yoga

借自查莫羅語 yoga。

A mealybug, Pseudococcus nr. microadonidum Beardsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) has been found feeding on the foliage of E. joga. This mealybug was sometimes found in the domatia of yoga leaves. It has been recorded on coconut, banana, and pandanus from Kiribati, Pohnpei, and Marshall Islands. This insect is a new record on yoga and for Guam.

2002，“Pests of Elaeocarpus joga in Guam”, in Micronesica，卷 34, 期 2，頁 109:


yuletide

Yuletide (“聖誕季節”)的大小寫替代形式


yummy

The Yummies were the women who, next to the Starlets and Professional Have-It-Alls, Meredith envied most, and therefore half-despised. You could see them at the latte bars, drinking green tea smoothies, hoisting their fat-cheeked offspring from one hip to the other, comparing notes on washable diapers and baby-friendly resorts.


zeitgeist

* 来自德语Zeitgeist（time-spirit），相当于tide + ghost


zloty

派生自波蘭語 złoty。

zloty (plural)
zlotys (plural)
zlote (plural)
zlotych (plural)
zloties (plural)

茲羅提，波蘭的貨幣。1 茲羅提等於 100 格羅茨。


wahoo

來自克里克語 uhawhu。


wahoo

來自達科他語詞彙，其第一詞素與拉科塔語 waŋ (“箭”)同源。


xylidine

二甲苯胺，二甲基苯胺，氨基二甲苯


xian

源自漢語 縣／县 (xiàn)的漢語拼音。

county

縣，中國的地方行政單位。

縣，中國的地方行政單位。


xian

Xian的首字母小寫形。

(有時帶冒犯性或貶義) Xian的另一種寫法: 基督徒


walrus

:出自丹麦语 hval-ros 或古诺尔斯语 hross-hvalr ("马-鲸")。
北欧古人称其为马鲸鱼。英语中也曾用海马(sea horse)称呼过这种动物。

walruses (plural)
walrus (plural)
walrusses (plural)


warmonger

/ˈwɔː.mʌŋ.ɡə(ɹ)/


wildlifer

强烈呼吁保护野生动植物的人


wartime

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-wartime.wav

But, she says, a wartime ban on recordings using shellac and vinyl kept the Walker version from being released.

然而，她指出，由于战时对虫胶和乙烯基唱片录制材料的禁令，沃克（Walker）的版本最终未能发行。

2002年April29日，Norman Pearlstine，“A Month Of Mondays If that doesn't give you the blues, nothing will. Norman Pearlstine ranks his favorite versions of the classic "Stormy Monday Blues"--one for every doggone working day of the month.”, in CNN Money:

Significant rail projects have been mothballed before in the face of changed circumstances - in particular, the LNER Woodhead project which was postponed due to wartime conditions and not revived until 1948, as money became available after nationalisation.

历史上，重大铁路项目因形势变化而遭搁置的情况并不鲜见——尤其是伦敦及东北铁路公司（LNER）的伍德海德（Woodhead）隧道工程，该项目曾受战时条件影响而延期，直至1948年国有化后资金到位才得以重启。

2020年December2日，Industry Insider，“The costs on cutting carbon”, in Rail，頁 76:


whippersnapper

/ˈʍɪpəɹˌsnæpəɹ/


waterproof

源自water + -proof。對照西弗里斯蘭語 wetterproef (“waterproof”)，荷蘭語 waterproef (“waterproof”)。


waters

海域；水域（water 的複數）


wok

來自粵語 鑊／镬 (wok6)。

The 'wok' is an efficient, all-purpose metal cooking vessel used by every housewife in China. It has two handles and is shaped like a shallow cone.

鑊是每個中國主婦都會使用的金屬製廚具，它既高效，同時又具有多種功能。鑊有兩個柄，形狀像一個淺圓錐。

1977，Marguerite Fawdry，Chinese Childhood, →ISBN，頁 86:


web

源自中古英語 webbe，源自古英語 webb，源自原始日耳曼語 *wabją，源自原始印歐語 *webʰ- (“編織”)。


wedgie

恶作剧：把别人的内裤用力往上提，使其夹在股沟中。


woodchuck

源自克里語 ocêk, otchek (“漁夫”)，源自奧吉布瓦語 ojiig (“漁夫”)，或類似的阿爾岡昆語族語言，其後應用在土撥鼠。
早期寫作woodshock，現在有時仍用於指貂。

groundhog

美洲旱獺，北美土撥鼠（Marmota monax）

whistle pig

美洲旱獺，北美土撥鼠（Marmota monax）

land-beaver

美洲旱獺，北美土撥鼠（Marmota monax）

moonack

美洲旱獺，北美土撥鼠（Marmota monax）

美洲旱獺，北美土撥鼠（Marmota monax）


weekly

源自中古英語 wekely、weikly (副詞)，等同於week + -ly。對比荷蘭語 wekelijks、德語 wöchentlich、丹麥語 ugentlig、挪威語 ukentlig、冰島語 vikulega、瑞典語 veckovis。


wop

借自那不勒斯語 guappo (“夥計；男人”)，借自西班牙語 guapo (“大膽的；英俊的”，問候語)。


wen

來自中古英語 wen、wenne，來自古英語 wenn、wænn (“粉瘤”)，來自原始日耳曼語 *wanjaz。與荷蘭語 wen (“甲狀腺腫”)、低地德語 Ween (“粉瘤”)、方言德語 Wenne (“粉瘤”)、丹麥語 van、væne同源。

When I have met an immigrant tottering under a bundle which contained his all--looking like an enormous wen which had grown out of the nape of his neck--I have pitied him, not because that was his all, but because he had all that to carry.

1854, Henry David Thoreau, Walden, Walden:

Creeps, foreigners with tinted, oily skin, wens, sties, cysts, wheezes, bad teeth, limps, staring or—worse—with Strange Faraway Smiles.

1973, Thomas Pynchon, Gravity's Rainbow:

I am debating whether to risk scratching the right side of my jaw, where there is a wen.

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest, Abacus 2013, p. 4:


wen

盧恩字母，後被 w 取代


wen

when的視覺方言拼法。


werewolf

來自中古英語 werwolf，來自古英語 werwulf，來自原始西日耳曼語 *werawulf，來自原始西日耳曼語 *wer (“人”) + *wulf (“狼”)。與wer + wolf或were- + wolf相同意義。與荷蘭語 weerwolf，低地德語 Warwulf，德語 Werwolf，丹麥語 varulv，瑞典語 varulv同源，還可能與芬蘭語 vironsusi有關。
對照法語 garou，在loup-garou，法國方言gairou，varou (“狼人”)，中世紀拉丁語 gerulphus，garulphus (“狼人”) (來自日耳曼語族)。

werwolf (alternative)
were-wolf (alternative)
were wolf (alternative)
wehrwolf (alternative)
warwolf (alternative)
werewolves (plural)

wolfman

一個人在滿月時會變身像狼的人類般的生物，狼人。

lycanthrope

一個人在滿月時會變身像狼的人類般的生物，狼人。

man-wolf

一個人在滿月時會變身像狼的人類般的生物，狼人。

一個人在滿月時會變身像狼的人類般的生物，狼人。


wetness

繼承自中古英語 wetnes, wetnesse，來自古英語 wǣtnes。字面上等同於 wet + -ness。


whatnot

etagere (“放古董的架子”)之同義詞


wretchedness

She saw only that he was quiet and unobtrusive, and she liked him for it. He did not disturb the wretchedness of her mind by ill-timed conversation.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

1811, Jane Austen, Sense and Sensibility, chapter 3


wrongdoer

Get and keep wrongdoers out of your thorp (village).


whereabouts

/ˌʍɛəɹəˈbaʊts/

/ˌwɛəɹəˈbaʊts/

/ˈʍɛəɹəˌbaʊts/

/ˈwɛəɹəˌbaʊts/


valencia

可能源自法语 Valence。

一种西装背心所用的织物，纬线是羊毛，经纱是丝绸或棉花。


validation

確認；驗證 [電子計算機]


verkrampte

（南非）政治上保守的人。


vermouth

借自法語 vermout、vermouth，來字德語 Wermut (“蒿”)。wormwood 的同源對似詞。

He gazed around until on the lid of a spinet he spotted a promising collection of bottles, gin, whiskey, vermouth and sherry, mixed with violin bows, a flute, a toppling pile of books, six volumes of Grove's Dictionary mingled with paperback thrillers, a guitar without any strings, a pair of binoculars, a meerschaum pipe and a jar half-full of wasps and apricot jam.

1956，Delano Ames，章號 14, in Crime out of Mind:

Vermouth originated in the 18th century, when wine growers in the foothills of the French and Italian Alps developed a method of enhancing the taste of sour or uncompromising wines with the infusion of a variety of sweeteners, spices, herbs, roots, seeds, flowers, and peel.

2014，Ray Foley，Bartending For Dummies，John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN，頁 116:


vancomycin

源自 vanquish + -o- + -mycin (“由链霉菌菌株产生的抗生素”)。

Vancomycin was given intravenously in doses of 0.5 gm. at 6-hour intervals for periods of up to 4 weeks to 9 patients, all of whom had staphylococcal infections.

9名患者均患有葡萄球菌感染，以0.5克的剂量每隔6小时静脉注射万古霉素，疗程最长为4周。

1956，J. Geraci，“Some Laboratory and Clinical Experiences with a New Antibiotic, Vancomycin”, in Proc. Staff, Meetings Mayo Clinic，卷 31, 期 21，頁 564:


vandalism

借自法語 vandalisme，等同於vandal + -ism。最早由亨利·格雷瓜尔用來譴責法國大革命期間對藝術品的掠奪與破壞，指的是455年洗劫羅馬的汪达尔人。

As we turned down the street I was appalled by the vandalism: spray paint and smashed windows that were everywhere.

Bradford once boasted two stations with overall roofs. The pair were swept away in the 1970s in an act of corporate and civic vandalism.

2022年November2日，Paul Bigland，“New trains, old trains, and splendid scenery”, in RAIL，期 969，頁 57:


verst

借自俄語 верста́ (verstá)，部分經由德語 Werst、法語 verste。

versta (alternative)
verste (alternative)
werst (alternative)
versts (plural)

|The hill Pulkowa, twelve miles (seventeen wersts) south of Admiralty Palace in St. Petersburg, […]

1849, "The Observatory at Pulkowa" The North American Review Volume 0069 Issue 144 (July 1849):

‘Is it much further, Michael?’ she asked the clerk, to dispel the thoughts that frightened her. ‘They say it's seven versts from this village.’

1918，Aylmer and Louise Maude，譯者 Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina，Oxford, 出版於 1998，頁 604:

You have to tramp three or four versts to get to the exhibition of war loot, past Fabergé eggs and the Impressionists.


vaseline

由美國的化學家Robert Augustus Chesebrough在1872造出，來自德語 Wasser (“水”) + 古希臘語 ἔλαιον (élaion，“油”) + -ine。

Hearts of putty, hearts of vaseline...

任何特殊種類的凡士林或任何類似的潤滑劑

A Russian vaseline has been lately added to the many kinds of vaseline found in […]

1882，Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry:


vibration

借自法語 vibration，源自拉丁語 vibrātiō (“搖動；揮動”)，源自 vibrō (“搖動；揮動”)；參見 vibrate。
字面上等同於 vibrate + -ion。


vice president

vice-president (alternative)
vice presidents (plural)

第二順位的職務總稱，例如：副總裁、副校長


video

:< 拉丁语 videō（看见）。


viewport

acrylic plastic viewports in pressure vessels for human occupancy

Dragging the scroll-bar changes which part of the picture is visible within the viewport.

拖动滚动条可以改变视口内图片的可见部分。


vigil

源自中古英語 vigile (“虔誠的注視”)，源自古法語 vigile，源自拉丁語 vigilia (“守望；覺醒”)，源自vigil (“醒著的，清醒的”)，源自原始印歐語 *weǵ- (“強壯；活潑，清醒”)。參見來自相同詞根的 wake。
與 vigor 有關，關係更遠的還有 vis、vital，它們均源自相似的原始印歐語詞根，意為“活潑的，有生機的；能量，生命”，經由拉丁語借入。

守夜，值夜（尤指守望或禱告）

I saw her head drooped upon her hand; her whole attitude expressing that profound depression, whose lonely vigil wastes the midnight in a gloomy watch, which yet hopes for nothing at its close.

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XII, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 149:

Eventually the body trade grew so reckless that relatives took to holding graveside vigils, lest their loved ones disappear in the night.

2016，Colson Whitehead，The Underground Railroad，Fleet (2017)，頁 165:

His dog kept vigil outside the hospital for eight days while he was recovering from an accident.

在他从遭遇事故中到痊愈期间，他的狗在医院外守了八天。

The protesters kept vigil outside the conference centre in which the party congress was being held.

抗议者在召开党代会的会议中心外安静地示威。


virginium

Virginia + -ium（以美國維吉尼亞州命名），於1930年由 Fred Allison 發現，之後他所聲稱的發現說法被推翻。

Because he had found six minima for every salt of virginium—VaCl, VaNO3, Va2SO4, and VaOH—he asserted that virginium consisted of a mixture of six stable isotopes. Allison also found virginium present in other minerals […]

2014, Marco Fontani, Mariagrazia Costa, Mary Virginia Orna, The Lost Elements: The Periodic Table's Shadow Side (page 328)


voyeurism

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-voyeurism.wav


vulgus

拉丁文或希蠟文的作詩課題集


unfairness

The reason why fairness in taxation matters is institutionalized unfairness rots society from the inside, and the social order and economy eventually collapse.

2024年January28日，Charles Hugh Smith，Our Tax System Is an Unfair Mess: Here's How to Fix It:


ulster

源自此种大衣制造商的名字，北爱尔兰贝尔法斯特阿尔斯特大衣公司（Ulster Overcoat Company of Belfast, Northern Ireland）。

（男装）阿尔斯特宽大衣，一种以羊毛或其他粗料制成的大衣，这种大衣长而宽松，常被称为 greatcoat。有时会有一个附加的披肩，盖住背部和袖子。


username

同類詞：password


usurpation

來自中古英語 usurpacioun，來自古法語 usurpacion，來自拉丁語 ūsurpātiō。


utopia

來自新拉丁語 Ūtopia，名字由托马斯·摩尔1516年的同名著作而來。為古希臘語 οὐ (ou，“不，無”) + τόπος (tópos，“地方，地區”) + -ία (-ía)的新創詞。對照英語 topos和-ia。

As everyone knows, almost all booked passenger and freight trains are diagrammed into rosters for engines and men, and in an operating Utopia everything would work out daily according to plan.

1962 August，G. Freeman Allen，“Traffic control on the Great Northern Line”, in Modern Railways，頁 131:

As towns continue to grow, replanting vegetation has become a form of urban utopia and green roofs are spreading fast. Last year 1m square metres of plant-covered roofing was built in France, as much as in the US, and 10 times more than in Germany, the pioneer in this field.

2013年May10日，Audrey Garric，“Urban canopies let nature bloom”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 188, 期 22，頁 30:


underarm

(人體)手臂底下和肋骨上方交接的地方


unacceptable

来自中古英語 unacceptabylle，等价于un- + acceptable。

Second, the data collected using CASEMAP afford us the opportunity to conduct market segmentation analyses based on the similarity in the pattern of unacceptables and/or the benefits that consumers seek in the category.
其次，使用CASEMAP收集的資料使我們有機會根據無法接受事物的模式的相似性和/或消費者在該類別中尋求的利益進行市場細分分析。

1989, Walter A. Henry, Michael Menasco, Hirokazu Takada, New-product Development and Testing (p. 106)


undernourishment

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-undernourishment.wav


fecula

派生自拉丁語 faecula。


unbecoming

來自un- + becoming。對照中古英語 unbicomelich (“不適當”)。

/ˌʌnbɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

By tracing the turns from U.S. to Japan to China, we can see that becoming American, the classic ethnic American narrative, itself opens to further becomings and unbecomings and rebecomings that address mobility and ethnicization […]


flagellate

詞源樹
拉丁語 flagellum
拉丁語 -ō
拉丁語 flagellō
拉丁語 -tus
拉丁語 flagellātuslbor.
英語 flagellate
古典借詞，源自拉丁語 flagellō (“鞭打，捶打”) 及其分詞 flagellātus。


feed

繼承自中古英語 fede、fed，源自詞源1。

同類詞：fodder

They sell feed, riding helmets, and everything else for horses.

他们出售饲料、马用头盔和其他马用物品。

a satellite feed

同類詞：feeder、feedbin、hopper

the paper feed of a printer

同類詞：speed、speeds and feeds

One proposed going to Hungerford-market to do a feed on decayed shrimps or other offal laying about the market; another proposed going to Covent-garden to do a 'tightener' of rotten oranges, to which I was humorously invited; […]

184?, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor

"There won't be any more blessed concerts for a million years or so; there won't be any Royal Academy of Arts, and no nice little feeds at restaurants."

1898，H.G. Wells，The War of the Worlds，London: William Heinemann，頁 257:

They held a crab feed on the beach.

他们在海滩上举行了螃蟹盛宴。

I've subscribed to the feeds of my favourite blogs, so I can find out when new posts are added without having to visit those sites.

我已经订阅了我最喜欢的博客的提要，这样我就可以知道何时添加了新帖子，而无需访问这些网站。

Refresh the top of your various “feeds” — the running column of content on some versions of Facebook, Twitter and Instagram — and you will see the latest news at the top. The further back you scroll, the older the material gets.

2016年March15日，Mike Isaac，“Instagram May Change Your Feed, Personalizing It With an Algorithm”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Despite spending years studying these toxic dynamics and the better part of a month watching them up close in strangers’ feeds, I was still, like so many, surprised to see it all reflected at the ballot box. We shouldn’t have been surprised; our divisions have been in front of our faces and inside our feeds this whole time.

2020年November24日，Charlie Warzel，“What Facebook Fed the Baby Boomers”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


flamethrower

flame thrower (alternative)
flame-thrower (alternative)
flamethrowers (plural)

/ˈfleɪmˌθɹəʊ.ə/


foeticide

foetus + -cide 或 foetus + -icide；參見feticide。

feticide的另一種寫法（杀害胎儿、堕胎） （自19世紀）


filibeg

一种男用短裙（philibeg的另一种写法）。


fairness

Some questioned the fairness of the new laws.


faker

在軍事演習中充當敵方單位的友方單位。

faker: A friendly track acting as a hostile for exercise purposes. (STANAG 1241)

2011, APP-6C: NATO Joint Military Symbology (page 555)


filtering

過濾出來的東西；通過了過濾器的東西

the filterings from the subsoils

Waking up in Langogne in a dim dawn, I felt in a strange sort of way more at home than I'd been for a long time in my own sadly altered version of home, even a year on from her death – especially in the first filterings of daylight […]

2006，Christopher Rush，To Travel Hopefully，頁 146:


universal

來自中古英語 universal，來自古法語 universal（現代法語 universel），來自拉丁語 ūniversālis。

特定事物的共同特徵或特性。

When we examine common words, we find that, broadly speaking, proper names stand for particulars, while other substantives, adjectives, prepositions, and verbs stand for universals.

1912，Bertrand Russel，The Problems of Philosophy, Chapter 9:

We might also distinguish those expressions which are used to refer to individuals or particulars from those which are used to refer to what philosophers have called universals: e.g., to distinguish such expressions as "Everest" and "this chair" from "the number three", "the color red" and "drunkenness".


frenulum

借自新拉丁語 frēnulum。


follower

/ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/

It is better to be a good follower than to be a bad leader.


falsetto

借自意大利語 falsetto，源自falso (“虛假的”)。

/fɔɫˈsɛɾ.oʊ/


feoffer

feofor (alternative)
feoffor (alternative)
feoffers (plural)


fireclay

On the descent the line is often in cuttings; some are high, such as at Scarcroft, where a cut through firestone and fireclay was necessary, and near Bardsey, where the line threads a deep tree-lined gorge.

1961 February，D. Bertram，“The lines to Wetherby and their traffic”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 101:


firefighter

fire + fighter。作為 fireman 和 firewoman的性別中性詞彙。


firefly

Fireflies are the best-known insects that produce light. […] Many fireflies use their light to communicate, particularly at mating time when males and females have to get together.

2000, Exploring Life Science, 2: Bats—Cave Life, Marshall Cavendish, page 96,

The luciferins are different in different species and today both the luciferin and luciferase in the firefly are available in the crystalline form.

2004，B. V. David, T. N. Ananthakrishnan，“Chapter 20: Bioluminescence”, in General and Applied Entomology，第2nd版, Tata McGraw-Hill，頁 130:

Various other luciferase genes, especially the firefly luciferase gene, are also used for the study of gene regulation.[…]The classic use of bioluminescence, however, is the use of a luciferin-luciferase mixture from fireflies as an assay for ATP.

2007，Lars Olof Björn, Helen Ghiradella，“23: Bioluminescence”, in Photobiology: The Science of Life and Light，第2nd版, Springer，頁 607:


firelight

He sat on by the cheerful firelight thrown from a bundle of green ash-sticks laid across the dogs; the sticks snapped pleasantly, and hissed out bubbles of sap from their ends.

他坐在壁爐的旁邊，在壁爐裏薪架上，燃燒着一堆綠色的桦樹枝，上面閃耀着歡樂的火苗；樹枝燒得劈劈啪啪地直響，樹枝的端頭燒得冒出了白沫。

1891，Thomas Hardy，章號 XXXI, in Tess of the d'Urbervilles:


unobtainable

On the whole they are at present fairly cheap, and are not overburdened with long priced stamps, and still fewer unobtainables.

1896，The American Journal of Philately，卷 9，頁 294:

Refusals, or unobtainables, are difficult to predict, but seem to be affected by the nature of the respondent, the sponsorship of the study, and the nature of the questions. Some refusals are definite and final […]

1975，Gerald Zaltman, Philip Burger，Marketing research: fundamentals and dynamics，頁 293:


firework

烟火；烟花。一种装有火药和其他化学品的装置，点燃时会爆炸并发出五彩缤纷的火焰和类似口哨的声音。有时会在爆炸前发射到空中，用于娱乐或庆祝活动。


forecaster

Students will be surprised to see the weather forecaster is not really standing in front of the maps. These are keyed in electronically; the forecaster stands in front of a green/blue screen.

学生们会惊讶地发现，天气预报员并不是真的站在地图前。这些都是电子输入的；预报员实际上站在绿色/蓝色屏幕前。

1995，Keith Kyker，Christopher Curchy，Video projects for elementary and middle schools，頁 79:


first name

Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16.[…]Children address teachers by their first names. Even 15-year-olds do no more than 30 minutes' homework a night.

2013年July19日，Peter Wilby，“Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 6，頁 30:


forefinger

/ˈfɔːˌfɪŋ.ɡə/

/ˈfɔɹˌfɪŋ.ɡɚ/

He touched me on the arm with his forefinger twice or thrice giving a ghastly nod each time:- […]


farrago

借自拉丁語 farrāgō，來自far。farro 的同源對似詞。


fishtail

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fishtail.wav


fatherhood

/ˈfɑ.ðɚˌhʊd/

/ˈfɑːðəˌhʊd/


flowcharting

流程圖製作，流程圖繪製，流程圖表示


flowerpot

Three chairs of the steamer type, all maimed, comprised the furniture of this roof-garden, with (by way of local colour) on one of the copings a row of four red clay flower-pots filled with sun-baked dust from which gnarled and rusty stalks thrust themselves up like withered elfin limbs.

1914，Louis Joseph Vance，“Anarchy”, in Nobody，New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, 出版於 1915, →OCLC，頁 33:


formalin

If you failed to bathe it in the formalin solution every time, its flesh might cross the precipitous border into decay.

2023，V. V. Ganeshananthan，Brotherless Night，Viking，頁 20:


fauvism

Paris had been the birthplace of the Modernist sensibility during the latter half of the previous century, when its cafés, studios and tolerant atmosphere helped nurture the symbolist school in poetry and impressionism in painting. By the start of the First World War, it had sheltered fauvism, cubism, expressionism, vorticism, and a host of other splinter movements through which the emerging culture gradually took shape.

上世纪下半叶，巴黎曾是现代主义思潮的发源地，其咖啡馆、工作室和包容的氛围孕育了诗歌中的象征主义流派和绘画中的印象派。到第一次世界大战爆发时，巴黎庇护了野兽派、立体主义、表现主义、漩涡主义以及许多其他分支艺术运动，新兴文化正是借此逐渐成型。

1999，Daniel J. Singal，William Faulkner: The Making of a Modernist，Univ of North Carolina Press, →ISBN，頁 71:


fluoride

/ˈflʊəˌɹaɪd/

/ˈflɔːˌɹaɪd/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fluoride.wav

However, too much fluoride produces a mottling effect on teeth. Large doses of fluoride are actually toxic.

然而，氟化物过多会导致牙齿变色。大剂量的氟化物实际上是有毒的。

2000，Lawrie Ryan，Advanced Chemistry for You，Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes, →ISBN，頁 54:


fluorination

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fluorination.wav


furry

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-furry.wav

fursona

擬人化動物，常稱呼為獸、獸人。

擬人化動物，常稱呼為獸、獸人。

What percentage of furries are wolves?

The furry had designed an elaborate costume.

那名獸迷精心設計了一套服裝。

扮演成獸人角色，或自認有獸人身分的人。（對比therianthrope）


fortune-teller

fortune teller (alternative)
fortuneteller (alternative)
fortune-tellers (plural)

"Cross my palm with silver and I'll tell you your fortune," said the fortune-teller.

“用銀子劃過我的手掌，我就能算出你的命運。”算命家說道。

The usual exchange between English children is as follows: A: Who do you love? (referring to one of the names on the fortune-teller) B: Simon. A: S-I-M-O-N (alternately opens and shuts the device as he or she says each letter).

2006，Andrew Wright, David Betteridge, Michael Buckby，Games for Language Learning，頁 137:


fustian

Fustian, of which I found only one entry before 1401, occurs frequently in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It appears to have been a ribbed cloth. […] On one occasion (1443) it is described as 'white ribbed fustian.'

1882，James E[dwin] Thorold Rogers，“On the Price of Textile Fabrics and Clothing”, in A History of Agriculture and Prices in England […]，卷s IV (1401–1582), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC，頁 568:

His fustian shirt, sanguineflowered, trembles its Spanish tassels at his secrets

(Can we date this quote?)，James Joyce，Ulysses:

Nothing that belongs to Homer seems to have been more commonly mistaken than the just pitch of his style, some of his translators having swelled into fustian in a proud confidence of the sublime, others sunk into flatness in a cold and timorous notion of simplicity.

(Can we date this quote?)，Alexander Pope，“Translator's Preface”, in Iliad:


flywheel

As on Nos. 20001-3, the motor and generator armature shafts of the new locomotive each carry a heavy flywheel to provide kinetic energy and help maintain the speed of the motor-generator set during interruptions of supply, as at breaks in the continuity of the conductor rail.

1959 March，“The 2,500 h.p. electric locomotives for the Kent Coast electrification”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 123:


frambesia

古典借詞，源自新拉丁語 frambēsia。 bramberry和framboise 的同源對似詞。


gravestone

繼承自中古英語 graveston、gravestone、gravestan，等價於 grave + stone。

The value of gravestone inscriptions for ancestral research has long been recognised. The discovery of a single gravestone may provide more information on the history of a family than could be gleaned from […]

墓碑铭文在祖先研究中的价值早已得到认可。一块墓碑的发现，或许能提供比从 […] 中收集到的更多家族历史信息。

2005，William J. Roulston，Researching Scots-Irish Ancestors: The Essential Genealogical Guide to Early Modern Ulster, 1600-1800，Ulster Historical Foundation, →ISBN，頁 41:


garth

繼承自中古英語 garth，源自古諾爾斯語 garðr，源自原始日耳曼語 *gardaz，與古英語 ġeard 同源。yard 的同源對似詞。

a cloister garth

樹林中的一塊空地（多見於北英格蘭地名）

信奉日耳曼多神教運動的一群人或一个家庭

The Candidate for membership of Hof, Garth or Hearth shall hold an Armill, or he may touch an unsheathed Sword throughout the ceremony.

2014年November18日，Stubba，The Book of Blots，頁 102:

现代日耳曼多神教運動仪式和诗歌中的圣地

鱼梁，一种用于捕鱼的堤坝或围堰


gingerbread

/ˈd͡ʒɪn(d͡)ʒəbɹɛd/

/ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚbɹɛd/


gingivitis

gingivitides (plural)
gingivites (plural)


gonfalon

/ˈɡɑːn.fə.ˌlɑːn/


greengrocery

greengrocer + -y，或greengrocer + grocery 組成的混成詞。

Where greengrocery is concerned there is a distinction between the sale in the shops or in special greengrocery shops...

1925，Theodor Cassau, J F Mills，The Consumers' Co-operative Movement in Germany:

When William was twenty-four and Emma was twenty-three, they were married and took over a greengrocery in Stratford.

2004，Patrick McGilligan，Alfred Hitchcock: A Life in Darkness and Light:


grenade

借自法語 grenade，來自古法語 grenate，出自短語pomme grenate (“石榴”)，源自中世紀拉丁語 pomum (“蘋果”) + granatum (“有種子”)。尾音的 -d 是受到西班牙語 granada的影響，法語進而衍生出該詞。garnet 的同源對似詞。

類似炸彈的彈殼，頂部有一團火焰


geomancer

土占者（使用泥土占卜的方士）


griffin

来自 古法語 grifoun，来自 拉丁語 gryphus，来自 古希臘語 γρύψ

狮鹫，半狮半鹫的怪兽，长着狮的身躯和鹫的头和翼。参见维基百科条目：狮鹫


gop

借自俄語 го́п (góp)。


galleon

:galley (一种桨帆船, 以人力划桨为主要动力) + -on (放大性后缀)。

嘎里恩帆船。一种流行于古代欧洲的长条形大型帆船，大小仅次于风帆列舰和战斗舰。


georama

內側繪製有世界地圖，以便站在裡面的人觀看的巨大空心球。


gatekeeper

The sources the citations are drawn from are significant, being printed books or newspapers subject to editorial processes and gatekeepers of language standards, as opposed to unedited texts such as blogs, chatroom logs or student writing.

2012，James Lambert，“Beyond Hobson-Jobson: A new lexicography for Indian English”, in World Englishes，頁 302:

At each station is a level crossing, in addition to others away from stations, and, as both the road and rail traffic are heavy, the gatekeepers (mostly signalmen) are quite busy and have acquired well-merited mention for reducing delays to road traffic to a minimum.

1946 January and February，G. A. Sekon，“The L.B.S.C.R. West Coast Section”, in Railway Magazine，頁 15:

在解離性身分疾患中，指控制著各種身分存取的人格


groundhog

ground-hog (alternative)
ground hog (alternative)
groundhogs (plural)

whistle-pig

美洲旱獺，北美土撥鼠（Marmota monax）

woodchuck

美洲旱獺，北美土撥鼠（Marmota monax）

美洲旱獺，北美土撥鼠（Marmota monax）


gerontocracy

/ˌdʒɛɹənˈtɒkɹəsi/

It would come as no surprise to find that optimum science policy is apt to be developed neither by gerontocracy nor by juvenocracy but, like the community of scientists itself, by age-diversified meritocracy.

1972，Harriet Zuckerman, Robert K. Merton，“Age, Aging, and Age Structure in Science”, in Matilda White Riley, Marilyn Johnson, Anne Foner, Aging and Society，卷 3 (A Sociology of Age Stratification), New York, N.Y.: Russell Sage Foundation, →ISBN，頁 337:

But in his 1996 novel, Holy Fire, [Bruce] Sterling imagines a rather different future: a world ruled by an all-powerful gerontocracy, which appropriates most of the world's wealth to pay for ever more costly life-extension techniques.

1997年March9日，Paul Krugman，“Does Getting Old Cost Society Too Much?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

He [Koizumi] was what would pass for a political maverick among Japan's faceless gray gerontocracy.

2018，Mikiso Hane，Modern Japan: A Historical Survey，第5th版, Routledge, →ISBN:


grounds

(法律学,可数) 理由。


groveling

grovel 的動詞性名詞


growing

(作定语) 与生长有关的。


gander

Have a gander at what he’s written.

I took a gander and she seemed so familiar.

我望了一眼，覺得她很面熟。


gloria

The glorias, canticles, and some translations of popular hymns are admirably sung; I do not know that I ever heard congregational singing more effective.

1855, The Colonial Church chronicle, and missionary journal


gangway

（剧场、飞机等的）座间通道

（上下船用的）跳板，步桥


gardenia

/ɡɑːˈdiːnjə/


glowworm

繼承自中古英語 glouworm；等同於glow + worm。
對照德語 Glühwurm。

Some things afarre doe like the Glow-worme shine,

1604, William Alexander, The Alexandraean Tragedie, Act V, Scene 2, in The Monarchicke Tragedies, London: Ed. Blount, 1607,

Ye Glo-worms, whose officious Flame
To wandring Mowers shows the way,
That in the Night have lost their aim,
And after foolish Fires do stray;

1681，Andrew Marvell，“The Mower to the Glo-Worms”, in Miscellaneous Poems，London: Robert Boulter，頁 44:

Confiding Glow-worms, ’tis a night

1819, William Wordsworth, “The Waggoner” Canto 1, in The Miscellaneous Poems of William Wordsworth, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, 1820, p. 7,

Young girls lie bedded soft or glide in their dreams, with rings and trousseaux, bridesmaided by glowworms down the aisles of the organplaying wood.

1954，Dylan Thomas，Under Milk Wood，New York: New Directions，頁 1:


gullible

gull + -ible 或中古英語 gull (“新孵出的小鳥”，方言)，可能來自古諾爾斯語 gulr，來自其羽絨的色彩。

容易上當的、易受欺騙的人，好騙的人。

They pictured to these gullibles the unearthly delights that were to be enjoyed as servants of the Spaniards. But such tricks could not last, for Cuba was too close to Saint Domingue, and news of the real conditions leaked across the windward passage and were bruited about.
#*:: 他們向這些好騙的人描繪了作為西班牙人的僕人會享受到的恐怖樂趣。但是這種伎倆不能持續，因為古巴離聖多明戈太近了，真實情況的消息穿過向風海峽洩露並四處散布。

1991 年，蓋安道，《Babouk: Voices of Resistance》(《巴布克：抵抗之聲》，第 70 頁)

Spurious accounts that snare the gullible are readily available. Skeptical treatments are much harder to find.

誘騙輕信者的虛假帳戶隨處可見。「懷疑病」的治療方法卻更難找到。

1995 年，卡爾 薩根，“最寶貴的東西”, in 魔鬼出沒的世界——科學，照亮黑暗的蠟燭，第第一版, 紐約: 兰登书屋, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 5:


gunfight

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gunfight.wav


gnomon

晷針, 日規，(日晷的) 指时针


gnosis

:< 古希腊语 γνῶσις。


goddam

借自法語 goddam (“英國人”)，來自英語 goddamn。

英國人，從法國人或法國歷史角度來看，起源自百年戰爭時期。

That is why the goddams will take Orleans. And you cannot stop them, nor ten thousand like you.

這就是為什麼英國佬能佔領奧爾良。而你沒法阻擋他們，哪怕有一萬個像你這樣的人也不行。

1991，Philip George Hill，Our Dramatic Heritage: Reactions to realism，頁 90:


godspeed

Godspeed 的（非）大写形。


hairbrush

hair-brush (alternative)
hairbrushes (plural)


humbug

And looking back through my work, I see that it is invariably where I lacked a political purpose that I wrote lifeless books and was betrayed into purple passages, sentences without meaning, decorative adjectives and humbug generally.

(Can we date this quote?)，George Orwell，Why I Write:


humectant

拉丁語 ūmectāns，ūmectō (“弄濕”) 的現在分詞，源自 ūmectus (“濕潤的”)，源自 ūmeō (“濕潤”)。

[…] that you have induced a horrid phlegmatic condition with will soon require a liberal and generous humectant to keep the very membranes of your very entrails from desquamating, chipping off and blocking up all the pipes of your body.

1911，Hampton's Magazine，卷 27, 期 1，頁 462:

The humectant is preferably added at this stage, subsequent to centrifuging, because it increases the viscosity of the slurry. The centrifuged material with the combined humectant is then dried to remove all or most of the water.

1973，Ronald W. James，Desiccants and humectants，頁 285:

Sorbitol is an excellent humectant and is used to extend the shelf life of many baked goods and fillings.

2010，Peter Hull，Glucose Syrups: Technology and Applications，頁 114:


hunch

hunk的齒擦音變體，起源不確定。
或是派生自hump，經由早期中古英語*hunche、*humpchin，來自*hump + -chin, -chen (指小詞後綴)，等同於hump + -kin。“預感，猜測”義據說源自過去賭博時摸駝背能帶來好運的迷信。

The old man walked with a hunch.

I have a hunch they'll find a way to solve the problem.

我感覺他們會找到解決問題的方法。

a hunch of bread

"The greedy little bastards! They had a 'unch of bread each when I 'ad my dinner."

1926，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，The Land of Mist:


halide

Potassium iodide is a halide.


hallelujah

來自希伯來語 הַלְלוּיָהּ (hal'luyáh，“讚美耶和華”)。

halleluia (alternative)
halleluiah (alternative)
halleluja (alternative)
alleluia (alternative)
hallelujahs (plural)

一聲「哈利路亞」的喊聲。

So ſung they, and the Empyrean rung, / With Halleluiahs: Thus was Sabbath kept.

他们就像这样歌唱，哈利路亚的赞歌响彻苍天：正是因为如此，安息日流传下来。

1667，John Milton，“Book VII”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行s 633–634:

讚美上帝的歌；以「哈利路亞」為基礎的音樂作品。

Who so stolid and selfish, that would not give his voice to swell the hallelujahs of a nation’s jubilee, when the chains of servitude had been torn from his limbs?

1855，Frederick Douglass，My Bondage and My Freedom，New York: Miller, Orton and Mulligan，頁 441:


hi

美國英語。首次出現在堪薩斯州印第安人的對話中（1862年）；最初是為了引起注意，可能是中古英語 hey、hy（大約1475年）的變體。也是引起注意的感嘆詞。參見hey。

I didn't even get a hi.

我連招呼都不跟他打一個。


hickey

叫不出名字的物體 （自1909年）

因雜質附著而導致的印刷缺陷，表現為印刷處墨水被一圈無墨痕跡所圍繞，或有墨區域中間有一塊空白

Years ago, there were internal company standards for dark center (ink color) hickeys and for white voids in solids/type.

2008, American Printer (volume 125, page 63)

It is generally believed, by those who study such things, that serif typefaces are easier to read when reading a lot of words. The hickeys (serifs) on each letter tend to push our eye toward the next letter.

2018, Paul W. Ross, Revival: The Handbook of Software for Engineers and Scientists

（多指皮膚）組織腫脹，一般是受傷導致 （自1915年）

意想不到的損失，一般搭配作“taking a ...”或“took a ... ”

Farmer Jones took a hickey on his soybean crop when the flood washed the seeds away.

洪水把農民瓊斯的種子沖走，使他蒙受損失。


halogen

古希臘文ἅλς（鹽）加上-gen（製造者）後輟，意為與金屬鍵合來產生鹽的物質。

鹵素，即氟、氯、溴、碘、砈和Uus六種化學元素的統稱。


halogenation

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-halogenation.wav


hawser

繼承自中古英語 hauser、haucer，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 haucer，來自通俗拉丁語 *altiāre (“增加”)，衍生自拉丁語 altus (“高”)。因在英語中將hawse和可能haul的錯誤關聯，而修改。對照法語 aussière、haussière。


high-rise

highrise (alternative)
high-rises (plural)


handicraft

靠工藝品維生的人；製造工藝品的人

his men were all baſe handie craftes, as coblers, and curriers, and tinkers, whereof ſome had barres of yron[…]

1596，Thomas Nashe，The Unfortunate Traueller: or, The Life of Jacke Wilton:

The M[e]chanicks, and handy-crafts were Induſtrious, Thrifty, and the main ſupporters of the Trade of France.

1691，Sam Norris，The English Spy; Or, the Intrigues, Pollicies, and Stratagems of the French King with His Secret Contrivances, for Undermining the Princes of Christendom, Discovered:

"Why, thou knowest, father," he said, smiling, "that we handicrafts best love the folks we live by;[…]

1828 (reprinted 1842)，Sir Walter Scott，The Fair Maid of Perth，Schlesinger:


hencoop

同類詞：henyard

近義詞：henhouse、chicken coop、chickenhouse、poultryhouse


henhouse

同類詞：cowhouse、doghouse、hoghouse


henotheism

/ˈhɛnəʊˌθiːɪz(ə)m/

同類詞：monolatrism、monotheism、polytheism


hippie

源自1953年，為通常帶貶義的 hipster 的變體。參見嬉皮的詞源。

beatnik

模仿披頭族（「垮掉的一代」）的青少年

treehugger

嬉皮，嬉皮士；選擇不遵守現行社會規範的人：尤其是認同接受或自我實踐娛樂性吸毒、自由或激進性觀念、提倡集體生活、強烈的和平主義或反戰情緒等價值觀或行為的人

模仿披頭族（「垮掉的一代」）的青少年

1960年代俚語；仍廣泛用於指代那個時代

外表凌亂或邋遢、頭髮異常長的人（通常指男性）


hippocras

用葡萄酒及香料调制的甜酒


heptagon

16世紀以後，來自古希臘語 ἑπτάγωνον (heptágōnon)，來自ἑπτά (heptá，“七”) + γωνία (gōnía，“角”)。相等於hepta- + -gon。


hectare

借自法語 hectare，源自古希臘語 ἑκατόν (hekatón，“百”) + are。

With careful planning almost anyone can turn the dream of owning a small farm or a few hectares of country land into a reality.

透過精心規劃，幾乎任何人都可以將擁有小農場或幾公頃鄉村土地的夢想變成現實。

1997，“Buying a Rural Property”, in Back to Basics，Surry Hills, NSW: Reader's Digest (Australia) Pty Limited，頁 10:

Last year 1m square metres of plant-covered roofing was built in France, as much as in the US, and 10 times more than in Germany, the pioneer in this field. In Paris 22 hectares of roof have been planted, out of a potential total of 80 hectares.

去年，法國建造了100萬平方公尺的植物覆蓋屋頂，與美國一樣多，是該領域先驅德國的10倍。巴黎屋頂的潛在種植面積為80公頃，其中22公頃已種植。

2013年May10日，Audrey Garric，“Urban canopies let nature bloom”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 188, 期 22，頁 30:


harbinger

/ˈhɑːbɪndʒə/

/ˈhɑɹbɪnd͡ʒəɹ/

harbinger of danger; harbinger of doom; harbinger of spring

When the darkest days come, they are the harbinger of a new dawn.


herbarium

派生自拉丁語 herbārium。arbor 的同源對似詞。


hoarder

來自中古英語 horder、hordere (“保管商品的人”)，來自古英語 hordere (“司庫，管家，内侍”)，等同於hoard + -er。


hereafter

/hɪəˈɹɑːftə/


heretic

human rights heretic


holidays

假期，假日（尤指外出度假）

Where are you going for your holidays this year?

We're on our holidays.

聖誕節、光明節和新年的前後一段時期

Where will you be spending the holidays?

歲末年初，你打算在哪裡度過？


helix

來自拉丁語 helix，來自古希臘語 ἕλιξ (hélix，“盤繞或螺旋的東西”)。

科林斯柱式上的小型螺旋裝飾。

helix piercing

花式皮划艇競技中，在半空中翻轉360°的動作。


helophyte

古希臘語 ἕλος (hélos，“沼澤”) + -phyte (“植物”)。


homeopathy

homoeopathy (alternative)
homœopathy (alternative)
homeopathies (plural)

/ˌhəʊmɪˈɒpəθi/

/ˌhɒmɪˈɒpəθi/

I am sure that if doctors (for instance) were first taught how to use some of the other methods of homeopathy effectively, particularly the therapeutics and organ-based methods, they would be much more able to incorporate these into their practices […]

2004, Ian Watson, A Guide to the Methodologies of Homeopathy, Cutting Edge Publications (ISBN 9780951765760), page 20:


heterophobia

Taguieff writes synonimically:Template:SIC of racism and heterophobia (resentment of the different). […] Heterophobia seems to be a focused manifestation of a still wider phenomenon of anxiety aroused by the feeling that one has no control over the situation, […]

2013，Zygmunt Bauman，Modernity and the Holocaust, →ISBN，頁 116:

恐異症，異性戀恐懼症，異性恐懼症

[…] a panel of teenagers of LGBT parents […] voiced concern about what they called "heterophobia"—they wished their parents weren't so negative and distrusting of straight people. Even suggesting that heterophobia exists for these children understandably evokes angry and skeptical responses because homo-hostile people have used the same word to support a bogus claim that gay rights discrimination against heterosexuals.

2004/2005, Abigail Garner, Families Like Mine: Children of Gay Parents Tell It Like It Is, pages 213–214:

Some gay and lesbian counselors may need to reflect on another bias referred to as heterophobia, which is fear or dislike of heterosexuals […]

2011, Mark S. Kiselica, Matt Englar-Carlson, Arthur M. Horne, Counseling Troubled Boys: A Guidebook for Professionals (page 253)


homily

音頻（加拿大，機器合成）


hexadecimal

源自1952年，由 hexadeca- + decimal 組成；更多訊息請見英語維基百科條目。

以十六進位／十六進制表達的數


homophone

/ˈhɒməfəʊ̯n/


homozygote

來自homo- + zygote。由英國的生物學家威廉·貝特森和由Edith Rebecca Saunders在1902年造出，用於論文《The facts of heredity in the light of Mendel’s discovery》的題名。

/ˌhəʊməʊˈzaɪɡəʊt/


honorarium

/ˈɒ.nəˈɹɛɹ.i.əm/

/ˌɑ.nəˈɹɛɹ.i.əm/

Dizi offer honorariums to their master, Hong, in appreciation for the mental, spiritual, and physical growth that they experience after becoming members of Tai Ji Men. There is no tuition or other fees for joining Tai Ji Men or practicing Qigong at one of the many Tai Ji Men locations established in Taiwan.

2020，Kenneth A. Jacobsen，“Abrogating the Rule of Law: The Tai Ji Men Tax Case in Taiwan”, in The Journal of CENSUR，卷 4, 期 5, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 106:


honorific

/ˌɒnəˈɹɪfɪk/

/ˌɑːnəˈɹɪfɪk/


horsemeat

horse meat (alternative)
horsemeats (plural)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-horsemeat.wav

In January 2013, supermarkets were hit by an extraordinary scandal as it emerged that foods made of processed 'beef' actually contained horsemeat.

2015, Ian Marcouse, Andrew Hammond, Nigel Watson, Edexcel Business A Level Year 1: Including AS


cephalotaxaceae

:出自新拉丁文“Cephalotaxaceae”一词。按本意可拆分为 cephalo- (希腊文, "头") +taxus (拉丁文, "紫杉") + -aceae。


investigation

/ɪnˌvɛstəˈɡeɪʃən/


investigator

紀錄於16世紀中期；源自拉丁語 investigator，源自 investigare，等價於 investigate + -or。


ionium

釷-²³⁰₉₀Th的同位素。


ism

源自後綴-ism (“信仰”)，特別用於「社會運動」的含意上（19世紀）。對照phobia源自-phobia，sophy源自-sophy，itis源自-itis，以及ana源自-ana。

[…] his religion, his worship was like his daily bread to him; — which he did not take the trouble to talk much about; which he merely ate at stated intervals, and lived and did his work upon! This is Abbot Samson’s Catholicism of the Twelfth Century; — something like the Ism of all true men in all true centuries, I fancy! Alas, compared with any of the Isms current in these poor days, what a thing!

1843，Thomas Carlyle，章號 XV, in Past and Present，book 2:

An ism does not have to possess the fearful implements of state power to cut off a a deviant or heretical member.

1965，Bertram David Wolfe，Marxism, One Hundred Years in the Life of a Doctrine，頁 357:

In his exposition, he has failed to achieve the identification of situation, theory, and policy necessary to create an ism.

1969，Walter E. Minchinton，Mercantilism; System Or Expediency?，頁 xi:

Isms in my opinion are not good. A person should not believe in an ism – he should believe in himself.

1986，John Hughes，Ferris Bueller's Day Off，spoken by Ferris Bueller (Matthew Broderick):

It is important to distinguish between an ism and a mere generalization about group differences. Generalizations that have statistical validity are not isms. An ism assumes that the generalization applies to an individual.

1994，Kenneth Kaye，Workplace Wars and How to End Them，頁 70:

歧視的一種形式，例如種族主義或性別歧視等


ichthyography

關於魚類的科學理論跟學說；魚類誌


ichthyologist

魚類學家、魚類學專家。[自18世纪]


ichthyology

/ˌɪkθiˈɒlədʒi/


instructive

手段格，一種存在於芬蘭語支的語法格


inferno

借自意大利語 inferno (“地獄”)，來自拉丁語 infernus (“下層地區”)、inferna (“下層地區”)；參見infernal。
“大火”的意思來自hellfire的傳統概念。

At each sudden explosion in the inferno below they sprang back from the brink [of the volcanic crater].

1899，D. C. Worcester，The Philippine Islands and Their People:

Blast after blast, fiery outbreak after fiery outbreak, like a flaming barrage from within,[…]most of Edison's grounds soon became an inferno. As though on an incendiary rampage, the fires systematically devoured the contents of Edison's headquarters and facilities.

2006，Edwin Black，章號 1, in Internal Combustion:

Unfortunately for Admiral Kurita, this is where the good news ends. The fire started by New Jerseys hit amidships has spread, and there is now a towering inferno' that occupies the middle third of the Japanese battleship.

2021年May5日，Drachinifel，片头起34:59, in Battle of Samar - What if TF34 was there?，存檔自the original on 2022-08-08:


integration

/ɪntəˈɡɹeɪʃən/


indent

美国政府在革命结束时为公共债务的本金或利息发行的证书或预期证书。


ignitor

igniter的另一種拼寫法


intercepter

thy intercepter, full of despite, bloody as the hunter, attends thee at the orchard end

c. 1601–1602 （写稿日期），威廉·莎士比亚，“Twelfe Night, or What You Will [第十二夜]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio（第一对开本）)，伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard和Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:


impression

His head made an impression on the pillow.

他的頭在枕頭上留下痕跡。

He tried to make a good impression on his parents.

他試圖給父母留下好印象。

Their empires, triumphs, conquests, and projects, have left little impression behind them, notwithstanding the attention they once attracted, and the violent convulsions which they caused in the state of the world.

1805，Henry Kett，“Conclusion”, in Elements of General Knowledge, Introductory to Useful Books in the Principal Branches of Literature and Science. […]，卷 I, Philadelphia, Pa.: […] [T]he Press of H. Maxwell, for F. Nichols, […], and J. A. Cummings, […]，頁s 387–388:

The stories did not seem to me to touch life. […] They left me with the impression of a well-delivered stereopticon lecture, with characters about as life-like as the shadows on the screen, and whisking on and off, at the mercy of the operator.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年），Winston Churchill，章號 1, in The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

Though most of the cases here cover European encounters with non-Europeans, it is not the intention of the book to give the impression that genocide is a function of European colonialism and imperialism alone.

2008年June1日，A. Dirk Moses，“Preface”, in Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History，Berghahn Books, →ISBN，頁 x:

I have the impression that he's already left for Paris.

我印象中他已經動身去巴黎了。

關鍵績效指標，代表廣告的曝光次數

Publishers are paid for each ad impression their site generates.

2010，Dusty Reagan，Twitter Application Development For Dummies，John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN，頁 329:

第一層顏色，例如房屋油漆的底漆

Let us, therefore, use a little freedom, and call them Impressions; employing that word in a sense somewhat different from the usual. By the term impression, then, I mean all our more lively perceptions, when we hear, or see, or feel, or love, or hate, or desire, or will. And impressions are distinguished from ideas, which are the less lively perceptions, of which we are conscious, when we reflect on any of those sensations or movements above mentioned.

1748，David Hume，“Of the Origin of Ideas”, in An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding:


interchangeable

/ɪntɚˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒəbl̩/

[ɪɾ̃ɚˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒəbl̩]

任何可以交換的東西；替代品


interchanger

交換機，用於交換東西的設備


impressions

/ɪmˈpɹɛʃənz/


ill-wisher

幸災樂禍的人；希望他人不幸、受到傷害的人


illinium

Illinois + -ium，來自伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校（University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign），他們聲稱在1926年發現此元素，但無法證實。


injectant

A variety of fatty injectants may be used to create artificial marbling in meat.

多種脂肪注射劑可用於在肉中產生人造大理石花紋。


industrialist

Brian Donlevy is a wealthy industrialist who survives an attempted murder when his wife's boyfriend is killed in a car crash.

喜歡表演或享受工業音樂的人

Like a lot of second-wave industrialists, Skinny Puppy's attraction to rhythm wasn't consciously political, but based in the pleasure of making and moving to a beat; Key was, after all, a drummer.

2013, S. Alexander Reed, Assimilate: A Critical History of Industrial Music (page 174)


industrialization

源自法語 industrialisation。可以分析為 industrial + -ization 或 industrialize + -ation。


immaturity

/ɪməˈtʃʊɹɪti/


intermezzo

intermezzos (plural)
intermezzi (plural)


intolerance

Religious intolerance is a serious problem in Brazil.


intricacy

the intricacy of a knot

the intricacy of accounts

the intricacy of a cause in controversy

There are many intricacies in the plot of this novel.

这篇小说的情节十分错综复杂。


introduction

/ˌɪntɹəˈdʌkʃən/


inauguration

/ɪnɔːɡ(j)ʊˈɹeɪʃən/

正式开始、发起或投入使用

近義詞：dedication

The inauguration of the new bar was a success, with plenty of discounts.

新酒吧的开业非常成功，折扣也很多。


incantation

来自中古英語 incantacioun，来自古法語 incantation，来自拉丁語 incantatio。详见enchant。


jacaranda

借自葡萄牙語 jacarandá，源自古圖皮語 îacaranda。

They passed slowly under the jacaranda trees beginning to bloom lavender over their heads.

2020，Brit Bennett，The Vanishing Half，Dialogue Books，頁 147:

黄檀族（Dalbergia）部分与之类似的木材的商品名，如绒毛黄檀（Dalbergia frutescens）、巴西黑黃檀（Dalbergia nigra）、微凹黃檀（Dalbergia refusa）


jack-in-office

jack in office (alternative)
jacks-in-office (plural)

打官腔的官吏，狐假虎威的官員

Chapel at Trinity was compulsory. Hardy told the Dean, …, that he could not conscientiously attend. The Dean, who must have been a jack-in-office, insisted that Hardy should write to his parents and tell them so.

1967, C. P. Snow, foreword to A Mathematician's Apology, G. H. Hardy, 1948.


jack-in-the-box

jacks-in-boxes (plural)
jacks-in-the-boxes (plural)
jack-in-the-boxes (plural)
jacks-in-the-box (plural)


jack-tar

jacktar的另一種拼寫法


jack towel

roller towel

環狀長毛巾 （自16世紀）

環狀長毛巾 （自16世紀）

Bronze declared to me that she had never seen such a thing as a jack-towel in the house, nor even the nail-holes where one had been.

Bronze 告訴我，她从来没有在房子里见过像毛巾这样的东西，甚至连钉孔都没有见过。

1828，JT Smith，Nollekens and His Times，Century Hutchinson, 出版於 1986，頁 271:


hyena

hyenas (plural)
hyena (plural)
hyenae (plural)


jaguar

/ˈdʒæɡjuːɑː/


japonica

來自新拉丁語 japonica，種名。

To-day we have naming of parts. Japonica
Glistens like coral in all of the neighboring gardens,
And to-day we have naming of parts.

1942 August 8, Henry Reed, “Naming of Parts” in The New Statesman and Nation: The Week-end Review, volume 24, number 598, page 92:

原產日本的植物。
粳稻，水稻（Oryza sativa）的亞種

The isograms were typical of differences between two subspecies but also of those between different lines of japonicas or indicas.

1986，Rice Genetics: Proceedings of the International Rice Genetics Symposium, 27-31 May 1985，International Rice Research Institute:


hyperboloid

如果雙曲面是一整個連通面，則稱其為單葉（of one sheet）；若它有兩個部分，則稱為雙葉（of two sheets）。

像許多以非無聲 h 開頭但重音落在第二個音節的詞彙一樣，有些人在 hyperboloid 之前使用 an 作為不定冠詞，有些人則使用 a。


Jeroboam

借自希伯來語 יָרָבְעָם (yāroḇʿām)。

/ˌd͡ʒɛɹəˈboʊəm/


Jeroboam

借自希伯來語 יָרָבְעָם (yāroḇʿām)。

/ˌd͡ʒɛɹəˈboʊəm/

double magnum

大型酒瓶（裝3升香槟或勃艮第葡萄酒，或4.5升波尔多葡萄酒）

大型酒瓶（裝3升香槟或勃艮第葡萄酒，或4.5升波尔多葡萄酒）


jeweller

jeweler的另一種拼寫法


jinn

源自阿拉伯語 جِنّ (jinn)（單數جِنِّيّ (jinniyy)）。

jinns (plural)
jinn (plural)
jann (plural)
janns (plural)
jawan (plural)
jinnan (plural)
jinnah (plural)

鎮尼，精靈，神灵（超自然存在）

Each grasped a musket in one hand and searched for his hijab with the other, for each carried several of these amulets, and that in demand this night was the one written against the jan, for certainly none but a jin could have done this thing.

1928，Edgar Rice Burroughs，章號 21, in Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle，頁 281:

Thus, it was popularly supposed that familiar spirits could be enclosed in rings, or confined in bottles and boxes, just as the Persians thought that djinns could be kept in jars or flasks.

1936，Rollo Ahmed，The Black Art，London: Long，頁 74:


hyperthyroidism

/ˌhaɪ̯pəˈθaɪ̯ɹɔɪ̯ˌdɪzəm/


hypha

菌丝；黴菌類的線狀或絲狀體。


hyphen

谈话中的音节间之短暂停顿


kaftan

源自鄂圖曼土耳其語 قفطان (qaftān)，并通过俄語 кафтан

土耳其式长衫，在东地中海地区穿的一种长的束腰外衣。

与东地中海地区所穿的长衫样式相似的长衣或长衫。


jointer

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-jointer.wav


kakapo

源自毛利語 kākāpō。


kaleidoscope

來自古希臘語 καλός (kalós，“美麗”) + εἶδος (eîdos，“形狀”)（對照-oid） + -scope。1817年由發明家大卫·布儒斯特所創。
用作比喻義則是1819年的拜伦勋爵從出版社那邊收到一個萬花筒而來。

caleidoscope (alternative)
kaleidoscopes (plural)

Lady Etheringhame being now a constitutionalist, dined rather early: and Emily, her head like a kaleidoscope, full of colours, with not a little disdain, put on the blue silk she had thought bleu céleste, at least in the country.

1831，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Romance and Reality，卷 1，頁s 34-35:

The rail journey from The Hook [Hook of Holland] to Basle is a scenic kaleidoscope, ranging from the flat terrain of the Netherlands to the high ranges of the Black Forest, from the straight Dutch waterways to the sinuous Rhine gorge, from the ocean-going shipping of canals to the busy inland traffic of the Rhine and from peaceful farmland to thriving centres of commerce.

1961 April，G. Freeman Allen，“The "Rheingold" goes via Cologne”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 231:

Another most notable change concerns rolling stock liveries. Back then, corporate Rail Blue was omnipresent, whereas now there is a kaleidoscope of colours and styles.

2020年June17日，David Clough，“Then and now: trains through Crewe”, in Rail，頁 60:


hypocrite

來自古法語 ypocrite (現代法語hypocrite)，來自拉丁語 hypocrita，來自古希臘語 ὑποκριτής (hupokritḗs，“演員，偽善者”)，來自ὑποκρίνομαι (hupokrínomai，“回答，行動，假裝”)。本義為古英語 līċettere。

flip-flopper

偽善者（自13世紀早期）

pretender

偽善者（自13世紀早期）

偽善者（自13世紀早期）

[S]he was one of your ſoft ſpoken, canting, whining hypocrites, who with a truly jeſuitical art, could wreſt evil out of the moſt inoffenſive thought, word, look or action; […]

1765，Catherine Jemmat，The Memoirs of Mrs. Catherine Jemmat, Daughter of the Late Admiral Yeo, of Plymouth. Written by Herself，第2nd版, 卷 I, London: Printed for the author, at Charing-Cross, →OCLC，頁 145:

Neither Mr. Meacham, who mostly ignores Jefferson’s slave ownership, nor Mr. Wiencek, who sees him as a sort of fallen angel who comes to slavery only after discovering how profitable it could be, seem willing to confront the ugly truth: the third president was a creepy, brutal hypocrite.

2012年November30日，Paul Finkelman，“The Real Thomas Jefferson: The Monster of Monticello”, in New York Times:


jollity

繼承自中古英語 jolyfte，來自古法語 joliveté。


karate

源自日語 空(から)手(て) (karate)，來自唐(から)手(て) (karate)，來自沖繩語 唐手 (tūdī)。

/kəˈɹɑː.teɪ/


judo

* 来自日语柔道 (jūdō)。


katakana

/ˌkætəˈkænə/

/ˌkætəˈkɑːnə/

/ˌkɑtəˈkɑːnə/

片假名（日語音節文字系統）


juniper

[ˈd͡ʒunɪ̈pɚ]


kation

cation的過時形式。


loofah

借自阿拉伯語 لُوفَة (lūfa)。


loot

一種杓子，主要用於移走製鹽鍋中浮在鹽水表面的雜質。


loot

打劫、狩掠、搶劫或搶掠的行為

搶掠中獲得的贓物或戰利品

免費獲得的獎勵或獎品，特別是聖誕禮物

玩家擊倒敵人後獲得的戰利品


lordliness

繼承自中古英語 lordlines、lordlynes、lordlinesse，等同於lordly + -ness。


lordling

He saw it clear enough, now that the lordling had pointed it out. “They couldn't have froze. Not if the Wall was weeping. It wasn't cold enough."

1996年August1日，George R.R. Martin，A Game of Thrones (A Song of Ice and Fire; 1)，HarperCollins, →ISBN, →OCLC，頁 16:


lose

源自古法語 los，loos，源自拉丁語 laudēs，laus (“贊揚，贊美”)的複數。

That much he feared least reprochfull blame / With foule dishonour him mote blot therefore; / Besides the losse of so much loos and fame […].

1596，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book VI, Canto XII”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


louvre

louver的另一種寫法


kimono

借自日語 着物 (kimono，“服裝”)，源自着 + 物(もの) (mono)。

kimona (alternative)
kimonos (plural)
kimono (plural)

[kɪ̈ˈmoʊ̯noʊ̯]

[kɪ̈ˈmoʊ̯nə]

在日語中，浴衣通常不被視爲和服的一種。


ladybird

源自 lady + bird，這裡的 lady 指的是馬利亞，即耶穌的母親。對照德語 Marienkäfer (字面意思是“瑪莉甲蟲”)。

ladybug

瓢蟲，鞘翅目瓢蟲科成員的通稱

lady beetle

瓢蟲，鞘翅目瓢蟲科成員的通稱

ladycow

瓢蟲，鞘翅目瓢蟲科成員的通稱

lady fly

瓢蟲，鞘翅目瓢蟲科成員的通稱

bishy barnabee

瓢蟲，鞘翅目瓢蟲科成員的通稱

ladybird 一詞在英式英語中使用，而 ladybug 則在美國和加拿大則很常見。

瓢蟲，鞘翅目瓢蟲科成員的通稱

During this time, they eat about 825 Toxoptera per ladybird, making an average of about twenty-five per day to each ladybird.
在此期間，每隻瓢蟲大約要吃掉825隻桔蚜，平均每隻瓢蟲每天要吃掉25隻桔蚜。

1914, Entomological Society of America, Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 7, page 81,

Lady-bird, lady-bird, fly away home, / Thy house is on fire, thy children all gone: / All but one whose name is Ann, / And she crept under the pudding-pan.
瓢蟲，瓢蟲，飛回家去吧，／你的房子著火了，你的孩子都走了：／除了一個叫安的，／她爬到了布丁鍋下面。

1927, Hamilton Wright Mabie, Edward Everett Hale, and William Byron Forbush (editors), Childhood′s Favorites and Fairy Stories: The Young Folks Treasury, Volume 1, Gutenberg eBook #19993,

Ladybirds, unlike most beetles, enjoy considerable popularity: they are attractive to look at and are well-known as useful predators of aphids—the greenfly and blackfly that destroy garden plants and crops.
與大多數甲蟲不同，瓢蟲相當受歡迎：它們不僅外觀迷人，而且是眾所周知的蚜蟲－破壞花園植物和農作物的綠蠅和黑蠅－的有效捕食者。

1976 September 30, Denis Owen, Ladybird, ladybird, fly away home, New Scientist, page 686,

Perhaps it was a sense of lack of effectiveness of native ladybirds in rapid and complete control of aphid infestations that led to attempts to import additional aphid-feeding ladybird species into North America.
也許正是因為感覺到當地瓢蟲在快速、徹底地控制蚜蟲蟲害方面缺乏有效性，人們才試圖向北美引進更多的以蚜蟲為食的瓢蟲物種。

2008, John L. Capinera, Encyclopedia of Entomology, Springer-Verlag New York, 2nd Edition, page 2130,


luce

源自古法語 lus、luis，源自拉丁語 lūcius。


ling

借自中古英語 lenge，lienge，借自中古法語 leynge（比較法語 lingue），借自中古荷蘭語 *lenge（現代的荷蘭語 leng），與古諾爾斯語 langa 同源，可能與 long有關。

魣鱈屬（Molva）的魚


ling

借自中古英語 lyng，借自古諾爾斯語 lyng。

任何一種杜鵑花科植物
帚石楠（Calluna vulgaris）

I was sitting by a path on a tussock between some bushes, whence I could overlook the path and a little valley to which it led down, and where nothing but ling and heather grew.

我坐在灌木丛间的一条小路边，俯瞰着小路延伸至的一个小山谷，那里除了石楠什么也没有。

1886，Peter Christen Asbjørnsen，譯者 H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales，頁 28:

Partridges, enjoying their last weeks of security, rose whirring and clattering from among the ling.

鹧鸪正享受着最后几周的安全时光，它们从石楠丛中呼呼作响地飞起。

1931，Dorothy L. Sayers，The Five Red Herrings:


lingam

古典借詞，源自梵語 लिङ्गम् (liṅgam，लिङ्ग (liṅga，“標誌，標記；陰莖”)的主格單數)。

當用於“陰莖”時，主要見於含有印度教、阿育吠陀、怛特羅、瑜珈的語境下，或譯自梵語的文章。

同類詞：yoni

委婉；參見[[#使用說明]]

Once both partners have felt the connection it is up to the woman to give the signal that permission to enter has been granted. She may whisper her invitation to enter, use her hands to guide his lingam, or press against him, causing his lingam to open her.

2013，Anaiya Sophia，Sacred Sexual Union: The Alchemy of Love, Power, and Wisdom，Rochester: Inner Traditions, →ISBN, →OCLC, →ISBN:

He still enjoys a tumble with her now as much as when they were youngsters, his voice cracking and his lingam a sprout that seemed never to get soft.

2008，John Speed，Tiger Claws: A Novel of India，New York: St. Martin's Press, →ISBN, →OCLC，頁 139, →ISBN:

When the sages saw the great god Siva so haggard and sad, they treated him with scorn and saluted him only with bent heads.
Sica:Template:SIC, tired and weary, asked only for "alms". Thus the god went about begging along the roads of Darauvanam.
As the women looked at him, they felt a pang in their heart. Their minds were perturbed and their hearts agitated by the sensations of love. They forsook the beds of the sages and followed Siva.
As the sages saw their wives following Siva, they pronounced a curse upon him;
"May his lingam fall to the ground."

1993，Hilton Hotema，Son of Perfection，Pomeroy, Washington: Health Research, →ISBN, →OCLC，頁 50, →ISBN:

I gaze into the starry void, into Dominique’s eyes, into the blackness behind my own sealed eyelids as her lips envelop my lingam, and I feel a feedback channel opening between this creature of obsession and the dormant natural man.

2011，Norman Spinrad，The Void Captain's Tale，United Kingdom: Orion, →ISBN, →ISBN:


kinkajou

借自法語 quincajou，源自一阿爾岡昆語族詞彙，本義可能為“狼獾”（對比阿爾岡昆語 Kwingwaage、奧吉布瓦語 gwiingwa'aage (“狼獾”)），後來轉稱這種南美洲動物。與 carcajou 有關。

/ˈkɪŋkəˌd͡ʒuː/

/ˈkɪŋkəˌʒuː/


lingerie

/ˌlɔn.(d)ʒəˈɹæɪ/

/ˈlɔ̃.(d)ʒə.ɹæɪ/

Empire matinees in lingerie stuffs with trimmings of lace and embroidery are shown in great variety.

1906, Dry Goods Guide (volumes 17-18, page 70)


lingering

linger 的動名詞：拖延，逗留

But through this insistent rhythm and rhyme, there are only questions and parenthetical pauses, interruptions and lingerings.

2000, David S. Reynolds, A Historical Guide to Walt Whitman (page 73)


linguistics

源自 linguist + -ics，類似於 linguistic 和拉丁語 linguisticus，源自德語 Linguistik，由英國的博學者威廉·惠威爾在1837造出 。

美國，/ŋ/ 前緊繃的發音


lei

源自羅馬尼亞語 lei。


lemures

:出自拉丁语 lemurēs ("夜里出来徘徊的游魂")。


landgravine

伯爵夫人，領主夫人；女伯爵，女領主


kneecap

护膝，用于在摔倒时保护膝盖。


lycanthropy

來自古希臘語 λυκανθρωπία (lukanthrōpía)，來自λυκάνθρωπος (lukánthrōpos)。

lycanthropia (alternative)
lycanthropies (plural)

能變身為狼人的狀態（一般在滿月之夜，不受控制）。

能在人形和動物形之間變身的狀態。

認為自己能變身成動物的錯覺。


lapel

來自lap + -el (“指小後綴”)。


last name

因為在英語，姓氏寫在後方，所以叫 last name。但是有些地方（如中日韓越）的語言及文化中，姓氏寫在名字前面，因此這時用surname或family name可能會更合適。


liverwort

liver ("肝") + wort (古英语, "植物")。古人因见到某些此类植物形状像肝脏，于是相信其可作药用医治肝病。


leverage

/ˈlɛv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/

mechanical advantage

繞樞軸旋轉的槓桿而復合的力；參見扭矩。

operating leverage

在設施的高產能利用率下運作時能夠獲得非常高的回報的能力。

繞樞軸旋轉的槓桿而復合的力；參見扭矩。

A crowbar uses leverage to pry nails out of wood.

In order to proportion the braking force to the weight carried by a wheel - a matter of special importance in the braking of wagons - variable leverage systems are now being introduced in which the end of one axle spring is linked to a control spring in the change-over valve, so automatically varying the leverage exerted by the brake-rod according to whether the wagon is full or empty.

1960 April，“The braking of trains”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 237:

任何複合的或用來獲得優勢的影響。

Try using competitors’ prices for leverage in the negotiation.

The former Forest man, who passed a late fitness test, appeared to use Guy Moussi for leverage before nodding in David Fox's free-kick at the far post - his 22nd goal of the season.

2011年April15日，Saj Chowdhury，“Norwich 2 - 1 Nott'm Forest”, in BBC Sport:

使用合約確定回報的借入資金來提高投資能力並獲得預期更高的回報，但通常風險較高。

Leverage is great until something goes wrong with your investments and you still have to pay your debts.

Online margin trading is usually based on leverage, where the brokerage effectively lets you borrow more money than you have deposited as collateral.

2011，Brian Dolan，Currency Trading For Dummies，John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN，頁 55:

Both exchanges offer crypto derivatives, which are bets on future fluctuations in cryptocurrency prices. They also offer extreme leverage — up to 125 times on Binance. That means a $1,000 down payment can be turned into a $125,000 gamble.

2021年July23日，Eric Lipton, Ephrat Livni，“‘I Feel Conflicted’: Crypto’s Offshore Trading Moguls Talk Shop”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

In such cases where there is a multiple capital structure the factor known as leverage comes into play.

1933年June4日，“Trusts Heartened by Security Rally”, in New York Times:

在設施的高產能利用率下運作時能夠獲得非常高的回報的能力。


lexicographer

來自法語 lexicographe，來自古希臘語 λεξικός (lexikós，“詞語”) + γράφω (gráphō，“書寫”)；可分析為lexico- + -grapher。

/ˌlɛksɪˈkɒɡɹəfə(ɹ)/

Pitt has furnish'd us a word or two / Which lexicographers declined to do.

1811，George Gordon Byron，Hints from Horace:

The best lexicographer may well be content if his productions are received by the world with cold esteem.

1860，Thomas Babington Macaulay，Biographies contributed to the Encyclopædia Britannica:


lexicography

源自 lexico- (表示「言語；詞語」的前綴) + -graphy (表示「關於特定主題的書面內容」的後綴)。

/ˌlɛksɪˈkɒɡɹəfi/

/ˌlɛksɪˈkɑɡɹəfi/

辭書學；編纂和撰述詞典的學問

[T]here are ſeveral Species of Writing, in which a proper Degree of Hebetude is abſolutely neceſſary, as well as in other profeſſions; such as Lexicography, Index-making, and the like; [...]

1735年February22日，“Craftsman, Feb. 22 [Julian calendar]. Nº 451.”, in The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle，卷 V, London: […] Edward Cave, […], 出版於 February 1735, →OCLC，頁 85，列 1:

Let me warn you, therefore, against that fallacious lexicography which forms new words, that undergoing the examination of political slander or intemperate zeal, are considered as having a known acception.—What is the word?—A word that should be discarded, when it is sought to affix to it another meaning than that which it bears in the cases where it is used.

1795年December22日，[John Philpot] Curran (defence counsel)，“612. Trial of James Weldon for High Treason, […]”, in Cobbett’s Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors […]，卷 XXVI, London: […] Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown; [et al.], 出版於 1819, →OCLC，列 267:

[...] I have not only availed myſelf of all the Aſſiſtance which more ancient Sources of Spaniſh Lexicography could afford, but alſo had particular Recourſe to the Dictionary published at Madrid in 1797 and 1798, [...]

1802，Henry Neuman，“Preface”, in A New Dictionary of the Spanish and English Languages; […] In Two Parts，1st part (The Spanish before the English), London: […] Vernor and Hood, […], →OCLC:

There exist different forms of this character, but I think we should not presume to make an etymology of a Chinese character without being authorized by the Shwǒ wǎn, the oldest and most genuine source of Chinese lexicography.

1831，Ying Hing Soo，“Book Second”, in Charles Fried. Neumann [i.e., Karl Friedrich Neumann]（譯者）, History of the Pirates who Infested the China Sea，源自1807 to 1810. […]，London: […] Oriental Translation Fund, […], →OCLC, footnote，頁 54:

Without doubt, the most important single development in learner lexicography from the mid-1970s onwards has been the steadily increasing involvement of the computer at all stages of the dictionary-making process，源自data gathering and analysis at one end, to compilation, production, and revision at the other.

1999，A[nthony] P[aul] Cowie，“The Role of the Computer in Learner Lexicography”, in English Dictionaries for Foreign Learners: A History，Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, section 4.1 (Introduction)，頁 118:

A dictionary, as an art and craft of lexicography, has always been closely associated with the notion of pedagogy.

2013，Amy Chi，“Researching Pedagogical Lexicography”, in The Bloomsbury Companion to Lexicography (Bloomsbury Companions)，London, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Academic, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN，頁 165:

分析和描述某語言詞彙中的語義、組合和範式關係，並發展詞典組件和結構理論、以將詞典中各部分資料聯繫起來的學術學科

But changes of this nature belong to lexicography, as they do not affect the grammatical forms of words.

1828，Moses Stuart，“Changes of Consonants”, in A Grammar of the Hebrew Language，第3rd版, Andover, Mass.: Flagg & Gould, →OCLC, part II (Changes and Peculiarities of Consonants and Verbs), § 105，頁 51:

What the history of language in general teaches, that in course of time, there is less change in form than signification, in grammar than lexicography, is true of the Greek.

1840，Geo. Benedict Winer [i.e., Georg Benedikt Winer]，“§ 4. Grammatical Character of the N.T. Diction.”, in J. H Agnew, O. G. Ebbeke（譯者）, A Grammar of the Idioms of the Greek Language of the New Testament，Philadelphia, Pa.: Herman Hooker, […], →OCLC, part I，頁 37:

If Lexicography in general is that science whose task it is to set forth the nature of every single word of a language through all the periods of its existence, it is the task of Latin lexicography in particular to set forth the nature of every single word of the Latin language, as it makes itself known in all the periods of the existence of that language; or more succinctly expressed, it is the object of Latin lexicography to give the history of every single word of the Latin language.

1845 February，Wilhelm Freund，“Article IV. Principles of Latin Lexicography.”, in T[heodore] D[wight] Woolsey（譯者）, Bibliotheca Sacra and Theological Review，卷 II, 期 V, New York, N.Y., London: Wiley & Putnam; Andover, Mass.: Allen, Morrill and Wardwell, →OCLC, section I (Of the Idea and Elements of Latin Lexicography), § 1，頁 80:

[T]he philologist may well refuse to accept a body of triliteral roots, developed on a highly artificial and uniform plan, as the ultimate fact in Semitic lexicography.

1911年December13日，C. J. Ball，“A Study in Biblical Philology”, in Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archæology，卷 XXXIII, 期 CCXLIX, London: Society of Biblical Archaeology, →OCLC，頁 13:

Academic lexicography, or 'metalexicography', as pursued in university departments of English or Linguistics, is concerned not primarily with the compiling of dictionaries – though academics may be involved in this, as consultants, for example – but with researching and teaching about the whole business of making dictionaries: their history, their typology, their structures, their users, and so on [...].

2002，Howard Jackson，“Criticising Dictionaries”, in Lexicography: An Introduction，London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN，頁 173:

There can be no doubt, that in a general sense a boat is a vessel, for it is "a vehicle in which men or goods are carried on the water," which is one of the definitions of a vessel given in our lexicographies; [...]

1828 October，Joseph Story, Associate Judge of the Supreme Court, William P. Mason (reporter)，“United States vs. an Open Boat and Lading”, in Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Circuit Court of the United States, for the First Circuit，卷 V, Boston, Mass.: Hilliard, Gray, Little, and Wilkins, 出版於 1831, →OCLC，頁 134:

"Air put in motion" is the brief description of the wind in lexicographies; but what a contrast in quality according to its direction; [...]

1855 March，“A Bag of Wind”, in Putnam’s Monthly. A Magazine of Literature, Science, and Art，卷 V, 期 XXVII, New York, N.Y.: Dix & Edwards, […]; London: Sampson Low, Son & Co., →OCLC，頁 251，列 1:

The earliest examples of dictionaries or lexicographies in nearly any culture serve more to regularize and standardize the lexicon than to list or inventory it, and as such would tend to take as their object textual rather than spoken language.

1998，Christopher Leigh Connery，“Textual Authority and Textual Practice”, in The Empire of the Text: Writing and Authority in Early Imperial China，Lanham, Md., Oxford, Oxfordshire: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, →ISBN，頁 37:


lobster

繼承自中古英語 loppestere、lopster，來自古英語 loppestre (“龍蝦，像蜘蛛的生物”)，源頭不確定。有些人認為是拉丁語 lō̆custa (“蚱蜢，蝗蟲”)訛變 + 古英語陰性代理後綴-estre。在拉丁語短語lō̆custa marīna（字面意思為「海蚱蜢」）用來表示一種甲殼動物（蝦子或龍蝦）。
或者是來自古英語 lobbe、loppe (“蜘蛛”) + 古英語陰性代理後綴-estre，等同於lop + -ster。

lobster mushroom (Hypomyces lactifluorum)

Some get shit and some get lobster
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1991, Markus Grosskopf, "Shit and Lobster", Helloween, Pink Bubbles Go Ape.

澳大利亞的二十元紙幣，其顏色為橘紅色


liberticide

借自法語 liberticide，大約於法國大革命時期創造。等價於 liberty + -cide。

All that has been done by the state since the revolt of May is liberticide of the most violent character.

1819, “Ouida” (pseudonym), “An Impeachment of Modern Italy”, in The American Monthly Review of Reviews, Volume 18, Number 5 (1819 November), page 557:

In the hands of a designing executive, a standing army was the classic instrument of liberticide.

1976, Lance Banning, “Jeffersonian Ideology and the French Revolution: A Question of Liberticide at Home”, in Studies in Burke and His Time, Volume 17, Number 1, Texas Tech Press, page 20:

In language and logic we are the prisoners of our premises, just as in politics and law we are prisoners of our rules. Hence we had better pick them well. For if suicide is an illness because it terminates in death, and if the prevention of death by any means necessary is the physician’s therapeutic mandate, then the proper remedy for suicide is liberticide.

1981, Thomas Szasz, quoted in Margot Joan Fromer, Ethical Issues in Health Care, Mosby, ISBN 9780801617287, page 399:


moment of inertia

The moment of inertia of a rigid body is a quantity that determines the torque needed for a given angular acceleration about a given rotational axis, analogous to how mass determines the force needed for a given acceleration.

The moments of inertia of a heterogeneous body whose boundary is a surface of uniform density may sometimes be found by the method of differentiation.

1882，Edward John Routh，The Elementary Part of a Treatise on the Dynamics of a System of Rigid Bodies，第4th版, MacMillan & Co.，頁 10:

Consequently, the moment of inertia of a body relative to any axis can be found when that for the parallel axis through its centre of gravity is known.

1884，Benjamin Williamson，An Elementary Treatise on the Integral Calculus，第4th版, Appleton and Company，頁 292:

Stresses due to vertical shearing forces also depend on moment of inertia and are discussed in Chapter 8.
Some mathematicians and stress analysts use the term second moment of area instead of moment of inertia. That term is, in fact, more descriptive of the definition of this property in the following discussion.

2007，Robert L. Mott，Applied Strength of Materials，第5th版, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press)，頁 323:


torque

借自拉丁語 torqueō (“扭轉”)。


torque

源自法語 torque，源自古法語，源自拉丁語 torquis；或直接借自拉丁語 torquēs（參見早期英語 torques）。

單扭項鏈（一般由金屬製作，早期歐洲人的飾品）


dynamic viscosity

[化学]动力黏度，動態黏度；動力黏滯性


potential energy

[電機工程]势能；位能；[電子計算機]電位能


moribund

/ˈmɔːɹɪbʌnd/


morning

forget to take one's medication this morning

sure as the sun is going to come up tomorrow morning

sure as the sun is going to rise tomorrow morning


marauder

/məˈɹɔːdə(ɹ)/

(流動作案的) 強盜、搶劫者

a band of marauders

到處搶劫、掠食的人或動物


machete

音頻（美式，北加利福尼亞）


naturism

/ˈneɪ.t͡ʃəɹˌɪz.əm/


memo

部分結果的記錄，不用重新計算便可重複使用。


noel

noël (alternative)
nowell (alternative)
nowel (alternative)
noels (plural)


naevus

借自拉丁語 naevus。


kraken

Kraken的另一種寫法


mortuary

/ˈmɔɹt͡ʃəˌwɛɹi/

/ˈmɔːt͡ʃʊəɹi/

/ˈmɔːt͡ʃwəɹi/


mite

來自中古英語 mite (“螨”)，來自古英語 mīte (“螨，小蟲”)，來自原始日耳曼語 *mītǭ (“咬人的蟲”)，來自*maitaną (“切，割”)，來自原始印歐語 *mey- (“小的”) 或 *mai- (“切，割”)。與古高地德語 mīza (“螨”)、中古荷蘭語 mīte (“蛾，螨”)、荷蘭語 mijt (“蛾，螨”)、丹麥語 mide (“螨”)同族。

英格蘭過去流通的一種小硬幣，面值約等於三分之一法尋

One mite wrung from the lab'rer's hands
Shall buy and sell the miser's lands;

1803，威廉·布萊克William Blake，Auguries of Innocence:

公元前後使用於巴勒斯坦的一種小硬幣

很輕的質量；十二分之一格令

(有時作副詞) 很小的事物/質量，少量

"Well," I says, "I cal'late a body could get used to Tophet if he stayed there long enough." She flared up; the least mite of a slam at Doctor Wool was enough to set her going.

1913，Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln，章號 V, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients，New York, N.Y., London: D. Appleton and Company, →OCLC, →OL; 再版 New York, N.Y., London: D. Appleton and Company, 1914, →OCLC，頁s 124–125:

"Silas, now," Esther Whitley had said, "would be a good one for you, Hannah. He's a mite on the old side, but he's steady, an' he's been wed before. He knows the ways of a woman better'n some."

1956，Janice Holt Giles，章號 8, in Hannah Fowler，Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, →OCLC; 再版 Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky, 1992, →ISBN，頁 69:

Those trousers are a mite too big, but you'll soon grow into them.

1959，Frances Cavanah，Abe Lincoln Gets His Chance，Chicago, Ill.: Rand McNally, →OCLC; Abe Lincoln Gets His Chance (ReadHowYouWant Classics Library)，第EasyRead large版, U.S.A.: ReadHowYouWant, 2008, →ISBN，頁 30:

小壞蛋；愛搗蛋者，或惹人憐者

“Tom told me that, but twasn't your fault, the little mite just couldn't wait to be born that's all.” A small smile played on Leah's lips.

2014，Lorraine F Elli，The Little Town Mouse:


kroner

The Norwegian government said 1.25 billion kroner, or $186 million (U.S.), worth of Barrick stock and 249 million kroner ($67 million) worth of Textron stock was sold quietly ahead of the announcement to avoid influencing the market.

挪威政府表示，為了避免影響市場，在公告前已悄悄出售了價值 12.5 億克朗，即 1.86 億美元的巴里克股票和價值 2.49 億克朗（6700 萬美元）的德事隆股票。

2009年January31日，“Norway sheds stock of Barrick, Textron”, in Toronto Star:


mitochondria

Muscles contain many mitochondria so that they can have large energy supplies.

肌肉含有許多粒線體，因此可以提供大量的能量。


mitochondria

mitochondria (plural)
mitochondrias (plural)

The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.

粒線體是細胞的動力來源。


marijuana

來自墨西哥西班牙語 marihuana，來自mariguana。最早見於1894年，起源不确定。有一種民間詞源說法認為是受專有名詞 María Juana (“Mary Jane”) 的影響。

marihuana (alternative)
marijuanas (plural)

/ˌmɛɹɪˈwɑ.nə/

/ˌmæɹɪˈwɑː.nə/

After smoking a bowl of that fine marijuana, they ate some brownies.

吸完一碗上好的大麻之後，他們吃了點巧克力布朗尼。

Exactly. Marijuana is something we just all gradually decided is okay, like Mark Wahlberg as a serious actor. “You know what? Sure, I’ve decided I’m fine with that.”

確實如此。大麻這種東西，我們現在都已經逐漸可以接受了，就像馬克·華伯格逐漸成長為入流演員一樣。“你知道嗎？當然，我已經肯定我能接受了。”

2017年April2日，“Marijuana”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver，季数 4, 集数 7, John Oliver (actor), 經由 HBO:


marimba

借自葡萄牙語 marimba，經由一種班圖語支語言，可能是金邦杜語 marimba (“木琴”)。

The default ringtone for your iPhone is a marimba sound, but if you'd like to change it, start at the Home screen, then tap on the Settings icon.

iPhone 的默认铃声是马林巴琴声，但如果您想更改它，请先转到主屏幕，然后点击“设置”图标。

2009，Scott Kelby, Terry White，The iPhone Book, Third Edition (Covers iPhone 3GS, iPhone 3G, and iPod Touch)，Peachpit Press, →ISBN:


neoplasty

通过肉芽组织形成，粘连性炎症或自体成形术来修复某一部位


kummerbund

All this splendor was set off by a black shawl kummerbund, and blackish upper vest of the cloth called keem-khab, embroidered with large gold leaves. The vest was made like those of all other Mahomedans, but the lower part of it stuck out as you see painted in Indian prints, and altogether destroyed his figure; and the kummerbund was large and heavy.

1809年March6日，“Embassy to Cabul, No. II. Description of the Introduction to His Majesty the King of Cabul, of the British Attendants on Mr. Elphinstone, in His Embassy to the King of that Country.”, in The Literary Panorama，卷 VIII, London: Printed by Cox, Son, and Baylis, […], for C. Taylor, […], 出版於 November 1810, →OCLC，列 1329:


mixologist

bartender

調酒師 （自1856年）

調酒師 （自1856年）

By the way, the difference between a bartender and a mixologist can be confusing, but normally a bartender serves the patrons at a sit-down style bar, where a mixologist would usually work at a very busy service-style bar.

1999，Bob Emmons，The Book of Gins and Vodkas: A Complete Guide，頁 63:

But now we see a split in the mixed-drink community. On one hand, cool bars and star mixologists are lauded and awarded as never before. On the other, booze brands are rushing to develop pre-mixed beverages for a burgeoning Ready to Drink (RTD) market.

2022年July4日，Ben Schott，“Is There Anything That Gen Z Won’t Drink?”, in The Washington Post:


nametag

名牌（写有某人名字的标签、标牌）

Here's your nametag for the business conference.

这是您参加商务会议的名牌。

We'd better put nametags in the children's school uniforms, in case they get mixed up.

我们最好在孩子们的校服上放上名牌，以防混淆。


kvass

借自俄語 квас (kvas)。

She […] talked constantly, mostly of her childhood, the young ladies’ school she had attended, and the pleasures of Kiev in the summertime.
“Days are long and hot, but nights are languorous and starlit. People refresh themselves in their flower gardens and some walk in the parks, drink kvass and lemonade, and listen to the symphonies […]”

她滔滔不绝地说着，话题多是她的童年时光、曾就读的女子学校，以及基辅夏日的欢愉。
“白昼漫长炎热，夜晚却慵懒而星光璀璨。人们在自家花园纳凉，或漫步公园，饮着克瓦斯与柠檬水，聆听着交响乐……”

1966，Bernard Malamud，章號 2, in The Fixer:


nepenthes

:出自新拉丁语 Nepenthes ("忘忧")，出自拉丁语 nēpenthes ("忘忧")，出自古希腊语 νηπενθής (nēpenthḗs, "忘忧")。
本意“忘忧之物”，出自古希腊诗人荷马(Ὅμηρος)所作的《奥德赛》("ΟΔΥΣΣΕΙΑ")。后由植物学家卡尔·林奈(Carl Linnaeus)借用作为典故为一类植物命名(最先命名的模式种为“Nepenthes distillatoria”)。


nephelometer

來自古希臘語 νεφέλη (nephélē，“cloud”) + -meter。

用於測量流體（尤指膠體）中懸浮顆粒的各個方面的儀器。


mock-up

大約1915–1920年，mock up (動詞) 的動詞派生詞，仿造法語 maquette的詞。

The second-class accommodation shown in mock-up at last year's Railway Design exhibition in London was open saloon, but there is still nagging concern that the public has expressed a clear preference for compartments.

1964 February，“British Railways' passenger plans”, in Modern Railways，頁 73:

A full-size mock-up carriage of a Liverpool City Region Class 777, built as a part of the design process, has been transferred to the National College for Advanced Transportation & Infrastructure (NCATI) in Doncaster, to be used as a teaching aid.

2022年January12日，“News in pictures: Liverpool carriage goes to college”, in RAIL，期 948，頁 20:

I knew that the software was a mock up and as such it would require the team at least half an hour to put together the components before I could proceed.

2018，Dr Low Lee Yong，I Dare to Dream - Making Possible the Impossible:

This 5mm square grid notebook is great to use for diagrams, mock-ups, designs, everyday use, notes, calculations, lists, doodling, musings or other creativity projects.

2019，Squared Grid Notebook: Square Grid Notebook/Journal，Elite Blank Books:


marmot

來自中古法語 marmote，來自古法語 marmotaine、marmontaine、murmontain，來自古法蘭克-普羅旺斯語 marmotan，來自通俗拉丁語 *mures montani，來自拉丁語 mus monti (“山鼠”)，來自古典拉丁語 mus alpini；與恩加丁羅曼什語 murmont、古高地德語 muremunto（方言德語 Murmentel，標準語Murmeltier）等同族。


mockup

mock-up的另一種拼寫法。


nightingale

:出自古英语 nihtgale，即 niht ("夜晚") + gale ("歌唱")。


nightmare

一种传说中的雌性妖怪，可进入人的梦境中，施以妖法使人产生窒息感并做噩梦(即鬼压床)。梦魔，梦魇，魇。

噩梦。非常糟糕而且吓人的梦境。

恐怖的经历，恐怖的事情。


nightshade

(植物学) 夜影属，茄属。


nilpotent

來自nil (“沒有任何”) + potent (“有冪”)，字面意義即「有零冪次」。兩個字根分別來自拉丁語 nil 和 potens。由美國數學家本傑明·皮爾斯（Benjamin Peirce）於1870年與idempotent一起創造，使用於結合代數等領域。

The so-called spinor algebra of C(2), the language of the quantum mechanics, is formulated in terms of the idempotents and nilpotents of the geometric algebra of space, including its beautiful representation on the Riemann sphere, and a new proof of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

2015，Garret Sobczyk，“Part I: Vector Analysis of Spinors”, in arXiv:


masochist

源自19世紀奧地利作家利奧波德·馮·薩克-馬索克（Leopold von Sacher-Masoch） + -ist。

被虐狂，受虐狂（從傷害自己或被他人傷害當中得到性愉悅的人）


madder

來自中古英語 mader、madere、mædere，來自古英語 mædere、mæddre、mædre，來自原始日耳曼語 *madarǭ（對照瑞典語 madra、古諾爾斯語 / 冰島語 maðra），來自原始印歐語 *modʰro-，與原始斯拉夫語 *modrъ (“藍色”)同源，和對照愛爾蘭語 madar (“茜草”)、拉脫維亞語 madara (“茜草”)。

common madder (Rubia cordifolia, Rubia tinctorum)

茜草的根，可藥用或染色用

madder：

Her big head has coloured to a dim and dreadful madder.


madder

來自愛爾蘭語 meadar。

mether的棄用形式。

Usequebaugh to our feast - In pails was brought up,

c.1720 Jonathan Swift (translation from the Irish) "O'Rourke's Feast":


neighbour

来自中古英語 neyghebour，neighebor，neighbour，neihebur，来自古英語 nēahġebūr (“邻居”)，来自原始日耳曼語 *nēhwagabūrô (“邻居”)，等价于nigh + bower。与低地蘇格蘭語 nichbour (“邻居”)、薩特弗里斯蘭語 Noaber (“邻居”)、荷蘭語 nabuur (“邻居”)、德國低地德語 Navur (“邻居”)、德語 Nachbar (“邻居”)、丹麥語 nabo (“邻居”)、挪威語 nabo (“邻居”)、冰島語 nábúi (“邻居”)同源。详见nigh、bower (“农民”)。

我向邻居借了一些糖来做蛋糕。

I borrowed some sugar from my neighbour to make a cake.


madison

* (自行車)： 以此類賽事最早舉辦地，紐約的麥迪遜廣場花園（Madison Square Garden）命名。
* (舞蹈)： 以紐約麥迪遜大道（Madison Avenue）命名。

麥迪遜賽，場地自行車的其中一個比賽項目。

一種流行於20世紀50年代後期至60年代中期的排舞。


massacre

村莊的大屠殺讓許多家庭陷入了絕望之中。

The massacre at the village left many families devastated.


masseur

You each get a regular massage by a naked masseur.

你们每人都会受到一位裸体按摩师的常规按摩。


masseuse

同類詞：masseur

Oh! I'm a masseuse. I give people massages and stuff.
哦！我是按摩师。我给人按摩之类的。

He was a great masseuse.

2003，Helena B. Rich., L. C. S. W. Helena B. Rich，The Art of Masturdating: A Guidebook for Single Heterosexuals，iUniverse, →ISBN，頁 103:

He was a good masseuse, and could always make Jez relax.

他是一名出色的按摩师，总是能让杰兹放松下来。

2012，Penny Dixon，Betrayed，Troubador Publishing Ltd, →ISBN，頁 57:

Waited, got up, opened the door and saw the masseuse playing backgammon. Told him I was ready, didn't know what for. He waved me away, and I returned to the slab. By the time he came in, a mustached masseuse was sponging down a German woman on the opposite side of the marble; her husband sat on the perimeter watching (this was not a traditional hamam).

1998，Bad Subjects Production Team，Bad Subjects: Political Education for Everyday Life，NYU Press, →ISBN:

Just less than a week ago, he'd said he'd tell Peter's parents, his school, the press, that Peter was an erotic masseuse.
就在不到一周前，他说他会告诉彼得的父母、学校和媒体，彼得是一名色情按摩师。

year unknown, Jamie Lake, BOOK 4 - Bad Boy: Naughty at Night: Bad Boy | Gay Romance MM Boyfriend Series, Jamie Lake

In most massages, both the male masseuse and the female client are naked and the focus is on erogenous zones.

在大多数按摩中，男按摩师和女顾客都是裸体的，按摩的重点是性感区。

2011，Mark D West，Lovesick Japan: Sex Marriage, Romance, Law，頁 152:


microsecond

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-microsceond.wav

He'd be on her ass in a microsecond, revoke her letters testamentary, they'd call her names, proclaim her through all Orange County as a redistributionist and pinko, slip the old man from Warpe, Wistfull, Kubitschek and McMingus in as administrator de bonis non and so much baby for code, constellations, shadow-legatees.

1966 March，Thomas Pynchon，章號 6, in The Crying of Lot 49，New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, 出版於 November 1976, →ISBN，頁 136:

The data word processor 606 handles the in-flow and out-flow of byte-oriented input/output data and interleaved signals at a rate of, for example, 500 kilobytes per second. Instruction processing rates of four to eight per microsecond are required for such a data flow.

1969，Harold R. Dell，HIGH-DENSITY PERMANENT DATA STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM，US Patent 3638185:

O₂^(•−) and OH^• are highly unstable (half-life at the level of microseconds and nanoseconds, respectively) and cannot cross membrane, while H₂O₂, though not a free radical but a ROS, is relatively stable (half-life around 1 ms) (Møller et al. 2007) and can cross membranes through aquaporins.

2015，Rup Kumar Kar，“ROS Signaling: Relevance with Site of Production and Metabolism of ROS”, in Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Damage in Plants Under Stress，Springer, →ISBN，頁 117:


muffle

來自中古英語 muflen (“包裹”)，盎格魯-諾曼語 amoufler的語頭音消失，來自古法語 enmoufler (“纏繞，包裹”)，來自moufle (“連指手套”)，來自中世紀拉丁語 muffula (“暖手筒”)，日耳曼語族的原型 (— C.E.817年首次在Capitulary of Aachen所紀錄)，來自古法蘭克語 *muffël (“套，包裹，信封”)來自*mauwa (“套子，包裹”) (來自原始日耳曼語 *mawwō (“套子”)) + *vël (“外皮，皮革”) (來自原始日耳曼語 *fellą (“外皮，薄膜，羊毛”)。另一個詞源將中世紀拉丁語一詞追溯到古法蘭克語 *molfell (“柔軟皮革製成的衣服”)，來自*mol (“柔軟，軟化”) (與古高地德語 molawēn (“軟化”), 中古高地德語 molwic (“軟”), 英語 mulch同族) + *fell (“皮革，皮膚”)。

任何能使聲音變啞或安靜的東西。

N.B.—Mr Broughton proposes, with proper assistance, to open an academy at his house in the Haymarket, for the instruction of those who are willing to be initiated in the mystery of boxing: […] muffles are provided, that will effectually secure them from the inconveniency of black eyes, broken jaws, and bloody noses.

1749，Henry Fielding，The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:

一個窯或爐，通常用電，沒有直接火焰

裝在反芻動物的鼻孔之間的物體

Between the two pulleys c, c¹, and around the shaft a, is a muffle d, which receives at both ends the rounded heads of three, four, five, or more screws f, which act as levers. The levers are formed of a right and lefthanded screw, f, and f¹. The two screws are united together by means of a nut g, so that, by turning it, they are lengthened or shortened. The heads of the upper screws f¹, act upon the blocks e, e¹, contained in boxes supported by the plates h, h¹, through the centre of which passes the shaft a. These plates h, h¹, are fixed on the shaft a; they are of a smaller diameter than the inside of the pulleys c, c¹; their object is to keep the blocks e, e¹, from twisting.
By moving the muffle d, to the left, the levers or screws f, f, will force the blocks e, to bear against the inside of the pulley c, placed on that side. The motion of this pulley will cause the muffle d, and consequently the shaft a, to revolve. By pushing the muffle d, on the opposite side, the blocks e, will depress the pulley c, and the blocks e¹, will bear against the pulley c¹, the band of which being crossed, will cause the shaft a, to revolve in a reverse direction.
This shaft being furnished with a pinion, will transmit to a toothed wheel or rack, a motion in both directions at the desired instant, since it is only necessary to give the muffle d, a lateral movement from right to left, or from left to right, by means of a fork which acts on the part b.
By placing the muffle d, half way between the two pullies c, and c¹, the blocks e, and e¹, will release the said pullies, and the shaft a, will be motionless.
The patentee claims, ”the characteristic principle of the mechanical combination herein described, applicable to all cases where it may be useful, by varying the shapes or dimensions according to the power of the machines to which they may be applied.”

1858，Newton's London Journal of Arts and Sciences. New Series，卷 7，頁 26:


nasalization

nasalisation (alternative)
nasalizations (plural)

eclipsis

詞首的變音，表現為清輔音濁化、濁塞音變為鼻音化輔音、元音前加鼻音化輔音

詞首的變音，表現為清輔音濁化、濁塞音變為鼻音化輔音、元音前加鼻音化輔音


mugwort

來自中古英語 mugwort、mugwyrt、mucgwurt，來自古英語 mucgwyrt、mucwyrt等，來自原始日耳曼語；可能對應midge + wort。與地域性的低地德語 muggart、mugwurz同源。

mugworts (plural)
mogwort (alternative)
mogworte (alternative)
mucgwurt (alternative)
muggeworte (alternative)
mugwourth (alternative)
mugwurt (alternative)
mugwyrt (alternative)

蒿屬，原產於歐洲和亞洲的幾種芳香植物中的任一屬（Artemisia）

Mugwort is with good success put among other herbs that are boiled, for women to sit over the hot decoction to draw down their courses, to help the delivery of the birth and expel the afterbirth, as also for the obstructions and inflammations of the mother.

1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, Folio Society 2007, p. 197:


mulberry

來自中古英語 Mulbery、molberye、murberie，部分來自古英語 mōrberġe (“桑”)和中古低地德語 mulbere (“桑”)。對照荷蘭語 moerbezie、moerbei (“桑”)、德語 Maulbeere (“桑”)。

Different qualities of the Mulberry. Among the different species of the Mulberry, it is ascertained that the Italian, (Morus italica) is eaten by the silk worm, with eager appetite. It's fruit is very small, and of a pale rose colour.

1837, Luigi Tinelli, Hints on the Cultivation of the Mulberry, with Some General Observations on the Production of Silk, page 39:

You can also make good jam with mulberries, and they taste great cooked or mixed together with other fruits. Mulberries are rich in sugar with moderate amounts of vitamin C. Their rich colours are a sign that they contain high levels of […]

2010, Geoff Stebbings, Growing Your Own Fruit and Veg For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons (ISBN 9781119992233)

深紫色和紅色之間的色調。

mulberry：


nitrobacterium

源自 nitro- + bacterium 或 Nitrobacter + -ium。


nonreusable

不可重複使用的材料或物品


masurium

Masuria (“馬祖里亞”) + -ium，名稱來自瓦尔特·诺达克的祖籍，他在1925年發現這種元素的存在。


normalization

[ˌnoː.məˌlɑɪˈzæɪ.ʃn̩]


magnifico

magnificos (plural)
magnificoes (plural)


magnum

:< 拉丁語 magnum （“大的”）。

（容量为1.5升的葡萄酒）大酒瓶，大瓶


neuropsychology

由此揭示的事實，或由此產生的知識體系。


maidenhead

maydenhead (alternative)
maidenheads (plural)

Put in but little Silver or Gold, for if you do, you quite spoil the Compoſition ; but inſtead thereof, add of Tradeſmens Bills for Cloaths, to the Value of 100 l. [¶] Laſtly, Take away the Girl's Maidenhead, and then the Compoſition is fit for Uſe.

1713，Sir John Willes，The Speech that was Intended to Have Been Spoken by the Terræ-Filius: In the Theatre at O----d, July 13, 1713, Had Not His Mouth Been Stopp'd by the V. Ch------r:

Gallants, a bashful poet bids me say,
He's come to lose his maidenhead to-day.
Be not too fierce; for he's but green of age,
And ne'er, till now, debauch'd upon the stage.

1760，John Dryden，The Miscellaneous Works: Containing All His Original Poems, Tales, and Translations，頁 367:

My lord,[…]/ I brought you nothing else it may be said / But faith and nakedness and maidenhead.

1951，Geoffrey Chaucer，Nevill Coghill, transl.，The Canterbury Tales: Translated into Modern English (Penguin Classics)，Penguin Books, 出版於 1977，頁 363:

She prayed to Pallas, and by her help escaped from him in the form of a crow, rejoicing more to keep her maidenhead white under the blackness of the feathers than to lose it and be adorned with the fairest pearls.

1900，John Gower，The English Works of John Gower:

So the reference to the plucking of the ginger flower is again an indirect allusion to the taking of the girl's maidenhead .

1995，Ruth H. Finnegan，Margaret Orbell，Reader in Maori Head of Department of Maori Margaret Orbell，South Pacific Oral Traditions，Indiana University Press, →ISBN，頁 70:

The gender reversals that pervade this play continue mischievously in the man's maidenhead being the undisclosed secret.

2004，Yu Jin Ko，Mutability and Division on Shakespeare's Stage，頁 70:

“[…] He said that Katheryn told him he should have her maidenhead, though it be painful to her. I told him to be gone with his empty promises of marriage. But I doubt not that Mr. Mannox has known her intimately.”

2004，Margaret Doner，Merlin's Handbook for Seekers and Starseeds，iUniverse, →ISBN，頁 94:

[…] a young virgin makes an even trade of her maidenhead for a hat that she desires. She negotiates with the haberdasher, who originally stipulated for her maidenhead plus a crown […]

2006，C. Harol，Enlightened Virginity in Eighteenth-Century Literature，Springer, →ISBN，頁 87:

The penis imagery becomes apparent: the nails are 'blunt' and 'large', designed to push through the fair skin in body parts (feet, hands) that had earlier been described in erotically-charged language. As if losing his maidenhead, Christ's body 'bursts' when entered, bringing forth a gush of blood that mars his white (womanly) skin.

2009，The Milieu and Context of the Wooing Group，頁 141:

Almost immediately afterwards, Scanlan discovered that the marriage was legal; Ellie was his wife. He began to feel that he had paid an exceptionally high price for his maidenhead.


maidenhood

來自中古英語 maydenhode、meidenhod、maȝdenhad，來自古英語 mæġdenhād (“處女時代”)，等同於maiden + -hood。


mailbox

郵箱，存儲收發電子郵件的地址


neutrino

由義大利的物理學家恩里科·费米在1933造出，源自 neutron + 意大利語 小稱後綴 -ino。

But researchers at the CERN lab near Geneva claim they have recorded neutrinos, a type of tiny particle, travelling faster than the barrier of 186,282 miles (299,792 kilometres) per second.

2011年September22日，Nick Collins，“Speed of light 'broken' by scientists”, in Daily Telegraph:


maintainability

可修護性；可維持性；可堅持性


mayhem

:< 中古英語 mayme、mahaime < 盎格魯-諾曼語 mahaim（“残伤”） < 古法語 mahaign（“身体的残伤，缺肢”） < < 原始日耳曼语 *maidijanan （“使残废，使受伤”）（对比中古高地德語 meidem、meiden（“阉割的马”）、古諾爾斯語 meiða（“使受伤”）、哥特语 maidjan（“更改、伪造”））， < 原始印欧语 *mei （“变化，更改”）。 另见 mad。


messenger

源自中古英語 messengere、messingere、messangere，源自古法語 messanger，古法語 messagier（對比現代法語 messager）的變體，等同於message + -er。messager 的同源對似詞。
代替本土的古英語 boda (“信使，使者”) 和 ǣrendraca (“信使，特使”)。
至於 -ager 被 -enger、-inger、-anger代替的現象，對比passenger、harbinger、scavenger、porringer。這樣做可能只添加了一個 n，或可能是與其他後綴，如中古英語 -ing的混淆。對比古法語 -ange、-enc、-inge、-inghe (對應英語的 -ing) 與 古法語 -age (對應英語的 -age) 的關係。

根據破產或清償相關法律，執行部分職責（如破產者財產）的人

The Messenger under the joint Commission of Bankruptcy might have seized the Whole, if they had remained in their Warehouse

James Burrow，Reports of Cases Adjudged in the Court of King's Bench:

Have them meet you on your favorite messenger program. IMs provide a means of instant chat without waiting on someone to respond back to you.

2010, Tim Collins, A Woman's Guide to Internet Dating, A Male Perspective (page 49)

一種較輕的線，可以用來拖動較重的線（如從甲板到碼頭）

繫在繩上，用來關閉南森瓶的重物


mayonnaise

非同化借詞，源自法語 mayonnaise，可能以梅諾卡島的 Maó (西班牙語為 Mahón) 市命名，該食譜就是從那裡傳回法國的。對比西班牙語 mahonesa。其他建議的起源包括貝雲市（bayonnaise）；馬耶訥公爵和法語中的單字 manier (“處理”) 或古法語中的 moyeu（即蛋黃）。

Mayonnaise (alternative)
mayonnaises (plural)

由植物油、生蛋黃、醋或檸檬汁和調味料製成的調味品，用於沙拉、炸薯條、三明治等。

There are 250 foods, including mayonnaise, cheese and cocoa, that don't list ingredients at all.

有 250 種食品根本沒有列出成分，包括蛋黃醬、起司和可可。

The FDA's original intent for foods included under "standards of identity" ensured that terms like "mayonnaise" or "ice cream” would guarantee the same basic ingredients required in the government-established recipe no matter who manufactured it.

FDA 對納入「身分標準」的食品的初衷是確保「蛋黃醬」或「冰淇淋」等名稱無論由誰生產，都能保證其基本成分符合政府制定的配方。

1975，Irma S. Rombauer, Marion Rombauer Becker，Joy of Cooking，頁 7:

I grew up thinking that the blue and white Miracle Whip salad dressing jar in the fridge held the same substance the rest of the world knew as mayonnaise. / Now I know that mayonnaise is something entirely different.

我從小就認為冰箱裡藍白相間的 Miracle Whip 沙拉醬罐裡裝的就是世界上其他地方所熟知的蛋黃醬。 / 現在我知道蛋黃醬是完全不同的東西。

The oils in store-bought mayonnaise range from olive oil to sunflower oil to safflower oil and some less desirable oils!

商店購買的蛋黃醬所含的油種類繁多，從橄欖油到葵花籽油、紅花油，甚至還有一些不太理想的油！

2008，Jan McCracken，The Everything Lactose Free Cookbook:

Most store-bought mayonnaise contains ingredients (vinegar, lemonjuice, and salt) that actually slow bacterial growth

大多數商店購買的蛋黃醬都含有可以減緩細菌生長的成分（醋、檸檬汁和鹽）

2012，Marie A. Boyle, Sara Long Roth，Personal Nutrition:

任何以該調味料為原料的冷菜。

We served a lobster mayonnaise as a starter.

我們提供了龍蝦蛋黃醬作為開胃菜。

任何乳霜，例如用於保濕臉部或調理頭髮的乳霜，其基礎成分都是蛋黃和油。

hair mayonnaise

facial mayonnaise

They include cider vinegar, two pre-shampoo products, shampoo, conditioner, hair mayonnaise, oil, leave-in conditioner, end protector, revitalising styling spray and filtered water.

它們包括蘋果醋、兩種洗髮前產品、洗髮精、護髮素、髮絲乳霜、油、免沖洗護髮素、髮梢保護劑、活力造型噴霧和過濾水。

2016，Emma Tarlo，Entanglement: The Secret Lives of Hair，Oneworld Publications, →ISBN:

Then I implemented a lighter protein conditioner – such as hair mayonnaise, which I learned about from my cousin Renee – for the off weeks. I used this hidden gem in combination with olive oil (yes, I bought a kitchen bottle of olive oil – the same kind my grandmother used in every single delicious dish she ever cooked – strictly for use in my hair).

然後，我在休息的幾周里使用了更輕的蛋白質護髮素 - 例如頭髮乳霜，這是我從表妹蕾妮那裡學到的。我將這種藏宝與橄欖油混合使用（是的，我買了一瓶廚房橄欖油 - 和我祖母在她做的每道美味佳餚中都用到的一樣 - 專門用於我的頭髮）。

2010，Rhea E. Santangelo，Grow It Girl! How I Took My Hair from Broken to Beautiful，Lulu.com, →ISBN，頁 26:

Rancey and our coach, Damien Hardwick, still both joke that "Dimma" tried to off-load him for a sixpack of beers and a bucket of chips in his first few years, but I think they both put some mayonnaise on the story these days.

蘭西和我們的教練達米安哈德威克仍然開玩笑說，「迪瑪」在他最初的幾年裡試圖用六罐啤酒和一桶薯片來打發他，但我認為他們現在都在這個故事上加了一些誇大的成分。

2017年March2日，Trent Cotchin，“Alex Rance is one of the most competitive humans that has walked the planet, writes Trent Cotchin”, in Herald Sun，Melbourne，存檔自the original on 2024-06-22:

If he had a reputation among supporters of playing for free kicks he wasn't aware of it and no one from the AFL or coaches spoke to him specifically about changing his style. But he admits, he would "put some mayonnaise" on top of what defenders had done to him to ensure the umpires were aware of what was happening.

如果他在支持者中以踢自由球而聞名，他並沒有意識到這一點，也沒有 AFL 的人或教練專門與他談過改變他的風格。但他承認，他會在防守球員對他的行為上“誇張”一些，以確保裁判知道發生了什麼。

2020年August27日，Peter Ryan，“The (football) world is a stage, and players think umpires should police it”, in The Age，Melbourne:


monometallism

单本位制（只使用單一金屬作爲本位貨幣的貨幣制度）。


millennium

源自晚期拉丁語 mīllennium，源自拉丁語 mīllennis (“一千年”) + -ium (“形成抽象名詞”)。


nougat

源自法語 nougat，源自奧克語 nogat，源自noga (“堅果”)，源自拉丁語 nux (“堅果”)。對比西班牙語 nuégado。


millicurie

毫居里 （放射性單位，等於千分之一居里，符號為mCi）


maladministration

/ˌmælədˌmɪnɪˈstɹeɪʃn̩/

/ˌmælədˌmɪnəˈstɹeɪʃən/


nozzle

中空容器（如蒸汽机汽缸或蒸汽锅炉）的末端或侧面伸出的短管


nub

(网络俚俗语) 菜鸟，小白，新手。


millisecond

We live our lives in three dimensions for our threescore and ten allotted years. Yet every branch of contemporary science, from statistics to cosmology, alludes to processes that operate on scales outside of human experience: the millisecond and the nanometer, the eon and the light-year.

我们七十年的人生都在三维空间中度过。然而，从统计学到宇宙学，当代科学的每个分支，都涉及着超越人类经验尺度的运作过程：毫秒、纳米、永恒、光年。

2012年January20日，Robert L. Dorit，“Rereading Darwin”, in American Scientist，卷 100, 期 1，存檔自the original on 2012-11-14，頁 23:

The suggestion that pulsars were rotating neutron stars was put forth independently by Thomas Gold and Franco Pacini in 1968, and was soon proven beyond reasonable doubt by the discovery of a pulsar with a very short (33-millisecond) pulse period in the Crab nebula.ᵂ

1968年，托马斯·戈尔德和弗兰科·帕西尼分别独立提出了脉冲星是旋转中子星的观点，这一观点很快通过在蟹状星云中发现一颗脉冲周期非常短（33毫秒）的脉冲星而得到毫无疑问的证实。


meatball

球狀的絞肉或肉團，經過調味和烹飪。

Meatballs may contain ground meat mixed with seasonings, breadcrumbs, mashed potatoes, rice, and liquid. The meat mixture is often shaped, browned. and simmered in a sauce for 30 to 45 minutes over low heat or in a 350° F. oven. During cooking the meat is basted with the sauce occasionally. Meatballs also may be fried in a pan or in deep fat.

I prefer spaghetti with meatballs instead the meat all crumbled in with the sauce.

1996: Mrs. Miracle. Debbie Macomber. Pg. 101.

容易擊打的球（尤指直接扔到壘下的球）

And then. A 98.4 fastball on the inside half of the plate, ring him up, Strike 3, game over. It wasn’t a meatball like Terrence Long watched to finish 2003 ALDS Game 5, but it felt the same.

2020: "Oakland A’s faced all their nightmares in Game 3 and wrote a new ending" by Alex Hall, Athletics Nation

During a pitching deck recovery a pilot must average out the meatball oscillations at the ramp in an attempt to maintain his airplane on the desired glide slope.


muscularity

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-muscularity.wav

The muscularity in his forearm was visible as he flexed his fingers.

当他弯曲手指时，他的前臂肌肉清晰可见。

身体某一部位的肌肉发达程度

Focussed exercise brought out the muscularity in her calves.

集中锻炼让她的小腿肌肉更加发达。

I won’t promote the silencing of dissent through verbal muscularity.

我不会提倡通过言语暴力来压制异议。

2018年October13日，Judith Taylor，“I’m a woman who imitated the swagger of an entitled white male — and it got results”, in The Star:


malingerer

/məˈlɪŋɡəɹə/

It is telling, in this context of rising rates of mental illness, that New Labour committed itself, early in its third term in government, to removing people from Incapacity Benefit, implying that many, if not most, claimants are malingerers.

2009，Mark Fisher，章號 5, in Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative?，Zero Books, →ISBN，頁 37:


malism

现世邪恶说；認為世界是邪惡的價值觀


mutt

You know, Sonny, you're a fucking mutt.

1990, 《盜亦有道》（電影）


medical

借自中古法語 medical，源自中世紀拉丁語 medicālis，源自拉丁語 medicus。代替古英語 lǣċe (“醫生”)，其與冰島語 læknir (“醫生”)同源。

You'll have to get a medical before you apply for that job.

你應聘之前，得去做個體檢。

After completing a medical and the requisite paperwork on Tuesday to seal the deal, Di María said: “I am absolutely delighted to be joining Manchester United. I have thoroughly enjoyed my time in Spain and there were a lot of clubs interested in me, but United is the only club that I would have left Real Madrid for.

2014, Jamie Jackson, "Ángel di María says Manchester United were the ‘only club’ after Real", The Guardian, 26 August 2014:

All UK train drivers must undergo a medical every three years up to the age of 54, and annually from then on.

2021年November17日，“Network News: Age-related medical requirements”, in RAIL，期 944，頁 9: