iceberg

借自荷蘭語 ijsberg（由ijs (“冰”) + berg (“山”)构成的复合词），源自中古荷蘭語 ijsberch。一开始指的是在船上从远处看到的冰川，后指的是这种冰川崩落下来的浮冰。与德語 Eisberg、丹麥語 isbjerg、挪威語 isberg和瑞典語 isberg同源。

冷漠的人 [自19世纪]


washout

wash out 的動詞派生詞。

washaway

冲刷造成的侵蚀；冲出来的水渠

冲刷造成的侵蚀；冲出来的水渠 洪水造成的铁路或路面缺口

同類詞： slipout

In a message to NR [National Rail] staff on August 14, Haines said: "It's not just Scotland impacted by extreme wet weather. This week we have seen, and will continue to see, heavy rain fall. This has caused washouts and landslips across the length and breadth of Great Britain."

2020 August 26, “Network News: [Grant] Shapps Orders Rapid Review of Flash Flood Resilience from NR”, 出自 Rail, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁號 9:


crud

源自中古英語 crud、crudde (“凝结的牛奶；污物；凝结的物质；糟粕”)，源自古英語 crūdan (“压”)。curd的同源對似詞。


commute

源自commutation ticket，即用于铁路，有轨电车等的，一次性支付能够使用一段时间的通行券。

I commute from Brooklyn to Manhattan by bicycle.

我在布鲁克林和曼哈顿之间用自行车通勤。


culminate

自1647年起可考，源自中世紀拉丁語 culminatus，culminare (“给...加冕”)的过去分词，源自拉丁語 culmen (“顶点”)，早期形式columen (“顶峰”)，源自原始意大利語 *kolamen，源自原始印歐語词根*kol-, *kelH- (“展现；顶”)，其亦派生出英語 hill和holm。

peak

登顶，达到顶峰 （可指物理上的顶峰，也可指比喻义）

Approaching from the south on foot, elements of the CG battalion were first to come into contact and their attack culminated because the rate and accuracy of the VC small arms fire. The CG battalions attempted two assaults to penetrate[…]

2014 August 15, Major Kevin R. Kilbride, Military Assistance Advisory Group-Vietnam (1954-1963): The Battle Of Ap Bac, Pickle Partners Publishing, →ISBN:

As a result, the attack culminated the first day without additional artillery support. The towns of Eclisfontaine and Epinonville were not held on the first day as originally directed in the Corps plan.

2014 August 15, Major Bryan L. Woodcock, 91st Infantry In World War I--Analysis Of An AEF Division's Efforts To Achieve Battlefield Success [Illustrated Edition], Pickle Partners Publishing, →ISBN，頁號 33:


dingus

可能有多个词源。部分借自荷蘭語 dinges (“玩意，东西”)、ding (“东西”)。考虑到其在南非的使用，可能也部分借自南非荷兰语。拼写dingus是调整了原词形，使其形似带有后缀-us的拉丁語单词。

"If anybody should come in, and catch you with your breeches, as it were, down on the floor, all you have to do is to drink the water, wrap the rubber dingus around you, and tell them to “lay on Macduff.”

1879, George Wilbur Peck, Peck's Fun, Being Extracts from the "La Crosse Sun," and "Peck's Sun," Milwaukee:

WLK. First radio station. On December 31, 1921, local engineer Francis F. Hamilton's radio station, 9ZJ, signed on with an address from Mayor Samuel (Lew) Shank。Broadcasting from Hamilton's garage at 2011 North Alabama Street, Shank made the city's first radio blooper: "Hamilton, do you mean to tell me that people can actually hear me over that damn' dingus?"

1921 December 31, “WLK”, 出自 The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis, Bloominton, Indianapolis, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 出版於 1994, →ISBN，頁號 1399，列號 2:

"He took the this-is-unheard-of-but-not-really-serious-of-course attitude of a street fakir whose mechanical dingus flops during a demonstration."

I wet the rod and measured the stuff into the top and by that time the water was steaming. I filled the lower half of the dingus and set it on the flame.

1953, Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye, Penguin 2010, p. 29:

‘Say, what’s that dingus you Britishers wear when you’re playing cricket?

1979, Kyril Bonfiglioli, After You with the Pistol, Penguin 2001, p. 241:

"Drill #40 the .094 [2.4 mm] holes in the dingus. Dimple the #40 holes.”

c. 2010, Van's Aircraft, RV-12 Plans, p. 5-30:

I just lost my keys again. Now I feel like a dingus.

我又把钥匙弄丢了，现在我觉得自己真蠢。


ways

a little ways out

“We still have a ways to go with patterns.”

2007, Aryn Kyle, The God of Animals, Simon and Schuster, ISBN 1416533249, page 41:


valedictorian

/vælədɪkˈtɔɹɪən/

dux

状元，毕业班中成绩最高者

（在毕业典礼上致告别辞的）毕业生代表

同類詞： salutatorian

Our oldest son was valedictorian of his high school class and went to a top university. But right about this time two years ago, our second son told us he wasn’t interested in college.

2020 July 2, Arthur C. Brooks, “A College Degree Is No Guarantee of a Good Life”, 出自 The Atlantic:

At first, it seemed a joyous occasion. There was an audible gasp in the room, then boisterous cheering and applause when the announcement was made: Ikeria Washington and Layla Temple had been named 2021 valedictorian and salutatorian for West Point High School.

2021 June 11, Stephanie Saul, “Two Black Students Won School Honors. Then Came the Calls for a Recount.”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:

状元，毕业班中成绩最高者


whack

不详，原为苏格兰英语。可能是拟声词，但对比中古英語 thakken ← 古英語 þaccian（其因与本词异文合并而派生出thwack）。

C'mon. Take a whack at it.

40 bucks a whack.

It's a whack!


cadet

借自法語 cadet，源自加斯科涅语 capdet，源自晚期拉丁語 capitellum (“小头”)。1634年起在英语内可考。
caddy、caudillo, 和 capitellum的同源對似詞。

招妓者 （让少女堕落诱其进入妓院的人）


wench

名词派生自中古英語 wench、wenche (“女婴；女孩（尤指未婚的）；少妇；女奴隶；女仆；亲爱的；妾；妓女”) [以及其他形式]，略自中古英語 wenchel (“女孩；女仆；小孩”)，源自古英語 wenċel、winċel (“小孩；侍者；奴隶”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *wankilą，源自原始日耳曼語 *wankijaną (“摇，曳”)。英语词与古高地德語 wenken (“摇曳；投降”)、wankōn (“踉跄”)同源。
动词和形容词派生自名词。

Nancy Basset, 28, likely wench, mulatto / Proved to be free. / Certified free as per General Birch Certificate. // Patience Jackson, 23, very likely wench, mulatto / Says she was born free Rhode Island. / Certified free as per General Birch Certificate.

1776–1787, Carmelita Robertson, Elizabeth E. D. Eve, Black Loyalists of Nova Scotia: Tracing the History of Tracadie Loyalists, 1776–87 (Curatorial Report; no. 91), Halifax, N.S.: History Section, Nova Scotia Museum, Department of Tourism & Culture, 出版於 2000, →ISBN:

A colored girl [...] was fined ten dollars in the Freedman's Court yesterday, for being drunk and disorderly. Not having the money in her possession, she requested that a guard be sent with her to her residence to procure it. The Provost allowed a guard to wait on the wench, who, as soon as she found herself inside of her own door, locked it, and left the poor guard outside without the money. He returned to court without either the wench or fine.

1866 March 2, “Sharp Wench”, 出自 The Appeal, St. Paul, Minneapolis, Minn.: Parker, Burgett & Hardy, →OCLC，頁號 3; quoted in Hannah Rosen, “Notes”, 出自 Terror in the Heart of Freedom: Citizenship, Sexual Violence, and the Meaning of Race in the Postemancipation South (Gender and American Culture), Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2009, →ISBN, footnote 186，頁號 282:

So complete was this illusion, claims [Eric] Lott, that many audience members, including Mark Twain's mother, believed they were seeing authentic, biologically black performers on New York stages. Of course, wench characters seem to especially test the bounds of authentic performance. Played by men, wenches were nonetheless read by audiences as beautiful women: [...] [E]xtant photographs and engravings of wench performers do not always represent them as blacked up, [...] In antebellum minstrel shows, wench songs were most often sung about mulatto women rather than by them.

2014, Kirsten Pullen, “Light Egyptian: Lena Horne and the Representation of Black Femininity”, 出自 Like a Natural Woman: Spectacular Female Performance in Classical Hollywood, New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, →ISBN，頁號s 106–107:


frolic

源自荷蘭語 vrolijk (“欢喜的”)，源自中古荷蘭語 vrolijc，源自古荷蘭語 frōlīk，源自原始日耳曼語 *frawalīkaz。对比德語 fröhlich (“开心的，快乐的”)。
前一个元素，最终源自原始日耳曼語 *frawaz并与中古英語 frow (“匆忙的”)同源；之后的元素，最终源自*-līkaz并与-ly、-like同源。

He came clattering up to the school door with an invitation to Ichabod to attend a merry-making or “quilting frolic,” to be held that evening at Mynheer Van Tassel’s

1820, Washington Irving, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow:


flunk

变换自funk，或可能是flinch + funk組成的混成詞。

He flunked math, again.

Unsatisfied with Fred's progress, the teacher flunked him.

老师不满意Fred的进展，给了他不及格。


gruel

源自中古英語 gruel、gruwel、greuel、growel (“用扁豆等制成的谷物粗粉”)，源自古法語 gruel (“谷物粗粉”→ 法語 gruau)，源自中世紀拉丁語 grutellum，中世紀拉丁語 grutum (“面粉；谷物粗粉”)的指小词，源自某日耳曼語族语言，多半是古英語 grūt (“面粉；谷物粗粉”)或可能是古法蘭克語 *grūt，两者均源自原始日耳曼語 *grūtiz (“砂砾”)。对比荷蘭語 gruit、中古低地德語 grūt、中古高地德語 grūz、德語 Grütze (“谷物”)。亦与英語 groats、grit有关。


gnarly

gnarl (“木结”) + -y。俚语义在20世纪70年代在美国冲浪文化的影响下普及开来。

gnarlier (comparative)
gnarliest (superlative)

a gnarly problem

When the swell struck, the North Shore got gnarly, and the wise ones hit the outer islands where the energy was just as juicy but a bit more organized.

Work that makes you unhappy is what I mean by "a gnarly problem." The trouble is, the market pays for solutions to gnarly problems, not solutions to easy problems. As the Yorkshire lads say, "Where there's muck, there's brass."

2008, [Avram] Joel Spolsky, More Joel on Software: Further Thoughts on Diverse and Occasionally Related Matters that will Prove of Interest to Software Developers, Designers, and Managers, and to Those who, whether by Good Fortune or Ill Luck, Work with Them in Some Capacity, Berkeley, Calif.: Apress, →ISBN，頁號 152:

差劲的，讨厌的，难看的 刺耳的，难听的

We're not talking about a lame chick and a gnarly guy. We're talking about a couple of far-out dudes.

1981, Dan Jenkins, Baja Oklahoma, New York, N.Y.: Atheneum Books, ISBN 978-0-689-11173-0; reprinted New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books, 1982, ISBN 978-0-671-45163-9, page 269:

Funky Kong: 'Those Snowmads are a gnarly bunch! I hear they're enjoyin' your island. Go get 'em, DK!'

2014 February, Retro Studios, Donkey Kong Country: Tropical Freeze, Nintendo，關卡/區域：Funky's Fly 'n' Buy:

[She] displays the same love of gnarly fuzztones and shout-it-out-loud choruses that began back in her daze^([sic]) with local all-girl rockers the Runaways.


hit-or-miss

质量不稳定的，时好时坏的，拿不准的，有可能成功有可能失败的


hell-bent

源自hell (“拼命，不顾一切，非常”) + bent (“固执的，执着的”)。

more hell-bent (comparative)
most hell-bent (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-hell-bent.wav

dead set#形容词

(原為美國，非正式，及物带 on) 执著的，顽固的，不顾一切的，拼命的

(原為美國，非正式，及物带 on) 执著的，顽固的，不顾一切的，拼命的

He was hell-bent on coming first, no matter what.

他无论如何总是执著于冲在最前面


handball

European handball, Olympic handball, team handball

American handball, Gaelic handball, Irish handball

一種各人用手交替將球排向牆的運動


homely

源自中古英語 homly、hoomly、hamely (“家庭的，熟悉的，平常的”)，源自古英語 *hāmlīc (“家的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *haimalīk (“家的”)，等价于home + -ly。同源词包括低地蘇格蘭語 hamely (“个人的，私人的”)、西弗里斯蘭語 heimelik、荷蘭語 heimelijk (“秘密的，暗中的”)、德語 heimlich (“秘密的，暗中的”)、丹麥語 hemmelig (“秘密的”)、瑞典語 hemlig (“秘密的，掩盖的”)、法羅語 heimligur (“像家的”)、冰島語 heimlegur (“家里的；平常的”)。

homelier (comparative)
more homely (comparative)
homeliest (superlative)
most homely (superlative)

"I can't send a young, pretty girl, or for that matter even a homely one if you'd have her, on a job like this without telling her what to expect."

1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, 出版於 1965，頁號 6:

You see, she sees herself as a starlet; I see her as a sturdy, healthy but decidedly homely kid.

1958, Vladimir Nabokov, 章號 15, 出自 Lolita:


guillotine

借自法語 guillotine，以法国医师Joseph-Ignace Guillotin（1738–1814）命名，其提出了使用该器械来执行死刑。

/ˌɡɪləˈtiːn/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-guillotine.wav


guillotine

借自法語 guillotiner (“用断头台处刑”)，源自guillotine（见词源1） + -er (构成一类变位动词不定式的后缀)。

/ˌɡɪləˈtiːn/


jaywalk

（违反行人交通规则）乱穿马路


hide

源自古英語 hȳd，源自日耳曼語族，源自原始西日耳曼語 *hūdi，源自原始日耳曼語 *hūdiz，源自原始印歐語 *kéw(H)tis (“皮，皮肤”)（对比拉丁語 cutis (“皮肤，皮”)），源自原始印歐語 *(s)kew(H)- (“盖”)，最终与上面的词源词根相同。还见sky。
参见西弗里斯蘭語 hûd、荷蘭語 huid、德語 Haut、威爾士語 cwd (“阴囊”)、拉丁語 cutis (“皮肤”)、立陶宛語 kutys (“钱包”)、古希臘語 κύτος (kútos, “浅容器”)、σκῦτος (skûtos, “掩盖”)。

人本身 （尤其在关乎其安全时使用）

to save his own hide

better watch his hide

同類詞： ass

The rotter who simpers that he sees no difference between the power of money and the power of the whip, ought to learn the difference on his own hide—as I think he will.

1957, Ayn Rand, Francisco d'Anconia's speech in Atlas Shrugged:


incarcerate

源自中世紀拉丁語 incarcerātus，incarcerō (“囚禁”)的过去分词，源自拉丁語 in- (“里，内”) + carcer (“牢房”)，即“放入牢房”。与cancel (“用线划掉”)和chancel (“格栅，栅栏后的地方”)有关。
还见carcerate和cancer。

/ɪnˈkɑː.səˌɹeɪt/

/ɪnˈkɑɹ.səˌɹeɪt/

（尤指因犯罪而）关押，监禁

Tolokonnikova has also been an effective public speaker even while incarcerated, but she has spoken out on politics and freedom in general rather than prisoners’ rights.

2013 September 23, Masha Gessen, “Life in a Russian Prison”, 出自 New York Times, retrieved 2013-09-24:


lambaste

1637年首次可考。可能是lam (“打”) + baste (“打”)构成的复合词。


landlocked

An easement of necessity, said the court, may be provided when property is landlocked and the owner needs access to that property from a public highway.

2005, Washington Legislative Reference Bureau, State of Wisconsin Blue Book, 2005-2006，頁號 610:

In some states, the law allows for easements by necessity, especially in circumstances where a property is landlocked.

2005, Thomas J. McEvoy, Owning and Managing Forests: A Guide to Legal, Financial, and Practical Matters，頁號 49:

For example, if a property is landlocked (entirely surrounded by other privately owned land) and has no access to a public street...

2006, Real Estate Principles, Rockwell publishing，頁號 114:


klutz

源自意第緒語 קלאָץ (klots, 字面意思是“木梁”)，与德語 Klotz (“块”)同源。

Well, that's all right, then, Brian. Sit down. Have a scone. Make yourself at home. You klutz!

1979, Monty Python's Life of Brian, 角色 Reg（John Cleese）:

"Out of [one abortion doctor's] first six months of work, there are nine malpractice suits ... After it was apparent the guy was a klutz, they kept using him, and trying to cover for him, because they couldn't find another provider."

1990 June 3, Dr. Robert Crist, abortion doctor（被引）, St. Petersburg Times:

"Mel, back home we'd call you a klutz." / Melissa: "Use a lot of Yiddish back in Texas, do you?"

2003, Greg Rucka, Ultimate Daredevil and Elektra:


jibe

不详，可能与chime (“使...合唱”)有关。

That explanation doesn’t jibe with the facts.

[T]here is something wrong with your figures. They do not jibe with experience. They do not jibe with prices. They do not jibe with what we know.

1926 May 13, Henry H. Glassie (witness), “Statement of Henry H. Glassie, Member of United States Tariff Commission”, 出自 Investigation of the Tariff Commission: Hearings before the Select Committee on Investigation of the Tariff Commission, United States Senate, Sixty-ninth Congress, First Session […] Part 1 […], Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC，頁號 529:

This did not jibe with the objectivist view that metaphor is of only peripheral interest in an account of meaning and truth and that it plays at best a marginal role in understanding.

1980, George Lakoff, Mark Johnson, 章號 27, 出自 Metaphors We Live By:


vampire

源自法語 vampire，源自德語 Vampir，经由匈牙利语源自某斯拉夫語族单词，可能是塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 вампир (vàmpīr)，其为不可考词*upir的一个理论变体，源自原始斯拉夫語 *ǫpyrь，对比参考俄語 упы́рь (upýrʹ)、波蘭語 upiór、波蘭語 wąpierz等。oupire的同源對似詞。

nosferatu

吸血鬼 （自1732年）

lamia

吸血鬼 （自1732年）

cadaver sanguine

吸血鬼 （自1732年）

vampire bat

吸血蝙蝠 （自18世纪晚期）

处理病人血液的医疗工作者

Only one technician in the hospital lab, in all we have encountered, uses it. […] Eric makes no complaints other than those directed at the vampires. Brenda and I do.

"I draw blood from patients, and then I take it back to the lab and analyze it. Sometimes, the vampires do all the sticks, that is to say the lab assistants do all the blood collections." He grinned. "We have our own language at the lab."

2000, Tracie Peterson, Colorado Wings (page 373)


meek

源自中古英語 meek、meke、meoc，其词源不详，可能与古英語 smēag (“微妙的，等等”)和smūgan有关并可能借自古諾爾斯語 mjúkr (“软的，柔和的”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *meukaz、*mūkaz (“软的，柔软的”)，源自原始印歐語 *mewg-、*mewk- (“滑”)。
同源词包括瑞典語和新挪威語 mjuk (“软的”)、書面挪威語 myk (“软的”)、丹麥語 myg (“柔软的”)、荷蘭語 muik (“软的，过熟的”)，方言德語 mauch (“干枯的，腐烂的”)、Mauche。亦对比威爾士語 mwyth (“软的，弱的”)、拉丁語 ēmungō (“擤鼻子”)、吐火羅語A muk- (“放弃”)、立陶宛語 mùkti (“从...滑走”)、教會斯拉夫語 мъчати (mŭčati, “追逐”)、古希臘語 μύσσομαι (mússomai, “擤鼻子”)、梵語 मुञ्चति (muñcati, “释放”)。


nigger

可能直接源自法語 nègre或西班牙語和葡萄牙語 negro (“非洲黑人”)，最终源自拉丁語 niger (“黑色的”)。比较丹麥語 nigger、瑞典語 nigger、德語 Nigger、荷蘭語 nikker。negro和noir的同源對似詞。

blackie, nigga, coon, darkie, gator bait, groid, jigaboo, jungle bunny, kaffir, macaca, nig-nog, porch monkey, sambo, shitskin, spade, spearchucker, spook, tar baby, wog

（一些密西西比河船只上的）蒸汽起锚机

Well, it's a big heavy line, and you operate the nigger — capstan it's also called — by steam. You wrap your line around that and keep taking in the slack, and that draws up them things.


parking lot

Should we park in that parking lot, or in the garage up the street?

我们要停在停车场里，还是那条街下去的那个车库里？

They paved paradise and put up a parking lot.

1970, Joni Mitchell （作曲作詞）, “Big Yellow Taxi”:

The 101 was a parking lot again today.

101道上今天又堵成停车场了。


pantyhose

pantie hose, pantie-hose, pantihose, panty hose, panty-hose


recluse

源自古法語 reclus，reclure的过去分词，源自拉丁語 reclūdere，reclūdō (“公开，揭露；打开”)的现在主动不定式，源自re- + claudō (“关闭”)。


banger

源自bang + -er。香肠这么称呼的原因是因为它们水很多，但表皮不透水，因此如果在烹饪前不戳破的话很容易爆炸。

He drives a little four-banger to work.

他开一辆四汽缸的小车去上班。


righteous

源自早期形式rightuous、rightwose、rightwos、rightwise，源自中古英語 rightwise、rightwis，源自古英語 rihtwīs (“正直的，正义的”)，对应于right + -wise（第二个词素的发音被同化成了-ous），又或者right + wise (“方式”)。同源词包括低地蘇格蘭語 richtwis (“正直的”)、古高地德語 rehtwīsic (“正直的，正义的”)、冰島語 réttvíss (“正直的，正义的”)。亦对比thefteous、mighteous。

more righteous (comparative)
most righteous (superlative)

The sportos, the motorheads, geeks, sluts, bloods, wastoids, dweebies, dickheads - they all adore him. They think he's a righteous dude.

1986, John Hughes, Ferris Bueller's Day Off (Motion Picture), 角色 Grace Wheelberg（Edie McClurg）:

He sold me a bulging paper sack full of Cambodian Red for two dolla' MPC. A strange experience, copping from a kid, but it was righteous weed.

1995, Norman L. Russell, Doug Grad, Suicide Charlie: A Vietnam War Story，頁號 191:

Tonight the kids will go out and party down in a more righteous mode. Alcohol and not a few tabs of X will be ingested. Club music will throb through big speakers.

2008, Stephen King, Graduation Afternoon:

He found Richard in one piece near a large circular container, thankfully, staring at a righteous mess of blood and gore.

2021, G. S. Jennsen, Amaranthe V: Riven:


blazer

源自blaze + -er。原指剑桥大学圣约翰学院一个赛艇俱乐部Lady Margaret Boat Club会员所穿的“炫目的”（blazing）猩红色夹克。对比古英語 blæsere、blasere (“炉膛，易燃物”, 字面意思是“燃烧物”)。


rambunctious

more rambunctious (comparative)
most rambunctious (superlative)

hyphy

活泼的，闹腾的，吵闹的；难以控制的

robustious

活泼的，闹腾的，吵闹的；难以控制的

rumbustious

活泼的，闹腾的，吵闹的；难以控制的

shandy

活泼的，闹腾的，吵闹的；难以控制的

unruly

活泼的，闹腾的，吵闹的；难以控制的

wild

活泼的，闹腾的，吵闹的；难以控制的

活泼的，闹腾的，吵闹的；难以控制的

The kids are being especially rambunctious today.

"Bad cess may attend you, where are you scampering to, you rambunctious"—but she could go no farther; the tears burst from her, and she gave way, without farther resistance, to an explosion of grief.

1852 November, O’Hara Family, “Clough Fionn; or, The Stone of Destiny”, 出自 The Dublin University Magazine, a Literary and Political Journal, 卷 XL, 號 CCXXXIX, Dublin: James McGlashan, […]; London: W[illia]m S[omerville] Orr and Company, →OCLC, chapter XI，頁號 557，列號 1:

"Not as you knows on, you rambunctious wool grower," said the indignant Yankee.

1856 October, “About These Books”, 出自 J. Clement 編, The Western Literary Messenger […], 卷 XXVII, 期 II, Buffalo, N.Y.: Thomas & Lathrops, […], →OCLC，頁號 64，列號 1:

There was close by me a window, and, noiselessly as possible, I slid back a small piece, thereby rousing the light-sleeping mistress of the canary, who sharply requested it be closed again; [...] the other lady smiled despairingly, and signed me to obey, which I reluctantly did by closing the glass; but the shutter proved rumbunctious, and for no effort of mine would again move out of his groove; [...]

1862 January, “A Canal-boat Sketch”, 出自 Duffy’s Hibernian Magazine. […], 卷 I (New Series), 期 1, Dublin, London: James Duffy, […], →OCLC，頁號 92:

"I guess the governor'd be rambunxious, as usual, if I was to ask his permission," the dutiful son remarked; "but he's going away for a few days next week, and mother won't hinder me, I know."

1873 March, W[illia]m S. Walsh, “How We Watched the Grapes”, 出自 Our Young Folks. An Illustrated Magazine for Boys and Girls, 卷 IX, 期 III, Boston, Mass.: James R[ipley] Osgood and Company, […], →OCLC，頁號 181:

It may sometimes appear that Canada is composed of nine complacent, cohesive English-speaking provinces and rambunctious Quebec. In fact, it is composed of ten provinces, each different and all occasionally rambunctious.

1979, “The Art of Government is the Art of Adjustment”, 出自 Canada Today = Canada d’aujourd’hui, 卷 10, 期 4, Washington, D.C.: Canadian Embassy, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁號 2:

Eventually the two rambunctious wolves decided to race back towards the carcass, no doubt forgetting I was still there.

1990 March, L[ucyan] David Mech, “Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?”, 出自 Audubon, New York, N.Y.: National Audubon Society, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁號 82，列號 2; reprinted in “Appendix 15. Article—Wolf Attacks on Humans”, 出自 The Reintroduction of Gray Wolves to Yellowstone National Park and Central Idaho: Final Environmental Impact Statement, Helena, Mont.: Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, May 1994, →OCLC，頁號s 6-100:

Mrs. Tinkle, your son’s rambunctious behavior is quite common in children with unusually high intelligence levels.

2002 May 1, Jeffrey J. Rowland, Wigu Adventures，於2009-01-06歸檔自原頁面:

She was placid, stately and Juno-esque, soft-toned in her trance utterances, but she could become powerful in her office, an imposing presence. Sometimes a rumbunctious, chaffing persona emerged and was a little over the top for genteel spinsters to tolerate.

2015, Molly Whittington-Egan, “Preface: Into the Cabinet”, 出自 Mrs Guppy Takes a Flight: A Scandal of Victorian Spiritualism, [Castle Douglas, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland]: Neil Wilson Publishing, →ISBN，頁號 x:

She does the same thing as any parent worth their salt, and gets rambunctious youngsters engaged in daily drudgeries by refashioning the quotidian as adventure.

2018 December 12, Charles Bramesco, “A Spoonful of Nostalgia Helps the Calculated Mary Poppins Returns Go Down”, 出自 The A.V. Club，於2019-05-24歸檔自原頁面:


boggle

变化或派生自bogle，可能与bug同源。

使...无从下手；含糊其辞；出错，出糗


billion

At the last assessment it [the national debt] amounts to seven billion pounds (£7,000,000,000).

1921 January 24, “National Finances”, 出自 Devon and Exeter Gazette，頁號 5:

In America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year. Yet of those who received unsolicited adverts through the post, only 3% bought anything as a result.

2013 May 25, “No hiding place”, 出自 The Economist, 卷 407, 期 8837，頁號 74:

However, despite the prospect of HS2 being curtailed and the revelation that the programme is late and billions over budget, for now, at least, work on the scheme appears to be business as usual

2019 October, Dan Harvey, “HS2 costs rise as schedule slips”, 出自 Modern Railways，頁號 9:

The ChatGPT service which serves as Web front-end to GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 was the fastest-growing service in history to break the 100 million user milestone in January and had 1 billion visits by February 2023.

2023 October 30, Herbold et al., “A large-scale comparison of human-written versus ChatGPT-generated essays” (18617), 出自 Scientific Reports, 卷 13，頁號 1:


bogus

首个可考书面记载中是一个指假硬币制造机的黑话，后还指这些假硬币。之后其演变为指代劣质物品。最新的词义“没用的”可能派生自计算机黑客俚语。
其词源不详，但目前有两个理论：
* 源自豪薩語 boko (“伪造”)。bogus最初出现于美国，因此可能由奴隶运输船中传播来。
* 为tantrabogus的犯罪黑话缩略形式，该词在19世纪是一个指代危险物品的俚语用词；这一理论让一些人联想到bogy或bogey（见bogeyman）。在这个意义上，本词可能与bogle有关，其指的是苏格兰边境的一种在人家中做恶作剧（但不会给人财产损失）的骗子。

（一种朗姆和糖蜜混合的）烈酒

BOGUS. A liquor made of rum and molasses.

1848, John Russell Bartlett, Dictionary of Americanisms: A glossary of words and phrases, usually regarded as peculiar to the United States:

"Calibogus," or "bogus" was cold rum and beer unsweetened.

1919, Harvey Washington Wiley, Beverages and Their Adulteration: Origin, Composition, Manufacture, Natural, Artificial, Fermented, Distilled, Alkaloidal and Fruit Juices:

The American colonists drank rum straight, spiced, or mixed. They combined it with a list of ingredients: rum mixed with hard cider was called stonewall; rum and beer made bogus; rum and molasses made blackstrap.

2014, J. Anne Funderburg, Bootleggers and Beer Barons of the Prohibition Era，頁號 311:

“Ahem—it is the opinion of the court that the prisoner has been making bogus; so we must put him in the jug until Superior Court.[…]”

1841 December 8, “Western Court Eloquence”, 出自 Carlisle Weekly Herald，頁號 2:

There is not a merchant in this city but knows this fact, and also that there has been a large quantity of bogus in circulation.

1846, Joseph H. Jackson, The Adventures and Experience of Joseph H. Jackson: Disclosing the Depths of Mormon Villainy Practiced in Nauvoo，頁號 15:

This being agreed to, they hand the soldier the same number of dollars they received from him—but all counterfeit. This new way of passing bogus they have practised to a considerable extent […]

1848 January 26, C. C., “[Letter]”, 出自 The Washington Union, 出版於 1848 February 28，頁號 3:

Edward Bonney, a bounty hunter who passed bogus on occasion, claimed to have been working to break up yet another gang operating on the Mississippi with a base at Nauvoo.

1994, John L. Brooke, The Refiner’s Fire: The Making of Mormon Cosmology, 1644–1844, →ISBN，頁號s 269–70:


preceptor

源自中古英語 preceptor、preceptur，源自拉丁語 praeceptor (“命令者；指示者”)，源自动词praecipiō + -or (施动者名词后缀)，源自prae- (“预先”) + capiō (“拿，得到，吸收；理解”)。

（训练学生或护士的）医师 （自19世纪）

同類詞： orientee


EMS

emergency medical service：向公众提供紧急医疗服务的组织，通常为政府的一部分。


put out

Don't them laundry queens put out good enough to suit you?

Christ, maybe that blond was only a bitch after all. Maybe she put out even to the punks. Come to think of it, she looked a little hard-boiled.

1934, James T. Farrell, 章號 17, 出自 The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan:

Aarfy […] tried to dissuade them from ever putting out for anyone but their husbands.

1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC:

If she won't put out the men will accuse her of being bourgeois and uptight.

1975, David Lodge, Changing Places: A Tale of Two Campuses，頁號 232:

I can't afford to waste a Saturday night here with some married bird who isn't putting out.

2003, Elizabeth M. Noble, Reading Group，頁號 205:

This Grosso dated this woman a couple of times, and then, when she wouldn't put out for him, he beat her up and forced her.

2005, William Heffernan, A Time Gone By:


duodecillion

duo- + decillion；或來自拉丁語 duodecim (“十二”) + -illion。


sideways

We realized the project could go sideways very quickly if we didn't get the sales and marketing people on our side.

我们意识到，如果不拉拢好市场营销那边的人，项目很快就会泡汤。

As we walked deeper into the darkness, we both knew this could go sideways in a heartbeat. We were sitting ducks. Birds on a wire. Canaries in a coalmine.

2011, D. P. Lyle, 章號 78, 出自 Hot Lights, Cold Steel, →ISBN，頁號 340:

It feels like the probability of something going sideways here is higher.

2023 May 20, Tabby Kinder, George Hammond, 引 Ivan Matkovic, “So long, San Francisco”, 出自 FT Weekend, Life & Arts，頁號 1:


rain check

（比赛、演出等因雨取消时）可延期使用的票


rain check

take a rain check (on something)　（婉辞邀请）下次吧，以后再说


Benjamin

源自晚期拉丁語 Benjamin，源自古希臘語 Βενιαμίν (Beniamín)，源自聖經希伯來語 בִּנְיָמִין (binyamīn, 字面意思是“右/南方之子或日之子”)。各个机构对于希伯来语的原意众说纷纭。斐洛、《撒马利亚五经》、《十二族长遗训》以及Midrash Leḳaḥ-Ṭob 认为 יָמִין 说的是“日”（日子）（出现于但以理书 12:13），使得名字的意思为“日之子”（即年老之子），创世纪 40:22中的一段Benjamin描述为雅各老年的一个儿子。Rashi在创世纪的评注中认为上述是可能的解释，但认为יָמִין 指代的是“右”即“南方”，说Benjamin为雅各在南方唯一的儿子。Jerome认为名字的意思为“右手之子”，而Gesenius推测这个表达意为“好运之子”。


jefe

借自西班牙語 jefe (“领导人，老板”)，源自古法語 chief，源自拉丁語 caput。chief、chef、caput, 和 head的同源對似詞。

长官，头子 （有政治影响力的官员，包括警长等，常指拉丁裔或墨西哥裔）

Antonio Rivera Cabezas was chosen vice-jefe in March 1830.

1887, Hubert Howe Bancroft, History of Central America, History Company，頁號 153:

before he stepped forward uttering the stereotyped greeting, the Texan had put him down as the jefe or head man....

1898, Southern Pacific Company Passenger Department, Sunset, Sunset Magazines Inc. (1912), pages 313-314

Hilario Saño, a suspect, resident here but much doubted by the jefe local, was put to the test

1900, United States War Department, Annual Reports of the War Department, U.S. Government Printing Office:

“They ain’t going to deliver the cattle across.... They’ve taken too much of a beating as it is. They’ve lost their big jefe and lots of men.”

1982 January, George Durham, Taming the Nueces Strip: The Story of McNelly's Rangers, University of Texas Press，頁號 120:

When they were slacking off in the mine, for example, and a jefe arrived unexpectedly, they shouted loro (parrot) or fuego (fire) as warning signals.

1998 June, Thomas Miller Klubock, Contested communities: Class, Gender, and Politics in Chile's El Teniente Copper Mine, 1904-1948, Duke University Press，頁號 147:

A jefe in this sense is a mentor, a person who is often a compadre of the migrant.... In any case, a jefe is not a loan shark

2004 December, Jeffrey Harris Cohen, The Culture of Migration in Southern Mexico, University of Texas Press:

A jefe in this sense refers to a true boss, the leader of the household, also known as Jose Rico.

2005 May, Monica Rico, EMails that Go Nowhere, Google Mail.


rincón

（山坡南面的）草地，牧场

（山河，悬崖等的）小弯道


scram

可能是：
* scramble 的截斷形式，带尾音脱落，或
* 源自方言德語 schramm，schrammen (“抓，挠”)的单数命令式，源自中古高地德語 schramm、schramme (“擦，划”)，之后词源不详。

匆忙离开；滚开 （自20世纪初叶）

What are you kids doing on my lawn? Scram!

你们这帮小孩在我家草地上干嘛？走开走开！

Maybe when he found that Chet's jalopy was gone, he felt he'd better scram, and forgot the coat and hat.

1927, Franklin W. Dixon [pseudonym; Leslie McFarlane], “Rival Detectives”, 出自 The Tower Treasure (The Hardy Boys; 1), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, 出版於 1987 (2006 printing), →ISBN:

The boy who was playing glowered at the intruder and growled. "Well, scram Kibitzer; scram."

1935, Harry Carr, “So This is Los Angeles”, 出自 Los Angeles, City of Dreams, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton-Century Company, →OCLC，頁號 241:

"Come on!" barked Harry. "Scram!"

1935 February 23, J. Lane Linklater, “The Signal: A Short Short Story”, 出自 Fulton Oursler 編, Liberty, 卷 12, 期 8, New York, N.Y.: Liberty Publishing, →OCLC，頁號 35，列號 2:

Jus' go on like we was gonna buck barley the rest of our lives, then all of a sudden some day we'll go get our pay an' scram outta here.

1937, John Steinbeck, Of Mice and Men, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books, 出版於 1994, →ISBN:

"You scram out of here!" she admonished me fiercely. "Get out, or I'll scream so loud I'll wake the whole house up! You—you Peeping Tom!"

1943, Hans Natonek, “The Affair of the Semi-private Bathroom”, 出自 Barthold Fles（譯者）, 編者Sugden Tilley, In Search of Myself, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, part 2 (The Year before the Decision)，頁號 89:

One day he packs in here with a new convertible, tells me he's moving out and scrams. Never give me a dime.

1950, Mickey Spillane, My Gun is Quick, New York, N.Y.: Signet, New American Library, 出版於 2014, →ISBN:

George was going to Haiti and he knew Lee would feel that the one man whgo took an interest in him was scramming out the door.

1988, Don DeLillo, Libra, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books, 出版於 2006, →ISBN:

[T]wo vampires had picked up the guy who needed a new face, and they scrammed.

2005 July, MaryJanice Davidson, 章號 28, 出自 Undead and Unappreciated (Berkley Sensation), mass-market版, New York, N.Y.: Berkley Books, 出版於 December 2005, →ISBN，頁號 225:


scram

动词是英语方言词scramb (“用手拉起；从地上抓起；用指甲、爪子挠；猛地拉下；撕开；撕咬；从地上捡起的一抓东西”)的一个变体，可能与荷蘭語 schrammen (“擦，划”)和德語 schrammen (“抓”)有关，参见词源 1。
名词派生自动词。

（在已经开发过的矿道中）采零碎的矿石

Just west of this pit is another one, which has been nearly worked out; but three men are scramming about five tons per day in it.

1880, “Marquette Iron District”, 出自 Annual Report of the Commissioner of Mineral Statistics of the State of Michigan, for 1879, Lansing, Mich.: W. S. George & Co., […], →OCLC，頁號 167:

Recently, Capt. Oliver, [...] set a couple of experienced miners to work scramming in this underground pit, when it was soon discovered that what the former mining captain had conceived to be a regular foot-wall, was, in fact, a thin shale of rock, which hid from view what now appears to be a very large body of clean blue ore.

1882, A. P. Swineford, “The Cyclops Mine”, 出自 Annual Review of the Iron Mining and Other Industries of the Upper Peninsula for the Year Ending Dec. 31, 1881, [Marquette, Mich.]: Mining Journal, →OCLC，頁號 141:


scram

（已经开发过但现在仍小规模开采的）矿道，矿井

[page 64] Many of these old openings still afford places where ore is mined. A man can start in almost anywhere and fine ore. There is a great deal of this "scramming" done at the Jackson. Quite a proportion of the annual product comes in this way. Not unfrequently one of these "scrams" leads to the finding of a large deposit of ore. [...] [page 67] South from the east part of the Incline pit they have a scram of good ore which furnished a small product.

1887, Cha[rle]s D. Lawton, “The Jackson Iron Co.”; “The Cleveland Mining Co.”, 出自 Mines and Mineral Statistics, Lansing, Mich.: Thorp & Godfrey, […], →OCLC，頁號s 64 and 67:

There are numbered workings running to about 20, representing small pits and scrams, sometimes worked by contract by "scrammers."

1891, N[ewton] H[orace] Winchell, H[orace] V[aughn] Winchell, “The Chandler Mine”, 出自 The Iron Ores of Minnesota, […] (Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota Bulletin; no. 6), Minneapolis, Minn.: Harrison & Smith, […], →OCLC, part II (Methods of Exploration and Mining, and Descriptions of the Various Mines)，頁號 196:


telly

I'm staying at the telly this weekend.

（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


lollygag

Lovemaking and lollygagging are hereby strictly forbidden. […] The holding of hands, osculation and constant embracing of WAVES, corpsmen or civilians and sailors or any combination of male and female personnel is a violation of naval discipline. […]
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1946, Captain C. F. Behrens, MC, USN, quoted in Time Magazine, volume 47, part 1, page 74, 1946:


lollygag

He likes to do his car up with blacked-out windows, and all that lollygag.

他就喜欢给他的车整什么全黑车窗之类的乱七八糟的东西。


pendejo

借自西班牙語 pendejo。


little old

微小的，微不足道的，不大的，无所谓的；无害的

How about a little old game of pool?

You brought the best little old news you'll ever tote. Secretario, if you never promulgate worse news than that, you'll boost your circulation a thousand a day.

1909, Rowland Thomas, The Little Gods, p. 280:

They found afterward to their regret that he was the finest little old poker player that ever struck the village and he carried away a suitcase of yellow-backed bills.

1915, Roy K. Moulton, "On the Spur of the Moment: Appearances", in The Day (New London), 14 August 1915, p. 9:

[Pogo:] I'm takin' care of this li'l' ol' backward child.

1949, Walt Kelly, Pogo (comic strip), 16 May 1949:

We Texans have always bragged about having the best little old this and the best little old that.

1976, Richard West, "The Best of Texas", in Texas Monthly, Vol. 4, No. 7, p. 103:

Well, you nice people, I'm going to let you in on a secret and show you why this kitchen knife is the best little ole product you can get.

1992, Henry I. Christ, Building Power in Reading, p. 131:

Christine Roberts Presley: Elvis was the best little ol' thing. He was so polite.

1995, Rose Clayton (ed.), Elvis Up Close: In the Words of Those Who Knew Him Best, p. 13:

While still marveling over the magnificent overtime victory his team had over St. John's Sunday, Duke Coach Mike Krzyzewski turned immediately to worrying about what was ahead. […] Duke plays a little old game against North Carolina tonight.

1999, New York Times, "College Basketball: Men's Roundup; Jarvis Keeps His Focus on Tough Road Ahead":

Last time I seen you, you was a little old girl / I had a crush now we grown and we still so thorough

2010, J. Cole, Friday Night Lights (mixtape), "You Got It" lyrics:


dance with the one that brought you

對一直支持你、關注你或幫助你的人要體貼和忠誠。字面意思為“與帶你來的人共舞”。

"I have had people say, ‘Oh, the landscaping business is doing OK. So, you're going to get out of tobacco farming.’ No! I would like to see my landscaping business grow. But, without the cash flow from the farm, I would not have been able to start the landscaping operation," the Bunn, N.C., farmer stresses. "As they say, you dance with the one that brought you."
#*:: “有人對我說，‘哦，景觀設計業務做得不錯。所以，你要退出煙草種植業了。’不! 我希望看到我的景觀設計業務增長。但是，如果沒有農場的現金流，我就無法開始景觀設計業務，”這位北卡羅來納州布恩鎮的農民強調說。 “正如他們所說，你要與帶你來的人共舞。”

1986, Cooperative Farmer, Vols 42-43, p. 77. (Google snippet view):

Sometimes you have to dance with the one that brought you. And, ever since he won a crucial Game Four in Cleveland on 16 days rest in the 1998 ALCS, Torre has trusted Hernandez more than any of his starters.
#*:: 有時你必須與帶你來的人共舞。而且，自從他在1998年美國東部決賽中休息16天在克利夫蘭贏得一場關鍵的第四場比賽后，托雷對埃爾南德斯的信任超過了他的任何一個先發球員。

2000-10-18, Thomas Boswell, "Unlike the Boss, Torre Recognizes the Right Stuff," Washington Post:

Obama’s approval ratings have fallen below 40 percent. “Dance with the one that brought you,” the saying goes, but when you are a Senate Democrat stuck with the wrong prom date, there’s only one thing to do: hide in the bathroom.
#*:: 歐巴馬的支持率已經降到了40%以下。俗話說：“與帶你來的人共舞”，但如果你是一個參議院民主黨人，在舞會上被錯誤的舞伴纏住時，只有一件事可以做：躲進廁所。

2014-02-17, John E. Sununu, "Keeping Obama at arm’s length," Boston Globe:

I mention this Canadian Conservative Prime Minister because he coined the political adage ‘you dance with the one that brought you’. In less colourful terms Mulroney meant that a Prime Minister should ‘never, ever ignore his party’s base’.
#*:: 我提到這位加拿大保守黨總理，是因為他創造了這句政治諺語：“你要與帶來你的人共舞”。用不太花哨的語言來說，馬爾羅尼的意思是，一個總理應該 “永遠、永遠不要忽視他所在政黨的基礎”。

2016-04-30, James Allan, "Leaving the dance with the one who brought you," Spectator (UK):


deadass

可能是dead + -ass的组合（对比“a stupid-ass town”），dead的一个粗俗强调形式。

a deadass town


rabbit's foot

幸运兔脚 （一种被认为带来好运的护身符）

A rabbit's foot may bring good luck to you, but it brought none to the rabbit.

1912, Ambrose Bierce, "Epigrams of a Cynic," in A Cynic Looks at Life:


chew out

His dad chewed him out after seeing his poor grades.

他爸看到他那可怜的成绩之后把他骂了一顿。


get one's ass handed to one

gets one's ass handed to one
getting one's ass handed to one
got one's ass handed to one
gotten one's ass handed to one

被打[败]得落花流水，被打得满地找牙


shoestring

Your shoestring is untied.


winters

They ski winters in the Laurentians.

他們冬季在洛朗蒂德山脈滑雪。


haul ass

趕緊，趕快移動（尤指離開）

It's the cops! Haul ass!

trucks hauling ass on the interstate, trying to make up time

卡車在州際公路上飛馳，試圖彌補浪費掉的時間


slaw

（1861年左右） 借自荷蘭語 sla，salade (“色拉；萵苣”)的縮略。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-slaw.wav

Barbecue is always served with slaw in North Carolina and always has been.

在北卡州，燒烤一直都會配上涼拌捲心菜。

1996, Jerry Bledsoe,, 編者Lee Harrison Child, Slaw Crazy, Close to Home: Revelations and Reminiscences by North Carolina Authors，頁號 66:

Slaws go well with grilled lean protein items and sandwiches.

涼拌捲心菜跟烤瘦肉和三明治很配。

2010, Judy Doherty, Salad Secrets: 100 of the Most Creative, Healthful Recipes [沙拉的秘密：100道最有創意的健康食譜]，頁號 103:


Billy

小稱及暱稱；參見Bill。

Just then a squadron of "Billys" -- twin-engined B-25 Mitchell land-based bombers -- flew overhead ….

2003 Bradley, James Flyboys. New York: Little, Brown and Company. Ch 7:


dine and dash

常帶連字符（尤其在作定語時）


dine and dash

dines and dashes
dining and dashing
dined and dashed


high school

源自中古英語 hyȝ scole (“提供更高級別教育的學校”)，等同於 high + school。與荷蘭語 hogeschool (“學院，大學，研究生院”)、德語 Hochschule (“學院，大學”) 同源。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/EN-AU ck1 high school.ogg


secondary school

高級中學：為年齡在14-18歲（9-12年級）之間學生提供教育的機構


biggy

要人，重要人物 （尤指娱乐圈）


row house

The walls in Eduardo's row house were so thin he could hear the neighbors two houses down.

Eduardo的联排房屋的墙太薄了，都可以听到旁边两个房子邻居的声音。


rubbernecker

源自rubberneck (动词) + -er (表示做此动作的人或物，构成施动者名词)。

/ˈrʌbəˌnɛkə/

/ˈrʌbɚˌnɛkɚ/

The minor accident caused a traffic jam as rubberneckers slowed down to get a good view of the battered cars.

那起小事故因为一群围观的人放慢脚步来看撞坏的车，引起了堵车。

Gentlemen will leave their pocket flasks with the captain, and will limit themselves to two bunches of cigarettes each. Rubber neckers will be executed without trial. Glasses will be needed to protect the eyes from the dust, and you MUST "Keep off the grass."

1898, The Michigan School Moderator, 卷 18, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Michigan School Moderator, →OCLC，頁號 30，列號 3:

I suppose that fellow was a rubber-necker, and got killed peeping over the trenches.

1899, Stephen Bonsal, “Under the Mango-tree”, 出自 The Fight for Santiago: The Story of the Soldier in the Cuban Campaign, from Tampa to the Surrender, New York, N.Y.: Doubleday & McClure Co., →OCLC，頁號 283:

He is a great "rubber-necker." What he don't see aint worth looking at.

1899 March 25, “A Bobbin Boy’s Essay on His Boss”, 出自 Jos[eph] M. Wade 編, Fibre and Fabric: A Record of American Textile Industries in the Cotton and Woolen Trade, 卷 XXIX, 期 734, Boston, Mass.: Jos. M. Wade, →OCLC，頁號 63，列號 2:

We are taught the importance of hygiene of the mouth, of the body, and of the hair, but little concerning the nose, which is the "rubber-necker" which is expected to discover any laxity of cleanliness of other parts of the body or the air around us.

1899 November 3, W. Cheatham, “Hygiene of the Nose”, 出自 The American Practitioner and News, 卷 XXVIII, 期 12, Louisville, Ky.: John P. Morton & Company, 出版於 15 December 1899, →OCLC，頁號 441:

"The train's whistle was blowin' the whole time and, Lord, it sounded like a bomb had went off when they hit," said Patty Fay McNair, a waitress at the Torch, to a rubbernecker who'd asked if she'd seen what happened.

1991, Barry Gifford, “Consuelo’s Kiss”, 出自 Sailor’s Holiday: The Wild Life of Sailor and Lula, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →ISBN; quoted in Thomas A. McCarthy 編, The Rooster Trapped in the Reptile Room: A Barry Gifford Reader, New York, N.Y., Toronto, Ont.: Seven Stories Press, 2003, →ISBN，頁號 256:

A huge crowd of Muscovites had gathered around the distant approaches to the building, beyond the cordon of military and police. [...] Stray bullets flew in their direction, too, and several people were wounded. Some were even killed. Nevertheless the crowd of rubberneckers kept growing.

2000, Roy Medvedev, “Privatization, Government Crisis, and Elections (1993)”, 出自 George Shriver（譯者）, Post-Soviet Russia: A Journey through the Yeltsin Era, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, part 1 (Myths and Realities of Capitalism in Russia)，頁號 125:

[...] Snake River breaching [...] will attract tourists, fly-rodders, kayakers, birders, botanists, Lewis and Clark buffs, and rubberneckers from all over the globe to ogle the mothballed dam remnants, study the returning plants, birds, and wildlife, [...]

2001, David James Duncan, “A Prayer for the Salmon’s Second Coming”, 出自 My Story as Told by Water […], 1st paperback版, San Francisco, Calif.: Sierra Club Books, →ISBN，頁號 212:

[...] Shane kept looking into the open box with the morbid curiosity of a freeway rubbernecker passing a fatal accident. All of his mid-nineties career pileups were collected there.

2001 January, Stephen J[oseph] Cannell, “The Tin Collectors”, 出自 Vertical Coffin; The Tin Collectors, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Griffin, 出版於 January 2004, →ISBN，頁號 156:

'A rubbernecker checking out where you lived.' / 'Why would anybody do that?' / 'I guess it kind of makes you a celebrity.'

2014, Christopher Fowler, Bryant & May: The Bleeding Heart, London: Bantam Books, 出版於 2015, →ISBN，頁號 133:

The new season is unrelentingly bleak – gone is [Margaret] Atwood's astute social commentary, turning the audience into rubberneckers peering at the carnage.

2018 June 16, Fiona Sturges, “Cattleprods! Severed tongues! Torture porn! Why I’ve stopped watching the Handmaid’s Tale”, 出自 Katharine Viner 編, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，於2020-02-05歸檔自原頁面:


skeleton in the closet

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-skeleton in the closet.ogg

难以启齿的秘密，丢人的秘密


the jig is up

jig曾指“活泼的舞蹈”，在伊丽莎白时代，还曾经是指“恶作剧”的俚语。该词即派生自这个弃用俚语词。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-the jig is up.ogg

（当自己说时）我们被打了个措手不及，我们完蛋了，我们穿帮了；（当对他人说时）你们已经被拆穿了，你们完蛋了

We knew then the jig was up, and it was no grin matter for us.

When I first told 'em how the jig was up with us, that the British were going to have the land, without any fighting about it, I never see fellows so mad before in my life, unless it was Major Eaton at Washington when he sot out to flog Mr. Ingham.

1833, Seba Smith (as Jack Downing), The life and writings of Major Jack Downing, of Downingville, away down East in the State of Maine, Lilly; Wait; Colman & Holden，頁號 176:

After I had returned home in the spring of 1893 from Washington, where I saw so many gray-haired men who had held high elective office begging for the crumbs from Cleveland's table, I gave my wife an account of what I observed, and told her that when the jig was up for me I would hasten back to Missouri to begin the practice of law once more and be a man among men.

1920, Champ Clark, My Quarter Century of American Politics, Harper & brothers，頁號 96:

The universe works in strange ways: just when you think the jig is up, you get a second chance.

2007, Mary Newport, in Jerry Newport and Mary Newport, Mozart and the Whale: An Asperger's Love Story, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN，頁號 248:


aggro

源自aggravation 的截斷形式 + -o (指小后缀)，受到了aggressive的影响。

more aggro (comparative)
most aggro (superlative)

At the beginning of the twenty-first century the physically adept aggro femme had become a recurring motif in new circus and physical theatre.

2005, Peta Tait, Circus Bodies: cultural identity in aerial performance，頁號 131:


beat it

beats it
beating it
beat it
beat it
beaten it


what's the big idea

什么意思？想怎样？ （表达对另一个人行为的惊讶和不满，尤指对听话人。）

I heard you been chatting up my girl. What's the big idea?

我听说你经常找我女朋友聊天。你想找茬吗？

Hey, what's the big idea, you telling everybody I'd left town?

喂，你干嘛告诉别人我已经走了。


pig in a blanket

pigs in a blanket (plural)
pigs in blankets (plural)


play hooky

对于hooky的词源，参见该词条；该词构成类似play truant。

Plenty of people played hooky from work to go see the movie on opening day.

电影上映那天好多人旷工去看那部电影。


phony-baloney

more phony-baloney (comparative)
most phony-baloney (superlative)


shoot the breeze

shoots the breeze
shooting the breeze
shot the breeze

We were just standing around shooting the breeze.

Oh, I've just been upstairs with your boss, shooting the breeze… shooting his fish.

1989, Lethal Weapon 2 (motion picture), 角色 Martin Riggs（Mel Gibson）:

Listen, I came here to do some business, not shoot the breeze. If you want to expound your personal philosophies, write another book.

1999, The Ninth Gate (motion picture), 角色 Dean Corso（Johnny Depp）:


bupkis

借自意第緒語 באָבקעס (bobkes)，באָבקע (bobke, “羊的粪便”)的复数形式，源自באָב (bob, “豆”) + ־קע (-ke)，仿译自波蘭語 bobek (“椭圆形粪便”)，最终源自原始斯拉夫語 *bobъ (“豆，蚕豆”)。

We searched for hours and found bupkis.

我们找了几个小时，啥也没找到。

But we did nothing, absolutely bupkis that day / And I say, what the hell am I doing drinking in L.A. at 26?

1997, “Drinking in L.A.”, 演出者 Bran Van 3000:

She answered her own question. “Without the connection to other people,” she said, “you have bupkis.”

2022 April 20, John Leland, 引 Robin Solod, “How Loneliness Is Damaging Our Health”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:


call the shots

calls the shots
calling the shots
called the shots

In today's health care system, insurance companies call the shots. They pick whom they cover and how they cover them. They can cut off your benefits when you need your coverage the most. They are in charge.

1994 January 25, Bill Clinton, William Jefferson Clinton's Second State of the Union Address:

Myanmar's Shan state, which borders both China and Thailand, is the wild wild east. And in many parts of the state, it's well-armed ethnic militias, not Myanmar's military, who call the shots.

2019 July 4, Michael Sullivan, “In Myanmar, Methamphetamine, Synthetic Drug Production Soars”, 出自 NPR.org:

The conventional wisdom in Washington is that Iran’s elections are insignificant. Regardless of who wins, the argument goes, in the end, it’s the supreme leader who calls the shots.

2021 June 22, Ali Vaez, Dina Esfandiary, “The Hard-Liners Won in Iran. That’s Not All Bad News.”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:


sunup

“Shagbark, that was risky on your part; even where it lies it is much closer than I like, for we shall all have to see it in the morning.”

“No, you won’t; it’ll be gone afore sunup.”

1909, Edward S. Ellis, Alden the Pony Express Rider:


make nice

And now he had to go make nice with the good doctor's grandma.

1999, Gina Wilkins, Doctor in Disguise，頁號 18:

[H]e either had to make nice with the guards or make nice with the prisoners. And frankly, the way the prisoners made nice scared the bejeesus out of him.

2002, Dee Davis, Dark of the Night，頁號 31:

“A jackass? I'm trying to make nice.” “I don't need your nice. Go make nice with Angela.”


get a rise out of

gets a rise out of
getting a rise out of
got a rise out of
got a rise out of
gotten a rise out of

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-get a rise out of.ogg

He's just doing it to get a rise out of you. Just ignore him.

1985, John Hughes, 導演John Hughes, The Breakfast Club, 角色 Claire Standish（Molly Ringwald）:

Ahmadinejad is no simpleton. . . . His Holocaust denial is a flagrant ploy—the easiest way to get a rise out of the Jewish community.

2007 September 26, Joe Klein, “Inflating a Little Man”, 出自 Time:


get a word in edgewise

edgewise和edgeways (“边缘向着移动方向地”)是比喻用法，比喻插话者能够进入的间隙很小。

gets a word in edgewise
getting a word in edgewise
got a word in edgewise
got a word in edgewise
gotten a word in edgewise

/ˌɡɛt ə ˈwɜːd ɪn ˈɛdʒwaɪz/

/ˌɡɛt ə ˈwɝd ɪn ˈɛdʒwaɪz/

Everyone was talking at once. I couldn’t get a word in edgewise.

大家都同时说了起来，我插不上话。

The converſation at breakfaſt began on reading, which ſhe ſaid ſhe was extremely fond of, and Joſeph, her ladyſhip, and my papa, fell into ſuch a deep diſcourſe, that I verily thought they would never have finiſhed; for, believe me, I was quite out of patience, as neither mama nor I, could ſo much as put a ſingle word in edgewiſe; for they might as well have talked Greek to us, and we ſhould have underſtood them much the ſame.

（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）]

[1778 December, “[Original Letters. Miss Clifford to Miss Granby.] In Continuation.”, 出自 The Lady’s Magazine; or, Entertaining Companion for the Fair Sex, Appropriated Solely to Their Use and Amusement, London: Printed for G[eorge] Robinson, […], →OCLC，頁號 652，列號 1:

Accordingly she was exceedingly elevated; alternately singing pieces of hymns in a hobbling broken voice, having lost her teeth, breaking out into incoherent exclamations, and relating parts of her experience; while I had not room, which indeed I did not much require, to get a word in edgewise.

1822, [James Colman], “Letter VIII. The Contrast.”, 出自 Walks in the Country; or, Christian Sketches of Scenery, Life, and Character, in Familiar Letters, London: Printed for the author; published by James Nisbet, […], →OCLC，頁號s 100–101:

We help him push his Nash down the street, then drink awhile and talk with Evelyn a beautiful blonde woman that young Ron Blake wants and even Dave Wain wants but she's got her mind on other things and taking care of the children who have to go to school and dancing classes in the morning and hardly gets a word in edgewise anyway as we all yak and yell like fools to impress her tho all she really wants is to be alone with me to talk about Cody and his latest soul.

1962 September 11, Jack Kerouac, 章號 13, 出自 Big Sur, New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, →OCLC; 再版為 Big Sur (Penguin Modern Classics), London: Penguin Books, 2012, →ISBN:

源自the women who write to her, Cokie Roberts has observed, "I get the feeling that the country is full of women who've never gotten a word in edgewise when the men talk politics."

1996, Louis Baldwin, “Cokie Roberts: Political Commentator (1943– )”, 出自 Women of Strength: Biographies of 106 who have Excelled in Traditionally Male Fields, A.D. 61 to the Present, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, →ISBN，頁號 177:

I sat there, letting his voice run on. Even if I'd wanted to, I couldn't have gotten a word in edgeways. Perhaps if life continued thi way, I would gradually lose the faculty of speech, [...]

1999, Zena Collier, 章號 3, 出自 A Cooler Climate, Lincoln, Neb.: toExcel Press, iUniverse, →ISBN，頁號 24:

I only included the interview because it is revealing of Javanese gender relationships. The young dancer is muted and hardly gets a word in edgeways, as the (male) troupe leader and her mother hijack each question and provide answers which are sometimes contradictory.

1999, Felicia Hughes-Freeland, “Dance on Film: Strategy and Serendipity”, 出自 Theresa J. Buckland 編, Dance in the Field: Theory, Methods and Issues in Dance Ethnography, Basingstoke, Hampshire, New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, →DOI, →ISBN, part II (Methodological Approaches)，頁號 117:

[W]hen interacting with a member of a cultural group used to taking longer to reflect on what to say next, native English speakers virtually prevent this person from getting a word in edgewise. We feel compelled to fill the "uncomfortably long" silence with words.

2003, Sylvia Helmer, Catherine Eddy, “ESL Learners and Communication”, 出自 Dyanne Rivers 編, Look at Me when I Talk to You: ESL Learners in Non-ESL Classrooms (Pippin Teacher’s Library; 39), Toronto, Ont.: Pippin Publishing Company, →ISBN，頁號 48:

Stanton stood up. It seemed the only way of getting a word in edgeways.

2014, Ben Elton, 章號 5, 出自 Time and Time Again, London: Black Swan, Transworld Publishers, →ISBN，頁號 57:

Betsy rang me every now and then, but I couldn't get caught up in the 'fight' like she did. Besides, if I got a word in edgeways during each call I'd be lucky.

2014, Emma O’Reilly, with Shannon Kyle, “Old Wounds”, 出自 The Race to Truth: Blowing the Whistle on Lance Armstrong and Cycling’s Doping Culture, London: Bantam Press, →ISBN，頁號 248:

She must have nattered on for half an hour. Everyone else was gone when I finally got a word in edgewise and escaped.

2015 February, Eva Gates, By Book or by Crook (A Lighthouse Library Mystery), New York, N.Y.: Obsidian, New American Library, →ISBN，頁號 313:


hand someone his hat

hands someone his hat
handing someone his hat
handed someone his hat

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-hand someone his hat.ogg

McNeil replied, "It may have been Hitler who helped Chamberlain with his overcoat but don't forget it was the British people who handed him his hat."

1948 November 27, Drew Pearson, “The Washington Merry-go-round”, 出自 Ludington Daily News, US, retrieved 2015-11-10，頁號 4:

You grew up under dictators who would have put people to the sword if they dared hand them their hats and invite them to buzz off.

1972 July 25, Bob Considine, “Letter to Kremlin”, 出自 Reading Eagle, US, retrieved 2015-11-10，頁號 4:

The President's men, nonetheless, view him the way the Vatican saw Galileo—as a dangerous heretic. . . . They would hand him his hat if they dared.

1984 February 6, Mary McGrory, “Feldstein doggedly speaks his mind”, 出自 Eugene Register-Guard, US, retrieved 2015-11-10，頁號 15A:


take five

takes five
taking five
took five
taken five

休息几分钟 （常指五分钟）

Hey, stop fighting! Take five, people!

喂，别打了，各位！休息几分钟！


jerkwad

And frankly, jerkwad, you're not worthy to lick the dirt off his briefcase.

2001, William Bernhardt, Murder One, Ballantine, →ISBN，頁號 110:

Hidge said, "Someone with a license, jerkwad."

2001, Bill Roorbach, The Smallest Color, Counterpoint, 2003 pbk ed., ISBN 1-5824-3252-X, p. 222:

You're not crazy, just extremely annoying. Go soak your head, jerkwad.

2003 December 16, “Confidentials”, 出自 Weekly World News，頁號 23:


get down to brass tacks

不详。字面意思是「黄铜钉子」。最早记录出现于1863年美国德克萨斯。一个理论认为，其源自五金店或布店的柜台上用来以准确单位量布的黄铜钉子（而不是用一边放在鼻子前，另一边放在伸长的手臂上来近似量出一码）。还有一种说法是，其源自19世纪通行于美国的用黄铜钉子在棺材上写出死者名字的做法。再有一种说法是，美国西部早期用黄铜钉子来装饰枪托的习惯。用黄铜是因为其不会生锈而且易于抛光。根据作家Stanley Vestal的说法，“钉在步枪上的黄铜钉子记录了死在枪口下的受害者的数量。黄铜钉子。”

gets down to brass tacks
getting down to brass tacks
got down to brass tacks
gotten down to brass tacks
got down to brass tacks

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-get down to brass tacks.ogg

get down to cases, get right down to cases

When you come down to brass tacks – if we may be allowed the expression – everybody is governed by selfishness.

1863, January 21, 1863, The Tri-Weekly Telegraph, newspaper of Houston, Texas

That's no answer. Get down to brass tacks.

Let's get down to brass tacks here. How much for the ape?

1972, Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream

We're gonna stop playing games with these Arabs and get down to brass tacks!

You must be Jules, which would make you Vincent. Let's get down to brass tacks, gentlemen. If I was informed correctly, the clock is ticking. Is that right, Jimmie?

1994, Quentin Tarantino, Roger Avary, Pulp Fiction, 角色 The Wolf（Harvey Keitel）:

And if the government got a grip, got down to brass tacks and started doing their actual job, all these things could be avoided.

2023 April 2, Pippa Crerar, Robyn Vinter, 引 Lisa Nandy, “Suella Braverman denies Brexit to blame for Dover queues of 14 hours”, 出自 The Guardian, →ISSN:


walk-in

walk in 的動詞派生詞。

能够徒步进入的 可徒步进入的

Aspen is a walk-in tent campground with sites tucked in among the pine

2007, Fred Dow, Suzanne Dow, U. S. National Forest Campground Guide:


doozy

不详。可能源自daisy (“雏菊”)或意大利女演员Eleonora Duse（埃莱奥诺拉·杜斯）之名。常有说法错误地称其源自汽车公司Duesenberg，但该词出现比这一公司成立早十多年。另可能源自波蘭語 duży，于20世纪00年代左右由波兰移民潮引入美国。(這個詞源⁽⁺⁾能找到來源嗎？)

lulu

麻烦的，棘手的； 厉害的

麻烦的，棘手的； 厉害的

Most of the test was easy, but the last question was a doozy.

那场考试大部分题都简单，但是最后一题挺难的。

Like the em unit, the rem unit is based on declared font size. The difference — and it’s a doozy — is that whereas em is calculated using the font size of the element to which it’s applied, rem is always calculated using the root element.

2017, Eric A Meyer, Estelle Weyl, CSS: The Definitive Guide: Visual Presentation for the Web, Kindle版, O'Reilly Media，頁號 126:


doozy

doozier (comparative)
dooziest (superlative)

花哨的，俗艳的 （1911）

Who was that doozy fellow I saw you with?

1917, Elsie Warnock, “Terms of approbation and eulogy in American dialect speech”, 出自 Dialect Notes, 卷 IV，頁號 21:

Sweetie, do let me show you the dooziest little afternoon frock that Poiret designed for me in Paris.

1920, Jane Barrett, “English review”, 出自 High School Life, 卷 21，頁號 531:


boonies

boondocks 的截斷形式 + -ies，形似单数为*boony (“偏远地”)的一哥复数形式。原由越南战争中的美军士兵所造，用于指越南的农村地带，与西贡（现胡志明市）相对。

偏远地，穷乡僻壤，鸟不拉屎的地方


preppy

preppier (comparative)
more preppy (comparative)
preppiest (superlative)
most preppy (superlative)

posh

预科学校的 （比如服装方面）

预科学校的 （比如服装方面）

I'll pick you up after the party. Let's see, there'll be all that deep preppy conversation, preppy dancing, piles of preppy fun. Party starts at nine, I'll pick you up at nine fifteen.

1983, Alan Eisenstock, Larry Mintz, High School U.S.A. (motion picture), 角色 Jay-Jay Manners（Michael J. Fox）:

So, Jam, who did your wardrobe, Tad the preppie sailboat captain?

1999, Carl V. Dupré, Detroit Rock City (motion picture), 角色 Trip（James DeBello）:


preppy

预科生 （自20世纪中叶）

同類詞： (英国) prepper


go Chapter 11

goes Chapter 11
going Chapter 11
went Chapter 11
gone Chapter 11


aquaplane

原始印歐語詞
 *h₂ékʷeh₂
A woman riding an aquaplane in 1919.
1919年，一名女性在玩滑水板。
Two vehicles aquaplaning on a wet road.
兩輛車在潮濕的路面上發生水漂。
名詞派生自 aqua- (表示“水”的前綴) + plane (“平面”)（最終源自原始印歐語 *pleh₂- (“平坦的”)）。
動詞派生自名詞，可分析作 aqua- + plane (“滑翔；劃過水面”)。

滑水板（一種供人站在上面休閒娛樂的板子，由摩托艇拉著，在水面上移動）


square away

I have almost squared away the last of the paperwork from that job.

我快完成那个工作的文书任务了。


button up

封锁 （军事载具或者设施等）

Once buttoned up, NORAD's operation center can survive for more than 30 days without aid from the outside world.

We fired at the tanks and caused them to "button up" and then we started shooting the infantry.

1997, “Statement of S/Sgt. Alfred Sueflow, Company E, 253rd Infantry”, 出自 Battle Between the Jagst and Kocher Rivers, 4-12 April 1945，頁號 136:

He turned a key. NORAD buttoned up. The outside lights, flashing for half an hour now in warning of a simulated attack, stopped. Whoever was inside would stay inside. Whoever was outside would not be able to get in […]