substance

繼承自中古英語 substance，來自古法語 substance，來自拉丁語 substantia (“實質，本質”)，來自substāns，substō (“存在”, 字面意思是“站在下面”)的現在主動分詞，來自sub + stō (“站立”)。取代本土的古英語 andweorc。

物質 具有恆定化學成分和特性的物質形式

Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace: the first apt to give stiffness, the other suppleness: one gives substance and form to the statue, the other polishes it.

学习给心灵带来力量，交谈则给人以优雅：学习容易使人僵硬，交谈则使人柔韧：学习给雕像提供物质和形式，交谈则使雕像更加光彩夺目。

1699, William Temple, Heads designed for an essay on conversations:

His wasted hands were stretched out, and worked with a quick and convulsive motion, as if catching some small substances which kept eluding their grasp;...

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 XXX, 出自 Francesca Carrara. […], 第 II 卷, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，第 308 頁:

Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.

塑料是富含能量的物质，这就是许多塑料如此容易燃烧的原因。任何能够释放和利用这种能量的生物都将在人类世中生存得很好。能够做到这一点的陆地细菌和真菌已经为该领域的专家所熟知。

2013年July20日, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, 出自 The Economist, 第 408 卷, 第 8845 期:

同類詞：compound、element、mixture、composite

This edition is the same in substance with the Latin.
此版本内容与拉丁文版本相同。

1684-1690, Thomas Burnet, Sacred Theory of the Earth

It is insolent in words, in manner; but in substance it is not only insulting, but alarming.

从言语上、从态度上看，它都很粗野无礼；而从实质上看，它不仅具有侮辱性，而且令人震惊。

1796, Edmund Burke, Letters on a Regicide Peace:

Some textile fabrics have little substance.

a man of substance

And there wasted his substance with riotous living.

在那裡任意放蕩、浪費資財。

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 15:13:

Thy substance, valued at the highest rate, / Cannot amount unto a hundred marks.

你的财产，即使按最高价格计算，价值也不到一百马克。

c. 1594, William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

substance abuse


substance

賦予實質內容；使其變得真實或充實

If life were nothing but what gets phrased and substanced, the world might as well be rolled up and laid away again in darkness.

1873, Adeline Dutton Train Whitney, The Other Girls，第 335 頁:

The calm ruminating / Reverie, substancing / Intellect into emotion, / Is shelter enough for love / Unhumiliated by faith.

1982, Dhupaty V. K. Raghavacharyulu, The Song of the Red Rose and Other Poems，第 78 頁:


tomahawk

借自東阿爾岡昆語支 ，有可能是波瓦坦語 tumahák；對照馬里希特-帕薩瑪奎迪語 tomhikon (“斧”)、阿貝納基語 temahigan、demahigan (“斧”)。

yeerely bring into our store house, at the beginning of their haruest two bushels of corne a man […] for which they should receiue so many Iron Tomahawkes or small hatchets.

1615, Ralph Hamor, A True Discourse of the Present State of Virginia (published in Richmond in 1957), page 13:

戰斧式扣籃，將手臂放在脑后的扣籃方式。

由一个半圆和两条线段组成的几何结构，用作三等分角的工具；因其与美洲印第安人斧头的相似而得名。

一种曲棍球击球方式，球员将曲棍球棒倒置并摆动，使其内侧边缘与球接触。


tomahawk

Not satisfied with tomahawking our colleagues in the country, they ask the scanty remnant in the House to join in the scalp dance.

1906, FE Smith, maiden speech to House of Commons, 12 Mar 1906:

环绕或砍倒（一块土地）周围的树木，以获得它的所有权。

He was the owner of 1,300 acres of land bought from the government and located where the city of Lexington, Ky., now stands. After his marriage he tomahawked an area of 600 acres near Carmichaelstown, […]

1909, Samuel Gordon Smyth, A Genealogy of the Duke-Shepherd-Van Metre Family: From Civil, Military, Church and Family Records and Documents, page 67:

Meantime, Silas Zane passed on and came to the forks, and admiring the locality, he tomahawked his right to it, securing one thousand acres.

1915, Chronicles of the Cochrans: Being a Series of Historical Events and Narratives, in which Members of this Family Have Played a Prominent Part, page 55:


longevity

借自拉丁語 longaevitās，來自longaevus (“古舊的，老年的”) + -itās。

[lɑŋˈd͡ʒɛv.ə.ɾi]

Grandpa had incredible longevity: he lived to be 105 years old!

爺爺很長壽：他活到105歲！

This 142-year-old tiny ex-LNWR SB [signal box, at Batley] is an amazing survivor, probably owing its longevity to its location alongside a level crossing. Indeed it started life as a gate box with the delightful name of Lady Ann's Crossing.

2020年July1日, David Allen, “Signalling from Leeds along the S&C”, 出自 Rail，第 74 頁:

A ‘postdating’ is an example of the use of a lexical item at a later date than currently recorded and these are important in establishing the longevity of use of a term and whether or not it has become obsolete.

2018, James Lambert, “Anglo-Indian slang in dictionaries on historical principles”, 出自 World Englishes, 第 37 卷，第 255 頁:


propaganda

來自新拉丁語 prōpāganda，是Congregātiō dē Prōpāgandā Fidē的簡稱，意為「傳佈信仰聖部」，為拉丁語 prōpāgō (“傳播”)的離格陰性動名詞。propagation 的同源對似詞。現在政治含意來自第一次世界大戰，最初非貶義詞。

/ˌpɹɒpəˈɡændə/

[ˌpɹɒp.əˈɡæn.də]

[ˌpɹɑp.əˈɡɛə̯n.də]

They established a government propaganda commission, called the w:en:Creel Commission, which succeeded, within six months, in turning a pacifist population into a hysterical, war-mongering population which wanted to destroy everything German, tear the Germans limb from limb, go to war and save the world.

2002, Noam Chomsky, “Selections”, 出自 Media Control:


potassium

由英國的化學家漢弗里·戴維在1807年造出，來自potassa + -ium。


immunoglobulin

简体: 免疫球蛋白[动物学]

正體: 免疫球蛋白[動物學]


shellac

含蟲膠原料的78轉老式唱片


shellac

正體: 蟲膠；蟲漆[電機工程]


grudge

grutch的變體 (15世紀中期，比begrudge年輕)，來自中古英語 grucchen (“喃喃自語，抱怨，怨恨，嫉妒”)，來自古法語 grouchier、groucier (“喃喃自語，抱怨”)，起源自日耳曼語族，可能是仿譯。
與中古高地德語 grogezen (“嚎叫，哀號”)、德語 grocken (“發牢騷”)同族。對照古諾爾斯語 krytja (“喃喃自語”)、古高地德語 grunzen (“咕噥”)。

to have, hold, or bear a grudge against someone

Bag. And if I do not my good Lord damme me for it

1607, Barnabe Barnes, THE DIVILS CHARTER: A TRAGÆDIE Conteining the Life and Death of Pope Alexander the ſixt, ACTVS. 5, SCÆ. 1:


grudge

勉強地給/准許；不情願做（自16世紀）

Wee shall finde our whole life so necessarily ioyned with sorrow, that we ought rather delight (and take pleasure) in Gods louing chastisements, and admonitions, then any way murmure and grudge at our crosses, or tribulations :

1608, Henrie Gosson, The Woefull and Lamentable wast and spoile done by a suddaine Fire in S. Edmonds-bury in Suffolke, on Munday the tenth of Aprill. 1608., reprinted by F. Pawsey, Old Butter Market, Ipswich, 1845, page 6:

If we of the central land were to grudge you what is beneficial, and not to compassionate your wants, then wherewithal could you foreigners manage to exist?

1841, Edmund Burke, The Annual Register, Rivingtons，第 430 頁:

Of course, his interest in the war and in the regiment was unbounded; he did not take to drill with especial readiness, but he was insatiable of it, and grudged every moment of relaxation.

1869, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Army Life in a Black Regiment, Fields, Osgood, & Co.，第 62 頁:

Our two inimitable drolls did a roaring trade with their broadsheets among lovers of the comedy element and nobody who has a corner in his heart for real Irish fun without vulgarity will grudge them their hardearned pennies.

1922 February, James Joyce, “Episode 12&”, 出自 Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

埋怨，抱怨，不滿（15世紀–18世紀）

以惡意的態度或目的持有或窩藏


paralyse

使麻痺，使癱瘓；使氣餒；使驚呆

The transport strike paralysed the city.

交通罷工使這座城市陷入癱瘓。


massive

more massive (comparative)
most massive (superlative)

Young Jupiter was smacked head-on by massive newborn planet […] "The only scenario that resulted in a core-density profile similar to what Juno measures today is a head-on impact with a planetary embryo about 10 times more massive than Earth," Liu said.

小木星被一顆大質量新生行星正面撞擊 […] 劉教授說：「唯一能解釋朱諾號目前測量到的核心密度分佈的情況是，木星曾與一顆質量約為地球 10 倍大的行星胚胎發生了正面碰撞。」

2019年August15日, “Young Jupiter was smacked head-on by massive newborn planet”, 出自 Rice University News，於2020-10-01歸檔自原頁面:


radial

正體: 徑向[電子計算機]


garlic

早期寫法garlick、garlicke，來自中古英語 garlek、garlik，來自古英語 gārlēac (“大蒜”, 字面意思是“矛-韭蔥”)，來自gār (“矛”, 指蒜瓣) +。與低地蘇格蘭語 garlic (“大蒜”)同源。

Athletes' use of herbal supplements has skyrocketed in the past two decades. At the top of the list of popular herbs are echinacea and ginseng, whereas garlic, St. John's wort, soybean, ephedra and others are also surging in popularity or have been historically prevalent.

2013年March20日, David S. Senchina, “Athletics and Herbal Supplements”, 出自 American Scientist, 第 101 卷, 第 2 期，第 134 頁:


prospect

來自拉丁語 prospectus, prospicere (“展望”)，來自pro (“之前”) + specere、spicere (“看”).


reagent

正體: 試劑[電子計算機]


quarantine

《圣经》中描述的耶稣禁食40天时所在的沙漠。


quarantine

:< 意大利語 quarantina （“四十”） < quarantina giorni （“四十天”）（四十天是当时威尼斯人为了消除鼠疫而将来港船只隔离的时间）< quaranta （“四十”） < 拉丁語 quadraginta （“四十”）。

（为防传染的）隔离期，检疫


quarantine

（对动物或人）进行检疫，隔离


recombination

[简体]:复合[电子电机工程]

[正體]:複合[電子電機工程]

正體: 復合；再結合[電機工程]

正體: 復合[電子計算機]


regression

/ɹiːˈɡɹɛʃən/

正體: 迴歸[通訊工程]

正體: 迴歸[電子計算機]


reluctance

[简体]:磁阻[电子电机工程]

[正體]:磁阻[電子電機工程]

正體: 磁阻[通訊工程]

简体: 磁阻[船舶科技]

正體: 磁阻[造船工程]


relay

[简体]:继电器[电子电机工程]

[正體]:繼電器[電子電機工程]

[简体]:"继电器,中继,接力传播,网络中继器"[通信]

[正體]:繼電器，中繼[通訊]

正體: 繼電器；替續器；電驛（器）[電機工程]

正體: 繼電器，中繼[通訊工程]

正體: 電驛；中繼；繼電器[電子計算機]


realm

正體: 領域[電子計算機]


retail

[ˈɹ̠ʷiˌtʰeɪ̯ɫ]


retail

[ˈɹ̠ʷiˌtʰeɪ̯ɫ]


retail

[ˈɹ̠ʷiˌtʰeɪ̯ɫ]


retail

[ˈɹ̠ʷiˌtʰeɪ̯ɫ]


consensus

源自拉丁語 cōnsēnsus (“同意，一致”)，來自cōnsentiō (“共感；同意”)；參見consent。

After years of debate over the best wine to serve at Thanksgiving, no real consensus has emerged.

多年以来，人们持续谈及、争论“哪款葡萄酒是感恩节期间最佳之品”之一问题，但依然没有形成真正的共识。

a financial consensus forecast


consensus

尋求共識；進行討論，以達成共同協議

I think we a strongly consensused society. There was a consensus during the 1950's, the Eisenhower years, in our society. Then in the 1960's came a period of division.

1975, United States. Bureau of the Census, The Census Bureau (page 168)

None of this consensusing was done with the Manual. There were no national workshops, forums, etc.

1992, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Environment, The Science of Wetland Definition and Delineation: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Environment of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session, November 12, 1991 (page 185)


hierarchy

源自中古英語 ierarchie、jerarchie，源自古法語 ierarchie、jerarchie，源自晚期拉丁語 ierarchia，源自拉丁語 hierarchia，源自古希臘語 ἱεραρχία (hierarkhía, “（大祭司的）统治”)，源自ἱεράρχης (hierárkhēs, “大祭司”)，源自ἱερός (hierós, “神圣的”) + ἄρχω (árkhō, “统治”)。受到古典拉丁语的影响，约1500年时“h”被重新添加。

（有官位层级的）统治集团

The [Washington] Post's proprietor through those turbulent [Watergate] days, Katharine Graham, held a double place in Washington’s hierarchy: at once regal Georgetown hostess and scrappy newshound, ready to hold the establishment to account.

2013年August10日, Lexington, “Keeping the mighty honest”, 出自 The Economist, 第 408 卷, 第 8848 期:

等級制度，層級制度，層次結構，階層

Social defeat arises in strict social hierarchies in which the few dominate the many. Overcrowding exacerbates the many ills of social defeat within these social hierarchies based on dominance.

2023年June7日, Charles Hugh Smith, Look Around and What Do You See? Social Defeat:

... the surviving portions provide enough detail to outline its principal features: the hierarchy of beings to whom his liturgy was to be addressed (we previously considered Plethon's hierarchy of gods in our examination of his Summary[…]

2017年June1日, Peter Mark Adams, The Game of Saturn: Decoding the Sola-Busca Tarocchi, Scarlet Imprint, →ISBN，第 158 頁:


render

撕开、劈开、裂开、散开、揭开


recommendation

/ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/

/ˌɹɛkəmənˈdeɪʃən/

正體: 推薦；建議；推薦標準[自由軟體]

简体: 推荐[自由软体]

正體: 推薦；建議[電子計算機]


memorandum

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 memorandum，memorandus (“要記住的”) 的中性。


reservoir

水库，贮水池，蓄水池；人造的或天然的蓄水場所，例如湖泊或池塘，可由此取水供灌溉、都市給水或防洪之用。


royal

more royal (comparative)
most royal (superlative)


sheer

3.(紡織物)極薄的，透明的


screwdriver

螺絲起子，一種由伏特加和橙汁製成的飲料


species

正體: 種類[電子計算機]


pharmacy

來自中古英語 pharmacy，源自中古法語 pharmacie，來自古法語 farmacie，來自中世紀拉丁語 pharmacia，來自古希臘語 φαρμακεία (pharmakeía, “藥物使用”)，來自φάρμακον (phármakon, “痲痹，護符, 魅力”)，不確定但原型似乎是前希臘時期的底層語言。
自十四世紀晚期被證實。


spectrum

正體: 光譜； 波譜；頻譜[電機工程]

正體: 頻帶譜[電機工程]

正體: 頻譜，光譜，波譜，能譜，質譜[通訊工程]

正體: 頻譜[電子計算機]


sincere

more sincere (comparative)
sincerer (comparative)
most sincere (superlative)
sincerest (superlative)


lobe

16世紀前葉從中古法語 lobe借入，源自新拉丁語 lobus，源自古希臘語 λοβός (lobós, “耳垂；肝葉；豆莢”)。

圓形突出的部分 [自19世纪]

He then broke the kola nut and threw one of the lobes on the ground for the ancestors.

1958, Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, London: William Heinemann, Chapter 19,

葉（尤指肝葉，腦葉，肺葉等）[自16世纪]

The yawning gap in neuroscientists’ understanding of their topic is in the intermediate scale of the brain’s anatomy. Science has a passable knowledge of how individual nerve cells, known as neurons, work. It also knows which visible lobes and ganglia of the brain do what. But how the neurons are organised in these lobes and ganglia remains obscure.

2013年August3日, “The machine of a new soul”, 出自 The Economist, 第 408 卷, 第 8847 期:

當滑冰者穿過冰面時，在冰面上留下的半圓形圖案 [自20世纪]


stem

[简体]:芯柱[电子电机工程]

[正體]:芯柱[電子電機工程]

正體: 詞幹[電子計算機]


prostate

源自中古法語 prostate，源自中世紀拉丁語 prostata，源自古希臘語 προστάτης (prostátēs, “站在前面的人，守衛”)。

prostate gland

前列腺，攝護腺 （自1646年）

前列腺，攝護腺 （自1646年）


prostate

more prostate (comparative)
most prostate (superlative)


innovation

借自中古法語 innovation，來自古法語 innovacion，來自晚期拉丁語 innovatio, innovationem，來自拉丁語 innovo, innovatus。
詞法分析為innovate + -ion。

/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/

The US supreme court has ruled unanimously that natural human genes cannot be patented, a decision that scientists and civil rights campaigners said removed a major barrier to patient care and medical innovation.

2013年June21日, Karen McVeigh, “US rules human genes can't be patented”, 出自 The Guardian Weekly, 第 189 卷, 第 2 期，第 10 頁:

Innovation is more than a new method. It is a new view of the universe, as one of risk rather than of chance or of certainty. It is a new view of man's role in the universe; he creates order by taking risks. And this means that innovation, rather than being an assertion of human power, is an acceptance of human responsibility.

1954, Peter Drucker, The Landmarks of Tomorrow:


sketch

sketch (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 sketches，現在分詞 sketching，一般過去時及過去分詞 sketched)
素描；速写；草图；梗概，大意


sketch

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


spherical

more spherical (comparative)
most spherical (superlative)

正體: 球形的[通訊工程]


stagnant

more stagnant (comparative)
most stagnant (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-stagnant.wav

停滯的；不流動的；不景氣的


participate

來自分詞詞幹拉丁語 participare (“參與”)，源自particeps (“參與”)，源自pars (“部分”) + capiō (“拿取”)；參見 part 和 capable。


impart

繼承自中古英語 imparten、借自中古法語 impartir、empartir，源自晚期拉丁語 impartiō、impertiō，源自 im- + 拉丁語 partiō (“分割”)。

disclose

（通過話語、寫作等）通知，透露

tell

（通過話語、寫作等）通知，透露

賦予，給予（品質或財產）

The sun imparts warmth.

to impart food to the poor

Expressing well the spirit within thee [Adam] free, / My [God's] image, not imparted to the brute.

1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，第 440 行:

Did not Mazzini impart his spirit to divided Italy, and make her one?

1907, Charles Henry Vine, The Old Faith and the New Theology:

Cary Grant imparts his ineffable charm, Kennedy (with metal hand) provides comic brutality, while Hepburn is elegantly fraught.

2002, John Pym, Time Out Film Guide，第 202 頁:

（通過話語、寫作等）通知，透露

Well may he then to you his cares impart.

1662, John Dryden, letter to Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon:

The departure was not unduly prolonged. […] Within the door Mrs. Spoker hastily imparted to Mrs. Love a few final sentiments on the subject of Divine Intention in the disposition of buckets; farewells and last commiserations; a deep, guttural instigation to the horse; and the wheels of the waggonette crunched heavily away into obscurity.

1922, Ben Travers, 章號 5, 出自 A Cuckoo in the Nest:

Sweet Cossen, what we may not now impart, heere let vs bury it, closely in our hart

c. 1587 Anthony Munday, John a Kent and John a Cumber


skull

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


sediment

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


slip

正體: 轉差（率）；滑脫；退移[電機工程]


static

靜的，靜態的；靜電的；固定的


static

正體: 天電；靜的；靜電的[電機工程]

正體: 靜態的[通訊工程]

正體: 靜態[自由軟體]

简体: 静态[自由软体]

正體: 靜態[電子計算機]


resect

借自拉丁語 resectus，resecare (“切斷”) 的過去分詞，源自 re- + secare (“切割”)。

通過手術切除（器官或結構的一部分）

The tumor was resected after chemotherapy.


spiral

spirals
spiraling
spiralling
spiraled
spiralled

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。

正體: 螺旋線；螺簧[電機工程]


spotted

more spotted (comparative)
most spotted (superlative)


spotted

spot 的過去式和過去分詞


swarm

3.游動孢子群;浮游生物群


spite

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


thrombin

简体: 凝血酶[动物学]

正體: 凝血酶[動物學]


desperate

借自拉丁語 dēspērātus，dēspērō (“沒有希望”)的過去分詞。

more desperate (comparative)
most desperate (superlative)

I hadn't eaten in two days and was desperate for food.

我已经两天没吃东西了，非常想吃东西。

desperate to eat; desperate for attention

极度渴望吃东西；极度渴望得到关注

I was so desperate at one point, I even went to see a loan shark.

我一度非常绝望，甚至去借高利贷。

But signalman Bridges was never to answer driver Gimbert's desperate question. A deafening, massive blast blew the wagon to shreds, the 44 high-explosive bombs exploding like simultaneous hits from the aircraft they should have been dropped from. The station was instantly reduced to bits of debris, and the line to a huge crater.

2022年January12日, Benedict le Vay, “The heroes of Soham...”, 出自 RAIL, 第 948 期，第 43 頁:

a desperate disease; desperate fortune

“I knew very well that when the Peruvian Indian does anything wrong it is because he is forced to it by oppression and made desperate by abuse,” replied Lucia.

1904, Clorinda Matto de Turner, Birds Without a Nest: A Story of Indian Life and Priestly Oppression in Peru，第 218 頁:

Humankind's global integration makes biological combat a weapon of choice for desperate killers, who are either suicidal or intend to infect others […]

2016, Hans-Martin Sass, Cultures in Bioethics, LIT Verlag Münster, →ISBN，第 239 頁:

He dove into the rushing waters in a desperate effort to save her life.

他拼命跳入湍急的水流中以挽救她的生命。

The letters which were of most importance were in half a dozen languages and in the desperate handwriting of the period. Eminent men in that age thought it - like Hamlet - a baseness to write fair. Often at the end of a page I have[…]

She pictured having a boyfriend over and losing him when he saw her desperate taste in shampoo; however, the chances of that happening were slim.

(Can we date this quote?), Stopping Inertia, Dorrance Publishing, →ISBN，第 131 頁:

Whoever's writing the stuff on this has desperate handwriting, like they must be a doctor...

2022 September 2, Irish People Try American-Style Pancakes, circa 8:12:

激烈的，激動的，瘋狂的，狂暴的

For Liverpool, it capped six days of desperate disappointment after missing out on the Premier League to Manchester City by a single point then losing to this experienced, street-smart Real team.

2022年May28日, Phil McCulty, “Liverpool 0-1 Real Madrid”, 出自 BBC Sport:


desperate

借自拉丁語 dēspērātus，dēspērō (“沒有希望”)的過去分詞。


portal

Last, but very much not least, are the portals of the Ffestiniog Railway's Moelwyn Tunnel. The tunnel's story itself is well told - it was part of the preservationists' deviation required to get around a reservoir that had flooded the earlier route. But the reason for its inclusion here is that it is probably the most recently constructed, properly architected tunnel portal in Britain.

2020年August26日, Tim Dunn, “Great railway bores of our time!”, 出自 Rail，第 48–49 頁s:

在国际互联网络中充当其他网站入口的门户网站


portal

the portal vein


portal

portals
portaling
portalling
portaled
portalled


snag

树桩或被砍断的树枝底部；较短的树枝，尖或粗糙的树枝；（绳子等打的）结；任何突起的东西。

突出的牙齿；（蔑）断牙或蛀牙。

鹿或类似动物的角的分叉。


snag

纺织品被粗糙的表面或突出的东西拉坏或勾坏。

用大勾或一串勾捕鱼，旨在勾到鱼的身体（而非嘴）。

（俚）（把东西）拿起来。

正體: 蟲子[電子計算機]


synonym

正體: 同義字[自由軟體]

简体: 同义字[自由软体]

正體: 同義字[電子計算機]


boro

borough的另一種拼寫法


trunk

[简体]:中继线[电子电机工程]

[正體]:中繼線[電子電機工程]

[简体]:中继线,干线[通信]

[正體]:中繼線，幹線[通訊]

正體: 幹線；中繼線[電機工程]

正體: 中繼線，幹線[通訊工程]

正體: 主幹[自由軟體]

简体: 主干[自由软体]

正體: 幹線；中繼線[電子計算機]


strategy

借自古希臘語 στρατηγία (stratēgía)。

Oftentimes, the very simple strategies pay very great dividends.

简体: 策略[信息科技]

正體: 策略[電子計算機]


velocity

正體: 速度[電機工程]

正體: 速度[通訊工程]

简体: 速度[信息科技]

正體: 速度[電子計算機]


sustain

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


suture

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


subsidiary

more subsidiary (comparative)
most subsidiary (superlative)

輔助的；補助的；次要的；附屬的


subsidiary

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


sclerosis

From 古希臘語 σκλήρωσις (sklḗrōsis, “an induration”), from *σκληροῦν (sklēroûn, “硬化”), from σκληρός (sklērós, “hard”)

Suppressing dissent dooms the society to sclerosis, decline and collapse.

2019年December6日, Charles Hugh Smith, Suppressing Dissent Guarantees Disorder and Collapse:


superfluous

:< 拉丁語 superfluus （“滥出边沿的；多余的”） < superfluō （“泛滥，滥出”） < super （“在…之上”） + fluō （“流”）。 对比同根的 mellifluous、fluid。 此词在字面意思上对应於日耳曼语源的 overflow。


zoology

/zəʊˈɒlədʒi/

简体: 动物学[动物学]

正體: 動物學[動物學]


stitch

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


turbulence

借自拉丁語 turbulentia，或源自 turbulent + -ence。

這個國家目前正經歷政治動盪。

The country is currently experiencing political turbulence.

（空氣或水的）湍流, 紊流

飛機在飛行過程中經歷了嚴重的氣流湍流。

The airplane experienced severe turbulence during the flight.

足球比賽在球迷中間演變成了暴力和騷亂。

The football match ended in violence and turbulence among the fans.


thorn

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


vegetarian

/vɛd͡ʒɪˈtɛɹi.ən/

/vɛd͡ʒɪˈtɛəɹi.ən/

/ˌvɛd͡ʒɪˈtɛəɹɪən/


rectum

源自新拉丁語 rectum，拉丁語 rectum intestinum (字面意思是“直的腸子”)的截斷、rectum、rectus (“直”)的中性形。參見right。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-rectum.wav


ubiquitous

:< 拉丁語 ubique （“到处”） < ubi （“哪里”）。

无所不在的，十分普遍的，处处可见的


trigger

指引發不良反應或發展的起因、誘因。

(網路用詞)因為被特定事情而引發怒氣者，有嘲諷他人脾氣不好的意味。

正體: 觸發器[電機工程]

正體: 觸發；觸發器[自由軟體]

简体: 触发器[自由软体]

正體: 觸發；觸發器[電子計算機]


trigger

本詞語需要釋義。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


deserve

繼承自中古英語 deserven，來自古法語 deservir，來自拉丁語 dēserviō，來自dē- + serviō。

After playing so well, the team really deserved their win.

打得如此出色，这支球队确实配得上胜利。

After what he did, he deserved to go to prison.

他做了那样的事，就该坐牢。

This argument deserves a closer examination.

这一论点值得进一步研究。

God exacteth of thee less than thine iniquity deserveth.

神追討你，比你罪孽該得的還少。

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 11:6:

John Gay deserved to be a favourite.

1853, William Makepeace Thackeray, The English Humorists of the Eighteenth Century:

the grantees named in the questioned deed executed by their father richly deserved receiving the family home.

Perhaps they do, but they don't deserve that the rest of us contribute money or appropriate public funds for the purchase of pictures and the construction of buildings.

2008, Michael Walzer, Spheres Of Justice: A Defense Of Pluralism And Equality，第 24 頁:

That gentle Lady, whom I loue and serue, / After long suit and weary seruicis, / Did aske me, how I could her loue deserue, / And how she might be sure, that I would neuer swerue.

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book III, Canto VII”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

Pray you, lead on. At every house I'll call; / I may command at most. Get weapons, ho! / And raise some special officers of night. / On, good Roderigo: I'll deserve your pains.

约1603–1604年, 威廉·莎士比亚, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice [奥赛罗]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (第一对开本), 伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, (请用大写罗马数字指定剧本幕号，并用小写罗马数字指定剧本场号):

A man that hath / So well deserved me.

c. 1619–22, Philip Massinger and John Fletcher, A Very Woman


yardstick

码尺(指直尺)；标准；尺度


sociologist

/səʊsɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/

The great sociologist Zygmunt Bauman argued that philo-Semitism and anti-Semitism both fall under “allosemitism”: literally Othering the Jew. He defined it not as resentment of what is different, which is xenophobia, but rather of what defies order and clear categories. In 1997, he wrote, “The Jew is ambivalence incarnate. And ambivalence is ambivalence mostly because it cannot be contemplated without ambivalent feeling: it is simultaneously attractive and repelling.”

2020年January28日, Mairov Zonszein, “Christian Zionist philo-Semitism is driving Trump’s Israel policy”, 出自 The Washington Post:


yurt

(游牧区用兽皮或毛毡盖的)圆顶帐篷


whip

本詞語需要釋義。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


unicellular

Among unicellulars, the rate of increase is beyond belief.

1931, Ezra Bowen, An hypothesis of population growth:

In unicellulars the uncoupling of the various nutritional and energy sources is much more widely spread.

1986, Johan A J Metz, O Diekmann, The dynamics of physiologically structured populations

More or less distinct specialisation of reproductive elements in some unicellulars.

一些單細胞生物的生殖器官或多或少有明顯的特化。


supine

:< 中古英語 supin < 拉丁語 supinum、supinus。 语法中的“目的动名词”之意源自短语 supinum verbum。

more supine (comparative)
most supine (superlative)

得过且过的，苟安的，软弱的


supine

（拉丁语中的）目的动名词


rabies

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 rabiēs (“狂暴，瘋狂”)。rage 的同源對似詞。


worship

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


worship

worships
worshipping
worshiping
worshipped
worshiped
worshipt


virgin

:< 古法語 virgine < 拉丁語 virginem（主格 virgo）。


virgin

未开发的；原始状态的；天然的；未改变的；未触动的


vinegar

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


soybean

Athletes' use of herbal supplements has skyrocketed in the past two decades. At the top of the list of popular herbs are echinacea and ginseng, whereas garlic, St. John's wort, soybean, ephedra and others are also surging in popularity or have been historically prevalent.

2013年March20日, David S. Senchina, “Athletics and Herbal Supplements”, 出自 American Scientist, 第 101 卷, 第 2 期，於2013-05-16歸檔自原頁面，第 134 頁:


incentive

借自中世紀拉丁語 incentīvus (“起調或定調”)，來自incinō (“起調”)，來自in- (“在”) + canō (“唱”)。該詞的形成似乎受到incendō (“放火”)的影響。

I have no incentive to do housework right now.

It is tempting to speculate about the incentives or compulsions that might explain why anyone would take to the skies in [the] basket [of a balloon]: perhaps out of a desire to escape the gravity of this world or to get a preview of the next; […].

2013年June7日, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, 出自 The Guardian Weekly, 第 188 卷, 第 26 期，第 36 頁:

Management offered the sales team a $500 incentive for each car sold.


incentive

more incentive (comparative)
most incentive (superlative)

Part incentive reed / Provide, pernicious with one touch of fire.

1667, John Milton, “Book 6”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:


hassar

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


radioactive

於1898年由皮埃尔·居里和玛丽·居里借自法語 radio-actif所創的新詞，等同於radio- + active。

more radioactive (comparative)
most radioactive (superlative)

radioactive waste

Uranium is a radioactive material.

As a matter of fact many of our best drinking waters have all sorts of unspecified qualities. Burton water, for example, is radioactive by Beetham's standards up to the ninth degree.

1917, H. G. Wells, “The First Vision”, 出自 The Soul of a Bishop:

對人或思想有危險且令人厭惡的

Even sleazy tactics and his radioactive mouth may not be able to contain this debacle.

And while Biden’s other nominees have done little to provoke Republican backlash thus far, [Neera] Tanden is “radioactive,” as Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas) put it.

2020年November30日, Burgess Everett, Caitlin Emma, Theodoric Meyer, 引 John Cornyn, “Joe Biden's 'radioactive' nominee”, 出自 POLITICO:

If, by some miracle, Democrats hang on to one or both houses of Congress this November, it will be because of Cawthorn, Paul Gosar, Marjorie Taylor Greene, Lauren Boebert and other would-be G.O.P. candidates trying to be just like them — the Radioactive Republicans.

2022年April4日, Gail Collins, Bret Stephens, “Which ‘Radioactive Republicans’ Are We Betting On?”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:


radioactive

Any ship nearby will receive a lethal dose of gamma rays, neutrons, and other radioactives.

2016, Travis S. Taylor, Les Johnson, On to the Asteroid:


hydrargyrum

/haɪˈdɹɑːd͡ʒɪɹəm/


quartz

借自德語 Quarz，源自中古高地德語 quarz、twarc，源自某種西斯拉夫語支的語言（比較波蘭語 twardy (“硬的”)、捷克語 tvrdý (“硬的”)），源自原始斯拉夫語 *tvьrdъ。

The telescope and collimator have each an object-glass consisting of a single lens of quartz 1½ inch diameter and a focal length of 18½ inches for the sodium yellow light, but not more than 16 inches for the highest rays measured.

望遠鏡和準直器各有一個物鏡，由直徑1.5英寸的石英單透鏡組成，鈉黃光的焦距為18.5英寸，但測量的最高光線的焦距不超過16英寸。

1883, George Downing Liveing, James Dewar, “On the Ultra-Violet Spectra of the Elements”, 出自 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 第 174 卷, Barrison and Sons, part I，第 188 頁:

Subsequently, the old Malay brought him the present specimen in a state of torpidity, telling him he had found it in a cavity of the quartz reef.

1892年April20日, Armiger Barczinsky, “The Golden Snail”, 出自 Sylvanus Urban (pseudonym of Edward Cave) 編, The Gentleman's Magazine, 第 272 卷，第 331 頁:

My meat eats me. Who waits at the gate? / Mother of quartz, your words writhe into my ear. / Renew the light, lewd whisper.

1948, Theodore Roethke, “The Shape of the Fire”, 出自 The Lost Son and Other Poems:


yeast

引起騷動（或激動）的因素


Robert

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 Robert，源自古高地德語 Hrodperht（Ruodberht）在古古法蘭克語的同源詞，源自原始西日耳曼語 *Hrōþiberht，源自原始日耳曼語 *Hrōþiberhtaz (字面意思是“閃耀的榮譽”)。Rupert 的同源對似詞。

諾曼征服英格蘭以來，最常用的英語人名之一。

源自日耳曼語族的男性人名。

My brother Robert? Old Sir Robert's son? / Colbrand the giant, that same mighty man?

:Template:RQ:Shakespeare King John: Act I, Scene I:

I hadn't even considered names for a girl. Robby it would be. Robert Douglas. Where the Douglas came from is another story, but the Robert came from me because I liked the sound. Robert was formal, dignified, important. Robert. And that was nearly as nice as the chance I'd have to call my little brother Rob and Robby.

1984, John Edgar Wideman, Brothers and Keepers: A Memoir, Mariner Books, 出版於 2005, →ISBN，第 93 頁:


sphincter

借自晚期拉丁語 sphinctēr (“肛門肌肉”)，源自古希臘語 σφῐγκτήρ (sphinktḗr, “環，帶；收縮的肌肉”)，最終源自前希臘時期的底層語言 。可能與 sphinx 有關。

the sphincter of the bladder

the iris sphincter in the eye

She decided that she would force him to climax first by the sheer strength of her young animal control, the strength of her sphincters […]

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance (The Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber，第 836 頁:


strategic

自古希臘語 στρατός (stratós, “陸軍”) + ἄγω (ágō, “我領導；我組織”) 至 στρατηγός (stratēgós, “長官，將軍”) 至 στρατηγικός (stratēgikós, “將軍的；與將軍有關的」或「與策略有關的”) 而來。

more strategic (comparative)
most strategic (superlative)

（武器、戰爭或地方）戰略性的

a strategic nuclear weapon

a strategic bomber aircraft


prejudice

來自中古英語 prejudice，來自古法語 prejudice，來自拉丁語 praeiūdicium (“前例，前判；傷害，損害”)，來自prae- (“之前”) + iūdicium (“審判”)。

/ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/

Though often misled by prejudice and passion, he was emphatically an honest man.

1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 章號 7, 出自 The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, 第 (please specify |volume=I to V) 卷, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

I am free of all prejudices. I hate everyone equally.

我不帶任何歧視。我平等地恨每一個人。

[…] the first did in the forepart sit, / That nought mote hinder his quicke preiudize: / He had a sharpe foresight, and working wit […]

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book II, Canto IX”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

We both of us happen’d to know, as well as the Stationer, that Riddlesden the Attorney, was a very Knave. He had half ruin’d Miss Read’s Father by drawing him in to be bound for him. By his Letter it appear’d, there was a secret Scheme on foot to the Prejudice of Hamilton, (Suppos’d to be then coming over with us,) and that Keith was concern’d in it with Riddlesden. [...]

1793, Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, §20:

for no injury is thereby done to any one, no prejudice to another man's goods

1702, W. Popple (translator), John Locke, A Letter concerning Toleration […]


prejudice

/ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/

對（某人的地位、機會等）產生負面影響

引起偏見；使人的思想產生偏差


prejudice

/ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/


bornite

*斑铜矿
* 正體: 斑銅礦[電機工程]


specimen

來自拉丁語 specimen (“標記，標誌，範例”)，來自speciō (“觀察，注視”)。

樣本 樣鈔，供印刷廠測試或查驗印刷品質的紙幣

early specimens of the art of Picasso

To assure a defendant's acquittal, a lawyer usually needed only to convince the jury that the victim was a pretty sorry specimen of a human being.

2006, Bill Neal, Getting Away with Murder on the Texas Frontier:

樣本 樣票，給郵政局長和郵政管理部門的郵票，以便檢查是否為偽造郵票

early specimens of the art of Picasso

通常前面會加“fine”


pyridazine

哒嗪（两个氮原子在邻位的二嗪）。


pyrazine

（有机化学）吡嗪（两个氮原子在对位的二嗪）。化学式为C4H4N2。


collide

來自拉丁語 collidere (“撞击或碰撞在一起”)，來自com- (“一起”) + laedere (“打，猛力反抗，傷害”)；參見lesion。

When a body collides with another, then momentum is conserved.

当一个物体与另一个物体碰撞时，动量是守恒的。

Across this space the attraction urges them. They collide, they recoil, they oscillate.

1865, John Tyndall, The Constitution of the Universe (1869), page 14

And this friendly was not without its injury worries, with defender Gary Cahill substituted early on after a nasty, needless push by Dries Mertens that caused him to collide with goalkeeper Joe Hart, an incident that left the Chelsea defender requiring a precautionary X-ray at Wembley.

2012年June2日, Phil McNulty, “England 1-0 Belgium”, 出自 BBC Sport:

China collided with the modern world.

中國和現代世界發生了衝突。


tuberculosis

結核，肺結核（自1839年）

With smallpox gone, tuberculosis is today the deadliest infectious disease on the planet.

随着天花的消失，肺结核成为当今地球上最致命的传染病。

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020)，第 380 頁:


viagra

Viagra的另一種寫法


senile

1660年代借自法語 sénile，來自中古法語 senile，來自古法語 senile，來自拉丁語 senīlis (“屬於或與老年有關的”)，來自senex (“老人”)，源自原始印歐語 *sénos (“老的”)。

more senile (comparative)
most senile (superlative)

Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release systems— […]. Such a slow-release device containing angiogenic factors could be placed on the pia mater covering the cerebral cortex and tested in persons with senile dementia in long term studies.

2013 May-June, Charles T. Ambrose, “Alzheimer’s Disease”, 出自 American Scientist, 第 101 卷, 第 3 期，第 200 頁:

Her mother was senile, but they called it dementia now.

2019, Colson Whitehead, The Nickel Boys, Fleet，第 183 頁:


senile

Seniles differ markedly in their early adult intelligence level, and in their social, vocational, and educational histories.

1979, Oscar J. Kaplan, Psychopathology of Aging，第 54 頁:


broadcast

Japanese simultaneous interpreter and translator Eriko Sekiya in an NHK Radio studio, from which she broadcasts (verb sense 3) a programme on introductory business English
日本同聲傳譯家、翻譯家関谷英里子正在NHK演播室，她在此作客介紹商務英語初級課程的節目
Paddy being broadcast (verb sense 4) or sown by hand in Chaudwar, Odisha, India
印度奧里薩邦喬烏德瓦爾的手工播撒稻種
broad + cast。

more broadcast (comparative)
most broadcast (superlative)

And ſuch a double Sowing is of the greateſt Importance; for on the thick Growth of a Crop very much depends on the Bigneſs of it at Harveſt, becauſe, by ſuch a thick Growth, the Weeds are overcome and kept down from hurting the Oats; and, likewiſe, the Heats and Droughts kept the better out from parching up the Roots of the Oats, which, in too thin a Crop, often prove fatal to it; for, when Oats are ſown in the random or broadcaſt Way, there is no more Mold allowed their Roots than what the Harrows and Roll give them; which, at beſt, is but a ſuperficial and moſt thin Covering, and, therefore, the more liable to ſuffer by Droughts, which is different from the Way of ſowing Oats in Drills.

1744, William Ellis, “Of White Oats”, 出自 The Modern Husbandman: Or, The Practice of Farming: As it is Now Carried On by the Most Accurate Farmers in Several Counties of England. For the Month of April. [...], Dublin: Printed by and for George Faulkner, →OCLC，第 48–49 頁s:

They alleged that, as soon as the Opium Commission was appointed, the various anti-opium organisations began to be extremely active and a determined campaign was carried on against the use of the drug by the circulation of a mass of anti-opium literature and the broadcast distribution of handbills and pamphlets.

1923, Song Ong Siang, “The Tenth Decade (1909–19)：第一段”, 出自 One Hundred Years’ History of the Chinese in Singapore: […], London: John Murray, […], →OCLC，第 444 頁:

There must be action on and participation in broadcast methods of public education, face to face, in groups, or by use of the mails. This, however, is of secondary importance to the man-to-man job of education in care with fire in the woods.

1931 June, M. A. Mattoon, “Application of Methods to Minimize Human Risks and Physical Dangers”, 出自 Fire Handbook: Region Seven: United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC，第 8 頁:

For radio-transmission it has been found that certain passages of a rhythmical nature come out more clearly if wooden-headed sticks are used. The Timpani sometimes tend to sound blurred and even to have a blurring effect on the rest of the orchestral ensemble in broadcast music, when ordinary soft sticks are used in a strongly marked rhythm.

1946, Ch[arles]-M[arie] Widor, Edward Suddard, transl., “Percussion Instruments”, 出自 The Technique of the Modern Orchestra: A Manual of Practical Instrumentation, rev. and new版, London: Joseph Wiliams Limited, 29, Enford Street, Marylebone, W.1, →OCLC; reprinted Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 2005, →ISBN，第 208 頁:

通過電磁波傳輸訊息或信號的；廣播的

The new limitations would still prohibit foreigners from wholly or directly owning broadcast licensees, allowing only indirect ownership through a stake in a controlling parent of a broadcast licensee.

2013年November14日, Alina Selyukh, “U.S. FCC eases foreign investment limit for broadcast stations”, 出自 Reuters，於2017-08-16歸檔自原頁面:


broadcast

[O]n reporting to Captain Thrasher he informed me that his orders were to take a detachment of forty men across the French Broad River and turn them loose to wander broadcast over the country as a protection to foraging parties of quartermasters and commissaries, […]

1864年January15日, J[oseph] B[enjamin] Polley, “Some ‘Escape’ Stories”, 出自 A Soldier’s Letters to Charming Nellie, New York, N.Y., Washington, D.C.: The Neale Publishing Company, 出版於 1908, →OCLC，第 195 頁:

The commercial traveller, a personage unknown to antiquity, is one of the striking figures created by the manners and customs of our present epoch. […] Our century will bind the realm of isolated power, abounding as it does in creative genius, to the realm of universal but levelling might; equalizing all products, spreading them broadcast among the masses, and being itself controlled by the principle of unity,—the final expression of all societies.

1885, Honoré de Balzac, [Katherine Prescott Wormeley, transl.], “The Illustrious Gaudissart [Scenes from Provincial Life.]”, 出自 The Duchesse de Langeais: With An Episode under the Terror, The Illustrious Gaudissart, A Passion in the Desert, and The Hidden Masterpiece (The Comedy of Human Life), Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, 3 Somerset Street, →OCLC, chapter I，第 217 頁:

A special letter of warning against the ravages of the potato-tuber moth in the shape of a press notice has been sent broadcast to newspapers, as well as to others, throughout the country.

1913, F[rank] H[urlbut] Chittenden, “Protection of the Fall Crop and Seed Potatoes”, 出自 The Potato-tuber Moth (U.S. Department of Agriculture Farmers’ Bulletin; no. 557), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC，第 6 頁:

When [rape is] grown broadcast the superphosphate may be incorporated with the surface soil by the harrow when preparing the ground for the seed or in covering the same.

1893, Thomas Shaw, “Fertilizers for Rape”, 出自 The Rape Plant: Its History, Culture, and Uses (U.S. Department of Agriculture Farmers’ Bulletin; no. 11), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office; published by authority of the Secretary of Agriculture, →OCLC，第 15 頁:


broadcast

No one knows how long it will be until a broadcast from a studio in New York will be viewed in India as well as in Indiana, will be seen in the Congo as it is seen in Chicago. But as surely as we are meeting here today, that day will come; and once again our world will shrink.

1961 May 9, Newton Minow, "Television and the Public Interest":

After nearly 40 years of continuous broadcast in Hong Kong, a 24-hour transmission of the BBC World Service will go silent in the former British colony, replaced with programming from China's state radio channel. The move by Radio Television Hong Kong, owned by the local government, was meant to "enhance the cultural exchange between the mainland and Hong Kong", a spokesman said.

經歷40年不間斷的廣播，BBC國際頻道在香港的24小時傳輸將被中國國有電台頻道所取代，結束其在這片英國前殖民地的使命。受政府所管理的香港電台發言人稱，此次對BBC國際頻道的移除是為了“加強內地與香港之間的文化交流”。

2017年August13日, Benjamin Haas, “Radio silence: 24-hour broadcast of BBC World Service dropped in Hong Kong: After four decades in the former British colony, BBC World Service is to be mostly replaced with China’s state radio channel”, 出自 The Guardian, London，於2017-08-16歸檔自原頁面:

The DJ was feeling nervous before his first national broadcast.

這位DJ在第一次作客全國廣播節目前，顯得很緊張。

We interrupt this broadcast at the request of the police department to bring you the following special bulletin: The dead body of Miss Paula Canfield, missing student at Westlake University and daughter of the multi-millionaire Harold Canfield, has been found in the Arroyo Seco near the Colorado Street Bridge.

按照警方的要求，我們暫停本次廣播節目，並為您播報特別消息：近日失蹤的西湖大學學生、千萬富翁哈羅德·坎菲爾德先生的千金寶拉·坎菲爾德小姐的遺體，已於阿羅約塞科，靠近科羅拉多街橋的位置被發現。

1943, Wilfrid H. Pettitt, Nine Girls: A Play in Prologue and Two Acts, Chicago, Ill.: The Dramatic Publishing Company, →OCLC; 再版 Woodstock, Ill.: The Dramatic Publishing Company, 1971, →ISBN, Act I, scene i，第 15–16 頁s:

Radio Free Europe was established by a group of private citizens in December 1949, for the purpose of conducting a propaganda campaign against six Communist-dominated satellites in central and eastern Europe. […] Its program consisted of daily half-hour broadcasts, first to Czechoslovakia and then to Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria, Rumania, and Albania.

自由歐洲電台於1949年12月由私人團體建立，用於對中東歐的六個蘇聯衛星國進行政治宣傳。 […] 電台節目包括每天半小時的（對外宣傳）廣播節目，首先是對捷克斯洛伐克，後來擴展到匈牙利、波蘭、保加利亞、羅馬尼亞和阿爾巴尼亞。

1958, Robert T. Holt, “Introduction”, 出自 Radio Free Europe, Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota Press, →OCLC，第 3 頁:

Since my laſt, I went to ſee a piece of Daniel Fitch's, of Pluckley, Kent. He has two acres of broadcaſt, the oldeſt I have ever ſeen, ſown twenty years ago with barley, like clover.

1785, W. Belcher, “Observations on Lucerne”, 出自 Arthur Young (agriculturist) 編, Annals of Agriculture, and Other Useful Arts, 第 III 卷, 第 18 期, London: Printed for the editor, and sold by H. Goldney, No. 15, Paternoster-Row, →OCLC，第 433 頁:

It was stated by Mr. Miller, that the common method was, formerly, to sow the barley-seed with a broadcast at two sowings; the first being harrowed in once, but the second not until the seed is buried; […]

1807, “BARLEY”, 出自 The Complete Farmer; or, General Dictionary of Agriculture and Husbandry: Comprehending the Most Improved Methods of Cultivation; the Different Modes of Raising Timber, Fruit, and Other Trees; and the Modern Management of Live-stock: With Descriptions of the Most Approved Implements, Machinery, and Farm-buildings, 5th wholly re-written and enlarged版, London: Printed by Rider and Weed, Little Britain, for R. Baldwin [et al.], →OCLC，第 2 列:


broadcast

broadcasts
broadcasting
broadcast
broadcasted

過去式和過去分詞可用 broadcast 或 broadcasted，但 broadcast 更常用。截止2019年，Google Books 給出326,000個有關 "was broadcast"的結果，而"was broadcasted"的結果為12,900個。

When the boys reached the business section of Bayport they found that Jackley's confession had already become known. The local radio station had broadcast it in the afternoon news program and people everywhere were discussing it.

1927年June1日, Franklin W. Dixon [pseudonym: Leslie McFarlane], “A Surprise”, 出自 The Tower Treasure (The Hardy Boys; no. 1), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC:

Practicing vocational service to the limit of one's vision makes a difference whether an employer regards his employees as "robots or human beings"; it makes a difference in the kind of advertisements he publishes or broadcasts; it makes a difference how he reacts under pressure from a competitor; it makes a difference in the quality of his service.

1967 January, “Four Avenues of Service”, 出自 Adventure in Service (Pamphlet [Rotary International]; 52), Evanston, Ill., Zurich: Rotary International, →OCLC，第 69 頁:

The TV is broadcasting a FUZZY PICTURE that shows the weatherman from WVII, the Bango ABC affiliate.

1999 February, Stephen King, “Act 3”, 出自 Storm of the Century, trade paperback版, New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books, →ISBN，第 175 頁:

The state of Rhode Island was the scene, on October 30, 1974, of yet another scare involving an adaptation of The War of the Worlds. Broadcast on radio station WPRO, Providence, the drama frightened listeners across the state. The play began with reporters covering a "meteor crash" near Jamestown, the purported Martian landing site. […] City fire stations and other radio and TV outlets reported being inundated with inquiries from anxious callers, as was WPRO, which received more than a hundred calls.

2005, Robert E. Bartholomew, “Introduction”, 出自 H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, The War of the Worlds, New York, N.Y.: Cosimo Books, →ISBN，第 8 頁:

The Royal Shakespeare Company will today become the first theatre in the UK to broadcast Shakespeare direct into schools. A production of Richard II, starring David Tennant in the title role, is going to be streamed free of charge into classrooms up and down the country.

2013年November15日, “Shakespeare broadcast direct into schools for first time”, 出自 ITV News，於2017-06-13歸檔自原頁面:

將訊息傳播到廣大地區；（尤指）一次性將同一封電郵發給許多人

The break with imperialism and the liberation of Russia from the predatory war, the publication of the secret treaties and the solemn abrogation of the policy of seizing foreign soil, the proclamation of national freedom and the recognition of the independence of Finland, the declaration of Russia as a "Federation of Soviet National Republics" and the militant battle-cry of a resolute struggle against imperialism broadcast all over the world by the Soviet government in millions of pamphlets, newspapers, and leaflets in the mother tongues of the peoples of the East and West—all this could not fail to have its effect on the enslaved East and the bleeding West.

[1934], Joseph Stalin, “The October Revolution and the National Question”, 出自 The October Revolution: A Collection of Articles & Speeches (Marxist Library), London: Martin Lawrence, →OCLC, section III (The International Importance of the October Revolution)，第 15–16 頁s:

However, truth and lies can usually be confirmed or denied by speaking with eyewitnesses of events in order to verify what took place. The amount of time separating the event in question from when it was broadcasted also makes a difference.

2014, Greg[ory J.] Monette, The Wrong Jesus: Fact, Belief, Legend, Truth … Making Sense of What You’ve Heard, Colorado Springs, Colo.: NavPress in alliance with Tyndale House Publishers, →ISBN，第 178 頁:

Urban legend has it that someone is monitoring all those e-mails broadcast from your work address. Hard to imagine a more boring job but the truth is, and I shouldn't have to tell people this, the record of those e-mails is in a server somewhere and it can be monitored.

2016, Richard A. Moran, “That Permanent Record”, 出自 The Thing about Work: Showing Up and Other Important Matters: A Worker’s Manual, Brookline, Mass.: Bibliomotion, →ISBN:

She [Françoise Dolto] is most well known in France for her broadcasts on France-Inter, Lorsque l'enfant parait; she broadcasted for twelve minutes every day of the week for two years, answering parents' questions.

2009, Sian Morgan, “Françoise Dolto: A Biography”, 出自 Theory and Practice in Child Psychoanalysis: An Introduction to the Work of Françoise Dolto, London: Karnac Books, →ISBN，第 22 頁:

I ſhall content myſelf, […] to ſay that the ſeed ſhoud be ſown in the garden, or very good ground, in rows, or broadcaſt, and as ſoon as the plants are of the ſize of a gooſe-quill, to be tranſplanted in rows of eighteen inches diſtance, and eighteen inches apart, one plant from the other: […]

1789, Thomas Boothby Parkyns, “Some Account of the Racine de Disette, or Root of Scarcity, of Its Utility, and the Mode of Treating It; from a Letter of Thomas Boothby Parkyns, Esq., Addressed to the Secretary of the above-mentioned Society [the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce].—From the Same Work [vol. 5 of the Transactions of the Society].”, 出自 The Annual Register, or A View of the History, Politics, and Literature, London: Printed for J[ames] Dodsley, in Pall-Mall, →OCLC，第 80 頁，第 1 列:

I wanted to grow my own cut flowers for the big day so three months earlier I broadcasted an annual seed mix across a few recently cleared borders.

2013年November9日, Sarah Price, “Breathing new life into an old garden [print edition: New life, old garden]”, 出自 The Daily Telegraph (Gardening), London，於2016-05-15歸檔自原頁面，第 G1 頁:


avid

來自法語 avide，來自拉丁語 avidus (“渴望的，想要的；貪婪的”)，來自aveō (“想，渴望，請求”)。

more avid (comparative)
avider (comparative)
most avid (superlative)
avidest (superlative)

（對某事物表現岀） 感興趣的；熱衷的，忠實的；熱切的

I'm an avid reader.

an avid fan of 1960s sci-fi movies

1960年代科幻片的狂熱影迷。

A blanket disdain for indigenous foods doesn't explain the delay, because Spain was avid to adopt a different New World root.

1999, Larry Zuckerman, The Potato: How the Humble Spud Rescued the Western World:

We waited for something to happen, for anything to happen, we were avid for some event to unfold itself out of the burning nothing to save us.

1996, Janette Turner Hospital, Oyster, Virago Press，第 3 頁:


versus

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-versus.wav

v

用於法庭案件的標題，表示原告控訴被告

v.

用於法庭案件的標題，表示原告控訴被告

It is the Packers versus the Steelers in the Super Bowl.

這場是綠灣包裝工對陣匹茲堡鋼人的超級盃比賽。

In polling by the Pew Research Center in November 2008, fully half the respondents thought the two parties would cooperate more in the coming year, versus only 36 percent who thought the climate would grow more adversarial.

在皮尤研究中心於2008年11月進行的民意調查中，有一半的受訪者認為兩黨在接下來的一年會更多合作，而只有36%的人認為氛圍會變得更對立。

2012年November7日, Matt Bai, “Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, 出自 New York Times [紐約時報]:

If, for example, we select random people entering a workout gym, versus if we pick random people entering a hospital, we will get very different samples.

例如，如果我們選擇進入健身房的隨機人群，與選擇進入醫院的隨機人群相比，我們將得到非常不同的樣本。

2005, Robert E. Weiss, Modeling Longitudinal Data, Springer, →ISBN，第 104 頁:

用於法庭案件的標題，表示原告控訴被告

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kans.


fret

源自中古英語 frēten (“吃，侵蝕，摧毀，煩擾”)，源自古英語 fretan (“吃掉，吞噬；破裂，爆裂”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *fraetan，源自原始日耳曼語 *fraetaną (“消耗，吞食，吃掉”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *fra- (“完全，完整”)（源自原始印歐語 *pro- (“朝著，向前”)）+ *etaną (“吃”)（源自原始印歐語 *h₁ed- (“吃”)）。
與荷蘭語 vreten、fretten (“吞食，狼吞虎嚥”)、低地德語 freten (“吃掉”)、德語 fressen (“吞食，狼吞虎嚥”)、哥特語 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (fraitan, “吞食”)、瑞典語 fräta (“吃掉，侵蝕，腐蝕”)同源；亦與丹麥語 fråse (“狼吞虎嚥”)有關。
“摩擦”之義可能是因與盎格魯-諾曼語 *freiter（現代法語 fretter (方言)）的音近而混同，其源自通俗拉丁語 *frictāre，是拉丁語 fricāre的反覆體，源自fricō (“摩擦”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *bʰreyH- (“切割”)；對比古法語 froter（現代法語 frotter）。來源推測的主要阻礙是缺少古法語詞彙的證明。

frets
fretting
fretted
fret
frate
fretted
fretten

Their hearts alreadie fretted and cankered at the very roote, for the last disgrace received.

1609, Ammianus Marcellinus, Philemon Holland, transl., 章號 XIV, 出自 The Roman Historie, containing Such Acts and Occurrents as Passed under Constantius, Iulianus, Iovianus, Valentinianus, and Valens, Emperours, book IX, London: Printed by Adam Islip, →OCLC，第 322 頁:

And could we let a Light into their Bosoms, we should see them generally fretted and cankered with this secret and corroding Venom.

1727–1728, Mather Byles [et al.], 編者Bruce [Ingham] Granger, Proteus Echo (1727–28): A Series of Essays and Poems [...] that Appeared in the New-England Weekly Journal [...] (History of Psychology Series; 420), Delmar, N.Y.: Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, 出版於 1986, →ISBN，第 75 頁:

A Perſon of Honour, of a full Body abounding with ſharp Humours, was ſeized with an Herpes on his right Leg. [...] [I]t inflamed and ſwelled very much, many Wheals aroſe, and fretted one into another, with great Excoriation.

1676, Richard Wiseman, “[A Treatise of Tumors.] Of an Herpes”, 出自 Severall Chirurgical Treatises, London: Printed by E. Flesher and J[ohn] Macock, for R[ichard] Royston bookseller to His Most Sacred Majesty, and B[enjamin] Took at the Ship in St. Paul's Church-yard, →OCLC，第 80 頁:

We sometimes perform an operation on the under lip [...] in consequence of / Cancer Labii [cancer of the lips], / Which disease generally arises from the use of a pipe, and the manner in which it happens is this:—the adhesive nature of the clay of which the pipe is made, causes it to adhere to the lip; at length the cuticle becomes torn off, and the continued irritation frets the sore into true cancerous disease.

1823–1824, A[stley Paston] Cooper, “Lecture LII”, 出自 The Lancet. [...] In Two Volumes, 3rd版, 第 II 卷, London: Knight and Lacey, Paternoster-Row; and G. L. Hutchinson, the Lancet office, Strand, 出版於 1826, →OCLC，第 100–101 頁s:

使躁動，使不平靜，激起漣漪

to fret the surface of water

Yorke hereupon conſults with his ſpeciall friends; [...] how Yorke might get the Crowne of England, and for that cauſe how to ruine or fret out the Duke of Sommerſet; who ſtanding, they were to looke for ſtrong oppoſition.

1611, John Speed, “Henrie the Sixth, King of England, and France, Lord of Ireland: The Three and Fiftieth Monarch of England, His Raigne, Actes, and Issve”, 出自 The History of Great Britaine under the Conquests of ye Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans. [...], Imprinted at London: [By William Hall and John Beale] [...] and are to be solde by Iohn Sudbury & Georg Humble, in Popes-head alley at ye signe of ye white Horse, →OCLC; 再版 London: Printed by Iohn Beale, for George Hvmble, and are to be sold in Popes-head Pallace, at the signe of the White Horse, 1614, →OCLC, book 9, paragraph 55，第 665 頁，第 1 列:

We are all hurrying down the one common stream to the great ocean of eternity: but are we performing our social duties, as citizens of the world, in sculking away into holes and corners, to fret out time and life, because God has judged fit to withdraw the favourite toy he lent us—not making us destitute—but graciously leaving in our keeping, ten thousand toys beside.

1835, Louisa Sidney Stanhope, “Conclusion”, 出自 Sydney Beresford. A Tale of the Day. [...] In Three Volumes, 第 III 卷, London: Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper, Paternoster-Row, →OCLC，第 274 頁:

The Mines are cold where the outward Air comes in; but where not, warm. The greateſt trouble they have is by duſt, which ſpoileth their Lungs and Stomachs, and frets their Skins.

1677, Edward Browne, “A Journey from Vienna in Austria to Hamburg”, 出自 An Account of Several Travels through a Great Part of Germany: In Four Journeys. [...], London: Printed for Benj[amin] Tooke, and are to be sold at the sign of the Ship in St. Paul's Church-yard, →OCLC，第 136 頁:

You may see the surges wear and fret away the basement of the cliff against which they dash themselves, and the mass of broken rock falls into the depth and disappears, and then it is carried away by the tide as it retires.

1881, Frederick W[illiam] Robertson, “The Peace of God”, 出自 “The Human Race” and Other Sermons Preached at Cheltenham, Oxford, and Brighton, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Franklin Square, →OCLC，第 233 頁:

In all the present cases it is the aortic valves that are the source of the mischief. Vegetations, massive, tough, and often calcareous have formed upon these valves, and as they were drive to and fro by the blood-stream have fretted the parts with which they came into contact, and aneurysm at these spots has been the frequent result.

1886年January5日, Samuel West, “Some Aneurysms of the Heart, Many of the Cases Exhibiting the Effects of Erosion”, 出自 Transactions of the Pathological Society of London, 第 XXXVII (Comprising the Report of the Proceedings for the Session 1885–86) 卷s, London: Smith, Elder & Co., 15, Waterloo Place, →OCLC，第 159 頁:

Fret not thy ſelfe becauſe of euill doers, neither bee thou enuious againſt the workers of iniquitie.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 37:1:

A wristband frets on the edges.

This, as Maury remarks, "suggested the idea that there was no running water nor abrading forces at play upon the bed of the deep sea, and consequently, if ever an electric cord were lodged upon the telegraphic plateau, there it would lie in cold abstraction; without anything to fret, chafe or wear, save alone the tooth of time."

1893, A[lexander] Fraser-Macdonald, “The North Atlantic Viewed as a Region Traversed by Our Ocean Railways”, 出自 Our Ocean Railways: Or, The Rise, Progress, and Development of Ocean Steam Navigation, London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC，第 239 頁:

Had Carry preferred mere wealth, weighed by such a master, to the congenial spirit of her former lover? It fretted the young man even to think of such a possibility. And the visitors had fretted him each in some special point.

1882 June, [Margaret Oliphant], “The Ladies Lindores.—Part III.”, 出自 Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, 第 CXXXI (American edition, volume XCIV) 卷, 第 DCCC 期, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Co., 41 Barclay Street, →OCLC, chapter VII，第 708 頁，第 2 列:

Of all the queer collections of humans outside of a crazy asylum, it seemed to me this sanitarium was the cup winner. But, after all, I shouldn't have expected nothing different. When you're well enough off so's you don't have to fret about anything but your heft or your diseases you begin to get queer, I suppose.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, 章號 5, 出自 Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D. Appleton and Company, →OCLC, →OL，第 115–116 頁s:

Recruits have also fretted that the shares included in their offer letters could quickly become devalued if Mr. Musk succeeded in taking Twitter private.

2022年April25日, Kate Conger, “Twitter Employees Search for Answers as Musk Deal Takes Shape”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:

Rancour frets in the malignant breast.

Beyond Tabor, the ſmall river Luſchnitze frets over craggy rocks, covered with thick woods, through which you continue your journey for three German miles, [...]

1789, John Gillies, 章號 II, 出自 A View of the Reign of Frederick II. of Prussia; with a Parallel between the Prince and Philip II. of Macedon, Printed for A[ndrew] Strahan, and T[homas] Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC，第 142 頁:

And mid-way through the channel met / Conflicting tides that foam and fret, / And high their mingled billows jet, / As spears, that, in the battle set, / Spring upward as they break.

1815, Walter Scott, “The Lord of the Isles”, 出自 The Poetical Works of Walter Scott: Complete in One Volume, Frankfurt: Printed by and for H. L. Brœnner, 出版於 1826, →OCLC, canto I，第 130 頁:

The sea frets itself around it [South Stack, Wales, UK] and gurgles in the cavern; ledges and reefs abut on it.

1891 June, William H[enry] Rideing, “Safety on the Atlantic”, 出自 Scribner’s Magazine, 第 IX 卷, 第 6 期, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner's Sons; London: F[rederick] Warne & Co., →OCLC，第 700 頁，第 2 列:

It is important to allow beer to flatten, after it has ceased working. This is accomplished by leaving the casks open, when the small floating particles of yeast part with their fixed air, lose their buoyancy, and sink to the bottom. [...] The beer having thus deposited its remaining yeast will not be liable to fret.

1856, “The Art of Brewing”, 出自 The Brewer: A Familiar Treatise on the Art of Brewing, with Directions for the Selection of Malt and Hops, &c., &c.: Instructions for Making Cider and British Wines: Also, a Description of the New and Improved Brewing Saccharometer and Slide Rule, with Full Instructions for Their Use, London: William R[obert] Loftus, 6, Beaufoy Terrace, Edgeware Road, →OCLC，第 50 頁:


fret

Now though Cider uſed in my Method ſhould not ferment at all, till it come into the Bottle, and then but a little; yet the Cauſe of Fermentation being in a great Degree taken away, the reſt can do no conſiderable Harm to thoſe who drink it, [...] It is in your Power to give the Cider juſt as much fret as you pleaſe, and no more; and that by ſeveral ways: For either you may bottle it ſooner or later, as you pleaſe: Or you may bottle it from two Taps in your Veſſel, and that from the higher Tap will have leſs Fret, and the lower more: [...]

1724, Paul Neile, “Sir Paul Neile’s Discourse of Cider”, 出自 John Evelyn, Silva: Or, A Discourse of Forest-trees, and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesty’s Dominions: [...] In Two Books. [...], 5th版, London: Printed for J. Walthoe [et al.], →OCLC，第 91 頁:

The place was a little below Gravesend, quite out of the fret and bustle of the narrower river, and there was not even a steamboat pier to disturb the quiet of this cluster of harmless houses, though they watched upon their beach the passage of great navies down the greatest thoroughfare of England.

1857, [Margaret Oliphant], “The First Day”, 出自 The Days of My Life. An Autobiography. [...] In Three Volumes, 第 III 卷, London: Hurst and Blackett, publishers, successors to Henry Colburn, 13, Great Marlborough Street, →OCLC，第 4 頁:

When the pitching heat is high, and the yeast is of a good quality and in sufficient abundance, the fermentation proceeds so rapidly and with such energy that it becomes ungovernable; some means must therefore be employed to check the heat. For this purpose coils of pipe, through which water circulates, are fitted up in the tun. Unless this is done the whole of the glutinous constituents of the gyle is not removed in the yeast, and the liquor does not cleanse satisfactorily, in consequence of an after fermentation which sets in, which is technically known as the "fret."

1877, “BEER”, 出自 Encyclopædia of Chemistry Theoretical, Practical, and Analytical as Applied to the Arts and Manufactures, 第 I (Acetic Acid – Gas) 卷s, Philadelphia, Pa.: J. B. Lippincott & Co., →OCLC，第 315 頁，第 2 列:

He keeps his mind in a continual fret.

他的思想一直處於焦躁狀態。

It was our good fortune last autumn to escape from the feverish excitement and moral tension of this vast metropolis, from the hurry and fret of business, the glut of pleasure, the satiety of delight, the weariness of politics, and the exhausting duties of our critical function, into that favoured corner of our fortunate island, the West of England; [...]

1836 December, “Art. IX. Transactions of the Institute of British Architects. Vol. I. Part I. London, 1836.”, 出自 John Taylor Coleridge 編, The Quarterly Review, 第 LVIII 卷, 第 CXVI 期, London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, →OCLC，第 524 頁:

And the preacher who delivered the discourse went home and fretted; his wife, children and servants being witnesses. Sanctification takes the spirit of fret out of the heart.

1897, B[everly] Carradine, The Sanctified Life, Cincinnati, Oh.: Office of the Revivalist, →OCLC，第 192 頁:

After their introduction to Orlando, Celia wonders why Rosalind should be so morose ([William Shakespeare's As You Like It,] I.iii.10–19): [...] In her effort to cheer Rosalind, Celia compares these frets to burs, meaning the rough and prickly flowerheads: "They are but burs, cousin, thrown upon thee in holiday foolery."

1980, Renaissance Papers, Durham, N.C.: Southeastern Renaissance Conference, →ISSN, →OCLC，第 50 頁:

Vesiculæ, or vesicles, are small, circumscribed elevations of the scarf-skin, containing serum, at first (both in their coats and contents) transparent, afterwards white and opaque, and terminating in the formation of scurf or thin scales. Under this head are ranged varicella (chicken-pox), sudamina, eczema (red fret), herpes (fret), scabies (itch).

1860, Robert J[acob] Jordan, 章號 I, 出自 Skin Diseases and Their Remedies, London: John Churchill, New Burlington Street, →OCLC, book I (Diseases of the Skin)，第 57 頁:

To cure Gripes in Horses. This disorder goes by different names in different districts of the country; as fret, from the uneasiness attending it; bots, from its being thought to arise from these animals or worms, etc. [...] In speaking of the medicine for gripes, or the flatulent colic sometimes termed fret, Mr. White mentions, domestic remedies may be employed when proper medicines cannot be procured in time.

1867年April25日, [Colin Mackenzie], “Farriery”, 出自 Mackenzie’s Ten Thousand Receipts, in All the Useful and Domestic Arts; Constituting a Complete and Practical Library, [...], new, carefully revised and re-written版, Philadelphia, Pa.: T. Ellwood Zell & Company, Nos. 17 & 19 South Sixth Street，第 112–113 頁s:

Then we obſerve the Frets in the Banks of Rivers that are newly made by any great Land-Flood, which uſually are then very clean, to ſee, if happily we can diſcover any metalline Stones in the Sides and Bottoms thereof, together with the Caſt of the Country (i.e. any earth of a different colour from the reſt of the Bank), which is a great help to direct us, which ſide or hill to ſearch into.

1716, “[The Tin Mines in Devonshire and Cornwal] [marginal note]”, 出自 John Lowthorp 編, The Philosophical Transactions, and Collections, to the End of the Year 1700, Abridg’d and Dispos’d under General Heads, 第 II (Containing All the Physiological Papers) 卷, London: Printed for Robert Knaplock, at the Bishop's-Head; Richard Wilkin, at the King's-Head; and Henry Clements, at the Half-Moon in St. Paul's Church-yard, →OCLC，第 566 頁:


fret

來自中古英語 frēten (“裝飾”)，來自古法語 freté、freter、fretter (“裝飾”)，來自古法語 fret（來自fraindre (“打破”)，來自拉丁語 frangō (“破壞，粉碎”)，來自原始意大利語 *frangō，源頭來自原始印歐語 *bʰreg- (“破壞”)）+ 古法語 -er (動詞形後綴)（來自拉丁語 -āre，源頭來自原始印歐語 *h₃enh₂- (“重壓”)）。

Went to visit our good neighbor, Mr. Bohun, whose whole house is a cabinet of all elegancies, especially Indian; [...] [A]bove all, his lady's cabinet is adorned on the fret, ceiling, and chimney-piece with Mr. Gibbons's best carving.

1682年July30日, John Evelyn, 編者William Bray, The Diary of John Evelyn: Edited from the Original MSS. [...] In Two Volumes (Universal Classics Library), 第 II 卷, New York, N.Y., London: M. Walter Dunne, publisher, 出版於 1901, →OCLC，第 170 頁:

Remove spills from grill frets with a cloth and brush the frets with a stiff brush when dry and cold.

1943, Homes and Gardens, 第 25 卷, London: [s.n.], 出版於 1944, →OCLC，第 40 頁:

Square unit of nondescript frets which interlace in the centre to form a cruciform shape.

2007, Nancy Edwards, A Corpus of Early Medieval Inscribed Stones and Stone Sculpture in Wales, 第 2 (South-west Wales) 卷, Cardiff, Wales: University of Wales Press, →ISBN，第 136 頁:

與菱形圖案交錯的X形十字

DIAPERED, or Diapre, in heraldry, the dividing of a field in planes, like fret-work, and filling the ſame with variety of figures. This chiefly obtains on bordures, which are diapered or fretted over, and the frets charged with things proper for bordures.

1764, Temple Henry Croker, Thomas Williams, Samuel Clark [et al.], “DIAPERED”, 出自 The Complete Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, 第 I 卷, London: Printed for the authors, and sold by J. Wilson & J. Fell, Pater-noster Row; [et al.], →OCLC:


fret

（尤指用交錯或交織的圖案）裝飾； 用雕刻或浮雕裝飾

The sun shone brilliantly through the trembling leaves, birds of many colors flitted from spray to spray, butterflies and bright insects crossed the fretted work of light and shade.

1882年July29日, J. Henry Shorthouse, “The Marquis Jeanne Hyacinth De St. Palaye [from Macmillan’s Magazine]”, 出自 Littel’s Living Age, 第 XXXIX (Fifth Series; volume CLIV overall) 卷, 第 1988 期, Boston, Mass.: Littel & Co., →OCLC, section V，第 228 頁，第 1 列:


fret

來自中古英語 freten (“捆”)，來自古法語 freter，來自frete (“金屬包頭”)（現代法語 frette）。用來表示音樂意思的源頭未知；可能來自 frete 或來自 fret（摩擦）。

The long-necked Egyptian Nefer was certainly depicted in the 4th dynasty; and wall-painting of the time of Moses, preserved in the British Museum, shows that it then had frets.

1880, A. J. H[ipkins], “LUTE”, 出自 George Grove 編, A Dictionary of Music and Musicians (A.D. 1450–1880) [...] In Three Volumes, 第 II 卷, London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC，第 175 頁，第 2 列:

The frets of the lute marked whole tones, while those of the guitar were a semi-tone apart.

1916, “History of the Orchestra”, 出自 Daniel Gregory Mason, editor-in-chief, Benjamin Lambord 編, The Orchestra and Orchestral Music (The Art of Music: A Comprehensive Library of Information for Music Lovers and Musicians; 8), New York, N.Y.: The National Society of Music, →OCLC, section III，第 69 頁:


fret

音樂方面的意思： 在（樂器）上裝上品

to fret a guitar

音樂方面的意思： 將琴弦壓在品的後面


fret

來自拉丁語 fretum (“航道，海峽”)。

The river Velino, after having found its way from among the rocks where it falls, runs into the Nera. The channel of this laſt river is white with rocks, and the ſurface of it, for a long ſpace, covered with froth and bubbles; for it runs all along upon the fret, and is ſtill breaking againſt the ſtones that oppoſe its paſſage: [...]

1721, Joseph Addison, “Pesaro, Fano, Senigallia, Ancona, Loretto, &c. to Rome”, 出自 The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq, 第 II (Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703) 卷s, London: Printed for Jacob Tonson, at Shakespear's-Head, over-against Katherine-street in the Strand, →OCLC，第 56 頁:


fret

來自古法語 frete、fraite、fraicte，可能部分和fret (“航道，海峽”)混淆。


fret

最早見於1800年代中期，起源未知。可能與fret (“在……上面形成圖案”)、fret (“吞噬”, 指大霧籠罩陸地) 或 fret (“使水面激起漣漪”, 指將霧吹向內陸的風) 等相關；語義上對照haar (“冷風；縹緲的風；霧，迷霧”)。而方言中拼寫也作 freet，發音讀作 /fɹit/，這個現象在詞源1中也有發現。

The wind brings a fret off the ocean; not cold, but achingly damp.

2008, Trezza Azzopardi, Winterton Blue: A Novel，第 14 頁:


peel

源自中古英語 pelen，源自古英語 pilian、古法語 peler、pellier，源自拉丁語 pilō, pilāre (“剝皮，去除……的毛髮”)，源自pilus (“頭髮，毛髮”)。pill 的同源對似詞。

I sat by my sister's bed, peeling oranges for her.

我坐在姊/妹的床上，給她削橙子吃。

I peeled (the skin from) a banana and ate it hungrily.

我剝開香蕉皮，狼吞虎嚥地吃起香蕉來。

We peeled the old wallpaper off in strips where it was hanging loose.

我們把鬆垮的舊墻紙扯下來。

I had been out in the sun too long, and my nose was starting to peel.

我站在陽光下太長時間，鼻子開始脫皮了。

The children peeled by the side of the lake and jumped in.

孩子們在湖邊脫下衣服，跳進湖裡。


peel

一種去除死皮的化妝工具。

一種鏟形工具，用來從烤箱中取出麵包或披薩。


peel

源自中古英語 peel、pele，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 pel（對比現代法語 pieu），源自拉丁語 pālus (“樁”)。pole和pale 的同源對似詞。


peel

源自古法語 pele（現代法語 pelle），源自拉丁語 pāla，基於plangere (“固定”)。pala 的同源對似詞。

一種鏟形工具，用來從烤箱中取出麵包或披薩。

一種T形工具，印刷工人和裝訂工人用其來懸掛晾乾濕紙頁。


peel

擊球使該球和對方的球同時離開得分區


peel

擊球使該球和對方的球同時離開得分區


peel

來自Walter H. Peel（19世紀有名的槌球玩家）的外號。


peel

源自古法語 piller (“搶掠”)。

O conſider my caſe, moſt blisfull Queen, […] Diſpell thoſe Clouds which hover 'twixt my King and his higheſt Counſell, […] that my great Law-making Court be forced to turn no more to polemicall Committees, […] but that they may come again to the old Parliamentary Rode, To the path of their Predeceſſours, to conſult of means how to ſweep away thoſe Cobwebs that hang in the Courts of Juſtice, and to make the Laws run in their right Channell; to retrench exceſſive fees, and finde remedies for the future, that the poor Client be not ſo peeled by his Lawyer, and made to ſuffer by ſuch monſtrous delays, that one may go from one Tropick to the other, and croſſe the Equinoctiall twenty times, before his ſute be done; […]

1645, James Howell, “England’s Tears, for the Present Wars, which for the Nature of the Quarrel, the Quality of the Strength, the Diversity of Battels, Skirmishes, Encounters, and Sieges, (Happened in so Short a Compasse of Time) Cannot be Parallel’d in Any Precedent Age”, 出自 ΔΕΝΔΡΟΛΟΓΊΑ [DENDROLOGIA]: Dodona’s Grove, or The Vocall Forrest. The Third Edition More Exact and Perfect than the Former; with the Addition of Two Other Tracts: viz. Englands Tears for the Present Wars. And The Pre-eminence of Parlements, 3rd版, Cambridge: Printed by R. D. for Humphrey Moseley, and are to be sold at his shop at the Prince's Arms in S. Pauls Church-yard, →OCLC，第 189 頁:


peel

源自古法語 piller (“搶掠”)。

peal (“小隻或年輕的鮭魚”)的另一種寫法


peel

源自古法語 piller (“搶掠”)。

peal的拼寫錯誤：聲音響亮。

Oh ! still for me let merry bells peel out their holy chime;

1825 June 25, "My Village Bells", in The Circulator of Useful Knowledge, Literature, Amusement, and General Information number XXVI, available in, 1825, The Circulator of Useful Amusement, Literature, Science, and General Information, page 401,

The lights flashed, the crowds sang,... bells peeled, bombs thundered,... and the new Century made its triumphant entry.

1901 January 1, "Twentieth Century's Triumphant Entry", The New York Times, page 1,

As the tiny Virgin... approaches one of the barrio churches, bells peel vigorously, a brass band launches into a fast-paced tune, and large rockets zoom... .

2006, Miles Richardson, Being-In-Christ and Putting Death in Its Place, Louisiana State University Press, ISBN 0807132047, pages 230–231,


swing

at church every time the doors swing open

[简体]:"摆动,摇动,飘移"[通信]

[正體]:擺動，搖動，動盪，針，最大擺動，擺幅，回轉，轉向，頻移[通訊]


swing

what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


conversation

繼承自中古英語 conversacioun，來自古法語 conversacion及其同源詞，拉丁語 conversātiōnem，conversātiō (“會話”)的賓格單數，來自conversor (“駐足，陪伴”)。
型態分析為converse + -ation。

[ˌkʰɒɱ.vəˈseɪ.ʃn̩]

[ˌkʰɑɱ.vɚˈseɪ.ʃn̩]

banter

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

chat

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

chinwag

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

dialogue

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

discussion

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

interlocution

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

powwow

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

table talk

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

understanding

對特定主題、想法、研究領域等的參與（16–18世紀）

familiarity

對特定主題、想法、研究領域等的參與（16–18世紀）

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

I had an interesting conversation with Nicolas yesterday about how much he's getting paid.

昨天我与尼古拉斯就他的薪水进行了一次有趣的谈话。

Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace: the first apt to give stiffness, the other suppleness: one gives substance and form to the statue, the other polishes it.

1699, William Temple, Heads designed for an essay on conversations:

When this conversation was repeated in detail within the hearing of the young woman in question, and undoubtedly for his benefit, Mr. Trevor threw shame to the winds and scandalized the Misses Brewster then and there by proclaiming his father to have been a country storekeeper.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年）, Winston Churchill, 章號 5, 出自 The Celebrity: An Episode, 紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

A little less conversation, a little more action please / All this aggravation ain't satisfactioning me

1968, Mac Davis, Billy Strange （作曲作詞）, “A Little Less Conversation”, 演出者 Elvis Presley:

處理交易時系統之間基於協議的互動（自20世紀）

與他人的商業或交際；與他人交易（14世紀–18世紀）

行為，舉止；生活方式（自14世紀）

Let your conversation be without covetousness; and be content with such things as ye have: for he hath said, I will never leave thee, nor forsake thee.

你們存心不可貪愛錢財；要以自己所有的為足；因為主曾說：『我總不撇下你，也不丟棄你。』

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Hebrews 13:5:

There are many that take no heed what happeneth to others by bad conversation, and therefore overthrow themselves in the same manner through their own fault, not foreseeing dangers manifest.

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:

性交（16世紀–19世紀）

criminal conversation

Ariadne[…]quitted her Lover Theseus, for the tumultuous Conversation of Bacchus.

1723, Charles Walker, Memoirs of the Life of Sally Salisbury:

Our travellers had happened to take up their residence at a house of exceeding good repute, whither Irish ladies of strict virtue, and many northern lasses of the same predicament, were accustomed to resort in their way to Bath. The landlady therefore would by no means have admitted any conversation of a disreputable kind to pass under her roof. Indeed, so foul and contagious are all such proceedings, that they contaminate the very innocent scenes where they are committed, and give the name of a bad house, or of a house of ill repute, to all those where they are suffered to be carried on.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, 第 (please specify |volume=I to VI) 卷, London: A[ndrew] Millar […], →OCLC:
 Folio Society 1973, p. 333:

對特定主題、想法、研究領域等的參與（16–18世紀）

So grosse is our conuersation, and dull is our apprehension: while mortall Sense, in vs, ruleth the common wealth of our litle world.

1570, John Dee, in H. Billingsley (trans.) Euclid, Elements of Geometry, Preface:


conversation

[ˌkʰɒɱ.vəˈseɪ.ʃn̩]

[ˌkʰɑɱ.vɚˈseɪ.ʃn̩]

Gone now are the "high-minded" style, the "adapted from literature" feel, the voice-over narration, and the abstract conversationing about ideas, values...

1983, James Frederick Mason, Hélène Joséphine Harvitt, The French review:

...he has breakfasted me, dined me, conversationed me, absolutely caressed me. He has been really most kind and paternal...

1989, Robert L Gale, A Henry James encyclopedia:

After all this conversationing, Scottie, my usual dance partner, was getting antsy and wanted to dance.

2002, Georgie Nickell, I Only Smoke on Thursdays:


gemma

分芽子；一小團之植物性組織；葉狀體植物之向外生者。


desk

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


cheque

I was not carrying cash, so I wrote a cheque for the amount.

我没有带现金，所以我写了一张支票。

They do not, however, all deal with the same banker, and when A gives a cheque to B, B usually pays it not into the same but into some other bank.

然而，他们并不都与同一家银行打交道，当 A 给 B 一张支票时，B 通常不是将支票存入同一家银行，而是存入另一家银行。

1848, John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy [政治經濟學原理], 出版於 1920，第 62 頁:

Sometimes abbreviations are used (which would be explained on the statement) and only the last three figures of the cheque number may be given. ‘Sundries’ are cash or cheques paid into the account.
有时会使用缩写（会在声明中解释），并且只能提供支票号码的最后三位数字。“杂项”是指存入账户的现金或支票。

1999, Sam Seunarine, Office Procedures for the Caribbean, 2nd edition, reprinted 2001, page 126,

You can avoid dealing with paper cheques — written or printed — by paying your bills online.

您可以通过在线支付账单来避免处理纸质支票——无论是手写的还是印刷的。

2007, Eric Tyson, Tony Martin, Personal Finance for Canadians for Dummies:

The daily cheque clearings began around 1770 when bank clerks met at the Five Bells (a tavern in Lombard Street in the City of London) to exchange all their cheques in one place and settle the balances in cash.
每日支票结算始于1770年左右，当时银行职员在 Five Bells（伦敦金融城倫巴底街的一家小酒馆）会面，在一个地方兑换所有支票并以现金结算余额。

2009, R. Rajesh, T. Sivagnanasithi, Banking Theory Law & Practice, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, page 206,


cheque

chequy的棄用形式。

George PARK of FULFORDLIES, descended of the Family of Parkswells, carries Or, a Fesse Cheque, Gules and Argent; between Three Bucks Heads cabossed, all within a Border of the 2d; Motto, Providentia me committo.

1722, Alexander Nisbet, A System of Heraldry Speculative and Practical，第 335 頁:

Arms. Argent, a chevron cheque, gules, and of the field, between three bugle horns, sable , garnished of the second, plate 40.

1779, Hugh Clark, Thomas Wormull, The Peerage of the Nobility of England, Scotland, and Ireland，第 137 頁:

Parted per pale gules and or, a lion rampant intercharged inter 3 fleurs de lys. 2. A saltire cheque gules and or inter 3 escallop shells gules. 2 Argent, within a bordure azure, semé de fleur de lis or, parted per chevron ermine[…]

1797, Thomas Langley, The History and Antiquities of the Hundred of Desborough, and Deanery of Wycombe, in Buckinghamshire: Including the Borough Towns of Wycombe and Marlow, and Sixteen Parishes，第 442 頁:

... : several escutcheons of arms are dispersed about her, and her kirtle, or inward drapery thus blazoned; Or. a fret gules, and others on her mantle, Or. cheque, gules, and azure, a talbot is couchant at her feet.

1820, John Chambers, A General History of Worcester，第 148 頁:


incomprehensible

more incomprehensible (comparative)
most incomprehensible (superlative)


relaxer

Music is a good relaxer.

音樂是一種很好的放鬆方式。

一種能鬆開鬈曲毛髮以幫助拉直的乳霜或乳液

Are you a doer or a relaxer? If you said “some of both,” then you're right on track.

您是行動派還是放鬆派？如果您回答「兩者皆有」，那麼您說得對。

2014, Rusty Gregory, Alan Chasen, Living Wheat-Free For Dummies，第 172 頁:


att

源自老撾語 ອັດ (’at)。

阿特（老挝的辅助货币单位，相当于百分之一老挝基普）。


nasal

繼承自中古英語，派生自中世紀拉丁語 nāsālis，源自nāsus (“鼻子”) + -ālis (形容詞後綴)。nasalis 的同源對似詞。

more nasal (comparative)
most nasal (superlative)

Reindeer are well suited to the taiga’s frigid winters. They can maintain a thermogradient between body core and the environment of up to 100 degrees, in part because of insulation provided by their fur, and in part because of counter-current vascular heat exchange systems in their legs and nasal passages.

馴鹿非常適合針葉林寒冷的冬天。 它們可以在身體核心和環境之間保持高達100度的溫度梯度，部分原因是它們的皮毛提供的隔絕性，部分原因是它們的腿和鼻通道中的逆流血管熱交換系統。

2013 March, Nancy Langston, “Mining the Boreal North”, 出自 American Scientist, 第 101 卷, 第 2 期，第 98 頁:

nasal vowel

nasal utterance

"Are you sure you're OK?" she said with a nasal Australian accent.

「你確定你沒事？」她用帶著鼻音的澳大利亞口音說。

2016, A.K. Brown, Jumpstart (Champagne Universe Series: Book 1)，第 2 頁:


nasal

透過鼻子起作用的藥；引嚏藥

頭盔突出保護鼻子的部分；護鼻器

The nasal continued in use until about 1140, when it was generally discarded, but isolated examples may be found in every succeeding century down to the seventeenth.

1909, Charles Henry Ashdown, European Arms & Armor，第 78 頁:

Rorge had donned a black halfhelm with a broad iron nasal that made it hard to see that he did not have a nose.

1999, George R.R. Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam Books, 出版於 2011，第 463 頁:


ta

口，主要用于英式英语和澳洲英语


age

年龄；龄期，人類、動物或植物已經存活或預期能夠存活的時間。


wagga

本詞語需要釋義。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


surname

部分转借法语 surnom ← 古法语 surnum, surnoun（“别名；绰号”）（中古英语 sournoun之源） ← 晚期拉丁语 supernōmen, suprānōmen ← super-（“超过，在……之上”） + nōmen（“名字”）。

（表示修饰的）附加名称（尤指从出生地、品质、成就等得来的）

人、地、事等的别称，绰号

（古典研究）古罗马人名中的第三名（cognomen）

（苏格兰方言，）氏族；宗族


artichoke

來自倫巴底語 articioc，來自奧克語 artichaut，來自中世紀西班牙語 alcarchofa，來自安達盧斯阿拉伯語 الْخَرْشُوف (al-ḵaršūf)，來自阿拉伯語 الْخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf)，衍生自خُرْشُوف (ḵuršūf)。

/ˈɑɹ.tɪˌtʃəʊk/

/ˈɑː.tɪˌtʃəʊk/

洋薊，朝鮮薊，洋百合，法國百合（Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus）

暗淡的綠色，像洋薊外表的顏色

artichoke：


poste restante

存局候領；存局待領；留局候領


am

be 的第一人稱單數簡單現在直陳式。是。


operator

/ˈɒpəˌɹeɪtə/

/ˈɑpəˌɹeɪɾɚ/

操作员，操控器，运作器，操纵装置。

(抽象代数,电子通訊,计算机) 运算元，运算符号。

(遗传学,基因组学) 运作子，操控子，操纵子。

(电子通訊) 电话接線员，通话员，話務員。

正體: 話務員；報務員；值機員[電機工程]

正體: 接線生，運算子[通訊工程]

正體: 運算子；操作員；運算符[電子計算機]


abiotic factor

[環境][動物學]非生物因素；非生物因子。物理、化學的與其他無生命的環境因子。對於生態系中的活體動植物是必要的，它提供了動植物生長所必需的必要元素與養分。無生命元素包括生態系中氣候與土壤的要素。


hassa

hassar (“一種魚”)的另一種寫法


abrasion

/əˈbɹeɪ.ʒn̩/

正體: 磨耗[電機工程]


abiogenesis

/ˌeɪbaɪəʊˈdʒɛnəsɪs/


estate

繼承自中古英語 estat，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 estat和古法語 estat（法語：état），來自拉丁語 status。state和status 的同源對似詞。

狀態；條件 （自13世紀）

But when I came to mans eſtate,
With hey ho, [the winde and the raine],
Gainſt Knaues and Theeues men ſhut their gate.

c. 1601–1602 （写稿日期）, 威廉·莎士比亚, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will [第十二夜]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio（第一对开本）), 伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard和Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]，第 275 頁:

Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 12:16:

To remove therfore if it be possible, this great and sad oppression which through the strictnes of a literall interpreting hath invaded and disturb’d the dearest and most peaceable estate of houshold society, to the over-burdening, if not the over-whelming of many Christians better worth then to be so deserted of the Churches considerate care, this position shall be laid down; first proving, then answering what may be objected either from Scripture or light of reason.

1643, John Milton, Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce:

財富；財產，資產 （自14世紀）

貴族，貴婦 （14世紀–17世紀）

Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Mark 6:21:

階層，地位 (王國境內的諸階層) （自14世紀）

I am afraid that some of the nobles who are campaigning for it simply want to use the Estates to cut down the King's power and increase their own.

1992, Hilary Mantel, A Place of Greater Safety, Harper Perennial, 出版於 2007，第 115 頁:

The three estates of feudal lords, clergy and royal officers met in separate chambers, and exercised an advisory role.

2011, Norman Davies, Vanished Kingdoms, Penguin, 出版於 2012，第 202 頁:

(尤指廣闊) 領地，領土；莊園 （自18世紀）

It has been a long time since new follies were springing up across the great estates of Britain. But the owners of Doddington Hall, in Lincolnshire, have brought the folly into the 21st century, by building a 30ft pyramid in the grounds of the Elizabethan manor.

2014年September7日, “Doddington's garden pyramid is a folly good show: The owners of a Lincolnshire stately home have brought the folly into the 21st century, by building a 30ft pyramid [print edition: Great pyramid of Lincolnshire, 6 September 2014, p. G2]”, 出自 The Daily Telegraph, London:

Professor Loretta Lees from King's College London's geography department says, "The word 'estate' has become synonymous with the term 'ghetto'. It's become a dirty word. Back in the '20s and '30s it didn't carry the same stigma."

2012年October19日, Josephine McDermott, “London's new housing loses the 'dirty word'”, 出自 BBC News:

旅行車；一種帶有尾門（或升降門）的汽車 （自20世紀）

I call matter of estate not only the parts of sovereignty, but whatsoever[…]concerneth manifestly any great portion of people.

一個配置的集體資訊科技資源

This time, however, it only includes the static parameters that you expect to be consistent across your estate.

2015, Peter Carter, Pro SQL Server Administration，第 82 頁:


kor

來自希伯來語 כֹּר。

cor的另一種寫法：希伯來和腓尼基的體積單位

Solomon responded by committing 20,000 kors of pure oil and 20,000 kors of wheat in annual payments. A kor of oil is an ancient Hebrew unit of liquid of about 58 gallons. A kor of wheat is equal to 6.25 bushels.

2002, Don Victor Bovey, In Touch With Eternity，第 161 頁:


hydrology

正體: 水文學[電子計算機]


radioactivity

正體: 放射性；放射現象；放射學[電機工程]

正體: 放射性[電子計算機]


activator

活化剂；活化子；激活；活化體


alkali soil

[環境]碱土，鹼性土壤。含有足量可交換的鈉離子，能干擾水分滲透和農作物生長的土壤，也可能含有一定濃度的可溶性鹽類。


abolition

/ˌæb.əˈlɪʃ.n̩/


abrasive

more abrasive (comparative)
most abrasive (superlative)

有研磨作用的；有磨蝕作用的

傷人感情的，性情或態度粗暴的

An abrasive person can grate on one's sensibilities.

Despite her proper upbringing, we found her manners to be terribly abrasive.


aberration

源自拉丁語 aberrātiō，首見於1594年，源自aberrō，源自ab (“遠離”) + errō (“漫遊、徘徊”)。對兆法語 aberration。等價於aberrate + -ion。

/ˌæb.əˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/

[简体]:象差[电子电机工程]

[正體]:象差[電子電機工程]

正體: 像差；光行差[電機工程]

正體: 像差；脫離常軌[電子計算機]


abatis

借自法語 abatis，源自abattis (“大量被打掉、砍掉的東西”)，源自abattre。參見abate。


americium

/ˌæməˈɹɪsiəm/

镅，鋂(化學元素，原子序為95，化學符號為Am)


sorra

'Sorra a friend I have - sorra a friend, Masther Richard; and I did not spake to the priest this year or more, and I darn't go near him,' said the poor Palmerstown lass that was once so merry.

1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard:

Sorra a bite she ates but she drinks the mixture with it.
她一口也沒有吃，但她把混合物和它一起喝了。

1879, Chambers's Journal (volume 56, issue 2, page 589)


affiliation

/əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən/


ACF

Advanced Component Framework (“高级组件框架”)之首字母縮略詞。


aerolith

And what about the great aerolith at Paphos which they are supposed to have worshipped under the name of Bahomet?

1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber 1992, p. 243:


abdomen

简体: 腹[部][动物学]


anabatic wind

谷风
* 简体: 上坡风[大气]
* 正體: 上坡風[氣象]


anal fin

臀
* 简体: 臀鳍[动物学]
* 正體: 臀鰭[動物學]


accordion

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。

正體: 伸縮接頭[電機工程]

简体: 折叠地图[测绘学]

正體: 折式地圖[測量學]

正體: 手風琴[電子計算機]


amplitude spectrum

振幅谱
* [简体]:振幅频谱[通信]
* [正體]:振幅頻譜[通訊]
* 正體: （振）幅譜[電機工程]
* 正體: 振幅頻譜[通訊工程]


annual ring

年轮
* 简体: 年轮[大气]
* 正體: 年輪[氣象]


angle of reflection

反射角
* 正體: 反射角[通訊工程]


angle of refraction

折射角
* 正體: 折射角[電機工程]
* 正體: 折射角[通訊工程]


antheridium

精子囊，種籽植物以外，帶有精子之雄性器官。


accelerometer

加速度計，用於測量加速度的儀器

用於檢測和測量振動的儀器

Working with NR, ScotRail and Porterbrook, Perpetuum has fitted sensors with gyroscopes and accelerometers to trains that are already in passenger service.

Perpetuum 與 NR、ScotRail 和 Porterbrook 合作，為已經投入客運服務的火車安裝了帶有陀螺儀和加速計的傳感器。

2022年March23日, “Network News: Hitachi on-train track monitoring trial expands to Scottish routes”, 出自 RAIL, 第 953 期，第 13 頁:


absorber

正體: 吸收器；吸收體[電機工程]

正體: 吸收材料[通訊工程]


acclivity

首次記錄於1614年。借自拉丁語 acclīvitās，源自acclīvis (“上升”)，源自ad + clīvus (“坡”)。

Just below it leaned a tottering crag that would have toppled, starting an avalanche on an acclivity where no sliding mass could stop.

就在它下方，有一個搖搖欲墜的峭壁，它可能會倒塌，在上升坡引發雪崩，那裡沒有滑動的物體可以停止。


ablation

繼承自晚期中古英語 ablacioun (“移除”)，借自晚期拉丁語 ablātiō (“帶走”)，源自auferō (“帶走，撤回，除去”) + -tiō (名詞後綴)；等價於ablate + -ion。ablatio 的同源對似詞。對照法語 ablation。


anchor ice

底冰
* 简体: 锚冰[大气]
* 正體: 底冰[氣象]


anticoincidence

反符合
* 正體: 異[電子計算機]


achromatise

achromatize在非牛津英式的标准拼写


ferromagnetism

铁磁性
* [简体]:铁磁性[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:鐵磁性[電子電機工程]
* 正體: 強磁性；鐵磁性[電機工程]
* 正體: 鐵磁性[通訊工程]
* 正體: 強磁性，鐵磁性[電子計算機]


aperiodicity

非周期性
* 正體: 無周期性[電機工程]


anticlinorium

复背斜
* 简体: 复背斜[测绘学]
* 正體: 複背斜[測量學]


apex

［简体］:峰，顶点，尖［通信］

［正體］:（電波由電層反射時的）反射點，頂峰，頂點［通訊］

正體： ［電波由電層反射時的］反射點，頂峰，頂點［通訊工程］


apogee

正體: 遠地點[電機工程]

正體: 遠地點，最遠點[通訊工程]

简体: 远地点[航海科技]

简体: 远地点[测绘学]

正體: 遠地點[測量學]


albedo

借自拉丁語 albēdō。

leucosis

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。

同類詞：nigredo、citrinitas、rubedo

正體: 反照率[電機工程]


apical system

顶系
* 简体: 顶系[动物学]
* 正體: 頂系[動物學]


arctic front

北极锋
* 简体: 北极锋[大气]
* 正體: 北極鋒[氣象]


aqueous solution

水溶液
* 正體: 水溶液[電機工程]


apatite

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-apatite.wav


asexual reproduction

无性生殖
* 简体: 无性生殖[动物学]
* 正體: 無性生殖[動物學]


ash fall

降落灰
* 简体: 灰尘沉降[大气]
* 正體: 灰沈降[氣象]


aridity index

干燥指数
* 简体: 干燥指数[大气]
* 正體: 乾燥指數[氣象]


arsenic

砷（化學元素，原子序為33，化學符號為As）

正體： 砷（As）［電機工程］


ascospore

子囊孢子，在芽胞囊中所産生之減數分裂胞子。


atmospheric window

大气窗口
* 正體: 大氣窗口［低損耗波段］，大氣［低損耗］波段[通訊工程]
* 简体: 大气窗[大气]
* 正體: 大氣窗[氣象]
* 简体: 大气窗[测绘学]
* 正體: 大氣窗[測量學]


astable

不稳定的
* 正體: 不穩定[電子計算機]


atomic volume

原子体积
* 正體: 原子容量[電機工程]


atomic unit

原子单位
* 正體: 基元單元[電子計算機]


axillary bud

腋芽,在葉腋間所形成的芽。


autocorrelation function

自相关函数
* [简体]:自相关函数[通信]
* [正體]:自相關函數[通訊]
* 正體: 自相關函數[通訊工程]
* 简体: 自相关函数[大气]
* 正體: 自相關函數[氣象]


autoradiography

自动射线照相术
* [简体]:放射自显影[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:放射自顯影[電子電機工程]


asthenosphere

简体: 软流圈[测绘学]

正體: 軟流圈[測量學]


average life

平均寿命
* 正體: 平均壽命[電子計算機]


available water

可利用的水
* 简体: 有效水分[大气]
* 正體: 可用水［分］[氣象]


axial ratio

轴率
* [简体]:轴(向)比[通信]
* [正體]:(橢圓之)長短軸比[通訊]
* 正體: 軸比[電機工程]
* 正體: ［橢圓之］長短軸比，極化橢圓之長短軸比[通訊工程]


azimuthal projection

方位投影
* 简体: 方位投影[测绘学]
* 正體: 方位投影，正方位投影[測量學]


lifespan

（产品等的）预期使用期限；预期存在期限


azimuthal quantum number

方位角量子数
* 正體: 角量子數[電機工程]


angle of incidence

機翼和水平穩定器跟機身之間的夾角


anisotropy

Velvet exhibits anisotropy when rotated about its geometric normal.

围绕其几何法线旋转时，天鹅绒表现出各向异性。


amber

正體: 琥珀[電機工程]


barometric altimeter

气压测高计
* 简体: 气压测高仪[测绘学]
* 正體: 氣壓測高計[測量學]


barium

钡(化學元素，原子序為56，化學符號為Ba)

正體: 鋇[電子計算機]


convince

源自拉丁語 convincō (“說服，駁斥”)，來自con- + vincō (“攻佔，征服”)。convict 的同源對似詞。替代本土古英語 oferreċċan。

I wouldn't have or do something, unless I'm convinced that it's good.

Such convincing proofs and assurances of it as might enable them to convince others.

1718, Francis Atterbury, sermon preached on Easter Day at Westminster Abbey

[…]his two Chamberlaines / Will I with Wine, and Waſſell, ſo conuince, / That Memorie, the Warder of the Braine, / Shall be a Fume,[…]

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene vii]，第 135 頁:

And therfore, God neuer wrought Miracle, to conuince Atheiſme, becauſe his Ordinary Works conuince it.

1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Atheisme. XVI.”, 出自 The Essayes […], 3rd版, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC，第 90 頁:

Which of you conuinceth mee of ſinne?

你們中間誰能指證我有罪呢？

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, John 8:46，第 1 列:


bathymetry

水深测量
* 简体: 测［水］深法[大气]
* 正體: 測深術[氣象]


archetype

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


cacao

借自西班牙語 cacao，來自古典納瓦特爾語 cacahuatl。cocoa 的同源對似詞。

/kəˈkeɪ̯əʊ̯/

[kəˈkʰɑːəʊ̯]

[kəˈkʰeɪ̯əʊ̯]

/kəˈkeɪ̯oʊ̯/

[kəˈkʰeɪ̯oʊ̯]


bench mark

水准点
* 正體: 定標點[電機工程]


wholesome

來自早期的holesome，來自中古英語 holsom、holsum、helsum、halsum，來自古英語 *hālsum、*hǣlsum，來自原始西日耳曼語 *hailasam，來自原始日耳曼語 *hailasamaz，等同whole + -some。與薩特弗里斯蘭語 heelsoam、荷蘭語 heilzaam、德國低地德語 heelsaam、德語 heilsam、冰島語 heilsamur、新挪威語 helsesam、瑞典語 hälsosam (“健康的”)等同源。

more wholesome (comparative)
wholesomer (comparative)
most wholesome (superlative)
wholesomest (superlative)

Though hard, my friends, yet wholesome are the truths, taught in affliction's school, whence the pure soul rises refined, and soars above the world.

1750, “Theodora”, Thomas Morell 作詞, George Frideric Handel 作曲:

A wholeſome tongue is a tree of life: but peruerſneſſe therein is a breach in the ſpirit.

溫良的舌，是生命樹；乖謬的嘴，使人心碎。

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 15:4，第 1 列:

The more solicitous of the two was Nurse Cramer, a shapely, pretty, sexless girl with a wholesome unattractive face.

1961年November10日, Joseph Heller, “The Soldier in White”, 出自 Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC，第 171 頁:

There's something tragic, but almost pure
 Think I could love you, but I'm not sure
 There's something wholesome, there's something sweet
 Tucked in your eyes that I'd love to meet

2017年April13日, Mitchy Collins, Samantha Derosa, Christian Medice, “Broken”, 出自 Finding It Hard to Smile, 演出者 Lovelytheband:

Around the same time, “wholesome” memes of cute doggos and puppers rejuvenated social media feeds that seemed daily filled with fresh horrors.

2019, Gretchen McCulloch, Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language, Riverhead Books, →ISBN:

The comment section on a recent post making fun of a “cute” and “wholesome” Doomer Girl meme is mixed.

2020年February3日, Kaitlyn Tiffany, “The Misogynistic Joke That Became a Goth-Meme Fairy Tale”, 出自 The Atlantic:


bending moment

弯矩
* 正體: 彎曲（力）矩[電機工程]
* 正體: 彎曲﹝力﹞矩[電機工程]


ter

"Jesus Christ! Was my folks refined. My mam she wouldn't think-a lettin' us young'uns call a pee pot a pee pot. A chamber's what she called it... And by God! Us young'uns had ter call the pee pot a chamber or git our God damn necks wrang."

1946, Elizabeth Metzger Howard, Before the Sun Goes Down, p. 31:

‘Do you mean ter tell me,’ he growled at the Dursleys, ‘that this boy – this boy! – knows nothin’ abou’ – about ANYTHING?’

1997, J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, iv:


ter

‘What about that tea then, eh?’ he said, rubbing his hands together. ‘I’d not say no ter summat stronger if yeh’ve got it, mind.’


astatine

來自古希臘語 ἄστατος (ástatos, “不穩定”) + -ine。

Astatine, for instance, is practically unstudied. It has a name and a place on the periodic table (next to Marie Curie's polonium), but almost nothing else.

2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, BCA, p. 221:


berkelium

锫(化學元素，原子序為97，化學符號為Bk)


haj

"The defendant has also piloted planes taking haj pilgrims from Indonesia to Saudi Arabia and Saudi Arabia to Indonesia.

被告還曾駕駛飛機將朝聖者從印尼送往沙烏地阿拉伯，以及從沙烏地阿拉伯送往印度尼西亞

2009年January15日, “Five Australians jailed for entering Papua province”, 出自 Herald Sun, 源於 AAP:


azurite

/ˈæʒ.əˌɹaɪt/

/ˈæʒ.(j)ʊəɹˌaɪt/

/ˈæʒ(j)ʊˌɹaɪt/


biogeochemistry

生物地球化学
* 简体: 生物地球化学[大气]
* 正體: 生［物］地［球］化學[氣象]


index

indexes (plural)
indices (plural)
index's (plural)


index

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


bismuth

铋（化學元素，原子序為83，化學符號為Bi）


blind zone

盲区
* 简体: 盲区[航海科技]
* 正體: 盲區[海事]


adsorbent

more adsorbent (comparative)
most adsorbent (superlative)


block structure

块状结构
* [简体]:分程序结构，(程序)块结构[通信]
* [正體]:區塊結構，分組結構[通訊]
* 正體: 區塊結構，分組結構[通訊工程]
* 正體: 塊結構[電子計算機]


artificial

artificial
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：人为
* 正體中文：人為


artificial

artificial
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：虚伪
* 正體中文：虛偽


bonding electron

价电子
* 正體: 束縛電子；鍵連電子[電機工程]


bond length

键长，指分子中键合在一起的一对原子之间的距离。


aqua regia

借自拉丁語 aqua regia (字面意思是“皇家的水”)，因這種液體能溶解許多難以腐蝕的貴金屬。

/ˈɑː.kwə ˈɹeɪ.ɡi.ə/

/ˌækwə ˈɹiːdʒi.ə/

ăʹkwə-rēʹjē-ə

Consider another example. 'If gold is placed in aqua regia then it dissolves.' Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids that dissolves gold or platinum. Observation of gold dissolving in aqua regia (argument 1 1) lends credence to the above conditional statement.
Not placing the gold into aqua regia and gold not dissolving (argument 0 0) does not disprove the truth-value of this conditional.

2005, D.J. Krus, Elements of Propositional Calculus


bottom current

海底强流
* 简体: 底层流[航海科技]
* 正體: 底層流[海事]


boundary line

界线
* 正體: 邊界線[電子計算機]


boundary conditions

边界条件
* 正體: 邊界條件[通訊工程]


boundary layer

边界层
* [简体]:边界层[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:邊界層[電子電機工程]
* 正體: 邊界層[電機工程]
* 简体: 边界层[大气]
* 正體: 邊界層[氣象]
* 简体: 边界层[信息科技]
* 正體: 邊界層[計算機]
* 正體: 邊界層[電子計算機]


branch line

支线
* 正體: 支線路[電機工程]
* 简体: 支线[测绘学]
* 正體: 支線[測量學]
* 正體: 分支線路[電子計算機]


pyramid

正體: 錐形；角錐體[電子計算機]

正體: 角錐；稜錐[電機工程]


bridge circuit

桥路
* [简体]:桥式电路，桥接线路[通信]
* [正體]:橋(接電)路，電橋電路，橋接電路[通訊]
* 正體: （電）橋（電）路[電機工程]
* 正體: 橋［接電］路，電橋電路[通訊工程]
* 正體: 橋接電路[電子計算機]


breaking strength

抗断强度
* 正體: 破裂強度[電機工程]
* 正體: 斷裂強度[通訊工程]


branching

分枝
* 正體: 分支[自由軟體]
* 简体: 分支[自由软体]
* 正體: 分支[電子計算機]


brookite

板钛矿
* 正體: 板鈦礦[電機工程]


buffering

缓冲酌
* 简体: 缓冲作用[大气]
* 正體: 緩衝作用[氣象]
* 简体: 缓冲[信息科技]
* 正體: 緩衝[計算機]
* 正體: 緩衝[電子計算機]


ultimate

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ultimate.wav


bromine

溴(化學元素，原子序為35，化學符號為Br)


bypassing

旁通
* 简体: 旁路[信息科技]
* 正體: 旁路[計算機]
* 正體: 旁路[電子計算機]


cadastral map

地籍图
* 简体: 地籍图[测绘学]
* 正體: 地籍圖[測量學]


cable reel

缆轴
* 正體: 電纜捲軸[電機工程]


calibration curve

校准曲线
* 正體: 校準曲線[電機工程]


Antarctica

派生自新拉丁語 Antarctica，派生自古希臘語 ἀνταρκτικός (antarktikós)，源自 ἀντ- (ant-, “反，相反”) + ἀρκτικός (arktikós, “北極”)，源自古希臘語 ἄρκτος (árktos, “熊”)。

/ˌænˈɑːtɪkə/

[æˈɾ̃ɑɹɾɪkə]

雖然南極洲是一個獨立的大陸，但它有時也會被歸類為大洋洲的一部分。


peanut

花生、﹝台灣也稱之為﹞土豆


Canada balsam

加拿大屎
* 正體: 加拿大樹膠[電機工程]


seismograph

正體: 地震儀[電機工程]

正體: 地震儀[電子計算機]


cross section

截面、横切面
* 简体: 截面[信息科技]
* 正體: 截面，對照參考[計算機]
* 正體: 截面；對照參考[電子計算機]


carbon cycle

[環境][动物学][氣象]碳循環，在生物圈中的碳循環，植物將二氧化碳轉化為有機化合物並於動植物體中被消耗， 然後碳再藉著呼吸作用與衰變的過程以無機形態回復到生物圈之中。 (來源： MGH)


capillarity

毛细管现象
* 简体: 毛［细］管作用[大气]
* 正體: 毛細現象[氣象]
* 正體: 毛細現象[電子計算機]


basin

本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


catastrophism

灾变论
* 简体: 灾变说[大气]
* 正體: 巨變說[氣象]


abductor

誘拐者，綁架者，劫持者 （19世紀中葉）


abductor

外展肌 （17世紀早期）

the abductor oculi draws the eye outward.


carrying capacity

运载能力；承載力；負荷量


bitumen

借自拉丁語 bitūmen。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-bitumen.wav