antennae

“antennae”通常指昆虫的触角，“antennas”通常指天线。


Jack

尽管此义是一个普通名词，但仍会被视为姓氏，首字母大写。

用来代替任何一名男子，特别是年纪轻或地位低的。


abbess

繼承自中古英語 abbesse，派生自古法語 abeesse（法語abbesse），派生自 晚期拉丁語 或教會拉丁語 abbatissa，拉丁語 abbas, abbatis 的陰性形式。

abbatess (alternative)
abbotess (alternative)
abbesses (plural)


heat transfer

[化学][氣象][電機工程][計算機]传热；熱（量）傳送；熱轉移；熱傳遞；热输送


heating surface

[...] combined heating surface is 6,151 sq. ft. (tubes, 530 sq. ft., flues, 3,275 sq. ft., firebox, with arches and thermic syphons, 415 sq. ft., and superheater 1,931 sq. ft.); [...].

1941 January，“Recent North American Locomotives”, in Railway Magazine，頁 27:


herpetology

:出自法语 herpétologie ("爬行类学")，出自古希腊语 ἑρπετόν (herpetón, "爬行类") + -logie (学科后缀)。

爬虫学，爬行类或两栖类学。


freeway

(US)﹝專指一種從頭到尾沒有紅綠燈等的﹞高速公路


driveway

driveway doesn't go all the way to the road

進入或循環通過一個確定的區域的道路；用於私人進出、維護、安全的道路

The design originally called for a 1-lane-wide driveway leading from the street to the parking area.

1988年April20日，Joseph Truni，“Asphalt Answers”, in Popular Mechanics，頁 127:

They drove in the driveway into the parking lot that was totally full.

2020年October28日，Franco La Monica，Catch 44，Meadville, Pennsylvania: Christian Faith Publishing, →ISBN，頁 37:


parkway

城市裏的一種大馬路、交通幹道，一般不准停車


hydrochloric acid

用作食品中添加的酸度调节剂

muriatic acid

用作食品中添加的酸度调节剂

spirit of salt

用作食品中添加的酸度调节剂

spirits of salts

用作食品中添加的酸度调节剂

swimming pool acid

用作食品中添加的酸度调节剂

If not sufficiently purified, a little hydrochloric or oxalic acid, or caustic potash may be put in the water, according as the stains are from grease or from ink.

如果不够纯净，可以根据污渍来自油脂还是墨水，在水中加入少量盐酸或草酸或苛性钾。

1880，William Blades，The Enemies of Books，頁 92:

In the case of nitric acid, however, the employment of the aræometer introduces far greater errors than when it is used for sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and in most other cases, as the concentrated nitric acids as a rule always contain nitrogen tetroxide in solution, the quantity being seldom less than 1 per cent., but more generally several per cent., which makes its strength when taken with the aræometer seem greater than it actually is.

1905，Georg Lunge, Alfred Isaac Cohn，Techno‐Chemical Analysis，John Wiley & Sons，頁s 57–58:


aardvark

:出自南非语 erdvark ("土地猪")。 aarde ("地") + vark ("猪", "豚")。

(动物学) 土豚(一种非洲食蟻獸)。


Aaron's rod

/ˈɜːɹ.ənz ɹɒd/

/ˈæɹ.ənz ɹɒd/

/ˈæɹ.ənz ɹɑd/

/ˈɜəɹ.ənz ɹɑd/

/ˈɜɹ.ənz ɹɑd/

亞倫杖裝飾(裝飾著嫩葉、渦卷或纏繞的蛇的裝飾板條)


cash on the barrelhead

在美國邊境，人們用木桶來作為桌子和寫字檯進行交易。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-cash on the barrelhead.ogg

"[W]e're selling, to the highest bidder, and for cash on the barrel head. . . . Cash in hand, no checks accepted."

1938年September1日，Charles B. Parmer，“Serial Story: Photo Finish—Twelve”, in Telegraph-Herald，Iowa, US, retrieved 2013-07-23，頁 11:

[I]n 1946 the U.S. exported $2,166 million worth of food. . . . Most of this ($1,354 million) was paid for, cash on the barrelhead. But $628 million was the U.S. contribution to UNRRA stocks, and $184 million went through Lend-Lease.

1947 March 31, Foreign Relations: Potent Weapon, Time:

In return for support of an Iraq invasion, Turkey wanted—and got—immediate aid, cash on the barrelhead, rather than mere assurances about future help.

2003年February25日，Paul Krugman，“Threats, Promises and Lies”, in New York Times, retrieved 2013-07-22:


get up

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/EN-AU ck1 get up.ogg


hydrometer

/haɪˈdɹɑːmɪtɚ/


hydrothermal process

热液酌；熱液作用；熱液過程


hyetograph

/haɪˈɛtəɡɹæf/

/haɪˈɛtəɡɹɑːf/


hygrometer

/haɪˈɡɹɒmɪtə(ɹ)/


rye

源自中古英語 rie, reighe ← 古英語 ryġe ← 原始西日耳曼語 *rugi ← 原始日耳曼語 *rugiz ← 原始印歐語 *rúgʰis。
日耳曼語族內同源詞包括荷蘭語, 西弗里斯蘭語 rogge, 低地德語 Rogg, 德語 Roggen, 古諾爾斯語 rugr (丹麥語 rug, 瑞典語 råg)；非日耳曼語族同源詞包括俄語 рожь (rožʹ), 拉脫維亞語 rudzi。


ABC

音頻（美式，加利福尼亚）


ice cap

The ocean beneath the arctic ice cap hosts many unique organisms adapted to the cold and shortage of light.

北極冰帽下的海洋裡，生活著許多適應寒冷黑暗環境的生物。

The ice cap of Kilimanjaro is shrinking, and some researchers believe it will disappear within the next one hundred years.

乞力馬扎羅山的冰帽正在萎縮，部分研究者相信，它會在一百年內完全消失。

發燒時放在額頭上的冰袋。[自19世纪]

After the use of ice caps for some days it is well to provide cool bathing for the head, at least three times daily.

1903, Canadian Journal of Medicine and Surgery (volume 14, page lii)


icositetrahedron

icositetrahedra (plural)
icositetrahedrons (plural)


ignimbrite

/ˈɪɡnɪmbɹʌɪt/


index of refraction

[通訊][電機工程]折射率；折射系数；折光率；折射指數


illumination

借自中古法語 illumination，源自晚期拉丁語 illuminatio，源自拉丁語 illumino。


infrared detector

[通訊工程]红外探测器，紅外線偵測器，紅外線檢測器，紅外線檢波儀，紅外線探測儀


infrared radiation

[通訊工程][测绘学][氣象]红外辐射；红外线辐射，介於波長0.75或0.80微米至1000微米間之電磁輻射。


International Union of Geological Sciences


interruption

/ˌɪntəˈɹʌpʃən/


intersect

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-intersect.wav


intertropical convergence zone

热带内收敛带；熱帶輻合帶；赤道輻合帶


iodide

/ˈɑɪ.ə.ˌdɑɪd/


ion exchange

[氣象]离子交换，指離子在溶液與不溶性固體（通常是樹脂）間進行交換的程序。


ion exchange chromatography

离子交换色谱[法]；離子交換層析法


ion exchanger

[環境]离子交换剂；離子交換器。


ionization potential

电离势；游離電位；电离电位；電離位能


isotherm

/ˈaɪ.səʊˌθɜː(ɹ)m/


isotopic dating

同位素測年；同位素紀年；同位素年龄测定


isotropy

down this road, as they watched, came a wagon, then a couple of riders, then a coach and another wagon, in daylight which slowly lost its stark isotropy and was flowed into by clouds and chimney smoke and even episodes of weather

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage 2007, page 478,


itacolumite

源自 Itacolomi (巴西米納斯吉拉斯州地名，為此岩石的標準產地) + -ite。

可彎砂岩（一種多孔的黃色砂岩，切成薄條時具有柔韌性）


lapse rate

[氣象]温度垂直梯度；气块温度递减率；直減率；遞減率


digoxin

1930年代，由 digitoxin 縮略而來，源自 Digitalis lanata + toxin。


cup

:< 古英语 cuppe < 晚期拉丁语 cuppa，可能源出拉丁语 cūpa（盆）的变格 < 原始印欧语 *keup-（洼）。在中古英语时期，与相同拉丁语源的盎格鲁-诺尔曼语词汇 cupe 合并。


triangle

/ˈtɹaɪəŋɡəl/

/ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/

/ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/


dinosaurus

dinosauri (plural)
dinosauruses (plural)


amensalism

共生形式，其中一個物種受到傷害而另一個物種不受影響。


living fossil

/ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈfɒsəl/

/ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈfɑːsəl/


lutetium

鑥/镥/鎦 (台湾译名) - 化學元素，原子序為71，化學符號為Lu。


magnetic field

David (1904) and Brunhes (1906) first observed magnetizations in lava flows that were roughly opposed to that of the present earth's magnetic field.

1983，Ronald T. Merrill, Michael W. McElhinny，The Earth's Magnetic Field: Its History, Origin, and Planetary Perspective，Academic Press，頁 135:

In contrast to the IQHE^([Integer Quantum Hall Effect]), the fractional quantum Hall effect occurs in much stronger magnetic fields, and in this case electrons cannot be considered as noninteracting ones.

1996, V. R. Khalilov, Electron Strong Magnetic Field, [1988, V. R. Khalilov, Elektroni v silnom magnetom poli, Energoatomizdat, Moscow], Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, page 123,

The magnetic field B bears the same relation to a hypothetical magnetic charge m as the electric field bears to the electric charge q, so the development of the previous chapter can be taken over completely. The stress tensor for a magnetic field Bᵢ is identical in form to that for the electric field. The energy density is obviously B²/8π and the magnetic field is a physical reality just like the electric field. Electric and magnetic fields superpose linearly[…]. This is perhaps a convenient place to remark that a magnetic field exerts no force whatever on an electric charge.

2007，Eugene N. Parker，Conversations on Electric and Magnetic Fields in the Cosmos，Princeton University Press，頁 25:

The turian homeworld, Palaven, has a metal-poor core, generating a weak magnetic field and allowing more solar radiation into the atmosphere.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect，Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：Turians: Biology Codex entry:

The scientific instruments of the day recorded rapid fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field, as powerful electrical currents flowed through the upper atmosphere.

2023年November15日，Prof. Jim Wild，“This train was delayed because of bad weather in space”, in RAIL，期 996，頁 30:


magnetometer

/ˌmæɡnɪˈtɒmɪtə/

/ˌmæɡnɪˈtɑmɪtɚ/


magnification

/ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/


manganese

/ˈmæŋɡəniːz/

锰(化學元素，原子序為25，化學符號為Mn)


marcasite

/ˈmɑːkəsʌɪt/


Markov chain

The probability density of the Bayseian posterior was estimated by Metropolis-coupled Markov chain Monte Carlo, with multiple incrementally heated chains.

2004年July27日，F. Keith Barker et al.，“Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation”, in PNAS，頁 11040，列 2:


Markov process

得名自俄羅斯數學家 Andrey Markov (Андре́й Андре́евич Ма́рков) (1856—1922)。

馬爾可夫過程，馬爾夫過程

It has been remarked in 1 that a Markov process with time reversal is again a Markov process.

2007，N. G. Van Kampen，Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry，第3rd版，頁 81:

The second part is written for probabilists and it studies the case where fast motions are certain Markov processes such as random evolutions and, in particular, diffusions.

2009，Yuri Kifer，“Large Deviations and Adiabatic Transitions for Dynamical Systems and Markov Processes in Fully Coupled Averaging”, in Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society，號 944，頁 vii:

In the theory of Markov processes most attention is given to homogeneous (in time) processes.

2013, M. G. Shur, Markov Process, entry in Michiel Hazewinkel (editor), Encyclopaedia of Mathematics, Volume 6, page 102,


mass transfer

传质；質量傳遞；質量轉移；質量傳送


material

/məˈtɪəɹɪəl/

音频（美式，加利福尼亚）


maturity

/məˈt͡ʃʊəɹəti/

/məˈtʊəɹəti/


measuring

/ˈmɛʒ.ə.ɹɪŋ/


mendelevium

來自Mendeleev + -ium；來自俄羅斯科學家德米特里·门捷列夫的名字，為元素週期表的創造者。曾替兩個早期發現的元素鉳和鉺提議了相同名稱，但都被拒絕了。

mendeleevium (alternative)
mendeleyevium (alternative)


mesa

一个三维图形库，具有类似于OpenGL的API。


metagenesis

/ˌmɛtəˈd͡ʒɛnəsɪs/


metamorphosis

/ˌmɛtəˈmɔːfəsɪs/

/ˌmɛtəmɔːˈfəʊsɪs/

/ˌmɛɾəˈmɔɹfəsɪs/


mimicry

They say that mimicry is the sincerest form of flattery, but I still think I'm being mocked when he acts just like me.

When animal mimicry goes really wrong they don't just look like something that a predator would ignore, they look like lunch.


mineral deposit by chemical sedimentation


mineral deposit by mechanical sedimentation


mineralogy

/ˌmɪnəˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/

/ˌmɪnəˈɹɑləd͡ʒi/

分體詞：gemmology


miracidium

/ˌmaɪɹəˈsɪdɪəm/


molybdenum

借自新拉丁語 molybdaenum，來自molybdaena (“任何像鉛的物質”)，來自古希臘語 μολύβδαινα (molúbdaina，“鉛墜，一塊鉛”)，來自μόλυβδος (mólubdos，“鉛；石墨”)，來自安那托利亞語族詞彙同源的呂底亞語 𐤪𐤠𐤭𐤦𐤥𐤣𐤠 (mariwda，“黑暗”)，來自原始印歐語 *morkʷ-iyo-，來自詞根*morkʷ- (“暗”)，與英語 murk同源。參見拉丁語 plumbum nigrum (“鉛”)。後綴為 + -um (“化學元素”)。
18世紀最後25年被證實。

molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum disulphide

The metals at preſent amount to 21 ; only 11 of which were known before the year 1730. Their names are gold, ſilver, platinum, mercury, copper, iron, tin, lead, zinc, antimony, biſmuth, arſenic, cobalt, nickel, manganeſe, tungſten, molybdenum, uranium, tellurium, titanium, chromum.

1803，“Of Metals”, in Supplement to the Third Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature，第2nd版, 卷 I，頁 225:

Technical terms like ferrite, perlite, graphite, and hardenite were bandied to and fro, and when Paget glibly brought out such a rare exotic as ferro-molybdenum, Benson forgot that he was a master ship-builder, […]

1928，Lawrence R. Bourne，章號 4, in Well Tackled!:

At pH levels below 5, wheat yields may be low, molybdenum may become unavailable to plants, and other trace elements may be concentrated to toxic levels.

1990，Arthur J. Conacher，“Salt of the Earth”, in Environment，卷 32, 號 6，頁 40:

a quadruple bond between molybdenums

Thus in M₄O₁₁, for example, ¾ of the molybdenums are octahedrally connected and ¼ are tetrahedrally coordinated and, furthermore, the formula is compatible with the existence of one Mo(IV) for every three Mo(VI), so at first glance the compound might appear to be a class I mixed valence system.

2007，Peter Day，Molecules into Materials: Case Studies in Materials Chemistry—Mixed Valency, Magnetism and Superconductivity，頁 233:


moor

[möː(ə̯)~mʊ̈ː(ə̯)]

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-moor.wav


mosses

複數形式 mosses 表示有多種苔蘚；複數形式 moss 則表示許多同種苔蘚。


mud

泥，粘土或淤泥與水的混合物所形成的一種膠質體，其粒徑大部分在0.06毫米以下。


mylonite

/ˈmʌɪlənʌɪt/


natural radioactivity

[環境]天然放射性；自然放射性，主要來自於鈾的輻射，在石頭、土壤、建築材料等物質中也有少許含量。


nautilus

:出自拉丁语 nautilus，出自古希腊语 ναυτίλος (nautílos)。


neodymium

钕(化學元素，原子序為60，化學符號為Nd)


neptunium

錼，镎(化學元素，原子序為93，化學符號為Np)


nickel

镍(化學元素，原子序為28，化學符號為Ni)


niobium

铌(化學元素，原子序為41，化學符號為Nb)


nitrate

[ˈnaɪ̯ˌtʰɹeɪ̯t]


norm

正體| 範數[電子計算機]

規範：一已確立的標準、指南或法規。作為立法主體、公司、法庭、政府機關、法律、和道德倫理的規則。


normal distribution

[電機工程][通訊工程]正态分布；正常分布；常態分佈；常態分配


north pole

/ˌnɔːθ ˈpəʊl/

/ˌnɔɹθ ˈpoʊl/


ocean current

海流；洋流，指沿著一定路徑呈網狀方式流動的海洋水流。


odometer

/oʊˈdɑːmətɚ/


organic pollution

[環境]有机污染，指來自活有機體和死亡有機體的動植物物質所造成的污染。這些污染物可能含有病原菌及環境的負面影響。


orientation

/ˌɔɹiɛnˈteɪʃən/


orthopyroxene

/ˌɔːθə(ʊ)paɪˈɹɒksiːn/

/ˌɔɹθoʊpaɪˈɹɑksin/


osmium

锇(化學元素，原子序為76，化學符號為Os)


overfold

/ˈəʊvəfəʊld/


palladium

钯(化學元素，原子序為46，化學符號為Pd)


particle size

粒度；粒子大小；粒徑；顆粒大小


pharmacolite

源自古希臘語 φάρμακον (phármakon，“藥物、毒物”)與λίθος (líthos，“石頭”)的組合，因其為含砷礦物而得名。


phosphorescence

/ˌfɑːsfəˈɹɛsəns/


plan

【词语】：计划，规划
【释义】：①工作或行动以前预先拟定的具体内容和步骤。


archer

繼承自中古英語 archer、archere，來自古法語 archier，來自通俗拉丁語 *arcārius，改自arcuārius，來自拉丁語 arcus (“弓”)。本土古英語 sċytta的移位。

/ˈɑː(ɹ).t͡ʃə(ɹ)/


armageddon

/ˌɑː(ɹ).məˈɡɛ.dn̩/

/ˌɑɹ.məˈɡɛ.dn̩/


armful

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-armful.wav


plankton

借自德語 Plankton、由德國的動物學家和海洋生物學家Victor Hensen造出其衍生自古希臘語 πλαγκτός (planktós，“漂流者”)，來自πλάζω (plázō，“轉身離開，徘徊”)。


plutonium

鈽，鐪，钚(化學元素，原子序為94，化學符號為Pu)


positive ion

[電機工程]阳离子；正離子


praseodymium

镨(化學元素，原子序為59，化學符號為Pr)


processing

/ˈpɹəʊsɛsɪŋ/


promethium

鉕(化學元素，原子序為61，化學符號為Pm)


protactinium

鏷(化學元素，原子序為91，化學符號為Pa)


protractor

以前用於從傷處取出異物的工具


generosity

/ˌd͡ʒɛnəˈɹɑsəti/

/ˌd͡ʒɛnəˈɹɒsɪti/


turmoil

未知。首个记录见于1520年，可能源自古法語 tremouille (“磨粉机的漏斗”)。

Oleg Blokhin's side lost the talismanic Andriy Shevchenko to the substitutes' bench because of a knee injury but still showed enough to put England through real turmoil in spells.

2012年June19日，Phil McNulty，“England 1-0 Ukraine”, in BBC Sport:

The Taoists developed their philosophy during an extended era of turmoil known as the Warring States period of Chinese history.

2024年January14日，Charles Hugh Smith，Self-Reliance, Taoism and the Warring States:


tungsten

鎢(化學元素，原子序為74，化學符號為W)


vacuole

/ˈvækjʊˌəʊl/


obituary

/əˈbɪtjʊəɹɪ/

/əʊ̯ˈbɪtjʊəɹɪ/

/əˈbɪtjʊəɹiː/

/əʊ̯ˈbɪtjʊəɹiː/

/əˈbɪtʃuˌɜɹi/

/oʊˈbɪtʃuˌɜɹi/

/oʊˈbɪtʃəɹi/


enunciation

/ɪˌnʌn.ʃɪˈeɪ.ʃən/


overhaul

/ˈəʊvəˌhɔːl/

/ˌəʊvəˈhɔːl/


stoichiometry

源自Jeremias Benjamin Richter在1792年所創的德語 Stöchiometrie 。等價於 古希臘語 στοιχεῖον (stoikheîon，“元素”) + -metry。

特定反應或方程式的反應物和產物之間的定量關係。


chlorophyll

源自法語 chlorophylle，來自古希臘語χλωρός (khlōrós，“淺綠”)和φύλλον (phúllon，“葉子”)。

chlorophyl (alternative)
chlorophylls (plural)


mollusc

:出自新拉丁语 Mollusca ("软体门")，出自拉丁语 molluscus ("软")。

(动物学) Mollusca门的軟體動物，常带有坚硬的外壳。

比喻没有骨气、缺乏坚定意志的人。


rachis

(花序的)花軸，葉軸，羽軸(被花朵、葉片、羽片附著的枝條)


oxo

一個通過雙鍵與另一個原子相連的取代性氧原子


pyrolysis

/pɪˈɹɒlɪsɪs/


pyrope

來自拉丁語 pyrōpus，來自古希臘語 πῦρ (pûr) + ὤψ (ṓps)。


quadratic

借自法語 quadratique (1765)，派生自拉丁語 quadrātus + -ique（英語 -ic），源自quadrō (“我做正方形”)，源自quādrus (“正方形”)，最終源自原始印歐語 *kʷetwóres (“四”)，同 拉丁語 quartus (“四”)。

quadratick (alternative)
quadratics (plural)

和 quartic (“四次”) 不同。兩者都派生自 原始印歐語 *kʷetwóres (“四”)，而 quadratic 則源自「四邊的」，因此代表「二維」、「二次」的意思。


luminal

化學物品發光胺(luminol)的誤拼


appendage

附屬器官，附屬肢體(如臂、腿、尾等)


torso

(沒有頭和手的)裸體軀體雕像


insulation

/ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/


parenchyma

/pəˈɹɛŋ.kɪm.ə/


peroxisome

過氧化物酶體(細胞器的一種)


hexose

己醣(有六個碳原子的單醣類)；六碳醣


pentose

戊醣(有五個碳原子的單醣類)


glycosidic bond

醣甘鍵(連接兩個單醣類的鍵結)


electrocardiogram

EKG (alternative)
electrocardiograms (plural)

/əˌlɛktɹəˈkɑɹdi.əˌɡɹæm/


sonogram

/ˈsəʊ.nəˌɡɹæm/

/ˈsɒnəˌɡɹæm/


abiotic

首次記錄於1874年。源自 a- + biotic，前半部分源自 古希臘語 ἀ- (a-)，後半部分源自 古希臘語 βιωτικός (biōtikós，“生命的”)，源自βίος (bíos，“生命”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós)。


chloroform

借自法語 chloroforme，这个词于1834年由讓-巴蒂斯特·杜馬所造，由 terchloride（“三氯化物”）和 formyle（“甲酰基”）混合而成。字面上等同於 chloro- + -form。

Some assume that chloroform is a gas because it was given by inhalation.

一些人认为氯仿是一种气体，因为它是通过吸入而产生的。


cardiotoxin

心臟毒素 (毒蛇毒液中的成份)


lactase

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lactase.wav


building

來自中古英語 bildyng、buildyng、buyldyng、byldyng、bulding、beldyng，等同於build + -ing。

The building of the bridge will be completed in a couple of weeks.

這座橋幾星期內就能建好。

One particularly damaging, but often ignored, effect of conflict on education is the proliferation of attacks on schools[…]as children, teachers or school buildings become the targets of attacks. Parents fear sending their children to school. Girls are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence.

冲突对教育产生的一个特别有害但往往被忽视的影响是，对学校的袭击激增 […] ，因为儿童、教师或学校建筑成为袭击的目标。家长们害怕送他们的孩子去学校。女孩特别容易遭受性暴力。

2013年July19日，Mark Tran，“Denied an education by war”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 6，頁 1:

My sister lives in that apartment building.

我姊妹住在那棟公寓樓裡。


bath

[bæθ⁓bɛəθ⁓beəθ]


automatic

/ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/

/ˌɔtəˈmætɪk/

[ˌɔɾəˈmæɾɪk]


quartzite

Following the course of the river from New Ulm to Fort Ridgely, there are several exposures of reddish-brown “granite” or quartzites, which has been quarried in a few places, but I do not feel entirely sure of its connection with the rocks in the prairie or at the Ferry below.

1869，James Hall，“Notes upon the Geology of Some Portions of Minnesota, from St. Paul to the Western Part of the State”, in Transactions of the American Philosophical Society，卷 XIII，頁 331:

The stone experimented upon being of the hardest and toughest kind the effect is not seen for several strokes ; but within two minutes, during which the writer watched the experiment, a steel chisel was completely blunted and rendered useless, and there was a hole made about two inches deep in the mass of quartzite placed to operate upon.

1870年November20日，Professor Ansted，“The Passage of the Mont Cenis”, in The Gentleman's Magazine，卷 229，頁 656:

Granites of the usual type, compact reddish or greyish quartz-felsite or rhyolite alternate one with another. A mica-trap is also found. Evidently this is an extension of the last group of rocks. A specimen of epidotic quartzite proves that there are, at any rate, some indications of the metamorphic series.

1883，T. G. Bonney，“On a Collection of Rock Specimens from the Island of Socotra”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society，卷 174，頁 273:


quaternary

/ˈkwɑːtɚˌnɛəɹi/


radiation detector

[電子電機工程]辐射探测器


radioactive contamination

放射性沾染；放射性污染，指某種物質、生命有機體或場址遭受放射性物質的污染。


radioactive substance

[電機工程][環境]放射性物质；放射質，源自於核子設施及放射性元素之開採、純化與濃縮的過程，致使放射性物質釋放至環境中。


radioactive tracer

放射性示蹤劑：同位素進入生物體系統中，可以利用放射性檢測儀追蹤，能夠測定出被同位素輻射損害物質的分佈及位置。


radiocarbon age

放射性碳年龄;放射性碳龄;放射碳年


radiocarbon dating

放射性碳测定年代；放射性碳测年


radionuclide

放射性核素；放射性核種，具有放射性之核種。


reconnaissance

源自法語 reconnaissance (“識別”)。recognizance 的同源對似詞。

recce (alternative)
recon (alternative)
reconnaissances (plural)

The third member, Sergeant Pieter Rousseau, had been with the back-up teams at the Hub; he was an expert on space reconnaissance instrumentation, but on this trip he would have to depend on his own eyes and a small portable telescope.

1973, Arthur C. Clarke, Rendezvous with Rama


recovery time

Actually, the point-to-point times in general were not varied; the additions were all in the form of blocks of recovery time over certain selected stretches of line.

1959 October，Cecil J. Allen，“Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 475:


redox potential

氧化还原势；氧化還原反應電位


refraction

/ɹəˈfɹækʃən/


refractive index

[通信][電機工程]折射率;折射系数；折射率指數


relict

A small number of linguists believe that Cimbrian is not an Austro-Bavarian dialect but a relict of Lombardic.


remote control

A single slice of this could leave you supine in front of the Queen's speech without even the wherewithal to reach for the remote control.

2011年December15日，Felicity Cloake，“How to cook the perfect nut roast”, in Guardian:

The bomb was detonated by remote control.


reproducer

Local musicians were not just passive reproducers of the tradition.

当地音乐家并非只是传统的被动复制者。

2000，David Greer, Ian Rumbold, Jonathan King，Musicology and Sister Disciplines，頁 304:

專論中，用於縮小的比例上重現引擎衝程的裝置

重現錯誤或其他相關狀況的一系列步驟


restoration

/ɹɛstəˈɹeɪʃən/


right bank

同類詞：left bank


rock crystal

[…] I have for Trials sake taken Lumps of Rock Crystal, and Heating them Red hot in a Crucible, I found according to my Expectation, that being Quench’d in Fair water, even those that remain’d in seemingly entire Lumps, exchang’d their Translucency for Whiteness […]

1664, Robert Boyle, Experiments and Considerations Touching Colours, London: Henry Herringman, Chapter 1, p. 114,

[…] I saw his Body, in Episcopal Robes, lying upon the Altar in a Shrine of Rock-Crystal.

1718, Joseph Addison, Remarks on Several Part of Italy, London: J. Tonson, pp. 22-23,

[…] there in the laboratory we beheld a larger edition of the little mechanism which we had seen vanish from before our eyes. Parts were of nickel, parts of ivory, parts had certainly been filed or sawn out of rock crystal.

1895, H. G. Wells, The Time Machine, New York: Henry Holt, Chapter 1, p. 24,

I wondered whether I ought to speak to Brideshead, but that grim, rock-crystal mask forbade all confidence.

1945, Evelyn Waugh, Brideshead Revisited, Boston: Little, Brown, Chapter 5, p. 131,

At New Year he had given Anne a present of silver forks with handles of rock crystal.

2009, Hilary Mantel, Wolf Hall, London: Fourth Estate, Part 4, Chapter 1, p. 296,


roentgen

/ˈɹɜːnt.ɡən/


darmstadtium

名稱以德國城市達姆城（Darmstadt）命名，因這裡為首次合成出此元素的地方， + -ium。

/dɑːɹmˈʃtɑːtiəm/


ruthenium

钌(化學元素，原子序為44，化學符號為Ru)


card

長方形的紙條或塑料條；卡；板


yttrium

钇（金屬化學元素，原子序為39，化學符號為Y）


meitnerium

Meitner + -ium；名稱來自莉泽·迈特纳（Lise Meitner）。


samarium

釤(化學元素，原子序為62，化學符號為Sm)


tin

錫(化學元素，原子序為50，化學符號為Sn)


titanium

Even as FDA works to develop that plan, consumers continue to be exposed to unsafe food chemicals including not just dyes but also the artificial sweetener aspartame, the white pigment titanium dioxide, the preservative propylparaben, and the phthalate food packaging chemicals, according to CSPI.

2025年January15日，“FDA moves to eliminate carcinogenic Red 3 from foods”, in Center for Science in the Public Interest:


ytterbium

鐿(化學元素，原子序為70，化學符號為Yb)


a cappella

借自意大利語 alla cappella (“以[西斯廷]教堂的方式”)，指非器樂合唱團。

a capella (alternative)
acapella (alternative)
a cappellas (plural)

/ˌɑ kəˈpɛl.ə/

阿卡貝拉／阿卡佩拉，無伴奏合唱


dentin

來自法語 dentine，來自拉丁語 dens (“牙齒”) + 英語化學後綴-in / -ine。


company

一群同行，一群同事，一群訪客。

携手同行的友谊，相伴相随之情。

(非正式) 特工机构，特务组织，情报部门。


organization

/ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/

/ˌɔɹɡənɪˈzeɪʃən/

/ˌɔɹɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/


gun

銃、槍砲，包含所有大小的管身射擊武器。


language

/ˈlæŋɡwɪd͡ʒ/

[ˈleɪŋɡwɪd͡ʒ]

a language is a dialect with an army and navy

language analysis for the determination of origin


selection

派生自拉丁語 sēlēctiō。


plant

澳大利亞，美國，加拿大，北英格蘭

澳大利亞，美國，加拿大，北英格蘭

澳大利亞，美國，加拿大，北英格蘭

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-plant.wav


A-bomb

(俚語)


aba

源自阿拉伯語 عَبَاءَة (ʕabāʔa)。對照abaya。

阿巴原色粗呢（山羊或骆驼毛织物）

阿拉伯式寬鬆無袖服裝，由上述材料或絲綢製成（首次使用於19世紀早期）

'A pale mauve abba such as you buy in the East.'

1934，Agatha Christie，章號 5, in Murder on the Orient Express，London: HarperCollins, 出版於 2017，頁 110:

Here Nessim would sit night after night in the winter, dressed in his old rust-coloured abba, staring gravely at Betelgeuse, or hovering over books of calculations for all the world like a medieval soothsayer.

阿拉伯式斗篷，一種由上述材料製成的外衣，形式非常簡單，是沙漠中的阿拉伯人所穿的，形式如插圖所示，由兩種寬度不同的材料縫合在一起，形成一個大約 4 x 9 英尺的長方形。


aba

* 來自發明者的名字，法國探險家A. T. d' Abbadie。

用於陸地和水上的天文經緯儀


abattis

abatis的另一種拼寫法

He withdrew Torfrida and his men into the heart of the forest,—no hint of the place is given by the chronicler,—cut down trees, formed an abattis of trunks and branches, and awaited the enemy.

1866，Charles Kingsley，章號 34, in Hereward the Wake，London: Nelson，頁 469:


abattoir

/ˈæbəˌtwɑː(ɹ)/


Abba

聖父(有些東正教和希臘正教對主教的尊稱)

天父(基督教祈禱時對上帝的稱呼)


abbe

(對法國教士的尊稱)神父;牧師;長老


abbey

修道院全院修士(或修女)


abbreviation

首見於1400–50年。來自中古英語 abbreviacioun，來自中古法語 abreviation，來自晚期拉丁語 abbreviātiō，來自拉丁語 ad + breviō (“縮短”)，來自brevis (“短的”)。
形態上abbreviate + -ion。相當於ab- + brevi- + -ation。

:Template:樂（樂譜上的）省略號


abdication

首次記錄於1552年。派生自中古法語 abdication，派生自拉丁語 abdicātiō (“放棄、廢棄”)，源自abdicō。

斷絕或剝奪孩子的繼承權的行為（16世紀中期至17世紀中期）

退位；放棄高級職位、或信任的行為 （首次記錄於17世紀初期）

自願放棄主權 （首次記錄於17世紀晚期）

abdication of the throne, government, power, authority

放棄財產權益或法律上的要求 （僅記錄於18世紀中期）

退位；被廢黜 （僅記錄於17世紀中期）


aneurysm

借自古希臘語 ἀνεύρυσμα (aneúrusma，“擴大，擴張”)，源自 ἀνευρύνω (aneurúnō，“擴張，膨脹”，動詞)，源自 ἀνά (aná，“往上”) + εὐρύς (eurús，“寬”)。


abdominocentesis

腹腔穿刺術；使用套管從腹部吸取腹腔積液以進行評估。


vert

源自中古英語 vert，源自古法語 vert，源自拉丁語 viridis。 virid 的同源對似詞。

vert：

（可用来给鹿作掩护的）绿色灌木丛

“I understand thee,” said the King, “and the Holy Clerk shall have a grant of vert and venison in my woods of Warncliffe.”


vert

滑板或滑雪者所用的垂直平面


abilityphone

萬能電話(專為殘障者設計的電腦化電話裝置)


abigail

源自人名Abigail，17世紀初的劇作《The Scornful Lady》中一位女侍者的名字。

女僕，侍女，丫頭 （17世紀中期－19世紀）

It was therefore concluded that the Abigails should, by turns, relieve each other on one of his lordship’s horses, which was presently equipped with a side-saddle for that purpose.

In the servants’ hall two coachmen and three gentlemen’s gentlemen stood or sat round the fire; the abigails, I suppose, were upstairs with their mistresses; the new servants, that had been hired from Millcote, were bustling about everywhere.


Abidjan

/ˌæb.ɪˈdʒɑn/

/ˌæb.əˈdʒɑn/

/ˈæb.əˌdʒɑn/

阿必尚(非洲象牙海岸之首都)


safety valve

outlet

發洩情緒的途徑，舒緩情緒的方法

release

發洩情緒的途徑，舒緩情緒的方法

Spun glass mattresses are used for lagging the boiler, which has three Ross pop safety valves on the front ring.

1941 April，“British Locomotive Developments”, in The Railway Magazine，London: Tothill Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 173:

[A]nd to show that there was no shortage of steam, Royal Scot, directly we stopped, blew off vigorously from its safety-valves steam that well might have been used in the cylinders in the interest of timekeeping.

1959 April，Cecil J. Allen，“Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Trains Illustrated，London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 185:

用於關閉盛放氣體或蒸汽的容器以防止壓力過度流失的閥門

發洩情緒的途徑，舒緩情緒的方法

美國的一條法律，編入美国法典第§3553條，授權法官對很少或沒有犯罪前科的罪犯不適用強制性最低刑罰

Hernández additionally requested that he be given a two-level safety-valve reduction pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2, which mitigates the harsh effect of mandatory minimum sentences on certain first-time offenders who played only supporting roles in drug-trafficking schemes and who provided testimony about their involvement in the criminal activity.

2020年June30日，David Jeremiah Barron, Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit，“United States v. Hernández-Hernández”, in Federal Reporter […] (No. 19-1123)，卷 964, St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2023-07-02，頁 100:


sag

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-sag.wav


salt balance

盐分平衡；盐量平衡；盐平衡


abjuration

首見於1439年，繼承自中古英語 abjuracioun，派生自拉丁語 abiūrātiō (“棄絕、放棄”)，源自ab (“遠離”) + iūrō (“發誓或宣誓”)，派生自iūs (“法律、權利、義務”)。對照法語 abjuration。

/ˌæb.d͡ʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/

/ˌæb.d͡ʒəˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/

/ˌæb.d͡ʒʊɹˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/


abjection

/æbˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃn̩/


abirritation

/ˌæb.ɪɹ.ɪˈteɪ.ʃn̩/


scale factor

标度因数；比例因數；标度因子；定标因数


scaling factor

换算系数；比例因數；定標因數；標度因數


abuser

來自abuse + -er。其當用義項最早在1350年到1470年間使用。

誤用者，非法使用者 （17世紀中葉到18世紀中葉之間使用）


ablative

繼承自中古英語 ablative, ablatife, ablatyf, ablatif，派生自古法語 ablatif (“離格”)，派生自拉丁語 ablātīvus (“表示移除”)，源自ablātus (“被帶走的”)，源自auferō (“我帶走”)

abl. (alternative)
Abl. (alternative)
ablatives (plural)


ablation zone

冰融帶(冰州的前半部，在那裡冰的融蝕量超過其堆積量)


ablactation

繼承自中古英語 ablactacioun，派生自晚期拉丁語 ablactatio, ablactō (“使斷奶”)，源自ab (“沒有”) + lacto (“哺乳”)，源自lac (“奶”)；等價於ab- + lactation。


abo

對澳洲土著的蔑稱。aborigine 的简称。


zebu

來自法語 zébu，來自藏語（或許對應མཛོ་པོ (mdzo po，“牛與犛牛的雄性雜交種”)）。


acclamation

* 首見於1541年。
* 借自拉丁語 acclāmātiō, acclāmātiōnis (“呼喊、驚嘆、讚許”)，源自acclamo (“大喊、大叫”)，源自ad (“向著”) + clamo (“大叫”)。
* 對照法語 acclamation。


tabby

(灰色、茶色花紋的)斑貓，虎斑貓


table salt

通常與化學家稱為鹽的化合物作區別。


Taiwanese

Congregations consist mainly of Mandarin-speaking refugees from the mainland but Taiwanese are not excluded. Student centers were established at Taipei, Panchiao, and Tainan for Bible study, fellowship, and personal counseling.

會眾主要由來自大陸講普通話的難民組成，但也不排除臺灣人。 台北、板橋和台南設立學生中心，提供聖經學習、團契和個人輔導。

1965，“Lutheranism in Asia”, in The Encyclopedia of the Lutheran Church，卷 I, Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 125，列 1:

Taiwan was the touchstone for both sides. We felt that we should not and could not abandon the Taiwanese; we were committed to Taiwan's right to exist as an independent nation.

臺灣是雙方的試金石。 我們覺得不應該也不可能拋棄臺灣人；我們致力於臺灣作為一個獨立國家存在的權利。

1978，Richard Nixon，RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon，Grosset & Dunlap, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 570:

We know the “ethnic” distribution between Taiwanese and mainland Chinese households in each district (ch’ü) of Taipei. In 1963, the percent of Taiwanese households varied from only 28.8% in Taan district to 86% in Chiencheng district. In 1991, Taan again had the lowest percent of Taiwanese households (63%) and Tatung the highest (86%).

我們知道臺北各區臺灣人和大陸人家庭的民族分佈情況。1963年，臺灣人家庭的百分比從大安區的28.8%到建城區的86%不等。1991年，大安區的臺灣人家庭比例最低（63%），大同區最高（86%）。

1996，Robert M. Marsh，“Solidarity with Extended Kin”, in The Great Transformation: Social Change in Taipei, Taiwan Since the 1960s，M.E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁s 149-150:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:Taiwanese。


sciophyte

/ˈsʌɪə(ʊ)fʌɪt/


sclerenchyma

/sklɪəɹˈɛŋkɪmə/

/skləɹˈɛŋkəmə/


sea urchin

來自sea + urchin (“刺蝟”)，因其外型類似刺蝟。

/ˈsi ˌɝtʃɪ̈n/

Of the many species of sea urchins utilized in biological research today the most widely used in North America is probably the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.

1986, Patrick S. Leahy, Chapter 1: Laboratory Culture of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Adults, Embryos, and Larvae, Thomas E. Schroeder (editor), Methods in Cell Biology, Volume 27: Echinoderm Gametes and Embryos, page 2,

The pericentriolar radial complex characteristic of the spermatozoa of other echinoderms is lacking in the spermatozoa of all sea urchins.

2001，V. L. Kasyanov，Reproductive Strategy of Marine Bivalves and Echinoderms，頁 90:

Approximately 20% of sea urchins are direct-developers, meaning that they bypass the pluteal larval stage and develop directly into an adult sea urchin.

2004，Belinda J. Sly，The Development and Evolution of the Echinoderm Nervous System，頁 9:


sedimentary rock

It's a geological wonderland, with great exposures of colorful and varied sedimentary rocks.

这里简直就是一个地质仙境，拥有大量色彩斑斓、种类繁多的沉积岩。

2012，Chinle Miller，In Mesozoic Lands: The Mesozoic Geology of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks，第Kindle版:


selenology

/sɛliːˈnɒləd͡ʒɪ/


dachshund

借自德語 Dachshund (“獾犬”)；Dachs (“獾”) + Hund (“狗”)。

We had decided to take a small dog for the children and we chose a tan, short-haired, six-week-old male dachshund. We named him Fritz.

2006，Ted Freeman，Doctor in Vanuatu，Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, →ISBN，頁 35:


dado

墩身(圓柱下方的方形部分)


acquiescer

On the basis of these scores, patients were designated High Acquiescers and Low Acquiescers.

1969，Digest of Neurology and Psychiatry，頁 82:


acquisition

繼承自中古英語，源自古法語 acquisicion，來自拉丁語 acquisītiō，來自acquirere；等同於acquire + -ition。

The acquisition of sports equipment can be fun in itself.

That graphite tennis racquet is quite an acquisition.


action

繼承自中古英語 accion，来自古法語 aucion，acciun，来自拉丁語 āctiō (“做的行為”)，来自āctus + 动作后缀-iō，agere (“做，行動”)的被動完成分詞，源自原始印歐語 *h₂éǵeti；另见act、active。


separation

/sɛpəˈɹeɪʃən/


sepiolite

源自拉丁語 sepia (“墨魚”) + -lite，因形似而得名。


settling velocity

下沉速度；沉降速度；沉淀速度


tetralogy

(戲劇,歌劇,小說等的)四部曲


tetrasporangium

具有四個無性芽胞的孢子囊


TLPA

台灣語言音標（Taiwan Language Phonetic Alphabet的全称），其特色在于台語八聲調之語尾調號用數字(1至8)來表示。


disk operating system

磁碟作業系統，磁盘操作系统


standardization

standardisation (alternative)
standardizations (plural)

The FCC says it decided to attempt standardization of VHF receivers after getting "thousands of complaints" from disgruntled boatmen who found their sets brought in mostly a lot of garble and static.

1976, Boating (volume 40, numbers 1-2, page 152)


access control

把庫房、建築或房間的入口，限制只給授權人員的做法

在技術方面，允許使用或拒絕使用某一特定資源；存取控制，訪問控制


access time

電腦資料在存取所需的時間

Random access files have a fast access time, but they cannot easily produce sequential lists.

1986，Roger R Flynn，An Introduction to Information Science:

表明文件最後一次被訪問時間的元數據項目

It is difficult to monitor both the access time and the change time, because monitoring the file attributes resets the access time […]

2005, Brian Wotring, Bruce Potter, Marcus J Ranum, Rainer Wichmann, Host Integrity Monitoring Using Osiris and Samhain


accessibility

來自accessible + -ity，按照晚期拉丁語 accessibilitas所造，來自拉丁語 accessibilis。

無障礙；為有某些障礙的用戶增加軟件可用性的功能

He says the company's FLIRT design, in particular its retractable steps, provides greater accessibility, while the technology is highly innovative and reliable.

2021年May19日，David Clough，“Swiss precision meets UK growth”, in RAIL，期 931，頁 57:

無障礙；為有某些障礙的用戶增加軟件可用性的功能

The purpose of this study is to measure West Virginia University's website accessibility for students and users who are blind or visually impaired and compare that measurement to the measurement of other websites of […]

2007, Accessibility of WVU Websites for Individuals with Vision Impairments, ProQuest ISBN 9780549459835, page 4


silt

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-silt.wav


smectite

[[蒙皂石][蒙皂石族]]


specific capacity

[电子电机工程]比容量；电容率


spectrogram

/ˈspɛktɹəˌɡɹæm/


spectrograph

/ˈspɛktɹəˌɡɹæf/


standard cell

[电子电机工程]标准单元


staphylococcus

This Scottish bacteriologist accidentally discovered the antibiotic penicillin after bacteria-killing fungus formed on staphylococci cultures he had left unattended.

這位蘇格蘭細菌學家在無意中發現了抗生素青黴素，當時他未妥善處理的葡萄球菌培養物上長出了殺菌黴菌。

2012，The Onion Book of Known Knowledge，頁 127:


thermal capacity

[電機工程]熱容量；熱容


stratigraphy

/stɹəˈtɪɡɹəfi/


strength

[st̠͡ɹ̠ɛŋkθ]

[st̠͡ɹ̠ɛn̪θ]

[st̠͡ɹ̠ɪŋkθ]


subdivision

Work on one subdivision at a time.

同一建商或地區所建造的房子。

They're putting in a new subdivision out past Black Ranch Road.

他們要在 Black Ranch 路另一邊建一個新樓盤。

... By the 1970s, cattle rustling had fallen by the wayside, as tractors replaced carabaos and industrial estates and residential subdivisions supplanted rice fields as the mainstays of Cavite's suburban northern towns.

1999, Vicente L. Rafael, Figures of Criminality in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Colonial Vietnam, SEAP Publications (ISBN 9780877277248), page 81:

As the farms give way to the residential subdivisions and industrial estates, the centuries-old traditional Filipino houses, slightly raised above grounds and standing on stilts, are abandoned in the quest for more living space.

2014, Rodelio B. Carating, Raymundo G. Galanta, Clarita D. Bacatio, The Soils of the Philippines, Springer Science & Business (ISBN 9789401786829), page 51:


supply

:< 古法語 supplier < 拉丁語 supplere （“填补，填充，供应”）。

（军队或探险队等的）补给，补给品


surface tension

[電機工程]表面张力；表面張量


surrounding

/səˈɹaʊndɪŋ/


survival of the fittest

由哲学家赫伯特·斯宾塞在1864造出，受查爾斯·達爾文的《物種起源》所啟發，並被達爾文用於其之後的版本。

自然選擇；字面意思為最適者生存、適者生存

Slow though the process of selection may be, if feeble man can do much by artificial selection, I can see no limit to the amount of change, to the beauty and complexity of the coadaptations between all organic beings, one with another and with their physical conditions of life, which may have been effected in the long course of time through nature's power of selection, that is by the survival of the fittest.

1872，Charles Darwin，“Chapter IV”, in The Origin of Species，第Sixth London Edition版:


suspended matter

懸浮物，因紊流的向上部分或膠體懸浮所造成懸浮在流體中的物質。


swartzite

水炭鈣鎂鈾礦, 水炭钙镁铀矿


ultramarine

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ultramarine.wav


unciform

/ˈʌnsɪfɔːɹm/


ungulate

/ˈʌŋɡjəleɪt/


uniformitarianism

/juːnɪfɔːmɪˈtɛːɹɪənɪzm/


ureilite

/ˈjɔːɹiɪlʌɪt/

/ˈjʊəɹiɪlʌɪt/


thermal radiation

[通訊工程][電機工程]熱輻射


tiger's eye

tiger's-eye (alternative)
tiger eye (alternative)
tiger's eyes (plural)


time lag

Owing to the time lag which must occur between the dates of closing for press and publication, it sometimes happens that items of news are out of date, or inaccurate, by the time they reach readers.

1947 January and February，“Notes and News: Steamer Services on the Clyde”, in Railway Magazine，頁 50:

The communicating doors of adjoining vehicles are opened simultaneously by pressing a large push-button located a suitable height for a man loaded with mailbags to contact it with his shoulder; after a time-lag of seven seconds the doors close automatically.

1959 December，“New TPOs for the Western Region”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 581:


tracer isotope

同位素指示劑；示踪同位素


transfer

/tɹɑːnsˈfɜː/

/ˈtɹɑːnsfɜː/


transition element

第 12 族元素鋅、鎘、汞（和鎶）有時不包括在過渡金屬中。IUPAC 2005 紅皮書允許這樣做，但 IUPAC 2011 化學命名原則不允許這樣做。

過渡元素，過渡金屬（第3族至第12族元素的合稱）

第3族至第11族元素的合稱

任何具有不完整內電子層的金屬元素，具有多種化合價並形成有色化合物和穩定的錯離子


transition temperature

转变温度；轉換溫度；過渡溫度


buffoon

小丑，弄臣。以低俗的手段取悦观众的人。


hummingbird

來自humming (名詞) + bird，來自翅膀快速拍動發出的嗡嗡聲。

humming bird (alternative)
humming-bird (alternative)
hummingbirds (plural)

/ˈhʌmɪŋˌbɝd/

/ˈhʌmɪŋˌbɜːd/

Soon I hear the low all-pervading hum of an approaching hummingbird circling above the rock, …

1857 Thoreau, Henry David, journal entry, May 29, 1857. From Thoreau on Birds: notes on New England birds from the Journals of Henry David Thoreau, Boston: Beacon Press, 1993, p238. (Originally published as the anthology Thoreau's bird-lore, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1910, edited by Francis H. Allen.)

Beyond the veranda was a small cleared garden, bounded with cactus hedges and adorned with clumps of flowering shrubs, round which the great blue butterflies and the tiny humming-birds fluttered and darted in crescents of sparkling light.

1912，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，The Lost World:


honey

來自中古英語 hony, honi，來自古英語 huniġ，來自原始西日耳曼語 *hunag，來自原始日耳曼語 *hunagą（對照西弗里斯蘭語 hunich、德語 Honig），來自早期*hunangą（對比瑞典語 honung），來自原始印歐語 *kn̥h₂onk-o-s，來自*kn̥h₂ónks。和中古威爾士語 canecon (“金”)、拉丁語 canicae 複 (“糠”)、吐火羅語B kronkśe (“蜂”)、阿爾巴尼亞語 qengjë (“蜂巢”)、古希臘語 κνῆκος (knêkos，“紅花”)、北庫爾德語 şan (“蜂巢”)、北盧里語 گونج (gonj，“蜂”)同源。

The honey in the pot should last for years.

罐裡裝的蜂蜜應當能保存數年。

The physical properties of the different honeys, color, granulation, aroma, flavor, etc., are indicated in the table only in a very general way.

1908，United States. Bureau of Chemistry，Bulletin，期s 110-114:

If two of the California honeys, western hyssop and fleabane, having a positive polarization at 200 C. are disregarded, then the remaining...

Eucalyptus honeys could be characterized based on seven volatile compounds, whereas lavender honeys had only five...

2011，Stephen Taylor，Advances in Food and Nutrition Research，卷 62:

味道甜的東西；嚮往的事物

O my love, my wife! / Death, that hath suck'd the honey of thy breath / Hath had no power yet upon thy beauty.

1595，威廉·莎士比亞《羅密歐與朱麗葉》，第5場，第3幕，第91–93行:

Honey, would you take out the trash?

親愛的，你能把垃圾丟出去嗎？

Honey, I'm home.

Man, there are some fine honeys here tonight!

夥計，今晚這裡有好幾個性感尤物會來呢！

蜂蜜：


variation

/ˌvɛəɹɪˈeɪʃn̩/

/ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/

/ˌvæɹiˈeɪʃn̩/

/ˌvɛɹiˈeɪʃn̩/


vermiculite

來自拉丁語 vermiculus (“小蠕蟲”)，因為它的纖維性質和加熱時膨脹成蠕蟲狀的特性。


vibrator

[ˈvaɪ̯bɹeɪ̯ɾɚ]


volcanism

來自法語 volcanisme，來自volcan (“火山”)；和/或直接來自volcan(o) + -ism。


volcano

源自意大利語 vulcano、法語 volcan，源自拉丁語 Vulcanus (“伏爾甘，羅馬神話中的火神、工匠之神”)。


volumetric analysis

容量分析；滴定分析[法]；体积分析[法]


vortex

借自拉丁語 vortex。vertex 的同源對似詞。


water balance

[大气]水均衡；水分平衡；水文平衡；水量平衡


water conservation

水保育；水資源保護，基於利益目的之水資源保護、開發及有效率的管理。


water level

There is one feature of interest: at Rendsburg after a not too-easily graded ascent from the plain by means of an embankment, the train crosses the Kiel Canal by a double-track steel bridge 138 ft. above water-level, with, on a clear day, magnificent views over the countryside, and then loops round right, descending to canal level and, parallel with the canal, crossing under the bridge over which it passed a few minutes previously.

1949 September and October，“The "Nord Express"”, in Railway Magazine，頁 337:

通过水槽或由管道连接的直立管中的水面显示水位的儀器

(定語) 沿著河岸和海岸線的路線

The water-level route, the whistle and the loud staccato exhaust of this great engine recalled most vividly memories of the New York Central Hudsons highballing along the Hudson River between Harmon and Albany!

1960 October，P. Ransome-Wallis，“Modern motive power of the German Federal Railway: Part Two”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 613:


water quality

水质，組成天然水成份（有機、無機、物理、化學）的等級評價。


X-ray tube

The dentist aimed the X-ray tube at my mouth to find the cavity.

牙医将X射线管对准我的嘴以找到蛀牙。


zygote

來自古希臘語 ζυγωτός (zugōtós，“被軛住的”)，ζυγόω (zugóō，“軛住”)的過去分詞，來自ζυγόν (zugón，“軛”)，來自原始印歐語 *yugóm (“軛”)。與yoke和jugular同源。


triakisoctahedron

古希臘語 τριάκις (triákis，“三次，三倍”) + 英語 octahedron。

triakisoctahedrons (plural)
triakisoctahedra (plural)


triple point

A solid sublimes only when the pressure of its vapor is below that of the triple point for that substance.

2006，David B. Troy, Paul Beringer，Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, →ISBN，頁 179:

三相點：入射衝擊波、反射衝擊波、馬赫桿和一個滑流的交匯點

When the incident shock wave is at position “a” the second triple point, T, is still inside the zone where the vibrational degree of freedom has not yet reached its equilibrium and the dissociational degree of freedom is still frozen at that position, as its excitation can be assumed to start only after vibrational equilibrium is reached.

2007，Gabi Ben-Dor，Shock Wave Reflection Phenomena, →ISBN，頁 198:

A triple point may have a convex Mach stem, in which case the SS points upward.

2012，George Emanuel，Shock Wave Dynamics: Derivatives and Related Topics, →ISBN，頁 81:

One constant, however, is that the flow, just downstream of the incident shock, at a triple point, must be supersonic.

2015，George Emanuel，Analytical Fluid Dynamics, Third Edition, →ISBN，頁 130:

三相點：曲線和曲面延三條弧線相交的點

The number of the distinguished edges whose orientations point towards the triple point is exactly one, or exactly two.

1998，J. Scott Carter, Masahico Saito，Knotted Surfaces and Their Diagrams, →ISBN，頁 162:

A cubic surface with a triple point (a cubic cone) may or may not be rational.

2007，Rida T Farouki，Pythagorean-Hodograph Curves: Algebra and Geometry Inseparable, →ISBN:

三相點：囚錮鋒、冷鋒、暖鋒的交點

A further investigation is made of the reasonably-close relationship between some multiple tornado outbreaks in the British Isles and the passage of frontal-system triple points (TPs) using, principally, TORRO records and the hourly British Isles charts archived by the Meterorological Office at Bracknell.

1993，Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts:

...together at the point of occlusion, or triple point, where conditions are favorable for formation of a new cyclone, sometimes called a secondary cyclone.

2002，Joseph M. Moran，Online weather studies, →ISBN，頁 232:

The point where occluding starts is the triple point, because there are three air masses involved: that ahead of the occlusion, the warm air aloft, and the air behind the occlusion, or where the cold, warm and occluded fronts meet.

2013，Phil Croucher，Private Helicopter Pilot Studies JAA BW, →ISBN，頁 8-34:

三相點：乾線、外流邊界、冷鋒等兩條邊界的交點

Few, however, reach the African continent; some dissipate in the intertropical-front bulge east of southern Africa; others form triple points with the temperate fronts available for recurving anywhere between Australia and the Seychelles-Madagascar-Mascarenes (Reunion-Mauritius-Rodriguez) sector.

1947，Maurice Adolph Garbell，Tropical and Equatorial Meteorology，頁 205:

It is concluded that the severe storms formed in close proximity to a "triple point" (TP), at which a synoptic cold front and "insolation-enhanced" warm front intersected.

2006，The International Journal of Meteorology:

Such a 'piecrust model' has been used to explain the generation of triple points which can give rise to splitting of a continental body.

2003，Neville Price，Major Impacts and Plate Tectonics, →ISBN，頁 131:

Microstructures like static mineral growth, equilibrated grain boundaries with triple points especially in quartz and feldspar fabric and the lack of plastic crystal lattice deformations even in quartz indicate that metamorphism outlasted deformation.

2012，O. Oncken, C. Janssen，Basement Tectonics 11 Europe and Other Regions, →ISBN，頁 43:

End-member stable triple point configurations are indicated in which the triple point is fixed to the North or South American plates (dashed grey lines) or fixed to the Caribbean Plate (dotted grey lines).

2014，Duncan Keppie，The Analysis of Diffuse Triple Junction Zones in Plate Tectonics and the Pirate Model of Western Caribbean Tectonics, →ISBN，頁 24:


troostite

來自Troost + -ite，以美國田納西州納什維爾的Gerard Troost博士命名。


tuff

來自法語 tuffe、tuf，來自意大利語 tufo，來自拉丁語 tōfus。

This is what makes an ignimbrite; the general term for this kind of volcaniclastic rock is ‘tuff’.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society 2011, p. 9n:


visible-light thermal infrared spin scanning radiometer

可见光热红外线自转扫描辐射仪


linalool

/lɪˈnæləʊɒl/


acquired immune deficiency syndrome

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (alternative)


spittle's

spittle的所有格形式。


Carl

卡爾，西方男性姓名，常見於英文中。


transgender

(比较冒犯的) 跨性別的人。


3D job

字面意思為Dirty（骯髒）、Dangerous（危險）、Demanding（苛求） (或Difficult（困難），Demeaning（貶低身分）)的工作，仿譯自日語 3K (3K)。


service

音頻（美式，加利福尼亚）


preposition

/ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/


raisin

繼承自中古英語 raysyn，借自盎格魯-諾曼語 reysin (“葡萄，葡萄乾”)，源自晚期拉丁語 racīmus，源自拉丁語 racēmus。可能與波斯語 رز (raz，“藤蔓”)有較遠的關係。raceme 的同源對似詞。

在美國，raisin 泛指任何種類的葡萄乾。

在英國、澳洲和新西蘭，raisin 專用於指大黑葡萄，sultana 指大白葡萄，currant 指小顆的黑桑特醋栗。

Some of the fruit had turned black and shrunken — becoming, effectively, absurdly high-cost raisins.

有些果实已经变黑、萎缩——实际上变成了成本高得离谱的葡萄干。

2021年July18日，Christopher Flavelle，“Scorched, Parched and Now Uninsurable: Climate Change Hits Wine Country”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


keg

小桶(尤其是盛啤酒的桶)


kegs

小桶(尤其是盛啤酒的桶)


accelerator

* 1611年初次使用。
* (機動車)： 1900年首次使用。
* accelerate + -or

The Second World War is said to have been a great accelerator for many scientific findings.

許多人說二戰極大地推進了大量科學發現。

As soon as you get onto the slipway, push the accelerator.

當你駛上滑道時，按下油門。

If they had allowed single-character accelerators, Windows wouldn't be able to determine whether the character was input or a shortcut.

2002，Davis Howard Chapman，Sams Teach Yourself Visual C++ .NET in 21 Days，頁 187:

一種輕型貨車，在郵局和火車站之間運送郵件。


ace

無性戀者（asexual 的縮寫）


Anaheim

借自德語 Anaheim (字面意思是“安娜之家”)。


Armageddon

源自希伯來語 הר מגידו (har megiddo)。出自《新約聖經》，於最後一篇〈啟示錄〉內被提及，翻譯為世界末日或末世審判。

/ˌɑː(ɹ).məˈɡɛ.dn̩/

/ˌɑɹ.məˈɡɛ.dn̩/

（國際間的）大決戰，決定性大戰役


Aussie

:源自 Australian / Australia。 表亲昵、指小的后缀 "-ie"
/-i/
 在澳洲英语十分常见，如 footy、Frenchie、bikie 等。Oz 为其简称。

美國，加拿大，cot–caught 合併

美國，加拿大，cot–caught 合併

美國，加拿大，cot–caught 合併

美國，加拿大，cot–caught 合併

澳洲人。（特别指欧裔(盎格鲁-萨克森血统)白人）


cabdriver

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cabdriver.wav

同類詞：cabowner (有時為同一人)


cacciatore

/ˌkætʃ.əˈtɔːɹ.i/

/ˌkɑt͡ʃ.əˈtɔɹ.i/


cacodaemon

來自古希臘語 κακοδαίμων (kakodaímōn)，來自κακός (kakós，“壞的，邪惡的”) + δαίμων (daímōn，“神”)。

cacodemon (alternative)
cacodæmon (alternative)
cacodaemons (plural)


cacodemon

來自古希臘語 κακοδαίμων (kakodaímōn，“為邪靈所擁有的”)，來自κακός (kakós，“壞的”) + δαίμων (daímōn，“神”)。

cacodaemon (alternative)
cacodæmon (alternative)
cacodemons (plural)


cacoethes

借自拉丁語 cacoēthes，來自古希臘語 κακοήθης (kakoḗthēs)，來自κακός (kakós) + ἦθος (êthos)。


cadaver

最早記錄於1500年左右，借自拉丁語 cadāver。


cadi

qadi (“某些伊斯蘭國家的民事法官”)的另一種寫法

[…] look at these Christians closely, and you will abhor them. They are the worshippers of gold, not the followers of Alla. The poorest Mussulman has more hospitality than their Cadi; more charity than their Imans; more honesty than their Viziers.

1819，Henry Tudor Farmer，Imagination; the Maniac's Dream: And Other Poems，頁 157:


characters

/ˈkʰæɹəktɚz/


calligrapher

/kəˈlɪɡɹəfə(ɹ)/


calligraphy

:出自法语 calligraphie，出自古希腊语 καλλιγραφία (kalligraphía, "漂亮的书写")。 κάλλος (kállos, "漂亮") + γράφω (gráphō, "画画").

(不可数) 书法，笔法。

(可数) 美观的笔迹，墨宝。


chatelaine

/ˈʃætl̩ˌeɪn/


cheerio

/ˈtʃɪəɹ.i.əʊ/

/ˈt͡ʃɪəɹ.i.oʊ/

一種小香腸，在聚會上經常搭配番茄醬一起食用

The man who has gone around the cocktail circuit pounding cheerios to the end of time did not come in here and open his mouth once on the Bill.

1978，New Zealand. Parliament. House of Representatives，Parliamentary Debates，頁 4230:


campanula

借自跨語言 Campanula，來自拉丁語 campānula，campāna (“bell”)的指小詞。


chequebook

checkbook (alternative)
cheque book (alternative)
chequebooks (plural)


chesterfield

大型沙发椅的一种；靠背連扶手長沙發


canine tooth

因狗的犬齒特別突出而得名。


chinoiserie

/ʃiːnwɑːzəˈɹiː/


chlorophenol

/ˌklɔːɹəˈfiːnɒl/


choir

繼承自中古英語 quer，quere，來自古法語 quer，來自拉丁語 chorus，來自古希臘語 χορός (khorós)。chorus和hora 的同源對似詞。


cholecystitis

cholecystites (plural)
cholecystitides (plural)


choriamb

choriambus

强弱弱强的韻律，扬抑抑扬格。

强弱弱强的韻律，扬抑抑扬格。


carabao

/kæɹəˈbeɪəʊ/


caracal

借自法語 caracal，來自鄂圖曼土耳其語 قرهقولاق (kara-kulak，字面意思是“黑耳朵”)，仿譯自古典波斯語 سیاهگوش (siyāh-gōš)。對照現代土耳其語 karakulak。

/ˈkæ.ɹəˌkæl/

/ˈkæɹ.əˌkæl/

/ˈkɛɚ.əˌkæl/


cicero

源自其最早用於西塞羅作品 Epistulae ad Familiares（給我朋友的信件）的1467年羅馬印刷版（印刷者：Pannartz and Sweynheim）。

西塞羅，字體排印單位，可等分成 12 點，近似於4.51368 mm。


cingulum

(动物学) 动物身体或外壳上颜色分明的条带。


carnelian

來自cornelian，其紅色的外型，受到拉丁語 carneus (“多肉的”)的影響下，而被命名為此名稱。


carnivore

借自法語 carnivore，源自拉丁語 carnivorus。動物學義項則是由威廉·惠威爾在1840年造出，來自法語 carnivore（喬治·居維葉所造）。

/ˈkɑːɹ.nɪ.vɔɹ/

carnivoran

食肉目（Carnivora）下的哺乳動物

不是所有的肉食動物都屬於食肉目（比如食肉的鳥類和魚類），也不是所有的食肉目動物都是肉食性的（比如大熊貓）。為了避免這一容易混淆的情況，新詞 carnivoran 可以用來表示“屬於食肉目的動物”。

As juveniles the crocodiles are frequently predated by larger carnivores.

幼年鳄鱼经常被较大的食肉动物捕食。

食肉目（Carnivora）下的哺乳動物

The panda and the panther are both carnivores.

熊猫和黑豹都属于食肉目。

肉食性飲食習慣的追隨者 (即只食用动物性产品，如肉、蛋和奶制品)


citing

Authors frequently do not cite references that are more than three years old because manuscript referees often dismiss or devalue older citings.

2010, Samuel Totten, Jon E. Pedersen, Teaching and Studying Social Issues


civet

來自法語 civette，來自意大利語 zibetto，來自中世紀拉丁語 zibethum，來自阿拉伯語 زَبَاد (zabād)。

LEONATO. Indeed he looks younger than he did, by the loss of a beard.

1599, William Shakespeare, Much Ado About Nothing, Act 3 Scene 2

Your onely way to make a good pomander, is this. Take an ownce of the pureſt garden mould, clenſed and ſteeped ſeauen daies in change of motherleſſe roſe water, then take the beſt Labdanum, Benioine, both Storaxes, amber greece, and Ciuet, and muſke, incorporate them together, and work them into what form you pleaſe; this, if your breath bee not to valiant, will make you ſmell as ſweete as my Ladies dogge.

1607，[attributed to Thomas Tomkis]，Lingva: Or The Combat of the Tongue, and the Five Senses for Superiority. A Pleasant Comœdie.，London: Printed by G[eorge] Eld, for Simon Waterson, →OCLC, Act IV, scene iii:

指靈貓科（Viverridae）或相似的非洲椰子貓科（Nandiniidae）的動物。

斑臭鼬屬（Spilogale）動物。


cashmere

Cashmere (“喀什米爾”) 的普通名詞化。

喀什米爾山羊毛根部的細羊絨

開司米，喀什米爾山羊的羊毛織造的布料

a cashmere sweater

一種開司米織成的披肩，價格昂貴


catamaran

借自泰米爾語 கட்டுமரம் (kaṭṭumaram)，來自கட்டு (kaṭṭu，“繫”) + மரம் (maram，“樹，木頭”)。

音頻（加拿大口音，合成）

Swift over the seas the vessel drives; Madras appears in sight. The first object catching the eye, upon the anchor being cast, was an Indian upon his catamaran, who, making a sudden motion, sprung to the side of the ship, grappled there for a moment, and the next was on the deck.

1838，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，Duty and Inclination，卷 II, London: Henry Colburn，頁 218:

She meddles with my prescriptions for your wife; she doctors the infant in private: you'll never have a quiet house or a quiet wife as long as that old Catamaran is here.

1889，William Makepeace Thackeray，Hobson's Choice:

三塊木板綁在一起的木筏，中間木板較長，當作龍骨

Three or four strange-looking things now came close to our boat, which I understood were called ‘catamarans’, consisting of nothing more than two or three large trees, the trunk part only strongly lashed together, upon which sat two men nearly in a state of nature […] .

1808–10, William Hickey, Memoirs of a Georgian Rake, Folio Society 1995, p. 90:


cavalcade

借自法語 cavalcade，來自古法語 cavalcade，來自古意大利語 cavalcata。


cavitation

/ˌkævɪˈteɪʃən/


chadacryst

源自古希臘語 χανδάνω (khandánō，“包含”)（可能源自不定過去時詞根 {{lang|grc|χᾰ́δ-}） + crystal 的截斷形式，或者直接源自古希臘語 κρύσταλλος (krústallos)。

同類詞：oikocryst


chandelier

源自法語 chandelier，來自拉丁語 candelabrum，來自candela (“蠟燭”)。candelabrum 的同源對似詞，參見candle。

/ˌʃæn.dəˈlɪə(ɹ)/

wall

用於提高拍賣價格的虛構競標者

not the brightest bulb in the chandelier

She opened the drawing-room door in trepidation. Would she find Esther drowned with her head in the goldfish bowl, or hanged from the chandelier by her stay-lace?

1929, M. Barnard Eldershaw, A House Is Built, Chapter VII, Section vi

用於提高拍賣價格的虛構競標者

A mysterious phone bidder was grabbing the pieces that no one else wanted—Mensun suspected this was the auction house "bidding against the chandelier," protecting itself against selling too low.

2007, Frank Pope, "Dragon Sea: a true tale of treasure, archeology, and greed off the coast of Vietnam", Harcourt Books, p. 306.

用於支持臨時木柵欄的便攜式框架

Chandelier. A wooden frame, whereon are laid fascines or faggots, to cover the workmen in making approaches.

1747, James Boswell, The Scots Book, volume 9, p. 37. http://books.google.com/books?id=FVwAAAAAYAAJ&dq=chandelier%20is%20a%20wooden%20frame&pg=PA37#v=onepage&q=chandelier%20is%20a%20wooden%20frame&f=false

Europeans solved this problem by building a temporary fence with tightly bound sticks ("fascines") stacked into wooden frames ("chandeliers").

1994, Todd A. Shallat, Structures in the Stream: Water, Science, and the Rise of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, University of Texas Press, p. 32.


centiare

借自法語 centiare；等同於centi- (“百分之一”) + are (“公畝，100平方米”)。

centare (“平方米，平方公尺”)的另一種寫法


centime

借自法語 centime。centim、centimo、 和 santim 的同源對似詞。


centimetre

(英國、加拿大) 釐米，公分


centurion

借自拉丁語 centuriō, centuriōnis，來自centum (“一百”)。


centurium

來自元素編號100的位置。


cephalosporin

/kɛfələʊˈspɔəɹɪn/

Another important group of antibiotics, the cephalosporins, a class that includes more than twenty-five different drugs, are chemically distinct from the penicillins but act in the same way as cell wall inhibitors, as do vancomycin and bacitracin.

另一類重要抗生素「頭孢菌素」包含超過25種不同藥物，其化學結構與青黴素不同，但與萬古黴素和桿菌肽相同，均通過抑制細胞壁發揮作用。

2001，Leslie Iversen，Drugs: A Very Short Introduction，Oxford，頁 63:


cepheid

:出自希腊语Cepheus (希腊传说中Aethiopia的一位国王) + delta (拜耳命名法下星体的希腊字母编号)。
“Delta Cephei”(造父一星)是一颗亮度会变化的恒星。它的光度变化由内部变化引起，变化模式较规律，变化周期较短(约5天)。后衍生出的“cepheid”一词泛指亮度可变且亮度变化机理与造父一相似的恒星。“Delta Cephei”的发现者是自幼失聪且英年早逝的英国少年科学家约翰·古德利克(John Goodricke)。古德利克18岁时还曾在对另一类型变星“Algol”(“恶魔之星”,大陵五)的研究中提出了“食双星”理论。中文名“造父”是中国古代星官名。

(天文学) “造父一”型变光星，造父变星。


clairvoyance

千里眼，透视力，洞察力，超自然视觉。


clepsydra

:出自拉丁语 clepsydra ，出自古希腊语 κλεψύδρα (klepsúdra).。

klepsydra (alternative)
klepsudra (alternative)

漏壶，水时钟，滴水钟，水钟。


clinic

來自法語 clinique，來自晚期拉丁語 clīnicus (“臥病在床的人，臨終洗禮的人；醫生”)，來自古希臘語 κλῑνικός (klīnikós，“床的”)，來自κλῑ́νη (klī́nē，“床”)，來自κλῑ́νω (klī́nō，“傾斜”)。


confederation

/kənfɛdəˈɹeɪʃən/


cloaca

借自拉丁語 cloāca (“下水道”)，來自cluō (“潔淨”)。

The Thames, polluted with the filthy effusions of the cloacae.

泰晤士河被阴沟里流出的污秽物所污染。

After working an hour, I began to speculate on the distance one had to go before the cloaca was reached the chances we had of missing it altogether.

1898，H.G. Wells，The War of the Worlds，London: William Heinemann，頁 266:

In birds the rectum, at the termination of its canal, forms an oval or elongated pouch […] and then expands into a cavity, which has been named cloaca.

鸟类的直肠在其管道末端形成一个椭圆形或细长的囊 […] 然后扩展成一个腔体，被称为泄殖腔。

1822，John Mason Good，The Study of Medicine，卷 I，頁 7:

To every house […] a cloaca.

每家每户 […] 都有廁所。

1840，Frederick Marryat，章號 XXIV, in Olla Podrida:

Only think of that cloaca being supplied daily with such dainty bibliographical treasures!

1880，William Blades，The Enemies of Books，頁 55:

Across this shell [sc. of bone] small holes are eaten, by which the matter escapes, and which are called cloacae (Weidmann).

1846，Joseph François Malgaigne，譯者 Frederick Brittan, Manual of Operative Surgery，頁 172:


conflagration

/ˌkɒnfləˈɡɹeɪʃən/


congo

congou的另一種寫法：工夫茶


co-worker

coworker的另一種拼寫法。


conqueror

繼承自中古英語 conquerour，源自古法語 conquereor，源自 conquerre。字面上等同於 conquer + -or。

/ˈkɒŋˌkə.ɹə/

Croatia, England's World Cup semi-final conquerors in Moscow in July, looked set to inflict their curse once more and relegate Gareth Southgate's side from the elite group when Andrej Kramaric's twisting finish put them ahead via a deflection off Eric Dier after 57 minutes.

2018年November18日，Phil McNulty，“England 2 - 1 Croatia”, in BBC Sport:


consecration

/ˌkɒnsɪˈkɹeɪʃən/


considering

/kənˈsɪdəɹɪŋ/

This respite shook / The bosom of my conscience, enter'd me, / Yea, with a splitting power, and made to tremble / The region of my breast; which forced such way, / That many mazed considerings did throng / And press'd in with this caution.
#*:: 談判的暫時停頓使我良心深處受到很大的震動，好像一根鋒利的鐵杵刺進了我的胸膛，使我的一片心田爲之戰栗。這無異是對我的警告，我感到惶惑，千頭萬緒的考慮湧上心頭。

1613，威廉·莎士比亞《亨利八世》


cromlech

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-cromlech.wav


crore

借自印度斯坦語 करोड़ / کروڑ (karoṛ)。

crore 通常用於表示金額。

crore 的縮寫方式似乎沒有統一標準。印度媒體常用的縮寫包括 Cr、cr、Cr. 以及 cr.，但大多數情況下仍然以完整形式拼寫。

Following the ban, the government stands to lose ₹30 crore annually, sources said.

消息來源稱，禁令實施後，政府每年將損失三億盧比。

The population of Gujarat is 3.39 crores.

古吉拉特的人口為三千三百九十萬。


crosshair

I'm just a crosshair / I'm just a shot away from you

2004，Franz Ferdinand (band) （作曲作詞）, “Take Me Out”, in Franz Ferdinand:


cocky

cockatoo（凤头鹦鹉）的缩写，特别是谈到这种鸟的时候，如“hello cocky”。

（澳大利亚）（白话） 农民。


cocoanut

椰子（coconut的舊拼法）。


crybaby

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-crybaby.wav


coelacanth

來自新拉丁語屬名Coelacanthus，來自古希臘語 κοῖλος (koîlos，“空心”) + ἄκανθα (ákantha，“脊”)，指的是1839年路易·阿加西發現的化石標本尾鰭呈空心射線。

cœlacanth (alternative)
coelacanths (plural)

Among them were ancient relatives of the piranhas and those popular aquarium fish the tetras, along with garfish and freshwater coelacanths, known as mawsonids.

2018，Tim Flannery，Europe: A Natural History，頁 32:


contraindication

/ˌkɒntɹəɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/


coenurus

源自新拉丁語，源自古希臘語 κοινός (koinós，“共同的”) + οὐρά (ourá，“尾巴”) + -ος (-os，名詞後綴)。


cogeneration

(电和热)共同生产；热电联产

The book project is part of a larger effort by Future Earth to build mechanisms for cogeneration of knowledge […]

2018，Thomas Elmqvist，The Urban Planet: Knowledge Towards Sustainable Cities，頁 xxix:


cucaracha

源自西班牙語 cucaracha (“蟑螂”)。cockroach 的同源對似詞。


cognomen

借自拉丁語 cognōmen。


cohabitant

Even the discoveries, in the past several decades, that cats carry a parasite that could contribute to schizophrenia, and that outdoor cats wreak ecological disaster, haven’t budged a curiously imbalanced relationship with this furry companion—or maybe cohabitant is more accurate.

2016年November13日，Britt Peterson，“The Case Against Cats”, in The Atlantic:


cult

Two former cult members explain the difficulties they had extricating themselves from it.

"Screw cults' views!" shouted the counterprotestors repeatedly.

Werner Erhard's highly successful est cult is partly derived from Scientology. Erhard had some experience with Scientology in 1969. Then he worked for a while in Mind Dynamics, itself an offshoot of Jose Silva's Mind Control.

1985，Rodney Stark，Religious movements: Genesis, Exodus, and Numbers，Paragon House Publishers, →ISBN，頁 167:

There are scores of modern religious cults and sects that have been influenced by Hinduism to varying degrees. Werner Erhard, founder of 'Landmark Education's 'The Forum',' and 'est' seminars, which have about 700,000 graduates, was influenced by Hinduism through Swami Muktananda, one of Erhard's principal gurus.

1996，John Ankerberg, John Weldon，Encyclopedia of New Age Beliefs，Harvest House Publishers, →ISBN，頁 216:

Outsiders often criticize the extreme commitment of group members. But what is really happening is that leader and followers are conspiring to realize a vision that is falsified daily. For the cult is not paradise, and the leader is not God. Hence the follower is embattled; to squarely confront the many failings of the leader and the group is to call into question one's own great work. Only by daily recommitting himself can the follower continue to work toward his ultimate goal. Each follower works out a secret compromise, acknowledging some things while denying or distorting others. Clearly this is a high-risk strategy that may go awry.

1997，Len Oakes，“Followers and Their Quest”, in Prophetic charisma: The Psychology of Prophetic Charisma，Syracuse University Press, →ISBN，頁 137:

The difference between a cult and an established religion is sometimes about one generation.

1998年June17日，Scott McLemee，“Rethinking Jonestown”, in Salon.com:

If Jones' People's Temple wasn't a cult, then the term has no meaning.

Another potent element of the new cult milieu was the therapy sect, which offered believers the chance to achieve their full human potential through personal growth and self-actualization by taking total responsibility for one's actions. The prototypical movement of this kind was est (Erhard Seminar Training), in which intense and often grueling sessions forced followers to confront a new view of reality.

2000，Philip Jenkins，Mystics and Messiahs : Cults and New Religions in American History，London: Oxford University Press, →ISBN，頁 180:

He sounds like a cult leader about to demand his followers drink poison. And it frankly doesn’t help that he looks like Jim Jones to a genuinely creepy degree.

2016年November6日，“Multilevel Marketing”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver，季数 3, 集数 29, John Oliver (actor), 經由 HBO:

Marc Andreessen, a venture capitalist who has become one of Silicon Valley's most outspoken opponents of regulation, has described people who warn of existential risks from AI as a cult, no different from other millenarian movements that warn of impending social disasters.

2023年November25日，Richard Waters, John Thornhill，引 Marc Andreessen, “Tech's philosophical rift over AI”, in FT Weekend, Big Read，頁 6:


coition

/kəʊˈɪʃ(ə)n/


cupcake

Whatever else this cupcake might be up to, she was no piker.

不管這個小甜心還想幹什麼，她都不是個膽小鬼。

2006，Thomas Pynchon，Against the Day，Vintage, 出版於 2007，頁 604:

“Listen, cupcake,” Cash tried to soothe. “Sometimes when grownups get mad, they say things they don't mean. I'm sure your mother—”

「聽著，小甜心，」卡許試圖安撫她。「有時候大人生氣的時候，會說出一些他們本意不想說的話。我相信你的媽媽——」


currency

借自中世紀拉丁語 currentia，來自拉丁語 currēns，來自currō。字面上等同於 current + -cy。


collaborator

/kəˈlæbəɹeɪtɚ/

/kəˈlæbəɹeɪtə/

team player

合作者；為共同目標而一起做事的人

colaborer

合作者；為共同目標而一起做事的人

colabourer

合作者；為共同目標而一起做事的人

合作者；為共同目標而一起做事的人


cutter

a stone cutter; a die cutter

In some CNC programs, the diameter of the cutter (such as an end mill) is handled by cutter compensation codes.

在某些 CNC 程序中，刀具（例如立铣刀）的直径由刀具补偿代码处理。

The intervening years, however, were spent as a cutter. He was, indeed, one of the best film editors in the business, winning an Academy Award for Body and Soul (1947).

Chico Pacheco kept repeating the phrase between clenched teeth, lamenting the wasted days of his youth; he had been a notorious cutter of classes.

1988, Jorge Amado, Home is the Sailor (page 55)

用於執行公務的重型摩托艇

a coastguard cutter

因被切擊而在空中斜向移動，或離開球場的球

十便士的硬幣，因監獄囚犯常將其磨尖作武器而得名

通過割傷身體來進行自殘的人

After I got out of the mental institution I was looking at t.v. show I was looking it a teenage girl who was a cutter her arm look just like my arm.

2013，Leona Davis，Past, Future, and End，FriesenPress，頁 33:

肉質很差的肉（幾乎沒有外部脂肪，也不是肥瘦相間的肉）

同類詞：canner、darkcutter

Bulls and cows used for breeding, when finally sent to market, are inferior for dressed-beef production. Bulls are demanded especially for sausage and similar products. Cows are largely used as cutters and canners […]

1905, United States. Bureau of Corporations, Report of the Commissioner of Corporations on the Beef Industry (page 89)

在票據上劃去已支付金額的財政官員

So being outlaw'd (as 'tis told), / He with a crew went forth / Of lusty cutters, bold and strong, / And robbed in the north.

Martin Parker, A True Tale of Robin Hood

He's out of cash, and thou know'st by cutter's law, / We are bound to relieve one another.

1633, A Match at Midnight (disputed authorship)

一種質軟的黃磚，容易切割，常用於外牆

Throughout much of the winter, the sled or the cutter was the vehicle of choice. Emily and Joseph had a cutter, for traveling in style in snow.

2007, Carrie A. Meyer, Days on the Family Farm, U of Minnesota Press, page 55 http://books.google.com/books?id=IaJGWqZk7fYC&pg=RA1-PA55&dq=cutter+snow+horse:

遮光用的旗幟或類似的工具

Flags and other cutters allow the DP or gaffer to throw large controlled shadows on parts of the scene.

2012, John Jackman, Lighting for Digital Video and Television (page 86)

Late night, take a flow, tryna find the rats
Twelve inch cutter in and out, then Imma ride them back

2017年July25日，Farley （作曲作詞）, “Out Here”，0:42–0:47:

Hop out the ride with things and stuff
Back the longest cutter, watch him cut him, [grate their neek trips?] up

2021年August16日，(Mali Strip) Killa Kurse x AR x Rondo （作曲作詞）, “Buck aii LGR diss”，1:23–1:28:

[…] swing my cutter
Get man down if he is on my brother

2021年November29日，KMulla （作曲作詞）, “Mutual Feeling”，1:24–1:27:


coronation

/kɒɹəˈneɪʃn̩/

/ˌkɔɹəˈneɪʃ(ə)n/


comicality

In this, his forte, he has been less put forward than could have been desired; but when he did appear, his comicalities were infinite, and never failed to convulse the audience with laughter.

1822, The New Monthly Magazine and Literary Journal (page 249)


Corsican

/ˈkɔːɹsɪkən/


commentator

ethnopolitical commentator


cosecant

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cosecant.wav


coumarin

來自coumarou (“tonka bean, Dipteryx odorata (syn. Coumarouna odorata)”) + -in。


countermine

反地雷地雷（用來攔截敵方地雷或隧道的地雷）

Normally the threat would have been dealt with by means of a counter-mine, but the tunnel was now far too close for that.

1990，Peter Hopkirk，The Great Game，Folio Society, 出版於 2010，頁 436:

反地道（為了攔截和破壞敵人的挖掘而開鑿的地道）

對抗計畫（挫敗另一個計謀或計劃的計策）

Thinking himself contemned, knowing no countermine against contempt but terror.

a. 1587，Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney]，“(please specify the page number)”, in The Covntesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia]，London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, 出版於 1590, →OCLC; republished in The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia (Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney; I)，Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1912, →OCLC:


composition

/ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/


courtroom

Dave: Livin’ the litigation life, ya gotta catch that courtroom rhythm.

2022年July11日，Toontown: Corporate Clash Development Team，Backstage Corporate Clash: Cog Building Music:


cowgirl

(多指美國西部的) 放牧的女性，女牛仔、女牧工，牛妞


coyote

借自西班牙語 coyote，來自納瓦語族語言，來自原始納瓦語 *koyootl。對照欽諾克混合語 ki-o-tī。

Near Rio Frio we shot several handsome birds, and saw a cayjotte, or wild dog, which in size nearly approached the wolf.

在里約弗里奧附近，我們打中了幾隻漂亮的鳥兒，還看到了一條郊狼，或者叫野狗，牠的體型和狼很接近。

1824，William Bullock，Six Months' Residence and Travels in Mexico [在墨西哥的六個月居住和旅行]，頁 119:

從拉丁美洲跨越陸地邊界進入美國的非法移民

Jorge’s father had pawned his last four goats for $2,000 to help pay for their transit, another loan the family would have to repay at 100 percent interest. The coyote called at 10 p.m. — they would go that night.

豪尔赫的父亲将他手上的最后四头山羊典当换来了2000美元，以支付他们的交通费用，这是他们一家必须以100%的利息偿还的另一笔贷款。晚上10点，偷渡者打来电话——他们当晚就会出发。

2020年July23日，Abrahm Lustgarten，“The Great Climate Migration [大气候迁徙]”, in New York Times:


craft

技巧、手腕、技术、技能、手艺

船、飞机、飛船、太空機、探测器這一類的載具。


condemnation

繼承自中古英語 condempnacioun，來自拉丁語 condemnātiō, condemnātiōnem。


crap

排泄物(可能具有侵犯性)


Cree

音譯自加拿大法語 Cris，Christinaux的簡稱，來自早期阿爾岡昆語 Kirishtinó或克里語 Kenisteniwuik。


daimon

古希臘語 δαίμων (daímōn，“dispenser, tutelary deity”) 的現代羅馬化，以將其古希臘意義與後來的概念 demons 區分開來。

demon之同義詞，特別是： 守護一個人或一個地方的神祇

All at once, my daimōn—that other Me over whom I button my waistcoat when I button it over my own person—put it into my head to look up the story of Madame Saqui.

1890 January，Oliver Wendell Holmes [Sr.]，“Over the Teacups”, in The Atlantic Monthly: A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art, and Politics，卷 LXV, 期 CCCLXXXVII, Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company; The Riverside Press, Cambridge, →OCLC，頁 121:

The object which first appears is adopted as the personal mystery, guardian spirit, or tutelary daimon of the entranced, and is never mentioned by him without first making a sacrifice.

1891，W[alter] J[ames] Hoffman，The Mide’wiwin or “Grand Medicine Society” of the Ojibwa，Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC，頁 163:

Marcus Aurelius is persuaded that God gives every man a special daimon as his guide – a belief which reappears in the Christian guardian angel.

1945，Bertrand Russell，A History of Western Philosophy: And its Connection with Political and Social Circumstances from the Earliest Times to the Present Day，New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →OCLC, book I, chapter 27:

He will release his pent-up rage and fear no evil, for his genius is with him, and his daimon bids him violate all the taboos of the literary marketplace.

1960，Charles I. Glicksberg，“Norman Mailer: The Angry Young Novelist in America”, in Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature，卷 1, 期 1, Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, →OCLC:


deaeration

/diːeəˈɹeɪʃən/


dealership

I visited the car dealership today.

我今天参观了汽车经销店。


dean

大教堂或大学附属教会的司祭长; 副主教; 院长; 训导长


database

英國，愛爾蘭，新西蘭，澳大利亞，美國

英國，新西蘭，澳大利亞，南非


decal

But your flag decal won't get you Into Heaven any more. / They're already overcrowded From your dirty little war.

1971，John Prine （作曲作詞）, “Your Flag Decal Won't Get You Into Heaven Anymore”, in John Prine:


dechlorination

/diːklɔːɹɪˈneɪʃən/

從分子中去除氯原子的反應


decidua

來自拉丁語 dēciduus (“falling down or off”)，來自dēcidō (“墜落”)。


denomination

/dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/


decorum

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 decōrum。


decrescendo

/diːˌkɹɛˈʃɛndəʊ/


dedicatee

In 1949, having fallen in with some petty criminals, he was arrested for harboring stolen goods and subsequently committed to the New York State Psychiatric Institute, where he met the future dedicatee of "Howl," Carl Solomon.

2009年January11日，James Campbell，“Howls”, in New York Times:


dedication

/ˌdɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/


dependable

But Datsyuk’s return rejuvenated the old dependables like Rafalski, Lidstrom and Marian Hossa, who consistently outshone Malkin and Crosby.

2009年June7日，Jeff Z. Klein，“At Full Strength, Red Wings Dominate”, in New York Times:


dependency

engineered dependency


deportation

/diːˌpɔːˈteɪʃən/


defenestration

來自新拉丁語 defenestratio，來自dē (“自；外”) + fenestra (“窗戶”) + -atio (表示動作或過程的後綴)；對照中古法語 défenestrer (現代法語 défenestrer)、défenestration、意大利語 defenestrazione、德語 Fenstersturz。動詞defenestrate是後來形成的。

把人拋出窗外 （自西元17世紀）

The "Defenestration" at Prague (A.D. 1618). [...] The imperial Austrian Councillors are thrown out of the window of the castle of Hradschin by the enraged Bohemian Deputies [...]

1905，The Great Events by Famous Historians; a Comprehensive and Readable Account of the World’s History, […]，卷s XI (A.D. 1609–1660), New York, N.Y.: National Alumni, →OCLC，頁s 62–75:

The Third Defenestration of Prague occurred on 10 March 1948. During the closing stages of the communist takeover in Czechoslovakia, Jan Masaryk, the popular foreign minister and son of Tomáš Masaryk, fell – or more likely was pushed – out of a window.

1996，Adrian [G. V.] Hyde-Price，“East Central Europe: A Brief History”, in The International Politics of East Central Europe，Manchester, New York, N.Y.: Manchester University Press, →ISBN, footnote 41，頁 40:

On September 11, 2001 when NYC's Twin Towers were impacted [...] some occupants trapped above the inferno facing certain death instead jumped from windows to their certain death (self defenestration).

2004，Paul Dehn Carleton，“Notes and References”, in Concepts: A ProtoTheist Quest for Science-minded Skeptics of Catholic, and Other Christian, Jewish & Muslim Backgrounds，Pontiac, Mich.: Carleton House, →ISBN, footnote 15，頁 359:

高調地將某人從組織中除名

Be that as it may, his defenestration was coldly abrupt, and in his place, the Football Association resurrected a veteran manager and former England star in Joe Mercer for seven games.

With Rishi Sunak and Sajid Javid gone from the cabinet, it could all be over for Boris Johnson – although quite how long it will take his enemies to finish him off is not at all clear and his defenestration does not look immediate.

2022年July5日，Andrew Sparrow，“As Sunak and Javid quit cabinet, is it all over for Boris Johnson?”, in The Guardian:

將微軟視窗操作系統從計算機中移除，以安裝替代系統的行為

Defenestration might be an option too. May I recommend Linux?

1998年November1日，“Dorian Bliss”，“He’s dead, Jim”, in rec.humor.oracle.d (Usenet), message-ID <363DA726.C27FA5F@spamfree.land>:

It's defenestration day in Redmond today. A clearly stunned Microsoft did what it could to pretend that Judge Jackson's findings of fact were "just one step", as [Bill] Gates put said in the prepared statement that he read at a press conference last night, but it was hopeless.

1999年November6日，Graham Lea，“Stunned MS vows to fight on for freedom: ‘Integrity, partnership, quality … giving’ – (takes out onion)”, in The Register，存檔自the original on 2014-08-19:

No defenestration here. Ask questions about all aspects of Windows programming, get help on Microsoft technologies covered in Apress books, or provide feedback on any Apress Windows book.

2002，John Kilburn，Palm Programming in Basic，Berkeley, Calif.: Apress, →ISBN，頁 392:

What's needed is defenestration – throwing out the Windows mindset along with Microsoft's licenses and software – but that's not as simple as changing a boot CD or even migrating a whole raft of servers. What's involved is fundamental change both in how IT operates and in what it does.

2004年February12日，Paul Murphy，“What does Linux cost?”, in LinuxInsider: Linux News & Information from around the World，存檔自the original on 2016-03-11:

Traditionally, the verb defenestrate means to throw out of a window. But as Australian companies take their first timid steps towards installing non-proprietary software on corporate desktops, defenestration is starting to be linked to the throwing out of Windows software.

2005年December1日，D. Braue，P. Gray，L. Colquhoun，J.-V. Douglas，“Leaders of the pack”, in MIS Asia: Managing Information Strategies，存檔自the original on 2007-10-07:


despairing

/dɪˈspɛəɹ.ɪŋ/


destroyer

/dəˈstɹɔɪ.ɚ/


deterioration

源自法語 détérioration；在詞法上為deteriorate + -ion。

/dɪˌtɪəɹɪəˈɹeɪʃən/

/dɪˌtɪəɹɪˈeɪʃən/

The Queen may be celebrating her jubilee but the Queen's English Society, which has railed against the misuse and deterioration of the English language, is to fold.

2012年June4日，Lewis Smith，“Queen’s English Society says enuf is enough, innit?: Society formed 40 years ago to protect language against poor spelling and grammar closes because too few people care”, in The Guardian，London，存檔自the original on 2016-03-10:

"The quantum sensors will provide highly accurate measurements that will help to detect the rate of change of the track and subsequently, any deteriorations which might lead to faults."

2020年November18日，“Network News: Researchers team up on navigation data system”, in Rail，頁 23:


dispersal

For a time, Okeh picked up the disk for national dispersal.

1990，Wayne Jancik，The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders, →ISBN，頁 145:

Plant breeding is always a numbers game.[…]The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, […]. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better. These rarities may be new mutations, or they can be existing ones that are neutral—or are even selected against—in a wild population. A good example is mutations that disrupt seed dispersal, leaving the seeds on the heads long after they are ripe.

2013 May-June，David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan，“Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist，卷 101, 期 3:

Problems of control in dispersals and in other prisons necessarily instigated a multiplicity of working theories to explain the difficulties […]

2012，D. Drake，Prisons, Punishment and the Pursuit of Security:


dissent

A system that suppresses dissent is fault-intolerant, ignorant and fragile.

2013年June28日，Charles Hugh Smith，Why Centralization Leads to Collapse:


dissimulation

繼承自中古英語 dissimulacioun，來自古法語 dissimulation，來自拉丁語 dissimulātiō；等同於dissimule + -ation。

Perhaps it was best to tell Ethel at once: if ever she went into society at all, she would inevitably hear of it, and her own concealment would have the appearance of a dissimulation,—the furthest from her thoughts.

1837，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Ethel Churchill，卷 2，頁 233:


dissolvent

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dissolvent.wav

For, that the ordure, which continually gathers on the skin, would ſoon ſtop the pores of it, if the ſweat were not furniſht with ſome efficacious diſſolvent to open and pierce them.

因为，如果汗液中没有某种有效的溶剂来打开和穿透毛孔，那么不断聚集在皮肤上的污物很快就会堵塞毛孔。

1669年August26日，“[An Accompt of Some Books.] III. Ottonis Tachenii Hippocrates Chymicus. Venetiis in 12º.”, in Philosophical Transactions: Giving Some Accompt of the Present Undertakings, Studies and Labours of the Ingenious in Many Considerable Parts of the World，卷 IV, 期 50, London: Printed by T. N. for John Martyn […] , printer to the Royal Society, 出版於 1670, →OCLC，頁s 1019–1020:


dividend

股利，一家公司對其公司持有人的利潤分配。


divination

/ˌdɪvɨˈneɪʃən/

The Neo-Platonic Theory of Divination


dictum

借自拉丁語 dictum。dict 的同源對似詞。


didact

派生自古希臘語 διδακτός (didaktós)。


didymium

來自古希臘語 δίδυμος (dídumos，“雙胞胎”) + -ium。


dodgem

What better way to let off a little steam, than by zipping around on the dodgems, or flying high on the Cosmic Typhoon roller coaster?

還有什麼方式比開著碰碰車四處飛馳，或坐上“宇宙颱風”過山車衝上雲霄更能讓人放鬆發洩呢？

2007年December19日，“Special Offer”, in North Devon Gazette，UK:


doge

源自威尼斯語或意大利語 doge ← 拉丁語 ducem，dux (“領導者；王公”)的賓格形式。


doodle

:出自德语 dudeln ("吹奏风笛")，或 dudel ("风笛")，出自捷克语/波兰语 dudy ("风笛")。也与 dawdle 一词有联系。
该词在17世纪时第1次出现，意为“傻子”。德语变体包括“Dudeltopf”、“Dudentopf”、“Dudenkopf”、“Dude”和“Dödel”等。美式英语“dude”一词可能也源于“doodle”。
该词“傻子”的含义也见于美国独立战争以前流传于美洲英国殖民军队中的一首名为《美国仔犯糊涂/美国佬爱忽悠》("Yankee Doodle")的歌曲。该词也由此延伸出动词含义“犯傻，欺骗”。大约在19世纪30年代左右，该词衍伸出了“懒惰，浪费时间”之意。也可能是借用了“dawdle”一词的含义。


doublethink

The stars can be near or distant, according as we need them. Do you suppose our mathematicians are unequal to that? Have you forgotten doublethink?

1949年June8日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，章號 3, in 《一九八四》，倫敦: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC; 再版 [澳大利亞]: 澳大利亞古騰堡計劃, 2001年8月, part 3，頁 242:

Any effort by the United States to halt these creeping advances of Communist imperialism became, by the same mad process of double-think, the only kind of "intervention" there ever could be.

1965年May11日，William S. White，“Doctrine of Nonintervention Comes Cropper In Dominica”, in The Morning Record，Meriden-Wallingford, Connecticut，頁 4:

Or does the hypocrisy and doublethink go beyond a loathing of the human body and an acceptance of violence to a very practical fear that such a club in a predominantly middle-class Caucasian neighborhood will drive down property values?

1992年March5日，Sylvain Fribourg，“The Agony of the Extasy [Letter to the Editor]”, in Los Angeles Times:

The same sort of doublethink is evident in the White House’s treatment of firsthand impeachment witnesses.

2019年December2日，Eric Lutz，“Trump Lawyer Cites No Due Process as Reason to Sit Out Due Process”, in Vanity Fair:


dovetail

鴿子尾巴
榫頭
類似燕尾榫的線
名詞衍生自dove + tail。動詞衍生自名詞。

dovetails (plural)
dove-tail (alternative)
dufftail (alternative)

Beſides this, another fine Starfiſh came to my Hands, […] Its body hath ten corners, and it hath a Star above vvith as many Rays; each of theſe one may compare unto a Sail of the VVindmills that the Children run againſt the VVind vvithal, or to a piece of ſuch Croſſes that are broad before, and narrovv vvhere they meet together; that is to ſay, of the ſhape of a Dove-tail: […]

1694，John Narborough, Jasmen Tasman [i.e., Abel Tasman], John Wood, Frederick Marten [i.e., Friedrich Martens]，“[The Voyage into Spitzbergen and Greenland] Of the Crustaceous Fish that I Observed”, in An Account of Several Late Voyages & Discoveries to the South and North. […]，London: […] Sam[uel] Smith and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, 4th part, section V (Of the Star-fish)，頁s 118–119:

With a warding file cut a dovetail on each of the ends to be joined, as shown by Fig. 1.

1900，“Brazing Keys”, in Cassell’s Cyclopædia of Mechanics […] (First Series)，London, Paris: Cassell and Company, […], →OCLC，頁 311，列 1:

After marking out the pins on the drawer sides, we proceed with the next operation, that is, sawing the dovetails ready for chopping out the waste material.

[1921]，[William Fairham]，“The Dovetail Joint”, in Woodwork Joints: How They are Set Out, How Made and Where Used; […]，Philadelphia, Pa., London: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC，頁 123:

DOVETAIL joints, well known for their strength, have long been used in fine cabinet work. Nowadays they are frequently displaced by other types of joints that are easier to make with power tools, but where a self-locking joint is needed for use without glue, the dovetail is unsurpassed.

1944 April，Edwin M. Love，“Handmade Dovetails”, in The Popular Science Monthly，卷 144, 號 4, New York, N.Y.: Popular Science Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 151，列 1:

I ſhall add other tvvo Forms of Lines, […] The firſt of theſe tvvo is termed Patee, or Dove-Tail, from a Form of Art uſed by Joiners, vvho make Joints one into the other by that Name: […]

1722，Alexander Nisbet，“Of the Points and Parts of the Shield; and Forms of Lines, which Divide the Shield into Several Parts”, in A System of Heraldry Speculative and Practical: […]，Edinburgh: […] J. MackEuen, →OCLC，頁 23:

ASSEMBLEE, [in Heraldry,] a Dovetail or more to hold the tvvo Parts of the Eſcutcheon together, vvhere the Partition Line is, being countercharged, is ſome of the Metal and ſome of the Colour of the Eſcutcheon.

1736，John Harris，“ASSEMBLEE”, in Lexicon Technicum: Or, An Universal English Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: […]，第5th版, 卷 I, London: […] J. Walthoe, […], →OCLC，列 2:


dragonfly

dragon-fly (alternative)
dragonflies (plural)

/ˈdɹæɡənˌflaɪ/

The delicate coloured Dragon Flies may have likewise some Corrosive quality.


dirigible

來自法語 dirigeable，來自ballon dirigeable (“可操控的氣球”)。

/ˈdɪɹɪdʒəbəɫ/

People had time to think up some questions, including reporters who shouted “Are you going to shoot down the balloon?” at President Biden shortly before the dirigible came down.

2023年February4日，Katie Rogers，“Look! Up in the Sky! It’s a … Chinese Spy Balloon?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


duty

來自中古英語 duete，中古英語 dewe + 中古英語 -te（借自古法語 -te，來自拉丁語 -tātem，-tās的賓格陽性單數）。類似於due + -ty（-ity的另一種寫法）。

We don't have a duty to keep you here.

我們沒有義務把你留在這裡。

I’m on duty from 6 pm to 6 am.

我從下午6點到早上6點值班。

關稅；消費稅

Take that which is thy duty, and goo thy waye.
#*:: 拿你的走吧！

1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Matthew XX:

my duty to you

1599，William Shakespeare，“The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

It [the letter] was written with a plain, unaffected, homely piety that I knew to be genuine, and ended with ‘my duty to my ever darling’—meaning myself.

滿信都是她那質樸的天真和毫不嬌飾的懇切，我深知這都發自她內心；信的結尾語是“問我永遠珍愛的好”——這是說的我。

1849 May – 1850 November，Charles Dickens，The Personal History of David Copperfield，London: Bradbury & Evans, […], 出版於 1850, →OCLC:

發動機的效率，尤用於蒸汽抽水機。以一定數量的燃料所做的功來衡量，通常是指1蒲式耳（舊制94磅）或1公噸（英制112磅，美制100磅）煤能夠提升多少磅水到1英尺高。


drawing

/ˈdɹɑ.ɪŋ(ɡ)/

/ˈdɹɔɹɪŋ(ɡ)/


drudgery

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-drudgery.wav


duckweed

來自duck + weed。據說是因常被鴨子或水禽食用而得名。對照中古英語 dokemete (字面意思是“鴨子食物”)。

But his face was a face of such happiness that, had you seen it, you would have understood indeed how that he had died happy, never knowing that cool and streaming silver for the duckweed in the pond.


duiker

借自南非語 duiker (字面意思是“潛水者”)，源自荷蘭語 duiker，源自中古荷蘭語 dukere。

Next day she rose early, and went out with the gun and killed a duiker on the edge of the Big Tobacco Land (where her father had grown tobacco during his season's phase of believing in it).

1952，Doris Lessing，Martha Quest，Panther, 出版於 1974，頁 65:


dukedom

源自近代中古英語 dukdom、dukedom；等價於 duke + -dom。


exorcism

源自古法語 exorciser，源自晚期拉丁語 exorcizō，源自古希臘語 ἐξορκίζω (exorkízō，“赶走恶灵；以誓言约束”)，源自ἐξ (ex) + ὅρκος (hórkos)。


exordium

借自拉丁語 exōrdium。

/ɛɡˈzɔːdɪəm/

/ɛɡˈzɔɹdɪəm/


enfleurage

/ˌɑ̃.fluˈɹɑʒ/

‘Thereʼs a man in Somerset who claims heʼs invented a method of enfleurage that requires no alcohol.’

2002，Michel Faber，The Crimson Petal and the White，Canongate Books (2010)，頁 652:

The perfumes of plants like jasmine could only be extracted by enfleurage, as other methods of the time would denature the scents.


enforcement

inforcement (alternative)
enforcements (plural)

強制、約束、賦予力量、權威之事物；施加之力。


engineering

/ˌɛn.d͡ʒɪˈnɪə.ɹɪŋ/

One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. Isolating a city’s effluent and shipping it away in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.

2014年June14日，“It's a gas”, in The Economist，卷 411, 期 8891:

控制物理對象移動、形狀、和/或物質的行為


ennead

來自古希臘語 ἐννεάς (enneás)、ἐννεάδος (enneádos，“九人的身體”) + -ad (指定單位的後綴)；可分析為ennea- + -ad。希臘語詞彙ἐννεάς和ἐννεάδος衍生自ἐννέᾰ (ennéă，“九”) (源頭來自原始印歐語 *h₁néwn̥ (“九”)) + -ᾰ́ς (-ắs，由數字構成抽象名詞的後綴)或-ος (-os)。

The ennead, according to the Pythagoreans, circulates all numbers within itself, and there can be no number beyond it. For the natural progression of numbers is as far as to 9, but after it their retrogression takes place. For 10 becomes as it were again the monad. […] Hence it is not possible there should be any elementary number beyond the ennead.

1816，Proclus，章號 XXXI, in Thomas Taylor（譯者）, The Six Books of Proclus the Platonic Successor, on the Theology of Plato, Translated from the Greek; […] Two Volumes，卷 II, London: Printed for the author, by A[braham] J[ohn] Valpy, […], →OCLC, footnote 1，頁 211:

[T]he ennead is subtracted for this cause, because the three hundred and sixty parts of the entire [circle] consist of enneads, and for this reason the four regions of the world are circumscribed by ninety perfect parts.

1868，Hippolytus, J[ohn] H[enry] MacMahon，章號 XLIII, in The Refutation of All Heresies, […] (Ante-Nicene Christian Library: […]; VI (Hippolytus, Bishop of Rome. Vol. I.))，Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, […]; London: Hamilton & Co.; Dublin: John Robertson & Co., →OCLC, book IV (Of the Refutation of All Heresies)，頁 111:

任何包含九個物體的組合或系統

We may assert with confidence that no cycle of this kind, and of equal antiquity or even of inferior antiquity, is the actual existence better attested or more thoroughly authenticated than that of this octaëteris of Philammon of Delphi, or, as we may truly call it, this original Pythian ennead of primitive Hellas.

1852，Edward Greswell，“On the Lunar in Contradistinction to the Solar Modifications of the Primitive Calendar”, in Fasti Temporis Catholici and Origines Kalendariæ. … In Four Volumes，卷 I, Oxford: At the Oxford University Press, →OCLC, section V (The Octaëteris)，頁s 566–567:

The exquisite language of the prophecy of Isaiah, especially in its last three enneads, may have had a nearer primary reference to, and a nearer fulfilment in, the return of the exiles under Zerubbabel, and Ezra, and Nehemiah; […]

1882，The Church Quarterly Review，卷 XIII, London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, →OCLC，頁 172:

At one time one god was a greater favourite with the nation than another, and the cult of the god or gods which the old Babylonians preferred in the early days of their empire frequently fell into disuse and neglect in after times. The most important ennead among the Babylonians was as follows:— […]

1884，E[rnest] A[lfred] Wallis Budge，“The Babylonian Religion”, in Babylonian Life and History (By-paths of Bible Knowledge; V)，London: Religious Tract Society, […], →OCLC，頁s 127–128:


edging

構成或標記物體邊緣的東西

The decorative edging around the door makes it easier to find in the dark.

门周围的装饰性边缘使人能在黑暗中更容易找到它。

A means was found, for example, of fitting rubber edging to the doors and still retaining the handle and door lock.

例如，找到一种方法，给门安装上橡胶边缘，同时仍保留把手和门锁。

1951 March，“Reconstruction of London Transport Rolling Stock”, in Railway Magazine，頁 160:

將登山鞋的邊緣放在尖銳支撐點上的技術

給物體（如金屬片）的邊緣打磨、塑形


enteritis

enteritides (plural)
enteritises (plural)

腸道（通常是小腸）炎症，可能導致腹瀉。


eidolon

派生自古希臘語 εἴδωλον (eídōlon)。


eigenfrequency

特徵頻率：自然頻率的別名


eightieth

繼承自中古英語 eiȝtetithe、eiȝtithe；等價於 eighty + -eth。


entourage

/ˈɒn.tʊ.ɹɑːʒ/

/ˈɑ̃ː.tʊ.ɹɑːʒ/

/ˈɑn.tə.ɹɑʒ/


environmental

與硬體運行的物理環境有關的任何因素

The process to enable migration from the vendor-supplied configuration to a new architecture depends on many system environmentals.

2014，Kenneth Barrett, Stephen Norris，Running Mainframe z on Distributed Platforms，頁 136:


environmentalism

The first is that the present work in no sense represents a relapse toward the old environmentalism which believed it could find the causes of culture in environment.

1939，Alfred L. Kroeber，“Objectives”, in Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America，出版於 1963，頁 1:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:environmentalism。

環境保護主義的運動或意識形態

The need for environmentalisms engaged with the commons rather than relegated to the individual consumer or tied to the middle-class principles of private property.

2018，Nicole Seymour，Bad Environmentalism，頁 196:


environmentalist

tree hugger

主要用於澳洲和新西蘭、俚語、經常帶貶義

This tension is familiar in the lives of most environmentalists. Some own cars; some still eat meat.

2016年April5日，Madeleine Somerville，“How I deal with the unbearable hypocrisy of being an environmentalist”, in The Guardian:

The term greenwashing was coined by environmentalist Jay Westerveld in 1986, back when most consumers received their news from television, radio and print media – the same outlets that corporations regularly flooded with a wave of high-priced, slickly-produced commercials and print ads.

2016年August20日，Bruce Watson，“The troubling evolution of corporate greenwashing”, in The Guardian:

A widening of the M4 had long been mooted, and the Welsh Government had even earmarked most of the required £1.6bn funding for a new 14-mile, six-lane section around Newport. Then, in the face of opposition from environmentalists, came a realisation that similar road schemes across the world tend merely to encourage greater car use and therefore soon prove ineffective in solving the original problem.

2020年December2日，Christian Wolmar，“Wales offers us a glimpse of an integrated transport policy”, in Rail，頁 56:

He [King Charles] is a committed environmentalist at a point when the government is full of climate change deniers.

2022年September12日，Zoe Williams，“Why are people getting arrested in Britain for being republicans?”, in The Guardian:

認為個人或群體發展的主要因素是環境而不是遺傳或文化的人

As we remarked once before, there are two extreme views with respect to life, one attributing everything to the environment, the other to inherent abilities. If, for example, an unusual number of distinguished men are born and reared in the same locality, the environmentalists assert that the causes for their appearance were entirely external and that had their parents changed habitats with those residing elsewhere the result would have been the same, except that the family names of these eminent men would have been different.

1926，Clark Wissler，The Relation of Nature to Man in Aboriginal America，出版於 1971，頁s 211–212:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:environmentalist。


elastane

此词是通用的形式，而Spandex是商标名。


ependymitis

室管膜炎、脑室管膜炎、脑室膜炎


ephemeris

ephemerides (plural)
ephemerises (plural)


epidemiologist

In his first book since the 2008 essay collection Natural Acts: A Sidelong View of Science and Nature, David Quammen looks at the natural world from yet another angle: the search for the next human pandemic, what epidemiologists call “the next big one.”

2013年January20日，Katie L. Burke，“Ecological Dependency”, in American Scientist，卷 101, 期 1, United States: Sigma Xi, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 64:


electroplating

近義詞：electrodeposition


elegy

通用美式，標準英音，加拿大


embroidery

/ɪmˈbɹɔɪdəɹi/


epithet

:< 拉丁語 < 古希臘語 ἐπίθετον (epitheton)（“形容词”） —— ἐπίθετος (epithetos)（“形容的，添加的”）的中性形 < ἐπιτιθέναι (epitithenai)（“添加”） < ἐπι- (epi-) + τιθέναι (tithenai)（“放”）（ < 原始印欧语 *dhe- （“放，置，做”））。

（尤用于褒贬人或事物特征或性质的）表述形容词，修饰语


emf

EMF (“電動勢”)的大小寫替代形式


equidistance

The men are ranged so as to form three sides of a square, and stand three deep, each prisoner being three yards from his fellow. This equidistance gives them the appearance of chess-men set out on a board.

囚犯们排成一个正方形的三条边，每排三人，每人与另一人相距三码。这种等距让他们看起来像棋盘上的棋子。

1862，Henry Mayhew，John Binny，The Criminal Prisons of London, and Scenes of Prison Life，頁 308:


equine

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 equīnus (“有關馬的”)。


equinox

原始印歐語詞
 *nókʷts
繼承自中古英語 equinox、equinoxe、equynox (“一年中晝夜等長的兩個時段之一，二分點；黃道十二宮中的白羊座或天秤座，在這兩個星座中，太陽穿過天體赤道”)，來自古法語 equinoce、equinoxe (現代法語 équinoxe)或來自詞源中世紀拉丁語 ēquinoxium、ēquinoctium，來自拉丁語 aequinoctium (“二分點”)，來自aequus (“同等”) + nox (“夜晚”) (源頭衍生自原始印歐語 *nókʷts (“夜晚”)) + -ium (構成抽象名詞的後綴)。這個拉丁語詞彙，被後來衍生的中古英語和現代英語所採用，取代了古英語 efnniht (現代英語 evennight)。
罕見的另一個複數形式equinoctes將equinox視為一個拉丁語詞彙；拉丁語 nox (“夜晚”)的複數是noctēs。

equinoxes (plural)
equinoctes (plural)
æquinox (alternative)

evennight

分點，二分點，晝夜平分點（春分或秋分）

分點，二分點，晝夜平分點（春分或秋分）

The four grand and ſolemn Bardic days are, of ancient uſage, the tvvo equinoxes, and the tvvo ſolſtices; the nevv and full moons are alſo, ſubordinately, ſolemn Bardic days: […]

1793年September22日，Edward Williams，“Ode on Converting a Sword into a Pruning Hook”, in Poems, Lyric and Pastoral. […]，London: […] J[ohn] Nichols; […], 出版於 1794, →OCLC, footnote *，頁s 160–161:

21. Report the experiments, if conveniently they may, at both the solstices and equinoctes. / 22. Observe accurately the time of the sun’s rising on the top of the hill and below, and note the difference.

1848，Charles Richard Weld，章號 V, in A History of the Royal Society, with Memoirs of the Presidents. […]，卷 I, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], →OCLC，頁 100:

For [Julius] Cæsar says, that on the night of the fourth day after his landing there was a full moon. He had before mentioned that the summer was far spent, and the æquinox not come, hence, the full moon must have been either in July or August.

1854，John Williams，“Pro-consul. b.c. 55.”, in The Life of Julius Cæsar，London, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] Routledge & Co., […], →OCLC，頁 195:

The word equinox is generally taken to refer to the days when, at every point on the earth, day and night are of equal length. But this definition of the equinox is a bit misleading. Since it gets light before the sun rises and remains light after the sun sets, the actual period of darkness at the equinox will be substantially less than twelve hours, the exact amount depending on latitude and how one defines the boundary between twilight and night. […] In practice, one cannot determine the equinox by measuring the length of time between sunrise and sunset.

2005，Clive [L. N.] Ruggles，“Equinoxes”, in Ancient Astronomy: An Encyclopedia of Cosmologies and Myth，Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN，頁 148:

[…] Midsummer’s Day falls near the beginning of summer meteorologically, but was the midpoint of summer in the traditional calendar. Though Midsummer’s Day celebrations are common in the modern Celtic countries, there is no evidence that the ancient Celts celebrated either the solstices or the equinoctes.

2006，John T. Koch，“calendar, Celtic”, in Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia，卷 I, Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, §4 (The Seasons)，頁 332，列 1:

二十四小時中晝夜等長的情況

太陽的視路徑和地球赤道面相交的兩個空間點之一

一種強風，被認為在春分前後頻繁出現，現在知道是一種誤解；春分大風

The Equinox drove the sand into their faces or round their legs, as they dived among the sheep-haunted hollows.

1920年September1日，Rudyard Kipling，“The Satisfaction of a Gentleman”, in The London Magazine，London: Hunt and Clarke, […], →OCLC; republished on the website of The Kipling Society，accessed 7 September 2022，存檔自the original on 2021-12-22:


emptiness

繼承自中古英語 emptynesse，來自古英語 ǣmtiġnes。字面上等同於 empty + -ness。


equivocation

/ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʃən/

/ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʃn̩/


emulsifier

The lecithin in egg yolks is often used as an emulsifier.

蛋黄中的卵磷脂常被用作乳化剂。


ergonomics

/əːɡəˈnɒmɪks/

/ˌɝɡəˈnɑmɪks/

Ergonomics is increasingly important in office-product design.

人體工學在辦公室產品設計中日益重要。


erica

I have now arrived at the third year since the ericas were seedlings and cuttings; and, as much can be said in this stage of their growth applicable to future years, it is my intention to do so.

1840，John Claudius Loudon，The Gardener's Magazine and Register of Rural & Domestic Improvement:


yakitori

借自日語 焼き鳥 (yakitori)，來自焼き (yaki，“烤”) + 鳥 (tori)。

/jækɪˈtɔəɹi/

We should have the bazaars full of yakitori pitches and geishas in bamboo cages.

2006，Thomas Pynchon，Against the Day，Vintage, 出版於 2007，頁 851:


yardang

來自土耳其語 yardang。


yawn

音頻（美式，加利福尼亚）


yesternight

來自中古英語 yesternyght，yisternight，來自古英語 ġiestranniht (“昨夜”)，等價於yester- + night。


yestreen

繼承自中古英語 yestreen，源自 yestereven (“昨夜”)，繼承自 古英語 ġiestranǣfen (“昨夜”)，等價於yester- + e'en (“傍晚；晚上”)。和西弗里斯蘭語 justerjûn (“昨夜”) 同源。

yestereen (alternative)
yestreens (plural)

It was the creature Dougal that extricated me, as he did yestreen […]

You have not forgotten our telephone conversation of yestreen, Jeeves?

1960，P. G. Wodehouse，章號 11, in Jeeves in the Offing:


yew

源自中古英語 ew，源自古英語 īw、ēow，源自原始日耳曼語 *īwaz、*īhwaz（對比冰島語 ýr），*īwō的陽性變體（對比荷蘭語 ijf、德語 Eibe），源自原始印歐語 *h₁eyHweh₂。
也見赫梯語 [需要文字] (eja，“一種常綠樹”)、威爾士語 yw (“紫杉”)、愛爾蘭語 eo [與古英語 īw、ēow同源]；以及拉特加萊語 īva (“稠李”)、立陶宛語 ievà (“稠李”)、俄語 и́ва (íva，“柳樹”)。

紅豆杉屬/紫杉屬（Taxus）的植物

另可指該屬下某些科的植物： 羅漢松科/竹柏科（Podocarpaceae）植物

另可指該屬下某些科的植物： 三尖杉科（Cephalotaxaceae）植物

To prevent a too great consumption of yew, bowyers were directed to make four bows of witch-hazel, ash or elm, to one of yew, and no person under seventeen years of age, unless possessed of moveables worth forty marks, of the son of parents having an estate of ten pounds per annum might shoot in an yew bow, under a penalty of 6s. 8d.

1786，Francis Grose，A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons，頁 37:


yield

:< 中古英語 yielden、yelden （“屈从，支付”） < 古英語 ġieldan （“支付”） < 原始日耳曼语 *gildanan （“支付”） < 原始印欧语 *gheldh- （“支付”）。 同源词有：荷蘭語 gelden （“适用，有效”）、德語 gelten （“适用，有效”）、西弗里斯蘭語 jild （“钱”）。


yo-yo

原是商標名。最可能源自伊洛卡諾語 yóyo，或另一菲律賓語族同源詞。

同類詞：diabolo、whirligig

I bought a yo-yo from the toy store yesterday.

我昨天在玩具商店買了一個溜溜球。

一種玫瑰形圖案，將一塊圓形布料的外緣部分用平針向內收而形成

It is hard to watch the management for very long and not conclude that the place is run by a bunch of yo-yos.

Now look at them yo-yos, that's the way you do it

1985，Sting & Mark Knopfler （作曲作詞）, “Money for Nothing”, in Brothers in Arms，演出者 Dire Straits:

Henry glanced past him at the few other customers currently in attendance. "Hey! Any of you yo-yos headed up Castle Hill?"


yoga

借自梵語 योग (yóga，“結合，聯合”)，來自原始印度-雅利安語 *yáwgas，來自原始印度-伊朗語 *yáwgas，來自原始印歐語 *yéwg-o-s，來自*yewg- (“參加”) (yoke也經由此)。

瑜珈 (alternative)
yogas (plural)
joga (alternative)