Fula

* 源自曼丁語族語言，最早源頭為富拉語詞根 ful- (pul-)。

富拉語，也稱富拉尼語，西非語言，屬於大西洋-剛果語族。


Inupiak

源自伊努皮克語 Iñupiaq，iñuk (“人”) + piaq (“真的”)。

因紐皮雅特人，阿拉斯加北部的一支因紐特人。

因紐皮雅特語，因紐皮雅特人所說的語言。


Venda

文達，南非種族隔離時期曾出現的班圖斯坦（黑人自治地方）。

文達語，主要使用於南非文達地區的班圖語言，也是南非的官方語言之一。


Adyghe

源自阿迪格語 адыгэ (adəɣɛ)。

/ˈɑː.dɪ.ɡeɪ/

阿迪格語，屬於高加索語系，主要用於俄羅斯的阿迪格共和國。


Adygea

/ɑːdɪˈɡeɪ.ə/

阿迪格共和國，俄羅斯西南部的自治共和國，首府邁科普。


Inuktitut

源自因紐特語 ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ (inoktitot)，字面意思為“像因紐特人一樣”。

因紐特語/伊努克提圖特語，因紐特人所說語言的一種。


Swazi

源自祖魯語 iSwazi，源自斯威士人早期的酋長名字 Mswati。另寫法源自史瓦濟語 liSwati。


Swazi

斯威士語/史瓦濟語，一種班圖語族語言，主要用於斯威士蘭/史瓦帝尼及南非。


Swazi

斯威士（語/人）/史瓦濟（語/人）的


Chamorro

查莫羅人，北馬里亞納群島和關島的原住民族。


Chamorro

查莫羅語，一種南島語系語言，主要使用於北馬里亞納群島和關島。


Chichewa

/t͡ʃɪˈt͡ʃɛwə/


Sesotho

/sɛ̀.sʉ́.tʰʉ̀/

塞索托語，一種班圖語族語言，主要用於萊索托和南非的自由邦、豪登省。

指巴蘇佗族（Basotho），萊索托的主體民族。

巴蘇佗族人（Mosotho）。


Sesotho

/sɛ̀.sʉ́.tʰʉ̀/


Tumbuka

通布卡人，班圖人的一支，生活在贊比亞東部和馬拉維北部。


Tumbuka

通布卡語，通布卡人所說的語言（chiTumbuka）。


Akan

阿坎族，生活在加納和科特迪瓦的民族。

阿坎語，尼日爾-剛果語系語言。

阿寒岳（日本北海道火山名）


Tswana

借自茨瓦納語 Setswana，Motswana/Batswana/Setswana 的詞幹。參見 Botswana。


Setswana

茨瓦納語（也稱Tswana）。


Romani

源自羅姆語 romani，romano (“羅姆人的”)的陰性形式 ← rom (“人”)。也見Roma。
與Romanian沒有直接聯繫。

羅姆人/吉普賽人（起源於印度的遊牧民族）

The Romani have long been discriminated against.


Romani

羅姆語，羅姆人所使用的印度-雅利安語族語言，與印地語、拉賈斯坦語相近。


Twi

契維語，阿坎語的一種方言，主要用於加納。


Old Church Slavonic

古教會斯拉夫語，最早的書面斯拉夫語言，現在僅用於禮拜。


Norfolk

源自古英語 Norþfolc。

諾福克郡，英格蘭東部郡名。

諾福克語，一種使用於諾福克島的克里奧爾語，也拼作Norfuk。

諾福克 (維吉尼亞州)，美國弗吉尼亞城鎮。

诺福克县 (马萨诸塞州)，美國马萨诸塞州縣名。


Norfolk

源自古英語 Norþfolc。


Norfuk

諾福克語，使用於諾福克島的語言，是英語和大溪地語混合的克里奧爾語。


Oromo

奧羅莫人，畜牧民族，主要生活在埃塞俄比亞和肯尼亞北部。


Oromo

奧羅莫語，庫希特語族語言。


Latgalian

拉特加爾（拉脫維亞東部地區）人。


Latgalian

古拉特加萊語，古代拉特加萊人使用的語言，現代拉脫維亞語的部分來源。

拉特加萊語，用於拉脫維亞東部地區的語言，也被一些人認爲是拉脫維亞語的方言。


Xhosa

借自科薩語。這裏的 xh 發吸氣音（/ˈǁʰoːsa/）。

:Template:可數 科薩人，南非班圖人的一支，大部分居住在東開普省。


Xhosa

借自科薩語。這裏的 xh 發吸氣音（/ˈǁʰoːsa/）。

科薩語，科薩人使用的班圖語族語言，與祖魯語有聯繫。


Atikamekw

借自阿提卡米克語 atikamekw (“白鮭”)，早期文獻中記作Atikamegouékhi。


Ingush

源自俄語 Ингуши (Inguši) ← Ангушт (Angušt)，古代印古什人的一個重要定居點。

:Template:不可數 印古什人，北高加索民族，大部分是遜尼派穆斯林，現在居住在俄羅斯的印古什共和國。


Ingush

印古什語，印古什人所使用的納克語族語言。


Ingush

more Ingush (comparative)
most Ingush (superlative)


Ingushetia

源自俄語 Ингуше́тия (Ingušétija，“印古什人的（地方）”)。

/ɪŋɡʊˈʃɛtiə/

印古什共和國，俄羅斯西南部高加索地區的自治共和國，首府馬加斯。


Sranan

蘇里南湯加語，於蘇里南使用的一種基於英語的克里奧爾語。


Sranan Tongo

蘇里南湯加語/蘇里南語，使用於蘇里南的一種基於英語的克里奧爾語，有大約126,000人將其作爲母語使用。


Oreo

來源未知，於1912年註冊成商標。

奧利奧餅乾，由兩塊巧克力威化餅和白色甜味夾心組成。

（輕微:Template:貶） 認同白人社會文化價值觀的黑人

She's a pure Oreo. You know, like the cookie, black outside and white inside.

1971，Iceberg Slim，The Naked Soul of Iceberg Slim，Holloway House:


Luganda

盧干達語 Oluganda (“盧干達”)。

/luːˈɡɑːndə/

盧干達語，一種主要使用於烏干達的班圖語族語言。


Moksha

源自莫克沙語 мокша (mokša，“莫克沙人”)。

莫克沙語，一種烏拉爾語系芬語族語言，主要用於俄羅斯莫爾多瓦共和國西部和南部，使用人口大約有 428,000人。


Moksha

源自莫克沙語 мокша (mokša，“莫克沙人”)。


Tahitian

塔希提語/大溪地語，於塔希提/大溪地使用的一種波利尼西亞語族語言。


Tahitian

塔希提/大溪地（人/語）的


Tahiti

George's Island

大溪地/塔希提 (法屬波利尼西亞的最大島嶼)

King George the Third's Island

大溪地/塔希提 (法屬波利尼西亞的最大島嶼)

大溪地/塔希提 (法屬波利尼西亞的最大島嶼)


Bislama

借自比斯拉馬語 Bislama ← 法語 bêche-de-mer (“海蔘”)。19世紀中葉，瓦努阿圖出產海蔘、檀香木。本詞可能出自當地勞工的一種皮欽語。

比斯拉馬語，南太平洋瓦努阿圖的一種克里奧爾語。


North Korea

朝鮮/北朝鮮/北韓，東北亞國家。官方名稱：朝鮮民主主義人民共和國（Democratic People's Republic of Korea）


South Korea

韓國/南韓，東亞國家，位於朝鮮半島南部。官方名稱：大韓民國（Republic of Korea）。


Great Britain

“大”不列顛（Britain），用以區分小不列顛（布列塔尼，Brittany，Lesser Britain）。
源自中古英語 Great Brittaigne, Grete Britaigne, Grete breteygne, grete Bretayne, grete breteyne。對比盎格魯-諾曼語 la Grande Brettayne ，12世紀拉丁語 maior Britannia。等同於Great + Britain。
詹姆士六世及一世於1604年自封為“大不列顛、法蘭西及愛爾蘭之王”（"King of Great Britain, France and Ireland"）。

大不列顛（有時也包括周圍小島嶼），歐洲西海岸島名，包括英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士。縮寫為GB。

英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士的合稱。

（/不嚴謹稱呼）英國 (1707-1801年英國（大不列顛王國，Kingdom of Great Britain）的正式稱呼)

代表英國參加國際比賽的代表團。


Zhongzheng

中正區（臺灣臺北、基隆的市轄區）


Pingtung

來自漢語 屏東 (Píngdōng)的威妥瑪拼音羅馬化：Pʻing²-tung¹。

P'ing-tung (alternative)
Ping Tung (alternative)
Pingdong (alternative)

Under Japanese colonial rule, Pingtung city and its environs had been famous for anti-Japanese activities. After retrocession, the KMT local cadres used local factions to establish their influence and control.

1998，Linda Chao, Ramon H. Myers，The First Chinese Democracy，Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC，頁 85:


per se

借自拉丁語 per sē (“本身”)，per (“通過”) + sē (“自身（他指）”)。

由於源自拉丁語，所以有時候會用斜體標識。

本身，自身（不考慮外界因素影響）

(常用於否定語境下) 嚴格意義上

使法官無法根據其他因素來自行判斷，推翻判決。

Until recently Denmark hesitated to adopt a formal per se law, preferring to give more discretion to its judges, but the general practice was to take blood tests and to convict those accused under the classical law if the blood alcohol concentration was greater than 100 mg./100 ml.

1981，Hugh Laurence Ross，Deterrence of the Drinking Driver: An International Survey，Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Transportation，頁 80:


Zaïre

Zaire的另一種拼寫法


Upper Volta

來自Volta (“沃爾特河”)，來自葡萄牙語。


Türkmenistan

By this time the Latin Alphabet had been adopted officially by four Turkish-speaking nations: the Azerbaijānīs, the Yakuts, and two small North-Caucasian communities called the Balqars and the Qarachays. Its official adoption in Türkmenistan followed as from February and March 1928.

1928，Survey of International Affairs，頁 226:

The Turkoman nomads of Central Asia, who today inhabit the Türkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Türkmenistan) and the northern parts of Iran and Afghanistan (map 5, see page 92), represent perhaps the archetypical weaving society.[…]There are virtually no rugs of significance produced today in Türkmenistan, and the Turkoman tribes who live in Iran and Afghanistan, while they still weave the red rugs, have like all nomadic peoples changed both their lifestyle and their weaving style under the pressures of modern society.

1979，Walter B. Denny，Oriental Rugs，頁s 91–92:

Since the earliest days of Türkmenistan’s independence, the Centre has offered English-language classes for a nominal fee.

2013，Victoria Clement，“Central Asia’s Hizmet Schools”, in The Muslim World and Politics in Transition: Creative Contributions of the Gülen Movement，Bloomsbury Academic, →ISBN, part three (The Contexts of the Muslim World)，頁 162:


Dominique

一種美國養殖雞，胸脯呈玫瑰紅色，全身多黑白條紋羽毛。


Dominic

源自晚期拉丁語 Dominicus，派生自Dominus (“主，上帝”)。


YouTuber

YouTube的視頻上傳者。


Salween

借自緬甸語 သံလွင် (samlwang)。

薩爾溫江，發源於青藏高原，流經中國、緬甸和泰國的河流。全長2,815千米。中國境內的幹流稱作怒江。


Kilimanjaro

不明，但可能源自斯瓦希里語 kilima (“山”) + njaro。

/ˌkɪləmənˈdʒɑɹoʊ/

/ˌkɪlɪmənˈdʒɑːɹəʊ/

乞力馬扎羅山，非洲第一高峰，位於坦桑尼亞，海拔5,895m。


Rhine

源自中古英語 Rine, Ryne ← 古英語 Rīn (“萊茵河”) ← 中古高地德語 ← 原始日耳曼語 *Rīnaz ← 高盧語 Rēnos，源自原始凱爾特語語言或原始凱爾特語 *Reinos；參見原始印歐語 *h₃reyH- (“流動；跑”)。 與古高地德語 Rīn （萊茵河; > 德語 Rhein）, 古諾爾斯語 Rín (“萊茵河”), 荷蘭語 Rijn (“萊茵河”)同源。
也與拉丁語rivus (“河”)有關。在凱爾特語言中有-n-，如古愛爾蘭語 rīan (“跑”)（參見run）。
Rh-的拼寫是受到古希臘語Ῥῆνος (Rhênos)（通過法語 Rhin）的影響。

萊茵河，歐洲河流，流經瑞士、列支敦士登、奧地利、德國、法國、荷蘭。


pays

pay 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

源自United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (“大不列顛及愛爾蘭聯合王國”)，在1922年愛爾蘭獨立後，英國失去愛爾蘭南部，因此改名。

大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國，英國（United Kingdom）自1927以來的全稱。


Moldavia

摩爾達維亞（古公國，在今羅馬尼亞東北部及摩爾多瓦）


cry someone a river

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-cry someone a river.ogg

以誇張或諷刺的方式表達哀悼

Cindy: "Here's a tissue. Cry me a river. Now will you help me get a new boyfriend?"
#*:: Cindy：「來，給你面紙，為我淚流成河吧！現在你能幫我交個新男友了嗎？」

2019；Con Man Games、SmashGames；Kindergarten 2；SmashGames；Cindy(School Yard)


Belgie

Jim Reed began talking about the Tommies, the Aussies, the Froggies, the Belgies, the Pork and Cheese.

1980, Barbara Hanrahan, The Frangipani Garden (page 11)

Money's coming through any day from the Belgies — it's all in order, paper work, all that — but we need to put up a bit extra just now. Before it comes through.

1984, Pamela Haines, The Diamond Waterfall (page 353)

If you listen carefully, you can hear the Belgies down below in the underground galleries. Hundreds of them there are.

2014, Leo Kessler, SS Panzer Battalion: Wotan's First Mission


Georgie

男子名George的昵稱。


civil war

轉譯自拉丁語 bellum cīvīle，在英語中，自1651年始有記載，指的是英國內戰。其於15、16世紀可能寫作 wer cyuile 或 ciuill warre。


blue whale

But there are a rabble of uncertain, fugitive half-fabulous whales, which as an American whaleman, I know by reputation, but not personally....the Iceberg whale; the Quog Whale; the Blue Whale. But I omit them as altogether obsolete and can hardly help suspecting them for mere sounds full of leviathanism, but signifying nothing.


Solomon Islands

源自所羅門王（King Solomon），由Álvaro de Mendaña y Neira於1567或1568年命名。

所羅門群島，大洋洲美拉尼西亞國家


South Sudan

南蘇丹（國家名，位於非洲）


stymie

stymies (third-person singular present)
stymieing (present participle)
stymying (present participle)
stymied (past participle)

(高爾夫球) 造成妨礙球的狀況


exonerate

源自拉丁語 exonerāt-，exonerāre的分詞詞根，源自exonerō (“釋放；卸貨；開脫罪責”)，源自ex- (“表示艱難的前綴”) + onerō (“承受”) (源自onus (“負擔”) ← 原始印歐語 *h₃énh₂os (“負擔”) ← *h₃enh₂- (“受罪”))。與法語 exonérer同源。

exonerates (third-person singular present)
exonerating (present participle)
exonerated (past participle)

/ɪɡˈzɒnəɹeɪt/

/ɪɡˈzɑnəˌɹeɪt/


tawdry

tawdrier (comparative)
tawdriest (superlative)


politique

:Template:貶 政治家（多指不道德的）


politique

more politique (comparative)
most politique (superlative)


North Macedonia

北馬其頓（原前南斯拉夫馬其頓共和國）


foot job

A long list of girls' names was followed by initials ranging from “D.H.T.I.C.” which stood for “Dry Humped Till I Came,” to “H.J.” — “Handjob,” “A.O.” — “Ate Out,” “B.J.” — “Blowjob,” and “F.J.” — “Foot Job.”

1999，Richard Price，The Wanderers，Houghton Mifflin Books, →ISBN，頁 101:

His bare foot grazed my crotch...he rocked his foot some more...a foot job.

2004，M. Christian，Greg Wharton，Love Under Foot: An Erotic Celebration of Feet，Haworth Press, →ISBN，頁 44:

The man moved in close to her and spoke directly into her ear, “I'll give you 50 for a foot job up in the bleachers.”

2004，Valerie F. de Daulles，Foot Art Is Good Art，iUniverse, →ISBN，頁 24:

Rick continued small talk about motorcycles with Louise. Louise appeared thoroughly engrossed in Rick's discussion of the new Harley Davidson series, while Viv gave her husband a tender foot job under the table. Rick's lids dropped slowly once as he spoke, indicating his pleasure to Viv, but Louise either didn't notice or paid it no mind.

2005，S.F. Powell，Like Sweet Buttermilk，Trafford Publishing, →ISBN，頁 206:


ü

ū

GOOSE元音（[uː]）的字典標註寫法

o͞o

GOOSE元音（[uː]）的字典標註寫法

GOOSE元音（[uː]）的字典標註寫法


Poznań

Poznan的另一種拼寫法


GKD

Glycerol kinase deficiency (“甘油激酶缺乏症”)之首字母縮略詞。


Katowice

卡托维兹 （波蘭南部城市）


Rzeszów

源自波蘭語 Rzeszów。

熱舒夫 （波蘭東南部城市）


Kielce

凯尔采 （波蘭中部城市）


Congo-Kinshasa

剛果（金），剛果民主共和國（Democratic Republic of the Congo）的別名


hames

(愛爾蘭、口語) 亂，糟亂

You've made a right hames of it, you eejit!

你把這整得一團糟，你這傻瓜！


Anglia

源自英語，意為“盎格魯人之地”。


chambermaid

（酒店等地）打掃客房的女服務員。


pomodoro

:Template:可數 一種意大利產的梨形番茄。


syllogismus

源自拉丁語 syllogismus (“三段論法”)，源自古希臘語 συλλογισμός (sullogismós)。


districts

district 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


stromuhr

源自德語 Strom (“流動”) + Uhr (“時鐘，計時器”)。

From the stromuhr the blood was returned to the inferior cava by way of the left renal vein.

1917, American journal of physiology（《美國生理學雜誌》）, 409頁:


what for

He wants four copies of it? What for?

Ow! What did you do that for?


what for

When your dad gets home, he'll give you what for.

等你爸回家了，他就要給你點顏色看看。

- Fagin, I'm waiting.


di-

源自古希臘語 δίς (dís，“兩次”)。

carbon dioxide


di-

源自古希臘語 διά (diá，“通過”)。

diactinic

dielectric


Haute-Savoie

上薩瓦省（法國省份，位於奥弗涅-罗讷-阿尔卑斯大区）


medical student

If our criterion for extra remuneration is enduring greater personal sacrifice than others, then logic requires that we compare the medical student's discomfort to whatever levels of discomfort others are experiencing who work while the medical student is in school.

2003，Michael Albert，Parecon: Life After Capitalism，頁 32:


osm

more osm (comparative)
most osm (superlative)


anachronistic

more anachronistic (comparative)
most anachronistic (superlative)


gaslighting

In the Disney movie, Oz, the Great and Powerful, Oz's gaslighting schemes showcase his extreme case of Narcissistic Personality Disorder.

2013, Victoria Summit, Stop Dancing in the Gaslight: Recognizing Domestic Abuse is Half the Battle, Scarlett Publishing, page 14,

“Defendants’ representations to this Court that Mr. Musk is not running DOGE are tantamount to legal gaslighting,” CREW said.

2025年March30日，Tierney Sneed，“Is DOGE actually an agency? The answer could have major ramifications”, in CNN:


gaslighting

gaslight 的現在時分詞和動名詞


ICBM

intercontinental ballistic missile (“洲際彈道導彈”)的首字母縮略。:Template:分類


intercontinental ballistic missile

intercontinental ballistic missiles (plural)


cell phone

（主要用於美國、加拿大）手機，移動電話


alcoholic

more alcoholic (comparative)
most alcoholic (superlative)

He ordered an alcoholic beverage.

The oysters were sour, and excessively alcoholic.

這些牡蠣是酸的，含了很多酒。


naengmyeon

源自朝鮮語 냉면 (naengmyeon), 漢字: 冷麵，源自 中古漢語 冷 （léng） + 麵（mjièn）。


Baekje

借自朝鮮語 백제 (百濟, Baekje)。


Goguryeo

源自朝鮮語 고구려 (高句麗, Goguryeo)。對比Goryeo，Korea。

/ɡoʊˈɡʊəɹioʊ/


mukbang

源自朝鮮語 먹방 (meokbang，字面意思是“吃飯直播”)。

After all there's a huge market in South Korea for mukbangs. That's where someone is streaming as they eat. […] In any case there seem to be no particular types that are successful at streaming a mukbang since there are pretty young girls and heavy guys that seem to get a lot of viewers.

2016 January 6, "shawn", Re: AT&T U-Verse Shysters, rec.arts.tv, Usenet:

I also get the sense, though, that some of those who, for whatever reason, often end up eating alone are tuning in for a dose of mukbang at mealtimes to get some virtual company (see the “Social Dining” chapter).

2017, Charles Spence, Gastrophysics: The New Science of Eating, Penguin (ISBN 9780735223462), page 57:

In each group of comments, the intersectionality of Kinoshita's identity markers is compounded as she is singled out as a mukbang eater, a female mukbang eater, a slim female mukbang eater, and finally a slim Asian female mukbang eater, […]

2018, Crystal Abidin, Internet Celebrity: Understanding Fame Online, Emerald Group Publishing (ISBN 9781787560789), page 26:


Juche

源自朝鮮語 주체 (主體, juche)。


gayageum

:Template:分類 伽倻琴（朝鮮民族樂器）


Daegu

借自朝鮮語 대구 (大邱, Daegu)。

:Template:分類 大邱（韓國城市）


parabole

源自拉丁語 ← 古希臘語 παραβολή (parabolḗ，“並列；對比”)。參見parable。


naif

naifer (comparative)
naifest (superlative)


naïf

借自法語 naïf。native的雙詞。

more naïf (comparative)
most naïf (superlative)


naïf

借自法語 naïf。native的雙詞。


Sea of Japan

La Pérouse Strait


afar

通常前接from，或後接off。

He was seen from afar.

He loved her from afar.


yowe

The ram was marked wi' keel at the reet o' the tail an' the yowes upon their hips.

1902, James Thomson, Recollections of a Speyside parish


yowe

Wirshipfull sir, I commend me to yowe; thankyng yowe of all tendirnesse and labour of lang time shewid to my brether and our cell of Coldyngham, prayand yowe of yowr goode continuance.

1440, Letter, 1841, Joseph Stevenson (editor), The Correspondence, Inventories, Account Rolls, and Law Proceedings of the Priory of Coldingham, page 116,


dosh

詞源未知。可能是dough與cash的合詞。

(英國、澳大利亞) 錢，票子

I'd like to buy a new car, but I'm short on dosh.

我想買輛新車，但最近我手頭緊。


Goth

源自中古英語 Gothes, Gotes（均為複數）。部分源自古英語 Gotan，單數Gota，部分源自晚期拉丁語 Gothi。源自原始日耳曼語 *gutô，可能源自*geutaną (“灑”)。對比古諾爾斯語 Goti (“哥特蘭人；哥特人”)，與Gutnish, Gotland有關。

同goth （哥特亞文化圈人）


tzigane

源自匈牙利語 cigány，通過法語 tzigane，源自中古希臘語 τσιγγάνος (tsingános，“吉普賽人”)。與意大利語 zigano/zingaro, 西班牙語 cíngaro, 德語 Zigeuner, 荷蘭語 zigeuner, 葡萄牙語 cigano, 羅馬尼亞語 țigan, 波蘭語 Cygan, 捷克語 Cikán, 俄語 цыган (cygan), 土耳其語 Çingene同源。

類似Gypsy，本詞可能會被羅姆人視為冒犯性詞彙，然而非羅姆人可能不會這麼認為。

(有時冒犯性)茨岡人（匈牙利吉普賽人）


max

'I remember,' said the pale man, 'the fust night as the Dandy ever came to this crib; he sat at this very table, and drank max with Charley Chatfield. […]


max

maxes (third-person singular present)
maxing (present participle)
maxed (past participle)

(常與 out連用) 達到極限.


moksha

借自梵語 मोक्ष (mokṣa，“解放，解脫”)。

The more merit you earn, the more you are likely to abridge the number of reincarnations you have to go through to reach the kind of enlightened state which gets you to moksha.

1997, Kiran Nagarkar, Cuckold, HarperCollins 2013, p. 5:


Lak

拉克人（俄羅斯達吉斯坦南部民族}}


chek

源自耶魯粵語拼音 尺 (cek³)


Hong Kong foot

香港度量衡中的1尺（等於0.371475米）


Hong Kong foot

仿譯自漢語 香港腳／香港脚 (xiānggǎngjiǎo)。


counting rod

仿譯自漢語 算籌／算筹 (suànchóu)。


eight-legged essay

仿譯自漢語 八股文 (bāgǔwén)。


Belt and Road

仿譯自漢語 一帶一路／一带一路 (yīdàiyīlù)。


lion dance

仿譯自漢語 獅子舞／狮子舞 (shīziwǔ)。


millionnaire

The large, smooth, florid millionnaire, dreaming only of senatorial honors, the shouts of the multitude, and the adoration of a party press, cowered like a dog under the lash of the "man of society."

1858，Various，The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 2, Number 9, July, 1858:

But the state of Dalibard, though prosperous, is not that of the heir to the dead millionnaire.

He swallowed it, of course, and for the next five minutes he went charging up and down that pond at a great rate, followed by a green glass monster with the name of a millionnaire brewer blown in its side.

1914，William Davenport Hulbert，Forest Neighbors:


toilette

toilet的古舊寫法 （除“廁所”以外的所有意思）。


sadism

源自法語 sadisme。以薩德侯爵 (Marquis de Sade) 命名。薩德侯爵以其文學作品中對放蕩的施虐描寫而著名。“sadism” (sadisme) 一詞最早出現於1834年，法國詞典學家Boiste的《Dictionnaire universel de la langue française》中；1862年法國文學批評家沙尔-奥古斯丁·圣伯夫在其對古斯塔夫·福樓拜的小說《薩朗波》的評論中使用了“sadist” (sadique) 一詞；1886年奧地利精神學家理察·克拉夫特·埃賓在《性精神病态》中的使用使本詞流行起來；1905年弗洛伊德的《性学三论》最終確定下了本詞。


euglena

源自跨語言名稱 Euglena，源自古希臘語 εὐ- (eu-，“好的”) + γλήνη (glḗnē，“眼睛”)。


theism

theo- + -ism。源自古希臘語 θεός (theós，“神”)。英語中首次見於1678年。“theist”見於1662年。參見法語 théisme，狄德羅的《Principes de la philosophie morale》（1745年）中使用該詞，應是從英語借入。


theism

源自新拉丁語 thea (“茶”) + 英語 -ism。

"Theism" belongs to that genus of disease in which morphinism, caffeinism, and vanillaism belong.

1888，John C. Cutter，“Narcotics, stimulants, and depressants”, in Comprehensive anatomy, physiology, and hygiene : adapted for schools, academies, colleges, and families : with instruction on the effects of stimulants and narcotics, and brief directions for illustrative dissections of mammals, for elementary work with the microscope, for physiological demonstrations on the human body, and for the management of emergent cases，第3rd版, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, →OCLC，頁 350:


Robin Hood

源自中古英語，源自古法語，Robert的指小。

羅賓漢（英國傳說中劫富濟貧的人物）


Robin Hood

源自中古英語，源自古法語，Robert的指小。

（想要）作出與羅賓漢行為相似的人。


theist

源自古希臘語 θεός (theós，“神”) + -ist。

The term stands in contradistinction to theism which, in its widest sense, means belief in a personal god, goddess, gods and /or goddesses.

1999, Jeaneane D. Fowler, Humanism: Beliefs & Practices, page 66

The theist is a man firmly persuaded of the existence of a Supreme Being as good as He is powerful, who has formed all beings with extension, vegetating, sentient and reflecting; who perpetuates their species, who punishes crimes without cruelty, and rewards virtuous actions with kindness.

No one is to be called a Theist, who does not believe in a Personal God, whatever difficulty there may be in defining the word "Personal."

1870，John Henry Newman，An Essay in aid of a Grammar of Assent，頁 119:


topical

more topical (comparative)
most topical (superlative)

:Template:醫(不可比) 表面的、塗於身體表面的、（藥物）外用的


syncretism

源自拉丁語 syncretismus ← 古希臘語 συγκρητισμός (sunkrētismós，“克里特城邦的聯合”) ← συγκρητίζω (sunkrētízō，“聯合以對抗共同敵人”) ← σύν (sún，“一同”) （參見英語syn-） + Κρῆτες (Krêtes，“克里特人”)。等同於syn- + Crete + -ism（“克里特人聯合”）。

/ˈsɪŋkɹəˌtɪsm/

It provides a more natural explanation of the Colossian syncretism as stemming from local religious impulses that continued to wield a powerful draw on people converted to Christianity from the local Jewish communities and pagan cults. […] The kind of syncretism we find at Colossae was not unique to that city or region.

1995, Clinton E. Arnold, The Colossian Syncretism: The Interface Between Christianity and Folk Belief at Colossae, J.C.B. Mohr (Paul SieBeck), page 238,

Kraft's functional view of Anthropology eventually leads to syncretism because God is understood as working within a modern, humanistic paradigm.

2006, Gailyn Van Rheenen, 1: Syncretism and Contextualization: The Church on a Journey Defining Itself, Gailyn Van Rheenen (editor), Contextualization and Syncretism: Navigating Cultural Currents, Evangelical Missiological Society, page 7,

The strategies of religious syncretism—the active transformation through renegotiation, reorganization, and redefinition of clashing belief systems—are consistent with the creolization process.

2010, Marguerite Fernández Olmos, Lizabeth Paravisini-Gebert, Creole Religions of the Caribbean, Claudio Iván Remeseira (editor), Hispanic New York: A Sourcebook, Columbia University Press, page 222,

(語言學) 屈折形式融合

In this paper a distinction is assumed between full syncretism, which affects whole morphemes, and partial syncretism, which affects only some case allomorphs, and also between syncretism proper and mere loss of a case morpheme.

1993, Robert Coleman, Patterns of Syncretism in Indo-European, Henk Aertsen, Robert J. Jeffers (editors), Historical Linguistics 1989: Papers from the 9th International Conference, John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 111,

Romanian conjugation displays several cases of syncretism, in which two paradigmatic slots share the same grammatical desinence. […] On the other hand, the syncretisms of the imperfect and subjunctive are not phonologically conditioned and, as such, apply to every verb without exception.

2004, Ronald F. Feldstein, On the Structure of Syncretism in Romanian Conjugation, Julie Auger, J. Clancy Clements, Barbara Vance (editors) Contemporary Approaches to Romance Linguistics, John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 177,

In this chapter, I will investigate whether they deserve this name by looking at syncretisms between clusivity and other person markers.

2005, Michael Cysouw, Chapter 3: Syncretisms involving clusivity, Elena Filimonova (editor) Clusivity: Typology and Case Studies of Inclusive-exclusive Distinction, John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 73,


somon

源自俄語 сомон (somon)，源自原始蒙古語 *sumun (“箭”)，參見蒙古語 сум (sum)。

蘇木（蒙古族聚居地的行政區劃）


saucisse

一種用於引火的細長管或袋，通常以布或革製成，內裝火藥。

一種比普通類型長的梢料。


souper

(愛爾蘭) 在愛爾蘭大饑荒時期，給改宗新教的天主教徒提供食物的人。

(愛爾蘭) 接受前述人所提供食物的原天主教徒。


Sumerology

蘇美爾學（對蘇美爾文明的研究）


sous

sou (“蘇：法國硬幣”)的舊寫法。

The moment I cast my eyes upon him, I was predetermined not to give him a single sous ...
我一看見他就決定，一個子兒也不要給他（……）

1802, Laurence Sterne, A sentimental journey through France and Italy (page 28)


military service

non-military service


Teochew

源自潮州話 潮州 (dio5 ziu1)的轉寫。


Tehran

借自波斯語 تهران (tehrân)。Ahmad Kasravi認為其派生自一印歐語系語言，原義為“炎熱的地方”("teh" 或 "keh" 意為“熱”；"rān" 意為“……的地方”）。


Bastia

巴斯蒂亞，科西嘉島北部港口城鎮，上科西嘉省首府。


Buje

布耶（克羅地亞西部城鎮）


Delnice

代爾尼采（克羅地亞西部城市）


Zadar

扎達爾（克羅地亞西南部港口）


hôtel

借自法語 hôtel，且保留了揚抑符。

The residences of some of the nobility in London were at one period called Inns, which has the same signification as hôtel, and several of the Inns of Court, as Gray’s Inn, Furnival’s Inn, Lincoln’s Inn, and Clifford’s Inn, were originally the residences of Lords Gray, Furnival, Lincoln, and Clifford. […] Many of the hôtels in Paris contain within their enclosed walls an extensive garden, spacious court, stables, and offices.

1840，Charles Knight，“The Antiquities of France.”, in The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge，卷 9，頁 204:

The price is high in the large and elegant hôtels in the opulent quarters; but more moderate rate in those situated in the interior of the city, where lodgings are simply neat and convenient. The hôtels the most splendid and expensive, are those of the quarters of Palais Royal, Tuileries and Chaussée-d’Antin. […] All these prices include the portage from the hôtel to, and from packet-boat to the hôtel. […] Among the many old Hôtels, the traveller, will notice: the hôtel of the Bouvardière; the hôtel of Drouges, and the episcopal palace.

1840，Jean-Marie-Vincent Audin，The Traveller’s Classical Guide Through France:

In point of fact, the garçon is much above the English waiter in his aims. He voluntarily undergoes a kind of curriculum of education, by passing from the hôtels of one country to those of another, and does not consider himself proficient till he speaks German, French, Italian, and English; at the very least, if of German birth, speaking French with fluency. Some good and capacious hôtels, built distinctly as such, have lately been established at the principal railway termini in London, also at Dover and a few other places. With these exceptions, the hôtels of England are far behind the new high-class hôtels of the continent; nor do we know of any English hôtel which approaches in grandeur or extent to the Hôtel de Louvre in Paris, the Metropole at Geneva, or to some of the magnificent hôtels at Hamburg. But while we now write (1862), projects are on foot to build several hôtels in London worthy of the place, and corresponding to the vastness of modern demands. / In England, the hôtel system of living is simply that of paying for what is called for, with the addition of a certain charge per diem for the rooms which are occupied; in France and other continental countries, this plan is so far modified by the plan of dining at a table d’hôte, which lessens the general expenses. Both in England and continental hôtels, the charge for attendance is now made explicitly in the bill, a very grateful improvement. The ordinary hôtels in all parts of the United Kingdom are licensed by magistrates to sell wines, spirits, and other excisable liquors, and therefore come under the category of public-houses open to the supervision of the police. In the higher-class hôtels, however, the supply of liquors is confined to the resident guests; and it is only in the others that drink is sold as in taverns. […] Throughout the United States of America, the system of hôtels has taken a peculiar turn. The hôtels are built for the purpose, and usually very large; with few exceptions they are conducted as boarding-houses on the plan of charging so much per diem, everything included excepting liquor, which is obtainable in a large drinking-room called the bar. […] Elegant in their architecture, and spacious and commodious in their interior arrangements, the American hôtels are got up at great expense, as may be judged from their extensive accommodation, which ranges from 180 to 800 rooms. […] The system of American hôtels is generally followed in the British colonies.

1871，William Chambers，Robert Chambers，“'HÔTEL'”, in Chambers's Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge for the People，卷 5，頁 437:

Personal merit and talent had been more considered than mere rank at the hôtel of the marquise, yet the most illustrious of the aristocracy frequented it.

1878，Catherine Charlotte，“Les Coteries Précieuses”, in Old Paris; Its Court and Literary Salons，卷 II, London: Richard Bentley and Son，頁 90:


stationer's

At last we passed a stationer's, and it occurred to me that I might as well buy some paper.

1919, 毛姆，《月亮與六便士》， 第40章


third leg

(幽默、俚語) 第三隻腳，陰莖


Abu Simbel

阿布辛拜勒，埃及阿斯旺村莊名，以阿布辛拜勒神廟而著名。


other than

There was no furniture in the abandoned house, other than a broken bedstead.

這間廢屋裡除了一個破床架之外，什麼家具都沒有。


mantou

借自官話 饅頭／馒头 (mántou)。


naan

源自印地語 नान (nān)/烏爾都語 نان (nān) ← 波斯語 نان (nān) ← 中古波斯語 LHMA (nān，“麵包；食物”)。


aeroport

I couldn't have gotten within a hundred feet of your fighters, and I hold an aeroport security badge. There is no way the Saudi prince got to your aircraft ...


mitose

mitoses (third-person singular present)
mitosing (present participle)
mitosed (past participle)


red blood cell

同類詞：platelet、white blood cell


brusk

brusker (comparative)
more brusk (comparative)
bruskest (superlative)
most brusk (superlative)

brusque的另一種拼寫法


middle finger

豎起中指（對人的侮辱行為）

An Indiana man argues in a federal lawsuit filed last week that he had a First Amendment right to give the middle finger to a state trooper, and that his free speech was violated when the gesture earned him a ticket.

2018, Jason Silverstein, "Giving Middle Finger to Police Is a First Amendment Right, Man Argues in Lawsuit Over Ticket", Newsweek, February 4, 2018:

Her whole way of being is a big middle finger to the other guy.

2007，Dominique Paul，The Possibility of Fireflies，頁 62:


aight

(美國、非裔美國人俗語) all right的合音。


aight

(美國、非裔美國人俗語) all right的合音。


aight

(美國、非裔美國人俗語) all right的合音。

(英國、英格蘭西南部) all right的合音。


banan

(罕用、非正式) 同banana。

"Hundreds of them," he exclaimed, "may be seen in New Orleans today, three generations from Italy, still pushing carts, yelling 'Banans,' 'Banans,' 'Banans'!!"

1991, George E. Pozzetta, Immigrants on the Land: Agriculture, Rural Life, and Small Towns


black pepper

黑胡椒（香料，乾燥後的黑胡椒果）


mandarin orange

tangerine


main course

starter


hadn't

(非正式) had not（否定助動詞）的縮約形。


plz

同類詞：Cr.、Rte.、St.、Blvd.、Ave.、Pl.、Ln.、Lnwy.、Pkwy.、Hwy.、Wy.


poes

源自南非語 poes (“陰道”) ← 荷蘭語 poes (“貓，母貓；陰道”)。


Chiang Mai

借自泰語 เชียงใหม่ (chiiang-mài)，再之前來源不確定。

/t͡ʃi.ɑːŋ ˈmaɪ/


Chiang Rai

清萊（泰國府名，城市名）


jy

源自字母i （j）的名稱，加上/d͡ʒ/。對比法語 ji，及類似的意大利語 vu。
普遍變音為jay（參見kay）。

jies (plural)
jyes (plural)
jys (plural)

jay

(蘇格蘭) 拉丁字母J，j的名稱。

(蘇格蘭) 拉丁字母J，j的名稱。


wyd

(網絡、短信) what('re) you doing (what are you doing?)的縮略。:Template:分類


voël

源自南非語 voël (“鳥”)。


weet

源自中古英語 weten，witen (“知道”)的變體。參見wit。

weets (third-person singular present)
weeting (present participle)
weeted (past participle)

The nobleness of life / Is to do thus, when such a mutual pair / And such a twain can do ’t, in which I bind, / On pain of punishment, the world to weet / We stand up peerless.

Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra, Act I, Scene I, 37-41:

I wept for myself, but resigned my soul to the tyranny of Time and Circumstance, well weeting that Fortune is fair and constant to no man.

1885, Richard Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night, Night 13:


leef

more leef (comparative)
most leef (superlative)


dood

源自孟加拉語 [具體何詞?]。


dood

dude的視覺方言拼法。

"Talk about yer doods," said a Texas stockman, on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy train last night, "but a leetle the doodest dood I ever seen wuz a feller that come down from Boston into our kentry a year ago las' September."

1884 August，“The Boston Dude”, in Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineer's Monthly Journal，卷 18, 號 8:

An' now Oi suppose if Oi don't get thim rolls riddy fer der brikfus' av that small dood that comes ter see Alice, Oi'll niver hear der end av it. Wot do Oi kee-ur? If he gives me a quarter whin he goes, it's more'n he'll do, fer all he's a dood an' all.

1888年November17日，“The Cook's Soliloquy”, in Time，卷 8, 號 223，頁 7:

On the dood ranch the dweller from the city can renew his almost forgotten ambition to be one with the rider of the Western plains --the cowpuncher, the Indian fighter, the pony express rider, the buffalo hunter, the scout.


vrot

借自南非語 vrot (“腐爛的”)。

more vrot (comparative)
most vrot (superlative)

The mycologist Raper found and isolated one of the very best strains of penicillin-producing fungus happily growing on a vrot spanspek at his local greengrocer...

1979, South African journal of science (volumes 75-76, page 399)

The leader who was a bit older than the others - his two front teeth were missing - kicked her legs when she caught him and he said she was a vrot banana also because she was a girl also.

1994, Ella Mary Macphail, Ugogo and other stories from South Africa (page 33)


naby

nabby的另一種拼寫法


regs

regular + -s（所有格/複數）的縮略。


naai

naais (third-person singular present)
naaiing (present participle)
naaied (past participle)

I bet the American chappies are naaiing cherries onetime.

2012, Zinaid Meeran, Tanuki Ichiban (page 217)

Having already learnt about naaiing from the rough and redheaded Two Bob, this meant that in spite of the hostilities between my parents – I can't recall a glimmer of affection between them – they were still at it.

2013, Roger Lucey, Back in from the Anger (page 21)


vele

Then forth he brought his snowy Florimele, / Whom Trompart had in keeping there beside, / Covered from peoples gazement with a vele […]

1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, V.3:


stap

staps (third-person singular present)
stapping (present participle)
stapped (past participle)


miso

借自日語 味噌 (みそ, miso)。

Substances float around each other until you crush them all with a blender. Add a bit of white miso, lemon juice, truffle oil, chives: survey your wreckage, which will be the wrong colour (cream with a hint of grey) and the wrong consistency (gluey).

2018年July19日，Zoe Williams，“Can ditching meat and dairy open up new taste sensations? My week as a foodie vegan”, in 衛報:


slay

源自中古英語 sleen, slayn ← 古英語 slēan (“敲，擊，重打，殺，鍛造，衝撞，重踩，刺”) ← 原始日耳曼語 *slahaną (“打鬥，敲，殺”) ← 原始印歐語 *slak- (“擊，打，扔”)。與荷蘭語 slaan (“敲，擊，打”)、低地德語 slaan (“敲，擊，打”)、德語 schlagen (“敲，擊，打”)、丹麥語、挪威語, 瑞典語 slå (“敲，擊，打”)、冰島語 slá (“擊打”)同源。與slaughter、onslaught有關。

slays (third-person singular present)
slaying (present participle)
slew (past)
slayed (past)
slain (past participle)
slayed (past participle)
yslain (past participle)

另一種過去式及過去分詞“slayed”基本上用於俚語義“使人感覺良好、高興”：Harry Charles Witwer (1929年) Yes Man's Land，第 254 頁:“"Cutey, you slayed me !" grins Jackie, working fast. "I guess that's what made the rest of 'em look so bad — you was so good!"”

當然，其他義項也有使用“slayed”，但一般被視為是非標準用法。

根據COCA在美國2000年-2009年的調查中，“slayed”的使用普及度正在上升，但仍不如“slew”。BNC的調查則顯示，“slayed”在英國使用一直很少。

“slain”現在多用於新聞標題，因為比“murdered”短。

The knight slew the dragon.

Our foes must all be slain.

The Prince of Morocco:

c. 1596-97, 威廉·莎士比亞《威尼斯商人》, Act II scene i:

You must slay these thoughts.

The Yankees were actually slayed by two former Yankees because Rich Gossage pitched one scoreless inning in relief of Eckersley to notch his first victory.

1993, Jack Curry, “Yanks’ Bullpen Falls Short Again”, in The New York Times, 1993 April 21:

The Online Slang Dictionary offers nearly 200 words referring to sexual intercourse. Many of the terms and phrases connote violence, such as: “bang,” “beat,” “chopped up,” “cut,” “hit,” “hit raw,” “hit that,” “kick it,” “nail,” “pound,” “ram,” “slap and tickle,” “slay,” “smack,” “smash,” and “spank”

2015 Sexual Harassment in Education and Work Settings: Current Research and Best Practices for Prevention: Current Research and Best Practices for Prevention


druk

(作定語) 捷克的一種玻璃珠，用於工藝品。


reg

I've been going to that chat room for months, and I know most of the regs by now.

我上那個聊天室好幾個月了，現在也基本上認識了那裡的老熟客。


reg

As I say for half a mile round the fort it is rutted gravel. We call this sort of gravelly stuff reg.

1988, Robert Irwin, The Mysteries of Algiers, Dedalus 1993, page 66:


tel

同tell (“山丘”)。


tref

對比威爾士語 tref (“鎮”)。

薩克遜時代以前的英國村莊


tref

同treyf （不合猶太教禮儀的）。


climbs

climb 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


rhymes

rhyme 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


satiety

借自中古法語 satieté，源自拉丁語 satietas。

Eating half of that loaf of bread has left me in a state of utter satiety.

只吃半片麵包已經讓我覺得很飽了。


satiation

/seɪʃɪˈeɪʃən/


Prague

源自捷克語 Praha。更早來源不明；對比捷克語 pražiti (“被燒幹淨的土地”)或práh (“門檻”)。


sny

最早見於晚期中古英語；源自中古英語 snyȝe (“爬行”)；類似丹麥語 snige (“溜走”), 愛爾蘭語 snighim，古愛爾蘭語 snaighim。

snies (third-person singular present)
snying (present participle)
snied (past participle)


sny

最早見於1674年；詞源不明。

（現） 大量存在，成群出現

“And did you kill it?”
“I did, for they’re a nuisance. The place is fair snied wi’ ‛em.”

1913, 大衛·赫伯特·勞倫斯，《兒子與情人》，第四章


sny

最早見於1711年；詞源不明。對比snying、丹麥語 sno (“盤繞”，“纏繞”)。

(造船) 木船上木板向上捲曲的部分
（1711年以前） 木板邊緣向上捲曲的部分

(造船) 木船上木板向上捲曲的部分
（約1850年以前） 木船裡從船中部向兩頭延伸的上捲部分


sny

本拼法最早見於1893年；參見snye。

“Well, Mars Tom, my idea is like dis. It ain’t no use, we can’t kill dem po’ strangers dat ain’t doin’ us no harm, till we’ve had practice — I knows it perfectly well, Mars Tom — ‛deed I knows it perfectly well. But ef we takes a’ ax or two, jist you en me en Huck, en slips acrost de river to-night arter de moon’s gone down, en kills dat sick fam’ly dat’s over on the Sny, en burns dey house down, en —”

1893, 馬克·吐溫，《湯姆·索亞在國外》，《湯姆·索亞探案》等系列故事 (1896), page unknown

The word snye, sny or snie has been used for many years to describe a channel behind an island, with slack current or partly dried, or some such similar feature.

1948, Lawrence Johnstone Burpee [ed.], Canadian Geographical Journal (Royal Canadian Geographical Society), volume 36, page 151


steek

源自低地蘇格蘭語 steek ← 中古英語 steke (“圍起”)、中古荷蘭語 steken (“縫補”)。名詞源自低地蘇格蘭語 steek (“縫”) ← 中古荷蘭語 steek (“縫”)。參見stick, stitch。

steeks (third-person singular present)
steeking (present participle)
steeked (past participle)


steek

Ake Ogilvie told the tale the next day to Ma Cleghorn, Ma lying at rest in her bed, she'd gone to bed with a steek in her side and as lying fair wearied till Ake looked in.

1934, 劉易斯·格拉西克·吉本, Grey Granite, Polygon 2006 (A Scots Quair), p. 565:


Turkia

Turkiye (“土耳其”)之同義詞


swart

源自中古英語 swart ← 古英語 sweart ← 原始日耳曼語 *swartaz。

swarter (comparative)
swartest (superlative)

黑色的，黝黑的，黑褐色的

Men schalle then sone se / Att mydday hytt shalle swarte be

A nation strange, with visage swart

1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, The Faerie Queene, Book 2

I'll choose a gaoler, whose swart monstrous face

1819, 約翰·濟慈, Otho the Great, Act II, Scene I, verses 91-92

The merry soldiers footing it with the swart savage maids

[…] unpierced ever

The keeping eunuchs were at back, solemn in stately rows, bespeared and bescimitared, the Danish, Irish, and German of their countenances lost in the daub which made them swart.

1905, Samuel Major Gardenhire, The Silence of Mrs. Harrold - Page 277:

Suddenly the swart figure of Time stood up before the gods, with both hands dripping with blood and a red sword dangling idly from his fingers, and said: “Sardathrion is gone! I have overthrown it!”


swart

源自中古英語 swarten ← 古英語 sweartian ← 原始日耳曼語 *swartōną。

swarts (third-person singular present)
swarting (present participle)
swarted (past participle)

to swart a living part

[…] the heate of the Sun, whose fervor may swarte a living part, and even black a dead or dissolving flesh,


swart

Howbeit where the rocks and quarrie grounds are, I take the swart of the earth to be so thin, that no tree of anie greatnesse, other than shrubs and bushes, is able to grow or prosper long therein for want of sufficient moisture wherewith to feed them with fresh humour, or at the leastwise of mould […]

1587: Raphael Holinshed, Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland http://www.archive.org/stream/holinshedschroni01holi#page/356/mode/1up


speel

源自古低地蘇格蘭語 speill (“攀爬”)，來不明。類似古低地蘇格蘭語 spelare (“翻跟斗的雜技演員”)。可能源自中古荷蘭語 spelen (“玩，走鋼絲，耍雜技，表演”)，參見spiel。或源自古英語 spilian (“玩”)。

speels (third-person singular present)
speeling (present participle)
speeled (past participle)

(蘇格蘭、北英格蘭) 攀爬

This I thocht at the time when he was speeling up the ladder before me in the Hie Kirk steeple ; but good breeding, at that particular time, keeped me from taking ony correck view of how things stood in that quarter.

1832 March 5, Memoirs of a Paisley Baillie, The Day: A Journal of Literature, Fine Arts, Fashions, &c., Glasgow, page 218,

They were catched speeling up the lamp-posts and taking oot the cruizes and drinking the ulye, wick and a′.

1841, Humorous Traits of an Old Highland Gentleman, Chambers′ Edinburgh Journal, Volume 9, Numbers 317-318, page 94,

There is a comfortable inn at this picturesque spot, where those who purpose speeling the lofty Ben generally prepare for their arduous undertaking.

1860, Hugh MacDonald, Days at the Coast: A Series of Sketches Descriptive of the Firth of Clyde, Glasgow, page 255,


speel

源自英語方言speel (“說話；喋喋不休”)，bonspiel的縮略。參見spiel。

Old Saxon, who was so sweet and gentle despite his long years on the halls, smiled at me and suggested I should do some speeling. Yedo gave me a megaphone. I held it to my mouth but there was silence.

1972, Sven Berlin, Pride of the Peacock: The Evolution of an Artist, page 91,

“I must close now or I shall go on speeling all night. […] ”

1973, Irene Baird, Waste Heritage, Macmillan of Canada, page 262,


speel

可能源自南非語 speel。對比中古英語 spel (“故事；敘述”)。參見spell。


speel

可能源自中古英語 spilen (“作樂，遊玩”) ← 古英語 spilian (“作樂，遊玩”) ← 原始日耳曼語 *spilōną。與荷蘭語 spelen (“玩”), 德語 spielen (“玩”), 盧森堡語 spillen (“玩”), 冰島語 spila (“玩”), 法羅語 spæla (“玩”), 瑞典語 spela (“玩”), 丹麥語 spille (“玩”), 挪威語 spille (“玩”)同源。

(鄉村、北英格蘭、蘇格蘭) 玩，進行（娛樂）活動

To speel ba'.


speel

源自原始日耳曼語 *spilą (“舞蹈，遊戲”)。

(鄉村、北英格蘭、蘇格蘭) 遊戲

To play a good speel.


hae

haes (third-person singular present)
haeing (present participle)
haed (past participle)


COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (“慢性阻塞性肺病”)之首字母縮略詞。


heterosexism

One of the driving forces behind slash and femslash is the pervading heterosexism of commercial media – if television will not give us the due proportion of same-sex eroticism we are entitled to expect, then we will make it for ourselves.

2010，Stacey Abbott，The Cult TV Book，頁 245:


NEET

Not in Education, Employment, or Training (“不正受教育、僱傭、培訓中”)的縮寫。原為英國政府術語，最早見於20世紀90年代。後傳至日本及其他一些國家，意思也有發生改變。

Studies have shown that NEETs are usually between the ages of 18 to 40 years and may be the victims of family breakdown and mental illness, lack of discipline also contributes to the problem.

2006，Suvendrini Kakuchi，“Turning to 'NEETS' to Cover Labour Shortages”, in Inter Press Service:

The NEET population in 2003, according to a Ministry of Health and Labor estimate last September, was 520,000.


arty

artier (comparative)
artiest (superlative)


nooit

借自南非語 nooit (“從不”)。

STIX: You never bought shit? HENRY: Never! STIX: Nooit?

1999, David Graver, Drama for a New South Africa: Seven Plays (page 133)

What would your average South African celebrity say if you used her name or image to sell your product without first obtaining her consent? Probably something like 'Nooit, ek sê, I want big bucks.'

2005, Hans Muhlberg, The Law of the Brand (page 72)


hafta

have to縮音的書寫形式。

hasta (third-person singular present)
hafta (third-person singular present)
hadda

I hafta fill in my tax return.


have to

has to (third-person singular present)
having to (present participle)
had to (past participle)

have to 後常跟動詞不定式。

I don't want to go to school, but I have to.

I was about to say that I had known the Celebrity from the time he wore kilts. But I see I will have to amend that, because he was not a celebrity then, nor, indeed, did he achieve fame until some time after I left New York for the West.

Energy has seldom been found where we need it when we want it. Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame.

2013 July-August，Henry Petroski，“Geothermal Energy”, in 美國科學家，卷 101, 期 4:

I just have to have that shirt; you have to wear a seat belt

（與be動詞連用）一定（邏輯推斷）

that has to be the postman; it has to be an electrical fault

那一定是快遞員; 一定是有電器故障


sandur

借自冰島語 sandur (“沙”)。sand的雙詞。


honing

In future honings, you'll assume the tip is touching the stone on the back when it is, in fact, above the stone's surface.

2007, Fine Woodworking (issues 195-201, page 57)


mets

Mets can be found in multiple organs.

腫瘤轉移可出現在多種器官中。


chloro-

源自古希臘語 χλωρός (khlōrós，“淺綠色”)。


SOB

:Template:可數 son of a bitch (“狗娘養的”)的縮寫。

:Template:不可數 shortness of breath (“呼吸困難”)的縮寫。


coronavirus

/kəˈɹəʊnəˌvaɪɹəs/

/kəˈɹoʊnəˌvaɪɹəs/

冠狀病毒 （自20世紀60年代）


f**k

f**ks (third-person singular present)
f**king (present participle)
f*****g (present participle)
f**ked (past participle)
f****d (past participle)


Azerbaijani

/ˌæzəbaɪˈdʒɑːni/

/ˌæzəɹbaɪˈdʒɑːni/


Azerbaijani

/ˌæzəbaɪˈdʒɑːni/

/ˌæzəɹbaɪˈdʒɑːni/


Azerbaijani

/ˌæzəbaɪˈdʒɑːni/

/ˌæzəɹbaɪˈdʒɑːni/


Bashkortostan

借自俄語 Башкортоста́н (Baškortostán)，源自巴什基爾語 Башҡортостан (Bašqortostan)。

[bɑʃˈkɔɹtoə̯stɛən]

巴什科爾托斯坦共和國（俄羅斯自治共和國）


Basra

巴士拉（伊拉克南部城市）


Bealtaine

Beltane的另一種拼寫法


Breton

加拿大阿爾伯塔省一村莊名。


Birobidzhan

源自俄語 Биробиджа́н (Birobidžán)。

比羅比詹，俄羅斯猶太自治州首府。


Blagoveshchensk

源自俄語 Благове́щение (Blagovéščenije，“天使報喜”)，源自天使報喜教堂的名稱。

Blagoveschensk

布拉戈維申斯克（海蘭泡），俄羅斯阿穆爾州首府。:Template:分類

布拉戈維申斯克（海蘭泡），俄羅斯阿穆爾州首府。:Template:分類


's-Hertogenbosch

/ˌsɜɹtoʊɡənˈbɔs/

/ˌsɜːtəʊɡənˈbɒs/


Cairns

凱恩斯，澳大利亞昆士蘭州港口。 :Template:分類


Cayenne

Guyana (“圭亞那”)的法語形。


Cantabria

可能是凱爾特語族名稱，參見原始凱爾特語 *kantos (“邊角”)或*cant- (“岩石”)。

坎塔布里亞（西班牙自治區名）


ciprofloxacin

源自 cy(clo)pro(pyl) + -floxacin (“萘啶酸衍生物”)。


Guatemala City

危地馬拉城（首都名，位於危地馬拉）


colón

科隆（哥斯達黎加貨幣，薩爾瓦多前貨幣）


Cusco

Cuzco的另一種拼寫法


Damascus

源自拉丁語 Damascus ← 古希臘語 Δαμασκός (Damaskós)，源自閃米特語族。參見希伯來語 דַּמֶּשֶׂק。


Damask

more Damask (comparative)
most Damask (superlative)


short fuse

to be on a short fuse


Danzig

但澤（格但斯克在德國統治時期名稱）


Dead Sea

仿譯自拉丁語 Mare Mortuus，受到古希臘語 Νεκρά Θάλασσα (Nekrá Thálassa)、阿拉伯語 اَلْبَحْر الْمَيِّت (al-baḥr al-mayyit)的影響。


Dnepr

Dnieper的另一種拼寫法


Dnieper

源自俄語 Днепр (Dnepr)。


Yekaterinburg

借自俄語 Екатеринбу́рг (Jekaterinbúrg)，源自俄羅斯女皇葉卡捷琳娜一世。


Euphrates

源自古希臘語 Εὐφράτης (Euphrátēs) ← 古波斯語 𐎢𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎬𐎢 (u-f-r-a-tu-u) ← 埃蘭語 𒌑𒅁𒊏𒌅𒅖 (ú-ip-ra-tu-iš)。與阿卡德語 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (^(ÍD)Purattu)有關（對比古典敘利亞語 ܦܪܬ (P(ə)rāṯ)）。Elamite、阿卡德語、蘇美爾語的詞形可能源自一未有文字記錄的基底詞。或源自原始蘇美爾語 *𒁍𒍏 burudu “銅”（蘇美爾語𒍏 (urudu)），這可能是當時銅通過幼發拉底河由筏子運往冶金中心。


Faroe Islands

源自古諾爾斯語 Færeyjar (“法羅群島”，字面意思是“綿羊群島”)，fær (“綿羊”) + eyjar (“群島”)。


Micronesia

源自古希臘語 μικρόνησος (mikrónēsos，“小島”) + -ia，源自μικρός (mikrós，“小”) + νῆσος (nêsos，“島”)。

/ˌmaɪ.kɹəʊˈniː.ʒə/

/ˌmaɪ.kɹəʊˈniː.ʃə/

密克羅尼西亞（大洋洲地理分區，在美拉尼西亞以西）

密克羅尼西亞聯邦（Federated States of Micronesia）


Fez

源自阿拉伯語 فَاس (fās)。


Galapagos Islands

源自西班牙語 galápago (“龜”)。


Gdańsk

源自波蘭語 Gdańsk。

格但斯克（波蘭北部城市）


Jeddah

借自阿拉伯語 جِدَّة (jidda)。

吉達（城市名，位於沙烏地阿拉伯）


Gini coefficient

源自意大利語統計學家、社會學家Corrado Gini。

/ˈdʒiːni ˌkəʊˈɪ.fɪʃn̩t/


Gothenburg

/ˈɡɒθn̩bɜːɡ/

哥德堡（瑞典第二大城市）


Grodno

格羅德諾 (白俄羅斯城市)


habanero

/ˌ(h)ɑːbəˈnɛɹəʊ/

音頻 (美國，北加利福尼亞)


Halab

源自阿拉伯語 حَلَب (ḥalab)。


Havanna

Havana (“古巴雪茄”)的舊寫法。


Hejaz

漢志，沙特阿拉伯地區名。


Aktau

源自哈薩克語 Ақтау (Aqtau，字面意思是“白山”)，可能源自從裡海望的視角。


Khujand

Khodjend (alternative)
Khodzhent (alternative)
Khojend (alternative)

苦盞（市名，位於塔吉克斯坦），粟特州首府。


Atyrau

借自哈薩克語 Атырау (Atyrau)，來源不明，幾種說法均指向流經城市的河流。


Nouadhibou

努瓦迪布，毛里塔尼亞城市


Vũng Tàu

借自越南語 Vũng Tàu.


Cà Mau

借自越南語 Cà Mau。

金甌 （越南南部城市及省份名） :Template:分類


Ulan-Ude

源自布里亞特語 Улаан-Үдэ (Ulaan-Üde)，通過俄語 Ула́н-Удэ́ (Ulán-Udɛ́)。

烏蘭烏德，俄羅斯東南部城市


Choibalsan

:Template:分類 喬巴山，蒙古國城市


Manzhouli

:Template:分類 滿洲里，中國內蒙古城市


Hrodna

源自白俄羅斯語 Гро́дна (Hródna)。


Patna

巴特那，印度比哈爾邦首府


Allahabad

源自烏爾都語 اللہآباد (ilāhābād)/印地語 इलाहाबाद (ilāhābād) ← 波斯語 اللهآباد (Allâh-âbâd) ← 阿拉伯語 اَللّٰه (allāh) + 波斯語 آباد (âbâd)。等同於Allah + -abad。

/ˌæləhəˈbæd/

/ˌæləhəˈbɑːd/

安拉阿巴德/阿拉哈巴德，印度北方邦城市


Ipoh

源自馬來語 Ipoh ← ipuh ← 原始馬來語 *hipuh ← 原始馬來-波利尼西亞語 *qipuq。

怡保，馬來西亞霹靂州首府


以每分鐘33⅓轉播放的留聲機唱片


Issyk Kul

源自吉爾吉斯語 Ысык-Көл (Isık-Köl，字面意思是“熱湖”)，通過俄語 Иссык-Ку́ль (Issyk-Kúlʹ)。

伊塞克湖，吉爾吉斯斯坦一淡水湖


Jaffna

源自泰米爾語 யாழ்ப்பாணம் (yāḻppāṇam)。

賈夫納，斯里蘭卡城市:Template:分類


Yamoussoukro

亞穆蘇克羅，科特迪瓦/象牙海岸首都


Golmud

源自蒙古語 ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠮᠤᠳ (ɣoolmud)。


Myitkyina

借自緬甸語 မြစ်ကြီးနား (mrackri:na:)。

密支那，緬甸克欽邦的首府


Shwebo

借自緬甸語 ရွှေဘို (hrwebhui)。


Taunggyi

借自緬甸語 တောင်ကြီး (taungkri:)。


Jewish Autonomous Oblast

Jewish Autonomous Region

猶太自治州，俄羅斯遠東地區一行政區

JAR

猶太自治州，俄羅斯遠東地區一行政區

Yevreyskaya Avtonomnaya Oblast

猶太自治州，俄羅斯遠東地區一行政區

猶太自治州，俄羅斯遠東地區一行政區


Magadan

馬加丹，俄羅斯遠東城市及州名


Jyväskylä

源自芬蘭語 Jyväskylä。


Kairouan

借自阿拉伯語 اَلْقَيْرُوَان (al-qayruwān)，源自قَيْرُوَان (qayruwān)，借自中古波斯語 kʾlwʾn' (kārawān)。


Kaliningrad

/kəˈlɪnɪnɡɹæd/

加里寧格勒，俄羅斯城市及州名


Königsberg

借自德語 Königsberg，源自König (“王”) + Berg (“山”)，以奥托卡二世（波西米亞國王）命名。

/ˈkɜːnɪɡzˌbɜːɡ/

/ˈkɜnɪɡzˌbɝɡ/

/ˈkeɪnɪɡzˌbɝɡ/

哥尼斯堡，俄羅斯城市加里寧格勒舊名 :Template:分類


Ebro

源自西班牙語 Ebro ← 拉丁語 Hiberus。

埃布羅河，西班牙河流:Template:分類


Kamboja

不明。一些學者認為與Kambujiya (“岡比西斯”)有關，但“there are also scholars who denounce a connection between Kamboja and Kambujiya … and who defend another etymology（也有的學者不認為Kamboja 和 Kambujiya有聯繫，並認為另有來源）”。。對比Kambuja, Kamboj, Kamboja (name)。

Denying this claim, the Buddha tells Assalayana how in Yona and Kamboja and other outlying regions there are two vannas, the master and the slave, and that it is possible for a master to become a slave or for a slave to become a master.

1995, Narendra K Wagle, Society at the time of the Buddha, page 35:

The most significant fact about the mention of the Kamboja people in the early literary and epigraphic records of India is that they are usually associated with the Yavanas and often with both the Yavanas and Gandharas.

1990, DC Sircar, Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India, page 196:


Kandahar

借自普什圖語 کندهار (Kandahār)，Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros) 的一種形式。和Alexander 的同源對似詞 同源。

坎大哈，坎達哈（城市名，位於阿富汗）


kandy

candy的另一種寫法 (印度質量單位)


Karelia

卡累利阿，地區名；俄羅斯自治共和國名


Kayseri

源自土耳其語 Kayseri。

開塞利，土耳其城市及省份名


Kemerovo

克麥羅沃，俄羅斯西伯利亞地區城市及州名


Kharkiv

源自烏克蘭語 Ха́рків (Xárkiv)（對比俄語 Ха́рьков (Xárʹkov) → Kharkov）。名稱源自哈爾科夫河。民間傳說源自哥薩克名稱Харко́ (Xarkó)，源自Харько́ (Xarʹkó)，源自希臘語Χαρίτων (Charíton)，但沒有更多證據。

哈爾科夫，烏克蘭城市及州名


friseur

As for poor Owen, could the bob-wig which he then wore have uncurled itself, and stood on end with horror, I am convinced the morning's labour of the friseur would have been undone, merely by the excess of his astonishment at this enormity.


Kirov

1934年更名，以謝爾蓋·基洛夫命名。

:Template:分類 基洛夫，俄羅斯城市及州名


Komori

小森（源自日語的姓氏）:Template:分類


Konya

源自土耳其語 Konya ← 古希臘語 Ἰκόνιον (Ikónion)。

:Template:分類 科尼亞，土耳其城市名


Kosova

源自阿爾巴尼亞語 Kosova。


Kota Bharu

哥打巴魯，馬來西亞吉蘭丹州首府


Kostroma

:Template:分類 科斯特羅馬，俄羅斯城市及州名


Końskie

孔斯凱，波蘭城市:Template:分類


Kubo

一種使用於巴布亞新幾內亞的語言。


Kunduz

昆都士，阿富汗城市及省份名:Template:分類


Kurgan

源自俄語 курган (kurgan)，源自（對比土耳其語kurgan (“堡壘”)）。

庫爾干，俄羅斯城市及州名


Kyiv

源自烏克蘭語 Ки́їв (Kýjiv)，源自傳說中的建城者基伊（Кий (Kyj)）。對比俄語 Ки́ев (Kíjev) ← Кий (Kij)。


Kyzyl

克孜勒，俄羅斯圖瓦共和國首府


WHO

/ˈdʌbəljuː ˈeɪt͡ʃ ˈəʊ/

World Health Organization (“世界衛生組織”)的縮寫：世衛。


mecca

同Mecca (“熱門地區”)。


Laosi

Laozi的另一種拼寫法


Laozi

官話 老子 (Lǎozǐ)的拼音。


Tao Te Ching

官話 道德經／道德经 (Dàodéjīng)的威妥瑪拼音。

/ˌtaʊ ˌteɪ ˈt͡ʃɪŋ/


latakia

源自Latakia (“拉塔基亞，靠近本種煙草的產地”)，源自阿拉伯語 اللَاذِقِيَّة (al-lāḏiqiyya)。


Launceston

朗塞斯頓 英國康沃爾鎮名

朗塞斯頓 澳大利亞塔斯馬尼亞州城市名


Liberec

利貝雷茨，捷克城市:Template:分類


Liman

more Liman (comparative)
most Liman (superlative)


Liège

列日，比利時城市及省份名


Lodz

波蘭語 Łódź的英語化。

:Template:分類 羅茲，波蘭城市及省份名。


Luang Prabang

:Template:分類 琅勃拉邦，老撾城市


Lao

借自老撾語 ລາວ (lāo)。


Mahoma

源自其在羅曼語族語言中的名稱。


Magnitogorsk

馬格尼托哥爾斯克，俄羅斯城市


Malacca

源自馬來語 Melaka，可能源自melaka，一種藤。

馬六甲，馬來西亞城市及州名。


Malmö

源自瑞典語 Malmö，源自中古丹麥語 Malmoghe或Malmhauge (字面意思是“礦山”)，等同於現代malm (“礦”) + høj (“山”)；源自古諾爾斯語、原始日耳曼語 ← 原始印歐語。

:Template:分類 馬爾默，瑞典城市


Mamoudzou

馬穆楚，法國海外領土馬約特城市


Manas

瑪納斯，柯爾克孜族（吉爾吉斯）史詩。

瑪納斯縣，中國新疆昌吉州下轄縣。


Manas

源自印地語 मानस (mānas)。


Mauretania

毛里塔尼亞（古代柏柏爾人王國）


Mogilev

:Template:分類 莫吉廖夫，白俄羅斯城市


Mopti

:Template:分類 莫普提，馬里中部城市


Moskva

俄語 Москва́ (Moskvá)的轉寫。


Mosul

:Template:分類 摩蘇爾，伊拉克城市


Mostar

莫斯塔爾，波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維那城市


Murad

:Template:分類 穆拉德（源自突厥語族的男子名）


Mohammed

本形式在18世紀替代Mahomet，直到20世紀40年代逐漸被Muhammad取代。


Musa

源自阿拉伯語 مُوسَى (mūsā), 波斯語 موسی (Musâ), 土耳其語 Musa；源自聖經希伯來語。


Mush

借自亞美尼亞語 Մուշ (Muš)。

:Template:分類 穆什，土耳其城市及省份名


Myanma

源自緬甸語 မြန်မာ့ (mranma.)。

Myanma Railways


Nablus

源自阿拉伯語 نَابُلُس (nābulus) ← 拉丁語 Neapolis ← 古希臘語 Νεάπολις (Neápolis)；參見Naples, Nabeul。

:Template:分類 納布盧斯，約旦河西岸城市


Nakhodka

源自俄語 нахо́дка (naxódka，“發現”)。

納霍德卡，俄羅斯港口城市


Nakhchivan

寫法源自阿塞拜疆語 Naxçivan。


Nadir

未知。可能源自阿拉伯語 نَزِير (nazīr，“不重要的，少見的”)；或نَذِير (naḏīr，“吉祥的”)。


Najaf

源自阿拉伯語 اَلْـنَـجَـفْ (al-najaf)。

納傑夫（城市名，位於伊拉克）


Naxcivan

本寫法源自阿塞拜疆語 Naxçivan。


Nakhichevan

源自古典亞美尼亞語 Նախճաւան (Naxčawan)。Nakhichevan的寫法源自俄語 Нахичева́нь (Naxičevánʹ)。

納希切萬，阿塞拜疆下轄自治共和國，為一外飛地


Norwegia

源自古英語 Norweg, Norþweg ← 古諾爾斯語 Norvegr (“北方道路”), Norðvegr，源自norðr (“北”) + vegr (“道，路”)。


Nouméa

努美阿，新喀里多尼亞首府


Novokuznetsk

:Template:分類 新庫茲涅茨克，俄羅斯城市


Novi Sad

諾維薩德，塞爾維亞伏伊伏丁那首府。


Nukus

源自烏茲別克語 Nukus。

:Template:分類 努庫斯，烏茲別克斯坦城市


Olsztyn

:Template:分類 奧爾什丁，波蘭城市


Omsk

鄂木斯克，俄羅斯城市及州名


Opole

:Template:分類 奧波萊，波蘭城市及省份名


Oporto

源自葡萄牙語 o (“定冠詞”) + Porto (“波爾圖”)，源自porto (“港口”)。

/əˈpɔː(ɹ)təʊ/

同Porto (“波爾圖”)。


Orenburg

奧倫堡，俄羅斯城市及州名。


Ordubad

奧爾杜巴德，阿塞拜疆納希切萬城市


Oskemen

厄斯克門，哈薩克斯坦城市


Ostrava

俄斯特拉發，捷克共和國城市


Panama City

:Template:分類 美國佛羅里達州城市。


Petrozavodsk

俄語 Петрозаво́дск (Petrozavódsk)，源自Пётр (Pjotr，“彼得大帝”) + завод (zavod，“工廠”) + -ск (-sk)。

彼得羅扎沃茨克，俄羅斯卡累利阿共和國首府


Pskov

普斯科夫，俄羅斯城市及州名


pilsner

源自德語 Pilsner，源自Pilsen（其產地）。


Ploiești

普洛耶什蒂，羅馬尼亞城市


Pokhara

借自尼泊爾語 पोखरा (pokharā)。


Poltava

源自烏克蘭語 Полта́ва (Poltáva)。

波爾塔瓦，烏克蘭城市及州名


Port of Spain

西班牙港，特立尼達和多巴哥首都


Portugall

AMONGST other coũtryes which were vnknowne to vs of Europe vntill in this later age they were diſcouered by the Spaniardes & Portugalls, one is Iapone...

1619, W. W. Gent, A briefe relation of the persecution lately made against the Catholike christians, in the Kingdome of Iaponia

The Kingdome of Congo is about 600. miles diameter any way, the chiefe Citie called St. Savadore, seated upon an exceeding high mountaine, 150. miles from the Sea, verie fertile, and inhabited with more than 100000. persons, where is an excellent prospect over all the plaine Countreyes about it, well watered, lying (as it were) in the Center of this Kingdome, over all which the Portugalls now command, though but an handfull in comparison of Negroes.

1630, John Smith, Travels of Captaine John Smith, 1907 edition, Vol. II, p. 167-8 https://web.archive.org/web/20081203181040/http://www.webroots.org/library/usahist/ghov2-07.html

At a congregational meeting he was for the reception of the Portugall embassador.


Poznan

波蘭語 Poznań的英語化。

:Template:分類 波茲南，波蘭城市


Pressburg

:Template:舊 普利斯堡（布拉迪斯拉發舊名）


Puno

源自克丘亞語 Punu 或艾馬拉語 Punu。

普諾（城市，大區及行政區名，位於秘魯東南）。

城市名，位於位於該國東南部的的喀喀湖畔秘魯。


Ragusa

借自意大利語 Ragusa，據說派生自 Lausa，當地的一塊岩石。本詞可能源自“厚塊”一詞，與意大利語losanga同源。參見lozenge。

:Template:分類 拉古薩，意大利西西里城市及省份名

克羅地亞城市杜布羅夫尼克舊名 （1918年前）


Rijeka

借自塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 Rijéka/Рије́ка (字面意思是“河”)，直譯自拉丁語 Flūmen，源自flūmen。

:Template:分類 里耶卡，克羅地亞城市


Ruse

:Template:分類 魯塞，保加利亞城市


Saint Louis

源自法語 Saint-Louis，源自法國國王路易九世。
阿爾薩斯地名源自德語 Sankt Ludwig bei Basel。
明尼蘇達州河流名源自聖路易勛章，源頭也是路易九世。

對於Louis的讀音，一般是法語的地點則隨法語讀音（即尾s不發音），美國的地點則用英語讀音。

聖路易斯，美國密蘇里州城市。

...that Saint Louis smarty that thinks he dresses so fine...

法國阿爾薩斯大區市鎮名。


Saint-Domingue

法属圣多明戈，法國在伊斯帕尼奧拉島的殖民地，即今天的海地

In a mere twelve years, for example, between 1779 and 1790, the slave ships that plied the coast of Africa from Sierra Leone to Mozambique unloaded close to four hundred thousand slaves in Saint Domingue.

1985, Wade Davis, The Serpent and the Rainbow, Simon & Schuster, p. 40:

Slavery was rarely pleasant, but the conditions on St. Domingue were notoriously bad.

2007, Kevin Filan, The Haitian Vodou Handbook, Destiny Books 2007, p. 14:

The future general was born in 1762 in the French sugar colony of Saint-Domingue, in the western half of the island.

2012, 喬納森·基茨, ‘Mon Père, ce héros’, Literary Review, 402:


Sakha Republic

薩哈共和國，俄羅斯下轄的自治共和國


Sakhalin

源自俄語 Сахали́н (Saxalín，“薩哈林”)，借自滿語 ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ (sahaliyan，“黑”)，源自滿語 ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᡠᠯᠠ
ᠠᡢᡤᠠ
ᡥᠠᡩᠠ (sahaliyan ula aᡢga hada，“黑龍江嘴頂”)。


Saskatoon

薩斯卡通，加拿大薩斯克徹溫省城市


Satu Mare

源自羅馬尼亞語 Satu Mare。

薩圖馬雷，羅馬尼亞城市 :Template:分類


smithy

源自中古英語 smythy ← 古諾爾斯語 smiðja ← 原始日耳曼語 *smiþjǭ（參見古英語 smiþþe → 英語 smithe）。


smithy

smithies (third-person singular present)
smithying (present participle)
smithied (past participle)

(不常用) （手工）打造，鍛造

So the old smith went out to his smithy and weighed out iron enough to make a stout staff a stone weight, and he smithied it well while his son looked on. […] So they weighed six stone of iron and smithied a great bent club like a shinny, and when that was made and cooled the smith's son said, "that will do."

1995，John Francis Campbell，The Celtic Dragon Myth，頁 59:


schuss

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-schuss.wav


schuss

schusses (third-person singular present)
schussing (present participle)
schussed (past participle)


Sea of Okhotsk

源自Okhotsk (“鄂霍茨克”)。


Semey

:Template:分類 塞梅伊，哈薩克斯坦城市


Sfax

:Template:分類 斯法克斯，突尼斯城市


Shah Alam

沙阿蘭，馬來西亞雪蘭莪州首府


Shymkent

奇姆肯特，哈薩克斯坦城市 :Template:分類


Sidon

借自古希臘語 Σιδών (Sidṓn)，源自腓尼基語 𐤑𐤉𐤃𐤅𐤍 (ṣydwn)。

西頓，古腓尼基城邦，即現代黎巴嫩城市賽達。


Sinop

源自土耳其語 Sinop ← 古希臘語 Σινώπη (Sinṓpē)。

:Template:分類 錫諾普，土耳其城市


Siri

蘋果公司的一款語音程式。


Siri

源自意大利語 Siri。


Siri

尼日利亞的一種亞非語系語言。


Smolensk

源自俄語 Смоле́нск (Smolénsk)。

:Template:分類 斯摩棱斯克，俄羅斯城市及州名


maccha

matcha的非標準寫法。


Stara Zagora

:Template:分類 舊扎戈拉，保加利亞城市


Stettin

什切青 (多指其在普魯士/德國統治時期):Template:分類


Sumy

源自烏克蘭語 Су́ми (Súmy)。


Pentredwr

彭特雷德，威尔士北部的名称


Swede

源自中古低地德語 Swêde，源自日耳曼語族詞，類似古英語 Swēoþēod (“瑞典人”)，源自Swēon (“瑞典人”) (古諾爾斯語 Svíar)，源自原始日耳曼語 *swihô (“瑞典人”)。與荷蘭語 Zweed, 德語 Schwede同源。

古代瑞典中部一日耳曼部落的成員


swiss

swisses (third-person singular present)
swissing (present participle)
swissed (past participle)

滾動、敲打以使（肉、織物等）軟化


Swiss

源自中古法語 Suisse（1515年左右），Switzer的形直接借自德語。

more Swiss (comparative)
most Swiss (superlative)


Swiss

源自中古法語 Suisse（1515年左右），Switzer的形直接借自德語。

My favourite sandwich has roast beef and Swiss on rye bread.

我最喜歡的三文治有烤牛肉，黑麥麵包上有瑞士奶酪。


Swiss

源自中古法語 Suisse（1515年左右），Switzer的形直接借自德語。


swede

源自 Swedish turnip，源自18世紀早期瑞典人引種其至英國。

(蘇格蘭、愛爾蘭、英格蘭北部) 蕪菁

Gotta be so careful nowadays; local copper's no problem but the cow from the council done me 'cos this almost brained a punter when it fell on his swede.

2005, The Spectator (volume 299, page 49)


swede

米歇爾·岡瑞於電影《王牌製片家》使用，劇中聲稱這種方法是源自瑞典。

swedes (third-person singular present)
sweding (present participle)
sweded (past participle)

不用專業的演員或攝製技術，以低成本地重編電影

Chances are you've sweded something before without even knowing it.

2008, Esquire, "The Five Most Awesomely Sweded Movies"

Luke Skywalker, Indiana Jones and John Rambo are this era's King Arthur, Beowulf and Robin Hood – and sweding represents a playful and heartfelt engagement with their myths.

2014, The Guardian, "Sweded movies: the end of Hollywood as we know it?"


Syktyvkar

源自俄語 Сыктывка́р (Syktyvkár)，源自茲梁科米語 Сыктыв (Syktyv，“瑟索拉河”) + кар (kar，“城市”)。

瑟克特夫卡爾，俄羅斯城市


Szczecin

源自波蘭語。Stettin源自德語，是同義詞。1133年本詞首次出現時為 Stetin。源自斯拉夫語族；參見英語維基百科條目。


Szeged

:Template:分類 塞格德，匈牙利城市


Ségou

源自法語 Ségou，源自班巴拉語Segu。

:Template:分類 塞古，馬里城市及區名


Shkodër

:Template:分類 斯庫台，阿爾巴尼亞城市


Tartar

源自古法語 Tartaire ← 中世紀拉丁語 Tartarus (“韃靼人，人”) ← 古突厥語 Tatar，拼寫受拉丁語 Tartarus (“（希臘神話中的）冥界”)影響，源自古希臘語 Τάρταρος (Tártaros)。

Tatar的另一種拼寫法

Persia is a great country, which was in old times very illustrious and powerful; but now the Tartars have wasted and destroyed it.
波斯是個偉大的國度，古時候這裡曾繁榮強大；如今韃靼人卻荒廢摧毀了它。

《馬克·波羅遊記》，卷1，章13:


Tartar

more Tartar (comparative)
most Tartar (superlative)

Tartar customs


Tartar

源自亞美尼亞語 Թարթառ (Tʻartʻaṙ)。

泰爾泰爾河，高加索地區河流


Tartus

塔爾圖斯，敘利亞城市及省份名 :Template:分類


Ashdod

阿什杜德，以色列城市 :Template:分類


Palma de Mallorca

帕爾馬，西班牙馬略卡島上城市


Gijón

中世紀拉丁語中寫作 Gigia，但再早的來源不明。

希洪，西班牙西北部城市 :Template:分類


Tatarstan

韃靼斯坦，俄羅斯下轄自治共和國


Tbilisi

借自俄語 Тбили́си (Tbilísi)，源自格魯吉亞語 თბილისი (tbilisi)。

T'bilisi said guerillas it did not control were involved in fighting on the Georgian side.

2002，Gregory Copley，Defense & Foreign Affairs Handbook，頁 632:

In addition, Moscow argued that Georgia had violated international law by introducing its forces into South Ossetia, a move Moscow said Tbilisi had committed itself not to do under the earlier CIS-sponsored peacekeeping arrangements.

2009，Svante E. Cornell, S. Frederick Star，The Guns of August 2008: Russia's War in Georgia, →ISBN，頁 184:

The international observers demanded that Tbilisi make the original of the order available to them so that this aspect could be investigated. But Tbilisi said it was an official military secret and refused to hand over the document...

2011，Alexander Sosnowski，The Georgia Syndrome，頁 25:


Tel Aviv

源自希伯來語 תֵּל אָבִיב (tel 'avív)，源自内厄姆·索科洛夫對西奥多·赫茨尔 《新故鄉》的標題翻譯。源自תֵּל (tél，“古代遺跡形成的山丘”)，表示“古” + אָבִיב ('avív，“春”)，表示“新”。

(非正式、前稱) 指特拉維夫-雅法


Temuco

源自馬普切語 Temuko。


The Hague

（不是La Hague）源自法語對荷蘭語 Den Haag的翻譯，'s-Gravenhage的縮略，源自中古荷蘭語 des Graven hage（15世紀早期），字面意思為“伯爵的圈地”。


Hague

海牙： 北達科塔州城市名。

海牙： 薩斯喀徹溫省城鎮名。


Thiès

:Template:分類 捷斯，塞內加爾城市


Tian Shan

源自官話 天山 (Tiānshān)。


Tiflis

Tbilisi (“第比利斯”)的舊稱。


Timișoara

源自羅馬尼亞語 Timișoara ← 匈牙利語 Temesvár。

蒂米什瓦拉，羅馬尼亞城市


tyran

tyrans (third-person singular present)
tyranning (present participle)
tyranned (past participle)


Tirol

Tyrol的另一種拼寫法


Tiraspol

蒂拉斯波爾，摩爾多瓦城市


Tomsk

托木斯克，俄羅斯城市及州名


Toowoomba

不確定；參見英語維基百科條目History of Toowoomba, Queensland。

:Template:分類 圖文巴，澳大利亞昆士蘭州城市


Townsville

:Template:分類 湯斯維爾，澳大利亞昆士蘭州城市


Trabzon

源自土耳其語 Trabzon，源自古希臘語 Τραπεζοῦς (Trapezoûs)。


Tromsø

源自挪威語 Tromsø。


Tun

源自緬甸語 ထွန်း (htwan:)。


Tuva

借自俄語 Тува́ (Tuvá)。

圖瓦共和國，俄羅斯一自治共和國。


Tver

特維爾，俄羅斯城市及州名


Tuzla

源自塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 Tuzla/Тузла ← 鄂圖曼土耳其語 طوزله (Tuzla) ← طوز (tuzb，“鹽”)。

:Template:分類 圖茲拉，波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維那城市


Tyr

源自古諾爾斯語 Týr ← 原始日耳曼語 *Tīwaz ← 原始印歐語 *dyew- (“神”)。與古英語 Tīw同源。

提爾（北歐神話的戰爭之神）


Tyumen

:Template:分類 秋明，俄羅斯城市及州名。


Türkmenabat

:Template:分類 土庫曼納巴德，土庫曼斯坦城市


Udmurtia

烏德穆爾特共和國，俄羅斯一自治共和國名


Ufa

源自俄語 Уфа́ (Ufá)。


Ulyanovsk

1924年更名，紀念列寧（弗拉基米爾·烏里揚諾夫，Vladimir Ulyanov）

烏里揚諾夫斯克，俄羅斯城市及州名


Varna

varna的首字母大寫形。


Varna

:Template:分類 瓦爾納，保加利亞城市


Vienne

維埃納，法國省份名 :Template:分類

:Template:分類 維埃納河，法國河流名


Aegean Sea

通過拉丁語 Aegaeum mare，源自古希臘語 Αἰγαῖον πέλαγος (Aigaîon pélagos)。


Adana

:Template:分類 阿達納，土耳其城市及省份名。


Abakan

阿巴坎，俄羅斯哈卡斯共和國首府


Arbela

美索不達米亞古城，今伊拉克城市Arbil (“埃爾比勒”)。


Arkhangelsk

Archangel

阿爾漢格爾斯克，俄羅斯城市及州名

阿爾漢格爾斯克，俄羅斯城市及州名


Azeri Turkic

Generally he is accounted an Azeri Turkic rather than an Ottoman poet though frequently, like Kadi Biirhaneddin and Fuzuli, he is included in lists of Ottoman Turkish poets.

1973，Kathleen R. F. Burrill，The Quatrains of Nesimî, Fourteenth-century Turkic Hurufi，頁 46:


Azeri Turkic

Yet, classifying these varieties, which are spoken in the sphere of influence of the two major Oghuz languages, Azeri Turkic and Ottoman or Modern Standard Turkish, is difficult

2006, Christiane Bulut, "Syntactic traces of Turkic-Iranian contiguity: An areal survey of language contact-induced shift in patterns of relativization", Turkic-Iranian contact areas: Historical and linguistic aspects (Turcologica 62), page 187


Bangi

一種主要使用於剛果的班圖語族語言。


Blida

卜利達，阿爾及利亞城市及省份名 :Template:分類


Bo

借自現代丹麥語 Bo或瑞典語 Bo，或是男子名Beau的變體

:Template:分類男子名，自20世紀70年代後有使用。


Bo

:Template:分類 博城，塞拉利昂城市


Borg

源自《星際迷航》中的博格人；可能是cyborg的縮略，源自cybernetic + organism。

Go for the fun of it (yes, I am one of the Borgs) and don't let equipment bother you. Just remember this even when the Borgs assimilate you.


Borg

Borgs (third-person singular present)
Borging (present participle)
Borged (past participle)

除用不定式外，其他用法罕見。也有首字母小寫形，較少見。

The Christians could afford to spend generations converting northern Europe and that's exactly what they did. We have that example from history. We know there are other faiths out there that want to wipe us out, and there are other faiths out there that want to Borg us. The fact that some are still here after decades means we aren't giving in this time, and you're one of the ones here over a decade."

They are trying to turn you into them. They are trying to borg us.

We already do it and they tell us they're going to Borg us with fucking stuff into our brains and we won't have to talk to each other.

Intel wants to Borg us!


Brest

源自詞語“山”；參見蘇格蘭蓋爾語bre。

:Template:分類 布雷斯特，法國布列塔尼城市


Brest

借自俄語 Брест (Brest)。


Brisbane

以托馬斯·麥克杜格爾·布里斯班（Sir Thomas Brisbane）命名。

:Template:分類 布里斯班，澳大利亞東部城市，昆士蘭州州府


Bucharest

羅馬尼亞語 București的英語化，源自Bucur（人名） + -ești (人名後綴)。

布加勒斯特，羅馬尼亞城市


Bruges

源自古荷蘭語 Bruges, Bruggas, Brugias，可能源自古荷蘭語詞語“橋”，源自原始日耳曼語 *brugjǭ (“橋”)。


Carpathians

可能源自 Carpi，古代達契亞部落，生活在今羅馬尼亞、摩爾多瓦一帶。Carpates 之名可能源自原始印歐語詞根*(s)ker-,（對比阿爾巴尼亞語 karpë (“岩石”)、原始斯拉夫語 *skala (“岩石，峭壁”)）可能通過達契亞語詞語“山；岩石；崎嶇的”（對比原始日耳曼語 *skarpaz → sharp, 立陶宛語 kar~pas (“砍，切，刻”), 拉脫維亞語 cìrpt (“削”)）。對比古波蘭語 karpa。亦可能源自原始印歐語 *kwerp (“轉”)（warp、希臘語 καρπός (karpós，“手腕”)的來源），可能指山脈的L字形狀。


Gold Coast

黃金海岸，澳大利亞昆士蘭州城市

黃金海岸，英國在西非的前殖民地，即今加納


Ivory Coast

科特迪瓦/象牙海岸，西非國家


Vitebsk

:Template:分類 維捷布斯克，白俄羅斯城市及州名


Viña del Mar

源自西班牙語，字面意思為“海邊的釀酒廠/葡萄藤”。


Volha

白俄羅斯語女子名Вольга (Vólʹha)的轉寫。


Vojvodina

源自塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 Vòjvodina/Во̀јводина。

/ˌvɔɪvəˈdiːnə/


Vorkuta

沃爾庫塔，俄羅斯北部城市


Wa

源自緬甸語 ဝ (wa.)。


Vologda

源自沃洛格達河，可能源自芬-烏戈爾語。

沃洛格達，俄羅斯城市及州名


Wau

瓦烏，巴布亞新幾內亞城鎮

:Template:分類 瓦烏，南蘇丹城市


Wollongong

:Template:分類 伍倫貢，澳大利亞新南威爾士州城市


señora

源自西班牙語 señora。

/seɪˈnjɔːɹə/

/siːˈnjɔːɹə/

源自西班牙語，對已婚、離婚、守寡女性的稱呼。


senora

señora的另一種拼寫法


Yaroslavl

借自俄語 Яросла́вль (Jaroslávlʹ)。

:Template:分類 雅羅斯拉夫爾，俄羅斯城市及州名


Griffith

格里菲斯，威爾士語男子名Gruffudd的英語化 :Template:分類

格里菲斯（源自父名的姓氏）:Template:分類


messenger RNA

同類詞：transfer RNA

In the past, RNA did not get this kind of respect. The central dogma of biology has been that DNA makes messenger RNA, messenger RNA makes proteins, and proteins do everything else that needs to be done in a living cell.

2006年June20日，Nicholas Wade，“DNA or RNA? Versatile Player Takes a Leading Role in Molecular Research”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


transfer RNA

同類詞：messenger RNA


Yenisey

Yenisei的另一種拼寫法


Yuba

尤巴，美國加利福尼亞州城市 :Template:分類


Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

:Template:分類 南薩哈林斯克，俄羅斯城市


Zara

Sarah的20世紀變體；或源自阿拉伯語 زَهْرَة (zahra，“花”)。


Zhytomyr

借自烏克蘭語 Жито́мир (Žytómyr)，源自一傳說中的斯拉夫王公名。


Zhitomir

借自俄語 Жито́мир (Žitómir)，源自一傳說中斯拉夫王公名。對比烏克蘭語 Жито́мир (Žytómyr)。

烏克蘭式拼寫Zhytomyr不常見。

日托米爾，烏克蘭城市及州名


Zinder

津德爾，尼日爾第二大城市


Åbo

芬蘭城市圖爾庫的瑞典語名。


abibliophobia

Professor David Latchman, the Master of Birkbeck College, suffers from abibliophobia, a common affliction amongst book collectors that manifests itself as a morbid fear of running out of reading material.

Speaking of frightful words, a curious fear I've suffered from on occasion, especially on long airplane flights, is abibliophobia, the fear of not having enough to read.

2010, Phil Cousineau, Wordcatcher: An Odyssey into the World of Weird and Wonderful Words, Viva Editions (2010), ISBN 9781573444002, page 17:

The outdoor racks, maintained on an honor system, are open 24 hours a day, for those who suffer from abibliophobia—fear of lacking for reading material.

2012, Laura M. Reckford, Frommer's Cape Cod, Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, John Wiley & Sons (2012), ISBN 9781118119990, page 110:


abid

源自阿拉伯語 عَبْد (ʕabd，“奴隸”)。


absis

apsis的另一種拼寫法


gey

(蘇格蘭、愛爾蘭、英格蘭北部) 很，十分 （自17世紀）

I am nae believer in auld wives' stories about ghaists, though this is gey like a place for them - But mortal, or of the other world, here they come! - twa men and a light.

1816, Sir Walter Scott, The Antiquary, Oxford University Press, 2002, p.207:

But I'll put a gold chain around his neck, An' a gey good chain it'll be.

2001, David Thomson, The People of the Sea: Celtic Tales of the Seal-folk, Canongate Books, p.213:


gey

more gey (comparative)
most gey (superlative)

(蘇格蘭、愛爾蘭、英格蘭北部) 尚好的 （自18世紀）

They were married next New Year's Day, and Ellison had begun to think himself a gey man in Kinraddie, and maybe one of the gentry.

1932, 刘易斯·格拉西克·吉本, Sunset Song, Polygon 2006 (A Scots Quair), p. 16:


aby

源自中古英語 abyen, abien, abiggen ← 古英語 ābyċġan (“購買，支付；收買；回報；賠償；救贖”) ← 原始日耳曼語 *uzbugjaną，等同於a- + buy。與哥特語 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan)同源。

abys (third-person singular present)
abying (present participle)
abought (past participle)

aby及abide曾互相有混淆。

贖罪，賠罪 （自12世紀）

Ȝe shul abiggen it bothe · bi god þat me made.

c. 1385，William Langland，章號 2, in Piers Plowman:

Lest to thy peril thou aby it dear.

Who dyes, the utmost dolor doth abye; / But who that lives is lefte to waile his losse […].

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，仙后, III.4:

Thou wouldst abye a heavy fate.

Nought that wanteth rest can long aby.

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，仙后，卷 III:

:Template:舊(現僅限於蘇格蘭) 忍受，忍耐 （自16世紀）

I never could abye the reek of them.


ac

:Template:電 AC (“alternating current，交流電”)的小寫形。


acerb

拉丁語 acerbus ← 拉丁語 ācer (“尖的”)；對比法語 acerbe。參見acrid。

acerber (comparative)
more acerb (comparative)
acerbest (superlative)
most acerb (superlative)

If you put Spirit of Sulphur to the Peruvian Bark, it then becomes very acerb. If you mix Mercury with Spirit of Nitre or Oil of Vitriol whilst it boils, it then is very acerb.

1732，Edward Strother，Prælectiones Pharmaco-mathicæ & medico-practicæ:

As to the somewhat acerb remarks of the member for Jacques Cartier, I may pass them over […]

1909, Canada. Parliament. House of Commons, Debates: Official Report (volume 1, page 1970)


acetum

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 acētum。


administrate

* 古用法: 拉丁語 administratus，administrare的過去分詞。
* 現代用法: 逆構自administration（源自 administer，亦源自拉丁語 administrare）
（確切的詞源有爭議，參見下方注釋）

administrates (third-person singular present)
administrating (present participle)
administrated (past participle)

一般認為 administrate 是 administer的非標準變體，但在一些方言中這反而還是用得多的形式，在某些文段中亦作為行話使用。
某些辭書（如韋氏詞典）認為 administrate 是16世紀直接來自拉丁語，但這些來源有的也說 administer 和 administration 最早在14世紀已經出現在英語，所以 administration 的逆構是說得通的。

:Template:計算機 管理（系統、網絡等）

The job is to administrate the network.


administer

源自中古英語 admynistren ← 古法語 aminister ← 拉丁語 administrare (“管理，實行”) ← ad (“朝，向”) + ministrare (“照料，侍候”) ← minister (“侍從，侍者”)；參見minister。

administers (third-person singular present)
administering (present participle)
administered (past participle)

We administered the medicine to our dog by mixing it in his food.

我們把藥摻進狗糧裡，讓它吃下了。

(我們能否確認Macaulay引文的時間，或提供標題、作者全名和其他詳情？)

(我們能否確認Macaulay引文的時間，或提供標題、作者全名和其他詳情？)

(我們能否確認Philips引文的時間，或提供標題、作者全名和其他詳情？)

(我們能否確認Alexander Pope引文的時間，或提供標題、作者全名和其他詳情？)

administering to the sick

（將去世但無遺囑之人的遺產）贈予，授予

Swear […] to keep the oath that we administer.

1595 December 9 (first known performance)，William Shakespeare，“The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:


adolescent

最早見於1482年，源自法語 adolescent ←拉丁語 adolescentem，adolescens的賓格形，adolēscere (“長大，成人”)的現在分詞，源自ad- (“朝，向”) + alēscere (“長大；成熟”)。形容詞義最早見於1785年。

more adolescent (comparative)
most adolescent (superlative)

青春期的，青少年的；未成熟的

(我們能否確認Cowper引文的時間，或提供標題、作者全名和其他詳情？)


adulator

借自拉丁語 adūlātor。


Dene

:Template:複 甸尼人，加拿大原住民的一支


advocaat

借自荷蘭語 advocaat (“烈甜酒”)。


Old English

Anglo-Saxon

古英語（現代英語的祖語）

古英語（現代英語的祖語）

Classical English, Middle English, Modern English, New English

:Template:非標準 較古的現代英語/中古英語

Those who claim that they've been reading Shakespeare in Old English betray their ignorance: they haven't.

2008, Stephen J. Harris, Bryon Lee Grigsby, Misconceptions About the Middle Ages, page 177:

16世紀的英格蘭印刷機所用的字體


airish

more airish (comparative)
most airish (superlative)

(阿巴拉契亞)(天氣) 有微風的

(阿巴拉契亞) 裝腔作勢的


agreeing

He had many wars; inextricable coil of claimings, quarrellings and agreeings […]

1858, Thomas Carlyle, History of Friedrich II. of Prussia Called Frederick the Great


eterne

源自中古英語 eterne ← 古法語 eterne ← 拉丁語 aeternus。

more eterne (comparative)
most eterne (superlative)

The substance is eterne, and bideth so; / Ne when the life decayes and forme does fade, / Doth it consume and into nothing goe ….

And neuer did the Cyclops hammers fall / On Mars his Armours, forg'd for proofe Eterne, / With lesse remorse then Pyrrhus bleeding sword / Now falles on Priam.

1602, 威廉·莎士比亞 《哈姆雷特》, First Folio 1621, II.2:


ann

源自拉丁語 annata (“一年/半年的收入”) ← annus (“年”)；對比法語 annate。

(蘇格蘭) 半年的薪金（牧師身故後其繼承人的）


arson

源自盎格魯-諾曼語、古法語 arson，源自動詞ardoir ← 拉丁語 ardeō (“燒”)。對比ardent。

Arson, like we thought. three punks doused a car, lit it, and took off.

2006, Paul Chadwick, Concrete: Killer Smile, Part two, p.34


arson

arsons (third-person singular present)
arsoning (present participle)
arsoned (past participle)


katti

catty (“斤”)的舊寫法。


bellowing

The cries of applause and derision from the spectators, and the formidable bellowings of the exasperated monks who surrounded Pachymius, did not tend to steady his nerves, or render the task of critical discrimination the easier.

1890，Richard Garnett，The Twilight of the Gods, and Other Tales:

Incessant bellowings fill all the earth, Mingled with inextinguishable mirth.

1892，Ambrose Bierce，Black Beetles in Amber:

With great heavings and throes, with snortings and bellowings, with scratchings and tearings of its great claws and lashings of its terrible tail, it writhed and fought to be free, and the light of thousands of fireworks illuminated the gigantic struggle.


burh

古代君王、貴族居住的有堡壘的地方。


canst

can的第三人稱單數現在時形。

Canst thou show me the way?

Man must begin, know this, where Nature ends;

1849, Matthew Arnold, In Harmony with Nature


ahu

借自波斯語 آهو (âhu)。


ahu

借自拉帕努伊語 ahu。

製作摩艾石像所用的石製平台


aiga

美屬薩摩亞的一種用皮卡車改造的巴士


evangelist

源自古法語 evangeliste，源自教會拉丁語 evangelista，源自教會古希臘語 εὐαγγελιστής (euangelistḗs，“傳福音者”)，源自εὐαγγελίζεσθαι (euangelízesthai，“傳福音”)，源自εὐάγγελος (euángelos，“帶來好消息”)，源自εὖ (eû，“好”) + ἀγγέλλειν (angéllein，“告知”)。

(原始教會) 第一位將福音帶到某地的人

對某事（多指宗教）有十分熱情的人

Booth, William (1829-1912) English evangelist; founder and first general of the Salvation Army ... his subordinates being expected to give him unquestioning obedience.

1992, J. D. Douglas, Who's Who in Christian History, ISBN 0842310142, p. 94.

Yet in the spreading consumer market of the mid-1700s, his renditions competed with others offering a far different account of the evangelist and his message. The famous artist William Hogarth mocked Whitefield in two engravings presenting the revivalist as a religious fanatic who held sway over the superstitious lower orders.

1994, Frank Lambert, "Pedlar in Divinity", ISBN 0691096163, p. 10.

The film implies that the evangelist, as a type, is a fanatic, a sanctimonious prig, and ultimately a hypocrite.

1996, Peter J. Conn, Pearl S. Buck: A Cultural Biography, ISBN 0521639891, p. 149.

:Template:計算機 （科技公司）僱傭來推廣某項技術的人


farthing

源自中古英語 ferthing ← 古英語 fēorþing, fēorþung (“四分之一；法尋”) ← fēorþa (“第四”) ← 原始日耳曼語 *fedurþungaz (“四分之一”)，可能受古諾爾斯語 fjórðungr (“第四部分，四分之一”)影響。等同於fourth + -ing。

/ˈfɑː(ɹ).ðɪŋ/

法尋，英國舊時硬幣，相當於四分之一便士

"Nay, Heaven forbid, indeed," quoth Robin, "that I should take from such as thee, jolly fellow! Not so much as one farthing would I take from thee, for I love a fair Saxon face like thine right well—more especially when it cometh from Locksley Town, and most especially when the man that owneth it is to marry a bonny lass on Thursday next. But come, tell me for what price thou wilt sell me all of thy meat and thy horse and cart."

1883, 霍华德·派尔 《罗宾汉奇遇记》，章 5:

We must keep them to the fact that the duty is one and three quarter farthings, or nearly a half-penny in the pound and no more, and any one who tries to work it out any other way is not acting fairly in the matter.

1895, Parliament of Western Australia, Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly VIII, page 163:

That period of infatuation was not unrelieved by a certain amount of self-introspection on my part. I kept account of every farthing I spent, and my expenses were carefully calculated. Every little item such as omnibus fares or postage or a couple of coppers spent on newspapers, would be entered, and the balance struck every evening before going to bed. That habit has stayed with me ever since, and I know that as a result, though I have had to handle public funds amounting to lakhs, I have succeeded in exercising strict economy in their disbursement, and instead of outstanding debts have had invariably a surplus balance in respect of all the movements I have led.

1927-29, 甘地 《我体验真理的故事》, 1940年由摩诃德夫·德赛翻譯, Part I, Chapter xvi:


fremed

more fremed (comparative)
most fremed (superlative)


fæder

faeder的另一種拼寫法

Linear dimensions (mm) of female, intermediate (fæder) and male Ruffs, respectively, all measured by Joop Jukema. The material on females and males was all collected during the spring migrations of 2002 and 2003. All birds, except one fæder of 1 year old, were adult.

2004，Joop Jukema，Theunis Piersma，“Kleine mannelijke Kemphanen met vrouwelijk broedkleed: bestaat er een derde voortplantingsstrategie, de faar?”, in Limosa，卷 77, Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology，頁 3:

The fraction of fæders was estimated in five morphometric data sets that were collected over four decades in four different countries in three different seasons (comprising 9133 Ruffs). The regression of fæder–female fractions was tested against the null model assuming that the number of fæders is 1.0% of females.

2008，Yvonne I[ngje] Verkuil，Joop Jukema，Jennifer A. Gill，Natalia Karlionova，Johannes Melter, Jos C[orstiaan] E[lbert] W[outer] Hooijmeijer, Theunis Piersma，“Non-breeding fæder Ruffs Philomachus pugnax associate according to sex, not morphology”, in Bird Study，卷 55, 期 3, British Trust for Ornithology, →DOI，頁 421:

The survival costs to fæders linked to the use of sub-optimal habitats as a result of competition from their larger counterparts may be compensated by higher breeding success.

2010 June，Neil Calbrade，Chas Holt，Graham Austin，Heidi Mellan，Richard Hearn, David Stroud, Simon Wotton, Andy Musgrove，“Waders”, in Waterbirds in the UK 2008/09: The Wetland Bird Survey，Thetford, Norfolk: British Trust for Ornithology、Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and Joint Nature Conservation Committee in association with Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, →ISBN, →ISSN, section “Ruff: Philomachus pugnax”，頁 128:

As females are a third smaller than males, most birds could easily be assigned a sex, while the fæders, female-mimicking males, were discriminated using wing length (Jukema and Piersma 2006).

2014年October21日，Lucie Emilie Schmaltz，Cédric Juillet，Joost Marius Tinbergen，Yvonne Ingje Verkuil，Joslyn Corstiaan Elbert Wouter Hooijmeijer, Theunis Piersma，“Apparent annual survival of staging ruffs during a period of population decline: insights from sex and site-use related differences”, in Population Ecology，卷 57, Springer, 出版於 2015, →DOI, section “Field methods and data collection”，頁 615，列 1:

Fæder males travel with females and, like Satellites, they are nonterritorial and nonagonistic.

2016，Clemens Küpper，“Ruff Shorebird, The”, in Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science，Springer, →DOI, →ISBN:


gast

源自中古英語 gasten ← 古英語 gǣstan ← 原始日耳曼語 *gaistijaną。因與ghost的聯繫，也拼作ghast。

gasts (third-person singular present)
gasting (present participle)
gasted (past participle)

And be not so a-gast, for shame!

Or whether gasted by the noise I made, full suddenly he fled.

威廉·莎士比亞 《李爾王》


allay

源自中古英語 alayen, aleyen, aleggen ← 古英語 āleċġan ← 原始日耳曼語 *uzlagjaną (“躺下”)，等同於a- + lay。與德語 erlegen, 哥特語 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (uslagjan，“躺下”)同源。中古英語中形似allege、alloy，因而出現了意思的交叉。

allays (third-person singular present)
allaying (present participle)
allayed (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-allay.wav

to allay popular excitement

to allay the tumult of the passions

He had to pretend to be drunk in order to allay the suspicions which might have been aroused by his appearance at the gate.

1887，柯南·道爾，《血字的研究》:

The trade show’s organisers had attempted to allay concerns by announcing more stringent health and safety measures including a ban on handshakes, and taking attendees’ temperatures.

2020年February12日，Mark Sweney，“Mobile World Congress axed after firms quit over coronavirus fears”, in The Guardian:

to allay the severity of affliction or the bitterness of adversity

And the wynde alayed, and there folowed a greate calme: and he sayde unto them: why are ye fearfull?

1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Mark IV:

Yet far be it from us to condemn all their works to be dross, because debased and allayed with superstitious intents […]

1639，托馬斯·富勒，The Historie of the Holy Warr:


appease

源自中古英語 apesen ← 古法語 apeser (“使平靜”)。

appeases (third-person singular present)
appeasing (present participle)
appeased (past participle)

to appease the tumult of the ocean

'First, a little refreshment to reward my exertions. You may as well be quiet. It is not the first time, or the second, that your veins have appeased my thirst!'

1897, 布莱姆·斯托克 《德拉庫拉》 章21

They appeased the angry gods with burnt offerings.

他們用燒過的供品平息了神的憤怒。


assuage

源自中古英語 aswagen ← 古法語 asuagier (“使平靜”) ← 通俗拉丁語 *assuaviō (“使變甜；奉承；使平靜”)，派生自ad- + suavis (“甜”) + -ō。

assuages (third-person singular present)
assuaging (present participle)
assuaged (past participle)

(我們能否確認Addison引文的時間，或提供標題、作者全名和其他詳情？)

(我們能否確認Burke引文的時間，或提供標題、作者全名和其他詳情？)

(我們能否確認Byron引文的時間，或提供標題、作者全名和其他詳情？)

I pray that our Heavenly Father may assuage the anguish of your bereavement, and leave you only the cherished memory of the loved and lost.

1864 November 21, 亞伯拉罕·林肯 (signed) or John Hay, letter to Mrs. Bixby in Boston


alder

源自中古英語 alder, aller ← 古英語 alor ← 原始日耳曼語 *aluz, *alusō (對比瑞典語 al, 薩特弗里斯蘭語 äller(boom))，*alizō, *alisō的變體 (對比荷蘭語 els, 德語 Erle, 挪威語 or)，源自原始印歐語 *h₂élisos (對比赫梯語 [需要文字] (alanza(n)), 拉丁語 alnus, 拉脫維亞語 al̃ksnis, 波蘭語 olcha, 阿爾巴尼亞語 halë (“黑松”), 古馬其頓語 (Hesychius) ἄλιζα (áliza，“銀白楊”)。

black alder (Alnus glutinosa, Ilex verticillata)


alder

Almost immediately, city alders contacted the campaign to negotiate an ordinance.

2004，Stephanie Luce -，Fighting for a Living Wage，頁 121:

Chicago's mayor Edward Kennelly, the city alders, and many white Chicagoans opposed this siting plan.

2013，Dawn Day Biehler，Pests in the City: Flies, Bedbugs, Cockroaches, and Rats，頁 180:

After three years as Ward 1 alder, Sarah Eidelson ’12 will leave city government at the end of the year.

2017年September28日，Isabel Bysiewicz，“Eidelson reflects on time as alder”, in Yale Daily News:


leads

lead 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


sobs

sob 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


leers

leer 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


muds

mud 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


deletes

delete 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


rips

rip 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


tiers

tier 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


sees

see 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式

(非裔美國人用語) see 的第一人稱單數現在時


herds

herd 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


caws

caw 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


caw

caws (third-person singular present)
cawing (present participle)
cawed (past participle)

Rising and cawing at the gun's report.

c. 1595–1596，William Shakespeare，“A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:


shades

His shades are by some famous designer.

他這副墨鏡出自名家之手。


shades

shade 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


lists

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-lists.wav


lists

list 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


seals

seal 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


races

race 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


cores

core 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


ears

ear 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


gets

get 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


rapes

rape 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


damps

damp 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


camps

camp 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


roses

rose 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


owes

owe 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


marks

mark 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


soars

soar 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


aces

ace 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


nods

nod 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


seats

seat 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


roles

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-roles.wav


slides

slide 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


lids

lid 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


grips

grip 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


paws

paw 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


rents

rent 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


rents

'rents的另一種拼寫法


traps

trap 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


jars

jar 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


cools

cool 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


godfathers

/ˈɡɒdfɑːðəs/


wins

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-wins.wav


wins

win 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


tissues

tissue 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


horsed

源自中古英語 horsed, i-horsed, yhorsed, y-horsed ← 古英語 horsod, ġehorsod古英語 horsian, ġehorsian (“騎馬”)的過去分詞，等同於horse + -ed。

horsed men


horses

I got four hundred horses tucked under the hood.

1979，Al Greenwood, Lou Gramm，“Rev on the Red Line”, in Head Games:

This is a diagnostic test of your engine. You're supposed to have an output of a hundred and 六十eight horses at 六十two hundred R.P.M.s. You're nowhere near that.


horses

horse 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


deals

deal 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


matters

matter 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式

Nothing really matters.

But it matters to me.


sowed

The farmer sowed the field with corn.


sexes

sex 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


histories

history 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


taxes

tax 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


ships

ship 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


mouths

mouth 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


possesses

possess 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


guitars

guitar 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


coals

coal 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


souls

soul 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


bitches

bitch 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


fucks

fuck 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


weathers

weather 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


warms

warm 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


wears

wear 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


cracks

crack 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


cheats

cheat 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


chews

chew 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


eagles

eagle 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


tyres

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-tyres.wav


tyres

tyre 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


allium

源自拉丁語 allium。

蔥屬（Allium）植物


instruments

instrument 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


sandwiches

sandwich 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


weighed

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-weighed.wav


haole

借自夏威夷語 haole。

(夏威夷) 非夏威夷人，多指白人

I had never known any haoles except Elmer and Marks and they were ice cold affairs. Everyone was always glad when their twice-a-month visit was pau. The very island seemed to sigh with relief […]

1946, Armine Von Tempski, Bright Spurs (page 122)

And the white guy who ate Rice-A-Roni with butter was the haole who didn’t speak pidgin or eat real rice.

2009年January18日，Lois-ann Yamanaka，“This Man Is an Island”, in New York Times:

Commerce was flourishing in the kingdom and the rising merchant class was made up largely of haole rather than Hawaiians.

2012, Julia Flynn Siler, Lost Kingdom, Grove Press, p. 27:


alpinist

The group of Warsaw cavers climbed out of several caves in Poland and of Sistema Cheve using alpinist techniques.

1997, "From the editors," Jaskinie - The Caves (Bulletin of the Caving Commission of Polish Mountaineering Association), no. 7:

The crowns of taller individuals could only be studied from neighbouring trees (climbed using spikes or alpinist ropes).

2001, F. J. Sterck and F. Bongers, "Crown development in tropic rain forest trees," Journal of Ecology, vol. 89, no. 1, page 3:


alpinist

(有時大寫) 登山家，尤指登高山者

The Swiss geologist and alpinist, Horace Bénédict de Saussure, the first to make the ascent of Mont Blanc (Aug. 3, 1787), is to have erected in his honor a statue in the village of Chamounix.

1885, "Notes and News," Science, vol. 5, no. 124, page 512:

A cross in the sky could have appeared. . . . The famous Alpinist Edward Whymper saw a similar effect on the Matterhorn.

2000, Oliver Nicholson, "Constantine's Vision of the Cross," Vigiliae Christianae, vol. 54, no. 3, page 311:

(滑雪、有時大寫) 高山滑雪者


Sea of Marmara

Marmara 源自馬爾馬拉島，源自古希臘語 μάρμαρος (mármaros，“大理石”)。


inches

inch 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


markets

market 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


appears

appear 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式

It was aptly said by Newton that "whatever is not deduced from facts must be regarded as hypothesis," but hypothesis appears to us a title too honourable for the crude guessings to which we allude.

1846, George Luxford, Edward Newman, The Phytologist: a popular botanical miscellany: Volume 2, Part 2, page 474


romanized

romanize 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


summarizes

summarize 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


nights

源自中古英語 nightes ← 古英語 nihtes (“在晚上，到晚上”)，等同於night + -s。參見-s（詞源3）。與古弗里斯蘭語 nachtes (“晚上”), 古撒克遜語 nahtes (“晚上”), 德語 nachts (“在晚上”)同源。

I work nights.


lowing

But little Lord Jesus, no crying he makes.


lowing

(我們能否確認John Milton引文的時間，或提供標題、作者全名和其他詳情？)

[…] the herd of four or five hundred cattle trotting homewards with loud lowings and bellowings […]

撒母耳說：「我耳中聽見有羊叫、牛鳴，是從哪裡來的呢？」

And Samuel said, What meaneth then this bleating of the sheep in mine ears, and the lowing of the oxen which I hear?


mec

mec liquor


ploughman

源自中古英語 plowman, ploghmon, plouȝman，等同於plough + man。對比中古荷蘭語 ploechman。


quartino

可以容納四分之一升葡萄酒的飲料瓶

We settled for quartinos of serviceable Chianti ($8.75) and pinot grigio ($8).

2009年August2日，Alice Gabriel，“Keeping It Simple, With an Eye on Tradition”, in New York Times:


ripon

源自城市名Ripon，該城出產馬刺多。


rowing

She and Ricketts — that's his father — just disgraced the neighbourhood with their rowings and their sprees […]


satiated

more satiated (comparative)
most satiated (superlative)

But Sophia's mother was not the woman to brook defiance. After a few moments' vain remonstrance her husband complied. His manner and appearance were suggestive of a satiated sea-lion.

1922，Ben Travers，章號 6, in A Cuckoo in the Nest:


satiate

借自拉丁語 satiatus，satiare (“填滿，滿足”)的過去分詞，源自sat + satis (“足夠的”) + satur (“滿的”)。

satiates (third-person singular present)
satiating (present participle)
satiated (past participle)

Nothing seemed to satiate her desire for knowledge.

似乎沒有什麼能滿足她對知識的渴望。


satiate

more satiate (comparative)
most satiate (superlative)


scurfy

scurfier (comparative)
scurfiest (superlative)


scurf

源自中古英語 [具體何詞?] ← 古英語 sceorf ← 原始日耳曼語 *skurf- (“咬”) ← 原始印歐語 *(s)ker- (“切”)。與德語 Schorf, 丹麥語 skurv, 瑞典語 skorv同源。

(我們能否確認Milton引文的時間，或提供標題、作者全名和其他詳情？)


sedge

源自中古英語 segge ← 古英語 seċġ ← 原始日耳曼語 *sagjaz ← 原始印歐語 *sak- (“沼澤植物”)。與荷蘭語 zegge, 德語 Segge, 方言德語Saher (“蘆葦”)。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-sedge.wav


sedge

segge的另一種拼寫法


sempstress

This time was most dreadful for Lilian. Thrown on her own resources and almost penniless, she maintained herself and paid the rent of a wretched room near the hospital by working as a charwoman, sempstress, anything.

1918，W. B. Maxwell，章號 17, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

They were composed of a heterogeneous collection of men and women of the lower layers of society, workmen, sempstresses, night watchmen, farm-hands, mechanics and railway-workers – a laic image in sharp contrast to the bourgeois image produced in the cathedral.

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance, Faber & Faber 2004 (Avignon Quintet), p. 950:


seamster

源自中古英語 semster, semestre ← 古英語 sēamestre (“女裁縫”)，等同於seam + -ster。與低地蘇格蘭語 semistar, semstar (“裁縫”)同源。


shad

源自古英語 sceadd或（參見愛爾蘭語 sgadan (“鯡魚”)、ysgadan）或源自斯堪的納維亞語言（參見方言挪威語 skadd）。

Each river had its village and its iron bridge that the train crossed with a blast of its whistle, and the girls bathing in the icy water leaped like shad as it passed, unsettling travelers with their fleeting breasts.

2003, Edith Grossman, translator, Gabriel García Márquez, Living to Tell the Tale, Chapter 1


shut up

shuts up (third-person singular present)
shutting up (present participle)
shut up (past participle)

用祈使句時，是命令他人停止談論：一般認為這樣較為無理。偏中性的表達是"be quiet"。 Shut the fuck up （shut up的語氣增強）有罕見的縮略成 fuck up。

"You know the doctor's ways, sir," replied Poole, "and how he shuts himself up. Well, he's shut up again in the cabinet; and I don't like it, sir—I wish I may die if I like it. Mr. Utterson, sir, I'm afraid."

1886, 羅伯特·路易斯·斯蒂文森, Strange Case Of Dr Jekyll And Mr Hyde:

(作格) 闭嘴，停止说话

You are talking so loud that I can't hear the music – would you mind shutting up?

你講話太大聲，我都聽不到音樂了 - 你能消停一會兒嗎？

He was blathering on about something, but I managed to shut him up.

他之前一直在叨叨些什麼，不過我最後讓他停下來了。

(僅用於祈使句) 我不信！這不可能！

I got accepted to Yale! – Shut up, really? That's awesome!

我被耶魯錄取啦！ - 我不信，真的嗎？那你也太厲害了吧！

I just heard that your wife was trying to shut you up for the insurance money.

我剛剛聽說你老婆想殺了你騙保險金。


shut up

more shut up (comparative)
most shut up (superlative)

She did not come to Court, but she must have been taken to Montagu's house, for the Clerkenwell house was all shut up and was to be sold.

Open sheds are too much exposed to drifting snow, and they cannot be shut up and made warm enough for early lambing.

1865. The Wisconsin Farmer, and Northwestern Cultivator, Volume 17. Pg. 75.

Beaudeck is a very shut-up place.

1880. An Earnest Trifler. Mary Aplin Sprague. Pg. 166.


sleepless

源自中古英語 slepeles ← 古英語 slǣplēas；等同於sleep + -less。

more sleepless (comparative)
most sleepless (superlative)

I spent a sleepless night worrying about the exams.

我擔心考試，失眠了一整晚。


sleeplessly

more sleeplessly (comparative)
most sleeplessly (superlative)


slandering

Here are the slanderings, too, going on at home; for, while the husbands are assembled, it would be hard if the wives were not to do the same; and the very least that is to be expected is, that the tea-pot should keep pace with the porter-pot […]

1862，William Cobbett，Advice to Young Men, and (incidentally) to Young Women:


ladders

ladder 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


cables

cable 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


slows

slow 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


civet cat

同civet (“果子狸”)。


Middle East

middle + east，基於Far East, Near East。最早見於19世紀後期。

中東 西南亞與東北非的地區

中東
:Template:舊 近東與遠東之間的地區

Well, what may happen in the Middle East? I agree there are uncertainties, but when he was condemning the policy of the Government with regard to the Turkish peace, had he thought for a moment of the financial effect of the policy which he advocated?

1920 April 21，House of Commons，引 Austen Chamberlain, “Budget proposals, Committee of Ways and Means”, in The Parliamentary Debates，卷 128，頁 455:


speaking

源自中古英語 spekinge, spekynge, spekinde, spekende, spekande, spekand ← 古英語 specende, sprecende ← 原始日耳曼語 *sprekandz，原始日耳曼語 *sprekaną (“說”)的現在分詞。等同於speak + -ing。與低地蘇格蘭語 speikand, speikin, 薩特弗里斯蘭語 spreekend, 西弗里斯蘭語 sprekkend, 荷蘭語 sprekend, 德國低地德語 sprekend,
德語 sprechend同源。

one's normal speaking voice

能說話的
(用於複合詞) 有語言能力的


speaking

源自中古英語 speking, spekinge，等同於speak + -ing。

I can read and understand most texts in German, but my speaking is awful.

我能閱讀和理解大多數德語文字，但是我說得不行。

Sometimes, a brawl would erupt, as a result, but, in general, public speakings were peaceful events and essential ingredients for election to office.

2011, Jimmie W. Greene, Samuel D. Perry, Bridge Builder (page 50)


inks

ink 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


kids

kid 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


buckets

bucket 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


cranes

crane 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


soils

soil 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


boils

boil 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


sirs

sir 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


madams

madam 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


teaches

teach 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


earns

earn 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


ensures

ensure 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


tongues

tongue 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


golfs

golf 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


frogs

frog 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


draws

draw 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


microphones

microphone 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


seeds

seed 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


peers

peer 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


lays

lay 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


fools

fool 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


eels

eel 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


pounds

pound 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


shells

shell 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


swang

swangs (third-person singular present)
swanging (present participle)
swanged (past participle)

(非裔美國人俚語) 開車來回動

Turn on my blinker light and then I swang it slow

2005, Chamillionaire (featuring Krayzie Bone), "Ridin'", The Sound of Revenge:

I'mma swang, I'mma swing my slab lean to the left

2006, Trae (featuring Pimp C and Big Hawk), "Swang", Restless:

Caine pulled off burning rubber and swanging side to side.

2010, G. Washington, Karma from the Cradle to the Street, Xlibris (2010), ISBN 9781453596180, page 118:


tax collector

After the assessment has been made, the file passes to the tax collector.

評估完成後，文件會交給稅務員。


thane

源自中古英語 þein, thane, thein, theign ← 古英語 þæġn, þeġen, þegn ← 原始日耳曼語 *þegnaz (“男人；戰士”) ← 原始印歐語 *teke- (“生育”)。對比荷蘭語 degen, 德語 Degen, 古諾爾斯語 þegn, 古希臘語 τέκνον (téknon，“孩子”)。

諾曼前時代英格蘭的貴族等級，約等於男爵

The Anglo-Saxon thanes were in all respects the predecessors of the Norman barons.

1845, Johann Martin Lappenberg, Benjamin Thorpe (translator), A History of England under the Anglo-Saxon Kings, 2004, page 317,

The little island of Iona became the refuge of the sons and some thanes of Athelfrith, banished by Edwin.

1910, Robert A. Thompson, The People's History of England, Walter Scott Publishing, New York,

Although some serfs escape from their lord and turn away from Christendom to the Vikings and after this it happens that the clash of swords becomes common to thane and serf, if the serf utterly kills the thane, he lies unpaid by all of the serf's kin.

2000, Wulfstan, Robert Boenig (editor and translator), Sermo Lupi ad Anglos, Anglo-Saxon Spirituality: Selected Writings, page 144,


masks

mask 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


sews

sew 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


litters

litter 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


jades

jade 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


thereunder

源自中古英語 therunder, þer-under, þar under ← 古英語 þǣrunder，等同於there + under。與荷蘭語 daaronder, 德語 darunter, 瑞典語 därunder同源。

The photographs span circa 1910-1997. The images are arranged topically, thereunder chronologically.

c. 2008, HILDEGARDE (LORETTA SELL) PAPERS SCOPE AND CONTENT, Marquette University


tremendously

more tremendously (comparative)
most tremendously (superlative)

The noise was tremendously loud.


shields

shield 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


jails

jail 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


clocks

clock 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


hands

hand 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


blames

blame 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


sharks

shark 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


moons

moon 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


quakes

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-quakes.wav


quakes

quake 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


trading

more trading (comparative)
most trading (superlative)

a trading company

(我們能否確認John Milton引文的時間，或提供標題、作者全名和其他詳情？)

:Template:舊 貪贓枉法的，腐敗的


trading

But thy riches and thy tradings, thy merchandise, and they who trade thy traffic, shall fall into the heart of the seas […]


tsunamigenic

more tsunamigenic (comparative)
most tsunamigenic (superlative)


unc

uncle (“叔叔，伯伯”)的縮略。

Then Pangborn would find him and ask him what he thought he was doing here. He would ask if Ace had a job. He didn't, and he couldn't even claim he had come back to visit his unc, because Pop had been in his junkshop when the place burned down.


venust

more venust (comparative)
most venust (superlative)

As the infancy of Rome was venust, so was its manhood notably strenuous.


wild animal

野獸（多指未馴服的陸上大型動物）


yis

(愛爾蘭、尤其都柏林) 同yous。


thone

源自中古英語 *thon ← 古英語 þān (“潮濕的，濕潤的；有水的；灌溉的”) ← 原始日耳曼語 *þainaz (“潮濕的”) ← 原始印歐語 *teh₂- (“融化；流動”)。與低地蘇格蘭語 thane, thain (“潮濕的”)同源。與thaw有關。

thoner (comparative)
more thone (comparative)
thonest (superlative)
most thone (superlative)


private parts

And what was it only one of the smutty yankee pictures Terry borrows off of Corny Kelleher. Secrets for enlarging your private parts.

1922 February，James Joyce，“[Episode 12: The Cyclops]”, in Ulysses，Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:


deop

deops (third-person singular present)
deopping (present participle)
deopped (past participle)

True, better clients will remember that a person had a voice before they were opped and will return the + when they are deopped, but that doesn't solve the problem. Suppose someone joins the room after the user is opped and before the user is deopped.

1999, "Cory McWilliams", IRC Oddities (on newsgroup alt.irc)


flumen

借自拉丁語 flumen (“河流”)。flume的雙詞。

:Template:分類 類似土星衛星泰坦上河流般特征的地形


hwan

借自朝鮮語 환 (hwan)。

韓國於1953年2月15日至1962年6月9日使用的貨幣名稱，作“圜”，是韓元的舊稱。


heah

(非裔美國人口語) here的非正式寫法。


heah

(非裔美國人口語) here的非正式寫法。


second to none

Second Merchant: How is the man esteemed here in the city?

1594, William Shakespeare, Comedy of Errors, act 5, sc. 1:

“[I]f I, in the performance of my work, have been second to none, do you see that you in yours may be equally efficient?”

1877, Anthony Trollope, The Life of Cicero, ch. 11:

The NanShan, he affirmed, was second to none as a sea-boat.

The Afghans have been second to none at small-war tactics ever since they fought the British in the 19th century.

2001 Oct. 1, Yuri Zarakhovich and Alexander Lyakhovski, "A Tough Fight," Time:


second to none

The heroin, which police officials said had been measured at purity levels as high as 80 percent, is being sold under brand names like Unforgettable, Second to None, Black Beauty and Al Capone.

1992 July 30, "Powerful Heroin Kills 20," New York Times (retrieved 24 June 2011):


monsters

monster 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式