tea fight

There followed, while the uniform was being prepared, an interval of pure delight, during which Bobby took brevet-rank as a "man" at the women-swamped tennis-parties and tea-fights of the village, and, I dare say, had his joining-time been extended, would have fallen in love with several girls at once.

随后，在准备制服的同时，鲍比度过了一段充满纯粹快乐的时光，在这期间，他以“男人”的身份参加了村里女人如织的网球聚会和茶话会，我敢说，如果他的入伍时间再往后延长一些，他会同时爱上几个女孩。

1889，Rudyard Kipling，“Only A Subaltern”, in Under the Deodars，Boston: The Greenock Press, 出版於 1899，頁 134:

Most of those unfortunate women are the victims of religious dementia. In early youth they were taught to butter scones at tea fights and sing hymns, and pray for the spiritual welfare of the poor Pagan, and they wind up by ministering to his carnal pleasures.

这些不幸的女人大多是“宗教痴呆症”的受害者。她们从小就被教导在茶会上涂黄油烤饼、唱赞美诗，为可怜的异教徒祈祷精神上的福祉，结果却沦为满足异教徒肉欲的奴隶。

1903年February8日，The Truth，Sydney，頁 3，列 4:


apologizer

He is a pathological apologizer.


apologiser

apologizer在非牛津英式的标准拼写


MAGA

唐納·川普政治哲學的追隨者。

A terrified mob of these MAGAs in their red hats had gathered in the town square screaming: “Where’s Sarah? Where’s Sarah? She promised to make Stars Hollow great again! She’s the only one who can save us!”

一群戴著紅帽子的川普政治哲學的支持者聚集在鎮廣場，驚恐萬分，尖叫著：“莎拉在哪裡？莎拉在哪裡？她承諾要讓星空谷再次偉大！只有她能救我們！”

2020，John Pansini，Election 2220: Night of the Voting Dead，RtS Publishing, →ISBN:

A different study by political scientists found that Trump’s anti-immigrant ravings actually inspired more white people to vote against him than it did white MAGAs to vote for him.

政治學家進行的另一項研究發現，川普的反移民言論實際上激發了更多白人投票反對他，而不是更多白人川普政治哲學追隨者支持他。

2020，Kurt Andersen，Evil Geniuses: The Unmaking of America: A Recent History，Random House, →ISBN，頁 267:

Trump, a man devoted to television like it’s religion, likely couldn’t give a damn, but the RNC, the state parties, and the various victory committees will be working their asses off to deploy MAGAs into the field.

川普對電視的熱愛如同宗教般虔誠，他可能對此毫不在意，但共和黨全國委員會、各州政黨以及各個勝利委員會將不遺餘力地將川普政治哲學運動部署到電視領域。

2020，Rick Wilson，“The Trump 2020 War Machine”, in Running Against the Devil: A Plot to Save America from Trump—and Democrats from Themselves，New York, N.Y.: Crown Forum, →ISBN, part 3 (Army of Darkness: Trump’s War Machine)，頁 138:

There were two problems for an African American in Washington DC, during a MAGA rally. First, there were too many pro-Trump MAGAs in town. Worse, there were lots of police officers too. […] At Harry’s Bar a few blocks from the hotel, Money B had apparently made friends because these MAGAs turned out to be fans of his famous songs, like “The Humpty Dance.”

2021，Erbil Gunasti, Daphne Barak，“[[Coming Home] Trump Extended Hand] Celebrating Christmas at the White House”, in Struggling for One America: Trump vs. Hollywood: The Two White Houses，Skyhorse Publishing, →ISBN:

Many of the founders and leaders of today’s populist parties now just aren’t like their followers. The followers either don’t know – there are plenty of vox pops where Magas (Make American Great Agains) still describe Trump as a self-made man – or don’t care: all this fussing about class origins and elite linkages is just what bitter, twisted liberals do.

2021，Peter York，“(Most) Populists aren’t what they seem…”, in Populism, the Pandemic and the Media: Journalism in the age of Covid, Trump, Brexit and Johnson，Abramis Academic Publishing, →ISBN, section 2 (UK politics and the media)，頁 103:

MY LIBERAL RUSSIAN FRIENDS STARTED TO CALL THOSE PEOPLE KRYM-NASHI (“CRIMEA’S OURS”-NIKS) MUCH AS AMERICAN LIBERALS CALL DONALD TRUMP’S FANS MAGAS.

[2022，Andrew S. Weiss，Accidental Czar: The Life and Lies of Vladimir Putin，First Second, →ISBN，頁 198:

For DeSantis, it’s “Ron De-sanctimonious.” It doesn’t matter whether his MAGAs know what sanctimonious means; Trump makes the point and his loyal servants get a good laugh.

2022，George Waas，Social Media Musings: Book 4，AuthorHouse, →ISBN:

Taylor tweeted about the bind that Zelenskyy found himself in: “Ukraine, of course, is desperate for US support. The biggest risk they face is falling out of favor with the American public. And that explains any upcoming recapitulation of ‘no pressure.’ They can’t afford to piss off the MAGAs. They are truly hostages in this.”

2022，Amanda Sturgill，“National Security”, in We Are #ALTGOV: Social Media Resistance from the Inside，Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN，頁 146:

In this pop-culture milieu, political parties are like personality cults, and their leaders are symbolic of their group’s identity. So in addition to Janeites (fans of Jane Austen), Beliebers (Justin Bieber) and Swifties (Taylor Swift), we now have MAGAs (Donald Trump), Corbynistas (Jeremy Corbyn) and Boristas (Boris Johnson).

2023，Michael Bond，Fans: A Journey Into the Psychology of Belonging，Picador, →ISBN:

I am sure he reasoned that as an Independent all he would have accomplished would be the sure election of Hillary by splitting MAGAs and Republicans, as Teddy Roosevelt did when he tried to regain the Presidency.

2023，Jack B. Walters，“Who are MAGA- Republicans?”, in One Last Attempt (The Last Angry Man)，Trafford Publishing, →ISBN:

The adults were to blame, not just the crazy MAGAs but ordinary people who don’t know any better.

2023，James Oliver Goldsborough，章號 16, in The Devil’s Presence，City Point Press, →ISBN:


limning

In the limnings, or miniatures, painted by the court artist Lavina Teerlinc she resembles her lovely grandmother, the King's late younger sister, Mary Tudor, the French Queen.

在宫廷艺术家拉维娜·蒂尔林克绘制的素描或细密画中，她与她可爱的祖母、国王已故的妹妹、法国王后玛丽·都铎十分相似。

2009，Leanda de Lisle，The Sisters Who Would Be Queen:


aaa

abdominal aortic aneurysm (“腹主动脉瘤”)之首字母縮略詞。

acquired aplastic anemia (“获得性再生障碍性贫血”)之首字母縮略詞。

acute anxiety attack (“急性焦虑症发作”)之首字母縮略詞。

amalgam (“汞齊”)之首字母縮略詞。

androgenic anabolic agent (“雄激素合成代谢剂”)之首字母縮略詞。


aam

借自荷蘭語 aam，源自拉丁語 ama（hama 的異體），源自古希臘語 ἄμη (ámē，“水桶”)。

荷兰和德国的一种液體計量單位，在英国用于测量莱茵河葡萄酒，不同城市的测量单位不同，阿姆斯特丹约为41葡萄酒加仑，安特卫普为36.5加仑，汉堡为38.25加仑 （最早見於1350-1470年左右）


anabolic

源自古希臘語 ἀνα- (ana-，“上”) + βάλλω (bállō，“扔”) + -ic。

/ˌænəˈbɑlɪk/

/ˌænəˈbɒlɪk/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-anabolic.wav


kaw

Over half of the crows anticipated the feeder, and peered in the window of the building from whence the crow feeder would emerge prior to a feeding session. A majority also called loudly with a short staccato sequence of 3–5 kaws at the start of the feeding session.

2013，Guenther Witzany，Biocommunication of Animals，頁 197:


pcm

per cent mille (“十萬分比”)之首字母縮略詞。

1000 pcm = 1%

十萬分之一千 = 百分之一


mim

meem (阿拉伯文字母)的另一種寫法。

The esoteric identity and importance of the Perso-Arabic letter, mim, and its Bengali equivalent, ma, were stressed. The letter, when added to Ahad, made Ahmad and Muhammad as well.

2014，Asim Roy，The Islamic Syncretistic Tradition in Bengal，頁 124:


mib

可能訛變自 marble。

玻璃球，彈珠（尤指用作目标的）

On my first shot of the last game, I hit two mibs, my shooter and one marble exiting the ring, but leaving a snooger, which is a “commie rat” target marble near the rim of the ring.

2002，Norah L. Lewis，Freedom to Play: We Made Our Own Fun，頁 114:

Thirteen five-eighths-inch marbles (“mibs”) are set in a cross in the center. Each mib should be three inches from its neighboring mib. Each player shoots with a “shooter,” a marble that's one-half to three-quarter inches in diameter.

十三颗直径八分之五英寸的弹珠（即所谓的“mibs”）在中心十字交叉放置。每颗弹珠与相邻的弹珠之间应保持三英寸的距离。每位玩家使用一颗直径为二分之一到四分之三英寸的弹珠“射手”进行射击。

2002 May，Sean McCollum，“For All the Marbles”, in Boys' Life，頁 28:

He focused on the mib on the edge of the group inside the circle. The blue one was his favourite and he had it right where he wanted it.

2011，Sean Kelly，“At the Crossroads: A Teacher's Journey to Understanding Classroom Conflict”, in Pedagogy in a New Tonality，頁 36:


pgs

pg 的複數；pages之縮寫。


yot

源自希臘語 γιοτ (giot)，源自德語 Jot。iota 的同源對似詞。

希臘字母 Ϳ / ϳ 的名稱


ack

字母 A，用於信号和其他类型的通信

They had to begin at the beginning: learning the Morse code, flag-wagging, a succession of acks, and practice on the buzzer.

1929，Frederic Manning，The Middle Parts of Fortune，Vintage, 出版於 2014，頁 173:


asp

繼承自中古英語 aspe，源自古法語 aspe，源自拉丁語 aspis、aspidis (“蛇，毒蛇”)，源自古希臘語 ἀσπίς (aspís，“盾牌；埃及眼鏡蛇”)；對比中古英語 aspide。

絨蛾的毛毛蟲，触碰它们的毛发时会引起剧烈的疼痛


asp

繼承自中古英語 aspe（aspen (用於複合詞)），繼承自古英語 æspe（æspan (用於複合詞)），繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *aspu，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *aspō，繼承自原始印歐語 *Hosp-。
參見荷蘭語 esp、德語 Espe、瑞典語及書面挪威語 asp、新挪威語 osp；亦參見威爾士語 aethnen、拉丁語 abiēs (“冷杉”)、拉脫維亞語 apse、波蘭語 osa、古典亞美尼亞語 ոփի (opʻi，“白杨”)。


asp

Act of the Scottish Parliament (“苏格兰议会法案”)之首字母縮略詞。

Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009 (2009 asp 9)

2009年苏格兰性犯罪法案（2009年苏格兰议会法案第9號）


ked

Pouring with tobacco liquor is fatal to these insects, and also to the ked, Hippobosca ovina, and to the tick, Acarus reduvius, if it fairly reach them.

淋上烟草汁对于这些昆虫来说是致命的，而且如果烟草汁能直接接触到羊蜱蝇（Hippobosca ovina）和红蜱（Acarus reduvius）的话，对于它们来说也是致命的。

1839，Rev. Dr Singer，Flies and other insects hurtful to live stock, &c.: Transactions of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland，頁 132:

The common differential diagnoses include cutaneous myiasis, sheep scab and lice; however, keds are readily visible to the naked eye.[…]Adult keds are 4-6 mm long, dark red and readily visible on the neck and forelimbs.

常见的鉴别诊断包括皮肤蝇蛆病、羊疥癣和虱子；不过，羊蜱蝇很容易用肉眼看到。 […] 成年羊蜱蝇长 4-6 毫米，深红色，在颈部和前肢上很容易看到。

2006，Philip R. Scott，Sheep Medicine，頁 263:

They watch the sheep for signs of insects or pests, such as sheep keds and sheep lice, that can irritate the sheep causing them to scratch their fleece against fences or troughs and damage or tear the wool.

他们观察羊身上是否有昆虫或害虫的迹象，例如羊蜱蝇和羊虱，这些昆虫或害虫会刺激羊，导致它们把羊毛往栅栏或水槽上蹭，从而损坏或撕裂羊毛。

2007，Carrie Gleason，The Biography of Wool，頁 12:


segregate

源自拉丁語 sēgregātus（sēgregō (“分開，分離”) 的完成時被動分詞），源自 sē- (“分開”) + gregō (“成群”)，源自 grex (“群”)。對照gregarious、aggregate。

/ˈsɛɡɹəˌɡeɪt/

[…] to determine whether geographic segregates are discernible.

[…] the first three segregates are included in a superordinate category at a lower level than that of the segregate ultimately including hawk, horse, and crocodile.

1987，Stephen A. Tyler，Cognitive Anthropology: Readings，頁 49:


segregant

一名被关押至最高安全级别的图勒湖（二战期间关押日裔美国人的拘留营）的被拘留者


segregator

一种从两个肾脏分别收集尿液样本的装置


cvm

cum的繞過關鍵詞過濾拼寫。


skatole

源自古希臘語 σκῶρ (skôr，“糞便”) + -ole。


ESG

environmental/ethical, social and corporate governance (“環境、社會和公司治理”)之首字母縮略詞。 （自2004年）

ESG funds

Advisers are encouraged to engage with their clients on ESG issues rather than merely regard ESG matters as a discrete checkbox compliance requirement.

顧問應積極與客戶交流ESG相關議題，而不僅僅將ESG事項視為獨立的勾選式合規要求。

2013，Benjamin J. Richardson，Fiduciary Law and Responsible Investing: In Nature’s trust，Routledge, →ISBN:

New firms like Arabesque are making ESG data a core part of their strategy. Goldman Sachs has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission to start an ESG-focused exchange-traded fund.

像 Arabesque 這樣的新公司正將ESG數據作為其策略的核心部分。高盛已向美國證券交易委員會提交申請，以啟動一支專注於 ESG的交易型基金（ETF）。

2016年April6日，David Gelles，“Investing With a Conscience, but Done by a Robot”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Much of this year’s letter was devoted to Mr. Fink’s belief that a focus on environmental, social and corporate governance issues — E.S.G., for short — does not conflict with making money.

2022年January18日，Andrew Ross Sorkin, Michael J. de la Merced，“It’s Not ‘Woke’ for Businesses to Think Beyond Profit, BlackRock Chief Says”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

In a shift in tone from his previously more strident embrace of ESG, Fink emphasised that clients were responsible for their own investment decisions.

與他先前對ESG較為強烈的支持態度相比，芬克轉變了語調，強調客戶應對自己的投資決策負責。

2023年April29日，Kenza Bryan，“US investors ditch green funds on ‘woke capitalism’ backlash”, in FT Weekend，頁 14:


tabby cat

tabby (“斑貓”)之同義詞


antivenom

源自 anti- + venom，antivenin和antivenene 的同源對似詞。

用于治疗蛇、蜘蛛等有毒动物的生物毒素的解毒剂；抗蛇毒血清

broad-spectrum antivenom

Most deaths and serious consequences from snakebites are entirely preventable by existing means, including making antivenom much more widely available.

大多数因蛇咬伤而导致的死亡和严重后果完全可以通过现有手段预防，包括更广泛地提供抗蛇毒血清。

2008，“Poisonings”, in World Report on Child Injury Prevention，WHO Press, →ISBN，頁 129:

So how much venom do you actually need to make antivenom?
About 15.
15 snakes to make one vial of antivenom?
Yep.
那么，制作抗蛇毒血清到底需要多少毒液呢？
大约15条蛇。
15条蛇才能制作一瓶抗蛇毒血清？
没错。

2022, Derek Muller, "How Horses Save Humans from Snake Bites", Veritasium, 00:03:12 ff.:


word order

整體詞：syntax、morphosyntax、grammar


mountainer

[…] in the Countrey of Attica there were as many factions as there were diuerse sorts of the territorie: for the Mountainers were Democraticall; those of the champion countrey, Oligarchical; and they that dwelt neer the sea, desired a middle kind of gouernement […]

1598，John Dee（譯者）, 亞里斯多德《政治學》，London: Adam Islip, Book 5, Chapter 3, p. 267:

He also sent Embassadors to the Mountainers of the Pyrenes, & to the Gaules, to obtaine a quiet passage:

1614，Walter Raleigh，The History of the World，London: Walter Burre, Part 1, Book 5, Chapter 3, p. 427:

Vossius […] makes the highest MOUNTAIN there not to exceed Ten Furlongs; Which, saith Vossius, it is scarce possible for any one to reach, unless he be a Mountainer born; any other will scarce be able to ascend above Six Furlongs perpendicular;

1693，Thomas Pope Blount，A Natural History，London: R. Bentley，頁 374:


antitumor

Aziridines are present as structural motifs in a variety of strongly biologically active compounds such as azinomycins A and B […] which are potent antitumors as well as antibiotic agents[…]

氮丙啶作为结构基序存在于多种具有强生物活性的化合物中，例如氮丙啶A和B […] ，它们是有效的抗肿瘤剂和抗生素剂 […]

2009，Jacques Royer，Asymmetric synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles，頁 3:


hydra

源自希臘神話中的 Hydra，每当它的一个头被砍掉，就会长出两个新头；“水螅”则暗指九头蛇采用的无性繁殖的萌芽方式，类似于长出新头；比喻义则指这种生物无法被迅速果断的手段杀死（与 Gordian knot 相反）。

hydras (plural)
hydrae (plural)
hydræ (plural)

复杂、繁多而无法轻易快速地解决的问题或情况

Because the statute is so vaguely worded, award decisions are habitually based on case law, the growing mountain of which is a hydra of rulings that point in so many directions that almost any decision can be defended or overturned on appeal, depending on how smart your lawyer is and which precedent he selects to argue your case.

由于该法规措辞非常模糊，裁决通常以案例法为基础，而案例法堆积如山，就像九头蛇一样指向多个方向，几乎任何裁决都可以通过上诉得到辩护或推翻，这取决于你的律师有多聪明以及他选择哪个先例来为你辩护。

2009，Kris Frieswick，Till Death Do Us Pay:


street harassment

在公共場所發生的性騷擾和性恐嚇，例如吹口哨


sexuale

Incidentally, it may be stated that beside the sexuale mentioned above, no other sexuale of any aphid species had been known to occur in Bihar.

1976，The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society，頁 417:

Early mating individuals in a population producing sexuales late are more likely to mate with members of a population producing sexuales early and vice versa.

2012，A. F. G. Dixon，Aphid Ecology: An optimization approach，頁 56:


négligé

négligée的另一種寫法


négligée

借自法語 négligée f (過去分詞、形容詞)，源自法語 négligé m (“衣着不得体；宽松的衣服”，過去分詞，形容詞、名詞), négliger (“忽略，忽視，疏忽”) 的過去分詞，源自拉丁語 negligere。

nightie

女式宽松睡袍/晨衣，尤指较短、带蕾丝和/或暴露者 （自19世紀）

十八世纪女性的轻便长袍 （18-19世紀）

[S]he had on a lilac Negligee, Gause Cuffs trimmed richly, with Flowers and spangles, spangled shoes, Bows of Gause and Flowers, and a Cap!

1777，Frances Burney，Journals & Letters，Penguin, 出版於 2001，頁 78:

由珠子、珍珠等制成的项链 （自19世紀）

随意脱衣或穿着非常随意的状态 （自19世紀）

女式宽松睡袍/晨衣，尤指较短、带蕾丝和/或暴露者 （自19世紀）

Enkhbayar has promised more jobs, free education and higher public service wages to the poverty-ravaged country. But who needs those when you've got dancing girls in black negligees?

恩赫巴亚尔承诺为这个贫困国家提供更多就业机会、免费教育和更高的公务员工资。但当你看到身穿黑色睡衣的舞女时，谁还需要这些呢？

2000年July3日，“No: 1669 Mongolia”, in The Guardian:


JB

jailbait (“有性吸引力但因年紀太輕無法與之發生合法性關係的人”)之首字母縮略詞。

jailbreak (“越獄”，取得裝置的Root權限)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：AB、AFB、AFS、NAS、NS、MCAS、MCB


square metre

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-square metre.wav

A floor 4 metres square contains 16 square metres.

一层面积为4米见方，内有16平方米。

As towns continue to grow, replanting vegetation has become a form of urban utopia and green roofs are spreading fast. Last year 1m square metres of plant-covered roofing was built in France, as much as in the US, and 10 times more than in Germany, the pioneer in this field.

随着城镇规模持续扩张，植被复育已成为一种都市乌托邦实践，绿色屋顶正快速普及。去年法国新建了100万平方米的植物覆盖屋顶，总量与美国相当，达到该领域先驱国家德国的十倍之多。

2013年May10日，Audrey Garric，“Urban canopies let nature bloom”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 188, 期 22，頁 30:


miaou

miaow的另一種拼寫法


sanctum

源自拉丁語 sānctum (“神聖之物”)。

As he descended the stairs, two persons passed him, so remarkably dissimilar in their persons, dress, and carriage, that he could not forbear to look earnestly at them, as forming a criterion of the mixed character of company admissible in such places, and which was to him (with his preconceived notions of the inviolability of the female sanctum) an insuperable objection to such scenes of general resort.

1842，[anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon]，章號 XXXIX, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […]，卷 II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC，頁 200:

For myself, I had no need to make any change; I should not be called upon to quit my sanctum of the schoolroom; for a sanctum it was now become to me, – "a very pleasant refuge in time of trouble."

1848，Charlotte Bronte，章號 17, in Jane Eyre:

A diary, after all, is a sanctum for self-confession.

1984年April14日，Richard Knisely，“Quintessential Narcissism”, in Gay Community News，頁 13:

His colleagues quailed when, in 1986, he first sat on the court as a brash 50-year-old whose experience had been mostly as a combative government lawyer: a justice who, in that sanctum of columns and deep judicial silence, was suddenly firing questions like grapeshot.

2016年February20日，“Obituary: Antonin Scalia: Always right”, in The Economist:


Yodaspeak

源自 Yoda + -speak (表示具有某種典型特徵的說話或寫作方式)，來源於星際大戰／星球大战系列中角色尤達語序顛倒的說話風格。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Yodaspeak.wav

Yoda’s speech is probably a mix between his race’s native language and Standard, as he likely as not learned Standard later in life and used its vocabulary in syntactical patterns from his native language. Is Standard as old as Yoda? If so, then perhaps, as Sarah suggests, Yodaspeak’ is an early form of Standard that changed at a different rate than galactically, as it was kept within an isolated area, Dagobah—as is the case of Appalachian English.

尤達的說話方式可能是他種族的母語與標準語的混合，因為他很可能是在生命後期才學會標準語，並在其母語的句法模式中使用標準語詞彙。標準語和尤達一樣古老嗎？如果是的話，那麼正如Sarah所建議的，「尤達式說話」可能是標準語的早期形式，由於它被限制在達戈巴這個孤立地區，其變化速度與銀河系範圍內的不同——就像阿帕拉契亞英語的情況一樣。

1991年January16日，Z. P. Florian，“Luke’s Fantasies”, in Southern Enclave，期 28, Garland, Tex.: Cheree T. Cargill, 出版於 spring 1991，頁 27:

The Star Wars mythology was immediately absorbed into gaming's collective consciousness. Its images and icons became gaming's images and icons. Imperial Walkers, intergalactic empires, light sabers, Yoda-speak, the Force, and ther other conventions of George Lucas' epic storyline became prime components in the kit-bashing process that created electronic science fiction games.

星際大戰的神話立即被遊戲行業的集體意識所吸收。它的形象和標誌成為遊戲的形象和標誌。帝國步行機、星際帝國、光劍、尤達式說話、原力，以及喬治·盧卡斯史詩故事中的其他元素，成為創造電子科幻遊戲過程中的主要組成部分。

1994 February，Bill Kunkel，“The Fighters, Asteroid Fields, and Training … LucasArts Releases Rebel Assault to Please the Rebel Pilot in Everyone”, in Computer Game Review and CD-ROM Entertainment，卷 3, 期 7, Lombard, Ill.: Sendai Publishing Group, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 106，列 1:

Yoda in the 'Star Wars' epic has a habit of putting the object in front of the clause, like this: / Nine hundred years have I seen. / Translate the following sentences into Yoda-speak, and underline the objects.

《星際大戰》史詩中的尤達有一個習慣，就是把賓語放在句子前面，像這樣：/九百年我已經活了。/請將以下句子翻譯成尤達語，並在賓語下劃線。

1996，David Crystal, with Geoff Barton，“Sentences”, in Discover Grammar，Harlow, Essex: Longman, →ISBN，頁 43:

Also on the underage sex trip is a dead-on expose of the sexual molestation of young Jedi Knights by their masters, complete with a press conference from Skywalker Ranch featuring Yoda's denial, in perfect Yodaspeak: "No have sex with boys, Yoda did not. Tired Yoda is. Resign he will."

同樣涉及未成年性行為的還有一篇對年輕絕地武士被師傅性騷擾的直接揭露，包括一個來自天行者莊園的新聞發布會，尤達以完美的尤達式說話否認：「尤達沒有與男孩發生性關係。尤達累了。他將辭職。」

2004，David Katz，The High Times Reader，New York, N.Y.: Nation Books, →ISBN，頁 428:

Subject-verb-object is, syntactically, the typical English word order. That is why the speech of Yoda, the Jedi Master in the Star Wars films, seems so strange. "Strong am I with the Force" and "Your father he is" both have an object-subject-verb order that is very unusual for English. Yodaspeak (OSV word order), in fact, is an unusual construction in all but a few rare languages[…]。

主語-謂語-賓語在句法上是典型的英語詞序。這就是為什麼《星球大戰》電影中的絕地大師尤達的說話方式看起來如此奇怪。「我在原力方面很強」和「他是你父親」這兩句話都採用了賓語-謂語-動詞的順序，這在英語中非常不尋常。事實上，尤達式說話（OSV詞序）在除少數罕見語言外的所有語言中都是不尋常的結構 […] 。

2004，J. Dan Rothwell，“Language: Sharing Meaning with Words”, in In the Company of Others: An Introduction to Communication，第2nd版, New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, →ISBN, part 1 (Fundamentals of Communication)，頁 124:

[…] Yoda-speak often involves moving phrases to the start of the clause (fronting). […] How does the fronting in Yoda-speak compare with fronting in standard English? Is it more or less constrained than English?

[…] 尤達語中經常涉及將片語移到小句的開頭（前置）。 […] 尤達語的前置與標準英語相比如何？它比英語受到的限制更多還是更少？

2016，Kate Burridge, Tonya N. Stebbins，“Syntax: The Structure of Sentences”, in For the Love of Language: An Introduction to Linguistics，Melbourne, Vic.: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, part 3 (‘The Deep Grooves of Language’: Sounds and Grammar)，頁 234:


dilater

擴張者，使膨脹者，使擴大者


dilatator

源自拉丁語 dilatator (“展開者”)，源自 dilato (“展開”)。


kets

将肥料或农家肥撒在农田上


chemical compound

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chemical compound.wav

chemical

單種物質（無論其是化合物還是單質）

單種物質（無論其是化合物還是單質）


menstrual pad

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-menstrual pad.wav


shanghai

最早出自1871年，來自中國重要港口 Shanghai (“上海”)，用作動詞，指美國西海岸一些船運商以前強行徵召船員到太平洋捕魚或航運的做法。

shanghae (alternative)
shangeye (alternative)
shanghais (plural)

該雞品種現在一般被歸類為婆羅門雞和交趾雞。

一種體型較大、腿較長、脛部有羽毛的雞。

Cochins or Shanghaes.

1853，W.B. Tegetmeier，Profitable Poultry，頁 19:

The ‘shanghai’ is the glaring daub required by some frame-makers for cheap auctions. They are turned out at so much by the day's labor, or at from $12 to $24 a dozen, by the piece.

「上海」是一些畫框製造商為了廉價拍賣而要求的顯眼的塗抹物。以一天的勞動量計算，這些產品的產量是這樣的，以件計算，每打產量為 12 至 24 美元。

飛鏢遊戲，玩家會逐漸被淘汰（「被坑」），通常是因為在 3 次快速投擲中未能達到特定分數，或者在比賽中先擊中某個預先選擇的數字，然後成為第一個擊中其他玩家預先選擇的數字的人。

‘Shanghai’ may be played by teams of 8, in pairs, individually, or, in fact, any number.

「上海」遊戲可以由 8 人一組、兩人一組、單人一組或任意人數進行。

The hot twenty—including local favourites George Simmons, Tony Brown, Mick Norris and Lew Walker—have to sweat through nineteen 501s, one 1,001, one 2,001, one round-the-board-on-doubles, one shanghai and one halve-it.

這 20 名熱門選手（包括當地最受歡迎的喬治·西蒙斯、托尼·布朗、米克·諾里斯和盧·沃克）必須完成 19 項 501 賽事、1 項 1,001 賽事、1 項 2,001 賽事、1 項雙打比賽、1 項上海賽和 1 項半程比賽。


shanghai

來自蘇格蘭 shangan，源自蘇格蘭蓋爾語 seangan，受中國城市的影響。

Turn, turn thy shang~hay dread aside,
Nor touch that little bird

轉身，把你的彈弓恐懼拋到一邊，
也不要碰那隻小鳥

‘Terry Madison. Instead of fiddling with that shanghai, give us a thought.’ ‘It’s a gongai,’ Swiftie said. ‘I mean that’s the name for a shanghai which is another name for a catapult...that Mr Delarue calls a slingshot.’

“特里·麥迪遜。與其擺弄那個彈弓，不如想想我們。’ ‘這是一個 gongai，’Swiftie 說。“我的意思是，這是彈弓的名字，也是彈射器的另一個名字……德拉魯先生稱之為彈弓。」

1982，Paul Radley，My Blue-Checker Corker and Me，Sydney: Fontana/Collins，頁 61:

They scrounged around the camp […] and held out their filthy wings to the feeble sun, making themselves an easy target for Charles's shanghai.

它們在營地周圍搜尋 […] 並將骯髒的翅膀伸向微弱的陽光，使自己很容易成為查爾斯彈弓的目標。

1985，Peter Carey，Illywhacker，Faber and Faber, 出版於 2003，頁 206:

However, certain objects are excluded from being treated as a gun. These include a longbow, crossbow, slingshot or shanghai even though it is capable of propelling a projectile by means of an explosive force.

然而，某些物品並非屬於槍枝範疇。這些包括長弓、弩、彈弓或上海彈弓，儘管它能夠透過爆炸力發射拋射物。

2020，Parliament of Singapore，“Guns, Explosives and Weapons Control Bill”, in Republic of Singapore Government Gazette，頁 161:


organized crime

OCCB (NYPD Organized Crime Control Bureau)

OCTB (HKPF Organised Crime and Triad Bureau)

有組織犯罪（從事非法商品和服務交易的大型犯罪組織）

Organized crime is largely responsible for the nation’s illicit drug trafficking.

有組織犯罪是造成該國非法毒品販運的主要原因。

The State Department has given Ecuador $81 million since 2018 to help the country with its fight against organized crime and narcotics.

自 2018 年以來，美國國務院已向厄瓜多爾提供了 8,100 萬美元，幫助該國打擊有組織犯罪和毒品犯罪。

2025年March19日，Hira Humayun and Michael Rios，“Ecuador’s president invites foreign armies to fight gangs in the country”, in CNN:

Organized crime has dramatically increased in our neighbourhood.

我們社區的有組織犯罪急劇增加。


shenanigan

來源不確定。已知最早的使用來自1855年的舊金山（而已知最早的提及是在1854年），當時正值加州淘金熱時期。有人提出了以下可能性：
* 法語 ces manigances (“這些詐欺計劃”)。
* 西班牙語 chanada，charranada (“詭計，欺騙”)的縮寫。
* 愛爾蘭語 sionnachuighim (“我扮演狐狸”)。
* 萊茵法蘭克尼亞語 schinägeln (“努力工作”)，來自小販的黑話 Schenigelei (“工作”)。
* 东盎格利亚方言 nannicking (“裝傻”)。
* 18世紀德語 Scheinheilige (“偽聖人/偽聖行”，名詞複數), scheinheilig (“虛偽”)。

/ʃəˈnæn.ɪˌɡən/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-shenanigan.wav

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-shenanigan.wav

欺騙性的詭計或惡作劇；造成不適或煩惱。

I spotted his next shenanigan – saw it coming – and so avoided being fooled.

我發現了他的下一個惡作劇——預見了——因此避免了被愚弄。

One of Professor [John] Moon's most astonishing "experiments," consisted of holding a watch suspended from a short chain at arm's length, and allowing anyone in the pit to pull pistol and "blaze away" at the word "fire," whereupon the watch would most unconscionably disappear. An individual who had attended several evenings and witnessed the "experiment," suspected, in the classic language of the times, that there was something of "shenanigan" in it.

約翰·穆恩教授最令人震驚的“實驗”之一是，將一塊手錶懸掛在一條短鏈上，距離手臂很遠，然後讓坑里的任何人在聽到“火”這個詞時拔出手槍並“射擊”，然後手錶就會毫無意義地消失。一位參加了數晚的“實驗”並目睹了這一“實驗”的人，用當時的經典語言來說，懷疑其中存在某種“惡作劇”的成分。

1855 September，“Mr. Soap’s Yachting Excursion”, in Yankee-notions，卷 IV, 期 9, New York, N.Y.: Published by T. W. Strong, 98 Nassau-st., →OCLC，頁 280:

There are stories still told how money was used and promised, but from the best knowledge I can acquire, I think this is not true. If sharp practice was played, and "shenanigan" was used, we, to-day, looking back upon those times, cannot say that evil has come of it.

仍然有一些故事講述如何使用和承諾資金，但從我所能獲得的最佳知識來看，我認為這不是真的。如果當時確實存在不正當手段，使用“詭計”，那麼今天我們回顧當時的情況，不能說當時造成了邪惡。

[1877]，Cha[rle]s H. Sparks，“Political History”, in History of Winneshiek County, with Biographical Sketches of Its Eminent Men，Decorah, Iowa: Jas. Alex. Leonard, →OCLC，頁 31:


shenanigans

惡作劇，尤指兒童的惡作劇。（19世紀中期至今）

Shanti and Tom are playing noisily upstairs again. They’re up to their usual shenanigans.

香蒂和湯姆又在樓上吵吵鬧鬧地玩耍。他們又在搞慣常的惡作劇。

Well, I'm not the woman to stand any shenanigans from a child of mine. I could name you dead loads of women that are just completely walked over by their children.

好吧，我不是那種能忍受我的孩子做出任何惡作劇的女人。我可以說出很多被她們的孩子完全踐踏的女人的屍體。

1890，Kate Chopin，“Perplexing Things”, in At Fault. A Novel，St. Louis, Mo.: Nixon-Jones Printing Co., →OCLC，頁 159:

欺騙的伎倆；詭計；遊戲。 （從 19 世紀中葉開始）

You should learn to spot their shenanigans and avoid being fooled.

你應該學會識別他們的詭計並避免被愚弄。

The advertisement said it would cost $50, but they charged me $75 at the register. I declare shenanigans.

廣告上說要花 50 美元，但他們在收銀台向我收取了 75 美元。我宣布這是詭計。

約翰·穆恩教授最令人震驚的“實驗”之一是，將一塊手錶懸掛在一條短鏈上，距離手臂很遠，然後讓坑里的任何人在聽到“火”這個詞時拔出手槍並“射擊”，然後手錶就會毫無意義地消失。一位參加了數晚的“實驗”並目睹了這一“實驗”的人，用當時的經典語言來說，懷疑其中存在某種“詭計”的成分。

1855 September，“Mr. Soap’s Yachting Excursion”, in Yankee Notions，卷 IV, 期 9, New York, N.Y.: Published by T. W. Strong, 98 Nassau-st., →OCLC，頁 280:

And you remember that she is a pal of ours, and you're to act like a gentleman, no shenanigans, or I'll skin you alive!

你記得她是我們的朋友，你要表現得像個紳士，不許搞詭計，否則我就活剝了你的皮！

1921，William M. McCoy，“At the Shrine of Faith”, in The Valley of the Sun，New York, N.Y.: A. L. Burt Company; published by arrangement with The H. K. Fly Company, →OCLC，頁s 77–78:

On the table top behind him lay the letter from the Vatican. It was what he had dreaded. Shenanigans like that don't go for long unnoticed. Canon Tom may have provided the Church with a touch of class, but when the chips were down, he was expendable.

他身後的桌面上放著梵蒂岡寄來的信。這正是他所害怕的。類似這樣的詭計不會長期不被注意。湯姆牧師或許為教會帶來了一絲優雅，但當情況危急時，他便成了可有可無的犧牲品。

1993，Edward Toman，章號 9, in Shambles Corner，London: Flamingo, HarperCollins, →ISBN，頁 125:

FDA [Food and Drug Administration] commissioner Scott Gottlieb yesterday called on brand name drug companies to "end the shenanigans" that restrict generic drug competition, specifically pointing to the tactic of slow-playing shared Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) terms intended to prevent generic manufacturers from purchasing drug products needed to run bioequivalence or bioavailability studies that FDA approval requires.

FDA [食品和藥物管理局] 局長斯科特·戈特利布昨天呼籲品牌藥公司“停止限制仿製藥競爭的詭計”，特別指出了緩慢執行共享風險評估和緩解策略 (REMS) 條款的策略，旨在阻止仿製藥製造商購買需要進行 FDA 批准的生物等效性或生物利用度研究的藥品。

2017年November10日，Zachary Brennan，“Gottlieb: ‘End the shenanigans’ on slow-playing REMS to delay generic drug competition”, in Endpoints News，存檔自the original on 2018-03-11:

In a panel discussion at BuzzFeed's office, Oscar-winner Meryl Streep told "The Post" director Steven Spielberg and co-star Tom Hanks that settlements like those paid to Harvey Weinstein's accusers would not have been necessary if more women held positions of power. "If the boards of the company were half female, there wouldn't ever have been payoffs to anybody," Streep said. "None of this – the shenanigans wouldn't have occurred."

在 BuzzFeed 辦公室舉行的小組討論中，奧斯卡獎得主梅莉史翠普告訴《華盛頓郵報》導演史蒂芬史匹柏和聯合主演湯姆漢克斯，如果有更多女性掌握權力，就沒有必要向哈維韋恩斯坦的指控者支付這樣的和解金。史翠普說：“如果公司董事會中有一半是女性，那麼就不會有人得到賄賂了。” “這些詭計都不會發生。”

2017年December13日，Courtney Connley，“Meryl Streep on Weinstein: If more women were in leadership ‘the shenanigans wouldn't have occurred’”, in CNBC，存檔自the original on 2017-12-13:

It shouldn't take much imagination to see why the forced dismissal of Congress by the president would be the most truly of nuclear shenanigans and the fallout would affect, like every part of the government. But that's the sort of thing that can happen when shenanigans infinitely escalate.

不難想像，總統強行解散國會會成為真正的核子詭計，後果將影響政府的每個部門。但當詭計無限升級時，這種事情就會發生。

2020年September30日，CGP Grey，片头起10:39, in Supreme Court Shenanigans !!!，存檔自the original on 2024-01-16:

奇怪、不尋常、怪異或古怪的事件。

"I'm sorry, but I'm not going to devote any of tonight's news to evil monkey shenanigans unless you can find something more down to earth to focus your report on."

“很抱歉，我不會把今晚的新聞用來報道邪惡猴子的怪事，除非你能找到一些更現實的內容作為報道的重點。”

2009年January20日，Dan Shive，El Goonish Shive (webcomic), Comic for Tuesday, Jan 20, 2009:


repoussé

借自法語 repoussé (“被推的”)，最终源自拉丁語 pulsare (“推”)。

/ɹəˌpuːˈseɪ/

捶揲（金属加工技术，通过从反面锤击来装饰或塑造可锻金属）

[…] the extraordinary thinness of the walls of these vases, which reminds us of the finest china, or even of Venetian glass. Some of them have elements in their designs stamped out into low relief to represent the repoussé ornament natural to such metal-work.

1907，Ronald M. Burrows，The Discoveries In Crete，頁 60:


expilator

借自拉丁語 expīlātor，源自 expīlō。

for which the most barbarous Expilators found the most civill Rhetorick

最野蛮的劫掠者也找到了最文明的修辞手段

1658，Sir Thomas Browne，Urne-Burial，Penguin, 出版於 2005，頁 26:


TBD

torpedo boat destroyer (“鱼雷快艇驱逐舰”)之首字母縮略詞。


drying oil

Drying oils are used as the bases of many paints and varnishes.

干性油被用作许多油漆和清漆的基质。


adventuring

Shawna has grown up into a sort of Outward Bound explorer of the erotic wilderness, whose adventurings — recounted on a widely read blog — include a stint working at “the Lusty Lady, a peep show in North Beach that recently became the nation’s first worker-owned strip club.”

2007年June24日，David Leavitt，“Still More Tales of the City”, in New York Times:


cocks

If Mrs. Dyott was fond of ancient French furniture, and distinctly difficult about it, her inmates could be fond—with whatever critical cocks of charming dark-braided heads over slender sloping shoulders—of modern French authors.


ducks

Hello ducks, how are you today?

水手在炎热气候下穿着的轻便裤子

His spotless white ducks set tight about the hips, and hang loosely at the bottom, just allowing the tips of a pair of patent-leather pumps to peep out from beneath their ample breadth.

1856，Charles Nordhoff，Nine Years a Sailor:


dogmatizer

But in stead of any fuller view of these, I shall mention some few of those, which our closer, and later experience hath made most familiar to us, and given us reason to look on with a quickness of sense, and dread, but those such, as being not entred into the Confessions of any national Church, are not properly chargeable either on Papists, or Protestants, but on particular dogmatizers on both parties […]

1654，Henry Hammond，Of Fundamentals in a Notion referring to Practise:

If it was the case that native dogmatizers were prohibiting the use of Spanish before the huacas and the use of the name of Jesus, then the information implies a large degree of cultural and religious acculturation by 1617 in the Province of Lima.

2015，Andrew Redden，Diabolism in Colonial Peru, 1560–1750:


medicine cabinet

浴室内放置洗漱用品等的柜子


antiterrorism

Antiterrorism funding was increased after 2001.

2001年以後，反恐資金有所增加。


counterterrorism

Still other officials say the mayhem may be partly a result of a vicious rivalry between two Qaeda subcommanders in Mali, Mokhtar Belmokhtar and Abdelhamid Abu Zeid, a clash that underscores the kind of autonomous jihad cells that counterterrorism officials say are particularly hard to combat.

另有官员表示，造成此次混乱的部分原因可能是基地组织在马里的两名副指挥官穆赫塔尔·贝尔穆赫塔尔和阿卜杜勒哈米德·阿布·扎伊德之间激烈的竞争，反恐官员称，这种冲突凸显了圣战组织是那种特别难以打击的独立组织。

2009年October7日，Eric Schmitt，“Qaeda Branch Steps Up Raids in North Africa”, in The New York Times:


judicare

judicial + care 組成的混成詞；對比 Medicare、denticare。

/ˈd͡ʒudɪˌkɛə/

/ˈd͡ʒudɪˌkɛɚ/

司法委託（一種法律援助形式）


pizzica

借自意大利語 pizzica。

意大利流行的传统舞蹈，起源于萨兰托半岛

With strings, accordion, flute and lots of tambourine, it pays particular attention to the pizzica, a galloping six-beat dance related to the tarantella and long used as a faith-healing cure for spider bites.

2007年January19日，The New York Times，“Pop and Rock Listings”, in New York Times:


attributive

In "this big house," "big" is an attributive, while in "this house is big," it is a predicative.

在“这所大房子”中，“大”是定语；而在“这所房子很大”中，“大”是表语。


alleviator

Blessed is he who is an alleviator of suffering.

能减轻痛苦的人是有福的。

Aspirin is an alleviator of headaches.


second person

“Are” is the second person of “to be”.

“Are” 是“to be” 的第二人称。

“Hast” is the second person singular of the German verb “haben”.

“Hast” 是德语动词“haben”的第二人称单数。

“Habt” is the second person plural of the German verb “haben”.

“Habt” 是德语动词“haben”的第二人称复数。


loafs

標準語中 loaf 的複數形式是 loaves。


garlics

garlic 一詞一般是不可數的，複數形式 garlics 仅用于指多个品种的蒜头或多瓣蒜头。

"For all these reasons, they are not a commercially viable crop, which means that just about the only garlics you have ever found available in your..."

1997，Chester Aaron，The Great Garlic Book: A Guide with Recipes:


methicillin

The new strain was dubbed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA.

这种新菌株被称为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌，简称MRSA。

2019，Bill Bryson，The Body: A Guide for Occupants，Black Swan (2020)，頁 53:


benzathine penicillin

The standard dosage of 2.4 million units of benzathine ^([sic]) penicillin prescribed for syphilis resolved symptoms of the disease, and physicians assumed they were killing the organism.

治疗梅毒的处方标准剂量为240万单位苄星青霉素，可以 缓解梅毒症状，医生认为这些药物可以杀死梅毒细胞。

1989年April8日，John Dooley，“Syphilis and AIDS: What's the Connection?”, in Gay Community News，頁 8:


tropical fish

tropical fishes (plural)
tropical fish (plural)