evangelical

新教教徒，福音教派教徒。


equate

源自中古英語 equaten，源自拉丁語 aequātus，aequō的過去分詞。

Mr. Hoyle, who does not believe many multiple-unit diesel services on secondary routes will resist for ever the road transport challenge, would forgo passenger traffic altogether on a little-used route in order to improve the quality of the freight working and reduce its costs by equating the average speed of all trains on the line concerned.

1960 February, “Talking of Trains”, 出自 Trains Illustrated，第 67 頁:


pun

繼承自中古英語 ponnen、ponen、punen，來自古英語 punian、pūnian (“重擊，毆打，咆哮，輾壓，研磨”)，來自原始日耳曼語 *punōną (“打碎，粉碎”)。參見pound。作為一種文字遊戲，來自"beating"字到位的概念。

We punned about the topic until all around us groaned.


jargon

源自中古英語 jargoun、jargon，源自古法語 jargon，gargon、gargun (“談話，對話”)的變體。

Prussian Trenck, the poor subterranean Baron, jargons and jangles in an unmelodious manner.

1837, Thomas Carlyle, “Fatherland in Danger”, 出自 The French Revolution: A History […], 第 III (The Guillotine) 卷, London: James Fraser, […], →OCLC, book III (The Girondins)，第 184 頁:


con

（港英）把男生抬起以硬物撞下體


orange

源自中古英語 orenge, orange ← 古法語 pome orenge (“波斯橙”)，字面意思“橘子蘋果”，受古奧克語 auranja影響，轉譯自古意大利語 melarancio, melarancia，mela (“蘋果”)和(n)arancia (“橙子”)的複合 ← 阿拉伯語 نَارَنْج (nāranj) ← 波斯語 نارنگ (nârang) ← 梵語 नारङ्ग (nāraṅga, “橙樹”) ← 達羅毗荼語系（對比泰米爾語 நார்த்தங்காய் (nārttaṅkāy)，நரந்தம் (narantam, “香氣”)和காய் (kāy, “水果”)的複合；也見泰盧固語 నారంగము (nāraṅgamu), 馬拉雅拉姆語 നാരങ്ങ (nāraṅṅa), 卡納達語 ಕಿತ್ತಳೆ (kittaḷe)）。
顏色一義則是代替了古英語 ġeolurēad (字面意思是“黃-紅”)；對比英語 blue-green。

/ˈɔɹ(ɪ)nd͡ʒ/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-orange.wav


red

rede 的過去式和過去分詞


mosquito

借自西班牙語 mosquito (“蚋”)，mosca (“蒼蠅”)的指小，來自拉丁語 musca (“蒼蠅”)，來自原始印歐語 *mūs- (“蒼蠅，刺蠅，蚋”)。與西佛蘭德語 meuzie (“蚊子”)、方言瑞典語 mausa (“蚊子”), 立陶宛語 musė (“蒼蠅”)、西西里語 muschitta (“蠓”)等同源。參見midge。

貼近地面飛行，似乎沒有航線


duck

（不及物動詞） 低頭躲避


fan

扇子。
電風扇。
吊扇。
繼承自中古英語 fan, 繼承自古英語 fann, 派生自拉丁語 vannus, 派生自原始印歐語 *h₂weh₁-。

We enjoyed standing at the edge of the cliff, being fanned by the wind.

我們很享受站在懸崖邊緣被風吹拂的感覺。


sad

中古英語 sad，源自古英語 sæd，源自原始日耳曼語 *sadaz，源自原始印歐語 *seh₂-。與西弗里斯蘭語 sêd，荷蘭語 zat，德語 satt 同源。


child

[ˈt͡ʃaɪ̯.ɫ̩d]

[t͡ʃəɪ̯(ə)ɫd]


light

用燈光指引,用燈照路[O]


give up

He was surrounded, so gave himself up.

他被包圍了，所以投降了。

They gave him up to the police.

They gave up the search when it got dark.

天黑了，他們停止了搜索。

He gave up his seat to an old man.

"Dear Miss Woodhouse, I would not give up the pleasure and honour of being intimate with you for any thing in the world."

“親愛的伍德豪斯小姐，跟你在一起又快樂又榮幸，我說什麽也不能離開你。”

1816, Jane Austen, 章號 7, 出自 Emma, 第 1 卷:

They gave him up for dead.

他们認爲他活不成了。或
〈喻〉他們認爲他不會出現或到來了。

I gave up my faith years ago.

幾年前我放棄了我的信仰。

OK, I give up, you win.

好吧，我認輸了，你贏了。

被某種品質、行為、特質等完全占据

She seems give up to sin
Too much neglecting grace within

1800s Mary Woody A True Account of Nayomy Wise

代表另一個經紀人執行交易


Dutch

原始印歐語詞
 *tewtéh₂
來自中古英語 Duch (“德語、低地德語、荷蘭語”)，來自中古低地德語 dütsch, düdesch (“德語、低地德語、荷蘭語”)和中古荷蘭語 dūtsch、duutsc (“德語、低地德語、荷蘭語”)，來自原始西日耳曼語 *þiudisk，來自原始日耳曼語 *þiudiskaz (“部落的，民族的”)，衍生自*þeudō (“人”)，來自原始印歐語 *tewtéh₂。Deutsch和tuath 的同源對似詞。
對照中古英語 thedisch (“本地的，地方性的”)，該詞來自古英語 þēodisċ (“部落的，民族的”)、古撒克遜語 thiudisk（德國低地德語 düütsch (“德語”)）, 古高地德語 diutisc（現代德語 deutsch (“德語”)），現代荷蘭語 Duits (“德語”)和Diets (“荷蘭語”)（直到19世紀才完全區分開來）。參見Derrick、Teuton、Teutonic。
貶義義項（如Dutch courage, Dutch wife, Dutch uncle等）據說源自英荷戰爭和隨後的競爭。

用鹼液處理可可豆和可可粉，使顏色加深，減輕苦味

Dutch processed is made from cocoa beans that have been treated with an alkalized solution. You'll get a deeper color and a great chocolaty flavor, but more importantly, the process of Dutching the chocolate renders the powder neutral.

2015, Deb Wise, Incredibly Decadent Desserts: 100 Divine Treats Under 300 Calories:


long

音頻（英式）: [ˈlɒŋ]

音頻（美式）: [ˈlɔŋ]


mother

:< 中古英語 moder < 古英語 mōdor < 原始日耳曼语 *mōđēr（对比古弗里斯兰语 mōder、荷兰语 moeder、德语 Mutter） < 原始印欧语 *méh₂tēr（对比爱尔兰语 máthair、吐火罗语A mācar、吐火罗语B mācer、立陶宛语 mótė）。


father

:< 中古英語 fader < 古英語 fæder < 原始日耳曼语 *fađēr（对比古弗里斯蘭語 feder、荷兰语 vader、德语 Vater） < 原始印欧语 *ph₂tḗr（对比爱尔兰语 athair、吐火罗语A pācar、吐火罗语B pācer、立陶宛语 patinas （“公兽”））。

/ˈfɑː.ðə(ɹ)/

作为父亲，成为父亲；养育


head

源自中古英語 hed, heed, heved, heaved ← 古英語 hēafod (“頭部；頂部；來源，起源；首領；首都”) ← 原始日耳曼語 *haubudą (“頭”) ← 原始印歐語 *káput-，*kapōlo- (“頭；碗”)的變體。
同源詞
與低地蘇格蘭語 heid, hede, hevid, heved (“頭”), 古英語 hafola (“頭”), 北弗里斯蘭語 hood (“頭”), 荷蘭語 hoofd (“頭”), 德語 Haupt (“頭”), 瑞典語 huvud (“頭”), 冰島語 höfuð (“頭”), 拉丁語 caput (“頭”), 梵語 कपाल (kapāla, “顱”), 印地語 कपाल (kapāl, “顱”)同源。

領導，主管（參見head up）

Who heads the board of trustees?

to head an army, an expedition, or a riot

領導軍隊；領導探險隊；領導暴動

用頭擊打（如足球中用頭頂球：head the ball）

We are going to head up North for our holiday.

We will head off tomorrow.

Next holiday we will head out West, or head to Chicago.

下個假期我們去西部或者去芝加哥。

Right now I need to head into town to do some shopping.

I'm fed up working for a boss. I'm going to head out on my own, set up my own business.

How does the ship head?

The salmon are first headed and then scaled.

to head trees


heart

音頻（美式，加利福尼亚）


hold

源自中古英語 holden ← 古英語 healdan ← 原始日耳曼語 *haldaną (“照料（牲口），放牧”)，可能源自原始印歐語 *kel- (“驅趕”)（對比拉丁語 celer (“快”), 吐火羅語B kälts (“刺激，驅趕”), 古希臘語 κέλλω (kéllō, “驅趕”), 梵語 कलयति (kalayati, “他促使”)）。與西弗里斯蘭語 hâlde, 低地德語 holden, holen, 荷蘭語 houden, 德語 halten, 丹麥語、書面挪威語 holde, 新挪威語 halda同源。

hold with the hare and run with the hounds

Hold the pencil like this.

The slightest effort made the patient cough. He would stand leaning on a stick and holding a hand to his side, and when the paroxysm had passed it left him shaking.

1918, W. B. Maxwell, 章號 23, 出自 The Mirror and the Lamp:

This package holds six bottles.

Hold my coat for me.  The general ordered the colonel to hold his position at all costs.

幫我拿著外套。  將軍要上校不惜一切代價保住他的位置。

保持某種狀態。 預約，預訂

Hold a table for us at 7:00.

幫我們訂一張7點的桌子。

Hold the elevator.

保持某種狀態。 拘留，扣押

Hold the suspect in this cell.

把嫌疑犯關進這間牢房裡。

to hold true;  The proposition holds.

保持某種狀態。 使自身處於某一狀態下

to hold firm;  to hold opinions

Mother[…]considered that the exclusiveness of Peter's circle was due not to its distinction, but to the fact that it was an inner Babylon of prodigality and whoredom, from which every Kensingtonian held aloof, except on the conventional tip-and-run excursions in pursuit of shopping, tea and theatres.

1922, Ben Travers, 章號 2, 出自 A Cuckoo in the Nest:


tie

would lose one's head if it wasn't tied on


route

來自中古英語 route，源自古法語 route、rote (“道，路，徑”)（對比現代法語 route），來自拉丁語 (via) rupta (“用強力打開的（道路）”)，源自rumpere viam（“開闢道路”）。中國古代行政區劃的義項是意譯自漢語 路 (lù)。

All incoming mail was routed through a single office.

所有收到的郵件都通過一個辦公室轉送。

Google Glass has come under fire from privacy advocates because it can record video without subjects being aware of it, and that any video will be routed through Google's servers.

2014年June24日, “Google Glass go on sale in the UK for £1,000”, 出自 The Guardian:


route

root的視覺方言拼法。


is

英國，美國，加拿大，澳大利亞

(用於第三人稱單數現在式) 是


dun

未知；可能是din的變體。多個來源認為源自 Joe Dun，一名因逮捕追債者而出名的執達吏之名，不過這個說法有爭議。

And hath she sent so soon to dun?

1768, Jonathan Swift, The Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift, London: C. Bathurst, →OCLC, Miscellanies in Verse，第 309 頁:

Of all he had received from Lady Bellaston, not above five guineas remained and that very morning he had been dunned by a tradesman for twice that sum.

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Folio Society 1973, p. 577:

不停重複（要求等）來騷擾

Rich bitches who had to be dunned for their milk bills would pay him right now.

1940, Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, Penguin 2010, p. 107:


dun

done的視覺方言拼法: do 的過去分詞

...a wise old lady exclaimed, "Why Mrs. M. warn't you orful skeerd wunst when you seed a dog fight? [...] an that ere big yaller dog bit orf your baby's hand that minit; in cors he dun it, so now that settles it."

1895年May10日, S.L.N. Foote, “Correspondence”, 出自 International Journal of Medicine and Surgery, 第 8 卷, retrieved 2016-10-13，第 194 頁:

Fwhere's he come from, I dun'no'. French or English, I dun'no'. But a gintleman born, I know.

1901, Gilbert Parker, The Right of Way, New York and London: Harper, →OCLC:


dun

可能源自處理過後魚的顏色。

醃製好鱈魚等魚類後將其堆放在不被光線直射到的地方, 並用碱茅等覆蓋來保存

Dun-fish are of a superior quality for the table, and are cured in such a manner as to give them a dun or brownish color. Fish for dunning are caught early in spring, and sometimes February, at the Isle of Shoals.

1832, James Thacher, History of Plymouth; from its first settlement in 1620, to the year 1832, Boston: Marsh, Capen & Lyon, →OCLC，第 317 頁:


been

(美國南部) be 的不定式


spy

源自中古英語 spien。


Greek

繼承自古英語 Grēcas (“希臘人”)，Crēcas的變體，來自原始西日耳曼語 *Krēkō，來自拉丁語 Graecus，源頭不明，可能衍生自地名Γραῖα (Graîa)或來自部落名Graii的其他古巴爾幹語族形式，參見英語維基百科條目Griko、Names of the Greeks。希臘語中有個同源詞Γραικός (Graikós)，是從神話時代的祖先Γραίοι (Graíoi, “格瑞西安族”)而來。日爾曼語族同源詞包括荷蘭語 Griek、德語 Grieche。英語和日爾曼語族同源詞中的⟨g⟩，是受到法語 grec和古典拉丁語 Graecus的影響下恢復的。
該形容詞可追溯到14世紀的中古英語，取代了古英語 Grēċisċ (“希臘式的”)和早期中古英語 Gregeis。指兄弟會跟姐妹會，來自早期希臘字母的截斷。

A discovery of Greeking at Brighton, has made considerable noise this month in the sporting world.

1817, Sporting Magazine, 第 50 期，第 284 頁:

greek的大小寫替代形式.


copper

繼承自中古英語 coper。


apron

:前形 napron < 古法语 naperon——nappe（桌布，台布）的小词形 < nappa（餐巾）。 napron 与定冠词 a 的组合被错误划词为“an apron”，是 napron 词首的 n 脱落的原因。


translate

[ˈtʃɹɛ̃nzɫæe̯ʔ]


drive

[d̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷaɪv]


example

/ɪɡˈzɑːmpl̩/


fragment

Once the centralized power of Rome fragmented, economic, social and political power simplified and relocalized.

2023年July31日, Charles Hugh Smith, Lessons from the Unraveling of the Roman Empire: Simplification, Localization:


fret

源自中古英語 frēten (“吃，侵蝕，摧毀，煩擾”)，源自古英語 fretan (“吃掉，吞噬；破裂，爆裂”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *fraetan，源自原始日耳曼語 *fraetaną (“消耗，吞食，吃掉”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *fra- (“完全，完整”)（源自原始印歐語 *pro- (“朝著，向前”)）+ *etaną (“吃”)（源自原始印歐語 *h₁ed- (“吃”)）。
與荷蘭語 vreten、fretten (“吞食，狼吞虎嚥”)、低地德語 freten (“吃掉”)、德語 fressen (“吞食，狼吞虎嚥”)、哥特語 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (fraitan, “吞食”)、瑞典語 fräta (“吃掉，侵蝕，腐蝕”)同源；亦與丹麥語 fråse (“狼吞虎嚥”)有關。
“摩擦”之義可能是因與盎格魯-諾曼語 *freiter（現代法語 fretter (方言)）的音近而混同，其源自通俗拉丁語 *frictāre，是拉丁語 fricāre的反覆體，源自fricō (“摩擦”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *bʰreyH- (“切割”)；對比古法語 froter（現代法語 frotter）。來源推測的主要阻礙是缺少古法語詞彙的證明。

frets
fretting
fretted
fret
frate
fretted
fretten

Their hearts alreadie fretted and cankered at the very roote, for the last disgrace received.

1609, Ammianus Marcellinus, Philemon Holland, transl., 章號 XIV, 出自 The Roman Historie, containing Such Acts and Occurrents as Passed under Constantius, Iulianus, Iovianus, Valentinianus, and Valens, Emperours, book IX, London: Printed by Adam Islip, →OCLC，第 322 頁:

And could we let a Light into their Bosoms, we should see them generally fretted and cankered with this secret and corroding Venom.

1727–1728, Mather Byles [et al.], 編者Bruce [Ingham] Granger, Proteus Echo (1727–28): A Series of Essays and Poems [...] that Appeared in the New-England Weekly Journal [...] (History of Psychology Series; 420), Delmar, N.Y.: Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, 出版於 1986, →ISBN，第 75 頁:

A Perſon of Honour, of a full Body abounding with ſharp Humours, was ſeized with an Herpes on his right Leg. [...] [I]t inflamed and ſwelled very much, many Wheals aroſe, and fretted one into another, with great Excoriation.

1676, Richard Wiseman, “[A Treatise of Tumors.] Of an Herpes”, 出自 Severall Chirurgical Treatises, London: Printed by E. Flesher and J[ohn] Macock, for R[ichard] Royston bookseller to His Most Sacred Majesty, and B[enjamin] Took at the Ship in St. Paul's Church-yard, →OCLC，第 80 頁:

We sometimes perform an operation on the under lip [...] in consequence of / Cancer Labii [cancer of the lips], / Which disease generally arises from the use of a pipe, and the manner in which it happens is this:—the adhesive nature of the clay of which the pipe is made, causes it to adhere to the lip; at length the cuticle becomes torn off, and the continued irritation frets the sore into true cancerous disease.

1823–1824, A[stley Paston] Cooper, “Lecture LII”, 出自 The Lancet. [...] In Two Volumes, 3rd版, 第 II 卷, London: Knight and Lacey, Paternoster-Row; and G. L. Hutchinson, the Lancet office, Strand, 出版於 1826, →OCLC，第 100–101 頁s:

使躁動，使不平靜，激起漣漪

to fret the surface of water

Yorke hereupon conſults with his ſpeciall friends; [...] how Yorke might get the Crowne of England, and for that cauſe how to ruine or fret out the Duke of Sommerſet; who ſtanding, they were to looke for ſtrong oppoſition.

1611, John Speed, “Henrie the Sixth, King of England, and France, Lord of Ireland: The Three and Fiftieth Monarch of England, His Raigne, Actes, and Issve”, 出自 The History of Great Britaine under the Conquests of ye Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans. [...], Imprinted at London: [By William Hall and John Beale] [...] and are to be solde by Iohn Sudbury & Georg Humble, in Popes-head alley at ye signe of ye white Horse, →OCLC; 再版 London: Printed by Iohn Beale, for George Hvmble, and are to be sold in Popes-head Pallace, at the signe of the White Horse, 1614, →OCLC, book 9, paragraph 55，第 665 頁，第 1 列:

We are all hurrying down the one common stream to the great ocean of eternity: but are we performing our social duties, as citizens of the world, in sculking away into holes and corners, to fret out time and life, because God has judged fit to withdraw the favourite toy he lent us—not making us destitute—but graciously leaving in our keeping, ten thousand toys beside.

1835, Louisa Sidney Stanhope, “Conclusion”, 出自 Sydney Beresford. A Tale of the Day. [...] In Three Volumes, 第 III 卷, London: Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper, Paternoster-Row, →OCLC，第 274 頁:

The Mines are cold where the outward Air comes in; but where not, warm. The greateſt trouble they have is by duſt, which ſpoileth their Lungs and Stomachs, and frets their Skins.

1677, Edward Browne, “A Journey from Vienna in Austria to Hamburg”, 出自 An Account of Several Travels through a Great Part of Germany: In Four Journeys. [...], London: Printed for Benj[amin] Tooke, and are to be sold at the sign of the Ship in St. Paul's Church-yard, →OCLC，第 136 頁:

You may see the surges wear and fret away the basement of the cliff against which they dash themselves, and the mass of broken rock falls into the depth and disappears, and then it is carried away by the tide as it retires.

1881, Frederick W[illiam] Robertson, “The Peace of God”, 出自 “The Human Race” and Other Sermons Preached at Cheltenham, Oxford, and Brighton, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Franklin Square, →OCLC，第 233 頁:

In all the present cases it is the aortic valves that are the source of the mischief. Vegetations, massive, tough, and often calcareous have formed upon these valves, and as they were drive to and fro by the blood-stream have fretted the parts with which they came into contact, and aneurysm at these spots has been the frequent result.

1886年January5日, Samuel West, “Some Aneurysms of the Heart, Many of the Cases Exhibiting the Effects of Erosion”, 出自 Transactions of the Pathological Society of London, 第 XXXVII (Comprising the Report of the Proceedings for the Session 1885–86) 卷s, London: Smith, Elder & Co., 15, Waterloo Place, →OCLC，第 159 頁:

Fret not thy ſelfe becauſe of euill doers, neither bee thou enuious againſt the workers of iniquitie.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 37:1:

A wristband frets on the edges.

This, as Maury remarks, "suggested the idea that there was no running water nor abrading forces at play upon the bed of the deep sea, and consequently, if ever an electric cord were lodged upon the telegraphic plateau, there it would lie in cold abstraction; without anything to fret, chafe or wear, save alone the tooth of time."

1893, A[lexander] Fraser-Macdonald, “The North Atlantic Viewed as a Region Traversed by Our Ocean Railways”, 出自 Our Ocean Railways: Or, The Rise, Progress, and Development of Ocean Steam Navigation, London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC，第 239 頁:

Had Carry preferred mere wealth, weighed by such a master, to the congenial spirit of her former lover? It fretted the young man even to think of such a possibility. And the visitors had fretted him each in some special point.

1882 June, [Margaret Oliphant], “The Ladies Lindores.—Part III.”, 出自 Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, 第 CXXXI (American edition, volume XCIV) 卷, 第 DCCC 期, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Co., 41 Barclay Street, →OCLC, chapter VII，第 708 頁，第 2 列:

Of all the queer collections of humans outside of a crazy asylum, it seemed to me this sanitarium was the cup winner. But, after all, I shouldn't have expected nothing different. When you're well enough off so's you don't have to fret about anything but your heft or your diseases you begin to get queer, I suppose.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, 章號 5, 出自 Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D. Appleton and Company, →OCLC, →OL，第 115–116 頁s:

Recruits have also fretted that the shares included in their offer letters could quickly become devalued if Mr. Musk succeeded in taking Twitter private.

2022年April25日, Kate Conger, “Twitter Employees Search for Answers as Musk Deal Takes Shape”, 出自 The New York Times, →ISSN:

Rancour frets in the malignant breast.

Beyond Tabor, the ſmall river Luſchnitze frets over craggy rocks, covered with thick woods, through which you continue your journey for three German miles, [...]

1789, John Gillies, 章號 II, 出自 A View of the Reign of Frederick II. of Prussia; with a Parallel between the Prince and Philip II. of Macedon, Printed for A[ndrew] Strahan, and T[homas] Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC，第 142 頁:

And mid-way through the channel met / Conflicting tides that foam and fret, / And high their mingled billows jet, / As spears, that, in the battle set, / Spring upward as they break.

1815, Walter Scott, “The Lord of the Isles”, 出自 The Poetical Works of Walter Scott: Complete in One Volume, Frankfurt: Printed by and for H. L. Brœnner, 出版於 1826, →OCLC, canto I，第 130 頁:

The sea frets itself around it [South Stack, Wales, UK] and gurgles in the cavern; ledges and reefs abut on it.

1891 June, William H[enry] Rideing, “Safety on the Atlantic”, 出自 Scribner’s Magazine, 第 IX 卷, 第 6 期, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner's Sons; London: F[rederick] Warne & Co., →OCLC，第 700 頁，第 2 列:

It is important to allow beer to flatten, after it has ceased working. This is accomplished by leaving the casks open, when the small floating particles of yeast part with their fixed air, lose their buoyancy, and sink to the bottom. [...] The beer having thus deposited its remaining yeast will not be liable to fret.

1856, “The Art of Brewing”, 出自 The Brewer: A Familiar Treatise on the Art of Brewing, with Directions for the Selection of Malt and Hops, &c., &c.: Instructions for Making Cider and British Wines: Also, a Description of the New and Improved Brewing Saccharometer and Slide Rule, with Full Instructions for Their Use, London: William R[obert] Loftus, 6, Beaufoy Terrace, Edgeware Road, →OCLC，第 50 頁:


fret

來自中古英語 frēten (“裝飾”)，來自古法語 freté、freter、fretter (“裝飾”)，來自古法語 fret（來自fraindre (“打破”)，來自拉丁語 frangō (“破壞，粉碎”)，來自原始意大利語 *frangō，源頭來自原始印歐語 *bʰreg- (“破壞”)）+ 古法語 -er (動詞形後綴)（來自拉丁語 -āre，源頭來自原始印歐語 *h₃enh₂- (“重壓”)）。

（尤指用交錯或交織的圖案）裝飾； 用雕刻或浮雕裝飾

The sun shone brilliantly through the trembling leaves, birds of many colors flitted from spray to spray, butterflies and bright insects crossed the fretted work of light and shade.

1882年July29日, J. Henry Shorthouse, “The Marquis Jeanne Hyacinth De St. Palaye [from Macmillan’s Magazine]”, 出自 Littel’s Living Age, 第 XXXIX (Fifth Series; volume CLIV overall) 卷, 第 1988 期, Boston, Mass.: Littel & Co., →OCLC, section V，第 228 頁，第 1 列:


fret

來自中古英語 freten (“捆”)，來自古法語 freter，來自frete (“金屬包頭”)（現代法語 frette）。用來表示音樂意思的源頭未知；可能來自 frete 或來自 fret（摩擦）。

音樂方面的意思： 在（樂器）上裝上品

to fret a guitar

音樂方面的意思： 將琴弦壓在品的後面


bonjour

來自法語 bonjour (“你好；早安”)。

He went on down the boulevard, bonjouring right and left, lifting his hat, bowing. He moved very slowly.

1938, Donald Barr Chidsey, Each one was alone:

Connaughton entered the simple but cheery restaurant, checked his coat, bonjoured the maître d'...

1988, Gary Hart, The Strategies of Zeus:

They bonjoured back and stood there awkwardly. Finally, Flood broke the silence.

2005, James H Irwin, Mokanshan: A Tale of Wallis Simpson's Naughty Shanghai Postcards:


violin

[ˌvaɪ̯ɪ̈ˈlɪn]


harp

繼承自中古英語 harpe，繼承自古英語 hearpe (“豎琴”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *harpā，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *harpǭ (“豎琴”)。同源詞包括低地蘇格蘭語 hairp (“豎琴”)、西弗里斯蘭語 harpe、harp (“豎琴”)、低地德語 Harp (“豎琴”)、荷蘭語 harp (“豎琴”)、德語 Harfe (“豎琴”)、丹麥語 harpe (“豎琴”)、瑞典語 harpa (“豎琴”)。

重複提及某個話題，尤其是為了嘮叨或抱怨

Why do you harp on a single small mistake?

為什麼你要對一個小錯誤喋喋不休呢？（美式用法）

Why do you harp on about a single small mistake?

為什麼你要對一個小錯誤喋喋不休呢？（英式用法）

以技巧和藝術來發展或表達；像豎琴一樣發出聲音

Thou harped my fear aright.

你正確地表達了我的恐懼。

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]:


English

源自中古英語 Englisch、English、Inglis，來自古英語 Englisċ (“盎格魯人的；英格蘭的”)，來自Engle (“盎格魯人，日耳曼部落”) + -isċ；等同於Angle + -ish。對比荷蘭語 Engels、丹麥語 engelsk、古法語 Englesche（法語 anglais的來源）, 德語 englisch、西班牙語 inglés，最初來源為原始印歐語 *h₂enǵʰ- (“窄的”)（對比梵語 अंहु (aṃhu, “窄的”)、अंहस् (aṃhas, “緊張；罪惡”)、拉丁語 angustus (“窄的”)、古教會斯拉夫語 ѫзъкъ (ǫzŭkŭ, “窄的”)）。

[…] severe prohibuit viris suis tum misceri feminas in consuetis suis menstruis, etc. I spare to English this which I have said.

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
, page 214 (2001 reprint):

Mamma is an adaptation of a French farce by Mr. Sydney Grundy, made in the time when his chief claim to recognition as a playwright lay in his ingenious aptitude for Englishing the un-Englishable.

1901, The Speaker, the Liberal Review - Volume 3，第 654 頁:

Here, the poems are Englished by twelve different translators

2011, Colin Cheney, 'Where Should I Start with Tomas Tranströmer?':


French

繼承自中古英語 Frenche、Frensch、Frensc、Frenshe、Frenk、Franche，來自古英語 Frenċisċ (“法語”)，來自原始西日耳曼語 *Frankisk (“法蘭克”)，等同於Frank + -ish (對照Frankish)。與西佛蘭德語 Fransch (“法語”)、荷蘭語 Frans (“法語”)、中古低地德語 vranksch、frenkisch、vrenkesch、vrenksch (“法語”)、中古高地德語 frenkisch、frensch （“法蘭克的，法蘭西的”；> 德語 fränkisch (“法蘭克尼亞”)）、丹麥語 fransk (“法語”)、瑞典語 fransk、fransysk (“法語”)、冰島語 franska (“法語”)同源。
用作粗俗語言的義項，其通常指早期19世紀上層階級實際使用的法語表達 (但通常輕微無禮)，後來被下層階級用作罵人的話，因為他們認為聽者不會熟悉這些用語。
用來指苦艾酒的義項，是French vermouth的簡稱。

french的大小寫替代形式

Even before I thought about what I was doing we Frenched and kissed with tongues.

1995, Jack Womack, Random Acts of Senseless Violence，第 87 頁:


substance

繼承自中古英語 substance，來自古法語 substance，來自拉丁語 substantia (“實質，本質”)，來自substāns，substō (“存在”, 字面意思是“站在下面”)的現在主動分詞，來自sub + stō (“站立”)。取代本土的古英語 andweorc。

賦予實質內容；使其變得真實或充實

If life were nothing but what gets phrased and substanced, the world might as well be rolled up and laid away again in darkness.

1873, Adeline Dutton Train Whitney, The Other Girls，第 335 頁:

The calm ruminating / Reverie, substancing / Intellect into emotion, / Is shelter enough for love / Unhumiliated by faith.

1982, Dhupaty V. K. Raghavacharyulu, The Song of the Red Rose and Other Poems，第 78 頁:


gangrene

來自法語 gangrène，來自拉丁語 gangraena，來自古希臘語 γάγγραινα (gángraina, “壞疽”)。

/ˈɡaŋˌɡɹiːn/

Vulneration or section sometimes procures a Gangrene, when the vital Principle is so debilitated, or enormous by the would, that instead of a good suppuration and vigorous transmutation, a depraved matter is generated, which corrupts and gangrenes the part: and thus a small cut of a finger or Toe hath gangrened, and killed the person: but in greater Wounds, the danger is greater, as more frequently to happen.

1682, Pains afflicting humane bodies, their various Difference, Causes, Parts affected, Signals of Danger or Safety，第 204 頁:

An intensely biting frost will gangrene the membrane ; a foggy state of the atmosphere, with low, black, stagnant exhalations, accompanied with sudden, frequent intermissions, interchanges, and oscillations of dryness and moisture, expansion and condensation, will corrupt and putrify both the membrane and the mucous discharge.

1762 December, John Chandler, “A Treatise of the Disease called a Cold”, 出自 The critical review, or annals of literature, 第 12 卷，第 423 頁:

For where it chances to be successful, it is like the copper shot of the Mexicans, which gangrenes the wound.

1851 December, “The Wit and Wickedness of Sarcasm”, 出自 The Ladies' Repository, 第 20 卷，第 224 頁:

If a man had a sore leg, and he should go to an honest, judicious chirurgeon, and he should only bid him keep it warm, and anoint it with such an oil, (an oil well known) that would do the cure; haply he would not much regard him, because he knows the medicine, beforehand an ordinary medicine; but if he should go to a surgeon that should tell him, your leg will gangrene within three days, and it must be cut off, and you will die, unless you do something that I could tell you, what listening there would be to this man?

1786, John Selden, Table Talk: Being the Discourses of John Selden:

The leg will gangrene if the superficial femoral vessels be torn.

1911, British Medical Journal - Volume 1911, Issues 1-3，第 239 頁:

If not, the toe will gangrene and fall off.

2005, Nikki Moustaki, Parrots For Dummies，第 282 頁:

That is true,” replied Almira, “nothing can be performed without labor, and where there is labor there will be discontent, and where there is no labor there will be heart-burning and jealousy about insignificant trifles, such as gangrenes the real pleasures of contemplation within these walls; walls, which would otherwise hold out an asylum, much to be prized by those who have been unfortunate, who have lost all their friends, or who are weary of the world."

1801, George Walker, The Three Spaniards:

The Stuart Restoration period was a necessary sequence of the Puritan period, and there is a similar cause for the sensualism that gangrenes the heart of our morbidly prudish Society of to-day.

1889 July, John Miller, “The Abuse of Marriage”, 出自 The Centennial Magazine: An Australian Monthly, 第 2 卷, 第 12 號，第 902 頁:

The same delusion will gangrene England within the lifetime of most men of military age unless she will realize that gold is dross ; that her poets, her artists, and her scholars are her very soul.

1930, P.R. Stephensen, The Legend of Aleister Crowley: A Study of the Facts:


keyboard

Keyboarding is the part of this job I hate the most.


edit

editor 的逆構詞。受到法语 éditer（出版，发行）的影响。


bottleneck

The merge bottlenecked the traffic every morning.

车道合并导致每天早上交通都会拥堵。

The traffic bottlenecked at the merge every morning.

车道合并处每天早上都会出现阻塞情况。


account

:< 中古英语 < 盎格鲁-诺尔曼语 acunt（同义） < 古法语 acont < 古法语 aconter < 拉丁语 computo（计算）

She thinks he's wonderful─oh well, there's no accounting for taste.　 她认为他了不起 嗯，算了，人各有所好嘛。

there's no accounting for taste saying（词组）　人的爱憎好恶是无法解释的；人各有所好


imagine

< 古法語 imaginer < 拉丁語 imāginor < imāginem ,imāgō (“圖像，畫像”)的賓格單數形式。

（不及物）使發揮某人的想象力

（及物）有目的地圖謀；密謀；策劃


accuse

accuse sb of (doing) something 指控某人（做了）某事


advise

建議（動詞，其名詞形式是advice）


bill

啄，(鸠等)亲昵地碰嘴。


blame

繼承自中古英語 blamen，源自古法語 blasmer，來自晚期拉丁語 blasphēmāre (“責罵，辱罵”)，來自古希臘語 βλασφημέω (blasphēméō)。blaspheme 的同源對似詞。從本土詞wite (“責備、指責、譴責、懷疑”)（來自中古英語 wīten、中古英語 wītan）變為常見用語。

though my loue be not so lewdly bent, / As those ye blame, yet may it nought appease / My raging smart [...].

尽管我的爱不像你说的卑贱，/ 然而我剧烈的痛苦一点未减，/ 也没法熄灭我心中的火焰 …

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book III, Canto II”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

That was the year that Sir Richard was writing his volume on Domestic Life in Tartary. The critics all blamed it for a lack of concentration.

1919, Saki, ‘The Oversight’, The Toys of Peace:

I covered the serious programmes too, and indeed, right from the start, I spent more time praising than blaming.

2006, Clive James, North Face of Soho, Picador, 出版於 2007，第 106 頁:

For knighthoods loue, do not so foule a deed, / Ne blame your honour with so shamefull vaunt / Of vile reuenge.

别这样无耻复仇，丢自己的脸。

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book II, Canto VIII”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

The student driver was blamed for the accident.

事故责任归咎于学生司机。

After what happened at the wedding, I wouldn't blame you if you never spoke to them again.

婚礼上发生了那件事之后，如果你再也不和他们说话了，我不会责怪你。

We blamed the accident on the student driver.

我们把事故归咎于学生司机。


broadcast

Japanese simultaneous interpreter and translator Eriko Sekiya in an NHK Radio studio, from which she broadcasts (verb sense 3) a programme on introductory business English
日本同聲傳譯家、翻譯家関谷英里子正在NHK演播室，她在此作客介紹商務英語初級課程的節目
Paddy being broadcast (verb sense 4) or sown by hand in Chaudwar, Odisha, India
印度奧里薩邦喬烏德瓦爾的手工播撒稻種
broad + cast。

broadcasts
broadcasting
broadcast
broadcasted

過去式和過去分詞可用 broadcast 或 broadcasted，但 broadcast 更常用。截止2019年，Google Books 給出326,000個有關 "was broadcast"的結果，而"was broadcasted"的結果為12,900個。

When the boys reached the business section of Bayport they found that Jackley's confession had already become known. The local radio station had broadcast it in the afternoon news program and people everywhere were discussing it.

1927年June1日, Franklin W. Dixon [pseudonym: Leslie McFarlane], “A Surprise”, 出自 The Tower Treasure (The Hardy Boys; no. 1), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC:

Practicing vocational service to the limit of one's vision makes a difference whether an employer regards his employees as "robots or human beings"; it makes a difference in the kind of advertisements he publishes or broadcasts; it makes a difference how he reacts under pressure from a competitor; it makes a difference in the quality of his service.

1967 January, “Four Avenues of Service”, 出自 Adventure in Service (Pamphlet [Rotary International]; 52), Evanston, Ill., Zurich: Rotary International, →OCLC，第 69 頁:

The TV is broadcasting a FUZZY PICTURE that shows the weatherman from WVII, the Bango ABC affiliate.

1999 February, Stephen King, “Act 3”, 出自 Storm of the Century, trade paperback版, New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books, →ISBN，第 175 頁:

The state of Rhode Island was the scene, on October 30, 1974, of yet another scare involving an adaptation of The War of the Worlds. Broadcast on radio station WPRO, Providence, the drama frightened listeners across the state. The play began with reporters covering a "meteor crash" near Jamestown, the purported Martian landing site. […] City fire stations and other radio and TV outlets reported being inundated with inquiries from anxious callers, as was WPRO, which received more than a hundred calls.

2005, Robert E. Bartholomew, “Introduction”, 出自 H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, The War of the Worlds, New York, N.Y.: Cosimo Books, →ISBN，第 8 頁:

The Royal Shakespeare Company will today become the first theatre in the UK to broadcast Shakespeare direct into schools. A production of Richard II, starring David Tennant in the title role, is going to be streamed free of charge into classrooms up and down the country.

2013年November15日, “Shakespeare broadcast direct into schools for first time”, 出自 ITV News，於2017-06-13歸檔自原頁面:

將訊息傳播到廣大地區；（尤指）一次性將同一封電郵發給許多人

The break with imperialism and the liberation of Russia from the predatory war, the publication of the secret treaties and the solemn abrogation of the policy of seizing foreign soil, the proclamation of national freedom and the recognition of the independence of Finland, the declaration of Russia as a "Federation of Soviet National Republics" and the militant battle-cry of a resolute struggle against imperialism broadcast all over the world by the Soviet government in millions of pamphlets, newspapers, and leaflets in the mother tongues of the peoples of the East and West—all this could not fail to have its effect on the enslaved East and the bleeding West.

[1934], Joseph Stalin, “The October Revolution and the National Question”, 出自 The October Revolution: A Collection of Articles & Speeches (Marxist Library), London: Martin Lawrence, →OCLC, section III (The International Importance of the October Revolution)，第 15–16 頁s:

However, truth and lies can usually be confirmed or denied by speaking with eyewitnesses of events in order to verify what took place. The amount of time separating the event in question from when it was broadcasted also makes a difference.

2014, Greg[ory J.] Monette, The Wrong Jesus: Fact, Belief, Legend, Truth … Making Sense of What You’ve Heard, Colorado Springs, Colo.: NavPress in alliance with Tyndale House Publishers, →ISBN，第 178 頁:

Urban legend has it that someone is monitoring all those e-mails broadcast from your work address. Hard to imagine a more boring job but the truth is, and I shouldn't have to tell people this, the record of those e-mails is in a server somewhere and it can be monitored.

2016, Richard A. Moran, “That Permanent Record”, 出自 The Thing about Work: Showing Up and Other Important Matters: A Worker’s Manual, Brookline, Mass.: Bibliomotion, →ISBN:

She [Françoise Dolto] is most well known in France for her broadcasts on France-Inter, Lorsque l'enfant parait; she broadcasted for twelve minutes every day of the week for two years, answering parents' questions.

2009, Sian Morgan, “Françoise Dolto: A Biography”, 出自 Theory and Practice in Child Psychoanalysis: An Introduction to the Work of Françoise Dolto, London: Karnac Books, →ISBN，第 22 頁:

I ſhall content myſelf, […] to ſay that the ſeed ſhoud be ſown in the garden, or very good ground, in rows, or broadcaſt, and as ſoon as the plants are of the ſize of a gooſe-quill, to be tranſplanted in rows of eighteen inches diſtance, and eighteen inches apart, one plant from the other: […]

1789, Thomas Boothby Parkyns, “Some Account of the Racine de Disette, or Root of Scarcity, of Its Utility, and the Mode of Treating It; from a Letter of Thomas Boothby Parkyns, Esq., Addressed to the Secretary of the above-mentioned Society [the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce].—From the Same Work [vol. 5 of the Transactions of the Society].”, 出自 The Annual Register, or A View of the History, Politics, and Literature, London: Printed for J[ames] Dodsley, in Pall-Mall, →OCLC，第 80 頁，第 1 列:

I wanted to grow my own cut flowers for the big day so three months earlier I broadcasted an annual seed mix across a few recently cleared borders.

2013年November9日, Sarah Price, “Breathing new life into an old garden [print edition: New life, old garden]”, 出自 The Daily Telegraph (Gardening), London，於2016-05-15歸檔自原頁面，第 G1 頁:


chairman

chairmans
chairmaning
chairmanning
chairmaned
chairmanned


compare

由 com + par （平等）構成 compar，演化至拉丁語 comparare，演化至古法語 comparer，引進于晚期中古英語。

對比、比對、比較（縮寫 cf. 或 cp.）
compare A and B -- 對比 A 與 B

對比、比對、比較（縮寫 cf. 或 cp.）
compare A with/to B -- 對比 A 與 B

They always compare their situation and ours. 他們總是對比他們和我們的處境。


design

She designed his retirement from the Royal Irish Artillery, and had negociated an immediate berth for him on the Staff of the Commander of the Forces, and a prospective one in the household of Lord Townshend […]

1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard:

The king designed to mount an expedition to the New World.

He was designed to the study of the law.

1700, John Dryden, Translations from Ovid's Epistles, Preface:


earthquake

繼承自中古英語 erthequake，可以拆解為 earth + quake。取代了中古英語 eorð byfung (“地震”)，後者源自古英語 eorþbeofung (字面意思是“土地搖動”)。

Watch the Philippines very closely for the next little while. There is rumbling and earthquaking deep within Pinatubo and increased earthquaking within Mayon.

1993, Gyeorgos C. Hatonn, The Best of Times: The Worst of Times，第 129 頁:


estimate

借自拉丁語 aestimatus，是aestimō的過去分詞，舊形式為aestumo (“重視，尊敬，評價”)；來自古拉丁語 *ais-temos (“切銅的人”)，意指在羅馬共和國鑄造牆壁的人。參見esteem 的同源對似詞，以及aim。

I estimate that I need 400 board feet of lumber to complete a job, and then order 350 because I do not want a surplus, or perhaps order 450 because I do not want to make any subsequent orders.

1965, Ian Hacking, Logic of Statistical Inference:

Higher real prices for durables are estimated to have reduced their consumption per capita by 1.09% in 1930, […]

2003, Alexander J. Field, Gregory Clark, William A. Sundstrom, Research in Economic History:

It is always very difficult to estimate the age in which you are living.

1870, John Campbell Shairp, Culture and Religion in Some of Their Relations:


evaporate

/ɪˈvæpəɹeɪt/

使蒸發；使脫水；揮發,蒸發,蒸發鹽


hijack

劫持，盜取，搶奪，搶劫。


insult

- Marvel owns your gods!
- Insulting is not arguing.


mob

源自中古英語 mob，mobile的縮略,，源自英語 mobile (“mōbile (vulgus)”)。遊戲中的意思源自mobile，由Richard Bartle用於早期MUD。

圍觀（某人），有時充滿敵意。

Politicians have been turning up to Glastonbury for years, but this year the leader of the opposition was among the most hotly anticipated attractions: when he arrived on site, his Land Rover was mobbed by fans.

2017年June26日, Alexis Petridis, “Glastonbury 2017 verdict: Radiohead, Foo Fighters, Lorde, Stormzy and more”, 出自 the Guardian:


pressure

[ˈpɹɛʃ.ə(ɹ)]


produce

繼承自中古英語 produce，來自拉丁語 prōdūcō。

/pɹəˈd͡ʒuːs/

/ˈpɹɒd͡ʒuːs/


suspect

來自古法語 suspect，來自拉丁語 suspectus，suspiciō (“不信任，懷疑”)的完整體被動分詞，來自sub (“底下”) + speciō (“看，看著”)。

揣測；想象或假設某事物為真或存在

to suspect the presence of disease

From her hand I could suspect no ill.

1667, John Milton, “Book 9”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

WikiLeaks did not cause these uprisings but it certainly informed them. The dispatches revealed details of corruption and kleptocracy that many Tunisians suspected, but could not prove, and would cite as they took to the streets.

2013年June7日, Gary Younge, “Hypocrisy lies at heart of Manning prosecution”, 出自 The Guardian Weekly, 第 188 卷, 第 26 期，第 18 頁:

to suspect the truth of a story

An inhabitant of Gubio, in the duchy of Urbino, in Italy, suspecting the fidelity of his wife, he, in a fit of jealousy, in order to find out whether his suspicion was true, did what the ecclesiastick history informs us Origen did from devotion.

1785, James Ridgway, A Dictionary of Literary Conversation:

I suspect him of being the thief.


reject

*源自晚期的中古英語 rejecten ← 拉丁語 rēiectus ，rēicere（“扔回”） 的過去分詞形式 ← rē- （“回”）+ iacere（“扔”）。
*該詞代替了如下近義詞：中古英語 forwerpen (“拋棄”)(源自古英語 forweorpan)； 中古英語 forcasten(“扔掉”) (源自古諾爾斯語 forkasta)；中古英語 skirpen(“使噴湧而出”)(源自古諾爾斯語 skirpa (“吐出”))；中古英語 wernen(“拒絕，回絕”) (源自古英語 wiernan (“拒絕，回絕”))；中古英語 withchosen, withchesen（“拒絕”）(源自古英語 wiþċēosan (“拒絕”))。

她甚至拒絕了我的改進后的建議。


tablet

tablets
tableting
tabletting
tableted
tabletted


quarter

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-quarter.wav


season

使(談話、故事等)增添趣味


substitutes

substitute 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


tomahawk

借自東阿爾岡昆語支 ，有可能是波瓦坦語 tumahák；對照馬里希特-帕薩瑪奎迪語 tomhikon (“斧”)、阿貝納基語 temahigan、demahigan (“斧”)。

Not satisfied with tomahawking our colleagues in the country, they ask the scanty remnant in the House to join in the scalp dance.

1906, FE Smith, maiden speech to House of Commons, 12 Mar 1906:

环绕或砍倒（一块土地）周围的树木，以获得它的所有权。

He was the owner of 1,300 acres of land bought from the government and located where the city of Lexington, Ky., now stands. After his marriage he tomahawked an area of 600 acres near Carmichaelstown, […]

1909, Samuel Gordon Smyth, A Genealogy of the Duke-Shepherd-Van Metre Family: From Civil, Military, Church and Family Records and Documents, page 67:

Meantime, Silas Zane passed on and came to the forks, and admiring the locality, he tomahawked his right to it, securing one thousand acres.

1915, Chronicles of the Cochrans: Being a Series of Historical Events and Narratives, in which Members of this Family Have Played a Prominent Part, page 55:


windmill

源自中古英語 wyndmylne，wyndmylle，相當於 wind + mill。與低地蘇格蘭語 wyndmyln，wyndmyl，薩特弗里斯蘭語 Wíendmäälne，西弗里斯蘭語 wynmûne，荷蘭語 windmolen, 南非語 windmeul，下薩克森荷蘭語 windmölle (Achterhooks)，wiendmeule (Drents, Veluws)，德國低地德語 Windmöhl，德語 Windmühle，丹麥語 vindmølle，書面挪威語 vindmølle, 新挪威語 vindmølle，vindmylne，瑞典語 vindmölla，冰島語 vindmylla 同源。


gen

使用自動程式生成，尤指計算機程式

Defining the devices so that they will be genned during the sysgen and installation is the other half.

1991, Bruce H. Hunter, Karen Bradford Hunter, UNIX Systems: Advanced Administration and Management Handbook:

The older, genned files are difficult to keep up-to-date and are unsupported for some newer NICs.

1993, Debra R. Niedermiller-Chaffins, Drew Heywood, Inside Novell NetWare, →ISBN，第 100 頁:

As the capacities of the large servers are exceeded, a new server is genned into the RAC cluster.

2010, Donald K. Burleson, Oracle Tuning: The Definitive Reference, →ISBN，第 1109 頁:

The Turing factories on Isis's small moon had fallen short of productivity goals, though another two factory units had been genned.

2012, Robert Charles Wilson, Bios, →ISBN:


gen

Samples could be taken from the original, and plans could be made, but genning could not be initiated until death had occurred.

2008, Bart Dahmer, Primal Screams, →ISBN，第 36 頁:

Her nurturer ears, genned to be hyper-sensitive, had to be hurting from the noise.

2011, Karen Sandler, Tankborn, →ISBN，第 28 頁:


welsh

有人認為源自Welsh (“威爾士人”)的貶義，但缺乏明確證據。對比gyp (“詐騙”)（可能源自gypsy (“吉普賽人”)）和jew (“騙取”)（源自Jew (“猶太人”)）。

以不支付債務（尤指賭債）的方式詐騙


wales

wale的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


abscess

派生自拉丁語 abscessus，源自abscēdō (“走開，離開”)，源自 abs (“遠離”) + cēdō (“走”)。參見cede。


advocate

借自古法語 advocat，来自拉丁語 advocātus（advocāre (“呼籲”)）的過去分詞，借译自古希臘語 παράκλητος (paráklētos)（英語 paraclete的词源）。advoke、avouch、 和 avow 的同源對似詞。

（及物动词）主张，拥护，鼓吹。

我喜歡樹，但我不主张住在樹里。

I like trees, but I do not advocate living in them.

“localist” politicians who advocate self-determination to be voted into power

主張用選票實現自治的“本土派”


approximate

來自拉丁語 approximatus，是approximare (“接近”)的現在分詞；ad + proximare，見proximate。


carrot

源自中古法語 carotte ← 拉丁語 carōta ← 古希臘語 καρῶτον (karôton)。同carotte。代替本土詞more ← 古英語 moru。
* “激勵的工具”是指carrot and stick (“胡蘿蔔加大棒”)。
* 動詞一義源自烘乾後皮毛呈橙色。

（毛氈製作工藝中）給毛皮用硝酸汞處理


collide

來自拉丁語 collidere (“撞击或碰撞在一起”)，來自com- (“一起”) + laedere (“打，猛力反抗，傷害”)；參見lesion。

When a body collides with another, then momentum is conserved.

当一个物体与另一个物体碰撞时，动量是守恒的。

Across this space the attraction urges them. They collide, they recoil, they oscillate.

1865, John Tyndall, The Constitution of the Universe (1869), page 14

And this friendly was not without its injury worries, with defender Gary Cahill substituted early on after a nasty, needless push by Dries Mertens that caused him to collide with goalkeeper Joe Hart, an incident that left the Chelsea defender requiring a precautionary X-ray at Wembley.

2012年June2日, Phil McNulty, “England 1-0 Belgium”, 出自 BBC Sport:

China collided with the modern world.

中國和現代世界發生了衝突。


consensus

源自拉丁語 cōnsēnsus (“同意，一致”)，來自cōnsentiō (“共感；同意”)；參見consent。

尋求共識；進行討論，以達成共同協議

I think we a strongly consensused society. There was a consensus during the 1950's, the Eisenhower years, in our society. Then in the 1960's came a period of division.

1975, United States. Bureau of the Census, The Census Bureau (page 168)

None of this consensusing was done with the Manual. There were no national workshops, forums, etc.

1992, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Environment, The Science of Wetland Definition and Delineation: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Environment of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session, November 12, 1991 (page 185)


consume

標準英音，英國，澳大利亞

To use（使用；耗費）

To eat（吃；食用）


conversation

繼承自中古英語 conversacioun，來自古法語 conversacion及其同源詞，拉丁語 conversātiōnem，conversātiō (“會話”)的賓格單數，來自conversor (“駐足，陪伴”)。
型態分析為converse + -ation。

[ˌkʰɒɱ.vəˈseɪ.ʃn̩]

[ˌkʰɑɱ.vɚˈseɪ.ʃn̩]

Gone now are the "high-minded" style, the "adapted from literature" feel, the voice-over narration, and the abstract conversationing about ideas, values...

1983, James Frederick Mason, Hélène Joséphine Harvitt, The French review:

...he has breakfasted me, dined me, conversationed me, absolutely caressed me. He has been really most kind and paternal...

1989, Robert L Gale, A Henry James encyclopedia:

After all this conversationing, Scottie, my usual dance partner, was getting antsy and wanted to dance.

2002, Georgie Nickell, I Only Smoke on Thursdays:


convince

源自拉丁語 convincō (“說服，駁斥”)，來自con- + vincō (“攻佔，征服”)。convict 的同源對似詞。替代本土古英語 oferreċċan。

I wouldn't have or do something, unless I'm convinced that it's good.

Such convincing proofs and assurances of it as might enable them to convince others.

1718, Francis Atterbury, sermon preached on Easter Day at Westminster Abbey

[…]his two Chamberlaines / Will I with Wine, and Waſſell, ſo conuince, / That Memorie, the Warder of the Braine, / Shall be a Fume,[…]

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene vii]，第 135 頁:

And therfore, God neuer wrought Miracle, to conuince Atheiſme, becauſe his Ordinary Works conuince it.

1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Atheisme. XVI.”, 出自 The Essayes […], 3rd版, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC，第 90 頁:

Which of you conuinceth mee of ſinne?

你們中間誰能指證我有罪呢？

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, John 8:46，第 1 列:


deserve

繼承自中古英語 deserven，來自古法語 deservir，來自拉丁語 dēserviō，來自dē- + serviō。

After playing so well, the team really deserved their win.

打得如此出色，这支球队确实配得上胜利。

After what he did, he deserved to go to prison.

他做了那样的事，就该坐牢。

This argument deserves a closer examination.

这一论点值得进一步研究。

God exacteth of thee less than thine iniquity deserveth.

神追討你，比你罪孽該得的還少。

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 11:6:

John Gay deserved to be a favourite.

1853, William Makepeace Thackeray, The English Humorists of the Eighteenth Century:

the grantees named in the questioned deed executed by their father richly deserved receiving the family home.

Perhaps they do, but they don't deserve that the rest of us contribute money or appropriate public funds for the purchase of pictures and the construction of buildings.

2008, Michael Walzer, Spheres Of Justice: A Defense Of Pluralism And Equality，第 24 頁:

That gentle Lady, whom I loue and serue, / After long suit and weary seruicis, / Did aske me, how I could her loue deserue, / And how she might be sure, that I would neuer swerue.

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book III, Canto VII”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

Pray you, lead on. At every house I'll call; / I may command at most. Get weapons, ho! / And raise some special officers of night. / On, good Roderigo: I'll deserve your pains.

约1603–1604年, 威廉·莎士比亚, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice [奥赛罗]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (第一对开本), 伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, (请用大写罗马数字指定剧本幕号，并用小写罗马数字指定剧本场号):

A man that hath / So well deserved me.

c. 1619–22, Philip Massinger and John Fletcher, A Very Woman


devil

devils
deviling
devilling
deviled
devilled


disintegrate

崩潰，分裂；分解；蛻變；衰變；倒塌


dispatch

(货物从发货地、商家)寄出


dissuade

Jane dissuaded Martha from committing suicide.


emigrate

源自拉丁語 emigratus, emigro (“搬走、移走、離開某個地方”) 的完成時被動分詞，源自 ex- (“出於，從”) + migro (“移動、移除、離開”)。

They [the Huns] were emigrating from Tartary into Europe in the time of the Goths.

1872, John Henry Newman, Historical Sketches:


entertain

[ˌɛɾ̃ɚˈtʰeɪn]

招待，款待; 使欢乐, 使娱乐


escalate

Violence escalated during the election.

The shooting escalated the existing hostility.

槍擊事件使現有的敵意升級。

"Operating the WCML at this intensity makes it challenging to maintain acceptable performance levels, resulting in a frustratingly unreliable service for passengers. Minor disruption can escalate into significant delays because a train running only a few minutes late can miss its slot across a junction, resulting in a snowballing effect across the network."

2020年May6日, Philip Haigh, “Just one more stop on the long journey to HS2 fulfillment [sic]”, 出自 Rail，第 65 頁:

在技術支援中，將客戶或問題等移交給上一級主管部門。

The tech 1 escalated the caller to a tech 2.

技術員1將來電者轉移給技術員2。


estate

繼承自中古英語 estat，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 estat和古法語 estat（法語：état），來自拉丁語 status。state和status 的同源對似詞。


ether

源自2001年美國歌手纳斯的歌曲“Ether”。

The battle rapper ethered his opponent and caused him to slink away in shame.

那個說唱歌手惡毒地羞辱了他的對手一番，整得他溜走了。

HS Coach Gets Ethered By Girlfriend On FB, Resigns Amid Investigation [article title] […] On Monday, a woman living in Bowling Green, Ky., used her Facebook page to unleash one of the coldest, boyfriend-crushingest Dear John letters you'll ever read.

2014年February26日, Tom Ley, “HS Coach Gets Ethered by Girlfriend on FB, Resigns Amid Investigation”, 出自 Deadspin，於2018-10-22歸檔自原頁面:

Cory Barker: Game of Thrones is the easiest answer for me, but MaryAnn [Sleasman] did a fine job of ethering that overrated hunk of junk, so I'm free to take a few shots at Sherlock.

2015年August15日, “Pass the Remote: What is a Popular Show Everyone Loves but You Hate?”, 出自 TV.com，於2018-12-20歸檔自原頁面:

Best of all, [Steven] Soderbergh, a shade queen of our time!!!, slyly ethers James Cameron: […]

2015年September15日, Kirsten Yoonsoo Kim, “Steven Soderbergh Ethers James Cameron to Promote His Brandy”, 出自 Complex，於2015-09-19歸檔自原頁面:

On Wednesday, I found myself nodding along vigorously to the latest Kanye West Twitter screed, as this particular iteration included a call for more inclusion at the Grammys and one extremely polite ethering of Macklemore.

2016年February25日, Rohan Nadkarni, “How does Kanye West Tweet So Fast?: Some Working Theories—because these Rants are Coming at a Record Speed”, 出自 GQ，於2016-02-28歸檔自原頁面:


fare

成功（或不成功、更好等）


fry

源自中古英語 fryen，借自古法語 frire，源自拉丁語 frīgō (“炸”)，源自原始印歐語 *bʰer-。同源於古希臘語 φρύγω (phrúgō, “烤”)，梵語 भृज्जति (bhṛjjati, “烤”)，भृग् (bhṛg)。替換中古英語 hirsten，源自古英語 hierstan (“to fry”)。


garlic

早期寫法garlick、garlicke，來自中古英語 garlek、garlik，來自古英語 gārlēac (“大蒜”, 字面意思是“矛-韭蔥”)，來自gār (“矛”, 指蒜瓣) + lēac (“韭蔥”)。與低地蘇格蘭語 garlic (“大蒜”)同源。


gossip

gossips
gossiping
gossipping
gossiped
gossipped


grudge

grutch的變體 (15世紀中期，比begrudge年輕)，來自中古英語 grucchen (“喃喃自語，抱怨，怨恨，嫉妒”)，來自古法語 grouchier、groucier (“喃喃自語，抱怨”)，起源自日耳曼語族，可能是仿譯。
與中古高地德語 grogezen (“嚎叫，哀號”)、德語 grocken (“發牢騷”)同族。對照古諾爾斯語 krytja (“喃喃自語”)、古高地德語 grunzen (“咕噥”)。

勉強地給/准許；不情願做（自16世紀）

Wee shall finde our whole life so necessarily ioyned with sorrow, that we ought rather delight (and take pleasure) in Gods louing chastisements, and admonitions, then any way murmure and grudge at our crosses, or tribulations :

1608, Henrie Gosson, The Woefull and Lamentable wast and spoile done by a suddaine Fire in S. Edmonds-bury in Suffolke, on Munday the tenth of Aprill. 1608., reprinted by F. Pawsey, Old Butter Market, Ipswich, 1845, page 6:

If we of the central land were to grudge you what is beneficial, and not to compassionate your wants, then wherewithal could you foreigners manage to exist?

1841, Edmund Burke, The Annual Register, Rivingtons，第 430 頁:

Of course, his interest in the war and in the regiment was unbounded; he did not take to drill with especial readiness, but he was insatiable of it, and grudged every moment of relaxation.

1869, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Army Life in a Black Regiment, Fields, Osgood, & Co.，第 62 頁:

Our two inimitable drolls did a roaring trade with their broadsheets among lovers of the comedy element and nobody who has a corner in his heart for real Irish fun without vulgarity will grudge them their hardearned pennies.

1922 February, James Joyce, “Episode 12&”, 出自 Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

埋怨，抱怨，不滿（15世紀–18世紀）

以惡意的態度或目的持有或窩藏


impart

繼承自中古英語 imparten、借自中古法語 impartir、empartir，源自晚期拉丁語 impartiō、impertiō，源自 im- + 拉丁語 partiō (“分割”)。

disclose

（通過話語、寫作等）通知，透露

tell

（通過話語、寫作等）通知，透露

賦予，給予（品質或財產）

The sun imparts warmth.

to impart food to the poor

Expressing well the spirit within thee [Adam] free, / My [God's] image, not imparted to the brute.

1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，第 440 行:

Did not Mazzini impart his spirit to divided Italy, and make her one?

1907, Charles Henry Vine, The Old Faith and the New Theology:

Cary Grant imparts his ineffable charm, Kennedy (with metal hand) provides comic brutality, while Hepburn is elegantly fraught.

2002, John Pym, Time Out Film Guide，第 202 頁:

（通過話語、寫作等）通知，透露

Well may he then to you his cares impart.

1662, John Dryden, letter to Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon:

The departure was not unduly prolonged. […] Within the door Mrs. Spoker hastily imparted to Mrs. Love a few final sentiments on the subject of Divine Intention in the disposition of buckets; farewells and last commiserations; a deep, guttural instigation to the horse; and the wheels of the waggonette crunched heavily away into obscurity.

1922, Ben Travers, 章號 5, 出自 A Cuckoo in the Nest:

Sweet Cossen, what we may not now impart, heere let vs bury it, closely in our hart

c. 1587 Anthony Munday, John a Kent and John a Cumber


initiate

/ɪˈnɪʃ.ɪ.ət/

開始；創始；發動；使入門；正式介紹；引進


intermediate

源自中世紀拉丁語 intermediatus，intermediare 的過去分詞，源自 inter + 晚期拉丁語 mediare (“調解”)；以及拉丁語 intermedius。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-intermediate (adj, noun).wav


liberate

:< 拉丁語 liberatus——liberare （“释放”）的过去分词 < liber （“自由的”）。 另见 liberal。


lodge

(农作物杆、茎部在外力作用下)伏倒


merge

使(企业等)合并；使结合；吞没；并吞


paralyse

使麻痺，使癱瘓；使氣餒；使驚呆

The transport strike paralysed the city.

交通罷工使這座城市陷入癱瘓。


participate

來自分詞詞幹拉丁語 participare (“參與”)，源自particeps (“參與”)，源自pars (“部分”) + capiō (“拿取”)；參見 part 和 capable。


pave

The road to hell is not always paved with well-meaning intentions only; some of its paving stones can be spite, venality, cowardice, impudence and what not.


peel

源自中古英語 pelen，源自古英語 pilian、古法語 peler、pellier，源自拉丁語 pilō, pilāre (“剝皮，去除……的毛髮”)，源自pilus (“頭髮，毛髮”)。pill 的同源對似詞。

I sat by my sister's bed, peeling oranges for her.

我坐在姊/妹的床上，給她削橙子吃。

I peeled (the skin from) a banana and ate it hungrily.

我剝開香蕉皮，狼吞虎嚥地吃起香蕉來。

We peeled the old wallpaper off in strips where it was hanging loose.

我們把鬆垮的舊墻紙扯下來。

I had been out in the sun too long, and my nose was starting to peel.

我站在陽光下太長時間，鼻子開始脫皮了。

The children peeled by the side of the lake and jumped in.

孩子們在湖邊脫下衣服，跳進湖裡。


peel

擊球使該球和對方的球同時離開得分區


peel

來自Walter H. Peel（19世紀有名的槌球玩家）的外號。


peel

源自古法語 piller (“搶掠”)。

But govern ill the nations under yoke, / Peeling their provinces.

1671, John Milton, “The First Book”, 出自 Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, 倫敦: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC，第 4 頁:

O conſider my caſe, moſt blisfull Queen, […] Diſpell thoſe Clouds which hover 'twixt my King and his higheſt Counſell, […] that my great Law-making Court be forced to turn no more to polemicall Committees, […] but that they may come again to the old Parliamentary Rode, To the path of their Predeceſſours, to conſult of means how to ſweep away thoſe Cobwebs that hang in the Courts of Juſtice, and to make the Laws run in their right Channell; to retrench exceſſive fees, and finde remedies for the future, that the poor Client be not ſo peeled by his Lawyer, and made to ſuffer by ſuch monſtrous delays, that one may go from one Tropick to the other, and croſſe the Equinoctiall twenty times, before his ſute be done; […]

1645, James Howell, “England’s Tears, for the Present Wars, which for the Nature of the Quarrel, the Quality of the Strength, the Diversity of Battels, Skirmishes, Encounters, and Sieges, (Happened in so Short a Compasse of Time) Cannot be Parallel’d in Any Precedent Age”, 出自 ΔΕΝΔΡΟΛΟΓΊΑ [DENDROLOGIA]: Dodona’s Grove, or The Vocall Forrest. The Third Edition More Exact and Perfect than the Former; with the Addition of Two Other Tracts: viz. Englands Tears for the Present Wars. And The Pre-eminence of Parlements, 3rd版, Cambridge: Printed by R. D. for Humphrey Moseley, and are to be sold at his shop at the Prince's Arms in S. Pauls Church-yard, →OCLC，第 189 頁:


peel

源自古法語 piller (“搶掠”)。

peal的拼寫錯誤：聲音響亮。

Oh ! still for me let merry bells peel out their holy chime;

1825 June 25, "My Village Bells", in The Circulator of Useful Knowledge, Literature, Amusement, and General Information number XXVI, available in, 1825, The Circulator of Useful Amusement, Literature, Science, and General Information, page 401,

The lights flashed, the crowds sang,... bells peeled, bombs thundered,... and the new Century made its triumphant entry.

1901 January 1, "Twentieth Century's Triumphant Entry", The New York Times, page 1,

As the tiny Virgin... approaches one of the barrio churches, bells peel vigorously, a brass band launches into a fast-paced tune, and large rockets zoom... .

2006, Miles Richardson, Being-In-Christ and Putting Death in Its Place, Louisiana State University Press, ISBN 0807132047, pages 230–231,


portal

portals
portaling
portalling
portaled
portalled


prejudice

來自中古英語 prejudice，來自古法語 prejudice，來自拉丁語 praeiūdicium (“前例，前判；傷害，損害”)，來自prae- (“之前”) + iūdicium (“審判”)。

/ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/

對（某人的地位、機會等）產生負面影響

引起偏見；使人的思想產生偏差


prospect

來自拉丁語 prospectus, prospicere (“展望”)，來自pro (“之前”) + specere、spicere (“看”).


quarantine

:< 意大利語 quarantina （“四十”） < quarantina giorni （“四十天”）（四十天是当时威尼斯人为了消除鼠疫而将来港船只隔离的时间）< quaranta （“四十”） < 拉丁語 quadraginta （“四十”）。

（对动物或人）进行检疫，隔离


render

撕开、劈开、裂开、散开、揭开


resect

借自拉丁語 resectus，resecare (“切斷”) 的過去分詞，源自 re- + secare (“切割”)。

通過手術切除（器官或結構的一部分）

The tumor was resected after chemotherapy.


retail

[ˈɹ̠ʷiˌtʰeɪ̯ɫ]


sketch

sketch (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 sketches，現在分詞 sketching，一般過去時及過去分詞 sketched)
素描；速写；草图；梗概，大意


snag

纺织品被粗糙的表面或突出的东西拉坏或勾坏。

用大勾或一串勾捕鱼，旨在勾到鱼的身体（而非嘴）。

（俚）（把东西）拿起来。


spiral

spirals
spiraling
spiralling
spiraled
spiralled


spotted

spot 的過去式和過去分詞


swing

at church every time the doors swing open


worship

worships
worshipping
worshiping
worshipped
worshiped
worshipt


tahan

借自馬來語 tahan。

"Many local artists cannot tahan me," he says, using the Malay word for "tolerate". "If you live next to Picasso, can you tahan or not?"

“許多當地的藝術家受不了我，”他說道，用馬來語詞彙來表達“忍受”。“你要是住在畢加索隔壁，你能忍得了不？”

2017, Wong Kim Hoh, It Changed My Life: What Tan Swie Hian wants - a free mind, The Sunday Times:

The 3.2km meandering naturalised river at Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park used to be a 2.7 km long straight concrete Kallang channel in the past, which would not otherwise have been able to tahan as much rainwater as it now does.
碧山-宏茂橋公園裡頭這條長3.2km、蜿蜒前行的天然河流，過去曾是長2.7km而筆直的加冷水道，根本不能像現在一樣容納那麼多雨水。

2017, Zhangxin Zheng, Here’s why you shouldn’t be alarmed by pictures of “flooding” in Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, Mothership.sg

If you’re buying a new car, especially a better one than your previous, it’s gonna be able to tahan your need for speed. Step on the pedal only la, why so kancheong?
如果你要買新車，尤其是比以前那輛更好的，那它要滿足你對速度的要求。踩踏板就是啦，那麼緊張幹嘛呢？

2017, 8 Things Malaysians Immediately Do When They Get a New Car... Which One Have You Done?, CILISOS (Current Issues Tambah Pedas)


surname

部分转借法语 surnom ← 古法语 surnum, surnoun（“别名；绰号”）（中古英语 sournoun之源） ← 晚期拉丁语 supernōmen, suprānōmen ← super-（“超过，在……之上”） + nōmen（“名字”）。


am

be 的第一人稱單數簡單現在直陳式。是。


achromatise

achromatize在非牛津英式的标准拼写


activate

activate the economy

The pranksters activated the fire alarm by spraying deodorant next to it.

恶作剧者通过在旁边喷洒除臭剂来触发火警警报。

加速化學反應，例如用加熱等方式

組織、建立軍事單位或駐地

A new squadron was activated.


berm

借自荷蘭語 berm (“路邊草地，路肩”)，可能經由法語 berme，來自中古荷蘭語 barm、baerm、barem (“路肩，岸邊”)，來自古荷蘭語 *barm，來自原始西日耳曼語 *barm，來自原始日耳曼語 *barmaz (“邊緣，邊界，縫隙”)。與英語 brim相關。


classify

宣稱為機密(特別是政府機密)


controls

control的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


want

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-want.wav

我想要一杯咖啡。

她今晚想去看電影。

他們需要更多關於這個產品的信息。

They want more information about the product.

公司希望有合格的候選人來擔任這份工作。

The company wants qualified candidates for the job.

城市缺乏公共交通工具。

The city wants more public transportation.


decide

源自法語 décider 或拉丁語 dēcīdere，後者為 dēcīdō （“切斷，決定”）的不定式，源自 dē （“離”） + caedō （“切”）。


write

writes
writing
wrote
writ
written
writ
ywriten


mars

mar 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


tomato

源自西班牙語 tomate，來自古典納瓦特爾語 tomatl，來自原始納瓦語 *tomatl。對照tomatillo。

[tʰə̥ˈmɑːtʰəʊ]

[tʰə̥ˈmɐːtʰɐʉ]

[tʰə̥ˈmeɪɾoʊ]

[tʰə̥ˈmeɪɾə]


pencil

pencils
pencilling
penciling
pencilled
penciled


e-mail

email的另一種拼寫法


accept

首見於1380年。繼承自中古英語 accepten，借自古法語 accepter，或直接源自拉丁語 acceptō, acceptāre (“接受”)，源自accipiō，源自 ad- + capiō (“拿”)。


love

源自中古英語 love、luve，源自古英語 lufu （“愛情、感情、願望”），源自原始日耳曼语 *lubō （“愛”），源自原始印欧语 *lewbʰ-、*leubʰ- （“愛、關愛、願望”）。與古弗里斯蘭語 luve （“愛”）、古高地德語 luba （“愛”）同源。與古英語 lēof （“親愛的，心愛的”）、līefan （“准許、贊許”）、拉丁語 libet、lubō （“取悅”）、阿爾巴尼亞語 lyp （“請求、乞求”）、lips （“被需要的、被求的”）亦同源。

愛好，喜歡，（would love to）想要做…


love

源自中古英語 loven、lovien，源自古英語 lofian （“稱讚、讚揚、評估”），源自原始日耳曼语 *lubōnan （“稱讚、起誓”），源自原始印欧语 *leubʰ- （“喜歡、喜愛、渴求”）。與低地蘇格蘭語 love、lofe （“稱讚、尊重”）、荷蘭語 loven （“稱讚”）、德語 loben （“稱讚”）、瑞典語 lova （“保證、發誓”）、冰島語 lofa （“保證”）同源。另見 lofe。


deed

立下契約出讓(私人財產)


mine

源自中古英語，源自古法語 mine，源自晚期拉丁語 mina，源自高盧語（對比威爾士語 mwyn、愛爾蘭語 mianach (“礦石”)），源自原始凱爾特語 *mēnis (“礦石；金屬”)。

Crater of Diamonds State Park is the only place in the world where visitors can mine their own diamonds.

钻石坑州立公园是世界上唯一一个允许游客亲自开采钻石的地方。

We had to slow our advance after the enemy mined the road ahead of us.

敌人在我们前面的道路上埋设了地雷，我们不得不放慢前进的速度。

用地雷裝置損壞（車輛或船隻）


ground

grind 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞

I ground the coffee up nicely.


rejoin

/ɹiːˈd͡ʒɔɪn/


benefit

benefits
benefiting
benefitting
benefited
benefitted

Disrespecting and insulting unpopular religious movements won't ever benefit everybody else in the long run; yes or no?


beg

源自中古英語 beggen，古英語 *becgan、*bedcan、*bedican的同化形，bedecian (“乞求，懇求”)的中略形，可能源自原始日耳曼語 *bedagô (“請求者；乞丐”)，源自*bedą、*bedō (“祈禱；請求”)。與北弗里斯蘭語 bēdagi (“祈禱”)、哥特語 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍅𐌰 (bidagwa, “乞丐”)、古英語 biddan (“要求”)有關。參見bid、bead；也見書面挪威語 be (“乞求，要求”)。

He begged on the street corner from passers-by.

I beg your pardon. I didn’t mean to cause offence.

請您原諒我。我不是要冒犯您的。

He begged her to go to the prom with him.

[約瑟]求耶穌的身體。

But that same day came Sam Tewkesbury to the Why Not? about nightfall, and begged a glass of rum, being, as he said, 'all of a shake' …

1898, J. Meade Falkner, Moonfleet Chapter 5

請求被指定為監護人，或請求為某人指定監護人

Else some will beg thee, in the court of wards.


got

We got the last bus home.

(英國、澳大利亞、新西蘭) get的過去分詞。:Template:分類

By that time we'd got very cold.

I've got two children.

How many children have you got?

I can't go out tonight, I've got to study for my exams.

今晚我不能出去。我得複習準備考試。

(美國南部)(與to連用) 必須做

I got to go study.

We got to ride to clean up the streets / For our wives and our daughters!

1971, Carol King and Gerry Goffin, “Smackwater Jack”, Tapestry, Ode Records

(美國南部) 有，得到（相當於have）

They got a new car.

He got a lot of nerve.

(美國南部、非裔美國人) 遭謀殺

He got got.


of

/əv/的拼寫，受到詞源1的影響。

have 或 ’ve 的視覺方言，一般用於表示口語。

"I had a woman up here last week to look at my feet, and when she have been the bill you'd of thought she had my appendicitus out."

1926, F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, Penguin 2000, page 33:

‘You must of left your door unlocked. Or even open.’

1943, Raymond Chandler, The High Window, Penguin 2005, page 87:

"You couldn't of known," Livio says.

1992, Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash, Bantam Spectra, page 340:


try

〈不及物〉
嘗試
參見：trial 和 trier


forecast

forecasts
forecasting
forecast
forecasted


girdle

用剥一圈树皮的方法杀死树木或遏止树木生长。


abandoned

abandon 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


impregnate

較早的形式作 impregn，源自中古法語 imprégner，源自古法語 enpreignier。

I was impregnated at a clinic but don't know who the sperm donor is.

我在診所受孕，但不知道精子捐贈者是誰。

The queen at their head, the representative of the future, has not yet been impregnated. Their entire destiny depends on the ensuing nuptial flight.

1903 [1901], Maurice Maeterlinck, 譯者 Alfred Sutro, The Life of the Bee, New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company，第 264 頁:

使滲入，浸透，浸漬；用物質填滿孔隙或空間

It takes a little time for the personal fatty acids to impregnate new shoes or boots, but from the scent point of view leather is a sponge, and the personal scent is left.

1937, Hugh Bertie Campbell Pollard, The mystery of scent，第 121 頁:


cup

:< 古英语 cuppe < 晚期拉丁语 cuppa，可能源出拉丁语 cūpa（盆）的变格 < 原始印欧语 *keup-（洼）。在中古英语时期，与相同拉丁语源的盎格鲁-诺尔曼语词汇 cupe 合并。


maa

Now the twins started to cry and Malachy clung to Mam, sobbing. The cows mooed, the sheep maaed...


moor

[möː(ə̯)~mʊ̈ː(ə̯)]

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-moor.wav


mosses

moss 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


turmoil

未知。首个记录见于1520年，可能源自古法語 tremouille (“磨粉机的漏斗”)。


overhaul

/ˈəʊvəˌhɔːl/

/ˌəʊvəˈhɔːl/


chloroform

借自法語 chloroforme，这个词于1834年由讓-巴蒂斯特·杜馬所造，由 terchloride（“三氯化物”）和 formyle（“甲酰基”）混合而成。字面分析等同於 chloro- + -form。


bath

[bæθ⁓bɛəθ⁓beəθ]


rejects

reject 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


company

(用法已过时) 性交，发生性关系。


plant

澳大利亞，美國，加拿大，北英格蘭

澳大利亞，美國，加拿大，北英格蘭

澳大利亞，美國，加拿大，北英格蘭

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-plant.wav


abbreviate

Either from 中古英語 abbreviaten, from 拉丁語 abbreviātus, perfect passive participle of abbreviō (“to shorten”), formed from ad + breviō (“shorten”), from brevis (“short”) or abbreviation 的逆構詞. abridge 的同源對似詞.


abdicate

* 首次記錄於1541年。
* 派生自拉丁語 abdicātus (“放棄的”)，abdicō (“放棄，拒絕”) 的完成被動分詞，源自ab (“離開”) + dicō (“宣告、表明”)，類似於dīcō (“說”)。

否認某人並將其驅逐出家庭；聲明和……斷絕關係；剝奪繼承權（16世紀中期至19世紀早期）

正式將自己從某處脫離 （16世紀中期至17世紀晚期）

廢黜、廢位 （17世紀早期至18世紀晚期）

去除；拋棄；放棄 （16世紀中期至17世紀晚期）

betray and abdicate the due right both of ourselves and successors

投降、放棄或交出（主權等）；不再擔任或履行高級職位、身分 （首次記錄於17世紀）

to abdicate the throne, the crown, the papacy

The cross-bearers abdicated their service.

1776, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire:

He abdicates all right to be his own governor.

1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France:

The understanding abdicates its functions.

1856, James Anthony Froude, History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth:

放棄王位或其他高級職位、身分 （18世紀早期－）

Though a king may abdicate for his own person, he cannot abdicate for the monarchy.


abduce

派生自拉丁語 abdūcō (“帶走”)，源自ab (“從；離開”) + dūcō (“帶領”)。

牽引；導走；帶走；收回；引向不同的部位；將肢體移出，遠離身體中央 （16世紀中期）

If we abduce the eye unto either corner, the object will not duplicate.

得出結論（尤其在元分析中）；推斷 （20世紀初期）


abduct

派生自拉丁語 abductus，abduco (“帶走”)的完成被動分詞，源自 ab (“遠離”) + duco (“帶領”)。
* (生理學)： abduction 的逆構詞。

誘拐；劫持；綁架 （17世紀早期）

That same night he had by force abducted the president and the secretary of the club, and had taken them, much against their will upon a voyage in the wonderful air-ship, the “Albatross,” which he had constructed.

1904, Jules Verne, 章號 16, 出自 The Master of the World:

to abduct children

使外展 （17世紀早期）


abide

來自中古英語 abiden，来自古英語 ābīdan (“坚持，留下，拖延；存活；等待；期待”)，来自原始日耳曼語 *uzbīdaną (“期待，容忍”)，等价于a- + bide。与低地蘇格蘭語 abyde (“堅持，保持”)，中古高地德語 erbīten (“等待，期待”)，哥特語 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (usbeidan, “期待，等待，有耐心”)同源。“承担后果”之意是受aby影响。

abides
abiding
abode
abided
abode
abided
abidden

(容忍)： 否定形式can't abide用於表示強烈的厌恶。

If it be found ſo, ſome will deere abide it.
#::: 要是果然如此，有几个人将要付重大的代价。

莎士比亚《裘力斯·凯撒》第三幕第二场：


safety valve

safety valves
safety valving
safety valved


abirritate

/æbˈɪɹ.ɪˌteɪt/


action

繼承自中古英語 accion，来自古法語 aucion，acciun，来自拉丁語 āctiō (“做的行為”)，来自āctus + 动作后缀-iō，agere (“做，行動”)的被動完成分詞，源自原始印歐語 *h₂éǵeti；另见act、active。


standardize

standardise在美國和牛津英語拼寫的标准拼写


sieving

sieve 的現在時分詞和動名詞


supply

:< 古法語 supplier < 拉丁語 supplere （“填补，填充，供应”）。

（尤指大量）供应，供给，提供


transfer

/tɹɑːnsˈfɜː/

/ˈtɹɑːnsfɜː/


honey

來自中古英語 hony, honi，來自古英語 huniġ，來自原始西日耳曼語 *hunag，來自原始日耳曼語 *hunagą（對照西弗里斯蘭語 hunich、德語 Honig），來自早期*hunangą（對比瑞典語 honung），來自原始印歐語 *kn̥h₂onk-o-s，來自*kn̥h₂ónks。和中古威爾士語 canecon (“金”)、拉丁語 canicae 複 (“糠”)、吐火羅語B kronkśe (“蜂”)、阿爾巴尼亞語 qengjë (“蜂巢”)、古希臘語 κνῆκος (knêkos, “紅花”)、北庫爾德語 şan (“蜂巢”)、北盧里語 گونج (gonj, “蜂”)同源。


are

（用於第二人稱單、複數現在式，第一、三人稱複數現在式） 是


working

work 的現在時分詞和動名詞

Leave him alone; he’s working.


patronage

/ˈpeɪtɹənɪd͡ʒ/


sugarcoat

源自 sugar + coat；比喻義來自給藥片裹上糖，以掩蓋其不好味道的做法（sugarcoating the pill）。

/ˈʃʊɡɚˌkoʊt/

/ˈʃʊɡəˌkəʊt/

candy-coat

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

gild

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

gild the pill

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

sugarcoat the pill

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

There's no way to sugarcoat the loss of the space shuttle; it was an unmitigated disaster.

航天飞机的损失是无法掩盖的；这是一场彻头彻尾的灾难。

I went to the unheard-of trouble of re-writing the letter and saying the same harsh things softly, so as to sugarcoat the anguish and make it a little more endurable […]

我付出了前所未有的努力，重写了这封信，并温和地说出了同样严厉的话，以掩盖痛苦，使其更容易忍受{ […]

1876年November1日, Mark Twain, “Letter to Mr. Burrough, of St. Louis”, 出自 The Letters Of Mark Twain,, 第 3 卷:

[…] And I don't think we can sugarcoat both the human toll that is unfolding in Ukraine, but also how it is reordering the international architecture in ways that we haven't seen in decades.

[…] 我认为，我们无法掩盖乌克兰事件造成的人员伤亡，以及它如何以几十年来未曾见过的方式改变国际格局。

2022年March23日, Barack Obama, 片头起2:52, 出自 Centennial Celebration Conversation with President Barack Obama and Yo-Yo Ma, Chicago Council on Global Affairs, 經由 YouTube:

"The insurgents killed them all?"
"Very likely." Scout's expression was kindly, but he was apparently not the sort to sugarcoat things. Then again, maybe he had simply read her receptivity well.

2023年October12日, HarryBlank, “Fire in the Hole”, 出自 SCP Foundation，於2024-09-02歸檔自原頁面:


prim

源自 普羅旺斯方言 prim (“細膩、優秀”)，源自古法語 prim，prin，源自:Template:lena 拉丁語 primus (“首先”)。prime 的同源對似詞。


lissen

listen的視覺方言拼法。


raisin

繼承自中古英語 raysyn，借自盎格魯-諾曼語 reysin (“葡萄，葡萄乾”)，源自晚期拉丁語 racīmus，源自拉丁語 racēmus。可能與波斯語 رز (raz, “藤蔓”)有較遠的關係。raceme 的同源對似詞。

Second-crop fruit tends to show smaller clusters than first-crop, to have a high skin-to-juice ratio, and to be a good blending tool, according to Iantosca, although care must be exercised to ensure that the second-crop berries have not raisined.

Iantosca 表示，二茬水果往往比第一茬果实的果簇更小，皮汁比高，是一种很好的混合工具，但必须小心谨慎，以确保二茬浆果不会变干燥。

2008, John Winthrop Haeger, Pacific Pinot Noir:


calmest

(古舊) calm的第二人稱單數一般現在時形式


chlorinate

加氯（如加到水中消毒，或加到含金物质以提取其中的金）


choose

chooses
choosing
chose
choosed
chosen
choosed
chose


conscribe

派生自拉丁語 cōnscrībere。


considering

/kənˈsɪdəɹɪŋ/


crosshair

Watching hopefully for a buck to come along behind the does, I eyed them through the scope of the borrowed .243. From time to time, I crosshaired the vital areas .

1970, Nebraskaland - Volume 48, Issues 8-49，第 21 頁:

The next moment it was crosshaired by the electronic sights .

That's when Dad noticed one of P. V.'s deputies standing behind a truck about a hundred feet away, crosshairing a rifle straight at him.

2011, Carolyn Dennis-Willingham, No Hill for a Stepper，第 234 頁:

A red glowing reticle crosshaired whatever the laser's muzzle was pointed at, together with flickering numbers giving range, bearing, and probable targetID.

2014, Ian Douglas, The Complete Legacy Trilogy:

She fired a smile at him, the likes of which he hadn't seen in years—since Meg, in fact, had crosshaired him at the junior prom with one of those flirtations that he never would've believed the president of the Methodist Girls' Youth Group was capable of.

My kinfolks had crosshaired in on the truth of the world.

2004, The Iron Mountain Review - Volume 20，第 24 頁:

Shell-shocked, babies and children smothered the instinct to cry and clammed to backs and shoulders and the heldout hand, brave as their parents clinging to the hope of return to their homes crosshaired by the demolition man, as they sought cover under leaves in a shuddering forest.

2005, Ogaga Ifowodo, The Oil Lamp，第 xix 頁:


cohere

派生自拉丁語 cohaereō。


conveying

convey 的現在時分詞和動名詞


cupcake

調情；以充滿愛意或親密的方式交談或行動

I watched Brian as he drove off down the street. I turned and went back inside the studio and found Len at my desk. “I saw you and Brian cupcaking out there.”

我看著 Brian 開車離開街道。我轉身回到工作室，發現 Len 在我的桌子旁。「我看到你和布萊恩在外面調情。」

2011, Deontra Woods, Blood, Sweat and Tears，第 102 頁:

But I figured Najah was cupcaking with Johan, Chelsea was eating something that didn't match while Greg rubbed her feet, and Kalena wasn't in a space to talk or listen.

但我猜 Najah 正在和 Johan 調情，Chelsea 在 Greg 幫她揉腳的時候吃著不搭調的東西，而 Kalena 則沒有心思說話或聆聽。

2013, Michelle Robinson, Right Before My Eyes II，第 100 頁:

She said, “You're always Cupcaking.” I replied, “I'm not cupcaking. I'm enjoying my conversation so hush.” David and I would stay on the phone all night and talk. It was normal for us.

她說：「你總是在調情。」我回答：「我沒有在調情。我只是享受我的對話，所以安靜點。」大衛和我會整晚打電話聊天。對我們來說這是很正常的。

2014, Zaneeya S., Overcoming My Past，第 170 頁:

“Luck is cupcaking on Myanna.”
His eyebrows shot up. “Cupcaking?”
“Old man.” She giggled. “Crushing. Your boy has a big time crush on Myanna.”

「Luck 在和 Myanna 調情。」
他的眉毛挑了起來。「調情？」
「老男人。」她咯咯笑著。「暗戀。你的男孩對 Myanna 很有好感。」

Let's review the tale of the tape: My best friend is being held hostage, I boosted his ride and mobile, then cupcaked with a heater-packing widow-maker.

讓我們回顧一下這個故事：我的好朋友被劫持了，我搶了他的車和手機，然後還和一個帶槍的寡婦製造者調情。

2018, Carlos Bayne, Napkin Nights: The Crunk Chronicles:

“I have thought of nothing but you for many days.” / Leticia actually blushed. “You cupcaking me?”

「我已經好幾天只想著你了。」 / Leticia 居然臉紅了。「你在跟我調情嗎？」

2016, Janey Mack, 章號 35, 出自 Choked Up, New York, N.Y.: Kensington Books, →ISBN，第 247–248 頁s:

“Quit cupcaking me, sugar.” / She was sure she was imagining the warmth in his deep, crinkly eyes, but her belly did a flip and high-fived her heart, as though she truly had succeeded in making him like her.

「別再跟我調情了，甜心。」/她確信自己正在想像他深邃、皺紋滿布的眼睛裡的溫暖，但她的肚子卻翻了個身，在心裡擊掌，彷彿她真的成功讓他喜歡上了她。

2016, Pippa Grant writing as Jamie Farrell, Sugared (Misfit Brides; 4), →ISBN:

Juan winks at her. "Sorry about my language. The shock paralyzed my thinking and tongue." / She smiles brightly. "No worries. I'm a nurse. I've heard it all." / Is Juan cupcaking the She-Ra, Princess of Power?

Juan 朝她眨了眨眼睛。「對不起，我說錯話了。驚嚇麻痺了我的思維和舌頭。」 / 她燦爛地笑了。 「不用擔心，我是名護士，我什麼都聽過。」/ Juan 在和神力女超人希瑞調情嗎？

2018, Carlos Bayne, Napkin Nights: The Crunk Chronicles, [Morrisville, N.C.]: [Lulu.com], →ISBN, Chronicle VII, Chapter 2，第 131 頁:

把杯子蛋糕壓碎在……上；用杯子蛋糕覆蓋……

After waving and smiling a quick farewell, I turned back on my way out of the lunchroom – and ran smack into Rusty Kuznevoy, flattening his chocolate cupcake against his chest.[…]Rusty saw the smirk, and I appeared to be snickering at the toughest kid in fourth grade seconds after cupcaking him.[…]Maybe he’d forgotten all about being cupcaked?[…]I recalled my vow of supremacy from last year, the one I’d made just before I cupcaked Rusty, and I reasoned that my science project could also bring me some redemption for the events of yesterday.

在揮手微笑道別之後，我回頭走出午餐室──正好撞上 Rusty Kuznevoy，把他的巧克力杯子蛋糕壓在胸口上。 […] Rusty 看見了我的傻笑，而我在用杯子蛋糕砸了他之後，似乎還在對這個四年級最強悍的孩子冷笑。也許他忘記了被杯子蛋糕砸的一切？ […] 我想起了去年的誓言，那是我在用杯子蛋糕砸 Rusty 之前立下的誓言，我想我的科學專案也可以為我昨天的事帶來一些救贖。

2008, T. David Lee, 108th Street, New York, N.Y.: Eloquent Books, →ISBN，第 60, 61, 169, and 199 頁s:

So Colin crouched down, allowing her to smash a slightly used cupcake against his nose.[…]Avery took the aprons from him, carefully folding them so more crumbs wouldn’t fall to the already cupcaked snow.

Colin 蹲下來，讓她把一個用過的小蛋糕砸在他的鼻子上。 […] Avery 從他手中接過圍裙，小心翼翼地折好，以免更多的碎屑掉到被杯子蛋糕砸了的雪地上。

2016, Rachel Hauck, A Royal Christmas Wedding (The Royal Wedding Series), Zondervan，第 92–93 頁s:

She grabs another cupcake and quickly smushes it into the side of my face. I put down the camcorder and get her back. We’re now decorated in pink and white frosting. “I want a selfie of us,” she says. I pick up the camera and record us, cupcaked faces squeezed together, as we crack up.

她抓起另一個杯子蛋糕，迅速地把它抹到我的臉上。我放下攝影機，把她帶回來。我們現在用粉紅色和白色的糖霜裝飾。「我想要一張我們的自拍照，」她說。我拿起相機記錄我們，被杯子蛋糕砸了的臉擠在一起，我們開懷大笑。

2016, Christina Hoag, Girl on the Brink, Fire and Ice, →ISBN，第 11 頁:

Got any diabetes jokes you can share with readers? “I never got bullied the same as other kids—my house never got egged. It got cupcaked.” —Geoff Grant (Las Vegas, Nevada)

有什麼糖尿病的笑話可以分享給讀者嗎？「我從來沒有像其他孩子那樣被欺負過——我家從來沒有被雞蛋扔過。它被杯子蛋糕砸過。」——Geoff Grant（內華達州拉斯維加斯）

2016, Brian King, The Laughing Cure, Skyhorse Publishing, →ISBN:

“[…]That was after I cupcaked him.” Dead silence greeted her. It ticked on for a few seconds as Nicolette yanked her cupcake-covered T-shirt off and tossed it onto her bathroom floor. “Are you there?” “Yes. I’m trying to figure out if I had a brain aneurysm or if I heard you right,” returned Clara. “Clara!” Nicolette squeaked. “I need your advice right now.” “On what part? The bringing-home-a-guy-to-have-sex-with or the Viking-cake bit?” “Not a Viking cake. A Viking covered in cake—erm, cupcake,” stressed Nicolette.

「……那是在我把杯子蛋糕砸到他身上之後」。迎接她的是死一般的寂靜。沉默了幾秒鐘後，妮可萊特把她那件沾滿蛋糕的T恤扯了下來，扔到了浴室的地板上。「你還在嗎？」「在，我正在想我是得了腦動脈瘤還是沒聽錯。」克拉拉回道。「克拉拉！」妮可萊特尖叫。「我現在需要你的建議。」「哪方面？帶男人回家做愛的部分還是維京蛋糕那部分？」「不是維京蛋糕。是被蛋糕上覆蓋的維京人，呃，是杯子蛋糕。」妮可兒強調。

2018, Mandy M. Roth, Act of Brotherhood (Paranormal Security®= and Intelligence® (Psi-Ops®) an Immortal Ops® World Novel), Raven Happy Hour, →ISBN:

“I cupcaked her.” “You did what?” “I cupcaked her. It was red velvet. I should’ve used a vanilla one, but I already picked a red velvet one.” “A cupcake.” “They had cupcakes for the birthday party. There was juice, too, but I didn’t have any. It had chunks.” “I don’t understand. What does that mean, you cupcaked her?” “You know, like I mashed a cupcake on her. In her face. Like at weddings and stuff.”

「我把杯子蛋糕砸在她身上了。」「你做了什麼？」「我把杯子蛋糕砸在她身上了。是紅絲絨味的。我應該用香草味的，但我已經選了紅絲絨的。」「一個杯子蛋糕。」「他們為生日派對準備了杯子蛋糕。也有果汁，但我沒喝。果汁裡有果肉。」「我不明白。你說把杯子蛋糕砸在她身上是什麼意思？」「你知道的，就像婚禮上那樣，把杯子蛋糕砸在她臉上。」

2018, Alex Grecian, The Saint of Wolves and Butchers, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →ISBN:

The 28th straight win to open the season was greeted with cupcakes purchased by parents who made the spring break trip to Hawaii. “We cupcaked Murph’s face,” catcher Reagan Dykes said. “He didn’t seem too happy about that.” Confirmed. “I ran away from them too,” Murphy said. “I got one in the earhole. I smelled the frosting for like 12 hours.”

為了迎接開季的第28場連勝，春假期間前往夏威夷的家長們特意購買了杯子蛋糕。「我們把杯子蛋糕砸在 Murphy 的臉上。」捕手 Reagan Dykes 說。「他看起來不太高興。」Murphy 證實了這點。「我也從他們身邊跑開了。」Murphy 說。「我的耳朵裡進了一塊。我好像聞了12個小時的糖霜味。」

2019年March21日, Michael Casagrande, “The story behind Alabama softball’s record 31-0 start”, 出自 AL.com:

“Being an independent coach sure, I cupcaked my schedule,” said McGuire.

「作為一名獨立教練，當然，我輕鬆安排了我的時間表。」McGuire 說。

1981年January28日, Mike Fish, “College basketball — the power’s at…: UCLA rules, but ACC top conference”, 出自 The Kansas City Times，第 D-3 頁:

After John Garr popped out, Jeff Ward cupcaked a ball to short for a forceout and Black scored.

在 John Garr 出局後，Jeff Ward 輕鬆地將球傳到游擊手位置進行封殺，Black 得分。

1988年July19日, Jack Oakley, “Modified battle is for 2nd”, 出自 The Register, 第 110 卷, 第 221 期，第 2B 頁:

A&M also tackles Louisiana State and Tulsa and further cupcaked its campaign by arranging a game with Division I-AA Middle Tennessee State so it would have a sixth home game, moving Southwestern Louisiana back a year.

A&M 還與路易斯安那州立大學和塔爾薩大學交手，並藉由安排與I-AA 級中田納西州立大學的比賽進一步鞏固了自己的優勢，這樣它就有了第六個主場，而將西南路易斯安那州立大學的主場延後了一年。

1995年April15日, Kirk Bohls, “A mere 56 years later, Aggies will take 2nd title”, 出自 Austin American-Statesman，第 C1 頁:

The Tigers have cupcaked their way to a 10-0 start against giant killers like Arkansas State, Monmouth and Charleston Southern.

老虎隊在對陣阿肯色州立大學、蒙茅斯大學和查爾斯頓南方大學這些強隊時，輕鬆地以10勝0敗的成績開局。

2006年December12日, Keith Jarrett, “Great record might not help Tigers”, 出自 Asheville Citizen-Times, 第 137 卷, 第 346 期，第 E4 頁:

“I cupcaked the bitch!”

2014年August28日, Seth Stevenson, “Who’d Pay £600M to Watch This?”, 出自 The Independent, 第 8,701 期，第 38 頁:

“Competitively, I want to play yesterday. I know if I had to go out there and lace ’em up and everything was on the line, like, I’m doing it 100%. … Not that I’m cupcaking it or anything but you have to be a little smarter, take care of your body.”

「從競技角度來說，我昨天就想上場。我知道我如果得要上場打敗他們，一切都岌岌可危，我會100%投入……並不是說我在輕鬆應對什麼，但你必須更聰明，照顧好自己的身體。」

2022年February14日, “Suns G Landry Shamet out through All-Star break with ankle injury”, 出自 Arizona Sports:

被蛋糕般的裝飾（如褶邊）覆蓋或充滿

Maeve joined them in happy admiration of the baby girl, who had just been christened with the name Genesis and was cupcaked for the occasion with endless bits of lace frill.

Maeve 加入了他們，對這個剛被命名為「創世紀」的女嬰感到高興，為了這個場合，她身上覆蓋著無盡的蕾絲褶邊裝飾。

1997, Lawrence J. Taylor, The Road to Mexico, Tucson, Ariz.: The University of Arizona Press, →ISBN，第 34 頁:

By nine o’clock that night the snow had begun to fall even harder. Brendon stood on the corner of 87ᵗʰ Street and Stony Island Avenue beneath a green canvas awning now cupcaked with a layer of white.

那天晚上九點鐘，雪開始下得更大了。布倫登站在87街和石島大道的街角，站在一個綠色帆布遮陽篷下，遮陽篷現在覆蓋著一層如蛋糕般的白雪。

2015, Joe Kilgore, A Farmhouse in the Rain, Winchester, Washington: Top Hat Books, 出版於 2016:

It was no longer light, but I still could make out the front yard, which was cupcaked in snow.

雖然已經不再是白天，但我仍然能看出前院，院子裡覆蓋著一層如蛋糕般的積雪。

2016 March, Catherine Lowell, The Madwoman Upstairs, Touchstone, →ISBN，第 271 頁:

Ahead in the dim dawn rose the white cupcaked dome of the Capitol.

在昏暗的黎明中，前方矗立著白色的國會大廈圓頂，覆蓋著一層'如蛋糕般的白雪。

2016 December, David Poyer, Onslaught: The War with China—The Opening Battle, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN，第 18 頁:

It seemed like a beautiful moment as the billowy fabric cupcaked around her lower half.

當蓬鬆的布料在她的下半身周圍散開時，那一刻看起來非常美麗。

2017年May4日, Stephanie Haney, “The terrifying moment a bride nearly drowns as she gets stuck under her wedding dress after jumping into water before FIVE people come to her rescue”, 出自 MailOnline:

So—we offered a cup cake a day for life to anybody who would find us a better word than the word “market.”[…]She wrote to say that the Farmers Market defies description and asks why we don’t just keep on referring to it as the original Farmers Market and send the cup cakes to some home for under cup-caked children.

所以——我們提供終生每天一個杯子蛋糕，給任何能幫我們找到比「市場」更好詞語的人。 […] 她寫信說農夫市場無法用語言形容，並問我們為什麼不繼續稱其為原來的農夫市場，並將杯子蛋糕送給那些缺少杯子蛋糕的孩子們。

1942年March10日, Fred Beck, “Farmers Market Bulletin”, 出自 Los Angeles Times, 第 LXI 卷，第 2 頁:

Winnie Ellis “cupcaked” her Decorative Stitchery group and Paul Barnett baked enough of her special bran muffins for all of the Meals on Wheels recipients.

Winnie Ellis 給她的裝飾刺繡小組送了杯子蛋糕，而 Paul Barnett 烘焙了足夠的特製麥麩鬆餅，供所有上門送餐服務的接受者享用。

1975年September11日, Kerrville Mountain Sun, 第 94 卷, 第 48 期, Kerrville, Tex.，第 six 頁:

“We grew up here and love this community so anything that we can do to give back we will. We have taken cupcakes to the hospital, outreach groups, the SPCA and even the RCMP and firefighters have been cupcaked,” said [Raj] Singh, noting that they would even like to set up a scholarship for local students.

「我們在這裡長大，熱愛這個社區，所以我們會盡力回饋。我們把杯子蛋糕送到醫院、外展團體、SPCA，甚至皇家加拿大騎警和消防隊員也收到了杯子蛋糕，」[Raj] Singh 說，他指出他們甚至想為當地學生設立獎學金。

2008年December21日, Kristi Patton, “Pair display a sweet taste for business”, 出自 Penticton Western News, 第 42 卷, 第 153 期, Penticton, B.C.，第 9 頁，第 5 列:

Kenny started “You’ve Been Cupcaked” three years ago after she earned a following creating cakes and cupcakes for family members.

凱妮在三年前創辦了「你已收到杯子蛋糕」這個活動，在那之前，她因為為家人製作蛋糕和杯子蛋糕而贏得了追隨者。

2011年June19日, Stephanie A. O’Connell, “A baker’s delight, and that’s just icing on the cake”, 出自 Record-Journal, 144th year, 第 170 期, Meriden, Conn.，第 E4 頁:

和介詞 out 連用：用杯子蛋糕使……厭倦

Ross, a pastry chef who recently moved from California, reels off half a dozen cupcake bakeries in the Santa Monica area she went to all the time, including one called “Le Cupcake” which opened last fall and prompted one food blogger to ask, “Are we cupcaked out? Is there room for yet another cupcake shop in Southern California?”

Rose 是一位最近剛從加州搬來的糕點師，她列舉了她經常去的聖莫尼卡地區的六家杯子蛋糕店，其中包括去年秋天開業的一家名為「Le Cupcake」的麵包店，這讓一位美食部落客問道：「我們吃杯子蛋糕吃膩了嗎？南加州還有空間再開一家杯子蛋糕店嗎？

2007年September26日, Darry Madden, “Opening her own business is icing on the cupcake”, 出自 The Boston Globe, 第 272 卷, 第 88 期，第 E4 頁:

I love baking cupcakes, but I was starting to feel cupcaked-out.

我喜歡烘焙杯子蛋糕，但我開始厭倦做杯子蛋糕了。

2013, Coco Simon, Katie’s New Recipe (Cupcake Diaries; 13), Simon Spotlight, →ISBN，第 42 頁:

She slid a blue mini cupcake with green and teal sprinkles my way. “Try this Neptune’s Nibble.” I said regretfully, “I think I’m cupcaked out.”

她把一個有綠色和茶色灑粉的藍色迷你杯子蛋糕推給我。「試試這個 Neptune's Nibble。」我遺憾地說，「我想我已經厭倦杯子蛋糕了」。

2021, Josh Lanyon, Bell, Book and Scandal: Bedknobs and Broomsticks, →ISBN:

“I told 'em that you would bake us 30 cupcakes instead.” And so Mrs. Smith cupcaked the other night until 1 a. m.

「我跟他們說你會幫我們烤30個杯子蛋糕」 就這樣，史密斯夫人那天晚上一直做杯子蛋糕直到凌晨 1 點。

1955年December23日, Gerald (Gunny) Gunthrup, “The Gunny Sack”, 出自 The Oneonta Star, 第 LXIV 卷, 第 657 期, Oneonta, N.Y.，第 4 頁:

And make cupcakes. I’ve cupcaked three times in the last few days.

還有做杯子蛋糕。這幾天我做了三次杯子蛋糕。

2011年August25日, Suzanne Thibeault, “500 Things Project: Thinking about cupcakes and pickles”, 出自 TribLocal，第 12 頁:

While many a bakery cupcaked and failed, Robicelli’s continues to withstand the test of time.

當許多麵包店製作杯子蛋糕而倒閉失敗時，Robicelli's 卻依然經得起時間的考驗。

2015, Off Track Planet’s Brooklyn Travel Guide, Running Press, →ISBN:


curdle

早期方言cruddle的變形，crudle，等同於curd + -le (反覆後綴)。

（既及物又不及物） 凝结(通常指牛奶)

（既及物又不及物） 凝块或凝结；因为寒冷而冻结。

"Vich Ian Vohr," it said, in a voice that made my very blood curdle, "beware of to-morrow!"

It is enough,' said the agitated Mr. Slurk, pacing to and fro, 'to curdle the ink in one's pen, and induce one to abandon their cause for ever.'

1836, Charles Dickens, The Pickwick Papers


coordinates

coordinate 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


collapsing

collapse 的現在時分詞和動名詞


collogue

And then it seems that she collogued with her master and heard word of a subtler device.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

Ay, well, what I say - " Flusky frowned, endeavouring to put into words just what he did say, when he collogued with his own thoughts. "What I say: in a country where everything's to do, the hands has a chance to put themselves equal with the head."

1937, Helen Simpson, Under Capricorn (fiction):

You let Dunsey have it, sir? And how long have you been so thick with Dunsey that you must collogue with him to embezzle my money?

1861, George Eliot, Silas Marner (fiction), William Blackwood and Sons:

Witch Hunter: You dare to collogue about me with such a [contemnible] manner of speech?!

2022年November18日, Toontown: Corporate Clash Development Team, The Hires & Heroes Update (v1.3.0):


commit

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-commit.wav


counterdraw

counterdraws
counterdrawing
counterdrew
counterdrawn


countermine

謀劃反對，挫敗他人的舉動

[…] every gamester will agree how necessary it is to know exactly the play of another, in order to countermine him.

1749, Henry Fielding, 章號 III, 出自 The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, 第 (please specify |volume=I to VI) 卷, London: A[ndrew] Millar […], →OCLC, book VI:

[…]so Fritz could sleep easily in his trench, so far as mines were concerned; and Fritz, confident in his Herr Professors, altogether neglected any attempt to counter-mine.

1923, Frank Fox, “The Man-Made Earthquake”, 出自 Charles Francis Horne, The Great Events of the Great War, 第 5 卷:


cowgirl

She also cowgirled and hired out to do ranch and timber work.

1998, Linda M. Hasselstrom, Gaydell Collier, Nancy Curtis, Leaning Into the Wind: Women Write from the Heart of the West

Only 250 miles down the road a reclusive beauty named Joann Brebner was living the bucolic life, cowgirling, helping out at her family's remote ranch-based resort.

2007, American Cowboy (volume 13, number 5, Jan-Feb 2007, page 56)

Once recovered I cowgirled him to a torturously slow climax, having him begging for release as I took him to the edge […]

2016, Angela Goodnight, My Life, My Loves: True, Explicit Autobiography:


coyote

借自西班牙語 coyote，來自納瓦語族語言，來自原始納瓦語 *koyootl。對照欽諾克混合語 ki-o-tī。

以人工方式在上方覆土層（如山坡）挖洞勘探黃金


deleted

delete 的過去式和過去分詞


debride

借自法語 débrider (“解脫，放開韁繩”)。


database

英國，愛爾蘭，新西蘭，澳大利亞，美國

英國，新西蘭，澳大利亞，南非


decal

decals
decaling
decalling
decaled
decalled


deliver

來自中古英語 deliveren，來自盎格魯-諾曼語和古法語 delivrer，來自拉丁語 dē + līberō (“使自由”)。

deliver a captive from the prison

the doctor delivered the baby

the duchess was delivered of a son

the doctor is expected to deliver her of a daughter tomorrow

醫生明天要給她接生下女兒

she delivered a baby boy yesterday

Tully was long ere he could be delivered of a few verses, and those poor ones.

1622, Henry Peacham, The Compleat Gentleman

deliver a package;  deliver the mail

Mr. Cooke had had a sloop yacht built at Far Harbor, the completion of which had been delayed, and which was but just delivered.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年）, Winston Churchill, 章號 10, 出自 The Celebrity: An Episode, 紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

引渡，繳（槍械、毒品等）

deliver the thief to the police

Thou shalt deliver Pharaoh's cup into his hand.

你仍要遞杯在法老的手中。

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 40:13:

The constables have delivered her over.

c. 1596–1599, William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iv]:

The exalted mind / All sense of woe delivers to the wind.

1725, Homer, [Elijah Fenton], transl., “Book IV”, 出自 The Odyssey of Homer. […], 第 I 卷, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC:

"You know, he plays great sometimes when he doesn't score," Brown said. "Tonight, with Rip (Richard Hamilton) struggling, we needed somebody to step up, and he really did. He really delivered."

2004, Detroit News, Detroit Pistons: Champions at Work (page 86)

However, ministers argue they are delivering the Brexit demanded by the electorate – and say it is time for businesses to wean themselves off cheap migrant labour.

2020年February18日, “UK to close door to non-English speakers and unskilled workers”, 出自 The Guardian:

The stories did not seem to me to touch life. […] They left me with the impression of a well-delivered stereopticon lecture, with characters about as life-like as the shadows on the screen, and whisking on and off, at the mercy of the operator.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年）, Winston Churchill, 章號 1, 出自 The Celebrity: An Episode, 紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

It’s a lovely sequence cut too short because the show seems afraid to give itself over to romance and whimsy and wistfulness when it has wedgie jokes to deliver.

2012年May27日, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid On The Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, 出自 The Onion AV Club:

England went into the interval 22-6 down, a second [Owen] Farrell penalty their only response to Scotland’s burst of tries. They had not conceded more points in a Six Nations match in the Eddie Jones era and when the whistle blew for the interval, Dylan Hartley formed his players into a circle to deliver a rallying cry.

2018年February24日, Paul Rees, “Finn Russell masterminds historic Scotland victory over England”, 出自 The Guardian, London，於2018-04-22歸檔自原頁面:

deliver a speech

to deliver a blow

An uninstructed bowler […] thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straight forward.

1822, [Walter Scott], Peveril of the Peak. […], 第 (please specify |volume=I, II, III, or IV) 卷, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:

I'll deliver myself your loyal servant.

我愿意呈献我自己做你们的忠仆。

c. 1608–1609, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vi]:

(我們能否查找並添加Francis Bacon引用過本詞的語句？)


decohere

Even the slightest disturbance causes qubits to “decohere”, shedding their magical properties.

2012年February25日, ‘An uncertain future’, The Economist:

History suggests those in power will cling to whatever is working well for them even as the economy and society decay and decohere around them.

2024年July12日, Charles Hugh Smith, How Will We Distribute the Pain Ahead?:


decolonize

A paternal government would attempt to decolonize American literature, by forbidding the re-publication of foreign works, and offering premiums to those of home production.

父親式的政府會試圖透過禁止重新出版外國作品、並為本土作品提供獎勵的方式來使美國文學非殖民化。

1860, James Parton, Life of Andrew Jackson: In Three Volumes，第 84 頁:

扭轉殖民帶來的影響，恢復一個群體的自治權

Across Ukraine, officials are starting projects to, as they say, “decolonize” their cities. Streets and subway stops whose names evoke the history of the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union are under scrutiny by a population eager to rid itself of traces of the nation that invaded in late February.

2022年June7日, Erika Solomon, “Goodbye, Tchaikovsky and Tolstoy: Ukrainians look to ‘decolonize’ their streets.”, 出自 The New York Times:

The arrival of Trump in the White House gave a new urgency to the idea that museums needed to “decolonize” their collections, atone for their past elitism, and become overtly political institutions rather than mere warehouses of valuable objects.

2022年October3日, Helen Lewis, “The Guggenheim’s Scapegoat”, 出自 The Atlantic, →ISSN:


decrescendo

/diːˌkɹɛˈʃɛndəʊ/


depredate

晚期拉丁語 depraedari、depraedat-，源自 de- + praedari (“掠奪”)。

It makes the substance of the body […] less apt to be consumed and depredated by the spirits.

它使身體的物質 […] 不易被精神消耗和浪費。

1631, Francis [Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, 出自 Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd版, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:


degassing

degas 的現在時分詞和動名詞


despairing

/dɪˈspɛəɹ.ɪŋ/


details

detail 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


devastate

源自拉丁語 dēvastātus，dēvastō 的現在時被動分詞，源自 dē- (增補前綴) + vastō (“毀滅，破壞”)。

嚴重破壞；毀滅，摧毀（實體的事物，或是想法、信仰和強烈的觀點）

The hurricane devastated the small island.

The news of his death devastated his family and friends.

他去世的消息讓他的家人和朋友們極度悲痛。


disinherit

/ˌdɪsɪnˈhɛɹɪt/


displeased

displease 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


diagnose

/ˈdʌɪ.əɡˌnəʊz/

/ˌdʌɪ.əɡˈnəʊz/


diamonds

diamond 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


distinguish

/dɪsˈtɪŋɡwɪʃ/


distracted

distract 的過去式和過去分詞


distributed

distribute 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


doodle

:出自德语 dudeln ("吹奏风笛")，或 dudel ("风笛")，出自捷克语/波兰语 dudy ("风笛")。也与 dawdle 一词有联系。
该词在17世纪时第1次出现，意为“傻子”。德语变体包括“Dudeltopf”、“Dudentopf”、“Dudenkopf”、“Dude”和“Dödel”等。美式英语“dude”一词可能也源于“doodle”。
该词“傻子”的含义也见于美国独立战争以前流传于美洲英国殖民军队中的一首名为《美国仔犯糊涂/美国佬爱忽悠》("Yankee Doodle")的歌曲。该词也由此延伸出动词含义“犯傻，欺骗”。大约在19世纪30年代左右，该词衍伸出了“懒惰，浪费时间”之意。也可能是借用了“dawdle”一词的含义。


dovetail

鴿子尾巴
榫頭
類似燕尾榫的線
名詞衍生自dove + tail。動詞衍生自名詞。

In house-building it is further forbidden [by Sultan Muhammed Shah] to dovetail or make the ends of the timbers (e.g. of the roof) fit accurately together, and also to build two verandahs, one on each side of the house, with their floors on a level with the floor of the main building; if two verandahs are used, the floor of one must be lower than that of the main building (kelek anak).

1900, Walter William Skeat, “Man and His Place in the Universe”, 出自 Malay Magic: Being an Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula, London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, footnote 1，第 33 頁:

The executive board dovetailed its decision neatly with the prior projects the company had taken up.

Through my new project, I dovetail my interests in botany and programming.

Close contacts are also maintained between the chief operating officers of the railways and the movement and transport officers of the Service departments to dovetail railway transport into the schemes of the fighting forces.

1943 March–April, John R. Hind, “The British Railways at War”, 出自 The Railway Magazine, Sutton, London: IPC Transport Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，第 95 頁:

I felt that through the combined study of psychology and linguistics I would find out how children learned language, and that I would be able to dovetail this knowledge into my business career in Japan.

1988, Kenji Hakuta, “Why Bilinguals?”, 出自 Frank S. Kessel 編, The Development of Language and Language Researchers: Essays in Honor of Roger Brown, Hillsdale, N.J., Hove, East Sussex: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, →ISBN，第 299 頁:

將算法或子程序交織，使其能夠同時運作

However, we can construct a single master algorithm M that DPExact learns from unknown distribution D by simply dovetailing the algorithms A. The precise way in which we dovetail the algorithms depends on whether our goal is time or query efficiency.

2002, Nader H. Bshouty, Jeffrey C. Jackson, Christino Tamon, “Exploring Learnability between Exact and PAC”, 出自 Computational Learning Theory: 15th Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory, COLT 2002, Sydney, Australia, July 8–10, 2002: Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNAI); 2375; Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN，第 248 頁:

The parts of your essay should dovetail so that it is cohesive and coherent.

The task now facing Mr Crook and his team in the multi-disciplinary programme is sequencing the works going forward, to ensure track, signalling, station works and overhead line installations dovetail together.

2019 October, Philip Sherratt, “Midland Main Line Upgrade Presses On”, 出自 Modern Railways, Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，第 60 頁:


diphthongize

雙元音化；藉由插入或刪除元音使……變成雙元音

同類詞：monophthongize


drawing

/ˈdɹɑ.ɪŋ(ɡ)/

/ˈdɹɔɹɪŋ(ɡ)/


disfavor

冷淡，疏远，失宠，不受欢迎


easternize

"It would suit me very well," he tells her, "if, at this point, I could easternize your Western eyes, your Western heart."

2007年January14日, Liesl Schillinger, “Siberian Fields”, 出自 New York Times:


engineering

/ˌɛn.d͡ʒɪˈnɪə.ɹɪŋ/


edging

edge 的現在時分詞和動名詞


elders

elder的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


electrolyze

由英國的科學家麥可·法拉第在1834年造出。


emasculated

emasculate 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


emulsifying

emulsify 的現在時分詞和動名詞


yawn

音頻（美式，加利福尼亚）


yield

:< 中古英語 yielden、yelden （“屈从，支付”） < 古英語 ġieldan （“支付”） < 原始日耳曼语 *gildanan （“支付”） < 原始印欧语 *gheldh- （“支付”）。 同源词有：荷蘭語 gelden （“适用，有效”）、德語 gelten （“适用，有效”）、西弗里斯蘭語 jild （“钱”）。

yields
yielding
yielded
yold
yielded
yolden

（给大路上的车辆、行人等）让路

（受压）活动，变形，弯曲，折断

出产（作物）；产生（收益、效益等）；提供


yo-yo

原是商標名。最可能源自伊洛卡諾語 yóyo，或另一菲律賓語族同源詞。

The yo-yoing stockmarket whizzed back up by around a quarter and then started to fall again.

1990, The Economist (volume 316, page 93)


waterproof

源自water + -proof。對照西弗里斯蘭語 wetterproef (“waterproof”)，荷蘭語 waterproef (“waterproof”)。


waters

water的第三人稱單數一般現在時形式。


whoops

whoop 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


wok

來自粵語 鑊／镬 (wok6)。


wop

借自那不勒斯語 guappo (“夥計；男人”)，借自西班牙語 guapo (“大膽的；英俊的”, 問候語)。

whop (“擊打”)的另一種寫法


whacked

whack 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


whelm

繼承自中古英語 whelmen。


vaseline

由美國的化學家Robert Augustus Chesebrough在1872造出，來自德語 Wasser (“水”) + 古希臘語 ἔλαιον (élaion, “油”) + -ine。

Even at this late date, vaselining will preserve the best of these leathers.


vaticinate

源自拉丁語 vāticinātus，vāticinor (“預言，預示”) 的完成時被動分詞。

With a slow step, and tears in her eyes, Mrs. Glentworth, vaticinating trouble of some kind, proceeded to cut the string and break the seal of her pacquet.

1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], 章號 LI, 出自 Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], 第 III 卷, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC，第 27 頁:


video

:< 拉丁语 videō（看见）。