See sais in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有8個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自印地語的英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自阿拉伯語的英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語可數名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "阿拉伯語紅鏈",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "阿拉伯語紅鏈/m",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "來自印地語（印度斯坦），來自阿拉伯語 سَائِس (sāʔis, “馬夫、馬伕”)，來自سَاس (sās, “飼養馬匹”)。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saises",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "印度英語",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有引文的英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語引文翻譯請求",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1808, Thomas Williamson, Oriental Field Sports; being a Complete, Detailed, and Accurate Description of the Wild Sports of the East [...] In Two Volumes, 卷 II, London: Printed by W[illiam] Bulmer and Co. Cleveland-Row, St. James's; for Edward Orme, Bond-Street, the corner of Brook-Street, and B. Crosby and Co. Stationers' Court, →OCLC，頁號 213:",
"text": "Not one of them [horse dealers] will venture a horse, he is about to sell, in the stables of the intended purchaser, unless attended by one of his own syces, or grooms, who both knows and is known by the animal. If the horse be very old, or naturally dull, the syce takes care to ply him with spices and other stimulants; and if vicious, opium, and other anodynes are given; so that the horse is absolutely in a state of disguise."
},
{
"ref": "1849年April19日, “General Return of Casualties in the Army of the Punjaub in the Action at Goojerat on the 21st February 1849, between the British Forces under the Personal Command of General the Right Hon. Hugh Baron Gough, G.C.B., Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in India, and the Rebel Army under the Sirdar Chuttur Singh and Rajah Shere Singh”, 出自 The Indian News, and Chronicle of Eastern Affairs, 期 160, London, →OCLC，頁號 179:",
"text": "4th Troop 1st Brigade—3 rank and file, 1 syce, 17 horses, killed; […]"
},
{
"ref": "1890, Flora Annie Webster Steel; Grace Gardiner, “The Duties of the Servants”, in The Complete Indian Housekeeper and Cook: Giving the Duties of Mistress and Servants, the General Management of the House and Practical Recipes for Cooking in all its Branches, Edinburgh: F. Murray, OCLC 228145908; reprinted Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010, 978-1-108-02193-7, page 68:",
"text": "THE DUTIES OF THE SAIS OR GROOM. […] Now, if the good house-mother's proudest boast is that not even \"the cattle within her gate\" fail to feel her kindly care, she will often find it necessary to take an active part in teaching the sais his duty, and seeing that the horses receive proper attention. […] The old plan of a sais and a grass-cutter to each horse is a thing of the past, and the number of saises or grooms should have reference merely to the amount of harnessing and out-work necessary during the day."
},
{
"ref": "1906, Charles A[tmore] Sherring, “Superstitions”, 出自 Western Tibet and the British Borderland; the Sacred Country of Hindus and Buddhists, with an Account of the Government, Religion, and Customs of its Peoples, London: Edward Arnold, →OCLC，頁號 100:",
"text": "But apart from the story of the havildar, my own syce, a hillman who attends my pony, has actually seen two ghosts, with one of whom he held a long conversation."
},
{
"ref": "1924, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, A Passage to India, London: Edward Arnold & Co., →OCLC; 再版 New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1952, →OCLC，頁號 13:",
"text": "Dinner, dinner, dinner … but when he returned to the house for it, Mahmoud Ali had drifted away in his turn, to speak to his sais."
},
{
"ref": "1974, Apa Pant, “Dreams and Destinations”, 出自 A Moment in Time, Bombay: Orient Longman, →OCLC，頁號 76:",
"text": "The horse also, as if it had its own premonitions, refused to get on to those rickety planks, though the rest of the party had negotiated them safely. The sais (horse attendant), who had no such anxieties, crossed ahead of us and struggled for some minutes to drag the poor frightened animal, with myself on its back, across the chasm."
},
{
"ref": "1987, Sara Banerji, The Wedding of Jayanthi Mandel, London: Victor Gollancz Ltd., →ISBN:",
"text": "We have not been able to get a good syce for our animal, and have had to make do with a young and inexperienced fellow."
},
{
"ref": "2010, Rudyard Kipling with James Daley, comp., “The Maltese Cat”, 出自 Great Horse Stories, Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, →ISBN，頁號 95:",
"text": "Each pony had his sais, his groom, who lived and ate and slept with the animal, and had betted a good deal more than he could afford on the result of the game. There was no chance of anything going wrong, but to make sure, each sais was shampooing the legs of his pony to the last minute. Behind the saises sat as many of the Skidars' regiment as had leave to attend the match […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"馬夫或負責照顧馬的傭人。"
],
"id": "zh-sais-en-noun-oFy118kX",
"raw_tags": [
"印度"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有引文的英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語引文翻譯請求",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語過時用語",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1935, Ralph Lionel German, Handbook to British Malaya, 1935, [London]: [R. L. German]: Obtainable from the Malay Information Agency, Waterlow and Sons, →OCLC，頁號 50:",
"text": "House servants are usually either Chinese or Tamil, the former predominating, especially in towns of any size. The domestic staff will in general consist of a houseboy (in large establishments two houseboys), a water carrier (tukang ayer), whose duties include washing dishes and preparing baths, a cook, a gardener, a chauffeur or sais, and perhaps an ayah (if Chinese, amah) or two, according to the size of the family."
},
{
"ref": "1988, Margaret Pemberton, A Multitude of Sins, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, →OCLC:",
"text": "[A]fter their first few days there he had hired a syce, a Malay chauffeur. The syce, who had been squatting down, sheltering in the shade of the car, jumped to his feet at their approach, opening the doors for them with an efficient flourish."
},
{
"ref": "1994, Laurence C[arl] Bergquist, Destiny: A Southeast Asia Saga, 1928–1953: Singapore, Malaya, Indonesia, Pacifica, Calif.: Pacifica Press, →ISBN，頁號 51:",
"text": "Each establishment had a retinue of Chinese or Malay servants, on average consisting of a cook, one or two \"house boys,\" a tukang kebun (gardener), a sais (chauffeur), and an ayah or amah (maid or nurse) to take care of ironing […]"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Mary Sydney Burke, The Soldier's Wife: Peace and War, London: Janus Publishing Company, →ISBN，頁號 128:",
"text": "The lady – a very elegant Romanian by birth – arrived with her daughter Miriam, the English governess, the secretary, a detective, and last of all the syce, or chauffeur, who seated himself in the garden rather than wait in the large Rolls-Royce parked outside, with the family crest placed above the number plate."
},
{
"ref": "2005, Christopher [Alan] Bayly with Tim[othy Norman] Harper, Forgotten Armies: The Fall of British Asia, 1941–1945, Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, →ISBN，頁號 53:",
"text": "[T]he expansion of the service economy, for the home, the office and the municipality, had created a more mixed labouring world. A wealthy European or Asian home would bring together a Chinese amah, or maid, a Malay syce, or chauffeur, and an Indian kebun, or gardener, operating through a Malay lingua franca. On a larger scale, in the invisible city, ethnic communities were pushed closer together, often for the first time."
}
],
"glosses": [
"通常寫成syce：司機、駕駛。"
],
"id": "zh-sais-en-noun-9hMOJ3gO",
"raw_tags": [
"馬來亞"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/saɪs/"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-sais.opus",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-uk-sais.opus/En-uk-sais.opus.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-uk-sais.opus/En-uk-sais.opus.ogg",
"opus_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-uk-sais.opus",
"raw_tags": [
"音頻 (RP)"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "syce"
}
],
"word": "sais"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有8個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自印地語的英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自阿拉伯語的英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語非標準形式",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "阿拉伯語紅鏈",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "阿拉伯語紅鏈/m",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "says的非標準拼寫。",
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有引文的英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語引文翻譯請求",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1855 August, “Editor's Drawer”, 出自 Harper's New Monthly Magazine, 卷 XI, 期 LXIII, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 329 & 331 Pearl Street, Franklin Square, →OCLC，頁號 425:",
"text": "'Yes,' sais I, 'what's left of me; but, good gracious,' sais I, 'you have got the 'heaves.' I hope it ain't catchin'."
},
{
"ref": "2000, Frederic Remington, “Sun-Down Leflare's Warm Spot”, 出自 John D. Seelye 編, Stories of the Old West: Tales of the Mining Camp, Cavalry Troop, & Cattle Ranch, Norman, Ok.: University of Oklahoma Press, →ISBN，頁號 203:",
"text": "Well, he tak some young man un he go off to Alsaroke to steal horse, un I seet roun' un watch dat woman. She watch me. Pretty soon camp was hunt de buffalo, un I was hunt Snow-Owl's woman. Every one was excite, un dey don' tak no 'count of me. I see de woman go up leetle coulie for stray horse, un I follar her. I sais, 'How do? You come be my woman. We run off to Meestar MacDonnail's tradehouse.' […] She sais she afraid."
}
],
"glosses": [
"用來表示非標準發音的says。"
],
"id": "zh-sais-en-verb-LhZuihGB"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/seɪz/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sais (says).wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-sais_(says).wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-sais_(says).wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-sais_(says).wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-sais_(says).wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Audio (UK)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sais (says).wav"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "syce"
}
],
"word": "sais"
}
{
"categories": [
"有8個詞條的頁面",
"派生自印地語的英語詞",
"派生自阿拉伯語的英語詞",
"英語可數名詞",
"英語名詞",
"英語詞元",
"阿拉伯語紅鏈",
"阿拉伯語紅鏈/m"
],
"etymology_text": "來自印地語（印度斯坦），來自阿拉伯語 سَائِس (sāʔis, “馬夫、馬伕”)，來自سَاس (sās, “飼養馬匹”)。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saises",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"印度英語",
"有引文的英語詞",
"英語引文翻譯請求"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1808, Thomas Williamson, Oriental Field Sports; being a Complete, Detailed, and Accurate Description of the Wild Sports of the East [...] In Two Volumes, 卷 II, London: Printed by W[illiam] Bulmer and Co. Cleveland-Row, St. James's; for Edward Orme, Bond-Street, the corner of Brook-Street, and B. Crosby and Co. Stationers' Court, →OCLC，頁號 213:",
"text": "Not one of them [horse dealers] will venture a horse, he is about to sell, in the stables of the intended purchaser, unless attended by one of his own syces, or grooms, who both knows and is known by the animal. If the horse be very old, or naturally dull, the syce takes care to ply him with spices and other stimulants; and if vicious, opium, and other anodynes are given; so that the horse is absolutely in a state of disguise."
},
{
"ref": "1849年April19日, “General Return of Casualties in the Army of the Punjaub in the Action at Goojerat on the 21st February 1849, between the British Forces under the Personal Command of General the Right Hon. Hugh Baron Gough, G.C.B., Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in India, and the Rebel Army under the Sirdar Chuttur Singh and Rajah Shere Singh”, 出自 The Indian News, and Chronicle of Eastern Affairs, 期 160, London, →OCLC，頁號 179:",
"text": "4th Troop 1st Brigade—3 rank and file, 1 syce, 17 horses, killed; […]"
},
{
"ref": "1890, Flora Annie Webster Steel; Grace Gardiner, “The Duties of the Servants”, in The Complete Indian Housekeeper and Cook: Giving the Duties of Mistress and Servants, the General Management of the House and Practical Recipes for Cooking in all its Branches, Edinburgh: F. Murray, OCLC 228145908; reprinted Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010, 978-1-108-02193-7, page 68:",
"text": "THE DUTIES OF THE SAIS OR GROOM. […] Now, if the good house-mother's proudest boast is that not even \"the cattle within her gate\" fail to feel her kindly care, she will often find it necessary to take an active part in teaching the sais his duty, and seeing that the horses receive proper attention. […] The old plan of a sais and a grass-cutter to each horse is a thing of the past, and the number of saises or grooms should have reference merely to the amount of harnessing and out-work necessary during the day."
},
{
"ref": "1906, Charles A[tmore] Sherring, “Superstitions”, 出自 Western Tibet and the British Borderland; the Sacred Country of Hindus and Buddhists, with an Account of the Government, Religion, and Customs of its Peoples, London: Edward Arnold, →OCLC，頁號 100:",
"text": "But apart from the story of the havildar, my own syce, a hillman who attends my pony, has actually seen two ghosts, with one of whom he held a long conversation."
},
{
"ref": "1924, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, A Passage to India, London: Edward Arnold & Co., →OCLC; 再版 New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1952, →OCLC，頁號 13:",
"text": "Dinner, dinner, dinner … but when he returned to the house for it, Mahmoud Ali had drifted away in his turn, to speak to his sais."
},
{
"ref": "1974, Apa Pant, “Dreams and Destinations”, 出自 A Moment in Time, Bombay: Orient Longman, →OCLC，頁號 76:",
"text": "The horse also, as if it had its own premonitions, refused to get on to those rickety planks, though the rest of the party had negotiated them safely. The sais (horse attendant), who had no such anxieties, crossed ahead of us and struggled for some minutes to drag the poor frightened animal, with myself on its back, across the chasm."
},
{
"ref": "1987, Sara Banerji, The Wedding of Jayanthi Mandel, London: Victor Gollancz Ltd., →ISBN:",
"text": "We have not been able to get a good syce for our animal, and have had to make do with a young and inexperienced fellow."
},
{
"ref": "2010, Rudyard Kipling with James Daley, comp., “The Maltese Cat”, 出自 Great Horse Stories, Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, →ISBN，頁號 95:",
"text": "Each pony had his sais, his groom, who lived and ate and slept with the animal, and had betted a good deal more than he could afford on the result of the game. There was no chance of anything going wrong, but to make sure, each sais was shampooing the legs of his pony to the last minute. Behind the saises sat as many of the Skidars' regiment as had leave to attend the match […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"馬夫或負責照顧馬的傭人。"
],
"raw_tags": [
"印度"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"有引文的英語詞",
"英語引文翻譯請求",
"英語過時用語"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1935, Ralph Lionel German, Handbook to British Malaya, 1935, [London]: [R. L. German]: Obtainable from the Malay Information Agency, Waterlow and Sons, →OCLC，頁號 50:",
"text": "House servants are usually either Chinese or Tamil, the former predominating, especially in towns of any size. The domestic staff will in general consist of a houseboy (in large establishments two houseboys), a water carrier (tukang ayer), whose duties include washing dishes and preparing baths, a cook, a gardener, a chauffeur or sais, and perhaps an ayah (if Chinese, amah) or two, according to the size of the family."
},
{
"ref": "1988, Margaret Pemberton, A Multitude of Sins, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, →OCLC:",
"text": "[A]fter their first few days there he had hired a syce, a Malay chauffeur. The syce, who had been squatting down, sheltering in the shade of the car, jumped to his feet at their approach, opening the doors for them with an efficient flourish."
},
{
"ref": "1994, Laurence C[arl] Bergquist, Destiny: A Southeast Asia Saga, 1928–1953: Singapore, Malaya, Indonesia, Pacifica, Calif.: Pacifica Press, →ISBN，頁號 51:",
"text": "Each establishment had a retinue of Chinese or Malay servants, on average consisting of a cook, one or two \"house boys,\" a tukang kebun (gardener), a sais (chauffeur), and an ayah or amah (maid or nurse) to take care of ironing […]"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Mary Sydney Burke, The Soldier's Wife: Peace and War, London: Janus Publishing Company, →ISBN，頁號 128:",
"text": "The lady – a very elegant Romanian by birth – arrived with her daughter Miriam, the English governess, the secretary, a detective, and last of all the syce, or chauffeur, who seated himself in the garden rather than wait in the large Rolls-Royce parked outside, with the family crest placed above the number plate."
},
{
"ref": "2005, Christopher [Alan] Bayly with Tim[othy Norman] Harper, Forgotten Armies: The Fall of British Asia, 1941–1945, Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, →ISBN，頁號 53:",
"text": "[T]he expansion of the service economy, for the home, the office and the municipality, had created a more mixed labouring world. A wealthy European or Asian home would bring together a Chinese amah, or maid, a Malay syce, or chauffeur, and an Indian kebun, or gardener, operating through a Malay lingua franca. On a larger scale, in the invisible city, ethnic communities were pushed closer together, often for the first time."
}
],
"glosses": [
"通常寫成syce：司機、駕駛。"
],
"raw_tags": [
"馬來亞"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/saɪs/"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-sais.opus",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-uk-sais.opus/En-uk-sais.opus.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-uk-sais.opus/En-uk-sais.opus.ogg",
"opus_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-uk-sais.opus",
"raw_tags": [
"音頻 (RP)"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "syce"
}
],
"word": "sais"
}
{
"categories": [
"有8個詞條的頁面",
"派生自印地語的英語詞",
"派生自阿拉伯語的英語詞",
"英語動詞",
"英語詞元",
"英語非標準形式",
"阿拉伯語紅鏈",
"阿拉伯語紅鏈/m"
],
"etymology_text": "says的非標準拼寫。",
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"有引文的英語詞",
"英語引文翻譯請求"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1855 August, “Editor's Drawer”, 出自 Harper's New Monthly Magazine, 卷 XI, 期 LXIII, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 329 & 331 Pearl Street, Franklin Square, →OCLC，頁號 425:",
"text": "'Yes,' sais I, 'what's left of me; but, good gracious,' sais I, 'you have got the 'heaves.' I hope it ain't catchin'."
},
{
"ref": "2000, Frederic Remington, “Sun-Down Leflare's Warm Spot”, 出自 John D. Seelye 編, Stories of the Old West: Tales of the Mining Camp, Cavalry Troop, & Cattle Ranch, Norman, Ok.: University of Oklahoma Press, →ISBN，頁號 203:",
"text": "Well, he tak some young man un he go off to Alsaroke to steal horse, un I seet roun' un watch dat woman. She watch me. Pretty soon camp was hunt de buffalo, un I was hunt Snow-Owl's woman. Every one was excite, un dey don' tak no 'count of me. I see de woman go up leetle coulie for stray horse, un I follar her. I sais, 'How do? You come be my woman. We run off to Meestar MacDonnail's tradehouse.' […] She sais she afraid."
}
],
"glosses": [
"用來表示非標準發音的says。"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/seɪz/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sais (says).wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-sais_(says).wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-sais_(says).wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-sais_(says).wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-sais_(says).wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Audio (UK)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sais (says).wav"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "syce"
}
],
"word": "sais"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sais meaning in 英語 (10.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 英語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-03 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-20 using wiktextract (d6bf104 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.