moonscape

In the Australian outback, industrial activity — notably open-pit coal mining — has turned verdant areas into moonscapes seemingly overnight, and the suicide rate in the region has skyrocketed.

2007年December20日，Clive Thompson，“Clive Thompson on How the Next Victim of Climate Change Will Be Our Minds”, in Wired Magazine，期 16.01，存檔自the original on 2013-06-30:

Looking across the recently flattened, desolate moonscape of this former 52-acre Great Western depot and industrial area, south of Willesden Junction in west London, it's hard to imagine it will be home to the UK's largest, busiest and best-connected new railway station since Victorian times.

2020年July15日，Marion Gourlay，“Old Oak Common: no ordinary station”, in Rail，頁 48:


mycoplasma

mycoplasmas (plural)
mycoplasmata (plural)


nutshell

流行語，指一個微小的容器像是核果的東西，現代用法在指把複雜的事情用簡單的方式去理解，分解出小撇步來瞭解一個事情。


nymph

出自拉丁语“nympha”一词。出自希腊语“νύμφη”(númphē)一词。

传说中住在海河或森林的半神、半人的美丽少女。


man-hour

manhour (alternative)
man-hours (plural)

Ten workers for two days—that's 160 man-hours.

十個工人工作兩天——就是160工時。

Since 1950 our agricultural output per man-hour has actually doubled!

1962 January 11, John F. Kennedy, Second State of the Union Address:


megagon

Find the constant of proportionality for a decagon, kilogon, and megagon.

尋找十邊形、一千邊形、一百萬邊形的比例常數

1999，Mark Dugopolski，College Algebra and Trigonometry，頁 505:

[…] 1000000 sides (a "regular megagon") […]

[…] 一百萬條邊（“正一百萬邊形”） […]

A megagon is close to the perfection of a circle — a kind of generational transmutation.

2007, Arthur Greenberg, From Alchemy to Chemistry in Picture and Story


misericord

/ˈmɪzəɹɪkɔː(ɹ)d/

The word misericordia implies an act of mercy but despite its amiable name, it refers to coercing or forcing a spirit to pass through the Gates of Death. In the age of medieval chivalry, knights carried a dagger called the misericorde that was used to strike the coup de grâce upon mortally wounded foes so that they did not have to suffer. The term “misericordia” carries a similar import in necromancy.

2024，Rob Douglas，Nonie Douglas，“Pathways to Resolution” (章號 12), in Unquiet Voices: The Magical Art of Laying Ghosts，Llewellyn Worldwide, →ISBN，頁 223:


miaow

meow的英式英語拼寫法


melancholia

來自晚期拉丁語 melancholia，源自古希臘語醫學術語μελαγχολία (melankholía，“膽汁的黑色”)，來自μέλας (mélas)、μελαν- (melan-，“黑色，黑暗，陰暗”) + χολή (kholḗ，“膽汁”)。


misogyny

miso- + -gyny；來自古希臘語 μισογυνία (misogunía)和μισογύνης (misogúnēs，“厭恨女人的人”)，來自μισέω (miséō，“我厭恨”) + γυνή (gunḗ，“女人”)。

Although she argues against a simplistic conflation of types of prejudice, she suggests that misogyny is typically present in both narcissistic and obsessive forms of anti-Semitic prejudice.
#*:: 儘管她反對將偏見的類型簡單化地混為一談，但她認為厭女症通常存在於自戀和強迫性的反猶太偏見中。

1999, Joanne Marie Greer, David O. Moberg, Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion ISBN 0762304839, p. 29:

His misogyny, like that of his predecessors, is more than prejudice; […]

他的厭女症，就像他的前輩一樣，不僅僅是偏見； […]

1999，Ethel Spector Person，The Sexual Century, →ISBN，頁 84:

This ontological symbiosis also explains his misogyny. By envying Sue, as the man he cannot become, he projects his self-loathing onto her, trying to diminish what he actually admires.

這種本體論的共生關係也解釋了他的厭女症。通過羨慕蘇，作為他不能成為的人，他把他的自我厭惡投射到她身上，試圖削弱他實際欽佩的東西。

2005，Jeff Johnson，William Inge And The Subversion Of Gender, →ISBN，頁 122:

ISBN 0786718234

[…] I have always found it hard that Hamlet, a character that I love and admire, is guilty of a puerile misogyny and, perhaps, more worryingly, of the unnecessary deaths of his old friends from university, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. When I played him, I could find reasons for the misogyny but half-ignored the murders.

[…] 我一直認為，哈姆雷特這個我喜愛和欽佩的人物，犯了愚蠢的厭女症，也許更令人擔憂的是，他大學時的老朋友羅森格蘭茲和吉爾登斯吞的無謂死亡。當我扮演他時，我可以為厭女症找到理由，但對謀殺案卻半點不以為然。

2014年April12日，Simon Russell Beale，“Why Shakespeare always says something new: As the 450th anniversary of Shakespeare's birth approaches, the great Shakespearean actor Simon Russell Beale explains his secrets [print version: The king and I]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review)，London，頁 R7:


misology

派生自古希臘語 μισολογία (misología)。


melancholy

繼承自中古英語 malencolie，來自古法語 melancolie，來自古希臘語 μελαγχολία (melankholía，“atrabiliousness”)，來自μέλας (mélas)、μελαν- (melan-，“黑色，黑暗，陰暗”) + χολή (kholḗ，“膽汁”)。對照拉丁語 ātra bīlis (“黑膽汁”)。形容詞用法是中古英語的創新，可能受到後綴-y、-ly的影響。

melancholly (alternative)
melancholie (alternative)
melancholious (alternative)
melancholies (plural)

Melancholy, cold and dry, thick, black, and sour, […] is a bridle to the other two hot humours, blood and choler, preserving them in the blood, and nourishing the bones.

1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
, Bk.I, New York 2001, p.148:

"The ancients referred melancholy to the mind, the moderns make it matter of digestion—to either case my plan applies," said Lady Mandeville.

1831，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 VI, in Romance and Reality. […]，卷 III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC，頁 111:

As to Ernest... He is quite as nervously broken down as I am but it manifests itself in different ways. His inclination is towards megalomania and mine towards melancholy.

1936 Sept. 15, F. Scott Fitzgerald, letter to Beatrice Dance:


spermatozoon

派生自古希臘語 σπέρμα (spérma，“精液”) + ζῷον (zôion，“生物、活物”)。

spermatozoön (alternative)
spermatozoan (alternative)
spermatozoa (plural)

/ˌspɜːmətə(ʊ)ˈzəʊɒn/

But let us suppose [...] that one hardy or lucky spermatozoon has reached the waiting egg.

但是讓我們假設 … 一個強壯或幸運的精子已經到達等待著的卵子。

2019，Bill Bryson，The Body: A Guide for Occupants，Black Swan (2020)，頁 339:


euphoria

借自新拉丁語 euphoria，來自古希臘語 εὐφορίᾱ (euphoríā)，來自εὔφορος (eúphoros，“承重牆的”)，來自εὐ- (eu-，“出色地”) + φέρω (phérō，“承擔”)。

The runner was in (a state of) absolute euphoria after winning his first marathon.

这位跑手在第一次赢得马拉松比赛后，处于绝对的兴奋状态。


sinology

對中華人民共和國政府高層的政治研究


shindig

來源不確定；可能變自shindy，或源自蘇格蘭蓋爾語 sìnteag (“跳，躍”)。


workaround

雖不能根本解決, 但能避開問題的替代方法。

避免問題或困難而旁道而行達到目的。

臨時解決辨法或暫時解決方法：原本是電腦術語, 相對於「Fix」而言. 當一個程式有了問題, 找出問題所在然後直接解決它，叫做「Solution」; 當問題始終無法解決, 於是想個方法忽略這個問題並使這個問題不致於影響你要用這程式達到的目的, 這樣的方法就叫「Workaround」。


Peter

繼承自中古英語 Peter，繼承自古英語 Petrus，源自拉丁語 Petrus，源自古希臘語 Πέτρος (Pétros)，源自 πέτρος (pétros，“磐石”)。Pedro、Piers、 和 Boutros 的同源對似詞。

Papa

字母 P 的無線電明碼字

字母 P 的無線電明碼字


prase

源自拉丁語 prasius，源自古希臘語 πράσιος (prásios，“綠色的”)，源自古希臘語 πράσον (práson，“韭蔥”)。


sentence

:< 中古法語 sentence < 拉丁語 sententia （“观点，见解”） < sentiens——sentīre （“感受”） 的现在分词。 另见 sentient, sense, scent。


google

The word "oceanfront" has 6,150,000 googles, so I think it must be a real word.

“oceanfront”這個詞在谷歌上有615萬條結果，我覺得這應該是個實際存在的詞。

10¹⁰⁰，就是1之後100個零


afternoon

來自中古英語 afternone、after-non，等同於after- + noon。

afternoone (alternative)
afternoons (plural)


Huron

休伦人，北美洲印第安人。原居在圣劳伦斯河流域(St. Lawrence River)，因与以壶丐族(Iroquois)恶斗，被驱赶到现今奥哈拉何马州(Oklahoma)。


obelisk

:< (1569) 中古法語 obelisque < 拉丁語 obeliscus（同义） < 古希臘語 ὀβελίσκος (obeliskos)——ὀβελός (obelos)（“针”）的指小。

短剑号 (†)；疑问记号


objector

"It would be amusing, sir, to shut these various objectors up in a room and let them settle it among themselves."

1926，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，The Land of Mist:


paramecium

來自古希臘語 παραμήκης (paramḗkēs，“橢圓形的”)，來自μῆκος (mêkos，“長的”)。

The sun beats on his eyelids; inside them a paramecium revolves. A blink and it changes pattern like a kaleidoscope.

1983，Robert Drewe，The Bodysurfers，Penguin 2009，頁 144:

Edgar noticed that Clyde was wearing a necktie with a driblet design. The little figures made him think of paramecia, sinister organisms with gullets and feeding grooves.

1997，Don DeLillo，Underworld，2003 edition, →ISBN，頁 560:


offering

offer 的動名詞
提出

offer 的動名詞
提供

offer 的動名詞
奉献物

offer 的動名詞
牲礼

offer 的動名詞
赠品

offer 的動名詞
奉现


paramo

借自西班牙語 páramo。


percolator

She heard the percolator bell ring.

1986，David Leavitt，The Lost Language of Cranes，第paperback版, Penguin，頁 176:


obscurant

大約於 1793-1799 年輸入英語：源自德語 Obskurant 和法語 obscurant, 源自古典拉丁語 obscūrant-，obscūrāns 的詞根， obscūrāre (“模糊；隱藏”) 的現在分詞， 源自 obscūrus (“黑暗的”)。


obsequies

obsequy 的複數；繼承自中古英語 obsequias、obsequies、obsequyes，源自拉丁語 obsequiae。

牛津辭典偏好唯複用法，可以視作英式英語的用法；而韋伯斯特字典則指出了複數用法的普遍性，並給出了該詞的單數和複數形式。

在現代用法中，不應和 obsequious (“諂媚”) 混淆。

A murmur of astonishment ran through the chapel. It was hushed instantly, for, at a sign from Lord Avonleigh, the coffin was carried into the vault; and again the voice of the priest was the only sound, breathing the last and solemn benediction of the mournful obsequies.

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XIX, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 163:


opisthotonos

源自拉丁語 opisthotonus 及其來源古希臘語 ὀπισθότονος (opisthótonos)，等同於 opistho- + tonus (“肌肉緊張”)。

角弓反張 （自16世纪）

[T]he Actors struggled & bounced, and sprunted as if in Convulsions; like Patients under the Influence of a Disease called in Jamaica the Opisthotonos or dry Gripes […].

演员们挣扎着、弹跳着，像抽搐一样跳跃着；就像患上了一种在牙买加被称为角弓反张或干性肠病的疾病的患者一样 […] 。


phony

:可能源自 fawney（“骗子用的镀了金的黄铜环”）(1781) < 爱尔兰语 fáinne（“环”）。

不诚实的人，冒充的人（或东西），冒牌货


perfectionist

完美主義者 （自20世紀起）

完善論者；認為今生可以達到宗教上或道德上完美的人 （自17世紀起）

聖經共產主義者，由 J. H. Noyes（1811-1886）創立的一個美國小教派，於 1848 年設立在紐約州奧奈達，認為如果接受福音，就可以確保免於罪惡（自19世紀起）


packman

Wildeve was standing with his back to the fireplace smoking a cigar; and the promoter of the raffle, a packman from a distant town, was expatiating upon the value of the fabric as material for a summer dress.

1912，Thomas Hardy，The Return of the Native:

L Beneath love's heavy weight my falt'ring soul Plods, like the packman, o'er life's dusty road.

Magneezhy was in an awful case; if he had been already shot, he could not have looked more clay and corpse-like; so I took up a douce earnest confabulation, while the stramash was drawing to a bloody conclusion, with Mr Harry Molasses, the fourth in the spree, who was standing behind Bloatsheet with a large mahogany box under his arm, something in shape like that of a licensed packman, ganging about from house to house, through the country-side, selling toys and trinkets; or niffering plaited ear-rings, and suchlike, with young lasses, for old silver coins or cracked teaspoons.

1828，David Macbeth Moir，The Life of Mansie Wauch:


okapi

借自姆武巴語 okapi。

Congolese giraffe

㺢㹢狓 （自20世紀早期）

forest giraffe

㺢㹢狓 （自20世紀早期）

zebra giraffe

㺢㹢狓 （自20世紀早期）

㺢㹢狓 （自20世紀早期）

[page 498, column 1] [I]n leading them [African Pygmies] back to the forests where they dwelt, I obtained much information from them on the subject of the horse-like animal which they called the "Okapi." […] [page 499, column 1] The coloration of the Okapi is quite extraordinary. […] The hind quarters, hind and fore legs are either snowy white or pale cream color, touched here and there with orange. They are boldly marked, however, with purple-black stripes and splodges, which give that zebra-like appearance to the limbs of the Okapi that caused the first imperfect account of it to indicate the discovery of a new striped horse.

1901 September，Harry [i.e., Henry] H[amilton] Johnston，“The Okapi: The Newly-discovered Beast Living in Central Africa”, in McClure’s Magazine，卷 XVII, 期 5, New York, N.Y., London: S[amuel] S[idney] McClure Co., →OCLC，頁s 498 and 499:

Personally I esteem it a more fascinating and a more important task to investigate the relations of the Okapi with the Giraffe on the one hand, and its fossil relatives on the other.

1902年November18日，C[harles] I[mmanuel] Forsyth Major，“On a Specimen of the Okapi Lately Received at Brussels”, in Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London，卷 I, London: […] [Zoological] Society [of London]; Messrs. Longmans, Green, and Co., […], →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 344:

Dr. [Cuthbert] Christy adds his testimony to that of his predecessors in the same quest as to the "invisibility" of the okapi, whose markings and coloration—pace Colonel Theodore Roosevelt—so break up the surface of its large body and long legs as to cause it to fuse with the dark-brown, russet, while and yellow-white of the twigs and stems and leaf-stalks amongst which it moves. He also points out that the hoofs of the okapi are so closely pressed together that the footprint is almost like that of the single-toed donkey.

1915年August26日，H[enry] H[amilton] Johnston，“Life Habits of the Okapi”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science，卷 95, 期 2391, London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC，頁 714，列 1:

I also took out a licence to shoot small game, costing fifty francs, which can be obtained on the spot, and under which I was able to shoot all kinds of game, excepting elephants, chimpanzis, gorillas and okapis.

1922 May，T[homas] Alexander Barns，“To the Game-haunted Solitudes of Ruchuru and Ruindi Plains”, in The Wonderland of the Eastern Congo: The Region of the Snow-crowned Volcanoes, the Pygmies, the Giant Gorilla and the Okapi，London, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC，頁 99:


okay

We can start as soon as we get the okay.

我們一拿到許可就可以開始。


perfumer

香水設計師，調香師，香水師


ottoman

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ottoman.wav

This ottoman is set on casters, and is a great convenience for holding articles, while serving also as a seat.

1869，Catherine E. Beecher, Harriet Beecher Stowe，The American Woman’s Home:


pagoda

來自葡萄牙語 pagode，經由泰米爾語來自梵語 भगवती (bhagavatī，女神名)或भागवत (bhāgavata)。


progeny

O Progeny of Heaven! Empyreal Thrones!

(Can we date this quote?)，John Milton，Paradise Lost:

Books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a potency of life in them to be as active as that soul was whose progeny they are.

(Can we date this quote?)，John Milton，Areopagitica:

Dante’s progeny among the writers are his true canonizers.

(Can we date this quote?)，Harold Bloom，(請指定書籍名或刊物名):

Issued from the progeny of kings.

(Can we date this quote?)，William Shakespeare，(請指定書籍名或刊物名):


progesterone

/pɹəˈdʒɛstəɹəʊn/

/pɹoʊˈdʒɛstəˌɹoʊn/


ply

ply (plural)
plies (plural)
plys (plural)


oceanographer

/ˌoʃəˈnɑɡɹəfəɹ/


oracle

繼承自中古英語 oracle，來自古法語 oracle，來自拉丁語 ōrāculum。


pericyte

Since 1873, when Rouget regarded pericytes as contractile elements (Rouget 1874), the discussion concerning this ability has never ceased. Pericytes are likely to respond to vasoactive molecules such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin, angiotensin II, and endothelin-1, because they express respective receptors (Dehouck et al., 1997, Chakravarthy and Gardiner, 1999, Healy and Wilk, 1993).

2007, Martin Krũger, Ingo Bechmann, Pericytes, Thomas E. Lane, Monica Carson, Conni Bergmann, Tony Wyss-Coray (editors), Central Nervous System Diseases and Inflammation, page 39,

However, due to the morphological similarities of rodent retinal capillary endothelial cells and pericytes, markers allowing for the distinction of retinal capillary cells were crucial for quantitative analysis.

2008, Frederick Pfister, Yuxi Feng, Hans-Peter Hammes, Pericyte Loss in the Diabetic Retina, Elia Duh, Diabetic Retinopathy, Humana Press, page 249,

This vessel is assembled by mesonephros-derived endothelial stem cells and subsequently becomes stabilized by pericytes. The pericytes are either produced by the endothelial stem cells or acquired from pericyte progenitors located close by, presumably representing reticular stroma components of the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region known to contain a large number of different stem cell types.

2009, Michail S. Davidoff, Ralf Middendorff, Dieter Müller, Adolf F. Holstein, The Neuroendocrine Leydig Cells and their Stem Cell Progenitors, the Pericytes, Springer, page 106,


ox

源自中古英語 oxe ← 古英語 oxa ← 原始日耳曼語 *uhsô (對比西弗里斯蘭語 okse, 荷蘭語 os, 德語 Ochse)，源自原始印歐語 *uksḗn。與威爾士語 ych (“公牛”), 吐火羅語A ops, 吐火羅語B okso, 阿維斯陀語 𐬎𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬥 (uxšan，“公牛”), 梵語 उक्षन् (ukṣan)同源。

Here the same four kinds are mentioned ... These are sheep, goats, camels and oxen.

1934, commentary on the Qur'an (Sura 39 verse 6) by Abdullah Yusuf Ali:


oratory

/ˈɒɹət(ə)ɹi/


oligarchy

借自法語 oligarchie，源自晚期拉丁語 oligarchia，源自古希臘語 ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía)，源自ὀλίγος (olígos，“少數”) + ἀρχή (arkhḗ，“統治”)。
字面上等同於 oligo- (“少數”) + -archy (“統治，命令”)。

/ˈɒlɪˌɡɑːki/

/ˈɑːlɪˌɡɑɹki/

/ˈoʊlɪˌɡɑɹki/

meritocracy

由「最優秀的人」統治，特別是世襲貴族

Despite the involvement of all classes of society, America's political duopoly and the importance of money to mass-market campaigning has established an oligarchy that is seldom responsive to the citizenry as a whole, when opposed to the wealthy or major interest groups.

儘管社會各階層都參與其中，但美國的雙頭政治壟斷以及金錢對大眾競選活動的重要性，已經確立了一個寡頭政治，當與富人或主要利益集團對抗時，該寡頭政治很少對全體公民負責。

It's an oligarchy because these families own and run almost everything that makes money in El Salvador. Coffee gave birth to the oligarchy in the late 19th century, and economic growth has revolved around them ever since.

這是一個寡頭政治，因為這些家族擁有並經營著薩爾瓦多幾乎所有賺錢的東西。咖啡在19世紀末催生了寡頭政治，從此經濟成長就圍繞著寡頭政治。

1981年September6日，“The Eclipse of the Oligarchs [寡头的衰落]”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The Itasca Project is just one example of existing oligarchy, and a surprisingly open one at that.

伊塔斯卡計畫只是現存寡頭政治的一個例子，並且是一個令人驚訝的公開的寡頭政治。

2016年January17日，“Wealthy cabals run America [富有的阴谋集团统治美国]”, in Al Jazeera America, retrieved 2016-01-18:

The 1832 Reform Act aimed to transform the British oligarchy and allow Parliament to represent the interests of a broader range of the population.

1832年改革法案旨在改變英國寡頭政治，使議會能夠代表更廣泛民眾的利益。

The modern British oligarchy—particularly during periods of Tory rule—has been called a chumocracy.

現代英國寡頭政治——特別是保守黨執政時期——被稱為密友政治。


palaestra

/pəˈlʌɪstɹə/


pneumoconiosis

借自新拉丁語 pneumoconiōsis，來自古希臘語 πνεῦμα (pneûma，“風，氣息，精神”) + κόνις (kónis，“灰塵”) + -osis。

Zhang Haichao was twenty-eight when he got pneumoconiosis. He was fit and well before he started working at an abrasive-materials factory in Xinmi, not far from Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan, where he comes from. On the job, he inhaled a huge amount of dust every day. In the second half of 2007, he began to cough and felt short of breath.

張志超28歲就得了塵肺病。在新密一家磨料工廠上班之前，他的身體很好很健康，那裡距離他的老家、河南省省會鄭州不遠。工作中他每天都會吸入大量的粉塵。在2007年下半年，他開始咳嗽、感覺呼吸困難，

2012，Hsiao-Hung Pai，Scattered Sand: The Story of China's Rural Migrants [散沙：中國農民工的故事]，Verso Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 86:


prolactin

源自 pro- (源自古希臘語 πρό (pró，“之前”)) + lact- (lacto- 的異體，源自拉丁語 lac (“奶，如”)) + -in (-ine 的異體)。

Men get a dose of the hormone prolactin after orgasm and this acts as a sedative.

男性在性高潮后会分泌一定剂量的催乳素，这种激素具有镇静作用。


palatalization

/ˌpælətəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-palatalization.wav


parasiticide

/ˌpæɹəˈsɪtɪsaɪd/


oligopoly

原始印歐語詞
 *h₃ligos
源自oligo- (前綴意思是“很少；一些”) + -poly (後綴，意思是“與市場上賣家的數量有關”)，類比monopoly。

/ɒlɪˈɡɒpəli/

/ˌɑləˈɡɑpəli/

Because of the ease of collusion, particularly price fixing, duopolies and oligopolies easily produce outcomes as bad for the general public as outright monopolies.

由於容易發生合謀，尤其是價格操縱，雙頭壟斷和寡占很容易產生與徹底壟斷一樣對公眾有害的後果。

For the sheep are falling into few and powerful hands; and these, if they have not a monopoly, have at least an oligopoly, and can keep up the price.

因為羊群落入了少數有權有勢的人的手中；這些企業即使沒有形成壟斷，至少也是形成寡占，並且能維持價格。

1866年October1日，Frederic Seebohm，“The Oxford Reformers of 1498. Chapter VII.”, in The Fortnightly Review，卷 VI, 期 XXXIV, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, section 3 ([Thomas] More Drawn into Court. His Introduction to the “Utopia” (1516))，頁 489:

[Thomas] More makes an antithesis between monopolium and oligopolium. We have ‘monopoly,’ but not ‘oligopoly’ (the sale by a few), and so cannot preserve the point of the sentence.

[托馬斯] 莫爾將壟斷與寡占進行了對比。我們有‘壟斷’，但沒有‘寡占’（少數人銷售），因此無法保留該句子的要點。

[1895，J[oseph] H[irst] Lupton，“The Fyrste Boke of the Communycacion of Raphaell Hythlodaye Concernynge the Best State of a Commenwealthe”, in Thomas More, 譯者 Ralph Robynson, The Utopia of Sir Thomas More: In Latin from the Edition of March 1518, and in English from the First Edition of Ralph Robynson’s Translation in 1551 […]，Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, footnote 2，頁 55，列 2:

An embarrassing infelicity is the use of Russianised consonants, where for six of the consonants, an additional set is made by supersigns, representing the letter h. […] The specialist offices have it all to themselves; not a 'monopoly’, but an ‘oligopoly’, if we may coin the term.

一個令人尷尬的不恰當之處是俄語化輔音的使用，其中六個輔音由一組額外的上標符號組成，代表字母 h。 […] 專業辦公室擁有自己的一切；不是‘壟斷’，而是‘寡占’，如果我們可以創造這個術語的話。

1907 April，G. Macloskie，“[General Literature.] The Gospel of Matthew in Esperanto.—La Evangelio Sankta Mateo lau Dro. Martin Luther Tradukita en la Lingvon Internacian Esperanto de W. B. Mielck kaj Fr. Stephan, kun Antauparolo de Lic. Dr. Alfred Jeremias Pastro de la Lutheran-preghejo kaj Docento de la Universitato en Leipzig. Leipzig, 1906. J. C. Hinrichs. pp. vii, 66. [book review]”, in The Princeton Theological Review，卷 V, 期 2, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 352:

The major difference between pure and differentiated oligopoly cases is that in pure oligopolies less "shock" is needed to alter the organization of the market.

純粹寡占和差異化寡占之間的主要區別在於，純粹寡占需要較少的「衝擊」來改變市場組織。

1967，John C. Narver，“The Competitive Effects of Conglomerate Mergers”, in Conglomerate Mergers and Market Competition (Publications of the Institute of Business and Economic Research, University of California)，Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California Press, 出版於 1969, →OCLC，頁 126:

Although the power source had shifted from the king's near monopoly into an elite oligopoly, the masses were still afflicted when they sought wood fuel. But through the oligopoly, charcoal fuel proliferated throughout London's trades and industries. By the 1200s, brewers and bakers, tile makers, glassblowers, pottery producers, and a range of other craftsmen all became hour-to-hour consumers of charcoal. This only magnified the indispensable nature of the oligopolists.

雖然權力來源已經從國王的近乎壟斷轉變為精英寡占，但民眾在尋求木質燃料時仍然受到困擾。但由於寡占，木炭燃料在倫敦的整個貿易和工業中迅速普及。到了 13 世紀，釀酒師、麵包師、瓷磚製造商、玻璃吹製工、陶器生產商以及其他一系列工匠都成為了木炭的即時消費者。這只會放大寡頭的不可或缺性。

2006 September，Edwin Black，“Power Struggle”, in Internal Combustion: How Corporations and Governments Addicted the World to Oil and Derailed the Alternatives，New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN，頁 16:

By the late 1930s, however, the major film companies had consolidated their status as vertically-integrated oligopolies that dominated movie production, distribution and exhibition.

然而，到了 20 世紀 30 年代末，主要電影公司已經鞏固了其垂直整合寡占的地位，主宰了電影製作、發行和放映。

2016，Iwan Morgan，“Introduction: Hollywood and the Great Depression”, in Hollywood and the Great Depression: American Film, Politics and Society in the 1930s，Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN:

Not only does the tech oligopoly seamlessly record our preferences, habits, and choices, it also uses that data to guide our future choices, rendering us increasingly useful to the tech companies and useless to ourselves.

科技寡占不僅無縫記錄我們的偏好、習慣和選擇，還利用這些數據來引導我們未來的選擇，使我們對科技公司越來越有用，而對我們自己卻毫無用處。

2022年October28日，Malcolm Harris，“Are We Living Under ‘Technofeudalism’?”, in New York Magazine:


perineum

借自晚期拉丁語 perinaeum，源自古希臘語 περίναιον (perínaion，“肛門和陰囊之間的空間”)，源自古希臘語 περίνεος, περίνεοι (períneos, períneoi，“男性生殖器”)，源自早期古希臘語 περίς (perís，“陰莖”)，源自古希臘語 πηρίς (pērís，“陰囊”)。

He was attacked with complete retention of urine, after a debauch, and six weeks afterwards an abscess formed in the perineum, which eventually burst, leaving a fistulous opening, through which the urine continued to be discharged to the period of his admission into the Hospital.

在一次放蕩之後，他出現完全尿瀦留，六週後會陰部形成膿腫，膿腫最終破裂，留下一個瘻管口，尿液經由該口繼續排出，直到他入院期間。

1827，Guy's Hospital: Case of Fistula in Perineo, Successfully Treated: The Lancet，卷 12，頁 61:

The prostate is surrounded by venous plexi and the perineum has a rich blood supply.

前列腺周圍有靜脈叢，會陰部有豐富的血液供應。

2005，Brian J. Moran，“27: Using the perineal pressure applicator device”, in Basic and Advanced Techniques in Prostate Brachytherapy，頁 251:

The perineum is diamond shaped and stretches from the pubic symphysis to the coccyx.

會陰呈菱形，從恥骨部聯合延伸至尾骨。

2011，Ian Lyons，Biomedical Science: Lecture Notes，頁 371:


premium

保险费，為保險和人壽險契約所支付的金額。


paleness

The cold weather intensified the paleness of the landscape.


ode

來自中古法語 ode，來自晚期拉丁語 ōda，來自古希臘語 ᾠδή (ōidḗ，“歌”)。Aoede 的同源對似詞。

[標題]

write an ode to someone


oxyhydroxide

（无机化学）氢氧化合物；水合氧化物


oxytocin

源自 oxytocic，源自古希臘語 ὀξύς (oxús，“快速”) + τόκος (tókos，“分娩”，源自 τίκτω (tíktō，“分娩”，動詞))。

Some women describe episodes of intense pleasure akin to orgasm during nursing. It would be interesting to know whether the release of oxytocin during suckling plays a role in this subjective feeling, as it may do in actual orgasm.

有些女性描述自己在哺乳过程中体验过类似性高潮的强烈快感。探究哺乳过程中催产素的释放是否像在实际性高潮中一样，在这种主观感受中发挥作用，将会非常有趣。

1994，Simon LeVay，The Sexual Brain，MIT Press, →ISBN，頁 67:

MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, greatly increases feelings of empathy (and perhaps the actual capacity to perceive the emotions of others); one of the mechanisms (oxytocin release) is now becoming understood, […]

MDMA，俗称摇头丸，能极大地增强同情心（或许还能增强感知他人情绪的实际能力）；其中一种机制（催产素释放）现在正逐渐被人们所理解， […]

2011，Mark A.R. Kleiman et al.，Drugs and Drug Policy，Oxford University Press, →ISBN:

When human beings bond—by hugging, kissing, touching, having sex, eating together, giving massages, or even when singing together or speaking reassuring words—oxytocin brings us “in from the cold,” warming us—quite literally—as it redirects blood flow into hands, feet, chests and cheeks.

当人类通过拥抱、亲吻、抚摸、做爱、一起吃饭、按摩，甚至一起唱歌或说安慰的话来建立联系时，催产素会让我们“从寒冷中走出来”，让我们感到温暖——直接按字面意思理解就好——因为它会将血液流向手、脚、胸部和脸颊。

2012，Giles Slade，“World without oxytocin”, in Big Disconnect，Prometheus Books, →ISBN:


prong

來自中古英語 pronge，可能來自中古低地德語 prange (“棍子，約束裝置”)，來自prangen (“按，捏”)，來自古撒克遜語 *prangan，來自原始西日耳曼語 *prangan，來自原始日耳曼語 *pranganą (“壓”)，來自原始印歐語 *(s)preng- (“包裹，限制”)。
與立陶宛語 spriñgti (“窒息或阻塞”)、拉脫維亞語 sprañgât (“繩索，限制”)、古希臘語 σπαργανόω (sparganóō，“用襁褓包裹”)、σπάργανον (spárganon，“襁褓”)同族。參見prank、prance、prink。

細、尖、突出的部分；尖頭

a pitchfork with four prongs

the two prongs of a river

the second prong of the argument

One look at that lifeguard's prong gave me a throbber like a baseball bat — not quite that big, of course, but at least that hard!

我看了一眼那救生員的硬屌，看起來就像打棒球的棒子——不算很大，但至少很硬！

Hang on... That looks like... No, it can't be. Is that my wang!? Micky Paintbrush, have you painted my papal prong on that nudy man!?

2008, Andy Zaltzman on The Bugle podcast, episode 34, You Will Know Us By Our Knobbly Fruit.


poetry

[ˈpʰoʊ̯.ətˌɹi]


outbuilding

Once they reach the remote farm, Jake insists on giving Lucy a tour of the outbuildings before they go into the house, a tour that includes some lambs that have frozen to death in a barn, and the spot where a pig was eaten alive by maggots.

2020年September1日，Nicholas Barber，“Five stars for I'm Thinking of Ending Things”, in BBC:


poilu

借自法語 poilu (“毛茸茸的；勇敢的”)。plew 的同源對似詞。

第一次世界大戰期間的法國步兵


outdoors

She loves the outdoors.


peritonitis

peritonitides (plural)
peritonites (plural)

Intraperitoneal injections of a strong solution produce fibrohemorrhagic peritonitis of varying intensity, according to the strength of the solution; while intraperitoneal injections of small quantities of a diluted solution of formalin induce a chronic peritonitis with great connective tissue proliferation, and a striking eosinophilia.

腹膜内注射浓溶液，根据溶液的浓度，可引起不同程度的纤维出血性腹膜炎；而腹膜内注射少量稀释的福尔马林溶液，可引起慢性腹膜炎，并伴有大量结缔组织增生，以及明显的嗜酸性粒细胞增多。

1901 December，E. Q. THORNTON M.D.，“PRACTICAL THERAPEUTIC REFERENDUM”, in PROGRESSIVE MEDICINE. A QUARTERLY DIGEST OF ADVANCES DISCOVERIES AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SCIENCES.，卷 IV，頁 363:


odyssey

源自 Odyssey，源自古希臘語 Ὀδυσσεία (Odusseía，“奧德修斯的故事”)。

Many have been sharing cartoons praying for a successful conclusion to the Wild Boar team's odyssey, hoping that it will end in their safe rescue.

2018年July8日，Euan McKirdy, Hilary Whiteman，“Thai cave rescue: Divers enter cave to free boys”, in edition.cnn.com，CNN, retrieved 2018-07-08:


parlance

來自中古英語 *parlaunce，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 parlance、parlaunce，來自parler (“說話”) + -ance。

措辞，特别是谈到工作或兴趣时。

To my childish fancy, it had seemed an imaginary flag-staff, or, in rustic parlance, the "liberty pole" of some former generation […]

We approach the contest, still known in the common parlance of the country, as "the first Pennimite War."

1845，Charles Miner，History of Wyoming, Letter IX:

And without further parlance they fought, […]

1849，Lady Charlotte Guest，The Mabinogion, "Peredur the Son of Evrawc":

The tourist's impression of the country to-day is that of a transported Holland, in which the official language is Dutch and the parlance of the people is "taki-taki."

1909，William Elliot Griffis，The Story of New Netherland, Chapter 22:


outhouse

繼承自中古英語 outhous，等價於 out- + house。對照古諾爾斯語 úthús。

远离主建筑或从主建筑没有直接的入口进入的小型附属建筑

木头隔间的户外厕所（通常粪池上只有一个蹲位），一般为长期建筑

There was a considerable outhouse, which he unlocked and we entered.

1929，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，The Disintegration Machine:

[…] plenty of sand and cement had been found in one of the outhouses

1945年August17日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，章號 6, in Animal Farm […]，London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:


photocopier

Now the chintzy nameplate is all that distinguishes his work space from those of the photocopier repairperson, diet food company, and kitchen designer down the hall.

现在，这块印花布铭牌就是他的工作空间与走廊另一头的复印机维修工、减肥食品公司和厨房设计师的工作空间的唯一区别。

1998年December18日，Peter Margasak，“Punk Planet's New Atmosphere”, in Chicago Reader:


poleax

poleaxe的另一種拼寫法


ornithorhynchus

/ˌɔː(ɹ)nɪθəˈɹɪŋkəs/


palus

派生自拉丁語 pālus。pole、peel、 和 pale 的同源對似詞。

沿著珊瑚的內部隔膜邊緣的垂直支柱


palus

派生自拉丁語 palūs (“沼澤”)。

行星或衛星上的小型平原（和mare相比）


ptomaine

源自法語 ptomaïne，再源自意大利語 ptomaina，最終來自古希臘語 πτῶμα (ptôma，“屍體”)。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ptomaine.wav

On 6 February 2001 the Yaremche Environmental Health Inspectorate (санітарно-епідеміологічна станція) concluded that the cemetery should not have been constructed on the VL [Vorokhtya Lisokombinat] plot in view of its proximity to residential buildings and the risk of contamination of the surrounding environment by ptomaine.

2014年April9日，European Court of Human Rights，Dzemyuk v. Ukraine，期 42488/02, marginal 10:

"There have been cases of ptomaine poisoning from them, haven't there? Mr. Abbott put on a horrified expression.

1940，Agatha Christie，Sad Cypress: A Poirot Mystery，頁 92:

You remember Leonard Skinner. He got ptomaine poisoning last night after dinner.

1963 , Allan Sherman, ‘’Hello Muddah, Hello Fadduh (A Letter from Camp)

That is the place to find the kinds of shikses Who Will Do Anything! If only a person is willing to risk polio from the pool, gangrene from the footbath, ptomaine from the hot dogs, and elephantiasis from the soap and the towels, he might possibly get laid.

1969，Philip Roth，Portnoy’s Complaint，New York: Vintage, 出版於 1994，頁 165:

Sandwiches arrived from outside, strange granular bread, the butter on it liquid, some sort of beige meat paste that hinted at ptomaine.


orphanage

/ˈɔː(ɹ)fənɪd͡ʒ/


polisher

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-polisher.wav


photographer

photograph + -er，來自古希臘語 φωτός (phōtós)，為φῶς (phôs，“光”) + γράφω (gráphō，“寫”)的屬格單數。

/fəˈtɑɡɹəfɚ/

/fəˈtɒɡɹəfə/


onus

:< 拉丁語 onus （“负担”）。


orthodoxy

/ˈɔːθədɒksi/

/ˈɔːɹθədɑːksi/


punctate

源自拉丁語 punctum (“點”)。參見 point 和 punctuate。


participial

借自拉丁語 participiālis，源自 participium (“分詞”)。


oof

擬聲詞。和荷蘭語 oef、德語 uff同源。動詞用法源自 roblox 虛擬人偶死掉後發出的聲音。

因疼痛（如被打了一拳後吐氣）而發出的聲音。

The soldier on the ground clutched his head and then his stomach and gave an "oof" of pain.

地上的士兵捂著頭，然後捂著肚子，發出一聲痛苦的呻吟。

1966，James Workman，The Mad Emperor，Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts，頁 33:


oof

錢 （約 1850 年 – 約 1940 年）

“Oh,” Johnnie was saying, “so Quest is his name, is it, and he lives in a city called Boisingham, does he? Is he an oof bird?” (rich)
“Rather,” answered the Tiger, “if only one can make the dollars run, but he's a nasty mean boy, he is.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

1888, H. Rider Haggard, Colonel Quaritch V.C. (archive.org ebook), page 232:

Burlington Bertie's the latest young jay
He rents a swell flat somewhere Kensington way
He spends the good oof that his pater has made
Along with the Brandy and Soda Brigade.

1900, Harry B. Norris, Burlington Bertie (song)

What's he after? Oof—oof—oof, that's what he's after. He's for his own pocket, he's for being boss of all the woolly West. He's after keeping us poor and making himself rich.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

1911–1912, published 1916, Gilbert Parker, The World For Sale, book 2, chapter 10 (Gutenberg ebook, archive.org ebook):

Chuffy: It's on a knife edge at the moment, Bertie. If he can get planning permission, old Stoker's going to take this heap off my hands in return for vast amounts of oof.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

1991 May 12, "Kidnapped!" Jeeves and Wooster, Series 2, Episode 5:


prospectus

借自法語 prospectus，來自拉丁語 prospectus。prospect 的同源對似詞。

prospectuses (plural)
prospectus (plural)


panegyric

/ˌpænəˈd͡ʒɪɹɪk/

/ˌpænəˈd͡ʒaɪɹɪk/


ovation

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ovation.wav


quantum

借自晚期拉丁語 quantum。


passage

繼承自中古英語，源自古法語 passage，源自 passer (“通過”)。

passage of scripture

She struggled to play the difficult passages.

她尽力演奏那些困难的乐段。

He made his passage through the trees carefully, mindful of the stickers.

他小心翼翼地穿过树林，留意着粘人的东西。

議會通過法案 （自17世紀）

The company was one of the prime movers in lobbying for the passage of the act.

该公司是游说此法案通过的主要推动者之一。

the Northwest Passage


passenger

/ˈpæsɪnd͡ʒɚ/

/ˈpæsənd͡ʒɚ/

/ˈpæsɪnd͡ʒə/

/ˈpæsənd͡ʒə/

unscheduled passenger


protection

/pɹəˈtɛkʃən/


protectionism

借自法語 protectionnisme。字面上等同於 protection + -ism。

/pɹəˈtɛkʃənɪzəm/


protectionist

源自法語 protectionniste。字面上等同於 protection + -ist。


quartic

描述此類方程或函數的曲線


purslane

來自古法語 porcelaine，可能變自拉丁語 porcilaca (“馬齒莧”)（與portulaca (“馬齒莧”)）有關，參見法語porcelaine (“瓷”)。

purslain (alternative)
purslanes (plural)

ASPARAGUS, cauliflowers, imperial Sileſia, royal and cabbage lettuces, burnet, purſlain, cucumbers, naſturtian flowers, peaſe and beans ſown in October, artichokes, ſcarlet ſtrawberries, and kidney beans.

1767，A Lady [Hannah Glasse]，The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Eaſy […] ，頁 326:

西伯利亚春美草，pink purslane (Claytonia sibirica)


polygon

來自古希臘語 πολύγωνον (polúgōnon)，來自πολύς (polús，“多”) + γωνία (gōnía，“角”)。

這樣一個圖形的內部的整體


oscillograph

With Dr. Ewing brainstorming and Dr. Worzel leading the designers, the team slapped together precursors of more precisely manufactured measuring devices: a camera to take photos thousands of feet below the ocean’s surface, with a coffee-can lid for a flash reflector and a thick, diner-style drinking glass as its casing; a seismograph timed by a modified railroad pocket watch; an oscillograph, to record electrical changes, run by a motor from a toy electric train.

2009年January26日，Dennis Hevesi，“J. Lamar Worzel, Expert on Ocean’s Depths, Dies at 89”, in New York Times:


perversity

perverse + -ity，源自中古法語 perversité，源自拉丁語 perversitas.


pastoral

/ˌpæsˈtɔːɹəl/


quincunx

借自拉丁語 quīncunx。


pusher

推動的某人或某物（自16世紀）

同類詞：pushee


rubbing

繼承自中古英語 rubbinge、rubbynge，等價於 rub + -ing。

He was delighted to come across a little-worn crest of the old Great Eastern Railway, never dreaming that such a relic would still be in use, and was taking a pencil-rubbing to add to his collection.

1951 April，R. S. McNaught，“Railway Enthusiasts”, in Railway Magazine，期 600，頁 271:


pussy

And although, as someone recently said to me, they are not "designer" (she had expected my pussies to be expensive, with a pedigree), to me my cats are the most beautiful in the world.
儘管正如最近有人對我說的那樣，它們不是「設計師」（她本來以為我的貓咪會很貴，有血統），但對我來說，我的貓咪是世界上最漂亮的。

2007, Liz Jones, "Are cats the new dogs?", The Independent, 17 Nov 07:

對女孩或女人親熱的稱呼 （16世紀－）

If Lloyd George’s endearments to mistress Frances Stevenson – “My darling Pussy. You might phone… on Friday if you can come. Don’t let Hankey see you” – had been made similarly public, would he have maintained his own reputation as a towering statesman?
如果勞埃德·喬治對情婦弗朗西斯·史蒂文森的愛慕─我親愛的小貓。你星期五…可以打電話，如果你能來的話。不要讓漢克看到你─也同樣被公開，他還能保持自己作為一個高大政治家的聲譽嗎？

2010, Jojo Moyes, "Why love letters are better left unread", The Telegraph, 3 Jun 2010:

女性的陰部。（17世紀－）

You have a lovely pussy!

There's a lot of disagreement about where that word came from. Pussy is actually a diminutive of pusillanimous, meaning cowardly. Although maybe the origin doesn't matter, since everyone equates it with the female anatomy anyway?

關於這個詞的來源，有很多分歧。pussy 實際上是「pusillanimous」的縮略語，意思是「懦弱」。儘管也許起源並不重要，因為無論如何每個人都把它與女性的解剖結構等同起來？

[2016，Alexandra Sirowy，The Telling (young adult fiction), Simon & Schuster，頁 6:

柔軟而毛茸茸的東西；一種花序，如褪色柳的柳絮。（19世紀－）

和女性性交 （20世紀－）

I’m gonna get me some pussy tonight.

我今晚要去找些小妞來肏。

The teachers are not there to help you. Most oft them are still freelancers and the last thing they want is more competition. They are there because they need a steady paycheck and they hope to score some pussy!

老師們不是來幫助你的。他們中的大多數人仍然是自由職業者，他們最不想看到的是更多的競爭。他們在那裡是因為他們需要一份穩定的薪水，而且能搞到一些馬子！

1991，Daniel Clowes，Art School Confidential:

懦夫，膽小鬼。（20世紀－）

You're such a pussy!

You ought to hear some of the docs that are the sweetest old pussies with their patients—the way they bawl out the nurses. But labs—they seem sort of real. I don't suppose you can bluff a bacteria—what is it?—bacterium?

你應該聽聽那些對病人最可愛的老娘們儿的說法--他們對護士吆喝的方式。但是，實驗室--它們似乎有點真實。我不認為你能唬住一個細菌─它是什麼？─細菌？

1925，Sinclair Lewis，Martin Arrowsmith (fiction), Harcourt Brace & Company:

I couldn't carry the burden of shame engendered by the bully-boy advertising of "max-strength" cold and flu remedies, the obvious subtext of which is "Get to work, you pussy."

我無法承擔「最大強度」的感冒和流感藥的霸道廣告所帶來的恥辱負擔，其明顯的潛台詞是「去工作吧，你這個娘們」。

2007年November26日，Matt Keating，“Do everyone a favour and don't bring your cold to work”, in The Guardian，存檔自the original on 2014-10-06:

Shepard: You're in a bad situation, and I'm going to get you out of here.
Jack: Shit, you sound like a pussy.

謝潑德：你的處境很糟糕，我會帶你離開這裡。
傑克：操，你聽起來像個娘們。

2010，BioWare，Mass Effect 2，Redwood City: Electronic Arts, 經由 PC, →OCLC，幕：Prison Ship Purgatory:

男人的肛門，通常是同性戀性行為的被動參與者


patchouly

patchouli (“薄荷屬植物”)的另一種拼寫法


reckoning

reckon的動名詞，來自reckon + -ing。對照荷蘭語 rekening、德語 Rechnung。

By that reckoning, it would take six weeks to go five miles.

按此推算，走五哩路要花上六個星期。

So saying, he called for a reckoning for the wine, and throwing down the price of the additional bottle which he had himself introduced, rose as if to take leave of us.

day of reckoning

The research presented in this paper is the most comprehensive and up-to-date reckoning of an expanding set of portmanteau terms based on the word English.

2018，James Lambert，“A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide，頁 18:

帳單或支票，尤指在旅館或酒館


overdose

/ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/

藥劑過量，用藥過量，吸毒過量

to die of a heroin overdose


ossuary

派生自晚期拉丁語 ossuārium。


pet name

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见pet、name。

My boyfriend won't let me call him by his pet name, Pookie, in public.

我的男朋友不允許我在大庭廣眾之下叫他的小名 Pookie。


register

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tə/

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tɚ/

The teacher took the register by calling out each child's name.

老師以點名的方式對每個孩子進行登記。

When the microprocessor decodes the JSR opcode, it stores the operand into the TEMP register and pushes the current contents of the PC ($00 0128) onto the stack.

當微處理器解碼 JSR 操作碼時，會將操作碼儲存到 TEMP 暫存器，並將 PC 的目前內容 ($00 0128) 推入堆疊。

1992，Michael A. Miller，The 68000 Microprocessor Family: Architecture, Programming, and Applications，頁 47:

If you can trace back through the disassembly to where the variable is first loaded into a register, you can often discover its value or its address by inspecting that register.

2014，Jason Gregory，Game Engine Architecture, Second Edition，頁 90:

同類詞：lect

We rewrote certain communications templates to use a more formal register.

It seems equally clear that the ‘Complement + Prepositionʼ order illustrated in (172) (a) is likewise highly marked, and hence subject to heavy restrictions on its use. And sure enough, this does indeed seem to be the case: for one thing, forms such as thereafter, herein, whereby are stylistically highly marked (e.g. they are only used in particular registers such as legal language).

1988，Andrew Radford，章號 5, in Transformational grammar: a first course，Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press，頁 275:

While e-memos are less formal than the memos discussed [above], they still need to be professional in appearance and in register, that is, in the level of formality.

2021，Laurel Currie Oates, Anne Enquist, Jeremy Francis，章號 19, in The Legal Writing Handbook: Analysis, Research, and Writing (8th Edition)，Wolters Kluwer，頁 278:


registrar

源自中世紀拉丁語 registrārius，源自 registrum (“登記”) + -ārius (“施事名詞後綴”)。更多請見 register。

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪsˌtɹɑɹ/

登記員 大學裡負責保存入學和學業成績紀錄的官員

登記員 負責保存與博物館或檔案館收藏相關的記錄的人員

登記員 司法法庭的首席執行官，負責該部門的整個登記工作

在一些國家接受高級專業培訓以成為顧問的醫生


baleen

來自中古英語 baleyne，來自古法語 baleine (“鯨、鯨鬚”)，來自拉丁語 balaena (“鯨”)，來自古希臘語 φάλαινα (phálaina，“鯨”)。

“You have probably never seen anything like this before, Mr. Toler. It is baleen, or if you prefer it, whalebone, taken from the mouth of the bowhead whale. It is used by the whale to filter its food.”

1954，Alexander Alderson，章號 5, in The Subtle Minotaur:

Scammon estimates the number of baleens killed in the years 1835-72 at 131,000; once again, his figure needs to be adjusted.

2007，Lance E. Davis，In Pursuit of Leviathan: Technology, Institutions, Productivity, and Profits:

The Balene is a fishe great and huge, much like to the Whale, and is so called, because of his outcasting and shedding of water, for they throwe water higher then other great fishes of the sea.


roc

西班牙語 rocho、ruc，源自阿拉伯語 رُخّ (ruḵḵ)，源自波斯語 رخ (rox)。

鵬，大鵬；東方傳說中的一種巨大神鳥

"By this time the sun was about to set, and all of a sudden the sky became as dark as if it had been covered with a thick cloud. I was much astonished at this sudden darkness, but much more when I found it occasioned by a bird of a monstrous size, that came flying toward me. I remembered that I had often heard mariners speak of a miraculous bird called Roc, and conceived that the great dome which I so much admired must be its egg. In short, the bird alighted, and sat over the egg. As I perceived her coming, I crept to the egg, so that I had before me one of the legs of the bird, which was as big as the trunk of a tree. I tied myself strongly to it with my turban, in hopes that the roc next morning would carry me with her out of this desert island. After having passed the night in this condition, the bird flew away as soon as it was daylight, and carried me so high, that I could not discern the earth;

The Arabian Nights Entertainment. Tale 4. Sinbad. The Second Voyage.


Rhadamanthus

源自拉丁語，源自古希臘語 Ῥαδάμανθυς (Rhadámanthus)。

/ˌɹæ.dəˈmæn.θəs/

拉达曼迪斯，冥土判官之一

It was in vain to be a Rhadamanthus with the bells, and if an unfortunate bell rang without leave, to have it down inexorably and silence it.


regulation

/ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/

/ˌɹɛɡjəˈleɪʃən/


polystyrene

It was 30 times lighter and more flexible than the polystyrene that had previously been used.

它比以前使用的聚苯乙烯轻30倍，而且更灵活。

1996年April2日，Julia Campbell，“Ray McIntire, 77, Dow Engineer And the Inventor Of Styrofoam”, in The New York Times:


rodomontade

/ˌɹɑ.dəˌmɑnˈtɑd/


resentment

“I Love Lisa” opens with one of my favorite underappreciated running jokes from The Simpsons: the passive-aggressive, quietly contentious relationship of radio jocks Bill and Marty, whose mindless happy talk regularly gives way to charged exchanges that betray the simmering resentment and disappointment perpetually lingering just under the surface of their relationship.

2102年August5日，Nathan Rabin，“TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, in AV Club:

It is a greater wonder that so many of them die, with so little resentment of their danger.

The Council taking notice of the many good services performed by Mr. John Milton […] have thought fit to declare their resentment and good acceptance of the same.


rhetoric

繼承自中古英語 rethorik、rhetoric，來自古法語 rhetorique，來自拉丁語 rhētorica，來自古希臘語 ῥητορική (rhētorikḗ)，ῥητορικὴ τέχνη (rhētorikḕ tékhnē)的省略，來自ῥητορικός (rhētorikós，“關於公共演說”)，來自ῥήτωρ (rhḗtōr，“公共演說家”)。

Transport Minister Marples, meanwhile, used arrogant rhetoric and showed his personal contempt for railways when confirming in Parliament that a third of the network was to be closed even before the survey results were known.

2023年March8日，Howard Johnston，“Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL，期 978，頁 53:

It’s only so much rhetoric.


rummy

未知，來源有許多種假說。可能與 rum 有關，經由撲克牌俚語傳入，或最終源自德語 Ruhm。


rummy

No one has forgotten Frank Dodd, the crossing guard who went crazy here twelve years ago and killed those women, and they haven't forgotten the dog, either, the one that came down with rabies and killed Joe Camber and the old rummy down the road from him.


primrose

/ˈpɹɪm.ɹəʊz/


recording

The one-party consent law permits the recording of telephone calls with the consent of at least one of the parties.

單方同意法允許在至少一方的同意之下將電話內容錄音。

I made a recording of the TV show so that I could watch it later.

我把電視節目錄製了下來，這樣我可以以後再看。


pomegranate

石榴（意思1）
石榴樹（意思2）
名詞衍生自中古英語 pome-garnet、pome-garnete、pome garnate、pome granat、pome-granate (“石榴果；石榴樹；石榴種子(?)”) [以及其他形式]，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 pome gernate、pomme gernette、中古法語 pomme granade、pomme granate、pomme grenade、和古法語 pome grenade、pome grenate、pomme grenate [以及其他形式] (現代法語 grenade)，可能來自意大利語 pomogranato、pomo granato (雖然是後來才被證實)，和其他可能的說法：
* 來自意大利語 pomo (“果實、梨果；蘋果”) + 拉丁語 (mālum) grānātum、(mālo)grānātum (“石榴”)；或
* 直接來自中世紀拉丁語 pōmum garnātum、pōmum grānātum (“石榴”)，來自拉丁語 pōmum (“果實；果樹”) + grānātum (“石榴”)。Pōmum的源頭可能衍生自原始印歐語 *h₂po-h₁ém-os (“脫下”) (摘除植物的意思上)，來自*h₂epó (“離開；關閉”) + *h₁em- (“分發；拿”)；然而grānātum是衍生自grānātus (“有一些穀物或種子”)，來自grānum (“穀物、種子、小果仁”) (可能源頭來自原始印歐語 *ǵerh₂- (“成熟，老成”) + *-nós (動詞性形容詞後綴)) + -ātus (表示從名詞擁有某種質量或事物的形容詞後綴)。
形容詞衍生自名詞。

/ˈpɒmɪ(ˌ)ɡɹænɪt/

/ˈpɑmɪˌɡɹænɪt/

/ˈpɑməˌɡɹænət/

/ˈpɑmˌɡɹænət/

Here the blue fig with luſcious juice o'erflows, / With deeper red the full pomegranate glows, / The branch here bends beneath the weighty pear, / And verdant olives flouriſh round the year.

1725，Homer, [Alexander Pope], transl.，“Book VII”, in The Odyssey of Homer. […]，卷 II, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC，頁 106，行s 148–151:

The seeds of the pomegranate, for example, were widely used to prevent conception in the ancient world and they are still used in India, East Africa, and the Pacific.

2001, Vern L. Bullough (editor), Herbal Contraceptives and Abortifacients, Encyclopedia of Birth Control, page 125

Persephone is taken to the underworld by Hades to be his queen. She willingly eats a seed of pomegranate and is forced to spend every winter with her husband in the land of the dead, symbolizing the yearly decay and revival of vegetation. […] In Judaism, the number of seeds in a pomegranate is said to be the exact number of mitzvah, or spiritual duties required of a devout Jew.

2005, Payam Nabarz, The Mysteries of Mithras: The Pagan Belief That Shaped the Christian World, page 79,

The pomegranate is a subtropical fruit about the size of a large apple.

2006, Wayne Gisslen, Professional Cooking, College Version, page 683,

The grilled leeks are then drizzled with a gorgeous, ruby-red pomegranate vinaigrette.

2011, David Joachim, Fire It Up: 40 Recipes for Grilling Everything, page 310,

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) originates from Persia, and is cultivated in western and central Asia and in the Mediterranean region; it is also grown commercially in California. […] The predominant parasitic nematodes affecting pomegranate are the root knot nematodes, M.^([Meloidogyne]) incognita, M. acrita and M. javanica (McSorley, 1981).

2005, Fahiem E. El-Borai, Larry W. Duncan, 12: Nematode Parasites of Subtropical and Tropical Fruit Tree Crops, M. Luc, Richard A. Sikora, J. Bridge (editors), Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture, 2nd Edition, page 481,

The pomegranate is the tree of knowledge in some myths. In others, it is linked with the underworld, […].

In this experiment, the average Zn concentration of leaf in four pomegranate cultivars was between 12.0 and 19.8mg/kg in the control (Fig. 2a).

2008, M. N. V. Prasad, Trace Elements as Contaminants and Nutrients, page 225,

石榴色：像石榴果皮的顏色

pomegranate：

具有英國血統的人，尤指（最近）移民到澳大利亞的人


prior

修道院副院长，小修道院院长


backout

來自動詞短語back out。

火箭發射前因出現故障而進行的反向倒計時


prisoner

繼承自中古英語 prisoner，來自古法語 prisonier (對照中世紀拉丁語 prisōnārius)，等同於prison + -er。

任何違反其意願而被囚禁的人

Captain Edward Carlisle, soldier as he was, martinet as he was, felt a curious sensation of helplessness seize upon him as he met her steady gaze, her alluring smile ; he could not tell what this prisoner might do.

1910，Emerson Hough，章號 I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise，Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

被某種情況或某種環境限制或困住或感到被限制或困住的人

I am no longer a prisoner to fear, for I am a child of God.


backscratcher

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-backscratcher.wav


rectal

Most doctors feel a rectal examination is unnecessary following a full pelvic examination, so that rectals are not routinely performed on women.

1988, Judith Campbell, J. Golick, Sexuality: An Education Resource Book (page 53)


pawn

馬前卒; 被他人利用於自己目的的人


rooftop

there may be snow on the rooftop but there is fire in the furnace

Why do you think the rooftop of their apartment building is called "tar beach"? (Answers may vary.)

1993，Liz Rothlein，Multicultural Books for Primary Grades:

Riding the District west of Hammersmith, you immediately know something exciting is coming up, because at Ravenscourt Park you are level with the rooftops.

2012，Andrew Martin，Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube，Profile Books, ISBN 978-1846684777，頁s 79–80:

The house itself was a mound of red baked bricks and a tin rooftop.

2012，Ernest Alanki，The Chocolate Shop Perverts:


ponytail

The physician should evaluate for a history of tight ponytails, buns, chignons, braids, twists, weaves, cornrows, dreadlocks, sisterlocks, and hair wefts in addition to the usage of religious hair coverings.

醫生應評估患者是否有綁緊馬尾、髮髻、髮髻、辮子、扭紋、編織、玉米辮、髒辮、姊妹鎖和髮束的歷史，以及是否使用過宗教頭飾。

2021，Becky S. Li, Howard I. Maibach，Ethnic Skin and Hair and Other Cultural Considerations，頁 154:


poodle

來自德語 Pudel，Pudelhund的短形式，為Hund (“狗”)和德國低地德語 Pudel的組詞，Pūdel (“水坑”)，來自擬聲詞pudeln (“潑濺聲”)。


pope

源自中古英語 pope，popa，源自古英語 pāpa，源自通俗拉丁語 papa (牧師和主教的頭銜，到 8 世紀只有羅馬主教)，源自早期中古希臘語 παπᾶς (papâs，牧師和主教的頭銜，尤其是公元 3 世紀的亞歷山大主教)，源自後期 古希臘語 πάπας (pápas，牧師和主教的稱號，意為精神之父)，源自πάππας (páppas，“爸爸”)。

cleric

羅馬天主教羅馬主教的榮譽稱號，他是教會的神父和領袖，也是梵蒂岡城國的君主。

do not sit in Rome and strive with the Pope

在英語用法中，這個術語最初通常是指羅馬主教，儘管這個埃及頭銜實際上更為古老。在科普特教會內，亞歷山大牧首通常被稱為教皇~;在東正教內部，其獨特的亞歷山大牧首正式被稱為“亞歷山大教皇”，但通常僅在禮拜儀式和官方文件中才這樣稱呼。

羅馬天主教羅馬主教的榮譽稱號，他是教會的神父和領袖，也是梵蒂岡城國的君主。 任何類似“絕對正確”的權威。

Þa wæs in þa tid Uitalius papa þæs apostolican seðles aldorbiscop.

ante''' 950, translating Bede's Ecclesiastical History (Tanner), iv. i. 252

The Pope is not going to issue a bull condemning the Spanish Church's support of France and destroy the Church's right to exist in Spain.

1959 August 19, Flannery O'Connor, letter in Habit of Being (1980), 347

I really did want to interview the pope. Any pope. I'm not particular.

2007 May 5, Ted Koppel (guest), Wait, Wait... Don’t tell me!, National Public Radio

We often say, that every man has a pope in his belly.

我們常說，每個人的肚子裡都住著一位教宗。

1689，G. Bulkeley，“People's Right to Election”, in Andros Tracts，出版於 1869, II. 106:

Burne-Jones... accepted him [Dante Gabriel Rossetti] as the infallible Pope of Art.

Both [discoveries] were rejected offhand by the popes of the field.

Above all, the SED reformers cite the progress inherent in the emancipation of Westem Communist parties from the "red popes in the Kremlin."

最重要的是，德國統一社會黨的改革者指出，西方共產黨從克里姆林宮的"紅色教皇"手中解放出來，取得了內在的進步。

1978，Atlas World Press Review，卷 25，頁 19:

羅馬天主教羅馬主教的榮譽稱號，他是教會的神父和領袖，也是梵蒂岡城國的君主。 任何類似的宗教領袖。

In þat yle dwelleth the Pope of hire lawe, þat þei clepen lobassy.

大約1400, John Mandeville, Travels (Titus C.xvi, 1919), 205

Mufti, the Mahometan pope or chief of the religion.

穆夫提，伊斯蘭教的教宗或宗教領袖。

1787，Vincent Mignot，譯者 A. Hawkins, The history of the Turkish, or Ottoman Empire, section IV:

Although Islam has no formal hierarchy of clergy, Tantawy [Egypt's grand imam] often is called the Muslim pope.

羅馬天主教羅馬主教的榮譽稱號，他是教會的神父和領袖，也是梵蒂岡城國的君主。

神權統治者，祭司國王，包括（起初特別）祭司約翰的虛構土地或（現在）在比喻和頭韻用法中。

Eche day there etyn in his court xii erchebeshopis and xx bishopis, and the patriak of Seynt Thomays is as here pope.

ante''' 1500, John Mandeville, Travels (Rawl., 1953), 103

Ramone, known as ‘the Pope of Pop’ is one of the top record producer-engineers in the world.

羅馬天主教羅馬主教的榮譽稱號，他是教會的神父和領袖，也是梵蒂岡城國的君主。 英國傳統上在蓋伊福克斯日及其他時間焚燒教皇的肖像。

This is the only piece in which the author has given a hint of his religion, by ridiculing the ceremony of burning the pope, and by mentioning with some indignation the inscription […]

這是作者唯一暗示其宗教信仰的作品，他嘲笑焚燒教皇的儀式，並憤慨地提到了銘文[…]

1830，Alexander Pope，The Poetical Works of Alexander Pope，頁 xxi:

As York's succession was challenged by burning the pope, the Duke of Monmouth was again heralded in the city as a Protestant alternative.

由於約克的繼承權因焚燒教皇而受到挑戰，蒙茅斯公爵再次在該城被譽為新教徒的替代者。

2005，Gary S. De Krey，London and the Restoration, 1659–1683, →ISBN，頁 182:

羅馬天主教羅馬主教的榮譽稱號，他是教會的神父和領袖，也是梵蒂岡城國的君主。 教宗日，即現在的蓋伊福克斯日。

亞歷山大科普特主教作為其教會之父和領袖的榮譽稱號。

亞歷山大東正教主教作為其獨立教會的神父和領袖的榮譽稱號。

早期基督教會的任何主教。

All notable Bishops were then called popes.

All Bishops in that time had the Stile of Pope given them, as now we call every one of them, My Lord.

當時所有的主教都被授予教宗的稱號，現在我們稱呼他們每一位「大人」。

1703，U. Chevreau，Hist. World, III. v. 379:

梅花鱸，一種小型歐亞淡水魚（Gymnocephalus cernua）；同屬的其他物種。

Byfleet-river, wherein are very large pikes, jack, and tench ; perch, of eighteen inches long ; good carp, large flounders, bream, roach, dace, gudgeons, popes, large chub, and eels.

弗利特河畔，有非常大的梭子魚、傑克魚和丁鯛；鱸魚，長十八吋；優質鯉魚、大比目魚、鯿魚、擬鯉、雅羅魚、鮈魚、梅花鱸、大鰱魚和鰻魚。

1792，William Augustus Osbaldiston，The British Sportsman, Or, Nobleman, Gentleman and Farmer's Dictionary of Recreation and Amusement，頁 176:

It resembles the perch (unfortunately for itself) in having a very long and prickly fin on its back, advantage of which is taken by the boys about Windsor, who are very fond of 'plugging a pope.' This operation consists in fixing a bung in the sharp spines on the poor pope's back fin, and then throwing him into the water.

它與鱸魚很相似（對它自己是不幸的），背上有一個很長且多刺的鰭，溫莎周圍的男孩們就利用了這一點，他們非常喜歡“堵住梅花鱸”。這行動包括將塞子塞進可憐的梅花鱸背鰭上的尖刺中，然後將他扔進水中。

1862，Francis T. Buckland，Curiosities of Natural History，頁 230:

Popes are caught whilst gudgeon-fishing with the red worm, but they are sometimes a great nuisance to the perch-fisher, as they take the minnow.

在用紅蟲釣魚時可以捕獲梅花鱸，但它們有時會給鱸魚捕撈者帶來很大的麻煩，因為它們會吃掉小魚。

1865年January14日，Astley H. Baldwin，“Small Fry”, in Once a Week，頁 105:

Alca genus; 6 species, including the razorbill, the penguin, the pope, and others.

Alca 屬；6 個物種，包括刀嘴海雀、企鵝、大西洋海鸚和其他物種。

1759，“Linnæus's Systema Naturæ”, in The Gentleman's Magazine，頁 456:

The Pope: This is a very singular bird; it is about the size of our widgeon, or somewhat larger, but is not quite so large as the duck: the head is large and rounded; the eyes are small, and stand forward on the head, and lower down than in the generality of birds [...]

1773，John Hill，“Alca”, in A General Natural History，卷 3，頁 442:

"About a hundred yards further North" says Troutbeck, "is a 'subterraneous' cavern called the Pope's Hole, about fifty fathoms under the ground, into which the sea flows, so called from a sort of bird which roosts in it by night, about ninety feet high above the level of the water."!! [...] It derives its name from its being a place of shelter to some puffins, vulgo "popes".

1822，George Woodley，A view of the present state of the Scilly Islands，頁s 264–5:

The Norsemen catch great numbers of these popes, parrots, or lunder, as they are variously named, and train dogs to go into the holes where the puffin has its nest, lying in it with feet in the air.

1864，Charles Issac Elton，Norway: The Road and the Fell，頁 94:

I was informed by a fisherman that there were now hundreds of gannets in the channel off Plymouth, and that he had also met with some puffins (which he called "popes")

1874，J. Van Voorst，Zoologist: A Monthly Journal of Natural History，頁 3904:

The Pope is of a bright blue round the head; on the throat it is of a fine red, and on the back of a gold green colour, it sings very finely and is the size of a canary bird.

1771，M. Bossu，Travels Through that Part of North America Formerly Called Louisiana，卷 1，頁 371:

The birds [of Louisiana] are the partridge, cardinal and pope, and a species of mocking bird, called the nightingale.

1806，Berquin-Duvallon，Travels in Louisiana and the Floridas, in the Year, 1802: Giving a Correct Picture of Those Countries，頁 122:

[...] some others, such as the crow, the heron, and the wild goose, which are found in Europe, I also observed ; but the most beautiful are the pope bird, whose head seems bound with the most bright azure blue, and the cardinal, being entirely of dazzling scarlet [...]

1821，Édouard de Montulé，A Voyage to North America, and the West Indies in 1817，頁 54:

From the sketch of the bird which you have sent us, there is no doubt about its being the Pope Grosbeak, which is a species of the Cardinal, but not the crested one.

1864年August6日，The Journal of Horticulture, Cottage Gardener, and Country Gentleman，頁 100:

The Pope is a native of Brazil, and the female (it is altogether incongrouous to think of a lady pontiff) exactly resembles her mate.

1883，William Thomas Greene，The amateur's aviary of foreign birds: or, How to keep and breed foreign birds，頁 96:

SIR,—I should be glad to learn how to treat Pope birds (Crestless Cardinals) when nesting.

1895，A. A. Thom，“Dominican cardinals”, in The Avicultural Magazine，頁 128:

Besides the Bicheno's Finches in this Class, the judge disqualified, in other Classes, a pair of Magpie Mannikins and a pair of Popes. These entries were presumably all disqualified on the ground that they were not true pairs: they are all birds in which the outward differences between the sexes (if there be any outward difference at all) are of an extremely slight and uncertain nature.

The wisest plan is always to keep the Pope Cardinal in an aviary, and to have only one pair to each aviary.

1956，Foreign birds for cage and aviary，卷 4，頁 20:


pope

與 bishop (“熱紅酒和香料酒”)類似。

任何被認為與主教酒相似且更勝一籌的熱紅酒（傳統上包括託卡伊酒）。

When made with Burgundy or Bordeaux, the mixture was called Bishop; when with old Rhenish, its name was Cardinal; and when with Tokay, it was dignified with the title of Pope.

1855，C. W. Johnson，Farmer's & Planter's Encycl. Rural Affairs，出版於 1157, section 1:

‘Pope’, i.e. mulled burgundy, is Antichristian, from no mere Protestant point of view.

1920，G. Saintsbury，Notes on Cellar-bk., xi. 162:

Pope, a spiced drink made from tokay..., ginger, honey and roasted orange.

1965，O. A. Mendelsohn，Dict. Drink, section 264:

Many of these hot drinks have clerical names—Bishop being a type of mulled port, Cardinal using claret, and Pope Champagne.


pope

源自俄語 поп (pop)，源自古教會斯拉夫語 попъ (popŭ)，源自 中古希臘語 παπᾶς (papâs) 如上所述。

pop的另一種寫法，一名俄羅斯東正教牧師。

The other Ecclesiastical Orders are distinguish'd into Proto-popes, Popes, (or Priests) and Deacons.

1662，A. Olearius，譯者 J. Davies, Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors, section 139:

Every priest is called pope, which implies father.

1756，Compend. Authentic & Entertaining Voy., V. 202:

In the non-Roman rites diocesan priests are often referred to as popes.

1996 September 20, Daily Telegraph, 25/5


pope

The Whipperwill has so named itself by its nocturnal songs. It is also called the pope, by reason of its darting with great swiftness, from the clouds almost to the ground, and bawling out Pope!

1781，S. Peters，Gen. Hist. Connecticut, section 257:

Common Nighthawk... Pope (Conn[ecticut]. From the sound made by its wings while dropping through the air).

1956，Massachusetts Audubon Soc. Bull., 40 81:


peafowl

來自pea (“孔雀”) + fowl。對照冰島語 páfugl (“孔雀”)、瑞典語 påfågel (“孔雀”)、丹麥語 påfugl (“孔雀”)。


parakeet

來自中古法語 perroquet，可能是人名Pierre的指小詞；一些異體形或許經由意大利語 parrocchetto、西班牙語 periquito。

paroquet (alternative)
parrakeet (alternative)
parroket (alternative)
parroquet (alternative)
perokito (alternative)
parakeets (plural)

作為寵物養的在大英國協會員中則稱為“budgie”或“budgerigar”。

we had loved them for our pastimes, as we do apes, monkies, or perokitoes, and not as man.

1603，Michel de Montaigne，章號 8, in John Florio（譯者）, The Essayes […]，book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

According to one legend, the parakeets escaped from the set of The African Queen, John Huston's 1951 film made at Shepperton studios.

2009, Patrick Barkham, The Guardian, 12 Oct 2009:


pharmacognosy

來自古希臘語 φάρμᾰκον (phármăkon，“醫學”) + 古希臘語 γνῶσις (gnôsis，“知識”)。


bibliomania

To collect books indiscriminately tends to develop the dread bibliomania.

1922，P. B. M. Allan，The Book-Hunter at Home，第2nd版, London: Philip Allan & Co.，頁 58:


restaurant

借自法語 restaurant，為restaurer的現在分詞，對應拉丁語 restaurans, restaurantis，restauro (“恢復”)的現在分詞，源自第一家餐廳提供的“使精力恢復”湯的名稱。

That Italian restaurant serves some of the best food I've ever had in my life.

那家意大利餐廳做的菜是我這輩子吃到過最好的。

By one o'clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country.

1935，George Goodchild，章號 5, in Death on the Centre Court:


readme

（软件的）讀我檔案，说明

Remember, there may be many readmes in many different locations within the patch itself. Search and read all readmes before proceeding.
請記住，補丁本身的許多不同位置可能有許多讀我檔案。 在繼續之前搜索並閱讀所有讀我檔案。

2004, Barbara Matthews, John Stouffer, Karen Brownfield, Installing, Upgrading and Maintaining Oracle Applications III


phasmophobia

恐鬼症；幽靈恐怖；對鬼魂的恐懼

He also suffered from hypsophobia, a certain fear of elevated places, and the typical scotophobia and phasmophobia associated with churches, graveyards and solitary places in the dark of night.
#*:: 他還患有恐高症，即對高處的某種恐懼，以及與黑夜中的教堂、墓地和獨處場所有關的典型的惧黑症和恐鬼症。

2008, E a Bucchianeri, Faust: My Soul Be Damned for the World (卷2, 頁55)


rotor

源自 rotator 的不規則縮略。rota和ruote 的同源對似詞。


pheasant

繼承自中古英語 fesaunt、fesant，來自古法語 fesan，來自拉丁語 phāsiānus，來自古希臘語 φᾱσιανός (phāsianós)，意思是 「Φᾶσις (Phâsis) 河的[鳥]」，據推測，鳥從那裡向西傳播。取代本土的古英語 wōrhana，mōrhana的變體。參見moorhen。

The ſpring diſplaying her elegant taſte, the proud walk of the gold-feathered pheaſant, the light tread of the ſmall-hoofed hind, and the dancing of the ſtar-trained peacock, infuſed joy into the ſoul of the ſpectator of the aſtoniſhing works of the Creator.

1769，Firishta，譯者 Alexander Dow, Tales translated from the Persian of Inatulla of Delhi，卷 I, Dublin: P. and W. Wilson et al.，頁 v:

Or sometimes, passing too near a sequestered copse, the shy tenants were startled, and the superb plumage of the pheasant dashed aside the branches, and the stately bird soared up on rattling wing.

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XI, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 80:

Tables were laid with cold pheasant, watercressy finger foods, sweets sufficient to give the Greater Raleigh Area sugar shock.

1989，Allan Gurganus，“Black, White, and Lilac”, in Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All，New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN, book two (Time Does That)，頁 231:

Célestin Lainé sat on the edge of the bed, a tray on his lap, eating pheasant and roast vegetables with a red wine reduction.

塞莱斯汀·莱内坐在床边，腿上放着一个托盘，吃着雉鸡肉和烤蔬菜，还喝了红酒。

2013，Stuart Neville，章號 30, in Ratlines，New York, N.Y.: Soho Crime, →ISBN，頁 158:

Bring a dish of berries with cream to me there. Bread, too. And a slice of pheasant.

给我拿一盘奶油浆果。还有面包。还有一片雉鸡肉。

2015，Shauna Roberts，章號 41, in Ice Magic, Fire Magic，Overland Park, Kan.: Hadley Rille Books, →ISBN，頁 266:


picosecond

源自pico- (“皮（可），公制前綴”) + second。


blasphemy

繼承自中古英語 blasfemye，來自古法語 blasfemie，來自教會拉丁語 blasphēmia，來自古希臘語 βλασφημία (blasphēmía，“褻瀆”)，來自βλασφημέω (blasphēméō，“誹謗”)。

That imam said that drawing the prophet Muhammad is a form of blasphemy.

那名伊瑪目稱，描繪穆罕穆德的樣子是一種褻瀆。

Had God cancelled His everlasting Covenant with Israel? The mere thought was blasphemy! But what did God's silence and the present dark cloud mean?

1920，John Rougier Cohu，The Bible and Modern Thought，頁 325:

Look, I don't think it ought to be blasphemy, just saying "Jehovah".

你看，他只是說了“耶和華”而已，我不覺得他是要褻瀆。

1979，Monty Python's Life of Brian，spoken by Matthias (John Young):

Shepard: What happened to those other Alliance officers? The ones who came before me?
Major Kyle: They wanted to take me away from here! They wanted me to abandon this place. Turn my back on my family. They spoke blasphemy!
Major Kyle: I did what I could to make their end quick and painless. I had no other choice. It was necessary to protect my children. Only I can keep them safe.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：Presrop:

The fundamentalists in that religion hold that such views are blasphemy and that religion is above criticism.

2009，Francis，Business Ethics，Tata McGraw-Hill Education, →ISBN，頁 139:

對不可侵犯事物的不敬行為

Some historical information is given on the Panormo family of guitar makers and a whole chapter is called, "Maccaferri's 'Monstrosity'," the name given Julian's Maccaferri guitar due to the blasphemy of its having more than six strings, […]

1999，American Lutherie: The Quarterly Journal of the Guild of American Luthiers:

The market has responded well to this type of packaging [wine in cardboard containers], even if some consider it near blasphemy, and it has had a role in bringing wine to the younger generation and to social classes intimidated by the high price of many bottled products.

2004，Touring Club of Italy，The Italian Wine Guide: The Definitive Guide to Touring, Sourcing and Tasting，Touring Editore, →ISBN，頁 149:

I know this is utter blasphemy and completely incomprehensible to developers and power users who love their keyboard shortcuts, but some people just love having buttons on their screens with the exact name of their function written on them.

2015，Benjamin V. Root，Interactive Applications Using Matplotlib，Packt Publishing Ltd, →ISBN，頁 89:


bason

To proceed therefore, put a looking-glass into a bason of water; I suppose you shall not see the image in a right line, or at equal angles, but aside.

1631，Francis [Bacon]，“(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […]，第3rd版, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

Not a moment could be lost: the very sheets were kindling. I rushed to his bason and ewer; fortunately, one was wide and the other deep, and both were filled with water.

1847, Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, 1st edition, chapter XV, page 297

[...] on July 16, 1790, a public meeting [...] unanimously approved of a scheme for making the River Soar navigable from Leicester to Loughborough, and "a cut or rail-way from Swannington and the neighbourhood to the bason at Loughborough."

1939 July，Charles E. Lee，“Swannington: One-Time Railway Centre”, in Railway Magazine，頁 3:


redneck

由 red + neck 組成。對照rooinek。原先指的是脖子發紅的農民，他們因為長時間在田裡勞作，脖子被曬傷而發紅。

尤指美國南部及中西部、東北部部分地區

Sample a look back you look and find / Nothing but rednecks for 400 years if you check

1989，“Fight the Power”, in Fear of a Black Planet，演出者 Public Enemy:

1921年西弗吉尼亞煤礦戰爭中戴上紅頭巾以示身份的礦工

巴爾的摩街頭幫派的成員，活躍於1859年


belle

源自法語 belle (“美麗的”)，源自拉丁語 bella。


bureaucracy

bureau + -cracy，來自法語 bureaucratie，由雅克·克勞德·瑪麗·文森特·德古納所創的新詞，來自bureau (“官方”) + -cratie (“規則”)。

bureaucratie (alternative)
bureau-ocracy (alternative)
burocracy (alternative)
bureaucracies (plural)

/bjʊəˈɹɒkɹəsi/

/bjʊˈɹɑːkɹəsi/

However, when Britain left the European Union, ferries started to ply a direct sea link from Ireland, to save hauliers from custom's bureaucracy of driving via Britain.

2021年December29日，Philip Haigh，“Rail's role in unifying Great Britain and Northern Ireland”, in RAIL，期 947，頁 25:

At that time the administration replaced the system of patronage in the civil service with a bureaucracy.

当时，政府用官僚制取代了公务员队伍中的赞助制。

The bureaucracy is expanding to meet the needs of the expanding bureaucracy. (apocryphal quip)

官僚机构正在扩大，以满足不断扩大的官僚体制的需要。

The head of the civil service promised to clamp down on bureaucracy.

公务员系统的负责人承诺要打击官僚主义。

"If we can capture anything from this awful situation, it is that ability to trust people to do certain things for themselves and to look out for each other, and to give them the tools to do their job as well as they can without having to go through endless bureaucracy to achieve it, which very often just delays and dilutes and doesn't add much value.

2020年May20日，Andrew Haines talks to Stefanie Foster，“Repurpose rail for the 2020s”, in Rail，頁 35:


barcarole

借自法語 barcarolle，源自威尼斯語 barcaroƚa (“船夫唱的歌”)，源自 barca (“樹皮、駁船、船”),最終源自埃及語 bꜣjr (“運輸船；一種魚”)。

/ˈbɑːkəɹəʊl/

/ˌbɑːkəˈɹəʊl/

/ˈbɑɹkəˌɹoʊl/

船歌（威尼斯船夫搖貢多拉所唱的歌曲）（自18世紀晚期起）

Venice! dear beautiful Venice! scene of harmony and love! where all was gayety and mirth, revelry and pleasure, with what warm feelings do I recall thee to my memory; day and night were the gondoliers singing barcarolles, or the verses of [Torquato] Tasso and [Ludovico] Ariosto to Venetian airs; […]

1826，Michael Kelly, [Theodore Edward Hook]，Reminiscences of Michael Kelly, of the King’s Theatre, and Theatre Royal Drury Lane, including a Period of Nearly Half a Century; with Original Anecdotes of Many Distinguished Persons, Political, Military, and Musical，New York, N.Y.: Printed by J. & J. Harper, 327 Pearl-Street, for E[vert Augustus] Duyckinck, Collins and Hannay, Collins & Co., W. B. Gilley, H. I. Megary, A. T. Goodrich, and G. & C. Carvill, →OCLC，頁 90:

In Venice! This night is so delicious—its air / Full of moonlight and passionate snatches of song, […] / —with a song full of dole, / A forlorn barcarole, / As my gondola glides.

1867 February，“Aureolus Paracelsus”，“In a Gondola. (Suggested by Mendelssohn’s Andante in G Minor, Book I., Lied 6, of the ‘Lieder ohne Worten.’)”, in The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science, and Art，卷 V, 期 2 (New Series), New York, N.Y.: Published at No. 5 Beekman Street, →OCLC, stanza I，頁 174:

船歌（模仿上述歌曲創作的音樂）（自18世紀晚期起）

A Barcarolle, with variations for the Pianoforte and flute, ad lib. by [Jean Théodore] Latour, opens with an introduction of great feeling and elegance. The Barcarolle is composed by [Jacques Féréol] Mazas, the great violinist, and has been played by him at the Philharmonic Concerts, and is original and graceful.

1822 May，“Report of Music”, in The London Magazine，卷 V, 期 XXIX, London: Printed for Taylor and Hessey, 93, Fleet-Street, →OCLC，頁 492:

But perhaps the best airs are those of Italy (particularly the Venetian) and Spain. […] The bolero, the barcarole, the canzonetta, and romance, have all the gaiety, softness, tenderness, and chivalry, which we associate with the troubadours, the gay squires, and sprightly dames, of the early ages of poetry and music.

1824，“A Collection of Admired Italian, French, German, Spanish, and English Songs, with a Progressive Accompaniment for the Spanish Guitar; by George Hervey Derwort. Nos. 1 to 13. London. Gow and Son.”, in The Quarterly Musical Magazine and Review，卷 VI, London: Sold by Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 47, Paternoster-Row, →OCLC，頁s 547–548:

Later in the evening Mr. [Anton] Rubinstein played his smaller pieces, such as the march from "The Ruins of Athens," his own "Barcarolle," and "Valse Caprice," and the enthusiasm and appreciation of his intelligent audience grew greater and greater.

1895 February，William Steinway，“William Steinway’s Reminiscences of Rubinstein”, in Music. A Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Art, Science, Technic and Literature of Music，卷 VII, Chicago, Ill.: Music Magazine Publishing Company, →OCLC，頁 395:


bells

ship's bells (“船鐘，船上的報時鐘”)之同義詞

And to him, long bell-bottoms were “arrogant.” So, whenever he was home before I left for school, he would make me stand on the top step of the six steps to the bedroom level of our house and he would inspect my bells.

对他来说，长喇叭裤是“傲慢”的表现。所以，每当我去上学之前他回家时，他都会让我站在通往卧室的六级台阶中的最高一级上，检查我的喇叭裤。

2020，Erica Heller，One Last Lunch: A Final Meal with Those Who Meant So Much to Us:


bareback

一種被作為肉類的鳥，沒有羽毛

Buyers discount many broiler flocks by from one to five cents a pound due to barebacks, but the loss to the industry does not end there. Barebacked broilers slow down the pickers in the dressing plants which results in a loss in labor.


bellyband

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bellyband.wav

一种绕在马或其他役畜腹部的皮带，用于固定马鞍或车轴；腹帶

穿戴在腹部周围的各种束带

一种仅覆盖书籍一部分的护封


rainworm

來自中古英語 *reinwurm、*reinworm，來自古英語 reġnwyrm，來自原始西日耳曼語 *regnawurmi。可分解為rain + worm，因這種蟲有下雨後從潮濕土壤跑出來的習性。與荷蘭語 regenworm、古高地德語 reganwurm（德語 Regenwurm）同源。


bathysphere

:出自古希腊语 βαθύς (bathús, "深"或"深海") + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, "球")。

/ˈbæθɪˌsfɪə(ɹ)/

用于调查深海的球形潜水装置，球形深度潜水装置，球形深潜器，球形深潜机。


reassuring

/ɹiːəˈʃɔːɹɪŋ/

Alfred trembled, and felt a great sinking inside, but he did what he could to conceal his misery, and to respond with some show of heart to the Major's kindly pettings and reassurings.

1900, Mark Twain, The Belated Russian Passport


buckra

借自埃菲克語 mbakara或伊比比奧語 mbakara；對照古拉語 buckra (“白人”)。

backra (alternative)
bakra (alternative)
buckras (plural)

As he was going to the stake, he turned about, and addressed himself to Mr. Jeffreys […] and said, “Buckra, you see me now, but to-morrow I shall be like that,” kicking up the dust with his foot.

1791, An Abstract of the Evidence Delivered before a Select Committee of the House of Commons in the Years 1790, and 1791, on the Part of the Petitioners for the Abolition of the Slave-Trade, London, p. 77,

To show the deadly hatred they bore the white people, Thicknesse, who was the first in the town, and the person left with them as a hostage, related, that having taken up his abode with Quao, his children could not refrain striking their pointed fingers at his breast as they would have done knives, had they been permitted, calling out, “Buckra, Buckra.”

1803, Robert Charles Dallas, The History of the Maroons, London: Longman and Rees, Volume 1, Letter 3, p. 73,

Oh the Buckra people who keep slaves think that black people are like cattle, without natural affection. But my heart tells me it is far otherwise.

1831, Mary Prince, The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave, Related by Herself, London: F. Westley and A.H. Davis, p. 9,

They kick me in the face, beat me with the baton, whip me in me balls, beat me with a cat o’ nine like them name buckra massa […]

2014, Marlon James, A Brief History of Seven Killings, London: Oneworld, “General Rockers: December 2, 1976,”

“Dunno whether he been a buckra or not,” responded, doggedly, my Cerberus in uniform; “but I’s bound to keep him here till de corporal ob de guard come.”

1865, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, “Leaves from an Officer’s Journal” in The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 15, No. 87, January, 1865, p. 69,

What I think of Abe Lincoln? I think he was a poor buckra white man, to de likes of me.

1941, Ed Barber, interview published in Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves, Washington: Library of Congress, Volume 14: South Carolina Narratives, Part 1,


rigmarole

/ˈɹɪɡməɹəʊl/

/ˈɹɪɡməɹoʊl/

（不必要的）冗长复杂的手续

（冗长的、无条理的）废话，胡扯


retinal

/ˈɹɛt.əˌnæl/

/ˈɹɛt.əˌnɔl/


budgerigar

可能音變自卡米拉瑞語 gijirrigaa；雖然也可能來自土著皮欽英語 budgeree，但無法解釋第一個音節的改變。

/ˈbʌd͡ʒəɹiˌɡɑɹ/

/ˈbʌd͡ʒəɹiˌɡɑː/

/ˈbɐd͡ʒəɹiˌɡɐː/


rendezvous

:出自法语 rendez-vous (「约会」, 「约见」或「约定」)，即 rendez (「走访」或「呈现」) + vous (「你们」或「您」)。

/ˈɹɒndɪˌvuː/

/ˈɹɒndeɪ̯ˌvuː/


renegade

來自西班牙語 renegado，來自中世紀拉丁語 renegātus，renegō (“我否認”)的完成過去式。參見renege。

/ˈɹɛnɪˌɡeɪd/

/ˈɹɛnəˌɡeɪd/


brigand

繼承自中古英語 brigaunt、bregaund（1400年左右），源自古法語 brigand (“步兵”)（最早的書面記錄見於1421年），源自意大利語 briga (“麻煩”)，源頭可能是原始日耳曼語或凱爾特語族。


rebozo

源自西班牙語 rebozo。


businessman

來自business + -man。取代早期的merchant，源頭來自拉丁語 mercāns (“商人，購買者”)。

I'm not a businessman, I'm a business, man

2005，“Diamonds From Sierra Leone (Remix)”, in Late Registration，演出者 Kanye West ft. Jay-Z:


blitzkrieg

非同化借詞，源自德語 Blitzkrieg (字面意思是“閃電似的戰爭”)。

I rode a tank, held a general's rank / When the Blitzkrieg raged and the bodies stank

1968，Keith Richards, Mick Jagger （作曲作詞）, “Sympathy for the Devil”, in Beggars Banquet，演出者 Rolling Stones:


bowman

繼承自中古英語 boweman、bouman、boughman，等同於bow + -man。

The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and bowmen.

各城的人，因馬兵和弓箭手的響聲，就都逃跑。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 4:29:


ripoff

rip-off的另一種拼寫法


pilgrimage

源自中古英語 pilgrimage。字面上等同於 pilgrim + -age。

/ˈpɪlɡɹɪmɪd͡ʒ/


rancor

:(13世纪早期) < 古法語 rancor < 拉丁語 rancor （“酸败，积怨”） < ranceō （“腐烂，发臭”）。该拉丁语还产生英語 rancid。


bull

bullshit (“廢話,狗屁”) 的截斷形式


reparation

/ˌɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃən/


recension

/ɹɪ̈ˈsɛnʃ(ə)n/

/ɹɪ̈ˈsɛnʃ(ə)n/

[ɹ̠ʷɪ̈ˈsɛ̃n(t̚)ʃə̃n]


ritornello

意大利語 ritornello，ritorno (“返回”，名詞) 的指小，源自 ritornare (“返回”，動詞)；比較法語 ritournelle。

ritornellos (plural)
ritornelli (plural)

回復段，回復曲；巴洛克音樂中為管弦樂隊或合唱團反復出現的合奏段落。


reception

/ɹɪˈsɛp.ʃn̩/


buttering

塗奶油的動作 將奶油抹在某物上

It is interesting that the sentences that Davidson uses in his arguments for events are all about genuine flesh and blood events: butterings of toast, explosions of boilers, raisings of arms, kickings of Shem and Sean and the like.

1986，R. Barcan Marcus, G. J. W. Dorn, P. Weingartner，Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science VII:

塗奶油的動作 滑雪者在特技飛行中做出塗抹奶油的動作 僅用滑雪板或單板的尖端（尾部或頭部）轉彎的動作


bumblebee

1520年代取自bumble + bee，取代中古英語 humbul-be。14世紀末，與中古英語 bombeln (“轟隆聲，嗡嗡聲”)合併。

一種偏黃色的色調，有時也稍偏橙色


brochure

/ˈbɹəʊ.ʃə(ɹ)/


raphania

野蘿蔔子中毒，攝取野生蘿蔔的種子導致的中毒。


pinafore

/ˈpɪ.nəˌfɔɹ/


pincushion

/ˈpɪnˌkʊʃn̩/


replication

/ɹɛplɪˈkeɪʃən/


brainpower

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-brainpower.wav


brainwash

brain + wash，仿譯自漢語 洗腦／洗脑 (xǐnǎo)。由美軍在朝鮮戰爭期間首次使用。


becquerel

借自法語 becquerel。以法國物理學家A. H. Becquerel（1857–1927）命名。


repoussage

/ɹəˈpuːsɑːʒ/


representation

繼承自中古英語 representacioun，來自古法語 representacion，來自拉丁語 repraesentātiō。字面上等同於 represent + -ation。


brothel

:"brothel-house" 的缩写，最终源自古英语 brēoþan（“恶化”、“退化”）。


pioneer

/ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/


brothers

/ˈbɹʌðə(ɹ)z/


biohazard

The OSHA procedures for this type of environment required all investigative and emergency response personnel to wear PPE when they accessed those areas of the accident site containing biological hazards and undergo decontamination procedures after departing the biohazard area.

針對此類環境的OSHA程序要求所有調查和應急響應人員在進入事故現場含有生物危害的區域時穿戴PPE，並在離開生物危害區域後進行淨化程序。

1999年March24日，National Transportation Safety Board，“1.19 New Investigative Techniques”, in Aircraft Accident Report: Uncontrolled Descent and Collision with Terrain, USAir Flight 427, Boeing 737-300, N513AU, Near Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, September 8, 1994，存檔自the original on 2022-06-04，頁 237:

South Western Railway's Basingstoke station has donated surplus biohazard waste bags to the nearby St Michael's Hospice.

西南鐵路的貝辛斯托克站已將多餘的生物危害廢物袋捐贈給附近的聖米迦勒臨終關懷醫院。

2020年August12日，“News in Brief: Donation to hospice”, in Rail，頁 31:


beestings

繼承自古英語 bȳsting，派生自 bēost，源自原始西日耳曼語 *beust。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-beestings.wav

beest

動物（尤指牝牛）產後的初乳

colostrum

動物（尤指牝牛）產後的初乳

動物（尤指牝牛）產後的初乳

He took a jug of ‘beestings’ milk from the press, the milk of a cow that has recently calved, and drank it down in six big gulps.

他从榨汁机里拿出一罐“初乳”（刚产犊的母牛的奶），然后六大口喝完了。

2002，Joseph O'Connor，Star of the Sea，Vintage, 出版於 2003，頁 54:


bionomics

生態學，研究有機體及其和環境之間關係的學科


biophysics

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-biophysics.wav

有關本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:biophysics。


portia

泰米爾語 பூவரசு (pūvaracu，字面意思是“花王”)的音變，源自பூ (pū，“花”) + அரசு (aracu，“菩提樹”)。


biro

源自 BIC 公司生產的 BIRO 品牌鋼筆，該品牌以鋼筆的發明者比羅·拉斯洛（Bíró László József）命名。

Frank's Biro taps delicately at the topmost of the little yellow notes.

1993, Iain Banks, Complicity, 2008, unnumbered page,

Massimo's finger was poised above red on his multi-coloured biro like a kangaroo frozen in headlights.

2007, Karen Foxlee, The Anatomy of Wings, page 250,

‘My very creative 2-year-old son used my good friend′s white polyester Roman blinds as a canvas,’ says Jacqui. They′re now covered in blue biro. And although my friend isn′t too bothered by the biro, I am! Can you help?′

2011, Shannon Lush, Jennifer Fleming, Completely Spotless, unnumbered page,


precis

precis (plural)
preces (plural)
precises (plural)

précis的另一種拼寫法


phenomenon

phaenomenon (alternative)
phænomenon (alternative)
phainomenon (alternative)
phœnomenon (alternative)
phenomena (plural)
phenomenons (plural)
phenomenon (plural)

不尋常的事物或事件，罕事


phenotype

源自 pheno- + -type。源自古希臘語 φαίνω (phaínō，“展示，出現”) 及 古希臘語 τύπος (túpos，“類型”)。


pentagram

來自古希臘語 πεντάγραμμον (pentágrammon)，形容詞πεντάγραμμος (pentágrammos)和πεντέγραμμος (pentégrammos，“五條邊的，五條線的”)的名詞形式。等同於penta- + gram。

pentagramme (alternative)
pentagrams (plural)

Prove that the circles so belonging to the 6 pentagrams formed by 6 lines meet in a point, and so on; the series of theorems being interminable.

1871, W. J. C. Miller (editor), Mathematical Questions and Solutions, Volume XV, page 47,

The passive pentagrams of spirit are drawn first in the quarters of the passive elements—water and earth—and likewise followed by the appropriate traditional elemental pentagram.

2007，Christopher Penczak，The Temple of High Witchcraft: Ceremonies, Spheres, and the Witches' Qabalah，頁 345:

Four figures involve 12 pentagrams arranged as in the faces of a dodecahedron with their vertices touching.


bookshop

book shop (alternative)
bookshops (plural)


bookstore

book store (alternative)
bookstores (plural)


pleasantry

Charlie Mulgrew could easily have been shown two yellow cards by a stricter referee and amid all the usual Anglo-Scottish pleasantries, the two sets of fans put an awful lot of effort into trying to drown out one another’s national anthems.


blacks

一种用于铜版印刷的油墨，由烧焦的葡萄壳和榨汁的残渣制成

Friends weeping, and blacks, and obsequies, and the like show death terrible.

朋友的哭泣、身着丧服、葬礼等都表明死亡是可怕的。

1625，Francis [Bacon]，“Of Death”, in The Essayes […]，第3rd版, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

that was the full time they vsed to were blackes for the death of their fathers

那是他们因父亲去世而被迫身着丧服的时候

1579，Thomas North，The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romanes:


planting

Take one of the plantings over as a house-warming gift.

將其中一株植物作為喬遷之禮。


phlebotomist

刺絡醫師；抽血者，抽血師


blackthorn

/ˈblækˌθɔːn/

/ˈblækˌθɔɹn/


phlegm

來自中古英語 flewme、fleume、fleme，來自古法語 fleume、中古法語 flemme（法語 flegme），其來源是拉丁語 phlegma，來自古希臘語 φλέγμα (phlégma，“火焰；燃燒；體內濕滑的體液”)，來自φλέγειν (phlégein，“燃燒”)。對照phlox、flagrant、flame、bleak (形容詞)、fulminate。拼法後來受拉丁語和希臘語的詞根而進行過調整。

Each person's unique mixture of these substances determines his temperament: a predominance of blood gives a sanguine temperament; a predominance of phlegm makes one phlegmatic; yellow bile, bilious (or choleric); and black bile, melancholic.

1993, William Dalrymple, City of Djinns, HarperCollins 1993:

"Even some members of the new bourgeoisie indulge in conspicuously boorish behavior, like hawking phlegm onto the pavement or picking their noses at business meetings."

2005, "Endangered Species?" Hannah Beech, Time, 14 Nov 2005:

從植物體中獲得的蒸餾物；水溶液 （自16世紀）

The attempts made to analyse vegetable substances previous to 1720, merely produced their resolution into the supposed elements of the chemists of those days, namely, salts, Earths, phlegm, and sulphur.

1812, Humphry Davy, The Elements of Chemical Philosophy, Introduction, Part I. Vol. I, pp. 50-51:

鎮定，冷靜 （自16世紀）

But Swedish Nazis also talked of the necessity of saving Sweden from Bolshevism, and with the menacing Berlin radio gnawing in their ears many Swedes lost their Scandinavian phlegm.

1942, "Warning to Sweden", Time, 5 Oct 1942:


pistachio

借自意大利語 pistacchio (1590年代)，源自拉丁語 pistācium (“阿月渾子”)，源自古希臘語 πιστάκιον (pistákion)，源自 πιστάκη (pistákē，“阿月渾子樹”)，源自伊朗語支。對照北庫爾德語 pisteq、波斯語 پسته (peste)、中古波斯語 pstk' (pistag，“開心果”)、古典亞美尼亞語 պիստակ (pistak，源自伊朗語族)、阿拉伯語 فُسْتُق (fustuq)、土耳其語 fıstık。

pistachios (plural)
pistachioes (plural)

pistachio green

一種淡黃綠色，類似於開心果

一種淡黃綠色，類似於開心果

pistachio：


pitching

wild pitching in baseball

All this testifies to that yearning for green fields and rural sports which a life amidst bricks, pavements and pitching-stones

鋪設在岸上的石頭飾面，以防止潮汐或水流的磨損


phobia

约1790年，来自一系列以-phobia结尾的词，来自古希臘語 φόβος (phóbos，“恐惧”)。对比ism，来自-ism，itis，来自-itis，以及ana，来自-ana。

phobias (plural)
phobiae (plural)
phobiæ (plural)

I know someone with a strange phobia of ladders.

我認識一個對梯子有奇怪恐懼症的人。

Some patients have the phobia of light, and others have the phobia of darkness. Another common aversion is that of high places. The phobiac of this type can not sit in the gallery […]

For as interviewer Than Win Htut expressed it, “misunderstandings about, and phobia of, gay life and homosexuality are very common in Burma.” Than Win Htut went on to observe that in Burma[…]

2009 06，Michael G. Peletz，Gender Pluralism: Southeast Asia Since Early Modern Times，Routledge, →ISBN，頁 162:

:Template:seeMoreCites


phobophobia

In particular, the rulemakers – here judges who craft free speech doctrine – may themselves display a pathological fear of succumbing to pathological fear, a kind of phobophobia.

2014, Adrian Vermeule, The Constitution of Risk


pitter-patter

Once or twice I heard a faint pitter-patter like the feet of the dog going hither and thither on the sand far below me, and there were more bird-like sounds, but that was all.

1898，H.G. Wells，The War of the Worlds，London: William Heinemann，頁 237:


platypus

源自新拉丁語 Platypus（命名時已用作長小蠹屬的屬名），源自古希臘語 πλατύπους (platúpous，“扁平足的”)，源自 πλατύς (platús，“扁平”) + πούς (poús，“腳”)。

platypuses (plural)
platypus (plural)
platypi (plural)
platypodes (plural)

Victoria's Healesville Sanctuary is celebrating the births of two baby platypuses, in a major milestone.

维多利亚州希尔斯维尔自然保护区正在庆祝两只鸭嘴兽宝宝的出生，这是一个重要的里程碑。

2008年March2日，“Captive platypus twins make history”, in ABC News:


player

源自中古英語 pleyer、playere，源自古英語 pleġere (“遊戲者，玩家，運動員，摔角手”)，等於 play + -er。

play的施動者名詞 運動員，競賽者，選手

play的施動者名詞 演員

play的施動者名詞 演奏者

play的施動者名詞 玩家

The player is free to create their own narrative within a much larger set of possible designed narrative options, or, given the geographic and dialogical openness of Morrowind, to refuse the creation of any narrative but their own and wander aimlessly through the game.

玩家可以在更大范围的设计叙事选项中自由创作属于自己的叙事，或者，考虑到《Morrowind》的地理和对话开放性，玩家可以拒绝创作任何叙事，而只是自己漫无目的地在游戏中漫游。

2015，Angus Slater，“Prophecy, Pre-destination, and Free-form Gameplay: The Nerevarine Prophecy in Bethesda’s ‘Morrowind’”, in Online: Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet，卷 7, →DOI，頁 175:

play的施動者名詞 赌徒

play的施動者名詞 自動鋼琴，或其他能自動演奏的樂器

But up to this time the application of the player mechanism had been confined to reed instruments, the piano manufacturers having successfully resisted the introduction of the player mechanism into the piano; but, in the meantime, the manufacturers of players had grown strong and the manufacturers were beginning to properly interpret the handwriting on the wall

1915，John McTammany，The Technical History of the Player:

A Technical Treatise on Piano Player Mechanism" contains detailed description of the various types of interior and exterior players, embracing manual, pneumatic, automatic, mechanical and electric

1909，William Braid White，Regulation and Repair of Piano and Player Mechanism, ...，頁 179:

Electric players used either a four-lobe rotary pump belt-driven by an electric motor or a self-contained electric motor and ...

1970，Arthur W. J. G. Ord-Hume，Player piano: the history of the mechanical piano and how to repair it:

play的施動者名詞 播放音訊或視訊媒體的電器，例如电唱机

Is your CD player broken, or is this one disc damaged?

是你的CD机坏了，还是这张碟片坏了？

play的施動者名詞 播放器（用於播放音訊或視訊媒體的軟體應用程式）

沒有嚴肅目標的人；鬧著玩的人；無所事事的人

參與者，參加者 參與某種性愛形式的人

He thought he could become a player, at least at the state level.

他認為自己可以參與其中，至少在州級層面。

Decision realities research recognizes the occupational tribalism identified in occupational realities research, but goes further by paying attention to all the players – patients and lay caregivers included – who participate in negotiating care.

2011，Suzanne Shale，Moral Leadership in Medicine，頁 239:

Another Bush — George W.’s brother Jeb — is likely to be a big player in the Republican Party’s future.

2012年November7日，Matt Bai，“Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times:

As the biggest rail player, Network Rail was usually held accountable for failings, but had no authority to change anything to solve the problems. The DfT had been given that authority in 2004 - but consistently ducked accountability.

2021年March10日，Nigel Harris，“It's time to get on with it!”, in RAIL，期 926，頁 3:

In this space we explored lesbian sadomasochism, met other S/M women who were serious players, had access to safe equipment and, through watching other women, learned new techniques.

1991年April22日，Wickie Stamps，“A Lesbian Looks At The GMSMA's 10ᵗʰ Anniversary Celebration”, in Gay Community News，頁 11:

喜歡到處拈花惹草，而非建立長久性關係的人

Thunder only happens when it’s rainin’ / Players only love you when they’re playin’ / Say women, they will come and they will go / When the rain washes you clean, you’ll know

1977，Stevie Nicks （作曲作詞）, “Dreams”, in Rumours，演出者 Fleetwood Mac, Warner Bros.:


brillig

路易斯·卡羅詩作 Jabberwocky 中的一個臨時造詞，“矮胖子”將其解釋為“下午四點鐘 — 你開始煮晚飯的時間”。

'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves / Did gyre and gimble in the wabe


Bahasa Indonesia

Indonesian

印尼語，印度尼西亞語（在印度尼西亞的官方名稱）

印尼語，印度尼西亞語（在印度尼西亞的官方名稱）


Philadelphia

[fɪɫəˈdɜɫfi.ə]


absolute zero

絕對零度（首次記錄於19世紀早期。）

完全沒有重要性的人或事物


absolute temperature

/ˈtɜmp.ɹə.t͡ʃʊɹ/

/ˈtɜmp.ə.ɹə.t͡ʃʊɹ/


game drive

獵遊，駕車到野外觀賞野生動物和風景


adipokine

脂肪细胞因子，脂因子，脂肪激素


Sheffield

设菲尔德（英国英格兰北部城市）


sanguinary

/ˈsæŋɡwɪnəɹi/


stupid

/ˈʃt͡ʃjʉːpəd/

（口语）傻瓜、愚蠢、糊涂


shoot

（非正式，火箭等的）发射：

射猎会
例：A round of shots in a contest with firearms. - 射击比赛中的一轮射击。

（航海）划船中两次划桨之间的间隔

（感叹词）用于表示惊奇，并不强烈的愤怒或失望


storage space

仓库面积、堆栈面积、储藏室、存放时间、存储空间


filling space

充填空间、装填区、灌装空间


annular space

环形空隙或环形空间或环隙


before space

印刷前空走纸、打印前空走纸


berthing space

停泊区、住舱、船员舱、泊位


bidual space

双对偶空间、二次对偶空间


shipping space

船位、舱位、装货场所、订舱


admission space

进气容积、装填体积、进料空间、允许空间、可装填体积


messing space

船员集合室、船员集会室、船员餐室


spherical space

球面空间、对映空间、球形空间


acceleration space

(电子枪等内的)加速空间


spectral space

光譜空間。在光譜影像中，用以表示光譜特性的方法之一。

譜空間。一個拓撲空間，它與一個交換環的譜同構。


air space

At that point there was little if anything that could have been done to save the six miners—drilling ultimately determined that the tunnel where the men were presumed trapped had only a half-foot of air space left.

2005, Paul Foy, "Year after Utah mine collapse, many failures clear," FOXnew.com (retrieved 30 July 2010):


idle space

有害空间、无效空间、未用空间


BYOC

是"Bring Your Own Computer"的英文缩写，意为“带上你自己的电脑”。通常用于一些需要自己带上电脑参加比赛的电脑游戏赛事。比如Quakecon就是一个在北美举办的BYOC性质的局域网比赛。


lapsang souchong

正山小種，紅茶的一個品種。


avidity

【化】親合力, 親合力強度, 活動性


panentheism

借自德語 Panentheismus，1828年由卡尔·克里斯蒂安·弗里德里希·克劳泽所創造，借用古希臘語 πᾶν ἐν θεῷ (pân en theôi，“所有的神”)加上 + -ismus (“表示主義的後綴”)而成。

pan-en-theism (alternative)
Panentheism (alternative)
Pan-en-theism (alternative)

The third great age of humanity (das Reifalter) is that in which all its powers are fully and harmoniously developed... and in which panentheism is universally and cordially accepted as the only true and adequate doctrine either of science or of society.

1874，Robert Flint，The Philosophy of History in France and Germany，頁 484:

Pantheism or panentheism... is condemned by the Church, as well as by the teachings of Schopenhauer and of the modern Hartmann.

1895，Benito Pérez Galdós，Doña perfecta，頁 84:

This panentheistic doctrine contains all of deism and pandeism except their arbitrary negations. Thus ARCW, or absolute-relative panentheism, is the one doctrine that really states the whole of what all theists, if not all atheists as well, are implicitly talking about.

1964，Charles Hartshorne，Man's Vision of God and the Logic of Theism，頁 348:


conundra

We present below the major policy paradoxes or conundra indicated by such research and theorizing.

1992, Steve Chan and Cal Clark, Flexibility, Foresight, and Fortuna in Taiwan's Development, Routledge, ISBN 0415075963, page 11,

Indeed, in the Cartesian view, the inability to draw an appropriate connection between the mental and the physical results in both metaphysical and epistemological conundra: the mind-body problem, the problem of knowledge of the external world, and the problem of other minds.

2000，Willem A. DeVries, Timm Triplett，Knowledge, Mind, and the Given，Hackett Publishing, →ISBN，頁 xlv:

Rey is worried about conundra involving epiphenomenalism, zombies and such, and to avoid them he wants to reduce phenomenal consciousness to the computational.

2007，Ned Block，Consciousness, Function, and Representation，MIT Press, →ISBN，頁 218:

Aristocrats don't notice philosophical conundra.


Groundhog Day

来自电影偷天情缘的英文名。

指糟糕的事情循环发生的情况。


buses

虽然一般在复数形式中，短元音后的辅音字母要双写，英美式英语中 bus 的常用复数均为 buses。busses 的形式较为少见。


busing

（美）用公共汽车搭载学生到别区的学校上学，改善社会不平等或增进种族融合。


Anglophone

/ˈæŋɡləˌfəʊn/

/ˈæŋɡləˌfoʊn/

/ˈeɪŋɡləˌfoʊn/


years

It will be a shorter book and it will not start four million years ago.

1981, May 5 1718-PDT, Jim McGrath, Earliest Usenet use via Google Groups: fa.sf-lovers, said with a smile at an awards ceremony in the Pennsylvania state Capitol


years

It took years for the bus to come.

等了幾萬年才等到巴士到站。


does

源自名詞doe (“母鹿”)。


anchor

繼承自中古英語 anker，來自古英語 ancor、ancra，來自拉丁語 ancora，來自(或同源) 古希臘語 ἄγκυρα (ánkura)。現代形式是16世紀修改後的中世紀拉丁語拼寫anchora。

Men that I knew around Wapatomac didn't wear high, shiny plug hats, nor yeller spring overcoats, nor carry canes with ivory heads as big as a catboat's anchor, as you might say.

1913，Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln，章號 X, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients，New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC，頁 1:


porin

革蘭式陰性菌外層脂多醣膜的一種膜蛋白，能讓極性的小分子通過。


PSP

Program Segment Prefix (“程序段前缀”)之首字母縮略詞。

progressive supranuclear palsy (“進行性上眼神經核麻痺症”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：CBD、MSA

The seller reassured me that I’d have the chance to “QC” (quality-check) the “PSPs” (pre-shipment photos).

卖家向我保证，我有机会对“PSP”（装运前照片）进行“QC”（质量检查）。

2023年May4日，Amy X. Wang, Grant Cornett，“Inside the Delirious Rise of ‘Superfake’ Handbags”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


analgesic

音頻（美國加利福尼亞北部）


haptoglobin

haptoglobulin

触珠蛋白，结合珠蛋白，亲血球蛋白

触珠蛋白，结合珠蛋白，亲血球蛋白


atresia

借自拉丁語 atresia，源自古希臘語 ἀ- (a-，“不，無”) + τρῆσις (trêsis，“貫穿，貫通”)。

閉鎖（身體通道異常關閉或缺失）


Afghani

阿富汗尼（ISO 4217：AFN），阿富汗貨幣。


Algerian Dinar

阿爾及利亞第納爾，是阿爾及利亞的貨幣單位。


Kevin

熱力學溫標，符號為K，又稱絕對溫標、開爾文溫標，又譯開氏溫標、克氏溫標、凱氏溫標。


carbon footprint

碳足跡—是指每個人、每個家庭或每家公司日常釋放的温室氣體數量（以二氧化碳的影响為單位），用以衡量人類活動對環境的影响。


submachine gun

Bare-chested children and their parents gathered in doorways, on roofs and in windows as he passed, watched warily by Brazilian troops carrying submachine guns.

当他经过时，赤裸上身的孩子和他们的父母聚集在门口、屋顶和窗户上，手持冲锋枪的巴西士兵警惕地注视着他。

2007年March9日，Jim Rutenberg, Larry Rohter，“Bush’s South America Tour Incites Fight for Attention”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


cash flow statement

現金流量表，為會計實務上的財務報表之一，與資產負債表、損益表、權益變動表並列企業四大常用財務報表。現金流量表提供某一實體在某一期間內的現金流入及流出的資訊。


statement of changes in equity

權益變動表，為會計實務上的財務報表之一，與資產負債表、收益表、現金流量表並列企業四大常用財務報表。


porphyria

/pɔː(ɹ)ˈfɪɹɪə/

The term porphyria, derived from the Greek word porphyra, meaning purple, is apt because a hallmark of most of the porphyrias is the overexcretion of porphyrins in urine or feces.

2000，Herbert L. Bonkovsky，Richard W. Lambrecht，“44: Hemochromatosis, iron overload, and porphyria cutanea tarda”, in Hemochromatosis: Genetics, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment，頁 453:

However, the appearance of homozygous forms without consanguinity and coincidence of two types of porphyria in the same patient, dual porphyrias, is possible.

2003, M. Lecha, C. Herrero, D. Ozalla, Porphyrias, Andreas D. Katsambas, Torello M. Lotti (editors), European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments, page 419,

The usual presenting symptoms and signs of porphyrias are either skin photosensitivity or neurovisceral symptoms and signs.

2010，James C. Barton，Corwin Q. Edwards，Pradyumna D. Phatak，Robert S. Britton，Bruce R. Bacon，Handbook of Iron Overload Disorders，頁 160:


noob

newb (alternative)
nub (alternative)
noobs (plural)
nabb (alternative)
nub (alternative)

Noobs are annoying, they never know the forum rules.

新來的人真是煩得要死，永遠不懂得遵守論壇的規矩。


soot

繼承自中古英語 soot、soote、sote、sot，繼承自古英語 sōt，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *sōtą (“油煙”)，源自原始印歐語 *sed- (“坐”)。同源詞包括荷蘭語 zoet (“油煙”，過時)、德國低地德語 Soot (“油煙”)、丹麥語 sod (“油煙”)、瑞典語 sot (“油煙”)、冰島語 sót (“油煙”)。對照同一原始印歐語詞根在古愛爾蘭語 suide (“油煙”) 和波羅的-斯拉夫語族中的 ō-階構詞：立陶宛語 súodžiai (“油煙”)，及原始斯拉夫語 *saďa (“油煙”)（俄語 са́жа (sáža)、波蘭語、斯洛伐克語 sadza、保加利亞語 са́жда (sážda)）。


sorority

借自文藝復興拉丁語 sorōritās，來自拉丁語 soror。


Nahuatl

來自西班牙語 náhuatl，來自古典納瓦特爾語 nahuatl、nahuatlatolli (“清楚或可理解的語言”)。


hymen

來自法語 hymen，源自古希臘語 ὑμήν (humḗn，“皮，膜”)。


skunk

來自一個未被證實的新英格蘭南部阿爾岡昆語單詞，與阿貝納基語 segôgw, segonku (“噴霧（麝香）/ 尿尿的人”)同源，來自原始阿爾岡昆語 *šeka·kwa，來自*šek- (“尿尿”)。

壞的東西；臭名昭彰的事物

On the other hand, many critics contend that in terms of literary quality, many of the multiple-storyline books are true skunks.

1987, English Journal (volume 76, issues 5-8, page 52)

大勝而使對方慘敗、無法得分；零封

同類詞：shutout

以30分或更大的分數差距獲勝（double skunk是60分或更大的分數差距，triple skunk是90分或更大的分數差距）


skunk

skinhead + punk 組成的混成詞，受到動物（詞源1）的影響。

光頭黨和朋克的混合亞文化成員

In the early 1980s, certain ex-punks joined them, becoming 'skunks' – a hybrid subculture of skinheads and punks.

2006, Pam Nilan, Carles Feixa, Global Youth?: Hybrid Identities, Plural Worlds (page 192)

[…] mods, skins, suedes, smoothies, punks, skunks, rude boys, soul boys and headbangers […]

2011, Gerard DeGroot (quoting Brown), Seventies Unplugged


skunk

來自skunkweed (“氣味濃烈的大麻”)。

skunkweed 的截斷形式（大麻）。

大麻和印度大麻的一個雜交品種，其四氫大麻酚的含量可能超過一般大麻的含量。


Nile River

尼羅河，是一條流經非洲東部與北部的河流，一般被認為是世界上最長的河流，長6650公里。


Congo River

剛果河，是非洲中西部最大的河流，全長4700公里（以三比西河為源），列非洲第二位，僅次於尼羅河。


赞比西河

贊比西河，是非洲第四長的河流，也是從非洲大陸流入印度洋的最長河流，又名利巴河，當地方言意為「巨大的河流」。


Ussuri

烏蘇里江，是中國與俄羅斯的界河。


Songhua River

松花江，為黑龍江最大支流。


Pearl River

珠江，舊稱粵江，是中國境內第三長河流，按年流量為中國第二大河流。

美國密西西比州及路易斯安那州的一條河。


otaku

源自日語 おたく（“御宅族”）。

[əʊ̯ˈtʰɑːkʰuː]

[o̞ʊ̯ˈtʰɑkʰu]

御宅族（热衷于某种事物的人，特别是动画和漫画）


AIDS

GRID

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (“後天性免疫缺乏症候群、獲得性免疫缺陷綜合征”) 之首字母縮略詞，簡稱為愛滋病、艾滋病。

Patients with AIDS become highly susceptible to infection by intracellular microbes normally contained by T cells (Fig. 4.8).

2007, Clinical Pathology ISBN 0198569467, page 50:


DOB

date of birth (“出生日期”)之首字母縮略詞。

其他形式：D.O.B.、DoB、d.o.b.、dob


sire

源自中古英語 sire，源自古法語 sire，seignor 的主格單數；源自拉丁語 senior，源自 senex。seigneur、seignior、senhor、senior、señor、senyor、signore、 和 sir 的同源對似詞。與法語 monsieur 同源。

公畜，特别是马和狗。尤其指用于繁殖后代的种畜。


VP

verb phrase (“動詞片語”)之首字母縮略詞。