See gruff in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for gruff meaning in 英語 (4.3kB)
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "原始日耳曼語紅鏈",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "原始日耳曼語紅鏈/m",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自中古荷蘭語的英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自原始日耳曼語的英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自原始西日耳曼語的英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自古荷蘭語的英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自荷蘭語的英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自西佛蘭德語的英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "源自荷蘭語的英語借詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "源自西佛蘭德語的英語借詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "詞源不明的英語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gruffly"
},
{
"word": "gruffness"
}
],
"etymology_text": "源自西佛蘭德語、荷蘭語 grof (“粗魯的，粗糙的”)，源自中古荷蘭語 grof (“粗糙的”)，源自古荷蘭語 *grof，其形成及相關詞不確定，但基本上能確定與薩特弗里斯蘭語 groaf (“粗糙的”)、西弗里斯蘭語 grof (“粗糙的”)、低地德語 groff (“粗糙的，粗魯的”)、德語 grob (“粗糙的，粗魯的”)、瑞典語 grov (“粗糙的，粗魯的”)同源。\n可能起源自原始西日耳曼語 *gahrob，源自原始日耳曼語 *gahrubaz、*hrubaz，與原始日耳曼語 *hreubaz (“粗糙的，硬皮的，結痂的”)有關；或可能源自原始西日耳曼語 *grob，源自原始日耳曼語 *grubaz (“粗糙的”)。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gruffer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "gruffest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"舉止粗魯的"
],
"id": "zh-gruff-en-adj-JOzDi7gI"
},
{
"glosses": [
"聲音嘶啞的"
],
"id": "zh-gruff-en-adj-fi98fsJG"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gruff.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-gruff.wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-gruff.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-gruff.wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-gruff.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"音頻 (南英格蘭)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gruff.wav"
}
],
"word": "gruff"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語動詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "英語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "源自西佛蘭德語、荷蘭語 grof (“粗魯的，粗糙的”)，源自中古荷蘭語 grof (“粗糙的”)，源自古荷蘭語 *grof，其形成及相關詞不確定，但基本上能確定與薩特弗里斯蘭語 groaf (“粗糙的”)、西弗里斯蘭語 grof (“粗糙的”)、低地德語 groff (“粗糙的，粗魯的”)、德語 grob (“粗糙的，粗魯的”)、瑞典語 grov (“粗糙的，粗魯的”)同源。\n可能起源自原始西日耳曼語 *gahrob，源自原始日耳曼語 *gahrubaz、*hrubaz，與原始日耳曼語 *hreubaz (“粗糙的，硬皮的，結痂的”)有關；或可能源自原始西日耳曼語 *grob，源自原始日耳曼語 *grubaz (“粗糙的”)。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gruffs",
"raw_tags": [
"第三人稱單數簡單現在時"
]
},
{
"form": "gruffing",
"raw_tags": [
"現在分詞"
]
},
{
"form": "gruffed",
"raw_tags": [
"一般過去時及過去分詞"
]
}
],
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2001, Benny Hinn, He Touched Me: An Autobiography",
"text": "“Who gave you that?” replied my father angrily. “Did you bribe someone?” “No,” I told him. “It was a gift, from some people who really want me to be on this trip.” “Fine,” he gruffed."
}
],
"glosses": [
"說話粗魯"
],
"id": "zh-gruff-en-verb-urxVlpkv"
}
],
"word": "gruff"
}
{
"categories": [
"原始日耳曼語紅鏈",
"原始日耳曼語紅鏈/m",
"派生自中古荷蘭語的英語詞",
"派生自原始日耳曼語的英語詞",
"派生自原始西日耳曼語的英語詞",
"派生自古荷蘭語的英語詞",
"派生自荷蘭語的英語詞",
"派生自西佛蘭德語的英語詞",
"源自荷蘭語的英語借詞",
"源自西佛蘭德語的英語借詞",
"英語形容詞",
"英語詞元",
"詞源不明的英語詞"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gruffly"
},
{
"word": "gruffness"
}
],
"etymology_text": "源自西佛蘭德語、荷蘭語 grof (“粗魯的，粗糙的”)，源自中古荷蘭語 grof (“粗糙的”)，源自古荷蘭語 *grof，其形成及相關詞不確定，但基本上能確定與薩特弗里斯蘭語 groaf (“粗糙的”)、西弗里斯蘭語 grof (“粗糙的”)、低地德語 groff (“粗糙的，粗魯的”)、德語 grob (“粗糙的，粗魯的”)、瑞典語 grov (“粗糙的，粗魯的”)同源。\n可能起源自原始西日耳曼語 *gahrob，源自原始日耳曼語 *gahrubaz、*hrubaz，與原始日耳曼語 *hreubaz (“粗糙的，硬皮的，結痂的”)有關；或可能源自原始西日耳曼語 *grob，源自原始日耳曼語 *grubaz (“粗糙的”)。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gruffer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "gruffest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"舉止粗魯的"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"聲音嘶啞的"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹʌf/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gruff.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-gruff.wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-gruff.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-gruff.wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-gruff.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"音頻 (南英格蘭)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gruff.wav"
}
],
"word": "gruff"
}
{
"categories": [
"英語動詞",
"英語詞元"
],
"etymology_text": "源自西佛蘭德語、荷蘭語 grof (“粗魯的，粗糙的”)，源自中古荷蘭語 grof (“粗糙的”)，源自古荷蘭語 *grof，其形成及相關詞不確定，但基本上能確定與薩特弗里斯蘭語 groaf (“粗糙的”)、西弗里斯蘭語 grof (“粗糙的”)、低地德語 groff (“粗糙的，粗魯的”)、德語 grob (“粗糙的，粗魯的”)、瑞典語 grov (“粗糙的，粗魯的”)同源。\n可能起源自原始西日耳曼語 *gahrob，源自原始日耳曼語 *gahrubaz、*hrubaz，與原始日耳曼語 *hreubaz (“粗糙的，硬皮的，結痂的”)有關；或可能源自原始西日耳曼語 *grob，源自原始日耳曼語 *grubaz (“粗糙的”)。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gruffs",
"raw_tags": [
"第三人稱單數簡單現在時"
]
},
{
"form": "gruffing",
"raw_tags": [
"現在分詞"
]
},
{
"form": "gruffed",
"raw_tags": [
"一般過去時及過去分詞"
]
}
],
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2001, Benny Hinn, He Touched Me: An Autobiography",
"text": "“Who gave you that?” replied my father angrily. “Did you bribe someone?” “No,” I told him. “It was a gift, from some people who really want me to be on this trip.” “Fine,” he gruffed."
}
],
"glosses": [
"說話粗魯"
]
}
],
"word": "gruff"
}
{
"called_from": "extractor/zh/page/parse_section/192",
"msg": "Unhandled subtitle: 引文",
"path": [
"gruff"
],
"section": "英語",
"subsection": "引文",
"title": "gruff",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 英語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-29 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (d4b8e84 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.