with

源自中古英語 with，源自古英語 wiþ，源自原始西日耳曼語 *wiþi，原始日耳曼語 *wiþrą (“反，反對”)的縮略形式。副詞的釋義可能是從其他日耳曼語意譯的，例如 挪威語 med、瑞典語 med 和德語 mit。

wyth (alternative)
whith (alternative)
wᵗʰ (alternative)
wᵗ (alternative)
w/ (dated alternative)
w (alternative)
wi' (alternative)
wit (alternative)
wit' (alternative)
wid (alternative)
wif (alternative)
wiv (alternative)

cut with a knife

I water my plants with this watering can. This is the watering can I water my plants with.

我用這個水壺為我的植物澆水。這是我用來為我的植物澆水的水壺。

Find what you want instantly with our search engine.

使用我們的搜尋引擎快速尋找你想要的 (資訊)。

They dismissed the meeting with a wave of their hand.

他們用手揮了一下，(以表示) 會議取消。

They had cut of his head upon the cudy of his boat had not the man reskued him with a sword...

如果不是那人用劍救了他，他們就在他的船上砍下他的頭…

And keep each other company in spite, / As rivals in your common mistress, fame, / And with faint praises one another damn;

即使如此，你們仍彼此作伴，/ 作為共享情人的競爭對手——名聲，/ 詛咒對方以微弱的讚美；

We are with you all the way.

There are a number of problems with your plan.

What on Earth is wrong with my keyboard?

我的鍵盤到底出什麼毛病了？

He was pleased with the outcome.

I’m upset with my father.

Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.

2013年June29日，“A punch in the gut”, in The Economist，卷 407, 期 8842，頁s 72–3:

It was small and bumpy, with a tinge of orange.

這東西很小、凹凸不平，帶點兒橙色。

As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels.

隨著我們年齡增長，身體的主要動脈常常會因為斑塊而變得增厚，這是一種具有類似燕麥粥質地的脂肪物質，會在血管內壁上逐漸堆積。

2013年 7-8月，史蒂芬·P·洛尼, David M. Pelz，“Stents to Prevent Stroke”, in 美國科學家:

Speak with confidence.

He spoke with sadness in his voice.

She was with Acme for twenty years before retiring last fall.

她在 Acme 工作了二十年，去年秋天退休。

With your kind of body size, you shouldn’t be eating pizza at all.

考慮到你的體型，你不應該吃披薩。

That was a lot to explain; are you still with me?

需要解釋的太多了；你跟得上我嗎？

Are you still with me? Good. I was worried, because you may not think you need a lightweight rifle.

1983年May10日，David E. Petzal，“The Lightweight Division”, in Field & Stream:


an

繼承自古英語 an，on (介詞)。

音頻 (美國)，æ-緊繃

音頻 (美國)，在短語“an egg”非重音

在這一情況下，它與 a 一詞的用法相同，但因元音在前（在未發音的 h 之後）而有所變化。例如：“The train was speeding along at a mile a minute.”

I was only going twenty miles an hour.

我的速度只有每小時二十英里。


longa

源自澳洲克里奧爾語 langa，源自英語 along，對比比斯拉馬語和托克皮辛語 long。

屬於。（從十九世紀開始）

This fella song all about the Aboriginal people, coloured people, black people longa Australia.

1991, Jimmy Chi, Bran Nue Dae, in Heiss & Minter, Macquarie PEN Anthology of Aboriginal Literature, Allen & Unwin 2008, p. 137:

He wait longa river.

2000，Queensland Department of Justice，Aboriginal English in the courts: a handbook:


cum

從一個東西 變成 另一個東西，兩者性質類似。


versus

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-versus.wav

v

用於法庭案件的標題，表示原告控訴被告

v.

用於法庭案件的標題，表示原告控訴被告

It is the Packers versus the Steelers in the Super Bowl.

這場是綠灣包裝工對陣匹茲堡鋼人的超級盃比賽。

In polling by the Pew Research Center in November 2008, fully half the respondents thought the two parties would cooperate more in the coming year, versus only 36 percent who thought the climate would grow more adversarial.

在皮尤研究中心於2008年11月進行的民意調查中，有一半的受訪者認為兩黨在接下來的一年會更多合作，而只有36%的人認為氛圍會變得更對立。

2012年November7日，Matt Bai，“Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times [紐約時報]:

If, for example, we select random people entering a workout gym, versus if we pick random people entering a hospital, we will get very different samples.

例如，如果我們選擇進入健身房的隨機人群，與選擇進入醫院的隨機人群相比，我們將得到非常不同的樣本。

2005，Robert E. Weiss，Modeling Longitudinal Data，Springer, →ISBN，頁 104:

用於法庭案件的標題，表示原告控訴被告

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kans.


ter

‘What about that tea then, eh?’ he said, rubbing his hands together. ‘I’d not say no ter summat stronger if yeh’ve got it, mind.’

1997, J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, iv:


about

中古英語 aboute, abouten < 古英語 abūtan, onbūtan

音頻（加拿大：不列顛哥倫比亞）


of

來自中古英語 of，來自古英語 of (“從、自”)，af的非重音形式，æf (“從、離、離開”)，來自原始日耳曼語 *ab (“離開；遠離”)。off 的同源對似詞，為古英語單詞的重音派生詞。參見off。

o (alternative)
o' (alternative)
a (alternative)

(屬於)： 對於人，一般會直接用所有格形式。

(組成，製成)： of 可以直接與動詞或形容詞短語連用。

現代英語逐漸少用 of 修飾名詞，轉用名詞 + 名詞的結構。對比 part of speech (“詞類”)（16世紀） vs. word class (“詞類”)（20世紀），Federal Bureau of Investigation（“聯邦調查局”，1908年） vs. Central Intelligence Agency（“中央情報局”，1947年），affairs of the world（18世紀） vs. world affairs（“國際事務”，20世紀）。

of 連接名詞和被某些副詞修飾的定語形容詞時，可以被省略。這個用法中可用的副詞包括too、so、how、as、more、less、this、that。

表達距離或移動。 從（遠處、方向），等同於“off”。（自西元9世紀）

Against headache, vertigo, vapours which ascend forth of the stomach to molest the head, read Hercules de Saxonia and others.

1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
, II.5.3.ii:

表達距離或移動。 此後，從（特定時間，先前的情況等）。（自西元9世紀）

And he axed his father: howe longe is it agoo, sens this hath happened hym? And he sayde, of a chylde.

1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Mark IX:

one that I brought vp of a puppy…I was sent to deliuer him, as a present to Mistris Siluia, from my Master.

1616, William Shakespeare, Two Gentlemen of Verona, IV.4:

Obama has been obliged to make nice of late in hope of rescuing the moribund two-state process and preventing resumed West Bank settlement building.

2010 July 29, Simon Tisdall, The Guardian:

表達距離或移動。 從，遠離（位置、人群、距離等）。（自西元10世紀）

There are no shops within twenty miles of the cottage.

村舍方圓二十哩以內沒有商店。

Though Washington does not officially recognize Moscow, the Hoover Administration permits a Soviet Russian Information Bureau to flourish in a modest red brick house on Massachusetts Avenue, within a mile of the White House.

There are now upwards of 1.4 million 99ers in America facing a life with no benefits and few prospects for finding a job in a market in which companies are still not hiring.

表達距離或移動。 表示差多少分鐘到幾整點。（自西元19世紀）

What's the time? / Nearly a quarter of three.

現在幾點？ / 差不多三點差一刻。

"Fellow Democrats," he began, "I left Washington at a quarter of two this morning …."

1940 June 17, "Little Bull Booed", Time:

Quarter of seven. Fifteen minutes to go.

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, 2006, page 194:

表達分離。
表示去除、缺少或分離，謂語用及物動詞，帶賓語。 （自10世紀）

Finally she was relieved of the burden of caring for her sick husband.

最後，她終於卸下了照顧生病丈夫的重擔。

Antigonus [took] upon him to favour a souldier of his by reason of his vertue and valour, to have great care of him, and see whether they could recover him of a lingering and inward disease which had long tormented him ….

1603，Michel de Montaigne，譯者 John Florio, The Essayes […]，London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
, II.1:

I am almost entirely cured of my rheumatism—just a little pain in my knee now and then, to make me remember what it was, and keep on flannel.

In Houston, ten minutes after the Lindquist Finance Corp. was robbed of $447, Office Manager Howard Willson got a phone call from the thief who complained: "You didn't have enough money over there."

表達分離。
表示去除、缺少或分離，結果狀態用形容詞 （自10世紀）

He seemed devoid of human feelings.

But schemes are perfectly accidental: some will appear barren of hints and matter, but prove to be fruitful ….

Yet for long spells Villa looked laboured and devoid of ideas.

2010 October 31, Stuart James, The Guardian:

表達分離。
表示去除、缺少或分離，謂語用不及物動詞。 （14-19世紀）

He was kindly treated by the people at Saco, and recovered of his wounds.

1822, Jacob Bailey Moore, New Hampshire, volume 1, page 5:

表達起源。
表達起源、先祖。 （自9世紀）

The word is believed to be of Japanese origin.

一般認為這個詞來自日語。

They wondred all, and marveylled sayinge amonge themselves: Loke, are not all these which speake off galile? And howe heare we every man his awne tongue wherein we were boren?

1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Acts II:

My father was born of a family of weavers in Manchester, England.

Nothing may come of these ideas, yet their potential should not be dismissed.

2010, "The Cost of Repair", The Economist:

表達起源。 用於別稱，表示人的出生地、住處、所在國或其他與之相關的地名。

Jesus of Nazareth

Anselm of Canterbury

坎特伯雷的安瑟莫（接所在教區）

Anselm of Aosta

奧斯塔的安瑟莫（接出生地）

Anselm of Bec

貝克的安瑟莫（接所在修道院）

Pedro II of Brazil

巴西的佩德羅二世（接統治區域）

Mrs Miggins of Gasworks Road, Mudchester

住在馬切斯特煤氣廠路的米金斯女士（接住處）

表達起源。
表示動作或情感的來源；引出原因、起因；出於，因為 （自9世紀）

The invention was born of necessity.

這項發明是因其必然性而誕生的。

Undoubtedly it is to be understood, that inflicting deserved punishment on all evil doers, of right, belongs to God.

The woman who danced for me said she was there of her own free will, but when I pushed a bit further, I discovered that she "owed a man a lot of money", and had to pay it back quickly.

2008 December 3, Rowenna Davis, The Guardian:

表達起源。
表示動作的來源或原因。 （自10世紀）

It is said that she died of a broken heart.

He smelled of beer and cigarette smoke and his own body.

2006, Joyce Carol Oates, The Female of the Species:

Two men, one from Somalia and one from Zimbabwe, died of terminal illnesses shortly after their incarceration ended.

2010 October 5, Rebecca Omonira-Oyekanmi, The Guardian:

表達起源。
表示形容詞修飾的主語或原因。 （自13世紀）

I am tired of all this nonsense.

我已經厭倦了這些胡言亂語。

Lib Dems were appalled by Mr Boles’s offer, however kindly meant: the party is so frightened of losing its independence under Mr Clegg that such a pact would “kill” him, says a senior member.

2010 September 23, Bagehot, The Economist:

Thus, one finds individuals dead of a gunshot wound with potentially lethal levels of drugs.

2015, Vincent J. M. DiMaio, Gunshot Wounds:

表示施事。
表示動作發出的主體（現在一般後接by）。 （自9世紀）

I am not particularly enamoured of this idea.

After a good while, the iewes toke cousell amonge themselves to kyll him. But their layinges awayte wer knowen of Saul.

1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Acts IX:

she might appeare to be the lively patterne of another Lucrece, yet know I certainly that, both before that time and afterward, she had beene enjoyed of others upon easier composition.

The family is ordained of God.

1995, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The Family: A Proclamation to the World:

Colombia and Venezuela share an elegantly restrained style, with much back-stepping, smaller hand-movements and little use of the elaborate, arm-tangling moves beloved of Cuban dancers.

2008 March 27, "Selling rhythm to the world", The Economist:

用於引出“主語所有格”；接名詞，組成名詞短語的後置修飾語 （也請參見下方的“屬有”義項）。 （自13世紀）

The contract can be terminated at any time with the agreement of both parties.

只要兩黨都能同意，協定可以隨時達成。

In Blood and Sand, meanwhile, Valentino repeatedly solicits the attention of women who have turned away from him.

1994, Paul Coates, Film at the Intersection of High and Mass Culture, page 136:

Somehow Croatia has escaped the opprobrium of the likes of the German Christian Democrats and others that are against any rapid enlargement of the European Union to the include rest of the western Balkans.

2009 December 28, "Head to head", The Economist:

表示施事。
表示形容詞所描述之物的施事者。 （自16世紀）

It was very brave of you to speak out like that.

你那樣大膽說出來，很勇敢。

When this was over, Mr. Woodhouse gratefully observed,—"It is very kind of you, Mr. Knightley, to come out at this late hour to call upon us."

Morrissey's spokesperson says he is considering the offer. It would perhaps be rude of him to decline.

2007 January 10, Dorian Lynskey, The Guardian:

表達構成、物質。
表示材料，製造所需的物質。 （自9世紀）

接於表示建設、製造的動詞後

Many 'corks' are now actually made of plastic.

現在的許多“軟木塞”實際上是用塑料做的。

The mallet is made of a hard heavy wood resembling ebony, is about twelve inches in length, and perhaps two in breadth, with a rounded handle at one end ….

表達構成、物質。
表示前述物體製作所需的材料。 （自10世紀）

She wore a dress of silk.

Perhaps symbolically, Van Doesburg was building a house of straw: he died within a few months of completion, not in Meudon but in Davos, of a heart attack following a bout of asthma.

2010 January 23, Simon Mawer, The Guardian:

表達構成、物質。
表示集合名詞的組成。 （自12世紀）

What a lot of nonsense!

His papers at this period contain a mass of very unedifying and uninteresting documents ….

1853, William Makepeace Thackeray, Barry Lyndon:

I'd expected to be confronted by oodles of barely suppressed tension and leather-clad, pouty-mouthed, large-haired sexiness; the visual shorthand of rock gods in general, and Jon Bon Jovi in particular.

2010 October 31, Polly Vernon, The Guardian:

表達構成、物質。
表示某事物是一類事物中的典型例子。 （自12世紀）

Welcome to the historic town of Harwich.

This having the rainy month of March and April to water it, sprung up very pleasantly, and yielded a very good crop ….

In his studio in the Behlendorf woods, near the Baltic city of Lübeck, Günter Grass reflects on the outcry over his fictive memoir Peeling the Onion.

2010 October 30, Maya Jaggi, The Guardian:

表達構成、物質。
連接兩個差不多同位的名詞，前一名詞修飾後一名詞。 （自14世紀）

I'm not driving this wreck of a car.

As he swallowed the soup his heart warmed to this fool of a girl.

1911, Katherine Mansfield, In a German Pension:

"I'm having a bitch of a day," he says, after ordering a restorative pint of Guinness and flopping down in a seat by the front window.

2010 August 22, Sean O'Hagan, The Guardian:

表示主題。
連接動詞（一般與想、感受、表達等有關）和主語、主題；有關，關於 （自10世紀）

I'm always thinking of you.

he spoke of his uncle with warm regard, was fond of talking of him ….

while producing Cook, which includes more than 250 seasonal recipes by 80 different chefs, we washed up more than 500 times (oh, how I dreamed of dishwashers).

2010 October 19, Rebecca Seal, The Guardian:

表示主題。
引出主題；有關，關於 （自12世紀）

接名詞（現在基本用於表示知識、交流等的名詞）

He told us the story of his journey to India.

他告訴我們他去印度旅行時的故事。

Recession and rising unemployment have put paid to most thoughts of further EU enlargement.

表示主題。
引出主題。 （自15世紀）

This behaviour is typical of teenagers.

The same secludedness and isolation to which the schoolmaster whale betakes himself in his advancing years, is true of all aged Sperm Whales.

表示部分。
引出部分所從屬的整體。 （自9世紀）

Most of these apples are rotten.

這些蘋果大部分都爛掉了。

But as for me said sire Gareth I medle not of their maters therfore there is none of them that loueth me / And for I vnderstande they be murtherers of good knyghtes I lefte theyre company

The dead bodies of the Koreish were despoiled and insulted; two of the most obnoxious prisoners were punished with death ….

1789, Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume 6:

Many of the civilisational achievements of Mesopotamia are the product of that symbiosis.

2010 November 10, Michael Wood, The Guardian:

表示部分。
表示範圍內的一部分。 （自9世紀）

everyone, even the ladies of the village, called the dish tzigayner shmeklekh, or “gypsies' penises.”
村裡的所有人，甚至女士們都將這道菜稱作“tzigayner shmeklekh”，即“吉普賽人的雞巴”。

2005, Naomi Wolf, The Treehouse, page 58:

That, I think, is the buried core of the outrage people feel most generally.

表示部分。
一個，一些 （自9世紀）

接在 to be 之後作表語

On the whole, they seem to be of the decent sort.

總體來說，他們還算體面。

And the folysshe sayde to the wyse: geve us of youre oyle, for oure lampes goo out?

1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Matthew XXV:

Dunning, however, is of the old school, and does not like new faces; so he will have no Irishman at his door ….

1846, James Fenimore Cooper, The Redskins:

連接名詞或代詞所有格，表示部分（不過現在經常和“屬有”義合併）。 （自13世紀）

He is a friend of mine.

He is just what I should have liked a son of mine to be.

1893, Oscar Wilde, A Woman of No Importance, IV:

In its flattering way, the press tried to invest this habit of Bush's with the sense that it was indicative of a particularly sharp wit.

2010 August 27, Michael Tomasky, The Guardian:

表示屬有，…的
屬於、存在或發生在某地、某時。對比“起源”義。 （自9世紀）

He was perhaps the most famous scientist of the twentieth century.

他可能是20世紀的最負盛名的科學家。

The building was erected in two years, at the parochial expence, on the foundation of the former one, which was irreparably damaged by the hurricane of Auguſt, 1712.

1774, Edward Long, The History of Jamaica. Or, General Survey of the Antient and Modern State of that Island, volume 2, book 2, chapter 7, 5:

Thus, as he dressed, the thoughts and the rage of yesterday began to stir and move in his mind again.

Within ten seconds, the citizens of New York, Cleveland, Detroit and Toronto were being given first-hand experience of what it was like to live in the nineteenth century.

2003 August 20, Julian Borger, The Guardian:

表示屬有，…的
經由產權、控制等而屬於（某地） （自9世紀）

The owner of the nightclub was arrested.

In a much-anticipated radio broadcast the Duke of Edinburgh said last night that Britain will be a grim place in the year 2000 ….

The third son, William John (1826-1902), was headmaster of the Boys' British School, Hitchin ….

2001, Dictionary of National Biography, 2001, page 27:

因具有某種特征而屬於（某物或某人）；“屬格所有形”。（對於抽象名詞，和“主語所有格”有交叉。） （自13世紀）

Keep the handle of the saucepan away from the flames.

保持煮鍋的柄不靠近火焰。

The breasts of young girls sometimes become tender at puberty in sympathy with the evolution of the sexual organs ….

1933, Havelock Ellis, Psychology of Sex, volume 4:

It amounts to knocking on the door of No 10 then running away.

2010 October 29, Marina Hyde, The Guardian:

組成“賓語所有格”。
接施事名詞、動名詞或動作名詞。 （自12世紀）

She had a profound distrust of the police.

And he saith unto them, Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men.

1611, Bible, Authorized Version, Matthew IV:

Antifeminism has been a credible cover and an effective vehicle because the hatred of women is not politically anathema on either the Right or the Left.

表達性格或品格。
連接形容詞與名詞/名詞短語，組成準狀語修飾詞；至於，關於 （自13世紀）

My companion seemed affable and easy of manner.

我的同伴看起來友善隨和。

He was huge, raw-boned, knotty, long of body and long of leg, with the head of a war charger.

Still nimble of mind and fleet of foot, Morris buzzed here and there, linking well and getting stuck in at every opportunity.

2004 August 11, Sean Ingle, The Guardian:

表達性格或品格。
表示品質或特征。 （自13世紀）

Pooh was said to be a bear of very little brain.

據說維尼熊是一頭不太聰明的熊。

His frank acceptance of the situation marks him as either an innocent man, or else as a man of considerable self-restraint and firmness.

1891, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Boscombe Valley Mystery:

No other man has made so deep a mark on his time and on our world unless he has been a man of action, a Cromwell or a Napoleon.

1951, Jacob Bronowski, The Common Sense of Science:

表達性格或品格。
表示數量、年齡、價格等。 （自13世紀）

We have been paying interest at a rate of 10%.

She was a tall young girl of about twenty-two or three, holding herself erect and with fine dignity.

1903, Frank Norris, The Pit, Doubleday 1924, page 4:

A police car, traveling southbound at a speed of 40.0 m/s, approaches with its siren producing sound at a frequency of 2 500 Hz.

2006, Serway & Jewett, Principles of Physics, page 428:

表達性格或品格。 連接單數不定名詞（前接不定冠詞）和定語形容詞（由程度副詞修飾）。

It's not that big of a deal.

表達時間點。
……的期間，現在多用於重複或常規的事情。 （自9世紀）

Of an evening, we would often go for a stroll along the river.

晚上我們經常沿著河邊散步。

If there was a type Ida despised, Sir Claude communicated to Maisie, it was the man who pottered about town of a Sunday ….

表達時間點。
表示時間的長度。 （自13世紀）

I've not tekken her out of a goodly long while.

表達時間點。
表示狀態、活動等的持續時間。 （自18世紀）

After a delay of three hours, the plane finally took off.

在延誤三小時過後，飛機終於起飛。

The cab driver's claim he was sleepwalking during the attack has already been supported by his wife of 37 years.


considering

/kənˈsɪdəɹɪŋ/

Considering the extent of his crimes, he was given a surprisingly short sentence.

考慮到他的罪行的嚴重性，他被判的刑期短得出奇。


bating

I replied, That he was a very unworthy man, if it were true, to speak slightingly of a family, which was as good as his own, bating that it was not allied to the peerage […].

‘There is but little I have heard from you which I did not expect to hear, and which I ought not to have expected; because, bating one circumstance, it is all very true.’


in on

參與;知道祕密;熟悉內情


along

:< 中古英语 < 古英语 andlang，构自 and- + lang（长）。


according to

在美国四种词典（MW3, RHU, Encarta和AHD）的未删节版中，according to都被归入介词。


alongside

/əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd/

/əˌlɔŋˈsaɪd/

/əˌlɑŋˈsaɪd/

/əˈlɑŋˌsaɪd/

/əˌlɔŋˈsɑɪd/

The nurse worked alongside the doctor.

The Italian opted for Bolton's Cahill alongside captain John Terry - and his decision was rewarded with a goal after only 13 minutes. Bulgaria gave a hint of defensive frailties to come when they failed to clear Young's corner, and when Gareth Barry found Cahill in the box he applied the finish past Nikolay Mihaylov。

2011年September2日，Phil McNulty，“Bulgaria 0-3 England”, in BBC:

A “moving platform” scheme[…]is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by stepping through docking bays.

2013年June1日，“Ideas coming down the track”, in The Economist，卷 407, 期 8838，頁 13 (Technology Quarterly):

Gatwick, on the other hand, is alongside the Brighton main line, with rail services both to the north (City and West End) and south.

2019 October，John Glover，“Heathrow rail expansion”, in Modern Railways，頁 71:


in addition to

除…之外（还有），相当于 besides；不同于 except，but。


to之縮寫；指定從一種格式轉換為另一種格式


this is 4 U


times

四乘以五等于二十。

一乘以一等于一。


other than

There was no furniture in the abandoned house, other than a broken bedstead.

這間廢屋裡除了一個破床架之外，什麼家具都沒有。


doon

(泰恩赛德) 同down。


fo

(非正式) fo'的另一種拼寫法


bove

源自古英語 bufan ← 原始日耳曼語 *bi + *ufanē (“從上面”)。與荷蘭語 boven同源。後期逐漸認為是above的縮寫。

Her Sea-god syre she dearely did perswade, / T'endow her sonne with threasure and rich store, / Boue all the sonnes, that were of earthly wombes ybore.

1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.iii:


afront

These four came all afront, and mainly thrust / at me. I made me no more ado, but took all their seven / points in my target, thus!

a. 1597，莎士比亞 威廉，亨利四世 (第一部), 第2場，第4幕，行s 195–197:


py

by按發音的非正式寫法。


abaout

about的視覺方言拼法。


aout

... and aout he come rasher nor iver, knockin' here and knockin' there, tell you couldn't hardly sleep for he.

1895, Harry Jones, Fifty Years: Or, Dead Leaves and Living Seeds, page 144

Git aout, else I'll split yer faice !

1919, Thomas Burke, Out and about London, page 115

Ye see, they was able to live both in ant aout o' water–what they call amphibians, I guess.

1936, H.P. Lovecraft, "Shadow over Innsmouth":


throughout

And though a philosopher may live remote from business, the genius of philosophy, if carefully cultivated by several, must gradually diffuse itself throughout the whole society.

1748, David Hume. Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral. London: Oxford University Press, 1973, §5:

“My father had ideas about conservation long before the United States took it up.[…]You preserve water in times of flood and freshet to be used for power or for irrigation throughout the year.[…]”

“我的父親早在美國政府採取措施之前，已經有了保護的想法。 […] 你在洪水期間儲水，這樣一整年都可以用來灌溉。 […]”

1913，Robert Barr，章號 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:

But through the oligopoly, charcoal fuel proliferated throughout London's trades and industries. By the 1200s, brewers and bakers, tilemakers, glassblowers, pottery producers, and a range of other craftsmen all became hour-to-hour consumers of charcoal.

但通過壟斷經營，木炭燃料的使用很快就傳遍倫敦的各類買賣和產業。到1200年代，無論是釀啤酒師還是麵包師傅，無論是製瓦匠還是吹玻璃匠，抑或是製陶工人還是其他產業的手藝人，都開始日夜不停地用起了木炭。

2006，Edwin Black，章號 2, in Internal Combustion:


amidst

amids + -t (無實義)，源自amid + -s (屬格)；等同於amid + -st (無實義)。詞根amid源自中古英語 amidde、amiddes、on midden，源自古英語 on middan (“在中間”)，源自midd (“中間的”)（→mid）。

和其他帶有無實義後綴 -st 的詞一樣，一般認為 amidst 和 amid 同義，英國和北美英語都更傾向於使用 amid，不過 amidst 在英國英語中比在美國英語中更常用。。
amidst/amid 和 amongst/among 意思相近，但有不同。Amid(st) 表示“在……之中”，“被圍繞”，且其他的東西並不突出。 Among(st) 則表示與其他東西混合在。
有些使用者認為 amidst 是 amid 的廢詞形。

Be a philosopher ; but amidst all your philosophy, be still a man.

1748. David Hume. Enquiries Concerning the Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals. London: Oxford University Press, 1973. § 4.

Not so, however, with Tarzan, the man-child. His life amidst the dangers of the jungle had taught him to meet emergencies with self-confidence, and his higher intelligence resulted in a quickness of mental action far beyond the powers of the apes.

1912年，埃德加·赖斯·巴勒斯，人猿泰山，第5章


amongst

amongs + -t (無實義)，源自among + -s (屬格)；等同於among + -st (無實義)。詞根among來自古英語 ongemang，on (“在……的裡面”) + gemang (“集聚，混合”)。

Janek feels very at ease amongst his friends, but gets incredibly nervous when meeting new people.

Janek 感覺和他的朋友在一起十分自在，但他見陌生人時就會很緊張。


in between

來自in + between，可能模仿自in the middle of、in the midst of等短語。

inbetween (alternative)
in-between (alternative)


thru

現代用法起源於1839年左右的美國英語，作為through的按發音及簡化拼法。這拼寫是之前數個中古英語拼法之一。

We wanted an overall treatment system that gave us optimum reliability and required a minimum of labor to operate - from primary clarifier thru sludge handling, …

1996 December，Joe Hastreiter，“Sludge Management Savings Found Among Reeds”, in Water Engineering & Management，卷 143, 期 12, Scranton Gillette Communications，頁 23:

… to respect human rights, then failing to explicitly define thru common understanding.

2003，Hasson Kevin J.，“Religious Liberty and Human Dignity: A Tale of Two Declarations”, in Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy，卷 27, 期 1, Harvard，頁s 81–92:

As the technology improves, there is a possibility to reprogram adult stem cells for therapeutic cloning without "passing it thru" the preimplantation embryo, thus negating current ethical challenges to such research.

2004年December22日，Fredericks, Marcel / Odiet, Jeff A. / Miller, Steven I. / Fredericks, Janet, “Toward an Understanding of "Genetic Sociology" and Its Relationships to Medical Sociology and Medical Genetics in the Educational Enterprise.”, in Education，卷 125, 期 2, Project Innovation, Inc., →ISSN，頁s 222–235:

Going thru a great crisis of self-analysis, especially in relation to job, school, work, students.

2006 December,，Roxanne Mills，“Leadership in Higher Education and the Second Half of Life”, in Education，卷 127, 期 2, Project Innovation, Inc., →ISSN，頁s 294–302:

Myths and Legends of the Pimas of Arizona as received by J. William Lloyd from Comalk-Hawk-Kih (Thin Buckskin) thru the interpretation of Edward Hubert Wood.

2010 January，David Martinez，“Pulling Down the Clouds: The O'odham Intellectual Tradition during the "Time of Famine"”, in American Indian Quarterly，卷 34, 期 1, University of Nebraska Press, →ISSN，頁s 1–32:

If you see thru my eyes, you'd wish you weren't here, because all you will feel sadness and fear. It loneliness and sorrow if you see thru my eyes sit and talk to before you say goodbye. […] See thru my eyes and a tear you will see, I wish you could cry and cry with me.

2011，Fancine N. D'Aprile，From Hell on Earth to the Foot of the Cross，Trafford Publishing, →ISBN，頁 157:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:thru。

through的視覺方言拼法。


wuth

"More'n that, neighbor Walton. You can't get a decent cow for thirty dollars. I hain't got one that isn't wuth more, though I've got ten in my barn."


as per

Gentlemen—As per the rules of your Honorable Body, I advertised for bids for crockery, etc., that might be required by the various Cook County institutions from April 1st to June 30th, 1894, as per specifications on file in my office.

1895，C. Mamer，Official Proceedings of the Board of Commissioners of Cook County, Illinois. 1893/1894，頁 403:


c̄

源自拉丁語 cum 的縮寫。


in lieu of

部分仿譯自法語 au lieu de。

“鑑於”義就詞源上而言是不正確的，字面上就是in place of (“代替”)的意思。

They gave him a cash award, in lieu of the promised prize package.

他們給了他現金獎勵，而不是承諾的獎品。

In lieu of recent events, more caution is needed.

有鑑於最近發生的事件，我們需要更加謹慎。


instead of

來自中古英語 in stede of、in stude of，等價於in + stead + of。與薩特弗里斯蘭語 insteede、ansteede、西弗里斯蘭語 ynstee、德語 anstatt (von)、丹麥語 i stedet同源。

He walked to school instead of taking the car.

他走路去學校而不是坐車。

And he shall be thy spokesman unto the people: and he shall be, even he shall be to thee instead of a mouth, and thou shalt be to him instead of God.
#*:: 他要替你對百姓說話，你要以他當做口，他要以你當做神。


for want of

for want of a better word

少了钉子，失了蹄铁。

a. 1640, For Want of a Nail:
#*: For want of a nail the shoe was lost.
#*: For want of a shoe the horse was lost.
#*: For want of a horse the rider was lost.
#*: For want of a rider the battle was lost.
#*: For want of a battle the kingdom was lost.
#*: And all for the want of a horseshoe nail.


for sake of

She stayed home for sake of her sick friend.

為了（照顧）生病的朋友，她留在家中。


in keeping with

Now all this was very fine, but not at all in keeping with the Celebrity's character as I had come to conceive it. The idea that adulation ever cloyed on him was ludicrous in itself. In fact I thought the whole story fishy, and came very near to saying so.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年），Winston Churchill，章號 3, in The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:


'bout

about的詞首音消失形式。

That's what I'm talkin' 'bout. I need a man like that.

我正是這個意思。我需要這樣的男人。


towards

繼承自中古英語 towardes，繼承自古英語 tōweardes、tōwærdes，等價於 toward + -s (副詞後綴)。

[tʰə̥ˈwɔːdz]

[tʰə̥ˈwɔɹ̠d̠z]

[tʰw̥ɔɹ̠d̠z]

toward

toward的另一種寫法

fromward

toward的另一種寫法

fromwards

toward的另一種寫法

toward的另一種寫法

Towards the following morning, the thermometer fell to 5°; and at daylight, there was not an atom of water to be seen in any direction.

1835，Sir John Ross，Sir James Clark Ross，Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of a North-west Passage …, Volume 1，頁s 284–5:

To the left towers the Jungfrau, with the train heading directly towards it.

1960 December，Voyageur，“The Mountain Railways of the Bernese Oberland”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 752:

But with Goodison Park openly directing its full hostility towards Atkinson, Liverpool went ahead when Carroll turned in his first Premier League goal of the season after 70 minutes.

2011年October1日，Phil McNulty，“Everton 0-2 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport:


in advance of

He travelled in advance of his master, making the necessary arrangements.

他先于主人出发，做好一切必要的安排。