Eden

源自希伯來語 עֵדֶן (eden)，可能源自蘇美爾語 𒂔 (edin，“草原；花園”)。

The first explorers saw America as an Eden.

美洲的最早一批發現者視其為樂土。


jewel case

jewel-case (alternative)
jewel cases (plural)


edu

正體: 教育行業的網域[電子計算機]


egg drop

To get the egg drop–like shreds, get the soup up to a high boil, add the egg whites, and stir quickly, breaking them up with a whisk as you stir.

1998，Todd English，Sally Sampson，The Figs Table，Simon and Schuster, →ISBN，頁 91:


LOL

lol (alternative)
lawl (alternative)
lel (alternative)
lul (alternative)
lols (alternative)
LOLS (alternative)
lolsies (alternative)
LOLsies (alternative)
lolzies (alternative)
lulz (alternative)
LOLs (plural)

Loyal Orange Lodge (“忠誠奧蘭治機構”)之首字母縮略詞。奧蘭治兄弟會的所有分會的前綴。例如：LOL 1是波塔鎮分支。

Then he started with his LOLs. The Little Old Ladies who needed help with daily chores.

2018，Jeanne Marie Laskas，To Obama, With love, joy, hate and despair, →ISBN，頁 29:


LORAN

During movement, LORAN was used only to augment and verify the accuracy of the GPS. Several companies that had specific missions at march objectives, though, used LORANs without GPS verification.


electrode potential

[電子計算機]電極電位；電極電勢


Gauss-Seidel method

高士賽迪法；高斯-塞德法


DEX

Examining the history of how DEXs have evolved can help elucidate where DEXs are headed and how they will compete with centralized exchanges.

2024年April10日，Alex Wearn，“CEXs vs. DEXs: The Future Battle Lines”, in CoinDesk:

The Solana blockchain alone did more volume than Ethereum, Base and BSC's cumulative DEX activity of $37.9 billion, of which Ethereum accounted for $14.3 billion while the rest did over $11 billion each.

2024年November19日，Omkar Godbole，“SOL Looks Set to Outperform BTC as Solana-Based DEXs Register Record $41B in Trading Volume: Godbole”, in CoinDesk:


genetic algorithm

[電子計算機]基因演算法；遗传算法


femtosecond

Sheldon Cooper: My hair is growing at the rate of 4.6 yoctometers per femtosecond.

2012, Mark Cendrowski, The Big Bang Theory, Season 5, Episode 18, "The Werewolf Transformation":

The observation and manipulation of electron dynamics in matter call for attosecond light pulses, routinely available from high-order harmonic generation driven by few-femtosecond lasers.

2017，D. E. Rivas, A. Borot, D. E. Cardenas, G. Marcus, X. Gu, D. Herrmann, J. Xu, J. Tan, D. Kormin, G. Ma, W. Dallari, G. D. Tsakiris, I. B. Földes, S.-w. Chou, M. Weidman, B. Bergues, T. Wittmann, H. Schröder, P. Tzallas, D. Charalambidis, O. Razskazovskaya, V. Pervak, F. Krausz, L. Veisz，“Next Generation Driver for Attosecond and Laser-plasma Physics”, in Scientific Reports，卷 7, →DOI:


FET

field effect transistor (“場效電晶體”)之首字母縮略詞。


Gothic

Goth + -ic，自17世紀始在英語有使用。源自晚期拉丁語 gothicus。
不同的形容詞用法幾乎是同時在17世紀前半部分開始使用的。“哥特人的”之義在1611版欽定本聖經的前言中有使用（the Gothicke tongue）。“日耳曼的；條頓的”一義在1640年代出現，而“哥特式的；中世紀的”一義也在1640年代出現，同樣“哥特字體的”也是如此。


graceful degradation

Since we built the website with graceful degradation in mind, it will replace animations with textual cues if JavaScript is not available.

由于我们在构建网站时考虑到了柔性降级，因此如果JavaScript不可用，它将用文本提示代替动画。


graphics processing unit

同類詞：central processing unit、dGPU、iGPU


laissez faire

(政治、經濟) 自由放任，放任主義


laser disk

雷射磁碟；雷射唱片；雷射唱盤；影碟片；激光碟片


hanja

借自朝鮮語 한자(漢字) (hanja)，源自中古漢語 漢字 (中古 xanH dziH)。
對比粵語 漢字／汉字 (hon³ zi⁶), 日語 漢字 (kanji), 官話 漢字／汉字 (hànzì), 越南語 Hán tự。kanji 的同源對似詞。


injection laser diode

[電子計算機]注入雷射二極體；激注雷射二極體；注入式激光二极管


discrete time

同類詞：continuous time


laugh track

laughtrack (alternative)
laugh-track (alternative)
laugh tracks (plural)

You know where you never see a camcorder? At a funeral. Wouldn't that be fun? Especially if you didn't know any of the people there. Why not go to a stranger's funeral, and bring your camcorder? Have a little fun! Zoom in on the corpse's nose hairs. Then pull back, and pan over to the widow's tears. Get a tight shot of that. Do a montage of people wracked with grief. Then go home and put a laugh track on it! Smoke a joint and show it to your friends. That would be a lot of fun.

1997，George Carlin，Brain Droppings，New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 173:

Possibly a show with no laugh track would improve with a well-done laugh track.

2004，Robert Kubey，Creating Television, →ISBN:

He felt it weird to have this discussion with a laugh track running faintly in the background.

2012，Ridley Pearson，No Witnesses, →ISBN:

There were shows where they let us not use a laugh track ... and portions of shows. Whenever they were in the O.R. or serious surgery, there was no laugh track.

2013，Allan Neuwirth，They'll Never Put That on the Air: The New Age of TV Comedy, →ISBN:


lead time

It's an excellent device, but it has a 10-week lead time, so be sure to order it in advance.

With long lead times in timetable planning WMT [West Midlands Trains] has stated that the earliest it can recast the timetable will be May 2020.

2019 October，“Chase Line service to be split next May”, in Modern Railways，頁 17:


ECT

发射型计算器断层成象（emission computed tomography/emission computerized tomography）


environmental monitoring

[環境][電子計算機]環境監視；環境監測，為防止對環境造成的負面或有害影響所進行的週期性或連續性的量測、評價和測定環境參數或污染程度。同時包括總體生態系統之預測或生物圈之可能變化。


flash card

flash cards (plural)
flashcard (alternative)


floor plan

Show visitors use the showguide (with floor-plan and ads) to pre-plan their limited visiting time […]

展会观众参考会刊（含展位平面图及广告页）提前规划有限的参观时间 […]

1985，Walter S. Kelley, Henry G. Lord, Walter Bradford Guild，Textile World，卷 135，頁 57:


Mach

源自捷克語 Mach、斯洛伐克語 Mach、波蘭語 Mach 及其他相關語言，源自以 Ma- 開頭的人名的截尾形式 + 斯拉夫語後綴 -ch 組成的暱稱。亦有可能來自匈牙利語 Mács。還有些情況是源自越南語或高棉語。

沒有複數形式。 一般接在數字前面，如上面的例子。

The jet traveled at Mach 3.

噴氣機以3馬赫的速度飛行。


Microsoft

microcomputer + software 組成的混成詞。參見 -soft。

一家產品被廣泛應用的公司

Similarly, said Fraley, farmers were going to demand Bt cotton or Roundup-resistant soybean plants no matter where they went shopping for seeds. Monsanto would be the Microsoft of agriculture.

2001，Daniel Charles，Lords of the Harvest: Biotech, Big Money, and the Future of Food, →ISBN，頁 110:

The company wanted to turn Celera into the Microsoft of the gene-hunting world, selling its version of the human genome to private or public gene hunters through a proprietary computer program.

2005，Merrill Goozner，The $800 Million Pill: The Truth Behind the Cost of New Drugs, →ISBN，頁 64:

Shepherding is more or less gone (though there’s an interesting move back toward discipleship in today’s church especially among those influenced by Rick Warren’s blockbuster book The Purpose-Driven Life), but Integrity remains as sort of the Microsoft of worship music.

2006，Andrew Beaujon，Body Piercing Saved My Life: Inside the Phenomenon of Christian Rock, →ISBN，頁 232:


miniseries

迷你影集；迷你剧；电视连续短剧。一种电台或电视连续剧，通常集数较少，不会整季播出。

一种相对较短的、长度预设的连环漫画系列。


manufacturer

/ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃəɹə/

/ˌmænjəˈfækt͡ʃɚɚ/

[ˌmɛənjəˈfækt͡ʃɚɚ]


meme

由英國的生物學家理查德·道金斯在1976造出，用於其著作《自私的基因》。mimeme的縮略（對比英語 phoneme），源自古希臘語 μῖμος (mîmos，“複製，模仿”)。。其網路含義由迈克·戈德温應用。

culturgen

模因，迷因（透過模仿在人與人之間傳播的思想、行為或風格）

模因，迷因（透過模仿在人與人之間傳播的思想、行為或風格）

Examples of memes are tunes, ideas, catch-phrases, clothes fashions, ways of making pots or of building arches.

1976, Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene:

Related memes tend to form mutually supporting meme-complexes such as religions, political ideologies, scientific theories, and New Age dogmas.

2002, Rita Carter, Exploring Consciousness, p. 242:

The original Hobson and Jobson stock comic characters have died out as a meme, as has the application of their names to the Muharram in India.

2014，James Lambert，“A Much Tortured Expression: A New Look At ‘Hobson-Jobson’”, in International Journal of Lexicography，卷 27, 期 1，頁 67:

哏/梗，網路迷因，網路爆火現象 （自1993年）

I do...but my journal is a mess. It's mostly filled with memes and my bitching about a house I am building.

2005，darklily，“OT: Livejournal”, in soc.sexuality.general (Usenet):

The idea was to append Keyboard Cat to the end of a blooper video to "play" that person offstage after a mistake or gaffe, like getting the hook in the days of vaudeville. The meme became popular, Ashton Kutcher tweeted about it to more than 1 million followers, and more than 4,000 such videos have now been made.

2012, Greg Jarboe, You Tube and Video Marketing, 2nd edition:

Harlem Shake meme: the new Gangnam Style? [headline]

2013年February8日，Tim Jonze，“Harlem Shake meme: the new Gangnam Style?”, in The Guardian:

Social networks produce inside jokes at a relentless pace. The best, worst, stupidest and funniest of those jokes become memes, and either you get them or you don’t.

2017年December15日，Jonah Engel Bromwich，“Life on the Meme Council: Meet the Internet’s Gatekeepers”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

He said that NFT sales had helped establish memes as a sophisticated art form and “serious pieces of culture.”

2021年April29日，Marie Fazio，引 Ben Lashes, “The World Knows Her as ‘Disaster Girl.’ She Just Made $500,000 Off the Meme.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

（本為錯誤卻）廣泛流傳成真實的行為或理念

it’s a meme degree

jogging is a meme


MOSFET

金屬氧半導體場效應電晶體；metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor 之首字母縮略詞。


multiplication table

It was not till animated by some discussion, based upon the multiplication-table, that you saw how keen and shrewd those large, dull, gray eyes could become.

1837，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，“Alteration”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […]，卷 II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC，頁 21:


Michelangelo

借自意大利語 Michelangelo，源自 Michele (“米迦勒”) + Angelo (“天使”)，指《聖經》中的天使長米迦勒。


Pinyin

來自官話 漢語 拼音 (pīnyīn)。

pinyin (alternative)
p'in-yin (alternative)


pop-under

popunder (alternative)
pop-unders (plural)


PSU

psu (“practical salinity unit，實際鹽度單位”)的大小寫替代形式


non-disclosure agreement

Shepard: What sort of work do you do here?
Dr. Palon: I can't say. I signed a non-disclosure agreement. If we survive, I'd like to keep my job.
Dr. Palon: The location is terrible, but the pay is better than any other commercial lab.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：Rift Station, Noveria:

Due to Non-Disclosure Agreements, he was unable to confirm too much regarding the work on the '92s', […].

2021年January27日，“Network News: Hydro-treated Vegetable Oil performs well in DBC tests”, in RAIL, issue 923，頁 11:


perfect number

仿譯自拉丁語 numerus perfectus，其中 perfectus 的用法本身是來自古希臘語 τέλειος (téleios)的語義借用。

完全數（一個等於其所有因數（不包括自身）之和的數）

The factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3 and 6, and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, so 6 is a perfect number.

6的因数有1、2、3和6，而1 + 2 + 3 = 6，故6是完全数。

The factors of 28 are 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28, and 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28, so 28 is a perfect number.


personal name

人名，個人名稱（尤其是全名）


protective coating

防護漆；防護塗層；保護性塗層


photovoltaic cell

[電子計算機]光伏打電池；光电池


quantum computer

Graphene could change the electronics industry, ushering in flexible devices, supercharged quantum computers, electronic clothing and computers that can interface with the cells in your body.

石墨烯可以改變電子產業，帶來柔性設備、極為迅速的量子電腦、電子服裝和可以與體內細胞連接的電腦。

2014年April13日，Nick Bilton，“Bend it, charge it, dunk it: Graphene, the material of tomorrow”, in 紐約時報:


quantum dot

A quantum dot is a semiconductor crystal a few nanometres (billionths of a metre) across – about 50 atoms wide, in other words.

量子點是一種直徑幾奈米（十億分之一米）的半導體晶體，換句話說，大約有50個原子寬。

2011年June18日，“Dotting the eyes”, in The Economist:

There was talk that Apple would release an iMac with a quantum dot screen last year. But then the company switched course, declaring that the existing process for making these little crystals was too toxic to the environment.

去年有傳言稱蘋果將推出配備量子點螢幕的 iMac。但隨後該公司改變了方向，宣稱現有的製造這些小晶體的工藝對環境的毒性太大。

2016年May6日，Joanna Klein，“How a Mysterious Bacteria Almost Gave You a Better TV”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


red-black tree

源自此類樹狀圖中節點的傳統顏色。


remediation

正體: 補救；挽回[電子計算機]


run around

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见run、around。

我們把狗放了，這樣它就可以四處亂跑。

We let the dog off the lead so it could have a run around.

Natrum sulp. is my specific for inflammations of the matrix of the nails or " run arounds."

1893，The New England Medical Gazette - Volume 28，頁 183:

The sketch shows the arrangement of run arounds for bringing the loaded trips into the bottom and for returning the empties to the proper quarter of the mine.

1914，Mine and Quarry - Volumes 8-11，頁 1176:

The Committee contends : First, that the turn of Brakeuien W. R. Tighe and W. F. Haworth was run around at Baird by the crews of Conductors Schwartz, Russell, Hubbard, and Whaley and thereby lost 200 miles, or four 50-mile run arounds.

1937，United States. National Railroad Adjustment Board，Awards: first division. 1- - Volume 7，頁 504:


LCAO

linear combination of atomic orbitals (“原子轨道线性组合”)之首字母縮略詞。


dioxin

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dioxin.wav


sandbox

（供兒童在裏面玩耍的）沙箱，沙場


scavenger

原是中古英語 scavager，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 scawageour (“與清道夫有關的人，檢查員，收稅員”)，來自古諾曼語 *scawage、escauwage (“清道夫”)、古法語 *scavage、escavage，escauvinghe的變體 (對照中世紀拉丁語 scewinga、sceawinga)，來自古荷蘭語 scauwōn (“檢查，審查，查看”)。如今常被重構/分析為 scavenge (最初是該詞的逆向構詞) + -er。對照古英語 sċēawung (“展示，奇觀，檢驗，檢查”)、荷蘭語 schouwing (“檢查”)。參見show。

紡織廠中負責撿拾掉落棉花的童工

從空氣或溶液中去除雜質的物質


screenplay

同類詞：radioplay


SDRAM

synchronous dynamic random access memory之首字母縮略詞。


semicolon

The use of the semicolon has remained contentious and subject to fashion.

2021，Claire Cock-Starkey，Hyphens & Hashtags，Bodleian Library，頁 28:


semiotics

徵候學，符號語言學，符號學，記號學


SMB

SME

small and medium-sized business或small- to medium-sized business (“中小型企業”)之首字母縮略詞。


shielded twisted pair

[電子計算機]屏蔽雙絞線


sidewinder

源自side + winder (“行者”)，源自其移動的方式。

(棒球) 打出側傳的球員

20世紀60-70年代使用的一種拖網漁船


sign off

關閉廣播電台或電視台的攝影棚病停止廣播訊號

Sign off for the small-town radio station was at midnight.

小鎮廣播站停止廣播是在午夜。


skyscraper

正體: 摩天樓式廣告[電子計算機]


smiley

(電子計算機) 情感符號，笑臉


smoke and mirrors

來自魔術師使用的傳統障眼表演技巧。

Budget process? It's more like a magic show. It's wink and blink and smoke and mirrors and pulling rabbits out of hats, but almost all that ever comes up are designs to hide increases for the special interests.

1987 March 21, Ronald Reagan, Presidential Radio Address,

On revenue raising issues, Mr Harris reveals what a master of smoke and mirrors Bob Carr really is.

2007, Australian Senate, Parliamentary debates Australia: Senate,

It’s smoke and mirrors. It’s bogus. And it’s all too familiar. Every time we get close to passing reform, the insurance companies produce these phony studies as a prescription and say, "Take one of these, and call us in a decade."

2009 October 17, Barack Obama, Weekly Address: Taking the Insurance Companies on Down the Stretch,

As for the IRP, Secretary of State Grant Shapps continues to peddle snake oil, smoke and mirrors. His reaction to near-universal IRP condemnation from politicians, local and national media, and all but a few rail specialists was to dismiss the lot of us (in the condescending and patronising tone we have now come to expect) as "critics and naysayers".

2022年January12日，Nigel Harris，“Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL，期 948，頁 3:


solipsism

來自拉丁語 sōlus (“單獨”) + ipse (“自我”) + -ism。

The solipsism that too frequently infects high commands has no place on a battlefield.

2011，Bing West，No True Glory: A Frontline Account of the Battle for Fallujah:

Self-mythology has always been part of The Darkness’ shtick, but here Hawkins and crew forget to back it up with music catchy enough to transcend the solipsism.

2012年August21日，Jason Heller，“The Darkness: Hot Cakes (Music Review)”, in The Onion AV Club:


standard electrode potential

標準電極電勢；標準電極電位


storage compacting

一種硬體型態，其可隨機變動地將程式放置在主記憶體中，有利於同時執行多個程式。


striker

撞擊物，衝擊物 槍械作為撞針的裝置

Olympiakos had barely been in the Arsenal half but should have levelled in the 14th minute. A low corner was not dealt with and the ball fell to the feet of striker Rafik Djebbour, who saw his close-range effort brilliantly cleared from the goalline by Arteta.

2011年September28日，Tom Rostance，“Arsenal 2 - 1 Olympiakos”, in BBC Sport:

"Dog-robber" has a definite significance to some army men; but unless one has spent some time in uniform he will probably have to search long for its meaning: an officer's servant or striker.

1921，Franklyn Bliss Snyder, Ronald Salmon Crane，The English of Business，頁 90:

對著投手並防守球門的打擊手

'Twill prove a notable striker, like his father.

c. 1621–6，Philip Massinger，“The Unnatural Combat”, in The Plays of Philip Massinger，出版於 1845, act 4, scene 2，頁 54:


stunting

由於長期營養不良造成的發育遲緩。

Hence happens the frequent stuntings, blighting, and destruction of young trees […]

1759, James Justice, The British Gardener's Calendar


superconductor

源自 super- + conductor，仿譯自荷蘭語 suprageleider（現代拼寫 supergeleider）。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superconductor.wav


Tamagotchi

:日語 たまご [卵] + ウオッチ (< 英語 watch，時計)。

/ˌtaməˈɡɒtʃɪ/

/ˌtɑməˈɡoʊtʃi/

/ˌtɑməˈɡɑtʃi/

（商標名）拓麻歌子，電子雞


teleport

Teleports provide access to multiple satellites and other media as well. Independently owned teleports may also provide competitive access to different satellite systems.

2004，D. K. Sachdev，Business Strategies For Satellite Systems，頁 131:


telnet

作為用戶端進行此類通訊的程式


tennis elbow

tennis + elbow，源自該種疾病的典型來源。


TIA

transient ischemic attack (“短暫性腦缺血發作”)之首字母縮略詞。


time-lapse

time-lapses (plural)
time lapse (alternative)
timelapse (alternative)


troll

troll (複數 trolls)本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


Turing test

以英國數學家、邏輯學家和密碼學家艾倫·圖靈（1912–1954）命名。圖靈自己則使用 imitation game 一詞。

The Turing test used to be the gold standard for proving machine intelligence. This generation of bots is racing past it. We need to stay calm — and develop a new test.

圖靈測試曾是證明機器智能的黃金標準。這一代的機器人正在超越它。我們需要保持冷靜，並開發新的測試。

2023年January20日，Cade Metz，“The Chatbots Can’t Outsmart You. Yet.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


URN

uniform resource name (“统一资源名称”)之首字母縮略詞。


uninterruptible power supply

Examples of emergency power supplies include a storage battery or group of batteries, a generator driven by a fuel-supplied prime mover, or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) […].

2009，Geoff Craighead，High-Rise Security and Fire Life Safety，頁 357:

This upgrade comes after the installation of a $50,000 uninterruptible power supply system to compliment the facilities independent power supply.


urban legend

The claim that alligators live in New York City's sewers is an old urban legend.

纽约下水道里生活着短吻鳄的说法是一个古老的都市传说。


VPN

:Template:計算機virtual private network (“虛擬專用網路”)之首字母縮略詞。


web server

Web server (alternative)
webserver (alternative)
web-server (alternative)
web servers (plural)


wi-fi

Wi-Fi的另一種拼寫法


Winchester

源自中古英語 Wynchester，Winchestre ← 古英語 Wintanċeaster ← 拉丁語 Venta Belgārum (字面意思是“万塔比尔格鲁姆”)，可能最初源自原始凱爾特語 *wentā（“城鎮，地方”），原始印歐語 *h₁wen- + 古英語 ceastre（源自拉丁語 castra（“營地”））。

容積為1溫徹斯特夸脫的瓶子。


yellow box

yellowbox (alternative)
yellow boxes (plural)

‘[T]he old man would sit his horse out there in the shade of a yellowbox that grew just outside the garden fence.’

2002, Alex Miller, Journey to the Stone Country, Allen & Unwin 2003, p. 61:


ZIF

Zero Intermediate Frequency (“零中频”)之首字母縮略詞。

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (“沸石咪唑酯骨架材料”)之首字母縮略詞。


zero-sum game

同類詞：win-win、lose-lose

Dalio is right, but somewhat self-serving. If hedge-fund managers are playing a zero-sum game, what is their social utility? […] Can it really be in America’s interest to have so much of its young talent playing a zero-sum game?

达利欧说得对，但多少有点自私。如果对冲基金经理们玩的是零和博弈，他们的社会效用又是什么？ […] 让这么多的年轻人才玩零和博弈真的符合美国的利益吗？

2011年July18日，John Cassidy，“Mastering the Machine”, in The New Yorker, →ISSN:

A zero-sum game, as its name suggests, is one in which, whatever the outcome, the payoffs to the players add up to zero, which means that what one player gains, the other(s) must necessarily lose.

零和博弈，顾名思义，就是无论结果如何，参与者的收益加起来为零，这意味着一个参与者获得的东西，另一个参与者必然会失去。

2013，Andrew M. Colman，Game Theory and its Applications: In the Social and Biological Sciences，Psychology Press, →ISBN，頁 55:

Listen, I know it's been hard / You know it’s no different for me / We’re less than a zero-sum game now / And baby, we both know that's not how it's supposed to be

听着，我知道这很难 / 你知道这对我来说也没什么不同 / 我们现在不再是一场零和博弈/ 宝贝，我们都知道事情不应该是这样的

2014，“The Writing's On the Wall”, in Hungry Ghosts，演出者 OK Go:

He said turning a lab-created animal into a wild population would be an “enormous challenge”, but the financial support for de-extinction research should not be seen as a “zero sum game”.

他说，将实验室培育的动物恢复为野生种群将是一个“巨大的挑战”，但对复活灭绝物种研究的资金支持不应被视为“零和博弈”。

2022年August16日，Adam Morton，“De-extinction: scientists are planning the multimillion-dollar resurrection of the Tasmanian tiger”, in The Guardian:


zeroization

初始化行動 消除加密模塊中的敏感參數，以防止在設備被俘時洩露。


zig-zag

zigzag的另一種拼寫法


Zip drive

zip drive (alternative)
Zip drives (plural)


backmarker

(賽跑等的) 名次不佳的選手


back-translation

backtranslation (alternative)
back-translations (plural)

將氨基酸序列翻譯成遺傳代碼


backblast

(火箭、導彈) 點火時向後發出的熱空氣氣流

Two Iraqi soldiers were brought in the morning after being wounded by the backblast of one of their own rocket-propelled grenades.

今早，兩名此前被自己的火箭推進榴彈後方熱氣流灼傷的伊拉克士兵已被帶回。

2008年April21日，Michael R. Gordon，“Civilians Suffer in Sadr City’s Daily Gun Battles”, in New York Times:


behavioural science

It is, therefore, important to study the applications of behavioural science in housing decision making.

因此，研究行为科学在住房决策中的应用非常重要。

2020，Helen Bao，Behavioural Science and Housing Decision Making: A Case Study Approach，Routledge, →ISBN:


LPM

liquid per minute（升每分鐘） (L/min, l/min)（升/分鐘）


eye of the beholder

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-eye of the beholder.ogg

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
情人眼裡出西施。

1878, Margaret Wolfe Hungerford, Molly Bawn

Since czar isn't an official job title, the number is somewhat in the eye of the beholder.

September 16 2009, Anita Dunn, Reality Check: The Truth About "Czars"


TEF

Toxic equivalency factor (“毒性当量因子”)之首字母縮略詞。


pinealocyte

The pineal gland is lined on the inside with tissue called pinealocytes. These pinealocytes are similar to the rods and cones in the retina of your eye. That’s right; it’s the third eye! Your brain has a third eye in the center and it has retinal tissue. It also has the same wiring that your physical eyes do to the visual cortex in your brain! How did they know that all the way back when?

2017，片头起3:41, in The secrets of the pineal gland - full，spoken by David Wilcock (David Wilcock), YouTube: Collective Awakening:


tit

（英式，粗俗语，贬）蠢货、笨蛋


Kultur

kultur的另一種拼寫法

The bestialization produced by war and militant patriotism came openly to the front with all the horrors of savagery, rapine, deportation, atrocities, and the inhuman slaughter of millions of human beings for the glory of the Fatherland and Kultur and for "the making of the world fit for Democracy."

1919，Boris Sidis，The Source and Aim of Human Progress:


pneumothorax

pneumothoraxes (plural)
pneumothoraces (plural)


pyelonephritis

The urinogenous or ascending nephropathies are divisible into two great groups (a) the hydronephrotic nephropathies and (b) the pyelonephritides.

1913, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, Volume 145, page 54,


prostatitis

prostatitides (plural)
prostatites (plural)


rhythmus

源自拉丁語 rhythmus ← 古希臘語 ῥυθμός (rhuthmós)。

rhythm的棄用形式。

the rhythmus of language


salpingitis

salpingitises (plural)
salpingitides (plural)


volk

借自南非語 volk。folk 的同源對似詞。

The lover, Tertius […] is a journalist regarded by many of his family as a traitor to the volk.

2012, Nadine Gordimer, No Time Like the Present, Bloomsbury 2013, p. 22:


volk

Edg. Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor volk pass.

1608，威廉·莎士比亞 《李爾王》

No doubt a mampus of volk of our own rank will be down here in their carriages as soon as 'tis known.

1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles:


waltz

源自德語 Walzer ← walzen (“跳舞”) ← 古高地德語 walzan (“轉”) ← 原始日耳曼語 *walt- (“轉”) ← 原始印歐語 *wel- (“轉”)。

華爾茲舞曲，跳華爾茲舞時的音樂


Richter

magnitude

(後接十進制數字)：里氏震級/芮氏地震規模

(後接十進制數字)：里氏震級/芮氏地震規模


erster

oyster的發音拼寫。


Kaiser

繼承自中古英語 kayser，源自古高地德語 keisar (“皇帝”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *kaisar，源自原始日耳曼語 *kaisaraz。原始日耳曼語派生至古英語的詞彙是 cāser (“皇帝”)，但從中古英語 kayser (“皇帝”) 的詞形（而不是預期的 *caser、*coser）可以推斷出這個詞是後來從另一種日耳曼語言借來的，並非源自古英語的繼承詞；而現代英語的拼字和意義也似乎是受到現代德語影響而修改的，不是中古英語的直接延續。對照從斯拉夫語族借入的同源對似詞 tsar。

德語國家的皇帝，特別是神聖羅馬帝國（962-1806）、奧地利帝國/奧匈帝國（1806-1918）或德意志帝國（1871-1918）－通常特別指威廉二世。

任何皇帝或獨裁者，或試圖成為皇帝或獨裁者的人

And Black Ivo is a veritable Kaiser.

而黑伊沃則是名副其實的皇帝。

[…] that President Poincare, the first servant of France, is still Louis XIV, the former War-Lord, the Kaiser of France […]

Senator Sherman vigorously assailed the Shantung agreement, declaring that it would make the Mikado a veritable Kaiser of the Far East and alienate the sympathies of the 400,000,000 Chinese – from the people of the United States.

謝爾曼參議員猛烈抨擊山東協議，宣稱這將使天皇成為名副其實的遠東皇帝，並使四億中國人對美國人民失去同情。

1919，Far Eastern Political Science Review - Volume 1，頁 49:

[…] which，from the banking point of view, the National City Bank is a veritable kaiser.

從銀行業的角度來看，國家城市銀行是名副其實的皇帝。

凱撒麵包，一種表面有薔薇花狀劃痕的小圓麵包


Brett

Brettanomyces，一類酵母，用來釀造一些啤酒，也會影響葡萄酒的口感


Dasein

dasein的另一種寫法

Even in its failure, National Socialism refused to allow the question of Being to become the overt and pervasive question of Germany. It ensured that Dasein would either quickly find itself in its everydayness in the task of the reconstruction of an occupied Germany or not find itself, in death.

2005, James Phillips, Heidegger's Volk: Between National Socialism and Poetry, published by Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-5071-4.


bester

[…] "bouncers and besters," who cheat by laying wagers […]

1853, The Scripture Readers' Journal (page 15)


hip-hop

"...not knowning as they strolled through the doors of the community center near Bambaataa's mother's apartment that they were writing musical history. Among them was an MC named Lovebug Starski, who was said to utter the phrase 'hip-hop' between breaks in time."

2007, James McBide, Hip-Hop Planet, National Geographic (April 2007), 106,


absolver

免除者，寬恕者，赦免者（首見於16世紀晚期）

[…] few men dislike the Lay-Excommunicators and Absolvers more than I do […]

1684，Richard Baxter，Whether Parish Congregations Be True Christian Churches，London: Thomas Parkhurst，頁 2:


accelerando

/æksɛləˈɹændəʊ/

一種速度標記，表示該段音樂的速度逐漸加快。

（事物的）加速或指數級的進步或發展

The accelerando of the sciences and of technology, their mathematization have beggared both the reach and the veracity of natural language.
科學和技術的加速發展，以及它們的數學化，已經與自然語言的覆蓋範圍和真實性相去甚遠。

2012, George Steiner, The Poetry of Thought, p. 195:


agrafe

衣服上的搭扣、鉤子、夾子

The belt was of gold, confined by a diamond agrafe.


ail

繼承自中古英語 eilen，繼承自古英語 eġlan，eġlian (“困擾，折磨”)，和哥特語 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (agljan，“使苦惱”)同源。


ail

繼承自中古英語 eile、eyle、eiȝle，繼承自古英語 eġl，繼承自 原始日耳曼語 *agilō (“芒”)。和德語 Achel、Egel、Ägel同源。


ammoniac

繼承自中古英語 ammoniak，源自中世紀拉丁語 ammōniacum。


angélique

巴洛克時期的一種彈撥樂器，有兩個琴頸，通常有十六根弦，以豎琴的方式演奏


anorak

* 源自格陵蘭語 annoraaq。
* (有怪癖的人)：最初指鐵道迷（因為他們在尋找火車的時候會穿著連帽衫）

Don't ever use the hood on your anorak; and, if you do, for heaven's sake don't pull the string tight so that you peep out like a little baby in a siren suit.

1980，Bill Oddie，Bill Oddie's Little Black Bird Book，頁 61:

He has described himself as the uber-geek, an anorak's anorak, a standard bearer for fellow Star Trekkies everywhere, and his air of bland, amiable bafflement has served him remarkably well in a string of TV and film roles.

2007年February15日，Maev Kennedy，“I used to say he was England's answer to John Cusack. Now I think he's England's answer to Jack Lemmon”, in The Guardian:


apocalypse

启示录［《圣经.新约》的末卷］


arbitrage

非同化借詞，源自法語 arbitrage。

/ˈɑɹbɪˌtɹɑʒ/

/ˈɑɹ.bɪ.tɹɪd͡ʒ/


Argentine

源自古法語 argentin (“銀色的”) ← 拉丁語 argentum (“銀”)。


asphalter

澆注瀝青或使用瀝青工作的人


adaptogen

借自俄語 адаптоген (adaptogen)，由蘇聯科學家 N.V. Lazarev 命名，等同於adapt + -o- + -gen。


banqueter

Between courses, the banqueters were entertained by minstrels in medieval garb.

菜餚之間，身著中世紀服裝的吟遊詩人為宴會賓客獻上表演。


big band

由這種樂隊演奏的音樂類型


boycotter

As early as 1955[…], he spoke in what Sundquist calls his “ornate metaphorical style,” evident in his first speech to the boycotters.

2009年January18日，Anthony Lewis，“A New National Scripture”, in New York Times:


cafetière

/ˌkæfətiˈɛːəɹ/


Grab

I will take a Grab back home.

我會在Grab上叫一輛車回家。


JIA

juvenile idiopathic arthritis (“幼年型特發性關節炎”)之首字母縮略詞。


coexister

The anti-Babylonian autonomists equated national survival with the full independence of Judah under its present leadership, whereas the pro-Babylonian coexisters equated national survival with the socioeconomic and religiocultural preservation of the people of Judah.

2008，Norman K. Gottwald，The Hebrew Bible: A Brief Socio-Literary Introduction，頁 229:


cohabiter

neighbours and cohabiters of the same region, encompassed by the sea, and all called by one name, Sicilians.

1628, Thomas Hobbes (translator), Thucydides (original in Greek), History of the Peloponnesian War


sorrow

繼承自中古英語 sorow、sorwe、sorghe、sorȝe，繼承自古英語 sorg、sorh (“关心、焦虑、悲痛”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *sorgu，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *surgō（對比西弗里斯蘭語 soarch、荷蘭語 zorg、德語 Sorge、丹麥語、瑞典語和挪威語 sorg），源自原始印歐語 *swergʰ- (“看管、担心；生病、受苦”)（對比古愛爾蘭語 serg (“疾病”)、吐火羅語B sark (“疾病”)、立陶宛語 sirgti (“生病”)、梵語 सूर्क्षति (sū́rkṣati，“擔心”)）。雖然意思和詞形上和 sorry、sore 相似，詞源上和這兩者並無關聯。

The safe and general antidote against sorrow is employment.
消除悲伤的最安全、最通用的良药就是就业。

August 28, 1750, Samuel Johnson, The Rambler No. 47

She had nursed all the children, including Sandro, to whom she was devoted, and my husband was just as fond of her. His going away to America was a great sorrow to her, and she always kept the sacred light burning on a little altar for Sandro all the time of his long absence.

她照料了所有孩子，包括桑德罗，她对他十分疼爱，我丈夫也同样喜欢她。桑德罗要去美国，这对她来说是一件非常伤心的事，在桑德罗长期不在家的时候，她总是在小神坛上为他点亮圣灯。

1903，Maud Salvini，“Salvini as I Know Him”, in The Theatre，期 3，頁 312:

Vaublanc, in San Domingo so sympathetic to the sorrows of labour in France, had to fly from Paris in August, 1792, to escape the wrath of the French workers.

沃布朗在圣多明各对法国劳工的苦难深表同情，为了逃避法国工人的愤怒，他不得不于1792年8月逃离巴黎。

1963，C.L.R. James，The Black Jacobins，第2nd Revised版，頁 14:

Parting is such sweet sorrow.


NDF

non-deliverable forward (“無本金交割遠期外匯交易”)之首字母縮略詞。


Hang

來自阿勒曼尼語 Hang (“手”)。作為商標的新創詞。


cortège

cortege的另一種拼寫法


cosinus

古典借詞，源自新拉丁語 cosinus，complementi sinus 的縮寫。

When I came to these very buildings to pass my examination I knew far better the names of all the plants in this garden than the theory of the cubic roots or the long formulæ of the sum of two cosinus.

1884，A[lbert] A[ugustin] Fauvel，Chinese Plants in Normandy，Hong Kong: […]，頁 4，列 1:

So, in the helicopteron, as the helix is at the same time a sustaining plane, it should be likened to a surface moving horizontally, and in which, consequenty, the resistance to motion will be to the lifting power as the sinus is to the cosinus of the angle formed by such plane with the horizon.

1884年November29日，“Aerial Navigation”, in Scientific American: A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures，卷 LI, 期 22, New York, N.Y.: Munn & Co., 根據Victor Tatin in La Nature原著改編的翻譯作品，頁 342，列 1:

And according to our choice of a symmetrical conjunction or opposition, all the cosinuses are reduced to 1, namely to coefficients build up solely by scalar Keplerian elements a, e.

1949，Contributions from the Astronomical Institute of the Charles University Prague，頁 38:

The variations are described in terms of cycles of sinuses and cosinuses.

1996，Pentti Zetterberg, Matti Eronen, Markus Lindholm，“Construction of a 7500-Year Tree-Ring Record for Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris, L.) in Northern Fennoscandia and its Application to Growth Variation and Palaeoclimatic Studies”, in Growth Trends in European Forests (European Forest Institute Research Report; No. 5)，Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, →ISBN，頁 15:

Basically, the rotation of the matrix of the factor loadings L represents its post-multiplication, i.e. L* = LO by the rotation matrix O, which itself resembles one of the matrices included in the classical rotational Lie groups SO(m) (containing the specific m–fold combination of sinuses and cosinuses.

2007，Vladimir G. Ivancevic，Tijana T. Ivancevic，“Introduction: Human and Computational Mind”, in Computational Mind: A Complex Dynamics Perspective (Studies in Computational Intelligence; 60)，Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, →ISBN, →LCCN, section 1 (Natural Intelligence and Human Mind)，頁s 60–61:


dele

源自拉丁語 dēlē，dēleo (“刪除”)的第二人稱單數祈使語氣形式。


solanine

Apparently the high activity of α-solanine injected into the bloodstream may be due to cholinesterase inhibition, while the lesser effects of orally administered α-solanine could reflect its poor adsorption from the gastrointestinal tract.

1989, R. P. Sharma, D. K. Salunkhe, Chapter 8: Solanum Glycoalkaloids, Peter R. Cheeke (editor), Toxicants of Plant Origin: Alkaloids, Volume 1: Alkaloids, page 214,

The most potent inhibitors are found in potatoes, and of these the most active component is the glycoalkaloid solanine.

1996, M. M. T. Janssen, H. M. C. Put, M. J. R. Nut, Chapter Two: Natural Toxins, John De Vries (editor), Food Safety and Toxicity, page 14,

Evidently, during the ripening process, the solanines are metabolised to neutral saponins without the occurrence of glycoside hydrolysis.

2005, Dietrich Frohne, Hans Jürgen Pfänder, Poisonous Plants: A Handbook for Doctors, Pharmacists, Toxicologists, Biologists and Veterinarians, page 380,


phun

A couple of ANI numbers to have phun with: Pacific Bell - downtown Sacramento: […]

1998, 2600: The Hacker Quarterly (volume 15)


agama

借自蘇里南湯加語 agama (“蜥蜴”)，源自一格貝語支語言；對比埃維語 agama (“變色龍”)。

飞蜥属（Agama）的蜥蜴


angpau

ang pow的另一種寫法

The lorchu' s angpau contained two Malaysian dollars, those of the thauke, 40 cents.

1990，Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography，頁 24:

It says the children receive angpau from the adults, while the old receive angpau from the young.

2003，Choo Ming Ding & Kee Beng Ooi，Chinese Studies of the Malay World: A Comparative Approach:


az

來自古教會斯拉夫語 азъ (azŭ)。

аз

西里爾字母及格拉哥里字母名稱

аз

西里爾字母及格拉哥里字母名稱

азъ

西里爾字母及格拉哥里字母名稱

ⰰⰸⱏ

西里爾字母及格拉哥里字母名稱

аз

西里爾字母及格拉哥里字母名稱

аз

西里爾字母及格拉哥里字母名稱

西里爾字母及格拉哥里字母 a 的名稱。


bambu

bamboo的棄用形式。


foto

photo的另一種拼寫法

Have your foto
in a bathingsuit

1909, sign on an Atlantic City (New Jersey) beach, photographed and shown in National Geographic (August 2015), volume 228, number 2, page 132:

Reply with foto and phone to GCN box 719

1977年April23日，“Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News，頁 18:

But it didn't matter, fotos or drawings. They were all illustrations of tall, slinky girls with abnormally large breasts striving to be contained within abnormally small brassieres […]

2000，Sam George Arcus，Deja Views of an Aging Orphan: Growing Up in the Hebrew National Orphan Home, →ISBN:


hatta

hattah的另一種拼寫法


jambu

jambul的另一種寫法


jambul

來自梵語 जम्बुल (jambula)、जम्बु (jambū，“蒲桃、蓮霧”)。

jambool (alternative)
jambu (alternative)
jambuls (plural)

肯氏蒲桃、海南蒲桃（果實像梅子的樹）


palau

pilaf的另一種拼寫法


pisang

源自馬來語 pisang。

The orange crop was good; custard-apples, pisangs and pomeloes fair, the latter were poor in quality.

橙子收成不错；番荔枝、香蕉和柚子收成还不错，但柚子品质较差。

1906，Perak，Government Gazette: Supplements，頁 3:


pontianak

馬來西亞及印度尼西亞傳說中的一種吸血女鬼，據說是孕婦難產死後變成的

One of the most fearsome creatures of Malay folklore is the pontianak.

马来民间传说中最可怕的动物之一是吸血女鬼（「龐蒂雅娜」）。

2009，Andrew Hock-Soon Ng，“"Death and the Maide": The Pontianak as Excess in Malay Popular Culture”, in Draculas, Vampires, and Other Undead Forms: Essays on Gender, Race and Culture:

pontianac (“化石树脂”)的另一種寫法


sais

來自印地語（印度斯坦），來自阿拉伯語 سَائِس (sāʔis，“馬夫、馬伕”)，來自سَاس (sās，“飼養馬匹”)。

馬夫或負責照顧馬的傭人。

Not one of them [horse dealers] will venture a horse, he is about to sell, in the stables of the intended purchaser, unless attended by one of his own syces, or grooms, who both knows and is known by the animal. If the horse be very old, or naturally dull, the syce takes care to ply him with spices and other stimulants; and if vicious, opium, and other anodynes are given; so that the horse is absolutely in a state of disguise.

1808，Thomas Williamson，Oriental Field Sports; being a Complete, Detailed, and Accurate Description of the Wild Sports of the East … In Two Volumes，卷 II, London: Printed by W[illiam] Bulmer and Co. Cleveland-Row, St. James's; for Edward Orme, Bond-Street, the corner of Brook-Street, and B. Crosby and Co. Stationers' Court, →OCLC，頁 213:

4th Troop 1st Brigade—3 rank and file, 1 syce, 17 horses, killed; […]

1849年April19日，“General Return of Casualties in the Army of the Punjaub in the Action at Goojerat on the 21st February 1849, between the British Forces under the Personal Command of General the Right Hon. Hugh Baron Gough, G.C.B., Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in India, and the Rebel Army under the Sirdar Chuttur Singh and Rajah Shere Singh”, in The Indian News, and Chronicle of Eastern Affairs，期 160, London, →OCLC，頁 179:

THE DUTIES OF THE SAIS OR GROOM. […] Now, if the good house-mother's proudest boast is that not even "the cattle within her gate" fail to feel her kindly care, she will often find it necessary to take an active part in teaching the sais his duty, and seeing that the horses receive proper attention. […] The old plan of a sais and a grass-cutter to each horse is a thing of the past, and the number of saises or grooms should have reference merely to the amount of harnessing and out-work necessary during the day.

1890, Flora Annie Webster Steel; Grace Gardiner, “The Duties of the Servants”, in The Complete Indian Housekeeper and Cook: Giving the Duties of Mistress and Servants, the General Management of the House and Practical Recipes for Cooking in all its Branches, Edinburgh: F. Murray, OCLC 228145908; reprinted Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010, 978-1-108-02193-7, page 68:

But apart from the story of the havildar, my own syce, a hillman who attends my pony, has actually seen two ghosts, with one of whom he held a long conversation.

1906，Charles A[tmore] Sherring，“Superstitions”, in Western Tibet and the British Borderland; the Sacred Country of Hindus and Buddhists, with an Account of the Government, Religion, and Customs of its Peoples，London: Edward Arnold, →OCLC，頁 100:

Dinner, dinner, dinner … but when he returned to the house for it, Mahmoud Ali had drifted away in his turn, to speak to his sais.

1924，E[dward] M[organ] Forster，A Passage to India，London: Edward Arnold & Co., →OCLC; 再版 New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1952, →OCLC，頁 13:

The horse also, as if it had its own premonitions, refused to get on to those rickety planks, though the rest of the party had negotiated them safely. The sais (horse attendant), who had no such anxieties, crossed ahead of us and struggled for some minutes to drag the poor frightened animal, with myself on its back, across the chasm.

1974，Apa Pant，“Dreams and Destinations”, in A Moment in Time，Bombay: Orient Longman, →OCLC，頁 76:

We have not been able to get a good syce for our animal, and have had to make do with a young and inexperienced fellow.

1987，Sara Banerji，The Wedding of Jayanthi Mandel，London: Victor Gollancz Ltd., →ISBN:

Each pony had his sais, his groom, who lived and ate and slept with the animal, and had betted a good deal more than he could afford on the result of the game. There was no chance of anything going wrong, but to make sure, each sais was shampooing the legs of his pony to the last minute. Behind the saises sat as many of the Skidars' regiment as had leave to attend the match […]

2010，Rudyard Kipling with James Daley, comp., “The Maltese Cat”, in Great Horse Stories，Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, →ISBN，頁 95:

通常寫成syce：司機、駕駛。

House servants are usually either Chinese or Tamil, the former predominating, especially in towns of any size. The domestic staff will in general consist of a houseboy (in large establishments two houseboys), a water carrier (tukang ayer), whose duties include washing dishes and preparing baths, a cook, a gardener, a chauffeur or sais, and perhaps an ayah (if Chinese, amah) or two, according to the size of the family.

1935，Ralph Lionel German，Handbook to British Malaya, 1935，[London]: [R. L. German]: Obtainable from the Malay Information Agency, Waterlow and Sons, →OCLC，頁 50:

[A]fter their first few days there he had hired a syce, a Malay chauffeur. The syce, who had been squatting down, sheltering in the shade of the car, jumped to his feet at their approach, opening the doors for them with an efficient flourish.

1988，Margaret Pemberton，A Multitude of Sins，New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, →OCLC:

Each establishment had a retinue of Chinese or Malay servants, on average consisting of a cook, one or two "house boys," a tukang kebun (gardener), a sais (chauffeur), and an ayah or amah (maid or nurse) to take care of ironing […]

1994，Laurence C[arl] Bergquist，Destiny: A Southeast Asia Saga, 1928–1953: Singapore, Malaya, Indonesia，Pacifica, Calif.: Pacifica Press, →ISBN，頁 51:

The lady – a very elegant Romanian by birth – arrived with her daughter Miriam, the English governess, the secretary, a detective, and last of all the syce, or chauffeur, who seated himself in the garden rather than wait in the large Rolls-Royce parked outside, with the family crest placed above the number plate.

1999，Mary Sydney Burke，The Soldier's Wife: Peace and War，London: Janus Publishing Company, →ISBN，頁 128:

[T]he expansion of the service economy, for the home, the office and the municipality, had created a more mixed labouring world. A wealthy European or Asian home would bring together a Chinese amah, or maid, a Malay syce, or chauffeur, and an Indian kebun, or gardener, operating through a Malay lingua franca. On a larger scale, in the invisible city, ethnic communities were pushed closer together, often for the first time.

2005，Christopher [Alan] Bayly with Tim[othy Norman] Harper, Forgotten Armies: The Fall of British Asia, 1941–1945，Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, →ISBN，頁 53:


sotong

借自馬來語 sotong。


tempe

tempeh的另一種寫法


toko

借自荷蘭語 toko (“東南亞雜貨店”)，派生自馬來語 toko (“商店”)，派生自閩南語土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “私人倉庫”)。


toko

toco (“體罰”)的另一種拼寫法

When a reglar Primroser gits toko, one wonders wot next there will come.

1892，Edwin James Milliken，“On Law and Order”, in The 'Arry Ballads，verse 1，頁 58，行 4:


yu

來自漢語 玉 (yù)、卣 (yǒu)。

卣，古代中國的酒器，通常有個裝飾性的蓋子。

A group of slenderer yu also survive from the Shang into the early Chou period, though they are rarer than the other design […] A yu with square body in the Hakuzuru Museum is the finest of these.

1962, William Watson, Ancient Chinese Bronzes (page 34)

The Yu, although of the hardness of rock crystal, is worked into an endless variety of forms […]

1818，Clarke Abel，Narrative of a Journey in the Interior of China，頁 133:

Another stone with which it would be interesting to compare it is the celebrated yu stone of the Chinese, which Dr. Abel, in his work on China, conjectured to be a species of nephrite […]

1826, The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British India and Its Dependencies:


yu

來自俄語 ю (ju)。


zakat

源自：
* 波斯語 زکات (zakât)；
* 土耳其語 zekât，來自鄂圖曼土耳其語 زكات (zekat)；或
* 烏爾都語 زکات；
均源自阿拉伯語 زَكَاة (zakāh，“施捨，天課；淨化”)，來自زَكَوٰة (zakāh) (古舊)，來自亞拉姆語 זכותא/ܙܟܘܬܐ (zākūṯā，“善良，正直；優點；勝利”)，來自זכי (zəḵē，“獲得；克服，戰勝”)。

zakats (plural)
zakaah (alternative)
zakah (alternative)
zikat (alternative)
Zikat (alternative)

Zakât is an ordinance of God, incumbent upon every perſon vvho is free, ſane, adult, and a Muſſulman, provided he be poſſeſſed, in full propriety, of ſuch eſtate or effects as are termed in the language of the lavv a Niſâb, and that he has been in poſſeſſion of the ſame for the ſpace of one complete year, vvhich is denominated Havvlân-Hâvvl. The reaſon of this obligation is found in the vvord of God, vvho has ordained it in the Koran, ſaying, "Bestovv Zakât."

1791，[Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani]，章號 I, in Charles Hamilton（譯者）, The Hedàya, or Guide; a Commentary on the Mussulman Laws: […]，卷 I, London: […] T[homas] Bensley, →OCLC, book I (Of Zakât)，頁 2:

The Mahometan law insists on the legal obligation of society to support their indigent fellow-citizens, the Hedaya or Mahometan Guide begins, "take zakat," said Mahomet, "from the rich Mussulmans, and bestow it upon the poor Mussulmans: zakat or charity," says the code, "signifies alms imposed by law, in opposition to [sadka], voluntary charity." […] The zakat was a property-tax paid on all productions and profits, on merchandise, mines, &c.

1831，James Butler Bryan，章號 XII, in A Practical View of Ireland，來自the Period of the Union; with Plans for the Permanent Relief of Her Poor, and the Improvement of Her Municipal Organization: […]，Dublin: W. F. Wakeman, […]; London: Simpkin and Marshall, […], →OCLC，頁 327:

The Alcoran and all the subsequent teachings of the faithful enjoined a constant and liberal charity. […] The theory of the zakat, or tax, is that it is a voluntary gift. Contributing for the needs of the state followed in due course of time, and became obligatory. These taxes, or zakat, amounted by law to two and a half per cent. of the principal of certain assessed property.

1886，William A[ddison] Phillips，“The Mahometan System, and the Governments and Forms of Society Founded on It”, in Labor, Land and Law: A Search for the Missing Wealth of the Working Poor，New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC，頁 140:

Amongst these stations is the well-known place called Qaṭyā, which the people pronounce Qaṭya, where zakāt is collected from the merchants, their goods are examined, and their baggage most rigorously searched.

1958，Ibn Battuta，“Syria”, in H[amilton] A[lexander] R[osskeen] Gibb（譯者）, The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa A.D. 1325–1354 […]，卷 I, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press for the Hakluyt Society, →OCLC，頁 72:

Services given by the Sayyids are supposed to be free, but they should receive the Zikat, or one tenth of the fruits of the earth.

1963，Emrys L[loyd] Peters，“Aspects of Rank and Status among Muslims in a Lebanese Village”, in Mediterranean Countrymen: Essays in Social Anthropology of the Mediterranean，Paris: Mouton and Co., →OCLC，頁 170; republished in Peoples and Cultures of the Middle East: An Anthropological Reader，卷s II (Life in the Cities, Towns, and Countryside), Garden City, N.Y.: Natural History Press for the American Museum of Natural History, 1970, →ISBN，頁 88:

[…] Russian goods were subject to numerous zakats as well as to taxes on buying and selling in the bazaars, on maintaining shops and stalls in the bazaars, and on the compulsory use of the official bazaar weights.

2004，Seymour Becker，“Economic Development”, in Russia’s Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva, 1865–1924，London, New York, N.Y.: RoutledgeCurzon, 出版於 2005, →ISBN, part 3 (The Russian Presence)，頁 136:

By tradition, zakat proceeds serve partly to deliver poor relief and partly to finance "praiseworthy activities," defined to include religious education and pilgrimage. In several countries, including Pakistan, zakat has become a legal obligation, and the government now organizes both its collection and its disbursement. In most parts of the Islamic world, however, zakat is collected and disbursed in a decentralized manner by local religious organizations[…].

2006，Timur Kuran，“Islam and Economics: Policy Prescriptions for a Free Society”, in Islam and the Everyday World: Public Policy Dilemmas，Abingdon, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN，頁 43:

Zakat is a system of alms giving which constitutes one of the five pillars of Islam, and zakat committees operate as social welfare agencies by collecting zakats from able Muslims and distributing them to the less fortunate.

2009，Atta El-Battahani，“Ideological Expansionist Movements versus Historical Indigenous Rights in the Darfur Region of Sudan: From Actual Homicide to Potential Genocide”, in Darfur and the Crisis of Governance in Sudan: A Critical Reader，Ithaca, N.Y., London: Cornell University Press, →ISBN, part 1, section 1 (Origins and Evolution of the Conflict), endnote 16，頁 67:

In practice, the zakats seem to have varied a great deal with the context, the society, and local norms.

2020 March，Thomas Piketty，“Ternary Societies and Colonialism: Eurasian Trajectories”, in Arthur Goldhammer（譯者）, Capital and Ideology，Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, →ISBN, part 2 (Slave and Colonial Societies), footnote 76，頁 409:


antonym

“rich” is an antonym of “poor”; “full” is an antonym of “empty”

“富有”是貧窮的反義詞；“滿”是“空”的反義詞


APM

arbitrage pricing model (“套利定價模型”)之首字母縮略詞。

advanced power management (“進階電源管理，高級電源管理”)之首字母縮略詞。

He's a total roxor. He's got the highest APM over anyone. Actions per minute. This tournament is his whole life.

2016，Le Chien Kim，“Gamer”, in Miraculous:

automated people mover (“自動旅客捷運系統”)之首字母縮略詞。

application performance management/monitoring (“應用程式效能管理/監控”)之首字母縮略詞。


ASF

使用進階系統格式的檔案或串流


bear market

Investors face a quandary. Cash offers a return of virtually zero in many developed countries; government-bond yields may have risen in recent weeks but they are still unattractive. Equities have suffered two big bear markets since 2000 and are wobbling again. It is hardly surprising that pension funds, insurers and endowments are searching for new sources of return.

2013年July6日，“The rise of smart beta”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8843，頁 68:


big beat

“大节拍”，音乐流派之一，把Brit-Hop变得更快，节奏更重。


black friar

字面意思為“黑衣修士”，源自其穿黑色斗篷的習慣。


Bloody Mary

Bloody Marys (plural)
Bloody Maries (plural)


bossa nova

源自巴西葡萄牙語口語詞 bossa (“潮流、趨勢”，字面意思是“隆起，突起”) + nova (“新的”)。

/ˈbɒsə ˈnəʊvə/

波薩諾瓦/巴薩諾瓦，一種巴西音樂與舞蹈風格，類似桑巴與爵士樂的結合。


breakbeat

音乐流派之一，不像House的拍子有规律，而是以破碎的节拍呈现，像是切分拍，如在两拍中加入小碎鼓等。有很多种音乐都属Breakbeat，如Brit-Hop、Big-Beat、和黑人的Hip-Hop。


Britpop

一种九十年代在英国兴起的另类摇滚运动，中文可译为“英式摇滚”，主要以乐队形式出现。


calcium gluconate

葡萄糖酸钙（C₁₂H22CaO₁₄）


categories

/ˈkætəˌɡɔɹiz/


chamber pop

是指典雅、高贵、精致的一种流行乐，有一定的古典音乐感觉。


Cherokee

可能源自切羅基語的本名ᏣᎳᎩ (tsalagi)。也可能源自喬克托語異稱“住在洞穴的人”（對比chiluk (“洞穴”)） — 易洛魁語對切羅基人的稱呼是Oyata'ge'ronon (“洞穴之國的住民”) — 源自克里克語詞“說非克里克語言的人”（參見celokketv (“說非克里克語言”)）。
本詞作爲族稱，進入歐洲語言的時間比較早，可能早至1670年代；在西班牙語中，切羅基人被稱爲“Tchalaquei”（1755年）。

/ˈt͡ʃɛɹ.ə.kiː/


Chrysler

來自1925年由Walter Chrysler創立並以其名字命名的汽車公司。姓氏源自德語 Kreißler。

一輛該品牌的汽車（以前常用作豪華車的例子 (20世紀中期)）

同類詞：(豪華車，奢華) Cadillac、Buick、Lexus

He was driving a brand-new Chrysler.

他開著一輛全新的克萊斯勒。

Hop in my Chrysler, it's as big as a whale
And it's about to set sail
I got me a car, it seats about twenty, so come on
And bring your jukebox money
The love shack is a little old place where
We can get together
Love shack baby

跳上我的克萊斯勒，它像鯨魚一樣大
它即將啟航
我有一輛車，可以坐二十個人，所以來吧
帶上你的點唱機錢
愛情小屋是一個我們可以聚在一起的小地方
愛情小屋寶貝

1989，the B-52s （作曲作詞）, “Love Shack”, in Cosmic Thing，演出者 the B-52s:


Cinderella

來自cinder（如little cinder girl）。對照法語 Cendrillon。

cinderella (alternative)
Cinderellas (plural)

/ˌsɪndəˈɹɛlə/

出乎意料得到成功的事物，如Cinderella team。

A very early example of this can be seen in the case of the Midland Main Line (MML). At the start of 1982, this was the Cinderella of the InterCity portfolio but building more High Speed Trains (HSTs) to replace 90mph trainsets was out of the question. During 1982-83, Bleasdale shuffled his HST pack by taking sets from the Eastern and Western Regions and allocated these to the MML.

2020年January2日，David Clough，“How InterCity came back from the brink”, in Rail，頁 64:

清洁工女性（工作多为清理火炉中的灰）


classical pop

指带古典响乐味道的流行曲，多用弦乐伴奏的歌曲可列入此类。


Columbus

借自拉丁語 columbus (“鴿子”)。Colombo 的同源對似詞。動詞指的是這位意大利探險家的行為。


DAT

Dental Admission Test (“牙科入學試”) 之首字母縮略詞。


dream pop

梦幻流行，一种带有迷离气氛的流行曲，多靠电子合成器造成，歌唱部分往往呼吸声重，歌词也往往有诗意色彩，


drum and bass

鼓打貝斯，電子舞曲的一種。


e-magazine

This does not necessarily mean that they will be more commercially successful, because the affiliated magazines have a huge audience base from which to draw on as compared to new e-magazines that have to start from scratch.

2008, Rita Watson, Menahem Blondheim, The Toronto School of Communication Theory

This may explain why the most popular e-magazines are fashion magazines, which account for 74 percent of magazines read online.

2010, James F. Scotton, William A. Hachten, New Media for a New China (page 72)


Entscheidungsproblem

/ɛntˈʃʌɪdʊŋsˌpɹɒbləm/


EPA

同類詞：APA、IPA

I’ve noticed that the chief distinguishing factor between American pale ales and their English counterparts is the hop taste — APAs all seem to finish with a metallic, grapefruit, or pine bitterness (it differs depending on who you talk to), while EPAs mostly seem to finish with a leafy, earthy hop profile that’s less explicitly bitter.

2014年February14日，Adam Cowden，“The Man Who Invented Beer: Three Floyds Pride and Joy”, in HEAVE Media:

Beers brewed: CB's branded beers include Caged Alpha Monkey, Canandaigua Lake Pale Ale, EPA (English Pale Ale), Double Dark Cream Porter, and many seasonals and oneoff beers.

2014，Lew Bryson, Don Cazentre，New York Breweries, →ISBN:

We had a bonus taster of an EPA, or English Pale Ale (IPA is Indian Pale Ale), which went by the name Rhythm Stick, and according my notes was delicious, and full of peachy aromas.

2015年April8日，Bianca Coleman，“Craft beers go down with great ease”, in Independent Online:

It’s the Black Swan EPA which is the brewery’s best seller and the one most frequently found in local restaurants.

2017年June30日，Wayne Newton，“Canada’s theatre jewel has tasty choices for food and drink to rival Stratford’s onstage offerings”, in London Free Press:

I'm a bit twitchy myself, thirsting for some more Marston's, so we crack some bottles of Marston's EPA (English Pale Ale) a light, citrusy, beer that's very refreshing, although perhaps not best drunk in the freezing dusk wind that's now storming inland.

2017年November17日，Nick Harman，“The Unbeatable Barley of Holkham”, in Foodepedia:

enduring power of attorney (“持久授權書”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：LPA


Khmer

來自高棉語 ខ្មែរ (khmae)。歸因於巴利語詞彙khemara (“健康的人”)。省略形式ក្មេរ (kmera)可在古代石刻發現，或借用北部高棉語 เขมร (/khmɛːr/)。


Fox

* (姓氏)： 源自 fox (“狐狸”)。

Foxtrot

字母 F 的無線電話明碼字

字母 F 的無線電話明碼字


Fox

* (姓氏)： 源自 fox (“狐狸”)。

和萊斯特城足球俱樂部有關的人，包括粉絲、球員、教練等

The Foxes played with plenty of initiative in the original tie at the Walkers Stadium and they started this tie in impressively positive fashion, producing the game's first two chances: Andy King's goal-bound half-volley from Steve Howard's header down was tipped over by Joe Hart and Sol Bamba headed the resultant corner wide.

2011年January18日，Phil Dawkes，“Man City 4 - 2 Leicester”, in BBC:

Fox Indian的缩略形式：美洲原住民奧塔加米人或梅斯瓦基人的族人


SDR

single data rate (“單倍資料速率”)之首字母縮略詞。

transversal

system of distinct representatives (“相異代表系”)之首字母縮略詞。

single data rate (“單倍資料速率”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：DDR、QDR、ODR

software defined radio (“軟體無線電”)之首字母縮略詞。

standard dynamic range (“標準動態範圍”)之首字母縮略詞。

surveillance detection route (“監督檢測路線”)之首字母縮略詞。

socially desirable responding (“社會期許反應”)之首字母縮略詞。


gangsta rap

:Template:音樂Rap的一种，其内容多与都市罪案有关，充满暴力、色欲感受。


Shanghai

源自官話 上海 (Shànghǎi)。


Gemütlichkeit

gemuetlichkeit (alternative)
gemutlichkeit (alternative)

德語式拼寫Gemütlichkeit和英語化的gemutlichkeit（有時也作gemuetlichkeit）均有使用。英語化的詞形將首字母大寫改為小寫，並替換掉了變音符。兩式混合的 *Gemutlichkeit 或 *gemütlichkeit 一般認為是錯誤拼寫。

舒適，閒適，愜意，愉快的氛圍。

John never got over contrasting her taste in clothes coupled with her experiments in domestic interiors and gemutlichkeit.

[…] and Vincent Sheean "the king of gemutlichkeit".

1967，George Thayer，The Farther Shore of Politics，Simon and Schuster:

[…] where’d they all come from, these gray hustlers, what shadows in the Gemütlichkeit of the day were harboring them?

Mr. Corde believes in gemutlichkeit more than in public welfare.

Once the nation's largest producer of beer, it still is known as a brewing capital, and is famous for its gemutlichkeit (friendly hospitality).

1995年November12日，Brenda Warner Rotzoll，“Milwaukee: A Metropolitan Playground Within Reach”, in Chicago Tribune, TRAVEL，頁 1:

Once upon a time, intellectuals knew they could do their best thinking at home, not in a public venue, and that debate would be helped along by food and drink. But is such gemütlichkeit possible in this country in 2012, when our young century has already been strafed by culture wars and juvenile attack ads?

2012年August22日，Mark Oppenheimer，“After Dinner, the Fireworks”, in The New York Times:


speed metal

速度金属，重金屬音樂的一種。


lamivudine

源自[具體何詞?] + -vudine (“齐多夫定衍生物”)。


glam metal

一種起於1980年代的重金屬音樂，受華麗搖滾（glam rock）的影響。


grindcore

碾核，一種类似朋克的重金屬音乐，主唱低鸣深沉的狂吼咆哮、电吉他麻辣的音色再加上极快速的反复节拍及密集鼓点，构成一种几无旋律的重金属乐风。


haha

借自法語 haha。法語詞最早可考於1686年的新法蘭西（今魁北克）的地名中；比較現代地名圣路易迪阿！阿！（Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!）。一般認為這個詞是用於表達驚訝——“哈哈”或“啊！啊！”因遇到這樣的界線而驚呼。在法國，傳統上認為本詞來自大太子路易在莫頓宮的花園中遇到這種景象的反應。英語詞最早可考於1712年，由約翰詹姆斯翻譯法國作家Dezallier d'Argenville寫於1709年的著作“La theorie et la pratique du jardinage”：
Grills of iron are very necessary ornaments in the lines of walks, to extend the view, and to show the country to advantage. At present we frequently make thoroughviews, called Ah, Ah, which are openings in the walls, without grills, to the very level of the walks, with a large and deep ditch at the foot of them, lined on both sides to sustain the earth, and prevent the getting over; which surprises the eye upon coming near it, and makes one laugh, Ha! Ha! from where it takes its name. This sort of opening is haha, on some occasions, to be preferred, for that it does not at all interrupt the prospect, as the bars of a grill do.

ha ha (alternative)
ha-ha (alternative)
hah hah (alternative)

花園、遊樂場或公園的邊界類型，旨在不干擾視線，並且在靠近之前不可見。

The Ha Ha But the capital stroke, the leading step to all that, has followed, was (I believe the first thought was Bridgman's) the destruction of walls for boundaries, and the invention of fosses - an attempt then deemed so astonishing, that the common people called them Ha! Ha's! to express their surprise at finding a sudden and unperceived check to their walk. One of the first gardens planted in this simple though still formal style was my father's at Houghton. It was laid out by Mr. Eyre, an imitator of Bridgman. It contains three-and-twenty acres, then reckoned a considerable portion.

1785, Horace Walpole, On Modern Gardening:

Haha! or Fossee, are Terms of the same Signification, tho' the First is a new coin'd Word, they mean a Ditch, or Moat to Enclose a Garden, whether the Ditch has Water in it, or not, but the Haha, by the Custom of five or six Years, intimates a dry Ditch, so regulated by Slopes, and so Deep that it is unpassable. It makes a fine open Fence to a Ground.

1731, Richard Bradley, New improvements of planting and gardening, both philosophical and practical (London), page 164:

And then that pair went off together, fighting their own little battle on that head, as turtle-doves will sometimes do. They went off, and Bernard was left with Bell standing together over the ha-ha fence which divides the garden at the back of the house from the field.

1862, Anthony Trollope, The Small House at Allington, chapter VIII:


synthpop

用合成器及其他电子乐器（如电脑及鼓机）炮制出来的流行乐。


Tannenbaum

Oh, Tannenbaum, oh, Tannenbaum, how lovely are thy branches.

聖誕樹啊，聖誕樹，你的樹枝是多麼可愛。

Local newspapers covered the story of how Santa Claus had helped the Tannenbaum.

当地报纸报道了圣诞老人帮助圣诞树的故事。


tanto

借自日語 短刀 (tantō たんとう)。


Mass

源自中古英語 messe ← 古英語 mæsse，古法語 messe ← 晚期拉丁語 missa ← 拉丁語 mittō (“送走”)，對比法語 messe。


Hermes

源自古希臘語 Ἑρμῆς (Hermês)，其詞義與來源存在爭議，可能來自非印歐語系底層語言或原始印歐語 *ser- (“捆綁,組合”)。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Hermes.wav

雙面方柱頭像（常見於古希臘雕塑）


IDE

integrated development environment (“整合開發環境”)之首字母縮略詞。

integrated drive electronics (“整合裝置電路”)之首字母縮略詞。


trip hop

神游舞曲、吹泡音乐，英伦/欧洲跳舞音乐的一种。


使用MPEG Layer II格式的音頻串流檔案


interj.

interj的另一種寫法


NB

NASA research bomber plane (“美國國家航空航天局研究用轟炸機”)之首字母縮略詞。 （前綴代碼）

national best (“全國最好成績”)之首字母縮略詞。

newborn (“新生兒”)之縮寫。

Newborns (NBs) with a birth weight between […]

2006, Asim Kurjak, Frank A. Chervenak, Textbook of Perinatal Medicine, CRC Press (ISBN 9781439814697), page 1348:

NBs are also seen in newborns and may be detected in the fetus by antenatal imaging, most often associated with favourable prognostic features. Common sites for primary NB are the adrenal glands (48%), extraadrenal retroperitoneum […]

2014, Andy Adam, Adrian K. Dixon, Jonathan H Gillard, Cornelia Schaefer-Prokop, Ronald G. Grainger, David J. Allison, Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology E-Book, Elsevier Health Sciences (ISBN 9780702061288), page 1972:


IPTV

Internet Protocol television (“网络电视”)之首字母縮略詞。

每一千台車的返修率（Incidents Per Thousand Vehicles）


Jäger

jaeger的另一種寫法


jailbait

gaolbait (alternative)
jail bait (alternative)
jail-bait (alternative)
jailbaits (plural)

“禍水妞”，與其發生性行為即構成強姦罪的未成年女性。

"The first time she modelled for Edward Weston, in March 1934, Charis Wilson knew she didn’t look good. At 20 she was “a piece of jailbait”, a mere child, especially with the stumpy plaits into which she sometimes twisted her hair."

2009，The Economist，Charis Wilson, model and writer, died on November 20th, aged 95:


Noah

澳大利亞押韻俚語 Noah's ark (“鯊魚”) 的縮略。

I pulled the line in. There was a head on the end. That′s all – just the fish′s head, the body had been bitten off.
Then Team-man pulled in a head. So did the old man.
‘Noahs. That′s the end of that,’ said the old man. ‘Looks like we′re going anyway.’

1998，Phillip Gwynne，Deadly Unna?，unnumbered 頁:

Balloon fishing from the rock when the winds are correct can be a very productive way to target big mackerel and tuna, however the large number of sharks means that you will spend plenty of time battling unstoppable noahs between decent macks.

2003, Kurt Blanksby, Fishing Guide to Western Australia, Revised and updated 2010, page 38,

It looks like Jim and Rene are going ahead of us to chase away any big Noahs that might be lurking around.” Scott grinned to show that it was a joke and Jim waved to the group in acknowledgement.
“What do you mean ‘Noahs’?” asked a hefty millionaire from Minneapolis.
“Noah′s Arks,” one of the Australians answered for Scott. “Sharks.”

2006，Andrew Whitehead，Solomon Quest，頁 91:


Nobel

源自瑞典語 Nobel。

a Nobel-winning author


Orleans

源自法語 Orléans，最終來自拉丁語 Aurelianum（以重建該城的羅馬皇帝奧勒良命名）。參見Aurelius。

/ˌɔɹ.leɪˈɑ̃/

/ˌɔɹ.liˈɑːn/

一種用精紡毛紗和棉紗混紡的布料。


Patrick

[ˈpʰæ.t̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷɪk̚]

帕特里克（男子名）
參見：Patricia


PCE

power conversion efficiency (“能量转换效率”)之首字母縮略詞。

prenatal cocaine exposure (“产前可卡因暴露”)之首字母縮略詞。

Personal Consumption Expenditures (“个人消费开支”)之首字母縮略詞。


pop metal

流行金属，在重金属摇滚中加入流行音乐元素的音乐类型。


Pravda

借自俄語 Правда (Pravda，字面意思是“真理”)。

被認為不可信、且對其所有者或機構有偏見的報紙或其他媒體渠道

The fundamental purpose of the Government in introducing this measure, and in turning their three kept newspapers — the three Pravdas of Fianna Fail — to the propaganda campaign, is to wipe out the Labour Party, Clann na Talmhan, Clann na Poblachta and the Independents.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1959, Ireland. Oireachtas. Dáil, Parliamentary debates; official report

The music press is forever weeping about corporate-dominated music, but their only real contribution is their service as Pravdas of genre orthodoxy; what's "real jazz," "real blues," "real rock 'n' roll," blah blah blah.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

Eric Pickles, the new local government secretary, said he wanted to axe 'the weekly town hall Pravdas' to ensure that a healthy independent local press can scrutinise the work of councils.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2013, Bloomsbury Publishing, Whitaker's Shorts: Five Years in Review, A&C Black ISBN 9781472906168

Clinton did not mention Cernovich, but she attacked Alex Jones, the paranoiac Texas radio host, and Breitbart.com, the Pravda of the alt-right.

2016年October31日，Andrew Marantz，“Trolls for Trump”, in The New Yorker, retrieved 2017-12-02:


price-to-book ratio

股价与账面价值比率，股票市场价值与账面价值的比率，计算方法为股票当时收盘价格除以最近一个季度的账面价值。


wiki

首次出現於1995年的PC Week。為WikiWikiWeb的縮寫，來自夏威夷語 wikiwiki (“快速的”) + 英語 web。


Yamato

源自日語 大和 (Yamato)，後者來源不明，但可能和山 (yama) 有關。

When the Guptas were ruling in India and the Tang were ruling in China and the Yamatos were ruling in Japan, no one was ruling in Australia! The people of Australia were nomads.

當笈多在印度統治，唐在中國、大和在日本統治時，沒有人在澳大利亞！澳大利亞的人是游牧民族。

2007，S. Wise Bauer，The Story of the World, History for the Classical Child, →ISBN，頁 90:

日本帝國海軍在二戰期間使用的一類戰艦。


rose apple

悉尼紅樹膠（Angophora costata），澳大利亞東部特有的樹種。

任何不同種類蒲桃屬（Syzygium）的果實，特別指：
水莲雾（Syzygium aqueum）

任何不同種類蒲桃屬（Syzygium）的果實，特別指：
蒲桃（Syzygium jambos）

任何不同種類蒲桃屬（Syzygium）的果實，特別指：
马六甲蒲桃（Syzygium malaccense）


academia

借自新拉丁語 acadēmīa，派生自古希臘語 Ἀκαδημία (Akadēmía)，Akademeia、academy 的同源對似詞。另請參見academe。


acceder

[…] lawful covenants, made by the greater part of a society bind the whole, and every future acceder to it,—at least, unless the minority o[f] acceders have, by a proper dissent, diverted the obligation from themselves […]

1780，John Brown，The Absurdity and Perfidy of All Authoritative Toleration of Gross Heresy，Glasgow, Letter 2, p. 128:

He mentions this, not, of course, for readers in general, but for the sake of those daily acceders to the list of the reading public, whose knowledge of books is not yet equal to their love of them.

1835，Leigh Hunt，Captain Sword and Captain Pen，London: Charles Knight, Advertisement，頁 8:


alfalfa

來自西班牙語 alfalfa，來自早期alfalfez，來自阿拉伯語 الْفِصْفِصَة (al-fiṣfiṣa)、الْفَصْفَصَة (al-faṣfaṣa，“苜蓿，紫苜蓿”，字面意思是“馬的食物”)。


alfil

借自西班牙語 alfil，但同形異義。

一种仙灵棋棋子，可以在对角线上移动两个格子，跃过任何中间的棋子。


amnesia

來自修改後的拉丁語 amnesia，來自古希臘語 ἀμνησία (amnēsía，“遺忘”)，為μιμνήσκω (mimnḗskō，“提醒，記得”)的名詞派生詞，並加上否定前綴。

amm

一種強效的以苴麻為主的大麻品種

ammie

一種強效的以苴麻為主的大麻品種

a state of cultural amnesia

一種強效的以苴麻為主的大麻品種

She's lighting up some sensis, he's lighting up amnesias / I'm 'bout to get it started, I'm 'bout to get amnesia'd

2015，Jme （作曲作詞）, “Man Don’t Care” (音軌號 13), in Integrity>，演出者 Jme:


axioma

源自拉丁語 axiōma，源自古希臘語 ἀξίωμα (axíōma)；參見 axiom。


centésimo

centesimo (“烏拉圭、巴拿馬和（以前）智利的貨幣單位”)的另一種寫法


coronel

cronel的另一種寫法


fu

來自官話 賦／赋 (fù)。

賦，中國古代文體，介於詩和散文之間，源自戰國，在漢朝興盛。


fu

UNIX fu


injuria

借自拉丁語 iniuria。injury 的同源對似詞。

/ɪnˈdʒʊəɹi.ə/

故意使用攻擊性語言或手勢傷害某人的尊嚴


manga

源自日語 漫画(まんが) (manga)，來自中古漢語 漫 (中古 manH, “自由，散漫”) + 畫 (中古 hweaH|hweak)。與官話 漫畫／漫画 (mànhuà)，朝鮮語 만화 (漫畵／漫畫, manhwa)同源。最早是葛飾北齋1814年作品之題。manhua 的同源對似詞。

English speakers are quick to notice the at times incorrect use of English in anime and manga. Many English words are customarily used in standard Japanese speech, and sometimes they are pronounced and employed in a manner quite different from their native use.

2001，Gilles Poitras，“What makes anime unique”, in Anime Essentials: Every Thing a Fan Needs to Know，頁 63:

Manga (Japanese comics) are everywhere. Even here in Auckland. One can find various titles in their original versions as well as in Chinese, Korean and English translations.

2007，Yukako Sunaoshi，“Who reads comics? Manga readership among first-generation Asian immigrants in New Zealand”, in Popular Culture, Globalization and Japan，頁 94:

Manga-influenced comics by Western authors are frequently sold alongside manga, although in most bookstores the decision is primarily a matter of format and packaging (i.e., whether the book is printed in the compact manga size or the traditionally larger American comic book format).

2012，Jason Thompson，“Introduction”, in Manga: The Complete Guide，頁 46:

Lately I've been reading a Brazilian manga.

最近我在讀一本巴西漫畫。


manga

西班牙語 manga (“袖子”)。manche 的同源對似詞。


mayo

Pass me the mayo please.


mezquita

借自西班牙語 mezquita。mosque 的同源對似詞。


mirador

借自西班牙語 mirador。


persona

借自拉丁語 persōna (“面具；角色”)，源頭不明，可能來自personō (“聲音穿過”)；或來自古希臘語 πρόσωπον (prósōpon，“臉；外貌；古代劇場的一種面具，用以表示角色形象；社會角色”)；或來自伊特拉斯坎語 𐌘𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌖 (φersu)。person和parson 的同源對似詞。

personas (plural)
personae (plural)
personæ (plural)

/pɜː(ɹ)ˈsəʊnə/

He keeps his online persona completely separate from his real-world one.

他在網上和現實世界的形象完全是分開的。

用戶角色，虛構出來的用戶形象


rebato

rabato的另一種寫法

Why do they crown themselves with gold and silver, use coronets and tires of several fashions, deck themselves with pendants, bracelets, ear-rings, chains, girdles, rings, pins, spangles, embroideries, shadows, rebatoes, […]

1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:


rupia

源自古希臘語 ῥυπία (rhupía)，源自 ῥύπος (rhúpos，“污穢”)。


rupia

義屬索馬利蘭和葡屬印度的貨幣單位


safari

借自斯瓦希里語 safari (“旅行”)，派生自阿拉伯語 سَفَر (safar)。

狩獵遠征、攝影遠征；進入任何未開發的地區，在自己的環境中觀看，拍攝或狩獵野生動物。

進行上述活動所用的大篷車

任何以發現新事物或獲得獎品或戰利品為目的的旅行。

An ardent junker herself, Mrs. Egge tells how to conduct a fascinating junk safari into the attic or antique and secondhand shops and what to do with the trophies you bring home.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

1968, Ruth Stearns Egge, How to Make Something from Nothing


transcontinental

(常用用複數) 縱貫大陸的鐵路

Stretched across the Dominion of Canada are two parallel but dissimilar railways - the continent's only true transcontinentals north of the Rio Grande.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1959, Steam's Finest Hour, edited by David P. Morgan, Kalmbach Publishing Co.


zorro

借自西班牙語 zorro。


antipasto

借自意大利語 antipasto (“餐前的[食物]”)。

The antipasto often features fettunta—thin slices of Tuscan bread toasted and salted (the bread itself is unsalted) and perhaps rubbed with garlic (you may prefer to rub it on for yourself, or not if you're due to discuss Uganda or have an interview with Silvio Berlusconi)

2009，Nicholas Belfrage，The Finest Wines of Tuscany and Central Italy, →ISBN，頁 312:


listello

建築圓角、瓷磚邊框、柱槽突面


barista

借自意大利語 barista (“調酒師”，字面意思是“咖啡師”)，來自bar（來自英語 bar）+ -ista (“……的人”)；對照barman。

barrista (alternative)
baristas (plural)
baristi (plural)

Barista在意大利語中，可以指男性和女性。對於粗略熟悉意大利語語法的人，初次接觸該詞可能會覺得很女性化，這點在作為其矯枉過正的陽性派生詞baristo的存在得到證實。

"From behind the counter of this provincial train station coffee shop, Joanna was barista and unofficial shrink to wildly varied London-bound travellers," writes author Laline Paull. Confessions of a Barista on Platform 1 was published on February 9 by The Firle Press [...].

2021年March10日，“Stop & Examine”, in RAIL，期 926，頁 70:


MRI

magnetic resonance imaging (“核磁共振成像”)之首字母縮略詞。

Drawings and pictures are more than mere ornaments in scientific discourse. Blackboard sketches, geological maps, diagrams of molecular structure, astronomical photographs, MRI images, the many varieties of statistical charts and graphs: These pictorial devices are indispensable tools for presenting evidence, for explaining a theory, for telling a story.

2012年March20日，Brian Hayes，“Pixels or Perish”, in American Scientist，卷 100, 期 2，頁 106:


botanica

薩泰里阿教信徒所開設的商店，出售草藥和護身符


CCM

constrained conditional model (“约束条件模型”)之首字母縮略詞。

concurrency control method (“並行控制法”)之首字母縮略詞。

carbon ceramic matrix (“碳陶瓷复合材料”)之首字母縮略詞。

Combined Cypher Machine (“联合编码机”)之首字母縮略詞。


shopping center

shopping centre (alternative)
shopping centers (plural)


sinfonia

源自意大利語 sinfonia。symphonia、symphony、tsampouna、 和 zampogna 的同源對似詞。

作為序曲、間奏曲的作品或音樂


soffritto

借自意大利語 soffritto (字面意思是“用文火煎、炸的”)。

/səˈfɹiːtəʊ/

/səʊˈfɹiːtəʊ/

mirepoix

索夫利特醬，西班牙、義大利、葡萄牙與拉丁美洲料理中的一種底醬

索夫利特醬，西班牙、義大利、葡萄牙與拉丁美洲料理中的一種底醬

同類詞：sofrito

Most European cultures use a patiently chopped, heated and stirred vegetable mixture, such as a mirepoix or soffritto, always including members of the onion family, and Pollan explores the chemistry of these, as well as their adaptive value.

2013年May22日，Paul Levy，“Cooked: A Natural History of Transformation by Michael Pollan – review”, in The Guardian:


sostenuto

充分演奏出音符時值的音符；延音音符


frittata

The classic Italian egg pie, the frittata is an attractive dish that requires no fancy rolling or split-second timing... Much of the preparation for most frittate can be done in advance[.]

1998，Mark Bittman，How to Cook Everything，頁 740:


spinto

借自意大利語 spinto (字面意思是“被推”)。

抒情兼戲劇性的女高音或男高音


stagione

借自意大利語 stagione (“季節”)。station 的同源對似詞。

一种歌剧演出系统，每部剧目单独演出，演出时间短但密集

Again, for New York to have a stagione house is an interesting departure.

2008年June4日，Anthony Tommasini，“In Charting Its Future, City Opera Chooses an Adventurous Path”, in New York Times:


stufa

借自意大利語 stufa (“爐子”)。stove 的同源對似詞。

At its source is the still active stufa known as Acqua Castiglione al mare, the water of which has a temperature of from 160° to 170°F.

1875，“The Geological Magazine Or Monthly Journal of Geology”, in (請指定書籍名或刊物名):


sukiyaki

We played golf all day and lived Japanese-style after the massage and paper-and-scissors games with the geishas who cooked our sukiyakis.

1991, John O. Coote, Submariner (page 206)


tamburello

幾種類似壁球或網球的義大利球類運動之一，球員用類似手鼓的工具擊球

Exhibition tamburello matches were then arranged with British and local American athletes as charity fund-raisers […]

2013，Gerald R. Gems，Sport and the Shaping of Italian-American Identity，頁 2:


termite

來自法語 termite，來自拉丁語 termites (3音節)，termes的複數。
也可能派生自原始印歐語 *term- (“鑽”)。

Linnæus describes this insect under the Latin name of Termes; and citizen Cuvier speaks of it under that of Termites. The vulgar call it by that of white ant, or fourmi vaguevague. The termites divide themselves into societies: each society builds itself a next, and each nest belongs to an innumerable quantity of these insects, who acknowledge for their chiefs a king and a queen.

1802, Francis William Blagdon, Modern Discoveries; or, a Collection of facts and observations, vol. IV, page 162


trillo

借自意大利語 trillo。

trillos (plural)
trilloes (plural)
trilli (plural)


insider trading

內線交易，內幕交易，內部交易

Wall Street wants repeal of the provisions for penalizing executives (and large stockholders) who trade in their company's securities. It claims that publicity on such "insider" trading is enough.

华尔街希望废除对交易公司证券的高管（和大股东）进行处罚的规定。它声称，公开此类“内幕”交易就足够了。

1942年February9日，“Back to Philadelphia”, in Time:

The aim of insider trading law is simple: prohibit people from profiting from advance knowledge of a stock-moving event—be it a merger, an earnings warning or a soon-to-be-published news story.

内幕交易法的目的很简单：禁止人们利用对股票波动事件的提前了解来获利——无论是合并、盈利预警还是即将发布的新闻报道。

2003年June5日，Jake Ulick，“Insider trading: A primer”, in CNNMoney.com, retrieved 2008-10-25:


venti

原始印歐語詞
 *dwóh₁
借自意大利語 venti (“二十[盎司]”)。

比 grande 更大杯的咖啡，通常為 20 盎司

"They always order ventis," a cashier said brightly, "and are great tippers."

2002年July14日，Judith Matloff，“Whose Neighborhood?”, in The New York Times，頁 3:


vomito

患此病患者吐出的黑色嘔吐物


deo

Some men complain their deos don't work after regular use. Your underarm area can build up immunity to the same product. Alternating two deos can give you total protection.

2005, Drum: A Magazine of Africa for Africa (issues 687-694, page 32)

He brandishes a can of deodorant (deo) spray as he says this, grinning all the time. 'I started using this about two years ago. I didn't realise deos can be so useful in controlling sweating and keeping me feeling fresh. […]

2014，Damodar Mall，Supermarketwala: Secrets To Winning Consumer India:

'Maybe it's a teeny bit embarrassing, but seeing that we're good friends, Jabłonovska, don't you use any deo?' 'Any what?' 'Deo. Deodorant.' She pronounced the final T sharply and distinctly.


fere

:< 古英語（诺森布里亚）fǣra——ġefēra 的脱首形（ > 中古英语 y-fere）。

配偶；（动物的）交配对象


isha

借自阿拉伯語 عِشَاء (ʕišāʔ，“傍晚、晚上”)，源自صَلَاةُ العِشَاء (ṣalātu l-ʕišāʔ，“宵禮”)。


mahala

巴爾幹國家的社區或住宅區


shaka

來源不確定。Shaka在夏威夷語中不是一個詞，夏威夷語中沒有/ʃ/的音。

這手勢在夏威夷衝浪文化與南美流行。

沙卡手勢：源於夏威夷互相打招呼示好的手勢

Greet someone with the slang, “Howzit?” and say goodbye with a flash of the “shaka” sign (fist closed, thumb and pinky extended) and you have established your credibility with Hawaii natives.

2008年August10日，“Obama: At Home in the Islands”, in New York Times:

US President-elect Obama flashes the 'shaka' before he greets a crowd […]


taka

借自孟加拉語 টাকা (ṭaka)，源自梵語 टङ्क (ṭaṅka)。

塔卡，孟加拉/孟加拉國官方貨幣，下分為100 paisas，符號：৳

tanka (“中亞及南亞歷史上的貨幣”)的另一種寫法


ume

借自日語 梅 (ume)。


unca

That's from the poem of the legend of Kubla Kahn's palace in the lost valley of Xanadu! Alph was the river in the legend! Unca Scrooge, this is the road to Xanadu!

1991，Don Rosa，“Return to Xanadu”, in Uncle Scrooge，卷s 261-262，頁 5:


abnegation

/ˌæbnɪˈɡeɪʃən/

/ˌæbnəˈɡeɪʃən/


abode

[ʔəˈboʊːd̥̚]


abscission

源自拉丁語 abscissiō，源自abscindō (“我剪、我撕”)。


absconder

潛逃者，逃亡者 （首次記錄於17世紀末。）

[…] unless such an Act of Grace do reach insolvent Absconders, who to shun the Cruelty of their severe Creditors confine themselves out of their Reach, ’tis humbly conceived, ’twill be but half an Act of Grace.

1696，Considerations upon the Bill for the Relief of Poor Prisoners,:

What else could it all mean but that Mr. Robert Weymouth was an absconder—was about to fly with the bank’s remaining funds […]

除了羅伯特·韋茅斯先生是一名潛逃者之外，這一切還能意味著什麼——即將帶著銀行剩餘的資金逃走 […]

1909，O. Henry，“The Guardian of the Accolade”, in Roads of Destiny，Doubleday Page，頁 33:

Steve and I sneaked immediately, like beaten curs, like cowards, like absconders from justice.

史蒂夫和我立刻偷偷溜走，像被打敗的野狗，像膽小鬼，像逃避正義的潛逃者。

1910，Jack London，“That Spot”, in Lost Face，New York: Macmillan，頁 112:

He smiled at the view over the hedge, at the other front gardens, at the approaching Rover and then its driver, squinting in a rictus of his own against the evening sun, and making Paul feel again like an intruder, or now perhaps an absconder.

他微笑著看著樹籬上的景色，看著前面的另一個花園，看著駛來的荒原路華，然後是它的司機，在傍晚的陽光下瞇著眼睛，讓保羅再次感覺自己像一個入侵者，或者現在可能是個潛逃者。

2011，Alan Hollinghurst，The Stranger’s Child，Knopf Canada, Part Three, Chapter 1:


abseiling

He pictured the abseiling, literally a flight down the mountain on the doubled cord of his long rope, and he thought that those hours speeding down the cliffs would be the finest of his life.

Greenpeace offers its supporters the chance to fund brave and glamorous adventures (inflatables pitted against whalers; abseilings against smokestacks), and in exchange to wear something very like the medieval pilgrim's token: to put a rainbow sticker in their car windows.

Moderate ravines, with some drops requiring rope or prolonged swims, include Oscuros de Balce/s, Estrechos de Balce/s and Gorgoncho/n, all close to Bierge, while experts-only abysses above Rodellar include Gorgas Negras, Otin and Mascu/n Superior, all involving thirty-metre abseilings and strenuous clambering.

2004，Marc Dubin，The Rough Guide to the Pyrenees, →ISBN，頁 464:

Between that and the abseiling, I think I left enough skin behind on those rocks to cover an entire second person.

2013，Marie Brennan，A Natural History of Dragons: A Memoir by Lady Trent, →ISBN，頁 242:


absence

繼承自中古英語 absence，派生自古法語 absence、ausence，派生自拉丁語 absentia，源自absēnsabsum (“我不在；我走了”) 的現在主動分詞，源自 ab (“從；遠離”) + sum (“我是”)。


absinth

absinthe的另一種寫法; 苦艾酒


academe

借自新拉丁語 academia，派生自古希臘語 Ἀκαδημία (Akadēmía)；academy 的同源對似詞。Academe 是古雅典附近的花園或樹林的名稱，柏拉圖曾在此講學；據說以其前主人阿卡德摩斯（Ἀκάδημος／Ἑκάδημος，希臘神話中一位阿提卡英雄）命名。

academy

學會 （自16世紀晚期）

academia

學術生活、環境或社群 （自19世紀中期）

pedant

高等院校的高級教職員工；學究 （自20世紀中）

雅典一個花園的名稱。學者在此見面 （自16世紀晚期）

學會 （自16世紀晚期）

Navarre shall be the wonder of the world; / Our court shall be a little Academe,/ Still and contemplative in living art.

1603，William Shakespeare，Love's Labour's Lost:

學術生活、環境或社群 （自19世紀中期）

His father expected him to enter the government or a major corporation upon graduation from the university, but Noboru Wataya chose to remain in academe and become a scholar.

1997，Haruki Murakami，譯者 Jay Rubin, The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle，New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.; 再版 New York: Vintage Books, 1998, →ISBN，頁 74:

高等院校的高級教職員工；學究 （自20世紀中）


acanthus

(植物学) 刺花科(爵床科)。


accusative case

A. (abbreviation alternative)
acc. (alternative)
ACC (alternative)
accusative cases (plural)


achievement

借自中古法語 achevement，來自古法語 achevement。字面上等同於 achieve + -ment。


adenocarcinoma

adenocarcinomas (plural)
adenocarcinomata (plural)


abacate

借自葡萄牙語 abacate。avocado 的同源對似詞。


abacaxi

借自葡萄牙語 abacaxi (“菠蘿，鳳梨”)。


baklava

借自土耳其語 baklava，源自鄂圖曼土耳其語 باقلوا (baklava)（更多資訊請參見該詞）；可能源自中古蒙古語 ᠪᠠᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠ (baɣlag-a，“束，包”)。

巴拉瓦餅，巴克拉瓦，果仁蜜餅，蜜糖果仁千層酥


bufo

源自跨語言 Bufo marinus (Rhinella marina)，源自拉丁語 būfo (“蟾蜍”)。

(夏威夷俚語) 蟾蜍，蛙


hiragana

/ˌhɪ.ɹəˈɡæ.nə/

/ˌhɪ.ɹəˈɡɑː.nə/

平假名（日語音節文字系統）


hurra

hurrah的另一種寫法


pagode

pagod的另一種拼寫法

And the house wherein his Pagode or idol standeth, is covered with tiles of silver, and all the walls are gilded with gold.
他那神像或偶像所在的房屋，房瓦是用銀子做的，牆上都鍍了金子。

1583, Ralph Fitch, Voyage to Ormus, and so to Goa in the East India, in John Pinkerton (ed.), A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, 1811, https://books.google.ca/books?id=_GAOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false


pimenta

The pimenta trees grow spontaneously, and in great abundance, in many parts of Jamaica, but more particularly on hilly situations near the sea, on the northern side of that island[…]

在牙买加的许多地方，特别是在该岛北侧靠近大海的丘陵地区，自然生长着多香果树，而且数量非常之多 […]

1814，John Lunan，Hortus jamaicensis，頁 67:


solicitude

繼承自中古英語 solicitude，來自古法語 sollicitude，來自拉丁語 sollicitūdō，來自sollicitus，solicitus。


submeter

分錶，副錶（尤用於電錶）

Proponents say residential submeters encourage tenants to reduce their energy consumption by making households that never had to worry about electricity costs take financial responsibility for the power they use.

支持者表示，住宅分表可以让那些从来不用担心电费的家庭承担起自己用电的经济责任，从而鼓励住户减少能源消耗。

2009年February15日，Manny Fernandez，“State Freezes Plan to Have Tenants Pay Electric Bills”, in New York Times:


Tigre

借自提格雷語 ትግረ (təgrä)。


Virgo

黄道第六宫；室女宫；室女（星）座；处女座


Virgo

属室女座的人（约出生于8月23日至9月23日）


EVP

Executive vice president (“執行副總裁”)之首字母縮略詞。

Employee value proposition (“员工价值主张”)之首字母縮略詞。

With 95% of staff in Avanade's most recent employee engagement survey saying they would be happy to refer a friend to the company, Tomison believes his firm's EVP is already on the right tracks.

2015年February27日，“Courting the cream of the crop: how to attract the best talent to your company”, in The Guardian:

Electronic voice phenomenon (“電子語音現象”)之首字母縮略詞。

She is now one of the country's foremost EVP experts, having hosted over 400 consultations. Like all EVP practitioners, she usually hears faint, single words—never anything about where spirits are calling from, no guidance or warnings of any use other than proving life after death.

2005年January4日，“Shortcuts”, in The Guardian:


recommencer

Sir Frederic Morton Eden has defended the peace too well for the recommencers of hostile practices.

1803，The Annual Review and History of Literature，卷 1，頁 257:


dickhead

笨蛋，蠢货，蠢家伙（尤用于辱骂男性）


motherfucker

:mother + fucker。也写作 mothafucka、mother fucker 或 mother-fucker。

/ˈmʌðəˌfʌkə/

/ˈmʌðɚˌfʌkɚ/

音頻（美式，加利福尼亚）

十分激烈或难受的活动、事件。（常带贬义）

很亲的朋友或家属。哥们，兄弟。

与母亲发生乱伦关系的人。


aborigine

通常在指稱澳大利亞原住民時使用大寫（Aborigine）。此詞在今日被認為有冒犯性，應使用「Aboriginal person」或「indigenous Australian」較為合適。

一個國家、地區的原住民；原始人馬中的一員 （首次出現於19世紀）

一個地區的本地動植物群 （首次出現於17世紀）


sexual intercourse

The yogi hopes to gain the universal feminine of Shakti by giving up sexual intercourse; he offers up his phallus in celibacy.

1981，William Irwin Thompson，The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture，London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co.，頁 129:

Mosher et al (2005)，源自the NSFG for 2002, reported on the percentage of each age group who had experienced oral sex but not sexual intercourse.

2009，John Bancroft，Human Sexuality and Its Problems，頁 197:


bycatch

（渔业）误捕，混获，指捕捉到非目標之物種


autoionization

:autoionize + -ation。英式拼法作 autoionisation。

自解离，自偶解离。（原子或分子自发失去其壳层电子，从具电荷Z的态1变为具电荷Z+1的态2的过程。）（参考：IUPAC金皮书）


protologism

:構自古希腊语 πρῶτος (prôtos，“首個”) + λόγος (lógos，“詞”)。

/pɹəʊˈtɒləˌdʒɪzm/

首造詞，新生詞，尚未被廣泛使用的詞彙。


animus

:< 拉丁语 animus（心灵，魂）。与 anima 同源。


wanker

傻子，笨蛋，令人不快的人


wake-up call

（酒店等的）催醒电话，叫早电话

（让人意识到问题或不利处境的）惊醒警告


LEGO

:< 丹麦语 leg（玩） + godt（好）。


doppelganger

/ˈdɒp(ə)lˌɡɛŋə/

/ˈdɑp(ə)lˌɡɛŋəɹ/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-doppelganger.wav


abecedarium

（按字母顺序列的）字母表


abecedarius

首字符合字母表顺序的离合诗


Polak

Polack的另一種拼寫法


etude

:< (1837) 法語 étude（“學習”） < 拉丁語 studium（“精神、投入、學習”）。


usque

:usquebaugh 的简称 < 爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语 uisge beatha （“生命之水”）。 对比 whisky、(旧) whiskybae。


vanitas

静物绘画的一种，以死亡作为主旨，多见于16-17世纪的荷兰绘画作品。


festino

源自意大利語 festino。

“I am sure you must know about the festino that night, for it was all over the town in a moment.”


stock phrase

個人或群體經常或習慣性使用的短語

Bart Simpson's stock phrase "I didn't do it" was once lampooned on the show itself.

巴特·辛普森的口頭禪「不是我幹的」曾被節目組自己嘲笑過。

眾所周知而倍過度使用的短語


sweetheart

[ˈswiˌɾ(ʱ)ɑɹt̠̚]

（用作称呼语）亲爱的，宝贝儿

热情的人，热心的人，友善的人


superiority

优越感，盛气凌人，神气活现


supernumerary

:< 后期拉丁语 supernumerarius （“过多的，多余的”） < super （“在…之上”） + numerum —— numerus （“数”）的宾格形。


reliable

/ɹɪˈlaɪəbəl/


Unicode

於1988年作為建議草案而出現，“旨在提出一個獨特的、統一的、通用的編碼”。來自uni- + code。

來自不同語境的文字，通常以非標準的方式使用。有時被用作拉丁字母的反義詞。

Since most users on the site are westerners, we have banned Unicode in all text input boxes.

因為網站的大部分使用者來自西方，所以我們已禁止在所有文本輸入框內使用Unicode。


tri-V

能夠記錄或顯示三維視訊的系統。

能夠記錄或顯示三維視訊的系統。

No, the slightest imbalance there would have alarms flashing all over the room. Probably it was the fact that he knew the threedee was a little out of whack.

1969，Dave Van Arnam，Starmind，New York, N.Y.: Ballantine Books，頁 14:

A man Ellaby's own size was sitting there, viewing a 3D. When he heard Ellaby at the door he got up.

1955 January，Martin Lesser，“The Dictator”, in Imagination，卷 6, 號 1，頁 85:


century

/ˈsɛn.t͡ʃʊɹiː/


1620 的截斷形式。 （1620° 旋轉）


transvestite

這個字詞普遍視為冒犯，所以最好使用cross-dresser。


ethanal

IUPAC名稱，研究和工業中罕用。


Arsenal players protested about the free-kick awarded against Laurent Koscielny for a foul on Crouch but they failed to defend it properly, losing three 50-50s in their own box as the visitors restored parity.

2011年October23日，Jefferson Lake，“Arsenal 3 - 1 Stoke”, in BBC Sport:


sharecropper

由不同作者创作的以虚构世界为背景的小说，通常是经过许可出版的


Zorro

來自西班牙語 zorro (“狐狸”)。

I told her about the Z found etched in Hector Peña's blood and my theory that the killer may indeed picture himself or herself as some kind of avenger, a modern-day Zorro with a twist.

1999，Kate Calloway，6th sense: a Cassidy James mystery:

[…] he made himself visible at certain crucial and dramatic moments, like a kind of Zorro of the ecodefense movement.

2000，T Coraghessan Boyle，A Friend of the Earth:

You are a real Zorro. You ride in, rescue the fair damsel (Maartje), start massive fires and vanish — until the next perceived injustice.

2006，Bob Onan，Taming Storm Surges: When Ecology, Engineering And Faith Meet:


tomboy

假小子，有指個性野蠻、橫行的女孩子，意思同於男人婆


telepathy

Gerwin Schalk and Anthony Ritaccio, at the Albany Medical Center, are working under a multimillion-dollar grant from the U.S. military to design and develop devices that enable soldiers to communicate telepathically. Although this seems like something out of a science fiction story, the Pentagon believes that these so-called telepathy helmets are sufficiently feasible that it is devoting more than $6 million to the project. The target date for completion of the prototype device is 2017.

2013，Al Gore，The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change，New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 239:


oseltamivir

源自 oselt- (來源不明) + -amivir (“神經氨酸酶抑制劑”)。

奥司他韦（一种抗病毒药物）


Crete

源自古希臘語 Κρήτη (Krḗtē)。


PSTN

Public switched telephone network (“公共交換電話網路”)之首字母縮略詞。


society

起於1530年代；借自中古法語 societé，源自古法語 societé，源自拉丁語 societās, societātem (“聯盟，社群”)，源自socius (“聯合的，同盟的；夥伴，同伴，同盟”)，源自原始印歐語 *sokʷ-yo- (“同伴”)，源自原始印歐語 *sekʷ- (“跟隨”)。

This society has been known for centuries for its colorful clothing and tight-knit family structure.

几百年以来，这个社群以其色彩缤纷的服装和紧密的家庭关系而闻名。

It was then that they decided to found a society of didgeridoo-playing unicyclists.

那時他們決定建立一個吹迪吉里杜管的獨輪車社團。

The gap between Western and Eastern societies seems to be narrowing.

東西方社會間的隔閡似乎正在縮窄。

社會（區域、地方、國家人的總和）

Our global society develops in fits and starts.

我們全球社會的發展時斷時續。

Smith was first introduced into society at the Duchess of Grand Fenwick's annual rose garden party.

史密斯第一次被邀請參加上流社會每年在芬威克大公玫瑰花園的聚會。

若干人经相互同意而联合起来，为共同的目标进行商议、决定和行动。


tomcat

來自Tom + cat，因1760年佚名《The Life and Adventures of a Cat》普及開來，書中的公貓名爲Tom。


sorbet

冰糕, 雪葩, 雪芭, 雪寶


tanghulu

借自官話 糖葫蘆／糖葫芦。


sleigh

源自現代荷蘭語 slee，源自中古荷蘭語 slede，最终源自原始日耳曼語 *slidô。sled 的同源對似詞，與 slide 也有較遠的親緣關係。

雪橇 (對比較小的“sled”)

Santa travels in a sleigh.

In 1958, it was reported that for "the fourth year in succession, staff of four South London stations have combined to decorate the booking hall at Peckham Rye station". They installed a nativity scene, models of Father Christmas, and a sleigh driven by huskies, and Christmas trees were placed around the station.

1958年，有报道称“连续第四年，伦敦南部四座车站的工作人员联合起来装饰佩克汉姆黑麦车站的售票大厅”。他们在车站周围布置了耶稣诞生场景、圣诞老人模型和哈士奇拉的雪橇，还摆放了圣诞树。

2023年December27日，David Turner，“Silent lines...”, in RAIL，期 999，頁 29:


Chernobyl

借自俄語 Черно́быль (Černóbylʹ)。

/tʃɜːˈnɒbəl/

/tʃɜːˈnəʊbəl/

Many secret cities were Chernobyls in slow motion.

1994 August，“Nuclear chaos”, in Popular Science，卷 245, 期 2，頁 54:

The effects of a Chernobyl disaster in my community would probably be barely noticeable.

切尔诺贝利式的灾难对我的社区的影响可能几乎难以察觉。

1999年May6日，Terence Scully，“When cell phones kill our brain waves, we will worry less”, in The Record (Kitchener, Ont.):

So those would be a lot of Chernobyls that the ecosystem would have to deal with.

因此，生态系统必须应对许多类似切尔诺贝利事故的灾害。

2007年September7日，“Imagining a World Without Humans”, in NPR_TalkNation:

It has to be handled properly with great accuracy and no room for mistakes, because if we do have like a Chernobyl catastrophe, God forbid, it could wipe out our entire people.

必须非常准确、妥善地处理此事，不容有任何差错，因为如果我们真的遭遇像切尔诺贝利事故那样的灾难（但愿不会发生），它可能会消灭我们全体人民。

2010年March10日，Ben Garcia，“Many Kuwaitis yet to be convinced on nuke energy”, in Kuwait Times:


altruism

〈不可数〉利他，利他主义


workface

正在作業的地下礦井的暴露表面


teller

源自中古英語 tellere (“计时或计数的人；记述或讲述的人；出纳员”)，等同於tell (動詞) + -er。

cash machine

automated teller machine (“自動櫃員機”)之首字母縮略詞。


lorazepam

/lɔɹˈæz.əˌpæm/

勞拉西泮（苯二氮䓬類藥物，主要用於治療焦慮症）


looting

打劫、狩掠、搶劫或搶掠的行為

Looting rumors and fear of crime often exaggerated after natural disasters

搶掠的謠言和對犯罪的恐懼通常在發生自然災害之後被誇大


1980 的截斷形式。 （1980° 旋轉）


一個不在1到10的假想範圍內的數字
特殊標本， 一個身體上有吸引力的人

一個不在1到10的假想範圍內的數字 非常高的強度


1260 的截斷形式。 （1260° 旋轉）

集合名詞，警察或執法人員
參見：fuck 12


1800 的截斷形式。 （1800° 旋轉）


1440 的截斷形式。 （1440° 旋轉）


jack-o'-lantern

原為守夜人對此燈籠的稱呼（參見：Jack）。

jack-o-lantern (alternative)
jack o'lantern (alternative)
Jack O'Lantern (alternative)
jack-o'-lanterns (plural)

[newspaper speculations] supplying so many more jack-o'-lanterns to the future historian

:Template:RQ:Lowell My Study Window, My Garden Acquaintance


Ph.D.

借自新拉丁語 Ph.D.，Philosophiae Doctor (“哲學博士”) 的縮寫。

Ph. D. (alternative)
Ph.D (alternative)
PhD (alternative)
Ph.D's (plural)
Ph.D.'s (plural)
Ph.D.s (plural)

/ˈpiːˌeɪ̯t͡ʃˈdiː/

不能泛指所有的博士學位，還有許多其他的稱呼。

Ph.D’s will go to Kirk G. Rasmussen and Val Hicks.

柯克·拉斯穆森和瓦尔·希克斯将获授予哲学博士学位。

1971年May27日，“24 Local Students Among ‘U’ Graduates”, in The Daily Herald，98th year, 期 214, Provo, Utah，頁 6:

The shortage of holders of Ph.D’s in business school subjects has grown so severe in recent years that a panel was set up in 1980 by the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business to study the problem.[…]However, it has already led to modification of accrediting standards such as the suggested use of nonbusiness Ph.D’s with doctorates in psychology, mathematics and economics.[…]Still another question raised in the report centered on how to encourage more educational institutions to turn out more Ph.D.’s in business.[…]He suggests a national contest for undergraduates to encourage them to work for Ph.D.’s in accounting.

1982年August20日，“Business schools take action to alleviate teacher shortages”, in Southern Illinoisan，卷 90, 期 195, Carbondale, Ill.，頁 A-4:

獲得哲學博士學位程度的人

There are 12 Ph.D’s in the Concordia faculty of 62, according to Dr. P. A. Zimmerman, President, with others nearing the completion of doctorate requirements.

1961年February26日，“Doctorates Are Received by Six”, in Sunday Journal and Star，94th year, 期 9, Lincoln, Neb.，頁 3B:

The uncertainty of the job market has a new meaning for Ph.D’s these days: Prospects Highly Depressing.

如今，就业市场的不确定性对博士生来说有了新的含义：前景非常令人沮丧。

1971年January14日，“Ph.D’s Finding Job Prospects Depressing”, in The Pensacola News，Pensacola, Fla.:

He also directs a post-doctoral program in behavioral medicine in which Ph.D’s receive training for very special kinds of treatment.

1988年September1日，Cecilia Bush，“Flying high, firmly grounded”, in The Catholic Advance，卷 CXXII, 期 34, Wichita, Kan.，頁 1，列s 1–2:

Growing up the daughter of two Ph.D.s in geology, young Lucy Chronic was more likely to hear discussions of plate tectonics than the prospects of the local ball team's chance of winning the pennant.

2004，Lucy Chronic, Halka Chronic，Pages of Stone，第2nd版, The Mountaineers Books, →ISBN, end material: About the Authors，頁 174:


testicles

因為睪丸是成對的，所以常用複數形。


sunflower

向日葵屬（Helianthus）的植物
向日葵（Helianthus annuus），常用栽培品種，原產美洲

The flowers glowed red and golden: snapdragons and sunflowers, and nasturtians trailing all over the turf walls and peeping in at the round windows.

1954年July29日，J.R.R. Tolkien，“I: A Long-Expected Party”, in The Fellowship of the Ring (The Lord of the Rings; 1), →ISBN:

一種亮黃色，近似向日葵的花瓣。

sunflower：

水平放射狀的合成有機化合物，如暈苯


But when it's all said and done, I'll be forty / Before I know it with a 40 on the porch tellin' stories

2000，“Drug Ballad”, in The Marshall Mathers LP，演出者 Eminem:


ARP

absolute refractory period (“绝对不应期”)之首字母縮略詞。

The small white squares painted above the footboard at the ends of S.R. passenger coaches were a wartime addition to show that the lighting arrangements of vehicles so marked had been altered to conform to A.R.P. regulations.

1946 September and October，“The Why and The Wherefore: A.R.P. Coach Lighting Regulations”, in Railway Magazine，頁 325:


suppository

繼承自中古英語 suppositorie，來自盎格魯-諾曼語，來自中世紀拉丁語 suppositorium，來自晚期拉丁語，suppositorius (“放置下面”)的中性，來自拉丁語 supponere (“放置下面”)。

/səˈpɑzɪˌtɔɹi/


semblance

自古法語 sembler 的現在分詞 semblant 演變為 semblance，再演變為中古英語 semblaunce，再演變而來。

semblaunce (alternative)
semblances (plural)


dopamine

“The short-term, dopamine-driven feedback loops that we have created are destroying how society works: no civil discourse, no cooperation, misinformation, mistruth. And it’s not an American problem. This is not about Russian ads. This is a global problem.”

2017年December12日，Amy B Wang，“Former Facebook VP says social media is destroying society with ‘dopamine-driven feedback loops’”, in Washington Post:


syndicate

來自法語 syndicat (“辛迪加辦公室；辛迪加委員會；工會”)，來自syndic (“辛迪加；代表；日內瓦首席行政官”) + -at (“表示行動或行動結果的後綴”)，來自中世紀拉丁語 *syndicatus，來自syndicus (“公司或城鎮的代表；辛迪加”) (來自古希臘語 σύνδικος (súndikos，“被告辯護人”)，來自σύν (sún，“旁邊；和”) + δίκη (díkē，“審判；正義”)) + -ātus (“從名詞組成形容詞的後綴，表示擁有某種東西或某種品質”)。
對照意大利語 sindacato (“辛迪加；工會；審計，控制，監督”)、奧克語 sendegat、葡萄牙語 sindicato (“工會”)、西班牙語 sindicado、sindicato (“辛迪加辦公室；辛迪加；工會”)。

音頻 (名詞) (澳洲)

a gambling syndicate

The worst deed ever alleged against the early sandalwood traders was that a number of natives were suffocated in a cave at Vaté, in the New Hebrides, by the smoke from a fire built at its mouth. But this was done by order of Maafu, who, on behalf of an Australian syndicate of highly-respectable merchants and church-members, was "bossing" an expedition in search of sandalwood through the New Hebrides.

1886，Julian Thomas，“Maafu, Prince of Tonga”, in Cannibals & Convicts: Notes of Personal Experiences in the Western Pacific，London, New York, N.Y.: Cassel & Company, Limited, →OCLC，頁 24:

Held at the estate of Mafia boss Joseph Barbara in Apalachin, NY, the meeting called by [Vito] Genovese in November 1957 brought over 100 mobsters from around the country to cement his power over the national crime syndicate.

1999，John Madinger，“Case Development”, in Confidential Informant: Law Enforcement’s Most Valuable Tool，Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN，頁 178:

a gambling syndicate

In the mid-1880s, Charles W[addell] Chesnutt broke into print inauspiciously as one member of the stable of writers who supplied humorous sketches and mildly sentimental or didactic squibs for S[amuel] S[idney] McClure's newspaper syndicate.

1980，Wiliam L. Andrews，“The Apprentice Years: Experiments and Decisions”, in The Literary Career of Charles W. Chesnutt，Baton Rouge, La., London: Louisiana State University Press, →ISBN，頁 17:

辛迪加辦公室或管轄區；辛迪加的機構或理事會

The ſoveraintie lies in the Council of 200, and this Council chuſes out of its number 25, who are the leſſer Council; […] they are choſen by a ſort of ballet, ſo that it is not known for whom they give their votes, which is an effectual method to ſuppreſs factions and reſentments; ſince in a competition no man can know who voted for him or againſt him: yet the election is not ſo carried, but that the whole Town is in an intrigue concerning it: for ſince the being of the little Council leads one to the Sindicat, which is the chieffe honor of the State: this dignitie is courted here, with as active and ſolicitous an ambition as appears elſewhere for greater matters.

1686，G[ilbert] Burnet，Some Letters Containing, an Account of What Seemed Most Remarkable in Switzerland, Italy, &c. Written by G. Burnett, D.D. to T[he] H[onourable] R[obert] B[oyle]，Rotterdam: Printed by Abraham Acher, bookseller by the Exchange, →OCLC，頁s 10–11:

The executive government of the University [of Madras] shall be vested in a syndicate, consisting of the Vice-Chancellor and six of the fellows, who shall be elected for one year by the several faculties, at the annual meetng of the senate, […]

1859，[India Office、Government of the United Kingdom]，“Copy of Correspondence with the Indian Government, Showing the Progress of the Measures Adopted for Carrying Out the Education Despatch of the 19th Day of July 1854. [Bye-laws for the Government of the University of Madras.]”, in Accounts and Papers: Twenty-one Volumes. … Session 2, 31 May – 13 August 1859，卷 10 (East India (Education)), part II (Madras); volume XXIV, part II, [London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office], →OCLC，頁 367:


Eve

(密码学) 举案例时，为偷听一方所设的常用名。


armpit

來自中古英語 armpitt、arme-pitt、armput，等同於arm + pit。
(令人不快的事物)：大概是指胳肢窩下的體味。

令人不快或不受歡迎的地方或東西

the armpit of America


firefox

仿譯自官話 火狐 (huǒhú)。


firefox

芬蘭民間傳說的一種神獸，毛色如火或光芒四射的狐狸，傳說北極光就是牠反射造成的


workaholic

All workaholics should move to Hong Kong, where working hours average over 50 per week.

所有工作狂都应该搬到香港去，那里每周平均工作时间超过50小时。

We're not looking to become workaholics who don't know how to rest or vacation, or who never hang it up long enough to go to a movie.

我们不想成为不知道如何休息或度假，或者从来不花时间去看电影的工作狂。

2016，JoAnneh Nagler，How to be an artist without losing your mind, your shirt, or your creative compass, →ISBN，頁 80:


shrine

寺廟, 神社, 聖地, 聖堂


FAQ

This site's FAQ says you should log in to access some pages.

該站點的常見問題解答說您應該登錄以訪問某些頁面。


nation-building

Although uniquely favored by relatively viable political institutions, India yet shares this uncertainty with a large number of countries for which independence is but a first step on the road to nation-building.

1977, Reinhard Bendix, Nation-building and Citizenship: Studies of Our Changing Social Order, Univ of California Press (ISBN 9780520027619), page 357:


autosome

源自 auto- + -some，源自古希臘語 σῶμα (sôma，“身體”)。

Autosoma (or autosome), the usual or non-aberrant chromosomes, called by me previously ordinary chromosomes.

1906年January5日，Thos. H. Montgomery，“The terminology of aberrant chromosomes and their behavivor in certain Hemiptera”, in Science，卷 23, 期 575，頁 36:

It is apparently formed by the arms of the loops becoming twisted around each other, and, as in the Acrididae, each of these arms no doubt represents a univalent autosome.

1908，Herbert Spencer Davis，Spermatogenesis in Acrididae and Locustidae:


HIV

human immunodeficiency virus (“人類免疫缺陷病毒”)之首字母縮略詞。 （自1986年）

header isolation valve (“集管隔离阀”)之首字母縮略詞。

helium isolation valve (“氦气隔离阀”)之首字母縮略詞。

hydraulic isolation valve (“液压隔离阀”)之首字母縮略詞。