steam locomotive

Inevitably the present extent and variety of the Belgian railways will diminish, and within the space of the ten-year plan we can expect to see a modern system concentrated on the main traffic routes like its neighbour in the Netherlands, and with its last steam locomotives and wooden coaches honourably retired to the museum.

1960 February，J. N. Faulkner，“The Belgian Railways today”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 86:


laskar

lascar的另一種寫法


prex

美國大學俚語，起於1828年。


woosh

whoosh的另一種寫法


r/woooosh

源自網路論壇 Reddit 的子板塊（subreddit）「r/woooosh」；而 woooosh 則是「笑話飛過某個人頭上」的擬聲詞。

woooosh (alternative)
r/woosh (alternative)
woosh (alternative)


phonologization

phonologisation (alternative)
phonologizations (plural)

/fəˌnɒləd͡ʒaɪˈzeɪʃən/

音系化；語音特徵發展為音位（音素）特徵的過程


phonologisation

/fəˌnɒləd͡ʒaɪˈzeɪʃən/


dephonologization

dephonologisation (alternative)
dephonologizations (plural)

/dɪfəˌnɒləd͡ʒaɪˈzeɪʃən/

去音系化；具有區別性的音位（音素）特徵消失，使其逐漸無法區別的過程。例如漢語音韻學中的「濁上變去」，陰上調匯入至陰去調（兩者合流變成同一個聲調）的過程即是去音系化的例子。


dephonologisation

源自 de- + phonologisation，等同於 dephonologise + -ation。

/fəˌnɒləd͡ʒaɪˈzeɪʃən/


prunelle

源自法語，prune的指小詞。

一種小而酸的法國黑刺李（一般指其果脯）


précis

借自法語 précis。precise 的同源對似詞。

I know she goes in for giving a rapid precis of all her guests.

1890, Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Grey, ch. 1:

the computer is functioning, lights on it softly blinking as it produces on the screen beside it a series of graphs — ten years' worth of annual reports, a précis of Data General Corporation's financial history.

1981, Tracy Kidder, The Soul of a New Machine, ch. 1:


puku

He groaned loud with his mouth open. Then he wet himself. And then he rolled over on to his puku.

2011, Anahera Gildea, Anita Tipene, Ann French, Huia Short Stories 9: Contemporary Maori Fiction (volume 9)


pul

源自波斯語 پول (pūl)。obole和obolus 的同源對似詞。

阿富汗的輔幣，相當於百分之一阿富汗尼。


punition

Yee judges vpon earth, let our iuste punitions
Teach you to shake off bribes, and kepe your handes pure.

1559, George Ferrers (editor) "Tresilian", in The Mirror for Magistrates

The corrections of the scholars consist of penitences and punitions; the former are, keeping a boy standing, or on his knees, or in an ignominious place; the latter are pensums (i. e. impositions), or, rarely, the use of a leather thong on the hand.

1845, The English Review (volume 4, page 145)


puukko

源自芬蘭語 puukko，隨芬蘭移民傳入加拿大和美國。


pye

(lang=參數) pie (“派（糕點）”)的古舊形式。

A Cheshire Pork Pye for Sea

1747，Hannah Glasse，The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy:


py

pinyin之首字母縮略詞。


pyn

pin (“心情”)的棄用形式。

As plesaunt to the ere as the blacke sanctus
Of a sad sorte vpon a mery pyn.


bacc

Other post-bacc programs apply students' course work toward a master's degree. Tina decided not to enter an organized post-bacc program.

2004，Malaika Stoll，Best 162 Medical Schools 2005 Edition，頁 50:

I received my Bacc through an online correspondence course.

2010，Kate Hewitt，The Greek Tycoon's Reluctant Bride，頁 152:

This policy puts a bacc-MD student who realizes that she may prefer another medical school that isn't part of the combined program in a tough position: Stick with the school that's the sure thing, knowing that it's not ideal for her, or relinquish her reserved seat to take her chances as an applicant.

2013，Carleen Eaton，Getting into Medical School For Dummies:


cocksuck

cocksucker (“令人反感、討人厭的人”)之簡寫。

He turned and was about to say more but by then Velva was lunging at him, bawling, "Keep outta there, you cocksuck!"
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1994, Tom Kakonis, Shadow Counter (page 139)


caffè latte

café latte (alternative)
caffè lattes (plural)
cafe latte (alternative)
café latte (alternative)
caffelatte (alternative)
caffe latte (alternative)

拿鐵咖啡，濃縮咖啡和熱牛奶


cafés au lait

While going to La Madeleine, one of the most famous churches in Paris, they stopped at the Café de la Paix, seated themselves on the terrace, and ordered two cafés au lait.

1941，Joseph S. Galland，Ethel Vaughan，Progressive French Grammar，The Macmillan Company，頁 185:

He would like two cafés au lait and two croissants, please. ‘Black cherry jam OK?’ Sarah nodded. ‘And cherry jam.’

1992，Barbara Anderson，Portrait of the Artist’s Wife, →ISBN，頁 235:

He led me to one of those little Chinese bistros around the market, pointed to a stool, sat down across from me, and ordered two cafés au lait.

1995，William Rodarmor（譯者）, Tamata and the Alliance，Sheridan House, 根據Bernard MoitessierTamata et l’alliance改編的翻譯作品, →ISBN，頁 15:

AMANDA. No lemonade. Two cafés au lait. / PRINCE. Hot. / AMANDA. Very hot, Monsieur is cold. / PROPRIETOR. (Confused.) Two cafés au lait? Uh-huh. You know, I only said lemonade because the scrip — well, because it’s usually lemonade, and — But if you want café au lait, I can make café au lait.

2000，Jeffrey Hatcher，To Fool the Eye: An Adaptation of Jean Anouilh’s Léocadia，Dramatists Play Service, →ISBN，頁 56:

Peter held the door for her, found her a chair, and fetched two cafés au lait, all with an ease that had elements of both fatherliness and suave date.

2005，Cheryl Mendelson，Love, Work, Children: A Novel，Random House, →ISBN，頁 320:

The door opened and his wife appeared with a wooden tray: two cafés au lait and a plate of pastries.

2008，Martín Caparrós，譯者 Jasper Reid, Valfierno: The Man Who Stole the Mona Lisa: A Novel，Atria Books, →ISBN，頁 44:

He hung up and I moved to the front of the coffee line. While I waited for two cafés au lait, I found Brooke’s number and called.

2011，Ellen Crosby，The Sauvignon Secret: A Wine Country Mystery，Scribner, →ISBN:

We immediately put a comfortable routine into place that started with three chocolate croissants and two cafés au lait every morning.

2014，Cal Peternell，Twelve Recipes，HarperCollins, →ISBN:

Louise ordered two cafés au lait and two mille-feuilles.

2014，Jessamyn Hope，Safekeeping: A Novel，Fig Tree Books, →ISBN，頁 95:

Add to that the fact that I was feeling light-headed from caffeine overload because I’d wound up having two cafés au lait at the pastry shop while Linda and I tried to talk things through.

2016，T. C. Boyle，The Terranauts，Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:

A café called Faema was on the northwest corner. We went in and ordered two cafés au lait plus a plate of biscotti.

2017，Jack Batten，Booking In: A Crang Mystery，Dundurn Press, →ISBN:

Jules ordered two cafés au lait and four croissants, which were still warm in the bag the cashier presented.

2020，Andrea Bolter，Captivated by Her Parisian Billionaire，Harlequin Books, →ISBN:


Tłįchǫ

提利丘人，居住於加拿大西北領地的美洲原住民


POV

When one of the girls goes down into the basement, she is devoured by the POV accompanied by audio portions of werewolfish sounds.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1999, Laurence A. Rickels, The vampire lectures, page 259:

percentage of volume之首字母縮略詞。一種證券交易演算法。


Jamahiriya

源自阿拉伯語 جَمَاهِيرِيَّة (jamāhīriyya，“民眾的[國家]”)，源自جُمْهُورِيَّة (jumhūriyya，“共和國”)，將جُمْهُور (jumhūr，“公眾”)換成複數جَمَاهِير (jamāhīr，“民眾”)。

民眾國，利比亞1977-2011年卡扎菲掌權時國名的一部分：大阿拉伯利比亚人民社会主义民众国


takbir

來自阿拉伯語 تَكْبِير (takbīr)。


wild boar

The San Juan market is Mexico City's most famous deli of exotic meats, where an adventurous shopper can hunt down hard-to-find critters such as ostrich, wild boar and crocodile.

2013年July26日，Nick Miroff，“Mexico gets a taste for eating insects […] ”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 7，頁 32:


magnifying glass

The ability of a segment of a glass sphere to magnify whatever is placed before it was known around the year 1000, when the spherical segment was called a reading stone, essentially what today we might term a frameless magnifying glass or plain glass paperweight.

2013 9-10月刊，Henry Petroski，“The Evolution of Eyeglasses”, in American Scientist:


qanat

源自波斯語 قنات (qanât)，源自阿拉伯語 قَنَاة (qanāh).

Shafts are dug to the required level along the planned route of the qanat, every 300 m or so, and the construction of the …

1981: Richard Edward Chapman, Geology and Water: An Introduction to Fluid Mechanics for Geologists, page 112.

Elsewhere over large areas of the plateau and the foothill regions, the qanat irrigation cultures were weakened considerably. Water supplies diminished …

1988: Keith Stanley McLachlan, The Neglected Garden: The Politics and Ecology of Agriculture in Iran


bloodynoun

"Keep it out! keep it out!" sung the Katydids; "Down with it!" groaned the bloody-nouns; "Disunion, disunion!" cried the musquitoes; [...]
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1856, American Baptist Memorial: A Statistical Biographical, and Historical Magazine, page 236:


qanun

源自土耳其語 kanun，源自阿拉伯語 قَانُون (qānūn)，源自古希臘語 κανών (kanṓn)。canon 的同源對似詞。

卡農琴，一種近東和高加索的弦樂器

WISPS of mournful tunes from a cane flute mingled with the plucking, jangling arabesques of the zitherlike qanun, the oud and gentle drums.

2009年June21日，Daniel J. Wakin，“Ensemble Ambitions in a World Divided”, in New York Times:


punani

借自牙買加克里奧爾語 punani，派生自阿坎語 oponaani。可能受到英語 poon (“陰道”)（源自法語 putain）的影響，或者受夏威夷語 Puanani (“美麗的花”)影響。

(To David Carlton，the Chancellor of the Exchequer and the Deputy Prime Minister): Hello. I is Ali G，the dominating MC. Making bitches touch their punani!
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2002，Mark Mylod，Ali G Indahouse，Sacha Baron Cohen as "Ali G":


Caesarean section

可能音變自拉丁語短語 a caesō mātris uterō (“[出生]自母親子宮的切口”)，可能是凱撒名字的由來。參見Caesar、caedō，以及英語維基百科條目Caesarean section § Etymology。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/EN-AU ck1 Caesarean section.ogg


trottoir

Head-less bodies were trailed along the trottoirs.

1869, William Maxwell Blackburn, Admiral Coligny, and the Rise of the Huguenots


friska

查爾達什舞曲（csárdás）中速度快的段落


qat

源自阿拉伯語 قَات (qāt)。

khat的另一種寫法：巧茶，恰特草


gittar

guitar的視覺方言拼法。


gule

throats so wide and gules so gluttonous

1659，John Gauden，The Tears, Sighs, Complaints, and Prayers of the Church of England:


qisas

源自阿拉伯語 قِصَاص (qiṣāṣ)。


monoglot

只會說一種語言的人，單語者


poison gas

[...] approximately 23,000 members of the L.M.S.R. staff were trained in methods approved by the Home Office for dealing with the consequences of an air raid, including the effects of poison gas and incendiary bombs.

1939 November，Charles E. Lee，“Railways and the War — I”, in Railway Magazine，頁 315:


seal script

仿譯自漢語 篆文 (zhuànwén)。


small seal script

仿譯自漢語 小篆 (xiǎozhuàn)。


quaestio

源自拉丁語 quaestiō (“詢問”)。


quale

I was more like a vegetable than a person—with my consciousness only a shadow of self-awareness, only a dim sense of qualia penetrated my mental haze.

2011, Steven L. Peck, A Short Stay in Hell


ill will

源自中古英語 ill will, il wille, ill wille，等同於ill + will。

The losing side bore no ill will toward the winners.

輸的一方對贏的一方不抱有任何敵意。


raad

借自阿拉伯語 رَعْد (raʕd，“閃電”)。

"It might reasonably be expected," says Sir J. Gardner Wilkinson, "that the raad, or electric fish of the Nile, would be one of the most sacred, and forbidden for food; and it seems not to be represented among those caught in the ancient fishing scenes." He adds regarding the raad:—"It is a small fish, and the one I saw measured little more than a foot long by four inches in depth, but it had the power of giving a very strong shock. It is the Melapterurus electricus, and may have been the ancient Latus."

1858，George Wilson，“On the electric fishes as the earliest electric machines employed by mankind”, in The Canadian Journal of Industry, Science and Art，卷 3:


intransitive verb

In the English language, "sleep" is an intransitive verb.

英語中，"sleep" 是不及物動詞。


transitive verb

最早出現於1580至1590年之間。


lungan

longan的古旧形式。


rav

借自意第緒語 רבי (rav)。


cooly

coolie的另一種拼寫法


regarder

監測森林，並向森林保護法院報告的官員


hangeul

Hangeul的大小寫替代形式


hangul

Hangeul的另一種拼寫法


betacism

唇齒化，指 [b]（濁雙唇塞音）和 [v]（濁唇齒擦音）逐漸混淆，使得 /b/ → [v] 或 /v/ → [b] 的過程。

Betacism is a fairly common phenomenon: it has taken place in Greek, Hebrew, Spanish, and some Portuguese dialects, among others.

唇齒化是一種相當普遍的現象：其發生在希臘語、希伯來語、西班牙語一些葡萄牙方言中和其他語言。

一種語言障礙，使用者過度使用 [b] 音，或將其他音發成 [b] 音。


pizza nigger

I've seen the Godfather 27 times and every time some wasp gets wacked by one of those pizza niggers.

2001, "Rush Limbush", Re: Note To PI Comic (on newsgroup alt.comedy.standup):

He brought the two mugs to the table. “Carmine says to lay off your two pizza niggers.”

他把兩個杯子擺在桌上。“Carmine 說要辭掉你們兩個意大利佬。”

2007，Vahan Gregory，Where the Sun Don't Shine，頁 42:


theft

源自中古英語 theft、thefte、þefte、þefþe、þiefþe，源自古英語 þīefþu，源自原始日耳曼語 *þiubiþō，源自*þeubaz (“竊賊”)，等同於thief + -th 或 thieve + -th。與古弗里斯蘭語 thiuvethe, thiufthe (“盜竊”)、古諾爾斯語 þýfð、þýft，和:Template:廢荷蘭語 diefte同源。

resource theft

Bike theft is on the rise.

A suspect was arrested for the theft of a gold necklace.


Indian

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 indien, 中古法語 indien，等同於Ind + -ian。用於美洲原住民是早期探險家將其與印度人混淆。

印第安人，美洲原住民（一般不包括阿拉斯加原住民） （自16世紀）

We stigmatize the Indians, also, as cowardly and treacherous, because they use stratagem in warfare in preference to open force; but in this they are fully justified by their rude code of honor.

1819-1820，Washington Irving，The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon:

With savage desperation the Indian lunged his horse straight at Hopalong and, knife in hand, leaped for him!

2004, Louis L'Amour, Rustlers of West Fork

大洋洲原住民 （自18世紀）

印度餐館的菜品 （自20世紀）

We're going out tonight for an Indian.

今晚我們去印度餐館吃飯。

We're going down the Indian for a curry - wanna join us?

我們要去印度餐館吃咖喱——你也一起來嗎？


advert

This was a wonderful advert for the Premier League, with both Chelsea and United intent on all-out attack - but Ferguson will be concerned at how his side lost their way after imperiously controlling much of the first period.

2011年March1日，Phil McNulty，“Chelsea 2 - 1 Man Utd”, in BBC:

When I was writing my 'Tube Talk' column, a man sent me a letter complaining about the advertisement of cars on the Underground. Why would the Underground masochistically promote a rival transport mode? The answer, I discovered, was that the adverts on the network must not 'harm the brand', and a car advert per se was not deemed to do that. However, a car advert that said 'Why are you using this horrible Tube when you could be driving one of our lovely cars?' would not be allowed.

2012，Andrew Martin，Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube，Profile Books, ISBN 978-1846684777，頁 41:

In America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year. Yet of those who received unsolicited adverts through the post, only 3% bought anything as a result.

2013年May25日，“No hiding place”, in The Economist，卷 407, 期 8837，頁 74:


advertiser

The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about[…]and so on. But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention. Partly, this is a result of how online advertising has traditionally worked: advertisers pay for clicks, and a click is a click, however it's obtained.

2013年June21日，Oliver Burkeman，“The tao of tech”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 2，頁 48:


treat

源自中古英語 treten，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 treter、古法語 tretier、traiter，源自拉丁語 trāctare (“拉”)，源自trahere (“拖，拉”)的過去分詞詞幹。

I took the kids to the zoo for a treat.

It was such a treat to see her back in action on the London stage.

看見她回到倫敦舞台上演出，真是一場驚喜。

Here are some healthy Halloween treats for ghouls and witches of all ages.

這裡是大鬼小巫都能享用的健康萬聖夜糖果。

I lured the cat into her carrier by throwing a couple of treats in there.

我把一些零食灑到寵物箱裡，引誘我的貓走進去。


albatross

不確定。可能源自西班牙語或葡萄牙語 alcatraz (“鵜鶘、塘鵝、信天翁”)，可能派生自阿拉伯語 الْغَطَّاس (al-ḡaṭṭās，“潛水者”)（對比 Alcatraz）；或源自葡萄牙語 alcatruz (“水輪斗”)，源自阿拉伯語 الْقَادُوس (al-qādūs)，源自古希臘語 κάδος (kádos，“桶，罐”)，指鵜鶘的口。兩種情況都受拉丁語 albus (“白色”)的影響。並非派生自現代阿拉伯語 قَطْرَس (qaṭras，“信天翁”)（其可能借自西班牙語）。

信天翁球（比標準桿低三桿）


albatross

[…] energy is the albatross of U.S. national security.

2006 March 13, Richard Lugar, speech to the Brookings Institution,


allegation

/ˌæl.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/

/ˌæl.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/

Philip Miles, defending, said: "This was a single instance, there was no allegation of continuing behaviour over a long period of time."

2011年December14日，Steven Morris，“Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, in Guardian:

A spokesman for Lothian and Borders Police said: "We can confirm that a 15-year-old boy has been arrested and charged in connection with the murder of Jodi Jones. A 45-year-old has also been arrested in connection with allegations of attempting to pervert the course of justice. A report on this has been sent to the procurator fiscal."

2004年April15日，“Morning swoop in hunt for Jodi's killer”, in The Scotsman:


crimination

/ˌkɹɪmɪˈneɪʃən/

[…] and when the ambassadors, after a fruitless attempt at negotiation, which evaporated in mutual crimination and recrimination, set out on their return to Aragon, they were twice detained, […]

1837, William Hickling Prescott, History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella


Indonesian

/ˌɪndəˈniːʒən/


advertising

/ˈædvɚˌtaɪzɪŋ/

/ˈædvəˌtaɪzɪŋ/

Advertisings do not by themselves cause a book to 'go'. The circulating libraries are far more useful than any advertising columns.

1899, Walter Besant, The Pen and the Book

[...] the women were presumably going shopping at the department stores growing up along Oxford Street, and the Central's nearness to these stores would make the advertising space in its stations the most expensive on the Underground.

2012，Andrew Martin，Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube，Profile Books, →ISBN，頁 117:

But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention. Partly, this is a result of how online advertising has traditionally worked: advertisers pay for clicks, and a click is a click, however it's obtained.


lire

源自中古英語 lire、lyre，源自古英語 līra (“肌肉，腓”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *ligwizô、*lihwizô (“大腿”)，源自原始印歐語 *lekʷs-、*lewks- (“腹股溝”)。與荷蘭語 lies (“腹股溝”)、瑞典語 lår (“大腿”)同源。


lire

源自中古英語 lire、lyre，源自古諾爾斯語 hlýr 複 (“臉頰”)。對比中古英語 lere，源自古英語 hlēor (“臉頰，面色”)。參見leer。


lire

源自古諾爾斯語 líri。與挪威語 lira同源。


lire

源自意大利語 lire。


abbr

abbr.的另一種拼寫法


abbrev

abbrev.的另一種拼寫法


ages

It was ages since that wonderful holiday.

自上個美好的假期以來，已經過了很久了。

Judith, aged 58, described her experience of seeking help for persistent back pain: "You don't actually see the consultant. You wait for ages and ages and ages and you come out feeling totally baffled really."

2012, Psychology for Nurses and the Caring Professions, McGraw-Hill Education (UK) ISBN 9780335243921, page 250


french fries

French-fried potatoes (1856) 的縮略，指的是法式的土豆烹飪方法。

薯條，炸土豆條 （自1903年）

French fries is a specialty of the house.

“What's the matter?” she asked quickly. “Haven't we had all the things before? Soup, chops, peas, French fries, and the fruit pudding–there wasn't a thing new.”

1903，Lillian Pettengill，Toilers of the Home，New York: Doubleday, Page & Company，頁 292:

His first official act was to order dinner. “A nice, juicy steak,” he is said to have called for, “French fries, apple pie and a cup of coffee.” It is probable that he really said “a coff of cuppee,” however, as he was a wag of the first water and loved a joke as well as the next king.

1922，Robert C. Benchley，章號 XXII, in Love Conquers All，Henry Holt & Company，頁 111:


coughing

The good signor's little address was received in a variety of ways: there were titterings and coughings, and there were also a few instances of noble and generous response to poor Leonard's action […]

1855，Anna Mary Howitt，A school of life，頁 63:

One saint's day in mid-term a certain newly appointed suffragan-bishop came to the school chapel, and there preached on “The Inner Life.” He at once secured attention by his informal method, and when presently the coughing of Jarvis […] interrupted the sermon, he altogether captivated his audience with a remark about cough lozenges being cheap and easily procurable.

1918，W. B. Maxwell，章號 3, in The Mirror and the Lamp:


genera

源自拉丁語 genera (“氏族”)。


e-book

The hype around e-books was electrifying in the year 2000 when Stephen King became the first celebrity writer to publish an e-novel.

2004, Sunil Saxena, Breaking News: The Craft and Technology of Online Journalism


senor

señor的另一種拼寫法


double-u

double U (alternative)
double-ues (plural)

She would try the front door, and try the back door, and look in the windows; and once she even looked in the double-u.
她試了試前門，又試了試後門，接著朝窗戶裡頭看；有一次她甚至朝廁所裡看。

1974, GB Edwards, The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, New York 2007, p. 234:


saag

源自旁遮普語 ਸਾਗ (sāg)。

南亞地區的一種綠葉蔬菜（一般有菠菜、芥菜、甘藍、落葵等），配捲餅或饢食用。


saar

The server did not look at him but watching the outer door he asked him "What do you want saar?"

1979，Indira Parthasarathy，譯者 Ka. Naa. Subramanyam, River of Blood (Kuruthipunal)，第2版, New Delhi: Wikas Publishing House，頁 17:

"Yes saar. Yes, saar." he said, perspiring. "No saar. Not long. Yes, saar. At once, saar."

1997，Shashi Tharoor，“Scheduled Castes, Unscheduled Change”, in India: From Midnight to the Millennium，New York: Arcade Publishing, 出版於 2006, →ISBN，頁 100:


saba

一種用濃縮原漿製成的糖漿

Gar, a long, skinny fish, was cooked and served in thick grape syrup, like saba, the Italian grape must.

2007年January3日，Florence Fabricant，“In Rustic Greek Dishes, a Fresh Approach to Ancient Flavors”, in New York Times:


saba

薩巴香蕉 （菲律賓的香蕉品種） (Musa acuminata × Musa balbisiana)


saffron

源自中古英語 saffron，源自古法語 safran，源自中世紀拉丁語 safrānum，源自阿拉伯語 زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān)。

kesar

番紅花，藏紅花（香料、染料）

Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard, spikenard and saffron […]
#*:: 你園內所種的結了石榴，有佳美的果子，並鳳仙花與哪噠樹，有哪噠和番紅花 […]

1611, King James Version of the Bible, Song of Songs 4.13-14,

Usually the maximum temperature for October, November and December in the southern parts of Khorassan–the main saffron growing area of the Iran-does not exceed 20°C, while the minimum temperature reaches 0°C.

2009, D. H. Sanaeinejad, S. N. Hosseini, Regression Models for Saffron Yields in Iran, Daoliang Li, Chunjiang Zhao (editors), Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture II, Volume 1, page 510,

番紅花，藏紅花（香料、染料）

I must have saffron to colour the warden pies […]
#*:: 我要不要买些番红花粉来把梨饼着上颜色 […]

大約1610 William Shakespeare, The Winter’s Tale, Act IV, Scene 3,

The Irish and Ireland people (who are frequently troubled with lice, and such as will fly, as they say, in summer) anoint their shirts with saffron, and to very good purpose, to drive away the lice, but after six months they wash their shirts again, putting fresh saffron into the lye.

1658, Thomas Muffet, The Theatre of Insects, [1634, Insectorum sive Minimorum Animalium Theatrum], quoted in 2008, Anna Suranyi, The Genius of the English Nation: Travel Writing and National Identity in Early Modern England, page 117-118,

Saffron is not included in American and British pharmacopoeias, but some Indian medical formulae still include it.

2002，James A. Duke (editor)，CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices，頁 129:

Saffron is the stigma of the crocus flower, which is harvested by hand, dried, and sold either in strands or ground to powder.[…]Of all the medieval spices, saffron was the most expensive, which is not surprising given that 70,000 flowers only yield one pound of dried stigmas. In the European cookbooks of the late Middle Ages, nearly all of which which reflect refined upper-class dining, saffron is ubiquitous.

2004，Melitta Weiss Adamson，Food in Medieval Times，頁 15:

Saffron is often called the “golden spice.”

2011, Mathew Attokaran, Natural Food Flavors and Colorants, unnumbered page,

saffron：

[…] The stately Ram

1728, James Thomson, Spring, London: A. Millar & G. Strahan, p. 18,

[…] the girls locked up Echo Lodge again and went away in the perfect half hour that follows the rose and saffron of a winter sunset.

1915, Lucy Maud Montgomery, Anne of the Island, Chapter 7,

These colours might have been expressly designed—by dissonance as much as harmony—for juxtaposition against those pouring down in brilliant rays of light from the Tiepolo; subtle yet penetrating pinks and greys, light blue turning almost to lavender, rich saffrons and cinnamons melting into bronze and gold.

1973，Anthony Powell，Temporary Kings，頁 82:

The classical shades of Antiquity were the most prevalent, but along with the Venetian reds and Egyptian blues, the saffrons and ochres and indigos, were more delicate hues: of pink and cream and lilac, like shells littered upon the shore.

2011, Seth Hunter, The Winds of Folly, unnumbered page,


safflower

源自中古法語 safleur，源自阿拉伯語 أَصْفَر (ʔaṣfar，“黃色”)，不過受safran (“番紅花”)和fleur (“花”)的影響。

Safflower is unusual: if you add alkalis to the dye broth it is yellow; with acids it goes a beautiful crimson pink which is the colour of the original ‘red’ tape once tied around legal documents in England […].


moai

源自拉帕努伊語 mo'ai (“雕像”)。

摩艾石像（復活節島的巨型石製雕像）

As the years passed, the Moais and Ahus became larger and larger, many with red scoria top crowns weighing as much as ten tons.

2012, John Loret, John T. Tanacredi, Easter Island, Springer Science & Business Media (ISBN 9781461501831), page 26:


saith

saithe的另一種寫法


saithe

源自古諾爾斯語 seið。


simplified

同類詞：traditional


shinjitai

kyūjitai

新字體（日本自1947年以後推行的漢字）。

新字體（日本自1947年以後推行的漢字）。


kyūjitai

借自日語 旧字体 (kyūjitai)。

shinjitai

舊字體（日本1947年以前所使用的漢字字形）。

舊字體（日本1947年以前所使用的漢字字形）。


PRC

來自中華人民共和國的移民（與在本地出生的新加坡華人相對）

"It doesn't matter," she said. "They may still think you're a PRC who obtained a British passport."

“沒關係的。”她說，“他們可能還會覺得你是拿著英國護照的中國人。”

2014年May1日，Helier Cheung，“'No Indians No PRCs': Singapore's rental discrimination problem”, in BBC:


Hanzi

來自官話 漢字／汉字 (Hànzì)。kanji 的同源對似詞。

On May 21, 1957, the Jen min je pao published the text of the previous day’s discussions during which writers and scholars of various tendencies had examined before the Commission the proposed reform (which, in the opinion of certain “leftists,” entailed in fact the suppression of the han tzŭ, the Chinese characters).

[1959，Etiemble，“One China or Two?”, in Evergreen Review，卷 2, 期 8, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 31:


mapo doufu

源自官話 麻婆豆腐 (mápó dòufu)。


saler

源自古法語 salière，源自拉丁語 salarius，源自拉丁語 sal (“鹽”)。


samisen

He sees her chastened and cast-down eyes as she kneels and tinkles away on her samisen

她跪下彈奏三味線的時候，他看見她內疚低垂的眼睛


samovar

源自俄語 самова́р (samovár，字面意思是“自行煮沸的”)，源自само́ (samó，“自己”) + вари́ть (varítʹ，“煮”)。

茶炊，薩摩瓦爾（俄式茶壺）

Come on now with the samovar - and make haste sorting the letter-bag.

1919, Ronald Firbank, Valmouth, Duckworth, hardback edition, page 107

Eurydice pointed to the cupboard, and sat down on the low divan with folded hands, and looked at the floor.[…]Elsa made her drink a glass of vodka. Then she fetched the samovar from the kitchen, and made tea.

1932，Maurice Baring，章號 20, in Friday's Business:


ethnic cleansing

可能仿譯自塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 etničko čišćenje，原用於20世紀90年代南斯拉夫內戰。


cleansing

Regular skin cleansing may help to prevent acne.

定期清潔皮膚可以避免痤瘡。


Schwarzenegger

/ˈʃwɔːɹtsənˌɛɡə/

/ˈʃwɔːɹtsənˌɛɡəɹ/

肌肉非常發達的健美運動員

He rubbed his hands together. "Believe it or not, there was a time when I considered giving acting a go. What do you think, Miss Fox?" He flexed impressive biceps. "Would I have had a chance against the Schwarzeneggers and the Chuck Norris types?"

Unless you are another Schwarzenegger, or you have a doctorate in muscle growth, forget the heavy mob, (bless 'em).

2000，Lou Ravelle，Gym Biz: Starting and Running Your Own Gym for Profit，頁 8:

Fussell finally competed in a contest. He came in second, but he clearly wasn't going to be the next Schwarzenegger—and finally something snapped. "Having come three thousand miles, having gained eighty pounds, I wanted out."

2001，Bill McKibben，Long Distance: A Year of Living Strenuously，頁 79:

That's simply not enough time to build the massive quads that are great for cycling but are a hindrance to distance running, or to become the next Schwarzenegger in the gym.


performing arts

表演藝術，包含表演的藝術形式，可能有跳舞、戲劇、音樂等。


santorum

源自美國保守派參議員Rick Santorum的姓氏。他曾將同性戀比作獸交，又稱達到規定年齡的成年人在性行為方面並不享有憲法規定的隱私權。此後，美國專欄作家Dan Savage收集了讀者的意見，舉辦了一場比賽來定義並“銘記這次醜聞”。Savage 建立了相關網站來定義這個詞並推廣出去。
姓氏源自意大利語；參見Santorum。

肛交時潤滑劑和糞便混合而成的物質 （自21世紀）

She wads up the t-shirt, uses it to wipe a trickle of santorum from her ass, and throws it under the cot.

2005，Jack R. Dunn，Hard，存檔自the original on 2011-09-12，頁 134:

In the “for what it's worth” department, the frothy mixture of lube and fecal matter that is sometimes the byproduct of anal sex is called santorum.
Safety Warning #6: Be particularly cautious where this santorum goes. As previously noted, you don't want to get any fecal matter in the vaginal area. Bad safety risk.

2007，Robert J. Rubel，Squirms, Screams and Squirts: Now you can turn great sex into extraordinary sex，Nazca Plains, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 65:

Then, one of them broke ranks and rammed his blood-lubed fist straight up my ass and twisted hard, pulled it out and licked the santorum clean.

2008，Richard J. Polney，“A Horrible Night of Research and Erudite Bloodletting”, in Men on the Edge: Dangerous Erotica，Hemdon: StarBooks, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 38:

Any residents not burned alive in the fires or drowned in the flood will be made to drink a mixture of bodily fluids typically deposited in on the streets during Mardi Gras until death. The mixture should consist of (but is not limited to) sweat, snot, urine, saliva, tears, vomit, sexual fluids, and feces and santorum.

2008，Austen James，Hate Starve Curse: A Disagreeable Man's Search for Nothingness in the Face of Everythingness，第1st版, Broken Science, →ISBN, →OL，頁 30:

I'll fuck you till my dick's dry / Squirt santorum in my eye

2011年April1日，“Booty Sex”, in Icemilk 作曲, Sofa King Delicious, ASIN B00510PZO0:

沒用的東西，沒有價值的東西 （自21世紀）

a lying sack of santorum.

2004年February5日，Ian S.，“Re: If Bush Wasn't A Deserter, What Was He?”, in alt.politics.democrats (Usenet), message-ID <tijUb.2347$Yj.960@lakeread02>:

I think this is a load of santorum.

2005年June29日，Chris Linthompson，“Re: New word, "martinize"”, in talk.origins (Usenet), message-ID <1120058301.549994.211740@z14g2000cwz.googlegroups.com>:

What a bunch of santorum.

2006年January18日，"leftie"，“Re: Hey Julia!”, in rec.music.gdead (Usenet), message-ID <dqmpqs$2mpp$1@agate.berkeley.edu>:

Those freakin' Devil's Advocate Moderators have no sense of decorum— They're just like a bunch of hungry predators... totally fuckin' full of fuckin' santorum!

2009，Jacques TwisT，Lady MaMarazz' "Ain't No Shame like the Fame Game", →ISBN，頁 146:


cumshot

射精鏡頭/射精場景：色情影片或雜誌中，男演員射精的畫面或片段。

The focus here is on Blow Job’s seeming deviations from one of hard-core pornography's staples, the cum shot or money shot--that is, the ejaculation outside the sex partner's body as visual proof for the camera that male satisfaction has been achieved.

2003，Roy Grundmann，Andy Warhol's Blow Job，頁 24:

The cum shot forms hardcore's pinnacle. It depicts ejaculation in close-up, always occurring outside the body of the sexual partner.

2004，Mieke Bal，Narrative Theory: Political narratology，頁 297:

I began by specifying the conventions of the cum shot. In feature porn, ejaculation achieves its prominence under several precise conditions. [...] The first simply demands that ejaculation be visible. It is shown in the closest of possible close-ups. As the camera zooms in, the male performer withdraws from the body of his co-star, proceeds to masturbate, and ejaculates over his or her face, chest, belly, back or buttocks.

2007，Murat Aydemir，Images of bliss: ejaculation, masculinity, meaning，頁 95:


pearl necklace

在他人的頸部、胸部或乳房處射精，參見珍珠项链 (性行为)

I decided not to push it and pulled things back a smidge by positioning her on her back next to the sink and drilling her like a fucking jackhammer until I felt that telling tingle and it was time to give her eyes a pearl necklace.

2012, Gavin McInnes, How to Piss in Public: From Teenage Rebellion to the Hangover of Adulthood, p. 149:

“So, like, do you mean he hasn't come in your mouth? Is he more of a pearl necklace kind of guy? ... “You know what a pearl necklace is, right?”

2016, Helena Hunting, Jessica Royer Ocken, Pucked Over:

He whispered in her ear, “Good morning, slave. I love morning sex. This morning, I'm going to fuck these amazing tits and give you a lovely pearl necklace.”


anal beads

Before using anal beads made of plastic, be sure to file down any irregular areas with an emery board to keep from injuring yourself.

2003, Hilda Hutcherson - What Your Mother Never Told You about Sex page 169


double dildo

double dildos (plural)
double dildoes (plural)

double dong

雙頭龍：兩頭均可用於插入的假陰莖

double penetration dildo

雙頭龍：兩頭均可用於插入的假陰莖

double-ended dildo

雙頭龍：兩頭均可用於插入的假陰莖

double-sided dildo

雙頭龍：兩頭均可用於插入的假陰莖

雙頭龍：兩頭均可用於插入的假陰莖

I get a double dildo and slide it into both openings. She moans with delight and throws her body around and trembles uncontrollably. At this point in my imaginings, I come.

Even the much more staid Shanghai site featured in its display and its pamphlet a double dildo, a penis on each side, purportedly used by lesbians in the sixteenth or seventeenth century.

2007，Paul Rutherford，A world made sexy: Freud to Madonna，頁 38:


sabzi

源自印地語 सब्ज़ी (sabzī)，源自波斯語 سبزی (sabzi)。

印度大麻的大葉和種皮，用來製作麻醉品


tomater

tomato的發音拼寫。


savant

借自法語 savant，源自拉丁語 sapiō。sapient 的同源對似詞。

idiot savant

低能特才（在某一方面精通，但有心智障礙者）

低能特才（在某一方面精通，但有心智障礙者）


NaCl

來自化學式；參見Na、Cl。


emoticon

/ɪˈməʊtɪˌkɒn/

用圖像來表示特殊情感，特別用在SMS、email或其他電子通訊平台。 使用文本字符組成的圖形，用於表達情感。

A remark intended humorously is often indicated by the letter G in parentheses, for "grin," or by a sideways happy face built from punctuation marks. Such symbols are known as emoticons.

[1992年December1日，William Grimes，“Computer as a Cultural Tool: Chatter Mounts on Every Topic”, in The New York Times，頁 C13:

In a 4 by 2 experimental procedure, :) ;) :( or no emoticon were inserted alternately in simulated e-mail message mock-ups

2006，Joseph B. Walther，“Nonverbal dynamics in computer-mediated communication”, in The SAGE Handbook of Nonverbal Communication, →ISBN，頁 470:

The range of interpretations was surprising broad, for instance the emoticon (-.-) had 16 possible interpretations

2007，M. Yanagisawa, M. Kobayashi, Y. Kato, S. Kato, and D. Scott，“Research on the emotions interpreted from emoticons in Japanese cellular telephone email”, in Supporting Learning Flow through Integrative Technologies, →ISBN，頁 271:

用圖像來表示特殊情感，特別用在SMS、email或其他電子通訊平台。 用於表達情感的圖像或圖標。

In addition to placing emoticons by clicking icons in the pop-up panel shown in Figure 4-2, you can enter the text representation in your text chat window. For example, to show the image of the emoticon with sunglasses, you enter (cool).

2007，Loren Abdulezer, Susan Abdulezer, and Howard Dammond，Skype for Dummies, →ISBN，頁 61:


emojification

/ɪˌməʊd͡ʒɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

將文字轉變為表情符號（例如：輸入「微笑」變為🙂）或用現有的圖像創造表情符號。

I know I am going to enjoy all the emojification extensions and making life harder on my coworkers.

[…] to send text, pictures, videos, sound, and location, including bubble and screen effects, emoji tapbacks and full-on emojification, digital touch and handwriting […]

2017，James Perren，Applications of CALL Theory in ESL and EFL Environments，頁 46:

The goal of this study is to assess the demand for “emojification” of Turkish cultural symbols and determine the appropriate symbols to use in cultural interaction in Turkey.

2017, Gülcan Şener & G. Motif Atar, "The Transformation of Unique Turkish Cultural Symbols into Emoji: A Study of Cultural Symbols in Digital Communications", İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, Number 53 (2017), page 191:


adjutant

源自拉丁語 adiūtō，adiuvō (“幫助”)的持續態。最早見於17世紀。或源自拉丁語adiuvāns，adiuvō的現在分詞，源自iuvō (“幫助”)。

Aquatic birds of various kinds are very numerous, such as geese, darters (Plotus melanogaster), scissor-bills (Rhynchops nigra), adjutants (Leptoptilos argala), pelicans, cormorants, cranes (Grus antigone, in Burmese gyoja), whimbrels, plovers, and ibises.

1876, "Burmah" in the Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. IV, p. 552:


admiring

We must keep up a constant worship of God in our families, and in our closets; we must be frequent in holy adorings and admirings of God.

1847, Matthew Henry, James Hamilton, Daily communion with God


adornment

The draperies did little to keep out the light; rather, they were mainly there as adornment for the windows.

這些幔子遮不了什麼光，主要是作為窗戶的裝飾。


adulthood

Son, now that you have reached adulthood, you are in the time of your life during which you are expected to take responsibility for your actions and for your well-being.

兒子，你已經進入成年，就應該對自己的行為和幸福負責。

The boy entered adulthood by undergoing a rite of passage.

那個男孩子進行成年禮後進入成年。

The things learned in childhood will effect a person throughout its adulthood.

孩童時期學到的東西對人的影響會貫穿整個成年時期。


adulteress

adulteresses (plural)
adulterer (masculine)


adulterer

adulterers (plural)
adulteress (feminine)

Under the canon-law rule, a married participant is an adulterer and an umarried one is a fornicator.

2009 Garner's Modern American Usage page 22

I become an adulterer and remain an adulterer when, by choice, I freely adopt the proposal to have sex with someone other than my wife.

2005 The Great Life: Essays on Doctrine and Holiness page 140

The Word of God says that you, my reader, should be sure that no fornicator or adulterer or adulteress has any inheritance in the Kingdom of Christ and of God.

2016 Freedom From The Sin of Adultery And Fornication page 110


Hangeul

來自朝鮮語 한글 (han'geul，“諺文”)。

hangeul (alternative)
Han-geul (alternative)
han-geul (alternative)
Hangul (alternative)
hangul (alternative)
Hangŭl (alternative)
hangŭl (alternative)
Han'gŭl (alternative)
han'gŭl (alternative)
Hankul (alternative)
hankul (alternative)

Chosongul

諺文/韓文，朝鮮語文字系統。

Hangeul/hangeul的寫法源自1959版SKATS和2000年韩国文化体育观光部式轉寫，Hangul源自更舊的马科恩-赖肖尔式轉寫hangŭl。英語維基詞典一般使用hangeul。

한글 (han'geul)是韓國/南韓的官方名稱，조선글 (朝鮮글, joseon'geul)是朝鮮/北韓的官方名稱。因此，學者可能在提及韓國/南韓時使用Hangeul，提及朝鮮/北韓時使用Chosongul。

諺文/韓文，朝鮮語文字系統。


romaja

借自朝鮮語 로마자 (romaja)，源自로마 (Roma, “羅馬”) + 자 (字, ja)。

/ɹoʊˈmɑːd͡ʒə/


Chosongul

chosongul (alternative)
Chosŏn'gŭl (alternative)
chosŏn'gŭl (alternative)
Choson'gul (alternative)
choson'gul (alternative)
Joseongeul (alternative)
joseongeul (alternative)
Cosenkul (alternative)
cosenkul (alternative)


Glagolitic

來自新拉丁語 glagoliticus，來自古教會斯拉夫語 глаголица (glagolica)，來自глаголъ (glagolŭ，“詞語，話語”)，格拉哥里字母拼寫ⰳⰾⰰⰳⱁⰾⰻⱌⰰ (glagolica)。

/ˌɡlæɡəʊˈlɪtɪk/

/ˌɡlæɡəˈlɪtɪk/


Ogham

不清楚，可能源自愛爾蘭語 og-úaim “由武器尖端造成的伤痕”，源自歐甘字母的形狀。

ogham (alternative)
ogam (alternative)
Oghams (plural)


Zhuang

來自官話 壯／壮 (Zhuàng)。

Chuang (alternative)
Zhuangs (plural)
Zhuang (plural)

壯族：住在中國南方广西壮族自治区的少數民族


Shikoku

源自日語 四国 (しこく, Shikoku)。


Fraktur

fraktur的大小寫替代形式


bitcoin

Bitcoin (alternative)
BitCoin (alternative)
bitcoins (plural)
bitcoin (plural)

This item costs one bitcoin.

Each time you succeed in creating a hash, you are rewarded with 25 bitcoins, the block chain is updated and all the users on the network are notified.

2013，John Davidson，How to Make Money Online With Digital Currency Bitcoins, →ISBN:

They buy bitcoins at a lower price then sell them at a higher value.

2014，Kinsley Wallace，Bitcoins: How to Invest, Buy and Sell: A Guide to Using the Bitcoin, →ISBN:

There are lots of ways to earn bitcoin.

2014，Joanne Falvey，Tale of the Bitcoin Kid: Learn about earning, →ISBN:

But consider that a significant amount of bitcoin is also being held by investors. Those investors do not plan to sell their bitcoin for some time because they are speculating that due to its utility as MoIP, demand will continue to rise and so too will its value.

2017，Chris Burniske & Jack Tatar，Cryptoassets, →ISBN:


ænigmata

These ænigmata consist of twenty tetrastica, or stanzas of four lines, on various subjects ; as the earth, the wind, clouds, nature, the rainbow, the moon, fortune, salt, the nettle and such like — of fourteen pentasticha of five lines, of thirteen hexasticha of six lines each, nineteen stanzas of seven lines, ten of eight lines, eleven of nine lines, and thirteen of ten lines each.

1839, Sharon Turner, The History of England: From the Earliest Period to the Death of Elizabeth, book IX, page 374:

Intermixed with these ænigmata, we find towards the latter part of the volume other poems, religious and miscellaneous.

1826, John Josias Conybeare, Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon Poetry, page 213:

In some cases, the parable possesses the interest of the riddle itself ; the examination and solution of which are so interesting to the human intellect, that the history and religious doctrines of ancient nations were often at once preserved and disguised in the form of such ænigmata.

1830, The Quarterly Review, article V, page 486:

It is sufficiently obvious, that the first of these ænigmata relates to the Chess-Knight, the second to the Chess-Queen, and the last to the Chess-Pawn ; but the third receives unusual illustration by a view of the Pawns which form part of the set discovered in the Isle of Lewis, which present to us the octagonal shape alluded to by Gest ; and this adds a collateral proof in support of their Northern manufacture.

1841, Chess Player’s Chronicle, page 272:

…the cleric’s name, Cynewulf, becomes in sequence torch, bow, necessity, horse, happiness, man, sea, wealth. His signature was a cryptogram, one of those ænigmata so congenial to the Anglo-Saxon imagination. The works where the runes are inserted are all of a homiletic nature…

2002, Peter Ackroyd, Albion: The Origins of the English Imagination, page 22 (Chatto & Windus):


hypercorrection

矯枉過正，（對正確形式過分追求而）糾正過頭


gatta

They went into the pub and started a fight. One that was just bad enough for someone to call the boere. When the gattas arrived they got donnered for their trouble.

2005, Al Lovejoy, Acid Alex, Zebra Press (2005), ISBN 1770070931, page 167:


sazan

源自俄語 саза́н (sazán)，源自突厥語族，源自原始突厥語 *sāŕV-gan (“鯉魚；蛇；龍”)。


kwukyel

借用自朝鮮語 구결(口訣) (gugyeol)，來自中古漢語 口訣 (中古 khuwX kwet)，口 (kǒu) + 訣／诀 (jué)。
拼寫來自kwūkyel的耶魯拼音。

用于表示加注于汉文的朝鲜语助词的朝鲜语文字。


scimitar

最早見於1548年。源自中古法語 cimeterre或直接源自意大利語 scimitarra，可能通過一鄂圖曼土耳其語詞語，源自波斯語 شمشیر (šamšir，“劍”)。

The Prince of Morocco:

c. 1596-97, William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, Act II scene i:


post-traumatic stress disorder

posttraumatic stress disorder (alternative)
post traumatic stress disorder (alternative)

An example of the contract, read out in the committee said: “I understand that exposure to this content may give me post traumatic stress disorder. I will engage in a mandatory wellness coaching session but I understand that those are not conditions and may not be sufficient to prevent my contracting PTSD.”

2021年May12日，Cristina Criddle，“Facebook moderator: ‘Every day was a nightmare’”, in BBC News:


scull

源自中古英語 sculle (“一對槳”)，源頭不明，可能源自北日耳曼語支，源自古諾爾斯語 skola (“沖洗”)。


scull

參見skull。動詞義可能派生自丹麥語/挪威語/瑞典語 skål。

The scull is a head piece, without visor or bever, resembling a bowl or bason, such as was worn by our cavalry, within twenty or thirty years.

1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 11.


scull

Of fish that with their fins and shining scales
Glide under the green wave , in sculls that oft
Bank the mid sea: part single, or with mate,

处处是鱼群，在绿色的波浪之下，他们静悄悄地游动，鱼翅和鱼鳞闪闪发光，鱼群如此之多，以至于常常在海中形成堤坝。有的与众不同，单身或者带着配偶，

1667，John Milton，“Book VII”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:


traumatic

/tɹɔːˈmætɪk/


seconde

一種防守姿勢，持劍手在腰部高度、呈俯臥姿勢，劍尖低於護手盤的高度。


seducer

誘姦者，哄騙他人與自己發生性關係的人（多指男性）


seeming

I am not what I seemed to her, he thought, and doubtless she is not what she seemed to me, but it is our lot to be irrevocably condemned to seemings and to deserve them too.

1971, Iris Murdoch, An Accidental Man, New York: Viking, p. 162,

Nothing more cleare vnto their seeming, then that a new Jerusalem being often spoken of in Scripture, they vndoubtedly were themselues that newe Ierusalem,

1604, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiasticall Politie, London, Preface, p. 39,

[…] in her ears the sound
Yet rung of his perswasive words, impregn’d
With Reason, to her seeming, and with Truth;

1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book 8, lines 736-738,


booke

TO ALL SVCH AS HAVE receiued either pleasure or profite by the two former published bookes of this Argument: And to all beside, that desire to know the wonderfull slie deuises of this hellish crew of Conny-catchers. ]

1592，R. G.，The Third And Last Part Of Conny-Catching. (1592):

Scene 10: Enter five or sixe Protestants with bookes, and kneele together.

1594，Christopher Marlowe，Massacre at Paris:

Now in good truth I wood theis bookes were burnd That rapp men from their friends before their time, How does my uncles friend, no other name I need give him, to whom I give my selfe.

1606，anonymous author，“Sir Gyles Goosecappe”, in A Collection of Old English Plays, Vol. III:


manhwa

源自朝鮮語 만화(漫畫) (manhwa)，源自日語 漫画 (manga)。manga 的同源對似詞。

In fact, many manga fans don't realize that their favorite comics — such as Priest, Ragnarock, and Island — are actually Korean manhwa!

2004, Christopher Hart, Manhwa Mania: How to Draw Korean Comics, Watson-Guptill Publications (2004), ISBN 082302976X, page 7:

Since the Korean language reads left to right (unlike Chinese and Japanese), manhwa are printed left to right in the same format as English books.

2007, Jason Thompson, Manga: The Complete Guide, Del Rey (2007), ISBN 9780345539441, unnumbered page:

As the best Japanese titles were mined, the American companies began to look for alternatives, and Tokyopop's founder Stuart Levy already had a budding interest in Korean manhwa.

2008, Mark James Russell, Pop Goes Korea: Behind the Revolution in Movies, Music, and Internet Culture, Stone Bridge Press (2008), ISBN 9781611725421, unnumbered page:


doujinshi

借自日語 同人誌 (dōjinshi)，源自同人 (dōjin，“志同道合者；興趣愛好相同的人”) + 誌 (shi，“雜誌，冊子”)。

同人誌；同人（非官方）之二次創作內容


selfie

源自self + -ie。最早出現於2002年，原是澳洲英語。

Um, drunk at a mates^([sic]) 21st, I tripped ofer^([sic]) and landed lip first (with front teeth coming a very close second) on a set of steps. I had a hole about 1cm long right through my bottom lip. And sorry about the focus, it was a selfie.

2002 September 13, N. "Hopey" Hope, "re: Dissolvable stitches" https://web.archive.org/web/20131123194231/http://www2b.abc.net.au/science/k2/stn/archives/archive32/newposts/169/topic169861.shtm, ABC Online Forum selfie photo:

Pre. Nice rooftop selfie. […] No Hair. Another nice rooftop selfie.

2004 October 21, Brian McGuirk, "bmcguirk's photos." https://web.archive.org/web/20041126014124/http://www.flickr.com/photos/mcguirk/, Flickr:

That's not to imply that it's "wrong" for your arm or hand to show up in a selfie.

2005, Jim Krause, Photo Idea Index, HOW Books (2005), ISBN 9781581807660, page 148:

Barack Obama was talking to David Cameron and with the Danish Prime Minister, and that’s when she actually reached into her purse and brought out a cell phone and stretched her arms and did a selfie with them.

2013 December 13, Roberto Schmidt (guest), Brooke Gladstone (interviewer and editor), “The Photographer Behind ‘Selfie-Gate’”, On the Media, National Public Radio:

I shall take this photograph myself. This must be what they call a selfie.

2017 Lord Stag, "Say Cheese", Lily's Driftwood Bay


canned laughter

罐頭笑聲，電視節目中提前錄製好、插入的笑聲音效


sexton

源自古法語 segrestien，源自中世紀拉丁語 sacristanus，基於拉丁語 sacer (“神聖的”)。


sacristan

源自法語 sacristain、晚期拉丁語 sacrista，源自拉丁語 sacer。參見sacred，對比sexton。

And hence the custom and law began

1793, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Christabel

The church was looked after by an old sacristan who lived in a cottage on the shore of the lake.

教堂由一個老司事看守，他住在湖邊的一間小屋子裡。

1932，Maurice Baring，章號 10, in Friday's Business:


shisha

借自埃及阿拉伯語 شيشة (šīša)，源自土耳其語 şişe，源自波斯語 شیشه (šīša，“玻璃，鏡子”)。

mirrorwork

一種刺繡手法，將能反光的金屬繡在布料上

一種刺繡手法，將能反光的金屬繡在布料上


shumac

sumac的另一種拼寫法

In dying a Cotton Gown Black. [...] For a gown, take half a pint of ground shumac and put it into a sieve, and place it in a pan; then pour boiling water on it, and let the shumac water run into the pan; then put in your gown, and let it steep for six hours; [...]

1817，William Tucker，“On Dying Cottons, Dresses, Bed-furniture, &c. &c.”, in The Family Dyer and Scourer; being a Complete Treatise on the Whole Art of Cleaning and Dying: […]，London: Printed for Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, […], →OCLC，頁s 102–103:

Often, on descending into the narrow valleys, we found a little spot of cultivation, a garden, or a field hedged round with shumacs, rhododendrons, and azalias, and a cottage covered with roses.

1832，[Frances Milton] Trollope，章號 XVIII, in Domestic Manners of the Americans. […]，London: Printed for Whittaker, Treacher, & Co.; […], →OCLC，頁 160:


siafu

借自斯瓦希里語 siafu。

Male driver ants leave the colony soon after they hatch but are drawn to the scent trails left by colonies of siafu ants when they reach sexual maturity.

2016，Kevin Baker，The World's Most Dangerous Animals:


eye dialect

來自eye + dialect，類比eye rhyme。最早由George Philip Krapp於1925年在其著作 The English Language in America 中使用，指使用了非標準拼寫法的書面對話。

非標準拼法要被認定為“視覺方言”，要看地區或區域。比如fatha（father）是不發r音地區（如英格蘭大部分地方）口音的視覺方言，但在發r音地區（如美國大部分地方）則會被認定為方言或按發音的拼寫。

非標準的拼寫（雖然其代表的發音是標準發音），經常用來表示說話者的語言是非標準或方言用法。

這樣的一組非標準拼法、說話方式。


wimmin

視覺方言，也作為女性主義者拼寫，以故意避開 women 一詞中含有的men。

wimmen (alternative)
wymyn (alternative)
womyn (alternative)

women的視覺方言拼法。

I thank the lord that thare aint menny wimmin in the wurld who want tu know evry thing. I kalkerlate that 9 out ov evry 10 ov the wimmin who luv their huzbands and glory in their children, will sa that tha had ruther be looked down upon in luving tenderniss than tu be looked up tu in silent aw.

"Damn waste of time," he always said of the convention. "Nothin but drinkin and wimmin, and none of the wimmin even worth lookin at, let alone that other thing."

2009，Stephen King，Nightmares & Dreamscapes，頁 195:

women的女性主義者拼寫

This is about wimmin sticking together (bois too), and fighting for equal rights and opportunities for everyone, regardless of gender, ethnicity, or sexual orientation.

2005，Dawn Keetley，Public Women, Public Words，頁 425:

So eager was I to meet new wimmin-lovin' wimmin—or even just some womyn-lovin' womyn—one didn't need a Ouija board to figure out that I would fling myself forthwith into the world of regional Amazonia.

2011，Terry Castle，The Professor: And Other Writings，頁 215:


boyz

boys的視覺方言拼法。

大人小孩雙拍檔


sild

源自挪威語、丹麥語 sild，源自古諾爾斯語 síld。參見sile、sillock。

小條鯡魚（一般做成罐頭，作為沙丁魚售賣）


week-end

1950年代以後，weekend成為主流寫法。


Ayrab

Arab的視覺方言拼法。

That's what I think of fuckin' Ayrabs. How's the old man takin' it?

They all Muslims, and they don' wanna see a fuck-up like them Ayrabs who blew up the Trade Center gittin' caught.

2005，Abraham Rothberg，The Holy Warriors:


just deserts

desert在這裡使用複數形deserts，意為「那些事物應受到懲罰」。“desert”现在属古旧用法，除了本短语外很少使用。

just desserts的拼寫形式為非正式。有些時候會作為雙關使用，例如餐廳名稱。

It may appear that they're getting ahead by cheating, but they'll get their just deserts in the end.

现在看起来他们好像通过作弊拿到了好成绩，不过他们最后会自食其果的。


matched

同類詞：traditional


simit

借自鄂圖曼土耳其語 سمید (simit)，源自波斯語 سمید (semid，“粗麵粉”)，源自阿拉伯語 سَمِيد (samīd，“粗麵粉”)，源自亞拉姆語 סְמִידָא / ܣܡܻܝܕܳܐ (səmīḏā)，源自阿卡德語 𒆠𒅔𒆠𒅔𒄯𒄯 (/samīdu/，“粗麵粉”)，與阿卡德語 𒀀𒊏𒄯𒄯 (/samādu/，“碾磨”)有關。

一種土耳其式麵包圈，一般撒上芝麻食用


sinch

cinch (“肚帶”)的另一種寫法


Chinese radish

daikon之同義詞，特別指中國變種。


quintuplex

quintuplet之同義詞；五倍量；五個一組

Indeed, physiologically considered, the liver is the great original duplex, while anatomically, it is the enigmatical quintuplex; for it has five lobes, five vessels, five ligaments, five fissures, and, singularlly^([sic]) enough, five letters spells its name.

1878年August15日，Rob[er]t N[ewton] Tooker，“A New Indictment Against the Liver”, in The United States Medical Investigator. A Semi-Monthly Journal of the Medical Sciences.，卷 VIII, 期 4 (whole 220), Chicago, Ill.: The […] Press, […]，頁 189:

The last-mentioned, the smallest, a girl, was the first-born of the quintuplex and is the one that has survived.

1880年March22日，“Five Babies at One Birth”, in The Lancaster Intelligencer，卷 XVI, 期 172, Lancaster, Pa.，頁 [1]，列 5:

And the Pacemaker outperforms all conventional triplexes and quintuplexes.

For the purposes of this presentation, it was assumed that water was to be injected at 2,500 psig and that piston pumps graduating from small triplexes to large quintuplexes would be employed.

1969，Materials Requirements for Petroleum Exploration and Production，National Petroleum Council，頁 135:

Typical configurations are simplexes (one plunger), triplexes (three plungers), and quintuplexes (five plungers).

1999，Charles F. Conaway，The Petroleum Industry: A Nontechnical Guide，Tulsa, Okla.: PennWell Corporation, →ISBN:

Clemson Homes has 32 duplexes with two- and three-bedroom units, four quadruplexes and four quintuplexes, providing a total of 100 apartments.

Between 1900 and 1930, thousands of these duplexes, triplexes, quadruplexes, and quintuplexes were built along Montréal’s straight streets.

2000 April，Québec, 2000–2001，Ulysses Travel Guides, →ISBN，頁 39，列 1:

The residential sector, which covers most of the territory, includes duplexes, triplexes, quintuplexes and bungalows.

2006，Janet Auty-Carlisle，Kai Hansen，“Areas”, in Relocation 101: Focus on Montréal，第second版, Canadian Relocation Systems, →ISBN, section “City of Montréal Communities”, subsection “Saint-Léonard”，頁 41:


Cajun

盎格魯化的阿卡迪亞法語 Cadien（來自Acadien (“阿卡迪亞的”)的詞首音省略），在阿卡迪亞方言表現為顎音/dj/到/d͡ʒ/。

Cajin (alternative)
Cadjin (alternative)
Cagin (alternative)
Cadien (alternative)
Cajuns (plural)

coonass

一些住在路易斯安那州中未受教育和貧窮的法裔人。

卡津人/卡郡人，來自阿卡迪亞族群底下的後裔，主要說法語，住在南路易斯安那州。

一些住在路易斯安那州中未受教育和貧窮的法裔人。

Damn Cajuns! They're all a bunch of lazy coonasses!


incharge

掌管某事的人；公司管理員工部門的相關人員；經理，監督


fishball

fish ball (alternative)
fish-ball (alternative)
fishballs (plural)


fish ball

"I know. You have to look for cheap things when you're poor. Father and I took meals out a lot. We had beans and fish balls most generally. We used to say how glad we were we liked beans—that is, we said it specially when we were looking at the roast turkey place, you know, that was sixty cents. Does Mr. Pendleton like beans?"

1913 Eleanor Porter: Pollyanna: Chapter 8:


curry powder

咖喱粉/咖哩粉，一種混合香料


belovite

來自Nikolai Vassilievich Belov（俄羅斯礦物學家）的姓， + -ite。


yin

來自羅馬化的漢語陰／阴 (yīn)。

"Steamed fish and chicken and vegetable soup and even mushrooms are considered cooling foods, edible materializations of the yang, the pure primal air. The yin, or earth element, inheres in fried dishes and especially in shark's fin soup. Am I right, Mr Lee?"

1956，Anthony Burgess，Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy)，出版於 1972，頁 187:


honey bee

honeybee (alternative)
honey bees (plural)


jumps

18世紀婦女穿的一種緊身上衣。


show window

商店的展示櫥窗，一般沿街放置


sked

schedule第一個音節的重拼。

Smaller-town indies are lopping off early-week skeds with winter among us.

1989, The Film Journal (volume 92, issues 1-6)

Gibbs saying that the reason HRC delayed releasing her sked was that she was “hiding” something, […]

2008年March20日，Ana Marie Cox，“Obama Conference Call”, in Times, retrieved 20150315:


shop window

源自中古英語 shop window、shop wyndowe，等同於shop + window。

The enthusiasm with which the private industry has treated the high speed rail concept can do the Corporation some good, and maybe even encourage the completion of the originally proposed electrification from New Haven to Boston. It will then have a high speed 'shop window', comparable with any in the world.

1985，Rodger Bradley，Amtrak: The US National Railroad Passenger Corporation，Blandford Press，頁 168:


EAROM

electrically alterable read-only memory (“可電改寫唯讀記憶體”)之首字母縮略詞；電腦記憶晶片類型（ROM）


amero

北美共同货币，理論上未來北美統一使用的貨幣

The amero notes and coins will have in common abstract designs on one side. Notes and coins will be produced in each of the three countries […]

2003, Louis-Philippe Rochon, Mario Seccareccia, Dollarization: lessons from Europe and the Americas

From the US point of view, the key benefit of the amero model - reduced transactions costs - would be fully duplicated by the dollarization alternative.

2006，Amy Verdun，Britain and Canada and their large neighboring monetary unions:

The Amero would increase the GDP of the US by only roughly 15%.

2006，Vasu Brown，Digital Xchange - Boring Ways to Learn the DX Market:


cryptozoologist

crypto- + zoologist，或 cryptozoology + -ist。

隱棲動物學學家、神秘動物學學家


anti-circumcisionist

Some anti-circumcisionists would outlaw the practice of infant circumcision, even for religious reasons.

1986, Bernard Ohanian, "Primal Cut: The Fight Over Circumcision", Mother Jones, April/May 1986, page 28:

Pro-circumcisionists have marshalled as many arguments in its favour as anti-circumcisionists have marshalled against it.

1999, Godfrey B. Tangwa, "Circumcision: An African Point of View", in Male and Female Circumcision (eds. George C. Denniston, Frederick Mansfield Hodges, & Marilyn Fayre Milos), Kluwer Academic (1999), ISBN 0306461315, page 183:

Entrenched customs die hard, and the task facing anti-circumcisionists is daunting. They can take heart, however, from the precedents: foot binding and widow burning, once widespread in China and India, respectively, have been abolished.

2003, Suzanne LaFont, Constructing Sexualities: Readings in Sexuality, Gender, and Culture, Prentice Hall (2003), ISBN 9780130096616, page 131:


sliver

源自中古英語 slivere, sliver，源自中古英語 sliven (“切，使裂開”)，源自古英語 slīfan（參見tōslīfan (“使裂開，使分開”)）。

切下的長薄片或尖碎片。 尤指扎進皮膚的碎片。

A sliver of bone has punctured a lung, and a small surgical operation was needed to remove it (would he like to keep the bone as a memento?--it is in a phial by his bedside).

2013, J. M. Coetzee, The Childhood of Jesus. Melbourne, Australia: The Text Publishing Company. chapter 27. p. 270.

梳理機產出的一小股鬆弛未打捲的棉花或其他纖維，可以進入紡織步驟。

用小魚做成的魚餌。對比kibblings.


sloboda

借自俄語 слобода́ (slobodá)，與斯拉夫語族通用詞“自由”有關。

歷史上俄羅斯、白俄羅斯和烏克蘭的一類居民點。


were-wolf

For its part, the vivid imagery of Servian folklore states that 'the power to become a were-wolf is obtained by drinking the water which settles in a foot-print left in the clay by a wolf.'

2013，Matthew Beresford，White Devil, →ISBN，頁 118:

This fancy Herodotus regards with incredulity, but his mention of it is none the less valuable, for the were-wolf is a figure which constantly appears in modern folk-lore.

2014，Henry Fanshawe Tozer，A History of Ancient Geography, →ISBN，頁 86:

If traditions of were-wolves are scanty in England, it is quite the reverse if we cross the water.

2017，Sabine Baring-Gould -，The Book of Were-Wolves:


were wolf

All these tortures he resisted till the hangman gave him an intoxicating draught, and under its influence he confessed that he was a were wolf after all.

1830，The Polar star of Entertainment and Popular Science:

"Ah! Madame!" they said, "what is the use, what can we do against a were wolf?"

They say that a person turns into a were wolf when he is bitten by another lycanthrope, or even by an ordinary wolf.

2009，Ferran Alexandri，The Big Book Of Fantastic Creatures, →ISBN，頁 19:


wehrwolf

Nice, imagining that Jean had heard—who knows? perhaps seen, the ghouls and wehrwolves who were calling him from without, clasped her horny hands round the neck of her young master […]

1896, Good Words and Sunday Magazine (volume 37, page 262)


werewolfess

I'm just an insignificant bard, prey to an evil werewolfess, who has been robbed of my belt

2004, Melody Tiamat, The Dragon's Bard 2: Land's End (page 196)


wolfess

wolvess (alternative)
wolfesses (plural)

The dog eloped with a white wolfess, and proved a good husband and father until his household was destroyed by relentless man.

“Yes, they got here hours ago, just about the time you went prowling around like a wolf, they were supposed to come tomorrow, but I guess they changed their minds on the date.” / “Wolf, am I?” Jack laughed, taking the hint belatedly. “Well, maybe I am, and you are the wolfess I’m after. Woof, woof, I am coming after you.” / Anna backed away feigning fear, then laughed.

“Another day in the George Lawrence Empire. Scene, the fox-trot ballroom. Characters, a wolfess aged forty-two and yours truly.” He rolled his eyes like a woman’s. “Tommy, hold me tight, will you honey?” he whispered in the role of the wolfess. Then the woman’s eyes changed into the sly and sad and abandoned eyes of a homo.

1954，Benjamin Appel，Sweet Money Girl: A Gold Medal Original，頁 64:

In the crowd that welcomed him home, consisting of about eleven creatures, for all the others were hiding under beds, there was a speed-crazy young wolfess, with built-in instantaneous pickup ability, and in no time at all the wolf and his new-found mate were setting new records for driving upside down, backward, blindfolded, handcuffed, and cockeyed, doubled and redoubled.

Allyn Ann McLerie slinks skillfully as cat and wolfess; Richard Hayes struts smoothly as “The Stork Who Married a Dumb Wife;” Kaye Ballard unleashes her lush voice, and Bert Convy and Nancy Haywood exploit their youthful vitality in numerous guises.

1963，New York Theatre Critics’ Reviews，頁 327，列 3:

To prove the truth of his story, the werewolf, “using his claw as a hand, drew off the pelt from the head of the wolfess and folded it back even as far down as the navel, whereupon there was plainly to be seen the body of an old woman.”

1971，Daniel Cohen，A Natural History of Unnatural Things，頁 46:

The dispute between Romulus and Remus, resulting in the death of Remus at the hands of Romulus, purportedly took place during their search for a new city-site to be situated near the place where they were suckled and saved by a wolfess when abandoned as infants.

1973，Roman Art in West Coast Collections，頁 49:

Once upon a time there was a pretty young wolfess who was happy and carefree. She liked to flirt with all the young wolves, go to rabbit runs, and sleep till noon. She enjoyed all the nice things that young, carefree wolfesses do.

1979，David Knox，Exploring Marriage and the Family，頁 45:

Ahead was a huge door to a walk-in safe, tucked behind in a long, partitioned desk and guarded by a pretty, prim-looking white wolfess in a Politzi-like ALPHA uniform. / Janoah walked over and exchanged salutes. The safe door was ajar, to her surprise. / “Who’s in there?” she demanded of the white wolfess.

2017，Adam Browne，Imperium Lupi，Dayfly Publications:

有侵略性的女人；肉食性女子。

He’ll enjoy the game, and if he goes into it with his eyes wide open, he won’t be ensnared by any tricks the wolfess plays on him. Not your man. He’s yours!

1946，Elizabeth Woodward，Let’s Have a Party，頁 19:

The hostess who invites only the gals whom she thinks she can outshine in looks and conversation, so that she’ll be queen of the ball, will swiftly win the reputation of having only female goons and creeps at her parties. Boys also duck the wolfess who manages to invite five men to every girl so that, although all of the frails enjoy a dizzy whirl, most of the men just stand around talking to one another. […] Keep your wolfess tactics away from a school dance or party, especially when they’re aimed at somebody else’s date.

1947，Betty Betz，The Betty Betz Party Book，頁s 16, 55:

[…] the types of girls you’re more likely to come across in your dating life.” There was the gold digger, the wolfess, and the catty character, but worst of all was the bad sport: […]

2002，Lynn Peril，Pink Think: Becoming a Woman in Many Uneasy Lessons, →ISBN，頁 148:

The use of -ess(e) to form the nouns of female animals spread after the introduction of lioness and gave rise, by analogy, to the nonce-word dovess. But wolfess, the medieval term for a she-wolf, is now rarely used in Present Day English except to mean a woman that is sexually aggressive.

[2015，“Inkhorn Terms: Some that Got Away. Middle English Words Ending in -ess(e) (by Elena Sasu and Nicolas Trapateau)”, in Studies in Linguistic Variation and Change: From Old to Middle English，Cambridge Scholars Publishing, →ISBN, 5. The fate of words ending in -ess(e): 3. Lexical revival，頁 75:


wolvess

Dear Public: About this time all the N.U. wolves and wolvesses are coming out of hibernation, rubbing their eyes, and deciding ’tis high time they got on the ball and began to live! So hold tight—

1939 April，The Purple Parrot，卷 18，頁 29，列 1:

While they refuse to divulge when Mr. Panky will tie the knot, Frances and Gee Gee are really in a middle-aisle mood and will take that step toward a joint income tax report from now and so the wolvesses gave F. a party and the loot was too, too divine.

1945 January，Span; Sports, Patter and News，卷 9，頁 2，列 1:

She governed Macedonia like a wolvess.

a. 1967，Lydgate’s Fall of Princes，頁 541:


she-wolf

In some trepidation the priest and his friend accompanied the wolf to his den, where lay a she-wolf on the point of death.

1936，Rollo Ahmed，The Black Art，London: Long，頁 212:

有侵略性的女人；肉食性女子


werewoman

女人經狼化過程變成的一種動物。


lycanthrope

來自古希臘語 λυκάνθρωπος (lukánthrōpos)。

（泛指）可在人和動物形態之間變換的生物。


werewolfdom

Werewolf of London (1935) was one of the earliest Hollywood films about werewolfdom; as such, it is ponderous and self-important.

1986, David Hogan, Dark Romance: Sexuality in the Horror Film - Page 43:

Werewolfdom is caused by a virus, somewhat like rabies, which liberates an atavistic part of the brain that human beings have lost.

2001, Lindo J. Holland-Toll, As American As Mom, Baseball, and Apple Pie:

Stories about running with Samson in their early days of werewolfdom, most of which ended with Samson waking up naked on the front porch of a ranger station.

2011, Molly Harper, How to Flirt with a Naked Werewolf:


dogman

吊車司機的助手，主要幫忙扣緊貨物和指揮操作員。

Accordingly, during 1972 the union embarked upon a concerted campaign to enforce the use of two dogmen on each crane.

1998, Meredith Burgmann, Verity Burgmann, Green Bans, Red Union: Environmental Activism and the New South Wales Builders Labourers′ Federation, page 108,

The usual crane crew required for operation of the site was one crane driver and two dogmen, but the BLF insisted that the builder keep a relief crane driver and a relief dogman permanently on site.

2005, Henry Pollack, The Accidental Developer: The Fascinating Rise to the Top of Mirvac Founder Henry Pollack, page 243,

The only work I had done as a dogman was to use a crane on the back of a truck ‘slinging loads’ and work the crane and truck myself.

2010, Raymond D. Clements, Aussie Rogue, page 59,

They then contact a dogman in that area to make arrangements to have the fight at a location that he provides.

2004，Alex Thio, Thomas C. Calhoun，Readings in Deviant Behavior，頁 325:

A dogman's legs are back bent, crooked as a dog's. Its body is covered in fine fur, and its face has a dog-like snout and ear. A dogman's arms and torso are completely humanoid, save for the its strange paws, that are vaguely human-like, but with thick dark claws.

2002，Sovereign Stone: Bestiary of Loerem:

Their apparent hybrid nature makes them “dogmen” or “man-wolves.”

2018，Rosemary Ellen Guiley，Fate Presents Werewolves and Dogmen:

dog man的另一種寫法

The system will require good support, and, it may be, a course of tonics, such as a grain or two of quinine, night and morning, in the form of a pill; or, using one of the Condition Pills you see advertised in this book—Clayton's, Dent's or Seargeant's—they are all good, made by dogmen for dogs, and you won't go amiss in using either of them in such cases.

1902，Alvin George Eberhart，Everything about Dogs，頁 112:

Every one of those dogmen has been either cajoled, bribed, or commanded by his own particular Circe to take the dear household pet out for an airing.

A dogman, he said, likes having tails wagged at him, wants to be looked up to, and tends for that reason to be quite a good leader. A catman, on the other hand, is made slightly uncomfortable by spaniel eyes and devoted tail thumpings.

1968，John Montgomery，The World of Cats，頁 12:

Now another important component of the skeleton is under scrutiny by some of our most respected dogmen and -women: the anatomy of the chest and the relationship between the correct rib cage and loin.


turnskin

一些可以改變他們皮膚的生物，特別指狼；狼人。


smack

源自中古英語 smac、smak、smacke，源自古英語 smæc、smæċċ (“味道”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *smakkuz (“味道”)，源自原始印歐語 *smegʰ-、*smeg- (“品嘗”)。與方言smatch、低地蘇格蘭語 smak (“味道，香味，氣味”)、薩特弗里斯蘭語 Smoak (“味道”)、西弗里斯蘭語 smaak (“味道”)、荷蘭語 smaak (“味道”)、德語 Schmack、Geschmack (“味道”)、瑞典語、挪威語 smak (“味道”)、挪威語 smekke同源。類似古英語 smæċċan (“品嘗”)。參見smake、smatch。

（輕微的）味道，風味，滋味

rice pudding with a smack of cinnamon

But take it: if the smack is sour / The better for the embittered hour;

1896，A. E. Housman，“Terence, this is stupid stuff”, in A Shropshire Lad:

He was not sailorly, and yet he had a smack of the sea about him too.

1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island

Claude overdosed on smack in a Chicago flophouse three years later.

2019，Colson Whitehead，The Nickel Boys，Fleet，頁 191:


smack

源自中古低地德語 smack（低地德語 Schmacke, Schmaake (“小船”)）或荷蘭語 smak，可能與荷蘭語 smakken有關。

一種小型單桅帆船，一般用於沿海航行和捕魚貿易


smack

源自中古荷蘭語 smacken，為擬聲詞。
類似德語 schmatzen (“吃東西時發出很大的聲音”)、荷蘭語 smakken (“拋下”)、門諾低地德語 schmaksen (“吧嗒嘴”)、方言德語 schmacken、Schmackes（對比瑞典語 smak (“拍，打”)、中古低地德語 smacken，薩特弗里斯蘭語 smakmuulje (“拍，摑”)的第一部分）。

拍打；掌摑（參見spank）

Then he told them of the princess, how she came to him, and how much she had to kiss him to get the whistle, when nobody saw or heard it over in the wood - "I must get on with these lies if the vat is to be full," said Ashiepattle, - so he told them about the queen, how stingy she was with the money and how liberal she was with kisses, that one could hear the smacks all over the wood.

1886，Peter Christen Asbjørnsen，譯者 H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales，頁 178:


morena

源自塞索托語 morena、北索托語 morena、茨瓦納語 morena，來自mo- (人稱級前綴) + rena (“富有，領導”)。

有權力的人，主人或領導者，特別用在塞索托母語者之中（一般作為稱謂）。（自19世紀）

‘Morena,’ said the old priest, ‘don't be angry with the boy.’

1979, André Brink, A Dry White Season, Vintage 1998, p. 93:


snooze

未知。對比荷蘭語 snoezelen。

snooze button

鬧鐘的“打盹按鈕”，按下後幾分鐘會再響一次

The cat enjoys taking a snooze on a sunny windowsill.

那隻貓喜歡在晴天到窗台上打個盹。

鬧鐘的“打盹按鈕”，按下後幾分鐘會再響一次

The whole movie was a snooze.


socker

soccer的另一種寫法


stasis

源自新拉丁語，源自古希臘語 στάσις (stásis)。參見stead。

Boredom is an instrument of social control. Power is the power to impose boredom, to command stasis, to combine this stasis with anguish.

1975, Saul Bellow, Humboldt's Gift [Avon ed., 1976, p. 194]:

使事物能沉睡、休眠的技術。


toboggin

We do not know of any exercise more invigorating than guiding a toboggin at full speed down an incline of 45° when two or three ladies are clinging on behind […]

1867, Henry Beaumont Small, John Taylor, The Canadian Handbook and Tourist's Guide (page 19)


soe

源自中古英語 sō (“大桶，大缸”)，源自古英語 sā (“桶，缸”)和/或古諾爾斯語 sár (“大桶”)（賓格單數sá），源自原始日耳曼語 *saihaz (“桶，缸”)，源自原始印歐語 *seyk- (“夠著，抓住”)。與瑞典語 så (“裝水的大木桶”)同源。

一種蓋子上插有桿子，由兩個人抬動的大木桶，用來裝水。

"[…] no more then a Pump grown dry will yield any water, unless you pour a little water into it first, and then for one Bason-ful you may fetch up so many Soe-fuls".

1662, Henry More, An Antidote Against Atheism, Book II, A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings of Dr. Henry More, p. 55:


bionucleonics

生物核子學；和核子技術相關的生物應用


señorita

說西班牙語或西班牙裔的年輕未婚女性

The golden, cigar-shaped señoritas occur in schools that number from just a few fish to many hundreds.

1991, Martha Holmes, Sea Trek, BBC Books, p. 79:


senorita

señorita的另一種寫法，替換掉在英語中罕用的ñ


saké

借自日語 酒 (sake)，尾字e為與不發音的sake作出區別而更改。可能受法語 saké的影響。


baijiu

源自官話拼音漢語 白酒 (báijiǔ)。參見huangjiu。

白酒，燒酒（中式高度糧食酒）


soft drink

與“hard liquor”（烈酒）相對。

"And then they run to him with whisky, and so they teach him to rely on the bottle and you get another case of a drunken medium. I know them. You keep off it, Tom!" "Yes, one of our trade should stick to soft drinks."

1926，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，The Land of Mist:


dashi

來自日語 出汁 (だし, dashi)，來自出す (dasu，“拿出，取出”)的名詞形。

日式上湯，常用鰹魚乾和海帶熬製而成。

Kombu (KOHM-boo): This Japanese seaweed is used to make dashi, an Asian soup stock, and to flavor rice and stews.

2000 September, Vegetarian Times, page 28,

A great dashi (stock) is essential, as it is the crucial element in soups, dipping sauces, nimono (simmered dishes) and nabemono (hotpot dishes), and for cooking fish and vegetables.

2002, John Frederick Ashburne, Yoshi Abe, World Food: Japan, Lonely Planet, page 41,

Dashi is the basic soup stock for many Japanese dishes including noodle soups.

2007, Lee Geok Boi, Classic Asian Noodles, page 38,


tsantsa

源自西班牙語 tsantsa，本身則源自舒阿爾語 tsantsa。

南美洲原住民舒阿族所製作的縮小人頭。


sortie

借自法語 sortie (“出口，結束”)。

Russia said it carried out 55 sorties in the last 24 hours.

俄羅斯方面稱，過去24小時內，其戰機共出動55架次。

Finally, the astronauts will descend to the lunar surface. After their sortie on the moon, they’ll return to the orbital station

2019, Jeff Foust, “NASA’s Lunar Space Station Is a Great/Terrible Idea,” IEEE Spectrum:


oölogy

oology的另一種拼寫法

Yet it is not difficult to see that Oölogy promises to become an important auxiliary both in aiding to determine natural divisions, and to enable us to decide in regard to varieties the specific identity of which is in doubt. Let us take an instance. [...] Without looking at all to the external structure of these birds, Oölogy would seem to indicate that the Cat-Bird, though closely allied to the true Mocking-Bird, is at least one step, and that the Brown Thrush is even farther, removed.

1857，Thomas M[ayo] Brewer，“Introduction”, in North American Oölogy (Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge; XI)，part I (Raptores and Fissirostres), Washington, D.C.: Published by the Smithsonian Institution, 出版於 1859, →OCLC，頁 vi:

When we come to examine the oölogy of the great Columbo-gallinaceous group, one well represented in the avifauna of the United States, it is possible to make the comparisons quite extensive, owing to [Charles] Bendire's exhaustive labors, as seen in his fine quarto volume already spoken of at the beginning of this paper.

1893，R[obert] W[ilson] Shufeldt，“Comparative Oölogy of North American Birds”, in Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, Showing the Operations, Expenditures, and Condition of the Institution for the Year Ending June 30, 1892: Report of the U.S. National Museum (The Miscellaneous Documents of the House of Representatives for the Second Session of the Fifty-second Congress; Mis. Doc. 114, part 2)，Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC，頁 473:

Dave Marshall, Frank Graham, Chuck Henny, Lloyd Kiff, Phil Cuthbert, and Joe Mazzoni shared their knowledge of hunting, oölogy, and bird-skin preservation, and provided philosophical insight concerning men's desire to hunt.

2011 December，Renée Thompson，“Acknowledgements”, in The Plume Hunter，Torrey, Ut.: Torrey House Press, →ISBN，頁 260:


spaceman

I want to be a spaceman when I grow up.


speculum

源自拉丁語 speculum (“鏡子”)，源自specere (“看見，看著”) + -ulum (“工具名詞後綴”)。


spindel

衛矛屬（Euonymus）的一些物種，原是用作製紡錘

I haue sene this tree oft tymes in England and in moste plentye betwene Ware and Barkwaye, yet for al that I coulde neuer learne an Englishe name for it: the Duche men call it in Netherlande Spilboome that is Spindel tree, because they vse to make Spindels of it in that countrey and me thinke it may be so wel named in English.

1568, William Turner quoted by Richard Mabey in "Flora Britannica", London, 1996, p244.


pol

The knights-errant of politics could "tsk, tsk" all they wanted, but most experienced pols recognized that patronage was the lifeblood of their profession.

2008, Frank P. Vazzano, Politician Extraordinaire (page 174)


joss paper

There is also a difference in the joss papers. For spirits (souls), the joss paper is silver. Gold is generally meant for gods and deities. Depending on the financial status of the family, the offering of food can be on the high end.

2013, Khoo Boo Eng, A Simple Approach to Taoism: Festivals, Worship and Rituals, Partridge Publishing Singapore (ISBN 9781482892062)


spurning

But what are your foot-ploddings, your ambulating rejoicings, to the free etherealities which our courser's light bound and exultant spurnings of the dull earth bring to the spirit!

1842, Edward Bulwer Lytton, The Disowned (page 286)


stadion

源自古希臘語 στάδιον (stádion)。

古希臘里（長度單位），等同於600古希臘尺（podes），約合現代185.4米。

The stadion did not suffice for the races of horses and chariots which had been favorites with the Greeks since the Trojan war.

1883: Franz von Reber (translated by Joseph Thacher Clarke), History of ancient art, p257 (S. Low…)

The stadion was used specifically for human athletic contests whereas the Greek hippodrome and later the Roman circus were used for equestrian events. The gymnasion and the palaistra were used for training purposes for human athletic events.

1993: David Gilman Romano, Athletics and Mathematics in Archaic Corinth: The Origins of the Greek Stadion, p1 (Diane Publishing Co.; ISBN 0871692066 (10), ISBN 978-0871692061 (13))

Stadion Race (200 meters)

2001: Edward Seldon Sears, Running Through the Ages, p26 (McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0971-6


dark matter

仿譯自德語 Dunkle Materie，來自dunkel (“暗”) + Materie (“物質”)。最早於1933年由瑞士天文學家弗里茨·兹威基所造，因1970年代美國天文學家薇拉·鲁宾的一篇關於星系自轉問題的論文而為大眾所知。

The evidence for dark matter in galaxies started to accumulate in the mid-1970s. By the following decade it became clear that essentially all galaxies, including our own Milky Way, are surrounded by extensive halos of dark matter.

2001, Susan M. Fitzpatrick, John T. Brue, Carving Our Destiny: Scientific Research Faces a New Millennium,

On large scales like that of clusters of galaxies, gravitational lensing indicates that the dark matter is smoothly distributed, on the average.

2004, L. Bergström, A. Goobar, Particle Astrophysics and the Dark Sector of the Universe, in John W. Mason (editor), Astrophysics Update, pages 124-125,


steeplechase

steeple (“教堂尖塔”) + chase，源自18世紀愛爾蘭的賽馬，賽道方向以教堂的尖塔作為標識。


strangle

源自中古英語 stranglen，源自古法語 estrangler，源自拉丁語 strangulō, strangulāre，源自古希臘語 στραγγαλόομαι (strangalóomai，“勒死”)，源自στραγγάλη (strangálē，“韁繩”)；對比στραγγός (strangós，“彎曲的”)。代替中古英語 wirien、awurien (“勒死”)（> 英語 worry）。


suid

豬科（Suidae）動物


speechlessness

'No - rather not, my dear? Well, another night,' he said, hastily translating her speechlessness.

1907，Barbara Baynton，Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton)，St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 出版於 1980，頁 233:

It was her virtue to be tall, pale, characterless and effaced by partial speechlessness.

1930，Norman Lindsay，Redheap，Sydney: Ure Smith, 出版於 1965，頁 16:


'tec

"You're a marvel, that's wot you are," ses the 'tec, shaking his 'ead. "Have one with me."

A collection of battered churns, looking like the jars for Ali-Baba's thieves, stood at one end of the room. A 'tec could hide in one of those, thought Robin.

1963, Barbara Euphan Todd, Jill Crockford, Detective Worzel Gummidge


sord

grassy Sord

1667，John Milton，“Book XI”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:


（溫度）介於20度至29度

（年齡）介於20歲至29歲


suh

"Good-mawnin', suh," he said, lifting his cap politely.

1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, The House Behind the Cedars, Chapter I,


swaddle

源自中古英語 swathlen (“纏繞，包裹”)，源自中古英語 swathel、swethel，源自古英語 swaþul、swæþel、sweþel、sweoþol (“襁褓”)，等同於swathe (“用布或衣服包裹住”) + -le。與中古荷蘭語 swadel (“襁褓；繃帶”)、古高地德語 swedili (“膏藥”)、古英語 sweþian、besweþian (“包裹”)同源。

用於包裹住嬰兒的布或衣服；襁褓

The baby is awake, trying to escape the swaddle I have imprisoned her in.

2020，Avni Doshi，Burnt Sugar，Hamish Hamilton，頁 207:


swaddling

用於包裹住嬰兒所用的衣服或布；襁褓


séance

源自法語 séance。

[B]ut only too often séances degenerate into pure sorcery or necromancy, attracting all kinds of undeveloped and earth-bound entities.

1936，Rollo Ahmed，The Black Art，London: Long，頁 231:


suds

源自sud的複數，sod (“泡沫”)的變體，等同於sud + -s。與seethe有關。

有時作不可數名詞（too much suds），有時作複數（too many suds）。

Mrs Durbeyfield, excited by her song, trod the rocker with all the spring that was left in her after a long day's seething in the suds.

1891，Thomas Hardy，Tess of the d'Urbervilles，卷 1, London: James R. Osgood, McIlvaine and Co.，頁 30:

We went out for some pizza and suds.

我們出去吃點披薩，喝點小酒。


sneaking

Then there was much mirth and banter over the swift sneakings for home of certain men carrying large portions of puarka.

1915, Charmian London, The Log of the Snark (page 108)


tabanca

憂鬱，或單相思的苦澀心情


hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia

古希臘語 ἑξακόσιοι (hexakósioi，“六百”) + ἑξήκοντα (hexḗkonta，“六十”) + ἕξ (héx，“六”) + -phobia (“恐懼症”)。

666恐懼症（數字666在聖經中和撒旦或反基督等等有關）

You'll see “lucky” 666 in many shop windows across China, which may come as a shock to believers in the Beast and those with hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia.

2008年May6日，Deborah Aaronson with Kwan, Kevin, Luck: The Essential Guide, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OL，頁 132:

Fear of certain numbers will not help you. Just ask someone who suffers from triskaidekaphobia, tetraphobia, or hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia.

2009年November3日，Patricia Kirkman with Gleason, Katherine A., The Complete Idiot's Guide: Numerology Workbook, →ISBN, →OL:


friggatriskaidekaphobia

源自Frigga（古諾爾斯語 Frigg的一個英語變體，星期五的英語 Friday 即由此而來） + triskaideka- + -phobia。

黑色星期五（13號星期五）恐懼症

The fear of Friday the thirteenth, or friggatriskaidekaphobia, takes the thirteen superstition to a whole new level.

2012, R. W. A. Mitchell, Ask a Little-Learn a Lot: How Questions Change Everything, iUniverse (2012), ISBN 9781475933789, page 90:

Friggatriskaidekaphobia is probably the most common superstition in the United States; according to researchers, it affects 17 to 21 million people.

2013, Sara Latta, Scared Stiff: Everything You Need to Know About 50 Famous Phobias, Zest Books (2013), ISBN 9781936976492, page 186:

So I started Googling, and I found some interesting information about “friggatriskaidekaphobia.” (That's the actual term for the condition of the fear of Friday the thirteenth. […]

2013, Rachel Wise, Breaking News, Simon Spotlight (2013), ISBN 9781442489653, page 2:


tom cat

tomcat的另一種寫法


tom-cat

tomcat的另一種寫法


tahsil

源自印地語 तहसील (tahsīl)、烏爾都語 تحصیل。

印度和巴基斯坦的基層行政單位，類似於鄉


taille

法國大革命以前君主和領主征收的租稅

The main royal tax was the taille, a tax on landed wealth, distributed among the généralités and assessed and levied in a variety of ways, and it was supplemented by a range of other direct taxes ….

2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin 2003, p. 143:

代表男高音的维奥尔琴或中提琴部分


Slovene

斯洛文尼亞/斯洛維尼亞人


tais

“泰斯”，東帝汶女性所穿的傳統衣物


otokonoko

借自日語 男(おとこ)の娘(こ) (otoko no ko，“男性女孩”)。

外表女性化的生理男性；偽娘


taklif

源自阿拉伯語 تَكْلِيف (taklīf)。


talpa

源自拉丁語 talpa (“鼴鼠”)。taupe 的同源對似詞。


tamis

借自法語 tamis，源自中古法語 tamis，源自古法語 tamis，源自中世紀拉丁語 tamisium，源自古法蘭克語 *tamis、*tamusi，源自原始日耳曼語 *tamusį̄ (“篩子”)。與古高地德語 zemis（方言德語 Zims）、荷蘭語 teems (“篩子”)、西弗里斯蘭語 teams、tiems、德國低地德語 Teemse、Teems、古英語 temes、古英語 temesian (“篩，過濾”)同源。temse 的同源對似詞。


tandoor

源自印地語 तन्दूर (tandūr) / 烏爾都語 تندور (tandūr)，源自波斯語 تنور (tanūr)，源自中古波斯語 [需要文字] (tnwl /tanūr/，“烤箱，烤爐”)，源自阿卡德語 𒋾𒂟 (tinūru，“（黏土）烤箱”)。Dehkhoda 的詞典認為，這個阿卡德語詞由 tin “泥”和 nuro/nura “火”組成，在吉爾伽美什史詩中有提及，參見阿維斯陀語 tanûra、巴勒維語 tanûr。athanor 的同源對似詞。

You can cook naan in a normal oven, but the results will inevitably disappoint; even Indians generally wait to savour them in restaurants, as very few homes are equipped with a tandoor.
你可以用一般的烤箱來烤，但烤出來一定不會好吃；印度人一般都是去餐館吃，因為很少家庭裡有饢坑。

2001, Martin Hughes, World Food: India (Lonely Planet), page 53


hoop earring

耳環設計成圓形或半圓形的樣子，通常用金屬的箍製成，可以打開來穿過ear piercing。


whoreson

來自中古英語 horesone，hureson（horessone，hores sone），等同於whore + son。對照荷蘭語 hoerenzoon、德語 Hurensohn。

冒犯性用語：不合法/偷生的孩子，未婚生子（私生子）

Ah, you whoreſon loggerhead, you were borne to do me ſhame.

c. 1595–1596，W. Shakespere [i.e., 威廉·莎士比亞]，A Pleasant Conceited Comedie Called, Loues Labors Lost. […] (First Quarto)，London: […] W[illiam] W[hite] for Cut[h]bert Burby, 出版於 1598, →OCLC; 再版為 Shakspere’s Loves Labours Lost (Shakspere-Quarto Facsimiles; no. 5)，London: W[illiam] Griggs, […], [1880], →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

Though this knave came something saucily to the world before he was sent for, yet was his mother fair, there was good sport at his making, and the whoreson must be acknowledged.

1605, William Shakespeare, King Lear I.i


Jacuzzi

jacuzzi的另一種寫法 （自1960年代）


potato chip

薯條，將馬鈴薯切成長條狀進行油炸的食物；可稱呼為chip或chipped potato，一般比美國所稱的french fries要大。

I'll take a potato chip, and eat it!

2007年December8日，“目線 [視線]”, in デスノート [死亡筆記]，spoken by 夜神月 (Brad Swaile), Ocean Productions, 經由 Adult Swim:


potato crisp

將馬鈴薯切成薄片進行油炸的食物，薯片


fish and chips

儘管美國英語多將薯條稱作fries 或 french fries，但在美國這道菜依然叫做fish and chips。

炸魚薯條，英國海岸地區的特色食品

Let's go to Sophie's by the sea; they have the most delicious fish and chips.

一起去海邊的 Sophie 家；他們家的炸魚薯條最好吃。


mashed potato

馬鈴薯煮熟後壓製成泥狀，土豆泥

1960年代的一種舞步。先是一隻腳向後，腳跟向內傾斜，稍位於另一隻腳後，隨後腳跟順著起始腳的重量向外旋轉，另一隻腳再重複上述動作。


yamberry

yam berry (alternative)
yamberries (plural)


tantara

‘Hail!’ Her clear cry echoed off the cliffs like a tantara, and was answered at once by one thrilling shout from a myriad of voices: ‘Hail!’

1978, Stephen Donaldson, The Illearth War


jacket potato

「jacket」是指烘烤後形成的堅硬外皮。


jingle bell

馬鈴，一種金屬製敲擊樂器


taqlid

源自阿拉伯語 تَقْلِيد (taqlīd，“模仿”)。

Muslims must not imagine that their sole duty was taqlid, the emulation of a jurist.

2000，Karen Armstrong，The Battle for God，Harper, 出版於 2004，頁 128:


taraf

源自印地語 तरफ़ (taraf)。

印度小地域的劃分，一般是pargana的下級。


bits and bobs

隨意分類的東西；零碎物件。


odds and ends

The garage was filled with a random assortment of odds and ends.


tarp

雖然有時被視為非正式用法，但在北美英語中基本代替了tarpaulin。

{Gun pointing at head} Sorry, Quigley, but you had your chance to cooperate. / Bob, straighten the tarp, we don’t want the rug splattered.

1986, Paul Chadwick, Concrete: Under the Desert Stars, Dark Horse Books


Tutsi

居住在盧安達和蒲隆地的族群。


ligiid

潮蟲亞目海蟑螂科（Ligiidae）生物。


white ant

來自white + ant，外表看起來像是螞蟻。

虽然称作 white ant，且外观和行为都相似，但白蚁不是蚂蚁。科学上一般用termite称呼白蚁。

The most important point in the work of the white ant remains to be noted. I have already said that the white ant is never seen.

1885 October, Henry Drummond, The White Ant: A Theory, Popular Science Monthly, page 741,

The most voracious cable-muncher in the tropical and sub-tropical parts of Australia is the termite, or white ant, which eats through both lead and polythene sheathings.

1971 June 3, Technology Review: Spoiling the termite′s dinner, New Scientist, page 573,

Mr. Deputy Speaker, Sir, I am happy to hear that the hon. Member appreciates the fact that white ants cause a lot [of] destruction in his area. There is very little we can do about white ants.

1990 December 13, Kenya National Assembly Official Record (Hansard), page D.3,

White ants destroy living plants by removing the epidermal layers, effectively ‘ringbarking’ the subject.

1995, Bill Sheat, Gerald Schofield, Complete Gardening in Southern Africa, page 424,

Our house was built on a hard ferruginous conglomerate, in order to be out of the way of the white ant, but they came in despite the precaution; […] .

2010, David Livingstone, 15: Conversations on Rain-Making, Roy Richard Grinker, Stephen C. Lubkemann, Christopher B. Steiner (editors), Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History and Representation, page 246,


agony aunt

在報紙或其他期刊的問答專欄作家。

一些提供諮商與解答個人問題的專欄。


advice column

agony column

報紙的問答專欄（通常以匿名讀者前來諮商為主）。

報紙的問答專欄（通常以匿名讀者前來諮商為主）。


advice columnist

一些定期在報紙上寫問答專欄的作者

The columns consist of letters from men and women with problems, followed by brief answers from the advice columnist. The letters are often filled with emotion.

1984, Hilarie N. Staton, Think and Write, Good Year Books (ISBN 9780673180285), page 115:

Ann Landers, who sometimes wrote her columns from her bathtub, called herself “the general manager of the world,” which pretty much describes the types of questions an advice columnist might be called upon to answer.

2006, Alecia T. Devantier, Carol A. Turkington, Extraordinary Jobs in Media, Infobase Publishing (ISBN 9781438111773), page 1:

Margaret Maron, author of Winter's Child "A really plummy mystery, flawlessly plotted, that I especially loved because the heroine is an advice columnist — and a good one!"

2007, Roberta Isleib, Deadly Advice, Penguin (ISBN 9780425214749)

Readers, at least contemporary ones, are aware that writing to an advice columnist is an odd place to turn for help. They didn't doubt, however, that people still wrote to advice columns.

2017, David Gudelunas, Confidential to America: Newspaper Advice Columns and Sexual Education, Routledge (ISBN 9781351298506)


garbage can

這片語最早是指大型金屬容器（尤其指桶形容器），不過現在和其他裝垃圾的容器詞可以互換。


junk food

The episode begins with a lifetime of junk food, beer and no exercise catching up with Homer in the form of painful heart contractions.

2012年June17日，Nathan Rabin，“TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Homer’s Triple Bypass” (season 4, episode 11; originally aired 12/17/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:

Junk foods and fast foods such as pizzas, hot dogs, doughnuts, cookies, cakes, and so on increase inflammation, promote insulin resistance, and increase the risk of diabetes and obesity.

2018，Timothy R. Jennings，The Aging Brain, →ISBN，頁 82:


takeout

源自動詞短語 take out。

將另一球擊打出得分範圍的冰壺球

Takeouts on important running topics in the news are one way to add a valuable dimension to the evening news. One consequence, however, has been that there are fewer minutes available on the broadcast for hard news out of Washington.

1994, Penn Kimball, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Downsizing the news: network cutbacks in the nation's capital (page 19)


trash bag

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-trash bag.wav

The road was full of trash bags awaiting the arrival of the garbage men.

路上堆滿了垃圾袋，等待著垃圾工人的到來。


garbage bag

The road was full of garbage bags awaiting the arrival of the trash men.

路上堆滿了垃圾袋，等待著垃圾工人的到來。


masala

源自印地語 मसाला (masālā) / 烏爾都語 مسالا (masālā，“香料”)，源自波斯語 مصالح (masâlih，“事情，材料，香料”)，مصلحت (maslahat，“事情，政策，最應該做的事”)的複數，源自阿拉伯語，派生自صَلَحَ (ṣalaḥa，“合適，好，可用”)。

瑪莎拉，印度菜中的混合香料

When she cooked, she reached out for bottles and masalas without glancing up.

她做飯的時候，不用抬頭就伸手拿裝瑪莎拉的瓶子。

2020，Avni Doshi，Burnt Sugar，Hamish Hamilton，頁 3:


tasse

源自中古英語 tasse、tache，源自古法語 tasse、tasche (“袋”)，源自古法蘭克語 *taska (“袋”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *taskǭ。與古高地德語 tasca (“袋”)、德語 Tasche (“口袋，袋”)同源。

This included the head-piece and gorgett, the back and breast, with skirts of iron called tasses or tassets covering the thighs, as may be seen in the figures, representing the exercise of the pike, published anno 1622, by the title of the Military Art of Training; the same kind of armour was worn by the harquebusiers.

1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 21:


tatu

tattoo (“文身”)的古旧形式。


tatu

tatou (“大犰狳”)的另一種寫法


tatou

源自古圖皮語 tatu (“犰狳”)，可能通過法語。對比tatouay。


taula

源自加泰羅尼亞語 taula (“桌”)。table 的同源對似詞。


tinder

源自中古英語 tinder、tunder、tender、tonder，源自古英語 tynder，源自原始日耳曼語 *tundrą、*tundrǭ (“火絨”)。對比薩特弗里斯蘭語 Tunder (“火絨”)、荷蘭語 tonder (“火絨”)、德語 zünden (“點燃”)、瑞典語 tända (“照亮，點燃”)。參見tind。


taw

源自中古英語 tawen，源自古英語 tawian (“做，製作”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *tawjaną (“製作，準備”)，源自原始印歐語 *dewh₂- (“繫”)。
與荷蘭語 touwen (“繫，拴”)、荷蘭語 tuien (“用繩子繫”)、德語 Tau (“繩，索，攬”)、哥特語 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taujan，“製作，準備”)同源。與tool、tether有關。


taw

Near the timberyard a squatted child at marbles, alone, shooting the taw with a cunnythumb.


taw

閃米特字母表的第22個字母（taw）


all the way to Egery and back

漫長的道路；迂迴的路線；長距離的旅行


tenrec

源自法語 tanrec，源自馬拉加斯語 tàndraka / trandraka，18世紀引入英語。


tittle-tattle

Every idle Tittle-tattle that went about, Jack was always suspected for the author of it.

不管是怎樣的閒話，傑克都總能知道是誰說的。

1712，John Arbuthnot，章號 XI, in Law is a Bottomless Pit: Or, the History of John Bull，London，頁 136:

If I can once extirpate the race of solid and substantial humdrums, I hope by my wholesome and repeated advices, quickly to reduce the insignificant tittle-tattles and matter-of-fact-men that abound in every quarter of this great city.

1777，The Tatler; Or, Lucubrations of Isaac Bickerstaff, Esq，卷 4, Dublin: W. Whitestone, W. Watson, J. Williams, W. Wilson, 根據Richard SteeleThe Tatler n° 268 (1710)改編的edition，頁 324:


squabble

起於17世紀初，可能源自北日耳曼語支，與瑞典語方言詞 skvabbel (“爭吵，流言”)、skvappa (“批評，訓斥”)、挪威語方言詞 skvabba (“閒扯”)、德語方言詞 schwabbeln (“嘮叨”)有關。

The children got into a squabble about who should ride in the front of the car.

孩子們為誰坐在車前面吵了起來。


translation studies

由美國的詩人, 翻譯家 and 翻譯學者James S. Holmes在1972年造出，首次見於其論文“The name and nature of translation studies”。


chengguan

来自官話 城管 (chéngguǎn)，城市管理部門 (chéngshì guǎnlǐ bùmén)的简称。


tendu

源自法語 tendu (“拉緊的，伸出的”)。

“五位擦地”，芭蕾舞的一個動作，一隻腳向外伸展，腳跟離地，腳尖點地


ground beetle

步行蟲科（Carabidae）甲蟲。

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见ground、beetle。


pudding bowl

pudding bowls (plural)
pudding-bowl (alternative)


motocross

源自法語 moto）（源自motocyclette (“摩托車”)） + 英語 cross-country。也可解作motorcycle + -cross。


canola

芥花籽，歐洲油菜（Brassica napus）及野芥（Brassica rapa）的一類栽培品種，其芥酸和芥子油苷的含量比傳統油菜要低。

The approach taken in this study was to compare the risk management costs of wheat to that of two non-cwb-marketed Canadian grains: flax and canola.

1998, Phillip Thomas, U.S. Agricultural Trade: Canadian Wheat Issues

The carbohydrate component of canola meal accounts for about one third of the meal . . .

1997, Ronald R. Marquardt, Zhengkang Han, Enzymes in Poultry and Swine Nutrition: proceedings of the first Chinese Symposium on Feed

For a salad dressing use olive or canola oil with lemon or vinegar and herb seasonings

至於沙拉的拌料，則用橄欖油或芥花籽油，配上檸檬或者醋，以及其他香草料

2003，Jack LaLanne，Revitalize Your Life: Improve Your Looks, Your Health & Your Sex Life:


thistle

源自中古英語 thistel，源自古英語 þistel，源自原始日耳曼語 *þistilaz。*þīh- 源自 *teyg-，原始印歐語 *(s)teyg- (“扎，刺”)的變體；與英語 stick來自同一原始印歐語詞根。與低地蘇格蘭語 thrissel、德語 Distel、荷蘭語 distel、冰島語 þistill等同源。

薊（Cirsium, Carduus, Cynara, Onopordum）
作為蘇格蘭的國花、國家象征

Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field ….

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC:
 Genesis 3:18:

薊（Cirsium, Carduus, Cynara, Onopordum）
作為寓意物

薊花勳章，或擁有薊花勳章的人

Here's a passage which will please you: ‘It is said that when rich he twice refused the thistle.’

1978, Lawrence Durrell, Livia, Faber & Faber 1992 (Avignon Quintet), p. 324:


mainlander

中國大陸人（與香港、澳門、臺灣人相對）

歐洲本土人（與英倫三島人相對）


tilak

源自梵語 तिलक (tilaka)。

I wore these spots of shine and silver like tilaks, the marks of colour that we Hindus wear on our foreheads as symbols of the divine.

我貼上這些像吉祥記一樣閃光銀色的點，我們印度教徒會在額頭上貼上這種代表神明符號的標誌。

He dressed in a dhoti, had a wispy white beard that trailed down to his waist, and regularly smeared across his forehead a tilaka, a pitchfork-shaped design that signifies enlightenment.

2012, Jake Halpern, "The Secret of the Temple", The New Yorker, 30 Apr 2012:


tik

This Tuesday Special Assignment focuses on a deepening crisis in Cape Town. Many young adults and schoolchildren as young as 10 years are in the grip of a powerful drug called crystal methamphetamine – known locally as tik. It’s been on the fringes for several years but it is now catching on fast among the youth of the Western Cape.

2004年June8日，“On the Tik-Tik express”, in SABC News，存檔自the original on 2006-06-02:

Over a third of all people seeking rehabilitation in the second half of 2005 reported that their primary problem was tik.

2005年下半年尋求戒毒的人群中，超過三分之一的人稱自己主要的問題是吸食冰毒。

Hardly a week goes by without news of a crime bust of some kind involving one of the buses travelling cross-country, with everything from mandrax to tik, marijuana and abalone finding its way on board.

2020年October10日，Mike Simpson，“More seizures of drug consignments on long-distance buses”, in The South African:


ice cream cone

ice-cream cone (alternative)
ice cream cones (plural)


sweet corn

甜玉米（人類食用的玉米，與作飼料的玉米相對）


puffed rice

將米膨化製成；經過高溫烘烤和加壓製成的大米。

用米製成的加工早餐穀物食品。


anal sex

It is a common misconception that anal intercourse is an exclusively homosexual male practice. […] As elsewhere in Africa, little data exist on the role of anal sex in HIV acquisition in women in the general population […]
#*:: 大眾常有的一種誤解是，肛交是男同性戀的專有行為。 […] 和非洲的其他地方一樣，女性因肛交感染HIV的記錄在人群中相當的少 […]

2010, S. S. Abdool Karim, Q. Abdool Karim, HIV/AIDS in South Africa (page 299)


tinter

一種特殊的幻燈片，與幻燈鏡搭配使用，產生月光等的效果


tipula

與拉丁語 tippula (“水蛛”)有關。

大蚊屬（Tipula）昆蟲


breakfast cereal

דגני בוקר

דִּגְנֵי בֹּקֶר


slur

來自中古英語 sloor (“稀泥”)。與中古低地德語 sluren (“走在泥裡”)同源。與方言挪威語 sløra (“草率，不上心”)、丹麥語 sløre (“搖晃，鬆垮”)有關；對比古諾爾斯語 slóðra (“慢吞吞地走”)。

a racial slur

同類詞：tie


tish

借自意第緒語 טיש (tish，“桌”)。desk、dais、disc、dish、 和 discus 的同源對似詞。

宗教場合的宴會（如安息日）

YPC's most popular activity has been the monthly Shabbat tish, which turns a Friday evening dinner into a Shabbat experience.

1974, Conservative Judaism, Vol. 28, issues 3-29, p. 78:


severe acute respiratory syndrome

severe acute respiratory syndromes (plural)

(b) Severe acute respiratory syndromes, which are diseases that are associated with fever and signs and symptoms of pneumonia or other respiratory illness, are capable of being transmitted from person to person, and that either are causing, or have the potential to cause, a pandemic, or, upon infection, are highly likely to cause mortality or serious morbidity if not properly controlled.

2014年July31日，Barack Obama，“Executive Order—Revised List of Quarantinable Communicable Diseases”, in https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/，Office of the Press Secretary, The White House:


norfloxacin

諾氟沙星（治療腸炎、痢疾的藥物）


deliverable

/dɪˈlɪvɹəbəɫ/

Due to inclement weather, we will be unable to provide our deliverables.

由於惡劣天氣，我們無法交付產品。

We packaged the deliverable, a program called FLOOD.EXE, in an installer file.

我們將交付的產品，一個叫FLOOD.EXE的程式，打包進安裝文件裡。


tori

表皮角質層的增厚，出現在經常摩擦的地方（如狗的腳掌）


tori

借自日語 取り，源自取る (toru，“取，拿”)。


sharpener

/ˈʃɑː(ɹ)pənə(ɹ)/

There was a pencil sharpener at the front of the classroom.

“Sir,” said the shepherd, “poverty is a great sharpener of the wits. […]

1795, Hannah More, The Shepherd of Salisbury Plain

The snuff-box, knife, and chicken-bones were again in requisition, and a pen was successfully formed. The ink, or at least its substitute, was rather more difficult, but necessity is always a sharpener of intellect, and even this was accomplished.

1872, Chambers's miscellany of instructive & entertaining tracts


sea cucumber

源自sea + cucumber，因其外表類似黃瓜。本詞最早出現於19世紀，《牛津英語詞典》認為是仿譯自法語 concombre de mer。


krai

源自俄語 край (kraj，“省，州；邊緣”)。

邊疆區（俄羅斯省級行政區劃）


tote

可能源自中古低地德語 tûte、tǖte (“獸角，圓錐形紙袋”)，參見德語 Tüte (“袋”)。源頭不明。

一種用於運輸貨物的塑料盒

They can be used for palleted bags, totes, or bales and can also be used to transport large logs.

2012, Chittaranjan Kole, Chandrashekhar P. Joshi, David R. Shonnard, Handbook of Bioenergy Crop Plants (page 129)


tote

He was a humorist of note and keen at repartee,

1892, Banjo Paterson, The Man from Ironbark


murva

源自梵語 मूर्वा (mūrvā)。


trade union

trade unions (plural)
trades unions (plural)

在部分地區（如英國）的官方用法中，trade union 的複數 trade unions 表示同一領域的不同工會：

The train drivers were divided between two trade unions.
火車司機分屬兩個工會。

There are hundreds of trades unions in England.
英格蘭有數百個工會。

When the first wave of postwar immigrants arrived in Britain in the 1950s and ’60s, it was a period of rising wages, full employment, an expanding welfare state and strong trade unions. Today, Britain’s manufacturing base has all but disappeared, working-class communities have disintegrated, unions have been neutered and the welfare state has begun to crumble.

2013年September28日，Kenan Malik，“London Is Special, but Not That Special”, in New York Times:

labor union (加拿大、美國)