liberticide

All that has been done by the state since the revolt of May is liberticide of the most violent character.

1819, “Ouida” (pseudonym), “An Impeachment of Modern Italy”, in The American Monthly Review of Reviews, Volume 18, Number 5 (1819 November), page 557:

In the hands of a designing executive, a standing army was the classic instrument of liberticide.

1976, Lance Banning, “Jeffersonian Ideology and the French Revolution: A Question of Liberticide at Home”, in Studies in Burke and His Time, Volume 17, Number 1, Texas Tech Press, page 20:

In language and logic we are the prisoners of our premises, just as in politics and law we are prisoners of our rules. Hence we had better pick them well. For if suicide is an illness because it terminates in death, and if the prevention of death by any means necessary is the physician’s therapeutic mandate, then the proper remedy for suicide is liberticide.

1981, Thomas Szasz, quoted in Margot Joan Fromer, Ethical Issues in Health Care, Mosby, ISBN 9780801617287, page 399:


locating

locate 的現在時分詞和動名詞


licentious

more licentious (comparative)
most licentious (superlative)


lief

繼承自中古英語 lef、leve、leef，繼承自古英語 lēof，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *leub，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *leubaz。
同源詞包括薩特弗里斯蘭語 ljo、ljoo、西弗里斯蘭語 leaf、荷蘭語 lief、德國低地德語 leev、德語 lieb、瑞典語、新挪威語 ljuv、哥特語 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍃 (liufs)、俄語 любо́вь (ljubóvʹ)、波蘭語 luby。
副詞可對比德語 lieber、荷蘭語 liever (“寧願，更喜歡”)。

liefer (comparative)
liever (comparative)
liefest (superlative)
lievest (superlative)


lief

liefer (comparative)
liever (comparative)
liefest (superlative)

I'd as lief have one as t'other.

As far as physiognomy goes, the winners protest that they would as lief have foregone the double points, and the money.

1826，Thomas Byerly, John Timbs，The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction:

these great masters of the art, who would far liefer see us little ones practice it, than themselves engage [...].

1869，RD Blackmoore，Lorna Doone, section II:

Since sware the Parcæ unto me, their friend, / they shall adore my name, my favour prize; / and, as their feats of armèd prowess shend / all feats of rival Rome, I lief devise / some mode of aidance in what things I may, / far as our force o'er man extendeth sway.

1880，Richard Francis Burton，Os Lusíadas，卷 II，頁 339:

I'd as lief put on my hat and cane and help you if you think they'll be too heavy.

1902，Josephine Spenser，Corner in Chrysanthemums:


logged

log 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


Longfellow

朗费罗（姓氏），有時會作爲身材高的人的昵稱。


moment of inertia

The moment of inertia of a rigid body is a quantity that determines the torque needed for a given angular acceleration about a given rotational axis, analogous to how mass determines the force needed for a given acceleration.

The moments of inertia of a heterogeneous body whose boundary is a surface of uniform density may sometimes be found by the method of differentiation.

1882，Edward John Routh，The Elementary Part of a Treatise on the Dynamics of a System of Rigid Bodies，第4th版, MacMillan & Co.，頁 10:

Consequently, the moment of inertia of a body relative to any axis can be found when that for the parallel axis through its centre of gravity is known.

1884，Benjamin Williamson，An Elementary Treatise on the Integral Calculus，第4th版, Appleton and Company，頁 292:

Stresses due to vertical shearing forces also depend on moment of inertia and are discussed in Chapter 8.
Some mathematicians and stress analysts use the term second moment of area instead of moment of inertia. That term is, in fact, more descriptive of the definition of this property in the following discussion.

2007，Robert L. Mott，Applied Strength of Materials，第5th版, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press)，頁 323:


torque

借自拉丁語 torqueō (“扭轉”)。


torque

借自拉丁語 torqueō (“扭轉”)。

torques (third-person singular present)
torquing (present participle)
torqueing (present participle)
torqued (past participle)

對……施加扭矩以使繞軸旋轉


torque

源自法語 torque，源自古法語，源自拉丁語 torquis；或直接借自拉丁語 torquēs（參見早期英語 torques）。

單扭項鏈（一般由金屬製作，早期歐洲人的飾品）


dynamic viscosity

[化学]动力黏度，動態黏度；動力黏滯性


potential energy

[電機工程]势能；位能；[電子計算機]電位能


moribund

/ˈmɔːɹɪbʌnd/

（企业、机构、文化）行将灭亡的，即将关闭的，濒于崩溃的


moribund

/ˈmɔːɹɪbʌnd/


morning

forget to take one's medication this morning

sure as the sun is going to come up tomorrow morning

sure as the sun is going to rise tomorrow morning


Macedon

源自中古英语 ← 中古法语 Macédoine。


marauder

/məˈɹɔːdə(ɹ)/

(流動作案的) 強盜、搶劫者

a band of marauders

到處搶劫、掠食的人或動物


machete

音頻（美式，北加利福尼亞）


machete

machetes (third-person singular present)
macheting (present participle)
macheteing (present participle)
macheted (past participle)

音頻（美式，北加利福尼亞）


naturism

/ˈneɪ.t͡ʃəɹˌɪz.əm/


memo

部分結果的記錄，不用重新計算便可重複使用。


memo

memos (third-person singular present)
memoing (present participle)
memoed (past participle)

I made sure to memo him about the client's complaints.

我確保向他提交了關於客戶投訴的備忘錄。


noel

noël (alternative)
nowell (alternative)
nowel (alternative)
noels (plural)


naevus

借自拉丁語 naevus。


kraken

Kraken的另一種寫法


mortuary

/ˈmɔɹt͡ʃəˌwɛɹi/

/ˈmɔːt͡ʃʊəɹi/

/ˈmɔːt͡ʃwəɹi/


mite

來自中古英語 mite (“螨”)，來自古英語 mīte (“螨，小蟲”)，來自原始日耳曼語 *mītǭ (“咬人的蟲”)，來自*maitaną (“切，割”)，來自原始印歐語 *mey- (“小的”) 或 *mai- (“切，割”)。與古高地德語 mīza (“螨”)、中古荷蘭語 mīte (“蛾，螨”)、荷蘭語 mijt (“蛾，螨”)、丹麥語 mide (“螨”)同族。

英格蘭過去流通的一種小硬幣，面值約等於三分之一法尋

One mite wrung from the lab'rer's hands
Shall buy and sell the miser's lands;

1803，威廉·布萊克William Blake，Auguries of Innocence:

公元前後使用於巴勒斯坦的一種小硬幣

很輕的質量；十二分之一格令

(有時作副詞) 很小的事物/質量，少量

"Well," I says, "I cal'late a body could get used to Tophet if he stayed there long enough." She flared up; the least mite of a slam at Doctor Wool was enough to set her going.

1913，Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln，章號 V, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients，New York, N.Y., London: D. Appleton and Company, →OCLC, →OL; 再版 New York, N.Y., London: D. Appleton and Company, 1914, →OCLC，頁s 124–125:

"Silas, now," Esther Whitley had said, "would be a good one for you, Hannah. He's a mite on the old side, but he's steady, an' he's been wed before. He knows the ways of a woman better'n some."

1956，Janice Holt Giles，章號 8, in Hannah Fowler，Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, →OCLC; 再版 Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky, 1992, →ISBN，頁 69:

Those trousers are a mite too big, but you'll soon grow into them.

1959，Frances Cavanah，Abe Lincoln Gets His Chance，Chicago, Ill.: Rand McNally, →OCLC; Abe Lincoln Gets His Chance (ReadHowYouWant Classics Library)，第EasyRead large版, U.S.A.: ReadHowYouWant, 2008, →ISBN，頁 30:

小壞蛋；愛搗蛋者，或惹人憐者

“Tom told me that, but twasn't your fault, the little mite just couldn't wait to be born that's all.” A small smile played on Leah's lips.

2014，Lorraine F Elli，The Little Town Mouse:


mite

might的視覺方言拼法。


kroner

The Norwegian government said 1.25 billion kroner, or $186 million (U.S.), worth of Barrick stock and 249 million kroner ($67 million) worth of Textron stock was sold quietly ahead of the announcement to avoid influencing the market.

挪威政府表示，為了避免影響市場，在公告前已悄悄出售了價值 12.5 億克朗，即 1.86 億美元的巴里克股票和價值 2.49 億克朗（6700 萬美元）的德事隆股票。

2009年January31日，“Norway sheds stock of Barrick, Textron”, in Toronto Star:


mossy

mossier (comparative)
mossiest (superlative)


mostly

mostlie (alternative)
moastly (alternative)

主要、首先；大多；通常、廣泛、大抵、大都。

They're mostly good people, although they have made a few mistakes.

雖然他們都犯過錯，但是他們大多是好人。

Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.

2013年June29日，“A punch in the gut”, in The Economist，卷 407, 期 8842，頁s 72-3:

She was to be their chosen visitor, she was to be for weeks under the same roof with the person whose society she mostly prized …!


mitochondria

Muscles contain many mitochondria so that they can have large energy supplies.

肌肉含有許多粒線體，因此可以提供大量的能量。


mitochondria

mitochondria (plural)
mitochondrias (plural)

The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.

粒線體是細胞的動力來源。


marijuana

來自墨西哥西班牙語 marihuana，來自mariguana。最早見於1894年，起源不确定。有一種民間詞源說法認為是受專有名詞 María Juana (“Mary Jane”) 的影響。

marihuana (alternative)
marijuanas (plural)

/ˌmɛɹɪˈwɑ.nə/

/ˌmæɹɪˈwɑː.nə/

After smoking a bowl of that fine marijuana, they ate some brownies.

吸完一碗上好的大麻之後，他們吃了點巧克力布朗尼。

Exactly. Marijuana is something we just all gradually decided is okay, like Mark Wahlberg as a serious actor. “You know what? Sure, I’ve decided I’m fine with that.”

確實如此。大麻這種東西，我們現在都已經逐漸可以接受了，就像馬克·華伯格逐漸成長為入流演員一樣。“你知道嗎？當然，我已經肯定我能接受了。”

2017年April2日，“Marijuana”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver，季数 4, 集数 7, John Oliver (actor), 經由 HBO:


marimba

借自葡萄牙語 marimba，經由一種班圖語支語言，可能是金邦杜語 marimba (“木琴”)。

The default ringtone for your iPhone is a marimba sound, but if you'd like to change it, start at the Home screen, then tap on the Settings icon.

iPhone 的默认铃声是马林巴琴声，但如果您想更改它，请先转到主屏幕，然后点击“设置”图标。

2009，Scott Kelby, Terry White，The iPhone Book, Third Edition (Covers iPhone 3GS, iPhone 3G, and iPod Touch)，Peachpit Press, →ISBN:


mother-of-all

/ˈmʌðəɹəvˌɔːl/


non-

:< 拉丁语 non < 古拉丁语 noenu、noenum < 古拉丁语 neoenum（没有一个）。另见 none。

添加前缀时，连接符时常可有可无。
与 un- 相比，否定语气更加强烈。
可添加在名词、动词、形容词或副词后。


non-

:< 拉丁语 nona（九）。

同 nona-，用于元音前。


neoplasty

通过肉芽组织形成，粘连性炎症或自体成形术来修复某一部位


kummerbund

All this splendor was set off by a black shawl kummerbund, and blackish upper vest of the cloth called keem-khab, embroidered with large gold leaves. The vest was made like those of all other Mahomedans, but the lower part of it stuck out as you see painted in Indian prints, and altogether destroyed his figure; and the kummerbund was large and heavy.

1809年March6日，“Embassy to Cabul, No. II. Description of the Introduction to His Majesty the King of Cabul, of the British Attendants on Mr. Elphinstone, in His Embassy to the King of that Country.”, in The Literary Panorama，卷 VIII, London: Printed by Cox, Son, and Baylis, […], for C. Taylor, […], 出版於 November 1810, →OCLC，列 1329:


mixologist

bartender

調酒師 （自1856年）

調酒師 （自1856年）

By the way, the difference between a bartender and a mixologist can be confusing, but normally a bartender serves the patrons at a sit-down style bar, where a mixologist would usually work at a very busy service-style bar.

1999，Bob Emmons，The Book of Gins and Vodkas: A Complete Guide，頁 63:

But now we see a split in the mixed-drink community. On one hand, cool bars and star mixologists are lauded and awarded as never before. On the other, booze brands are rushing to develop pre-mixed beverages for a burgeoning Ready to Drink (RTD) market.

2022年July4日，Ben Schott，“Is There Anything That Gen Z Won’t Drink?”, in The Washington Post:


macrocyst

巨囊，大胞囊（网状菌丝体在有性生殖过程中形成的包裹在纤维素壁内的细胞集合体）


nonageing

未时效（nonaging的另一写法）


nametag

名牌（写有某人名字的标签、标牌）

Here's your nametag for the business conference.

这是您参加商务会议的名牌。

We'd better put nametags in the children's school uniforms, in case they get mixed up.

我们最好在孩子们的校服上放上名牌，以防混淆。


kvass

借自俄語 квас (kvas)。

She […] talked constantly, mostly of her childhood, the young ladies’ school she had attended, and the pleasures of Kiev in the summertime.
“Days are long and hot, but nights are languorous and starlit. People refresh themselves in their flower gardens and some walk in the parks, drink kvass and lemonade, and listen to the symphonies […]”

她滔滔不绝地说着，话题多是她的童年时光、曾就读的女子学校，以及基辅夏日的欢愉。
“白昼漫长炎热，夜晚却慵懒而星光璀璨。人们在自家花园纳凉，或漫步公园，饮着克瓦斯与柠檬水，聆听着交响乐……”

1966，Bernard Malamud，章號 2, in The Fixer:


nepenthes

:出自新拉丁语 Nepenthes ("忘忧")，出自拉丁语 nēpenthes ("忘忧")，出自古希腊语 νηπενθής (nēpenthḗs, "忘忧")。
本意“忘忧之物”，出自古希腊诗人荷马(Ὅμηρος)所作的《奥德赛》("ΟΔΥΣΣΕΙΑ")。后由植物学家卡尔·林奈(Carl Linnaeus)借用作为典故为一类植物命名(最先命名的模式种为“Nepenthes distillatoria”)。


Nanking

源自官話 南京 (南京話)，并经由郵政式拼音加强，这一形式保留了 /k/在现代腭化为/tɕ/之前的语音特征。

Wherefore he firſt placed his Court at Nanking nee to the bank of that great River of Kiang, which the Chineſſes,in reſpect of the hugh Mountains of water which it diſcharges into the Ocean, call the Son of the Sea :

因此，他首先将朝廷设在南京，靠近长江河岸，中国人因江水流入海洋而称其为“洋子”：

1655，F. Alvarez Semedo，“Bellum Tartaricum”, in The History of That Great and Renowned Monarchy of China，E. Tyler，頁 256:

In China the quantity of Ships is innumerable, as the Sand of the Sea : Thoſe which carry Corn only to Peking amounting to 9999 (*) large Ships, ſufficient to carry above thirty or forty thouſand weight : and their paſſage from Nanking to Peking, being ſeven or eight hundred (†) (Italian) Miles, mostly through Artificial Channels, takes up full ſix Months time.
. . .
(†)That our Author muſt here be underſtood to intend Italian Miles is beyond all question : For the extent of the whole Empire from the moſt remote part of it the Iſland of Hainan, to that part of it which borders on the Muſcovian Empire, doth not contain about 8 or 900 Leagues or Hours ; nor is the fartheſt part of Nanking, where the River falls into the Sea, above 250 French or common Dutch Miles ; which according to our Author's account make 7 or 800 (Italian) Miles, which word I have therefore ventured to inſert in a Parentheſis.

1706，Dionysius Kao，A Short Description of the Vaſt Empire of China，London，頁 163:

Chiang-su was the main centre of the great Tʻai Pʻing rebellion, Nanking being the rebel capital from 1853 to 1864.

江苏是太平天国起义的主要中心，南京在1853年至1864年间为起义政权的首都。

1898，Harlan P. Beach，Dawn on the Hills of Tʻang，New York, →OCLC，頁 154:

By 1857, Imperialist troops were drawing close lines around the rebels, who had begun to lose rather than to gain ground. An-chʻing and Nanking, the only two cities which remained to them, were blockaded, and the Manchu plan was simply to starve the enemy out.

1857年，清军已将叛军包围，而叛军却节节败退。他们仅存的两座城市——安庆和南京已被封锁，而清政府所需做的计划仅仅是断绝敌军的粮草。

1912，Herbert A. Giles，“Hsien Fêng”, in China and The Manchus，Cambridge History Press, →OCLC, →OL，頁 86:

Again, while divided counsels no longer exist at Canton, and both Kwangtung and Kwangsi are now under the control of Nanking, the agreement between Nanking and the Kwangsi war lords depends for its success on the spirit in which it is carried out.

1936，H. Hessell Tiltman，The Far East Comes Nearer，Jarrolds，頁 250:

As my husband's ship stopped for a day or two at Kiu-kiang, Anking, and Wu-hu, enroute to Nanking, I arrived three days before his ship anchored off the bund.

由于我丈夫的船在前往南京的途中在九江、安庆和芜湖停留了一两天，所以我在他的船抛锚之前三天就到达了。

1939，Virgina Holton，The Beeps，New York: John Day Company，頁 133:

As regards barbarities committed by the Japanese army since our war of resistance, the fall of Nanking in December 1937 is a case in point. Over 200,000 civilians were massacred within one week.

说到抗战以来日军的暴行，一九三七年十二月南京沦陷就是一个例证，在一周之内，就有二十多万平民惨遭屠杀。

1942 [1942年February21日]，Kai-shek Chiang，“One half of the world's people”, in All We Are and All We Have，New York: Chinese News Service, →OCLC，頁 11:

On February 18, 1853, Chiu-chiang fell to the rebels, who went on to take Anking. Less than a month later, on March 19, the Taiping forces captured the beautiful city of Nanking, which was renamed T'ien-ching (Heavenly Capital) to commemorate the occasion.

1853年2月18日，九江沦陷，叛军随后攻占安庆。不到一个月后，3月19日，太平军攻占了美丽的南京城，为了纪念这一胜利，改南京为天京。

1975，Frederic Wakeman, Jr.，The Fall of Imperial China，頁 152:

Wang also accused Hsu of instigating ranking officers in the Nanking Military District to disobey transfer orders....
On Feb. 22, Hsu attended a “Conference on the Development of Socialist Civilization” in Nanking.

1983年March20日，“Hainan protest over Teng's economic plans”, in Free China Weekly，卷 XXIV, 期 11, Taipei，頁 3:

The third option would be to mount a missile attack on key targets in Taiwan. Chinese missiles have sufficient range and they would cause considerable damage. They have already demonstrated that their M9 missiles, fired without explosive warheads from a base in the Nanking military district, have been launched successfully, landing inside the two designated target "boxes" northeast and southwest of Taiwan.

第三个选项是对台湾的关键目标发动导弹袭击。中国导弹射程足够，能够造成相当大的破坏。他们已经证明，从南京军区基地发射的M9导弹（不带爆炸弹头）成功发射，落在了台湾东北和西南两个指定的目标“箱”内。

1996年March15日，Michael Evans，“China offensive cannot be ruled out, experts say”, in The Times，期 65,528, →ISSN, →OCLC, Overseas News，頁 14，列 3:

Barely remembered in the West, the rape of Nanking -- then the capital of China -- by the Japanese imperial forces in 1937 stands as a gruesome testimonial to man’s inhumanity to man.[…]
Having already annexed Manchuria, Japan started its full-scale attack on the Chinese mainland in summer 1937 with extensive air raids on Shanghai and Nanking. Chinese citizens who had money and most foreigners had fled Nanking before the ground troops arrived that December.

西方几乎没人记得1937年大日本帝国军队对当时中国首都南京的暴行，它残酷地证明了人与人之间惨无人道的残酷行径。 […]
吞并中国东北后，日本于1937年夏天对中国大陆发动全面进攻，大规模空袭上海和南京。在12月地面部队抵达之前，南京城内的中国籍富人和大多数外国人都逃离了。

2007年January29日，James Greenberg，“Beautifully crafted docu chronicles gruesome massacre”, in Reuters，存檔自the original on 2023-03-11, Reviews News:

For the first time on Saturday, China held a national day of remembrance on the 77th anniversary of Japanese atrocities committed in the city of Nanjing in the run-up to World War II. President Xi Jinping led the commemorations in front of a crowd of some 10,000 people, among whom were survivors or relatives of victims of the "Rape of Nanking," a six-week reign of terror during which the Imperial Japanese Army carried out mass killings and rapes.

周六，中国首次举行全国性纪念活动，纪念二战前夕日军在南京犯下暴行77周年。国家主席习近平在约一万名民众面前主持了纪念活动，其中包括“南京大屠杀”幸存者或受害者家属。“南京大屠杀”是一场持续六周的恐怖统治，日本皇军在南京实施了大规模屠杀和强奸。

2014年December13日，“China's Xi: Nanjing massacre undeniable”, in Deutsche Welle，存檔自the original on 2016-04-25, Asia:

The ROC Constitution was adopted on December 25, 1946, by the National Assembly convened in Nanking. It was promulgated by the National Government on January 1, 1947, and put into effect on December 25 of the same year. According to Article 174 of the Constitution, amendments to the Constitution shall be proposed and decided by the National Assembly, or proposed by the Legislative Yuan, followed by a referendum by the National Assembly.

中华民国宪法于1946年12月25日由国民大会在南京召开通过，并于1947年1月1日由国民政府公布，同年12月25日施行。根据宪法第174条规定，宪法修正案，由国民大会提出决议，或由立法院提出决议，经国民大会复决。

2022/3，“Referendums Profile”, in Central Election Commission，存檔自the original on 2023-08-31, Referendums:

According to official KMT records in Nanking, Tibet never paid taxes to the ROC government.

根据南京的国民党官方记录，西藏从未向中华民国政府缴纳税款。

2023年February1日，Khedroob Thondup，“Taiwan must stand up for itself”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2023-02-01, Editorials，頁 8:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:Nanking。


nephelometer

來自古希臘語 νεφέλη (nephélē，“cloud”) + -meter。

用於測量流體（尤指膠體）中懸浮顆粒的各個方面的儀器。


necessarily

more necessarily (comparative)
most necessarily (superlative)

/ˌnɛsəˈsɛɹəli/

/ˌnɛsəˈsɛɹəli/

But clever cities will not necessarily be better ones.

但“聪明”的城市不一定就更好。

2013年September7日，“The multiplexed metropolis”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8852:

It is not necessarily true that children get their morals from their parents.

孩子的道德不一定是从父母那里得到的。

Solutions abound, but not necessarily where we expect them.

解决方案比比皆是，但不一定是我们所期望的。


necessary

/ˈnɛsəˌsɛɹi/


nonchalant

more nonchalant (comparative)
most nonchalant (superlative)


mock-up

大約1915–1920年，mock up (動詞) 的動詞派生詞，仿造法語 maquette的詞。

The second-class accommodation shown in mock-up at last year's Railway Design exhibition in London was open saloon, but there is still nagging concern that the public has expressed a clear preference for compartments.

1964 February，“British Railways' passenger plans”, in Modern Railways，頁 73:

A full-size mock-up carriage of a Liverpool City Region Class 777, built as a part of the design process, has been transferred to the National College for Advanced Transportation & Infrastructure (NCATI) in Doncaster, to be used as a teaching aid.

2022年January12日，“News in pictures: Liverpool carriage goes to college”, in RAIL，期 948，頁 20:

I knew that the software was a mock up and as such it would require the team at least half an hour to put together the components before I could proceed.

2018，Dr Low Lee Yong，I Dare to Dream - Making Possible the Impossible:

This 5mm square grid notebook is great to use for diagrams, mock-ups, designs, everyday use, notes, calculations, lists, doodling, musings or other creativity projects.

2019，Squared Grid Notebook: Square Grid Notebook/Journal，Elite Blank Books:


marmot

來自中古法語 marmote，來自古法語 marmotaine、marmontaine、murmontain，來自古法蘭克-普羅旺斯語 marmotan，來自通俗拉丁語 *mures montani，來自拉丁語 mus monti (“山鼠”)，來自古典拉丁語 mus alpini；與恩加丁羅曼什語 murmont、古高地德語 muremunto（方言德語 Murmentel，標準語Murmeltier）等同族。


mockup

mock-up的另一種拼寫法。


Nietzsche

尼采，源自德語的姓氏，因德國哲學家弗里德里希·威廉·尼采（Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche，1844–1900）聞名

You would not like Nietzsche, sir. He is fundamentally unsound.

你不會喜歡尼采的，先生。他根本就有病。


modifiable

源自法語 modifiable。By surface analysis, modify + -able。

more modifiable (comparative)
most modifiable (superlative)

可修正的；可變更的；可修飾的；可緩和的


nightingale

:出自古英语 nihtgale，即 niht ("夜晚") + gale ("歌唱")。


nightmare

一种传说中的雌性妖怪，可进入人的梦境中，施以妖法使人产生窒息感并做噩梦(即鬼压床)。梦魔，梦魇，魇。

噩梦。非常糟糕而且吓人的梦境。

恐怖的经历，恐怖的事情。


nightshade

(植物学) 夜影属，茄属。


Mogadishu

源自阿拉伯語 مَقَدِيشُو (maqadīšū)。

摩加迪沙/摩加迪休，索馬里首都


negate

借自拉丁語 negātus，negāre (“拒絕、否決”)的過去分詞，源自*nec-aiare（或相似的形式），源自nec (“非；亦非”) + aiere (“說”)。

negates (third-person singular present)
negating (present participle)
negated (past participle)

否認存在、證據或真實性；牴觸

The investigation tending to negate any supernatural influences.


negative

more negative (comparative)
most negative (superlative)


nervous

more nervous (comparative)
most nervous (superlative)


nilpotent

來自nil (“沒有任何”) + potent (“有冪”)，字面意義即「有零冪次」。兩個字根分別來自拉丁語 nil 和 potens。由美國數學家本傑明·皮爾斯（Benjamin Peirce）於1870年與idempotent一起創造，使用於結合代數等領域。

The rest of this book is devoted to determining the conjugacy classes and centralizers of nilpotent elements in L(G) and unipotent elements in G, where G is an exceptional algebraic group of type E₈,E₇, E₆, F₄ or G₂ over an algebraically closed field K of characteristic p. This chapter contains statements of the main results for nilpotent elements.

2012, Martin W. Liebeck, Gary M. Seitz, Unipotent and Nilpotent Classes in Simple Algebraic Groups and Lie Algebras, American Mathematical Society, page 129,


nilpotent

The so-called spinor algebra of C(2), the language of the quantum mechanics, is formulated in terms of the idempotents and nilpotents of the geometric algebra of space, including its beautiful representation on the Riemann sphere, and a new proof of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

2015，Garret Sobczyk，“Part I: Vector Analysis of Spinors”, in arXiv:


microprogram

microprograms (third-person singular present)
microprogramming (present participle)
microprogrammed (past participle)


masochist

源自19世紀奧地利作家利奧波德·馮·薩克-馬索克（Leopold von Sacher-Masoch） + -ist。

被虐狂，受虐狂（從傷害自己或被他人傷害當中得到性愉悅的人）


Nehru

借自印地語 नेहरू (nehrū)。

尼赫魯，源自印地語的姓氏。 賈瓦哈拉爾·尼赫魯，印度第一任總理


madder

來自中古英語 mader、madere、mædere，來自古英語 mædere、mæddre、mædre，來自原始日耳曼語 *madarǭ（對照瑞典語 madra、古諾爾斯語 / 冰島語 maðra），來自原始印歐語 *modʰro-，與原始斯拉夫語 *modrъ (“藍色”)同源，和對照愛爾蘭語 madar (“茜草”)、拉脫維亞語 madara (“茜草”)。

common madder (Rubia cordifolia, Rubia tinctorum)

茜草的根，可藥用或染色用

madder：

Her big head has coloured to a dim and dreadful madder.


madder

來自愛爾蘭語 meadar。

mether的棄用形式。

Usequebaugh to our feast - In pails was brought up,

c.1720 Jonathan Swift (translation from the Irish) "O'Rourke's Feast":


madder

madders (third-person singular present)
maddering (present participle)
maddered (past participle)

matter的視覺方言拼法。


neighbour

来自中古英語 neyghebour，neighebor，neighbour，neihebur，来自古英語 nēahġebūr (“邻居”)，来自原始日耳曼語 *nēhwagabūrô (“邻居”)，等价于nigh + bower。与低地蘇格蘭語 nichbour (“邻居”)、薩特弗里斯蘭語 Noaber (“邻居”)、荷蘭語 nabuur (“邻居”)、德國低地德語 Navur (“邻居”)、德語 Nachbar (“邻居”)、丹麥語 nabo (“邻居”)、挪威語 nabo (“邻居”)、冰島語 nábúi (“邻居”)同源。详见nigh、bower (“农民”)。

我向邻居借了一些糖来做蛋糕。

I borrowed some sugar from my neighbour to make a cake.


neighbour

neighbours (third-person singular present)
neighbouring (present participle)
neighboured (past participle)

新的购物中心将与公园相邻。

The new shopping mall will neighbour the park.


madison

* (自行車)： 以此類賽事最早舉辦地，紐約的麥迪遜廣場花園（Madison Square Garden）命名。
* (舞蹈)： 以紐約麥迪遜大道（Madison Avenue）命名。

麥迪遜賽，場地自行車的其中一個比賽項目。

一種流行於20世紀50年代後期至60年代中期的排舞。


massacre

村莊的大屠殺讓許多家庭陷入了絕望之中。

The massacre at the village left many families devastated.


massacre

massacres (third-person singular present)
massacring (present participle)
massacred (past participle)

敵軍在鎮上屠殺了無辜的平民。

The enemy troops massacred innocent civilians in the town.


meritorious

more meritorious (comparative)
most meritorious (superlative)

/ˌmɛɹɪˈtɔɹi.əs/

/ˌmɛɹɪˈtoʊɹi.əs/


masseur

You each get a regular massage by a naked masseur.

你们每人都会受到一位裸体按摩师的常规按摩。


masseuse

同類詞：masseur

Oh! I'm a masseuse. I give people massages and stuff.
哦！我是按摩师。我给人按摩之类的。

He was a great masseuse.

2003，Helena B. Rich., L. C. S. W. Helena B. Rich，The Art of Masturdating: A Guidebook for Single Heterosexuals，iUniverse, →ISBN，頁 103:

He was a good masseuse, and could always make Jez relax.

他是一名出色的按摩师，总是能让杰兹放松下来。

2012，Penny Dixon，Betrayed，Troubador Publishing Ltd, →ISBN，頁 57:

Waited, got up, opened the door and saw the masseuse playing backgammon. Told him I was ready, didn't know what for. He waved me away, and I returned to the slab. By the time he came in, a mustached masseuse was sponging down a German woman on the opposite side of the marble; her husband sat on the perimeter watching (this was not a traditional hamam).

1998，Bad Subjects Production Team，Bad Subjects: Political Education for Everyday Life，NYU Press, →ISBN:

Just less than a week ago, he'd said he'd tell Peter's parents, his school, the press, that Peter was an erotic masseuse.
就在不到一周前，他说他会告诉彼得的父母、学校和媒体，彼得是一名色情按摩师。

year unknown, Jamie Lake, BOOK 4 - Bad Boy: Naughty at Night: Bad Boy | Gay Romance MM Boyfriend Series, Jamie Lake

In most massages, both the male masseuse and the female client are naked and the focus is on erogenous zones.

在大多数按摩中，男按摩师和女顾客都是裸体的，按摩的重点是性感区。

2011，Mark D West，Lovesick Japan: Sex Marriage, Romance, Law，頁 152:


microsecond

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-microsecond.wav

He'd be on her ass in a microsecond, revoke her letters testamentary, they'd call her names, proclaim her through all Orange County as a redistributionist and pinko, slip the old man from Warpe, Wistfull, Kubitschek and McMingus in as administrator de bonis non and so much baby for code, constellations, shadow-legatees.

1966 March，Thomas Pynchon，章號 6, in The Crying of Lot 49，New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, 出版於 November 1976, →ISBN，頁 136:

The data word processor 606 handles the in-flow and out-flow of byte-oriented input/output data and interleaved signals at a rate of, for example, 500 kilobytes per second. Instruction processing rates of four to eight per microsecond are required for such a data flow.

1969，Harold R. Dell，HIGH-DENSITY PERMANENT DATA STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM，US Patent 3638185:

O₂^(•−) and OH^• are highly unstable (half-life at the level of microseconds and nanoseconds, respectively) and cannot cross membrane, while H₂O₂, though not a free radical but a ROS, is relatively stable (half-life around 1 ms) (Møller et al. 2007) and can cross membranes through aquaporins.

2015，Rup Kumar Kar，“ROS Signaling: Relevance with Site of Production and Metabolism of ROS”, in Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Damage in Plants Under Stress，Springer, →ISBN，頁 117:


muffle

來自中古英語 muflen (“包裹”)，盎格魯-諾曼語 amoufler的語頭音消失，來自古法語 enmoufler (“纏繞，包裹”)，來自moufle (“連指手套”)，來自中世紀拉丁語 muffula (“暖手筒”)，日耳曼語族的原型 (— C.E.817年首次在Capitulary of Aachen所紀錄)，來自古法蘭克語 *muffël (“套，包裹，信封”)來自*mauwa (“套子，包裹”) (來自原始日耳曼語 *mawwō (“套子”)) + *vël (“外皮，皮革”) (來自原始日耳曼語 *fellą (“外皮，薄膜，羊毛”)。另一個詞源將中世紀拉丁語一詞追溯到古法蘭克語 *molfell (“柔軟皮革製成的衣服”)，來自*mol (“柔軟，軟化”) (與古高地德語 molawēn (“軟化”), 中古高地德語 molwic (“軟”), 英語 mulch同族) + *fell (“皮革，皮膚”)。

任何能使聲音變啞或安靜的東西。

N.B.—Mr Broughton proposes, with proper assistance, to open an academy at his house in the Haymarket, for the instruction of those who are willing to be initiated in the mystery of boxing: […] muffles are provided, that will effectually secure them from the inconveniency of black eyes, broken jaws, and bloody noses.

1749，Henry Fielding，The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:

一個窯或爐，通常用電，沒有直接火焰

裝在反芻動物的鼻孔之間的物體

Between the two pulleys c, c¹, and around the shaft a, is a muffle d, which receives at both ends the rounded heads of three, four, five, or more screws f, which act as levers. The levers are formed of a right and lefthanded screw, f, and f¹. The two screws are united together by means of a nut g, so that, by turning it, they are lengthened or shortened. The heads of the upper screws f¹, act upon the blocks e, e¹, contained in boxes supported by the plates h, h¹, through the centre of which passes the shaft a. These plates h, h¹, are fixed on the shaft a; they are of a smaller diameter than the inside of the pulleys c, c¹; their object is to keep the blocks e, e¹, from twisting.
By moving the muffle d, to the left, the levers or screws f, f, will force the blocks e, to bear against the inside of the pulley c, placed on that side. The motion of this pulley will cause the muffle d, and consequently the shaft a, to revolve. By pushing the muffle d, on the opposite side, the blocks e, will depress the pulley c, and the blocks e¹, will bear against the pulley c¹, the band of which being crossed, will cause the shaft a, to revolve in a reverse direction.
This shaft being furnished with a pinion, will transmit to a toothed wheel or rack, a motion in both directions at the desired instant, since it is only necessary to give the muffle d, a lateral movement from right to left, or from left to right, by means of a fork which acts on the part b.
By placing the muffle d, half way between the two pullies c, and c¹, the blocks e, and e¹, will release the said pullies, and the shaft a, will be motionless.
The patentee claims, ”the characteristic principle of the mechanical combination herein described, applicable to all cases where it may be useful, by varying the shapes or dimensions according to the power of the machines to which they may be applied.”

1858，Newton's London Journal of Arts and Sciences. New Series，卷 7，頁 26:


muffle

muffles (third-person singular present)
muffling (present participle)
muffled (past participle)

muffled up in darkness and superstition

1712, John Arbuthnot, The History of John Bull

The singer's voice was muffled by the thick walls, yet Tyrion knew the verse.

1999, George R.R. Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam 2011, p. 397:

矇住頭部來防止看、聽或說話


nasalization

nasalisation (alternative)
nasalizations (plural)

eclipsis

詞首的變音，表現為清輔音濁化、濁塞音變為鼻音化輔音、元音前加鼻音化輔音

詞首的變音，表現為清輔音濁化、濁塞音變為鼻音化輔音、元音前加鼻音化輔音


mugwort

來自中古英語 mugwort、mugwyrt、mucgwurt，來自古英語 mucgwyrt、mucwyrt等，來自原始日耳曼語；可能對應midge + wort。與地域性的低地德語 muggart、mugwurz同源。

mugworts (plural)
mogwort (alternative)
mogworte (alternative)
mucgwurt (alternative)
muggeworte (alternative)
mugwourth (alternative)
mugwurt (alternative)
mugwyrt (alternative)

蒿屬，原產於歐洲和亞洲的幾種芳香植物中的任一屬（Artemisia）

Mugwort is with good success put among other herbs that are boiled, for women to sit over the hot decoction to draw down their courses, to help the delivery of the birth and expel the afterbirth, as also for the obstructions and inflammations of the mother.

1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, Folio Society 2007, p. 197:


masterful

more masterful (comparative)
most masterful (superlative)


mulberry

來自中古英語 Mulbery、molberye、murberie，部分來自古英語 mōrberġe (“桑”)和中古低地德語 mulbere (“桑”)。對照荷蘭語 moerbezie、moerbei (“桑”)、德語 Maulbeere (“桑”)。

Different qualities of the Mulberry. Among the different species of the Mulberry, it is ascertained that the Italian, (Morus italica) is eaten by the silk worm, with eager appetite. It's fruit is very small, and of a pale rose colour.

1837, Luigi Tinelli, Hints on the Cultivation of the Mulberry, with Some General Observations on the Production of Silk, page 39:

You can also make good jam with mulberries, and they taste great cooked or mixed together with other fruits. Mulberries are rich in sugar with moderate amounts of vitamin C. Their rich colours are a sign that they contain high levels of […]

2010, Geoff Stebbings, Growing Your Own Fruit and Veg For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons (ISBN 9781119992233)

深紫色和紅色之間的色調。

mulberry：


mulberry

more mulberry (comparative)
most mulberry (superlative)

深紫色和紅色之間的色調。


nitrobacterium

源自 nitro- + bacterium 或 Nitrobacter + -ium。


nonreusable

不可重複使用的材料或物品


masurium

Masuria (“馬祖里亞”) + -ium，名稱來自瓦尔特·诺达克的祖籍，他在1925年發現這種元素的存在。


neurohumoral

神经介质的，神经体液的，神经（和）激素的


monger

/ˈmʌŋ.ɡə(ɹ)/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-monger.wav


middle-class

more middle-class (comparative)
most middle-class (superlative)


noodles

noodle的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


normalization

[ˌnoː.məˌlɑɪˈzæɪ.ʃn̩]


magnifico

magnificos (plural)
magnificoes (plural)


magnum

:< 拉丁語 magnum （“大的”）。

（容量为1.5升的葡萄酒）大酒瓶，大瓶


neuropsychology

由此揭示的事實，或由此產生的知識體系。


maidenhead

maydenhead (alternative)
maidenheads (plural)

Put in but little Silver or Gold, for if you do, you quite spoil the Compoſition ; but inſtead thereof, add of Tradeſmens Bills for Cloaths, to the Value of 100 l. [¶] Laſtly, Take away the Girl's Maidenhead, and then the Compoſition is fit for Uſe.

1713，Sir John Willes，The Speech that was Intended to Have Been Spoken by the Terræ-Filius: In the Theatre at O----d, July 13, 1713, Had Not His Mouth Been Stopp'd by the V. Ch------r:

Gallants, a bashful poet bids me say,
He's come to lose his maidenhead to-day.
Be not too fierce; for he's but green of age,
And ne'er, till now, debauch'd upon the stage.

1760，John Dryden，The Miscellaneous Works: Containing All His Original Poems, Tales, and Translations，頁 367:

My lord,[…]/ I brought you nothing else it may be said / But faith and nakedness and maidenhead.

1951，Geoffrey Chaucer，Nevill Coghill, transl.，The Canterbury Tales: Translated into Modern English (Penguin Classics)，Penguin Books, 出版於 1977，頁 363:

She prayed to Pallas, and by her help escaped from him in the form of a crow, rejoicing more to keep her maidenhead white under the blackness of the feathers than to lose it and be adorned with the fairest pearls.

1900，John Gower，The English Works of John Gower:

So the reference to the plucking of the ginger flower is again an indirect allusion to the taking of the girl's maidenhead .

1995，Ruth H. Finnegan，Margaret Orbell，Reader in Maori Head of Department of Maori Margaret Orbell，South Pacific Oral Traditions，Indiana University Press, →ISBN，頁 70:

The gender reversals that pervade this play continue mischievously in the man's maidenhead being the undisclosed secret.

2004，Yu Jin Ko，Mutability and Division on Shakespeare's Stage，頁 70:

“[…] He said that Katheryn told him he should have her maidenhead, though it be painful to her. I told him to be gone with his empty promises of marriage. But I doubt not that Mr. Mannox has known her intimately.”

2004，Margaret Doner，Merlin's Handbook for Seekers and Starseeds，iUniverse, →ISBN，頁 94:

[…] a young virgin makes an even trade of her maidenhead for a hat that she desires. She negotiates with the haberdasher, who originally stipulated for her maidenhead plus a crown […]

2006，C. Harol，Enlightened Virginity in Eighteenth-Century Literature，Springer, →ISBN，頁 87:

The penis imagery becomes apparent: the nails are 'blunt' and 'large', designed to push through the fair skin in body parts (feet, hands) that had earlier been described in erotically-charged language. As if losing his maidenhead, Christ's body 'bursts' when entered, bringing forth a gush of blood that mars his white (womanly) skin.

2009，The Milieu and Context of the Wooing Group，頁 141:

Almost immediately afterwards, Scanlan discovered that the marriage was legal; Ellie was his wife. He began to feel that he had paid an exceptionally high price for his maidenhead.


maidenhood

來自中古英語 maydenhode、meidenhod、maȝdenhad，來自古英語 mæġdenhād (“處女時代”)，等同於maiden + -hood。


mailbox

郵箱，存儲收發電子郵件的地址


mailman

"What I'm thinking," she said, "is that I'll become a mailman. They're hiring women mailmen now, you know. [...]"

“我在想，”她说，“我要去当个邮差。现在他们也开始招女邮差了，你知道吧。……”

1974，Ella Leffland，Love Out of Season，頁 364:


maim

:< 中古英語 maymen、mahaymen < 盎格魯-諾曼語 maheimer、mahaigner。另见 mayhem。

maims (third-person singular present)
maiming (present participle)
maimed (past participle)

使残废，使受重伤，被伤害


neutrino

由義大利的物理學家恩里科·费米在1933造出，源自 neutron + 意大利語 小稱後綴 -ino。

But researchers at the CERN lab near Geneva claim they have recorded neutrinos, a type of tiny particle, travelling faster than the barrier of 186,282 miles (299,792 kilometres) per second.

2011年September22日，Nick Collins，“Speed of light 'broken' by scientists”, in Daily Telegraph:


maintainability

可修護性；可維持性；可堅持性


mayhem

:< 中古英語 mayme、mahaime < 盎格魯-諾曼語 mahaim（“残伤”） < 古法語 mahaign（“身体的残伤，缺肢”） < < 原始日耳曼语 *maidijanan （“使残废，使受伤”）（对比中古高地德語 meidem、meiden（“阉割的马”）、古諾爾斯語 meiða（“使受伤”）、哥特语 maidjan（“更改、伪造”））， < 原始印欧语 *mei （“变化，更改”）。 另见 mad。


messenger

源自中古英語 messengere、messingere、messangere，源自古法語 messanger，古法語 messagier（對比現代法語 messager）的變體，等同於message + -er。messager 的同源對似詞。
代替本土的古英語 boda (“信使，使者”) 和 ǣrendraca (“信使，特使”)。
至於 -ager 被 -enger、-inger、-anger代替的現象，對比passenger、harbinger、scavenger、porringer。這樣做可能只添加了一個 n，或可能是與其他後綴，如中古英語 -ing的混淆。對比古法語 -ange、-enc、-inge、-inghe (對應英語的 -ing) 與 古法語 -age (對應英語的 -age) 的關係。

根據破產或清償相關法律，執行部分職責（如破產者財產）的人

The Messenger under the joint Commission of Bankruptcy might have seized the Whole, if they had remained in their Warehouse

James Burrow，Reports of Cases Adjudged in the Court of King's Bench:

Have them meet you on your favorite messenger program. IMs provide a means of instant chat without waiting on someone to respond back to you.

2010, Tim Collins, A Woman's Guide to Internet Dating, A Male Perspective (page 49)

一種較輕的線，可以用來拖動較重的線（如從甲板到碼頭）

繫在繩上，用來關閉南森瓶的重物


messenger

messengers (third-person singular present)
messengering (present participle)
messengered (past participle)

I'll messenger over the signed documents.

我會把這封簽名文件郵寄出去。


mayonnaise

非同化借詞，源自法語 mayonnaise，可能以梅諾卡島的 Maó (西班牙語為 Mahón) 市命名，該食譜就是從那裡傳回法國的。對比西班牙語 mahonesa。其他建議的起源包括貝雲市（bayonnaise）；馬耶訥公爵和法語中的單字 manier (“處理”) 或古法語中的 moyeu（即蛋黃）。

Mayonnaise (alternative)
mayonnaises (plural)

由植物油、生蛋黃、醋或檸檬汁和調味料製成的調味品，用於沙拉、炸薯條、三明治等。

There are 250 foods, including mayonnaise, cheese and cocoa, that don't list ingredients at all.

有 250 種食品根本沒有列出成分，包括蛋黃醬、起司和可可。

The FDA's original intent for foods included under "standards of identity" ensured that terms like "mayonnaise" or "ice cream” would guarantee the same basic ingredients required in the government-established recipe no matter who manufactured it.

FDA 對納入「身分標準」的食品的初衷是確保「蛋黃醬」或「冰淇淋」等名稱無論由誰生產，都能保證其基本成分符合政府制定的配方。

1975，Irma S. Rombauer, Marion Rombauer Becker，Joy of Cooking，頁 7:

I grew up thinking that the blue and white Miracle Whip salad dressing jar in the fridge held the same substance the rest of the world knew as mayonnaise. / Now I know that mayonnaise is something entirely different.

我從小就認為冰箱裡藍白相間的 Miracle Whip 沙拉醬罐裡裝的就是世界上其他地方所熟知的蛋黃醬。 / 現在我知道蛋黃醬是完全不同的東西。

The oils in store-bought mayonnaise range from olive oil to sunflower oil to safflower oil and some less desirable oils!

商店購買的蛋黃醬所含的油種類繁多，從橄欖油到葵花籽油、紅花油，甚至還有一些不太理想的油！

2008，Jan McCracken，The Everything Lactose Free Cookbook:

Most store-bought mayonnaise contains ingredients (vinegar, lemonjuice, and salt) that actually slow bacterial growth

大多數商店購買的蛋黃醬都含有可以減緩細菌生長的成分（醋、檸檬汁和鹽）

2012，Marie A. Boyle, Sara Long Roth，Personal Nutrition:

任何以該調味料為原料的冷菜。

We served a lobster mayonnaise as a starter.

我們提供了龍蝦蛋黃醬作為開胃菜。

任何乳霜，例如用於保濕臉部或調理頭髮的乳霜，其基礎成分都是蛋黃和油。

hair mayonnaise

facial mayonnaise

They include cider vinegar, two pre-shampoo products, shampoo, conditioner, hair mayonnaise, oil, leave-in conditioner, end protector, revitalising styling spray and filtered water.

它們包括蘋果醋、兩種洗髮前產品、洗髮精、護髮素、髮絲乳霜、油、免沖洗護髮素、髮梢保護劑、活力造型噴霧和過濾水。

2016，Emma Tarlo，Entanglement: The Secret Lives of Hair，Oneworld Publications, →ISBN:

Then I implemented a lighter protein conditioner – such as hair mayonnaise, which I learned about from my cousin Renee – for the off weeks. I used this hidden gem in combination with olive oil (yes, I bought a kitchen bottle of olive oil – the same kind my grandmother used in every single delicious dish she ever cooked – strictly for use in my hair).

然後，我在休息的幾周里使用了更輕的蛋白質護髮素 - 例如頭髮乳霜，這是我從表妹蕾妮那裡學到的。我將這種藏宝與橄欖油混合使用（是的，我買了一瓶廚房橄欖油 - 和我祖母在她做的每道美味佳餚中都用到的一樣 - 專門用於我的頭髮）。

2010，Rhea E. Santangelo，Grow It Girl! How I Took My Hair from Broken to Beautiful，Lulu.com, →ISBN，頁 26:

Rancey and our coach, Damien Hardwick, still both joke that "Dimma" tried to off-load him for a sixpack of beers and a bucket of chips in his first few years, but I think they both put some mayonnaise on the story these days.

蘭西和我們的教練達米安哈德威克仍然開玩笑說，「迪瑪」在他最初的幾年裡試圖用六罐啤酒和一桶薯片來打發他，但我認為他們現在都在這個故事上加了一些誇大的成分。

2017年March2日，Trent Cotchin，“Alex Rance is one of the most competitive humans that has walked the planet, writes Trent Cotchin”, in Herald Sun，Melbourne，存檔自the original on 2024-06-22:

If he had a reputation among supporters of playing for free kicks he wasn't aware of it and no one from the AFL or coaches spoke to him specifically about changing his style. But he admits, he would "put some mayonnaise" on top of what defenders had done to him to ensure the umpires were aware of what was happening.

如果他在支持者中以踢自由球而聞名，他並沒有意識到這一點，也沒有 AFL 的人或教練專門與他談過改變他的風格。但他承認，他會在防守球員對他的行為上“誇張”一些，以確保裁判知道發生了什麼。

2020年August27日，Peter Ryan，“The (football) world is a stage, and players think umpires should police it”, in The Age，Melbourne:


mayonnaise

Mayonnaise (alternative)
mayonnaises (third-person singular present)
mayonnaising (present participle)
mayonnaised (past participle)

Jones himself presided in the kitchen, mincing truffles, mayonnaising lobster, booting waiters out the door with tray after tray of steaming savories and teeth-numbing sweets, […]

瓊斯親自在廚房主持，切碎松露，用蛋黃醬給龍蝦調味，用一盤又一盤熱氣騰騰的美味佳餚和麻木牙齒的甜點把服務員趕出門，[…]

I thought of mayonnaising her racket handle or substituting it for sunblock, but decided against it.

我曾想過給她的球拍柄塗上蛋黃醬或用防曬霜代替，但最終決定不這麼做。

2009，David Galef，How to Cope With Suburban Stress:


monometallism

单本位制（只使用單一金屬作爲本位貨幣的貨幣制度）。


millennium

源自晚期拉丁語 mīllennium，源自拉丁語 mīllennis (“一千年”) + -ium (“形成抽象名詞”)。


nougat

源自法語 nougat，源自奧克語 nogat，源自noga (“堅果”)，源自拉丁語 nux (“堅果”)。對比西班牙語 nuégado。


millicurie

毫居里 （放射性單位，等於千分之一居里，符號為mCi）


Novosibirsk

源自俄語 Новосиби́рск (Novosibírsk)，源自но́вый (nóvyj，“新”) + Сиби́рь (Sibírʹ，“西伯利亞”)。

:Template:分類 新西伯利亞，俄羅斯城市及州名


maladministration

/ˌmælədˌmɪnɪˈstɹeɪʃn̩/

/ˌmælədˌmɪnəˈstɹeɪʃən/


meaningful

more meaningful (comparative)
most meaningful (superlative)


meaningless

more meaningless (comparative)
most meaningless (superlative)


mural

murals (third-person singular present)
muralling
muraling
muralled
muraled


nozzle

中空容器（如蒸汽机汽缸或蒸汽锅炉）的末端或侧面伸出的短管


nub

(网络俚俗语) 菜鸟，小白，新手。


millisecond

We live our lives in three dimensions for our threescore and ten allotted years. Yet every branch of contemporary science, from statistics to cosmology, alludes to processes that operate on scales outside of human experience: the millisecond and the nanometer, the eon and the light-year.

我们七十年的人生都在三维空间中度过。然而，从统计学到宇宙学，当代科学的每个分支，都涉及着超越人类经验尺度的运作过程：毫秒、纳米、永恒、光年。

2012年January7日，Robert L. Dorit，“Rereading Darwin”, in American Scientist，卷 100, 期 1，存檔自the original on 2012-11-14，頁 23:

The suggestion that pulsars were rotating neutron stars was put forth independently by Thomas Gold and Franco Pacini in 1968, and was soon proven beyond reasonable doubt by the discovery of a pulsar with a very short (33-millisecond) pulse period in the Crab nebula.ᵂ

1968年，托马斯·戈尔德和弗兰科·帕西尼分别独立提出了脉冲星是旋转中子星的观点，这一观点很快通过在蟹状星云中发现一颗脉冲周期非常短（33毫秒）的脉冲星而得到毫无疑问的证实。


meatball

球狀的絞肉或肉團，經過調味和烹飪。

Meatballs may contain ground meat mixed with seasonings, breadcrumbs, mashed potatoes, rice, and liquid. The meat mixture is often shaped, browned. and simmered in a sauce for 30 to 45 minutes over low heat or in a 350° F. oven. During cooking the meat is basted with the sauce occasionally. Meatballs also may be fried in a pan or in deep fat.

I prefer spaghetti with meatballs instead the meat all crumbled in with the sauce.

1996: Mrs. Miracle. Debbie Macomber. Pg. 101.

容易擊打的球（尤指直接扔到壘下的球）

And then. A 98.4 fastball on the inside half of the plate, ring him up, Strike 3, game over. It wasn’t a meatball like Terrence Long watched to finish 2003 ALDS Game 5, but it felt the same.

2020: "Oakland A’s faced all their nightmares in Game 3 and wrote a new ending" by Alex Hall, Athletics Nation

During a pitching deck recovery a pilot must average out the meatball oscillations at the ramp in an attempt to maintain his airplane on the desired glide slope.


muscularity

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-muscularity.wav

The muscularity in his forearm was visible as he flexed his fingers.

当他弯曲手指时，他的前臂肌肉清晰可见。

身体某一部位的肌肉发达程度

Focussed exercise brought out the muscularity in her calves.

集中锻炼让她的小腿肌肉更加发达。

I won’t promote the silencing of dissent through verbal muscularity.

我不会提倡通过言语暴力来压制异议。

2018年October13日，Judith Taylor，“I’m a woman who imitated the swagger of an entitled white male — and it got results”, in The Star:


monstrous

繼承自中古英語 monstrous，來自古法語 monstrueuse、monstrüos，來自拉丁語 mōnstrōsus。對照monstruous。

more monstrous (comparative)
most monstrous (superlative)

醜惡的，醜陋的；駭人聽聞的；極端荒謬的

So bad a death argues a monstrous life.

c. 1596–1599，William Shakespeare，“The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:

a monstrous height

Possibly monster pumpkins may become still more monstrous by the shoots being ringed, and so may other vegetables and fruits where quality is of less importance than mere size.

1901年December20日，“The Ringing of Plants”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record，卷 4, 期 21，頁 663:

He, therefore, that refuses to do good to them whom he is bound to love […] is unnatural and monstrous in his affections.

1650，Jeremy Taylor，The rule and exercises of holy living:

與神話中怪物有關的，似怪物的；充滿怪物的

Where thou, perhaps, under the whelming tide / Visitest the bottom of the monstrous world.

1637，John Milton，“Lycidas”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […]，London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], 出版於 1646, →OCLC:

非常奇怪的，奇妙的，幻想的


mind-blowing

more mind-blowing (comparative)
most mind-blowing (superlative)

給人印象極深刻的，令人難以置信的


malingerer

/məˈlɪŋɡəɹə/

It is telling, in this context of rising rates of mental illness, that New Labour committed itself, early in its third term in government, to removing people from Incapacity Benefit, implying that many, if not most, claimants are malingerers.

2009，Mark Fisher，章號 5, in Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative?，Zero Books, →ISBN，頁 37:


malism

现世邪恶说；認為世界是邪惡的價值觀


numeric

more numeric (comparative)
most numeric (superlative)


mutt

You know, Sonny, you're a fucking mutt.

1990, 《盜亦有道》（電影）


metaphysical

more metaphysical (comparative)
most metaphysical (superlative)


nuptial

借自拉丁語 nūptiālis。

more nuptial (comparative)
most nuptial (superlative)


medical

借自中古法語 medical，源自中世紀拉丁語 medicālis，源自拉丁語 medicus。代替古英語 lǣċe (“醫生”)，其與冰島語 læknir (“醫生”)同源。

more medical (comparative)
most medical (superlative)

medical doctor; medical student

Do you have any medical experience?

你有過醫學方面的經驗嗎？

The US supreme court has ruled unanimously that natural human genes cannot be patented, a decision that scientists and civil rights campaigners said removed a major barrier to patient care and medical innovation.

2013年June21日，Karen McVeigh，“US rules human genes can't be patented”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 2，頁 10:

medical marijuana; medical cannabis; medical treatment

藥用大麻；藥用大麻；醫療

A costly medical condition can bankrupt you if it doesn't kill you first.

假如疾病沒有讓你先死去，那麼昂貴的治療費用會讓你破產。

medical examinaton; medical exemption; medical history; medical record; medical diagnosis

醫學檢查；醫療豁免；病史；病史檔案；醫學診斷

medical ward


medical

You'll have to get a medical before you apply for that job.

你應聘之前，得去做個體檢。

After completing a medical and the requisite paperwork on Tuesday to seal the deal, Di María said: “I am absolutely delighted to be joining Manchester United. I have thoroughly enjoyed my time in Spain and there were a lot of clubs interested in me, but United is the only club that I would have left Real Madrid for.

2014, Jamie Jackson, "Ángel di María says Manchester United were the ‘only club’ after Real", The Guardian, 26 August 2014:

All UK train drivers must undergo a medical every three years up to the age of 54, and annually from then on.

2021年November17日，“Network News: Age-related medical requirements”, in RAIL，期 944，頁 9:


moonlit

來自moon + lit。對照薩特弗里斯蘭語 mouneljoacht (“月光照耀的”)、西弗里斯蘭語 moanneljocht (“月光照耀的”)、荷蘭語 maanverlicht (“月光照耀的”)、丹麥語 månelys (“月光照耀的”)、瑞典語 månljus (“月光照耀的”)。

more moonlit (comparative)
most moonlit (superlative)


nut

nuts (third-person singular present)
nutting (present participle)
nutted (past participle)


moonscape

In the Australian outback, industrial activity — notably open-pit coal mining — has turned verdant areas into moonscapes seemingly overnight, and the suicide rate in the region has skyrocketed.

2007年December20日，Clive Thompson，“Clive Thompson on How the Next Victim of Climate Change Will Be Our Minds”, in Wired Magazine，期 16.01，存檔自the original on 2013-06-30:

Looking across the recently flattened, desolate moonscape of this former 52-acre Great Western depot and industrial area, south of Willesden Junction in west London, it's hard to imagine it will be home to the UK's largest, busiest and best-connected new railway station since Victorian times.

2020年July15日，Marion Gourlay，“Old Oak Common: no ordinary station”, in Rail，頁 48:


mycoplasma

mycoplasmas (plural)
mycoplasmata (plural)


nutshell

流行語，指一個微小的容器像是核果的東西，現代用法在指把複雜的事情用簡單的方式去理解，分解出小撇步來瞭解一個事情。


mop

mops (third-person singular present)
mopping (present participle)
mopped (past participle)


mopishly

more mopishly (comparative)
most mopishly (superlative)

忧郁地，闷闷不乐地，垂头丧气地


nymph

出自拉丁语“nympha”一词。出自希腊语“νύμφη”(númphē)一词。

传说中住在海河或森林的半神、半人的美丽少女。


meed

meeds (third-person singular present)
meeding (present participle)
meeded (past participle)


mega

從詞頭mega-衍生出來的。


man-hour

manhour (alternative)
man-hours (plural)

Ten workers for two days—that's 160 man-hours.

十個工人工作兩天——就是160工時。

Since 1950 our agricultural output per man-hour has actually doubled!

1962 January 11, John F. Kennedy, Second State of the Union Address:


megagon

Find the constant of proportionality for a decagon, kilogon, and megagon.

尋找十邊形、一千邊形、一百萬邊形的比例常數

1999，Mark Dugopolski，College Algebra and Trigonometry，頁 505:

[…] 1000000 sides (a "regular megagon") […]

[…] 一百萬條邊（“正一百萬邊形”） […]

A megagon is close to the perfection of a circle — a kind of generational transmutation.

2007, Arthur Greenberg, From Alchemy to Chemistry in Picture and Story


Mandalay

借自緬甸語 မန္တလေး (manta.le:)。


misdemeanant

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-misdemeanant.wav


mythological

/ˌmɪθəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/


misericord

/ˈmɪzəɹɪkɔː(ɹ)d/

The word misericordia implies an act of mercy but despite its amiable name, it refers to coercing or forcing a spirit to pass through the Gates of Death. In the age of medieval chivalry, knights carried a dagger called the misericorde that was used to strike the coup de grâce upon mortally wounded foes so that they did not have to suffer. The term “misericordia” carries a similar import in necromancy.

2024，Rob Douglas，Nonie Douglas，“Pathways to Resolution” (章號 12), in Unquiet Voices: The Magical Art of Laying Ghosts，Llewellyn Worldwide, →ISBN，頁 223:


miaow

meow的英式英語拼寫法


miaow

miaows (third-person singular present)
miaowing (present participle)
miaowed (past participle)

這種傳統的英式拼寫已被 meow 取代。

meow的英式英語拼寫法


mishear

mishears (third-person singular present)
mishearing (present participle)
misheard (past participle)


Miskolc

:Template:分類 米什科爾茨，匈牙利城市


melancholia

來自晚期拉丁語 melancholia，源自古希臘語醫學術語μελαγχολία (melankholía，“膽汁的黑色”)，來自μέλας (mélas)、μελαν- (melan-，“黑色，黑暗，陰暗”) + χολή (kholḗ，“膽汁”)。


misogyny

miso- + -gyny；來自古希臘語 μισογυνία (misogunía)和μισογύνης (misogúnēs，“厭恨女人的人”)，來自μισέω (miséō，“我厭恨”) + γυνή (gunḗ，“女人”)。

Although she argues against a simplistic conflation of types of prejudice, she suggests that misogyny is typically present in both narcissistic and obsessive forms of anti-Semitic prejudice.
#*:: 儘管她反對將偏見的類型簡單化地混為一談，但她認為厭女症通常存在於自戀和強迫性的反猶太偏見中。

1999, Joanne Marie Greer, David O. Moberg, Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion ISBN 0762304839, p. 29:

His misogyny, like that of his predecessors, is more than prejudice; […]

他的厭女症，就像他的前輩一樣，不僅僅是偏見； […]

1999，Ethel Spector Person，The Sexual Century, →ISBN，頁 84:

This ontological symbiosis also explains his misogyny. By envying Sue, as the man he cannot become, he projects his self-loathing onto her, trying to diminish what he actually admires.

這種本體論的共生關係也解釋了他的厭女症。通過羨慕蘇，作為他不能成為的人，他把他的自我厭惡投射到她身上，試圖削弱他實際欽佩的東西。

2005，Jeff Johnson，William Inge And The Subversion Of Gender, →ISBN，頁 122:

ISBN 0786718234

[…] I have always found it hard that Hamlet, a character that I love and admire, is guilty of a puerile misogyny and, perhaps, more worryingly, of the unnecessary deaths of his old friends from university, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. When I played him, I could find reasons for the misogyny but half-ignored the murders.

[…] 我一直認為，哈姆雷特這個我喜愛和欽佩的人物，犯了愚蠢的厭女症，也許更令人擔憂的是，他大學時的老朋友羅森格蘭茲和吉爾登斯吞的無謂死亡。當我扮演他時，我可以為厭女症找到理由，但對謀殺案卻半點不以為然。

2014年April12日，Simon Russell Beale，“Why Shakespeare always says something new: As the 450th anniversary of Shakespeare's birth approaches, the great Shakespearean actor Simon Russell Beale explains his secrets [print version: The king and I]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review)，London，頁 R7:


misology

派生自古希臘語 μισολογία (misología)。


melancholy

繼承自中古英語 malencolie，來自古法語 melancolie，來自古希臘語 μελαγχολία (melankholía，“atrabiliousness”)，來自μέλας (mélas)、μελαν- (melan-，“黑色，黑暗，陰暗”) + χολή (kholḗ，“膽汁”)。對照拉丁語 ātra bīlis (“黑膽汁”)。形容詞用法是中古英語的創新，可能受到後綴-y、-ly的影響。

melancholly (alternative)
melancholie (alternative)
melancholious (alternative)
melancholies (plural)

Melancholy, cold and dry, thick, black, and sour, […] is a bridle to the other two hot humours, blood and choler, preserving them in the blood, and nourishing the bones.

1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
, Bk.I, New York 2001, p.148:

"The ancients referred melancholy to the mind, the moderns make it matter of digestion—to either case my plan applies," said Lady Mandeville.

1831，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 VI, in Romance and Reality. […]，卷 III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC，頁 111:

As to Ernest... He is quite as nervously broken down as I am but it manifests itself in different ways. His inclination is towards megalomania and mine towards melancholy.

1936 Sept. 15, F. Scott Fitzgerald, letter to Beatrice Dance:


melancholy

melancholly (alternative)
melancholie (alternative)
melancholious (alternative)
more melancholy (comparative)
most melancholy (superlative)

Melancholy people don't talk much.

“[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes[…]. And then, when you see [the senders], you probably find that they are the most melancholy old folk with malignant diseases. […]”

1922，Ben Travers，章號 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest:

And then the band slowed the tempo / And the music gets you down / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah / It was the same old song / With a melancholy sound / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah

1981，Greg Kihn, Steve Wright，“The Breakup Song (They Don't Write 'Em)”, in RocKihnRoll，演出者 The Greg Kihn Band:


spermatozoon

派生自古希臘語 σπέρμα (spérma，“精液”) + ζῷον (zôion，“生物、活物”)。

spermatozoön (alternative)
spermatozoan (alternative)
spermatozoa (plural)

/ˌspɜːmətə(ʊ)ˈzəʊɒn/

But let us suppose [...] that one hardy or lucky spermatozoon has reached the waiting egg.

但是讓我們假設 … 一個強壯或幸運的精子已經到達等待著的卵子。

2019，Bill Bryson，The Body: A Guide for Occupants，Black Swan (2020)，頁 339:


spiritual leader

精神領袖(不一定是宗教領袖)


culture jamming

任何改變傳播媒體(譬如廣告)去帶出不同的信息的方法


Congregational church

由新教徒的獨立眾會所辦的教會


People's Republic of China

中华人民共和国（亦简称作 PRC）


euphoria

借自新拉丁語 euphoria，來自古希臘語 εὐφορίᾱ (euphoríā)，來自εὔφορος (eúphoros，“承重牆的”)，來自εὐ- (eu-，“出色地”) + φέρω (phérō，“承擔”)。

The runner was in (a state of) absolute euphoria after winning his first marathon.

这位跑手在第一次赢得马拉松比赛后，处于绝对的兴奋状态。


sinology

對中華人民共和國政府高層的政治研究


timorous

more timorous (comparative)
most timorous (superlative)

恐惧的，害怕的，胆小的。


protestant

more protestant (comparative)
most protestant (superlative)

a protestant effort

protestant work ethic


shindig

來源不確定；可能變自shindy，或源自蘇格蘭蓋爾語 sìnteag (“跳，躍”)。


shape

shapes (third-person singular present)
shaping (present participle)
shaped (past)
shope (past)
shaped (past participle)
shapen (past participle)


scientific

借自中古法語 scientifique，源自中世紀拉丁語 scientificus (“與科學有關的”)。

more scientific (comparative)
most scientific (superlative)

具有科学方法的性质的，或与科学方法相一致的。

符合现代科学的程序、方法、行为和公认的惯例的。


bioinvasion

生物入侵 (指有害生物離開本土而被傳播到其它地方)


workaround

雖不能根本解決, 但能避開問題的替代方法。

避免問題或困難而旁道而行達到目的。

臨時解決辨法或暫時解決方法：原本是電腦術語, 相對於「Fix」而言. 當一個程式有了問題, 找出問題所在然後直接解決它，叫做「Solution」; 當問題始終無法解決, 於是想個方法忽略這個問題並使這個問題不致於影響你要用這程式達到的目的, 這樣的方法就叫「Workaround」。


Peter

繼承自中古英語 Peter，繼承自古英語 Petrus，源自拉丁語 Petrus，源自古希臘語 Πέτρος (Pétros)，源自 πέτρος (pétros，“磐石”)。Pedro、Piers和Boutros 的同源對似詞。

Papa

字母 P 的無線電明碼字

字母 P 的無線電明碼字


Peter

Pet.

新約聖經中彼得的書信、被認為是聖彼得的著作，包含《彼得前書》和《彼得後書》兩部分

Petersboro

普查規定居民點名，位於美國猶他州卡什縣，以彼得·摩翰命名

源自古希臘語的男性人名。

她不認識彼得，但他時不時出現在約翰和麥可的腦海裡，而溫蒂的腦海裡也開始到處亂寫他的名字。這個名字比其他任何單字都更醒目，達林夫人凝視著它，覺得它有一種奇怪的自大。

1911，J. M. Barrie，章號 I, in Peter Pan，Wordsworth Editions Ltd, 出版於 1993:

男孩的名字真棒！ / 卡羅爾就像一輛滾動的汽車，/ 馬丁就像一隻飛翔的小鳥，/ 亞當就像上帝的第一個詞，/ 雷蒙德就像豐收的月亮，/ 彼得就像風笛手的曲調，

1933，Eleanor Farjeon，“Boys' Names”, in Over the Garden Wall，Faber and Faber，頁 90:

普查規定居民點名，位於美國猶他州卡什縣，以彼得·摩翰命名


We'll cross that bridge when we come to it

(俗语) 船到桥头自然直


been there, done that

為“I have been there and have done that”的省略。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-been there, done that.ogg

been there, done that, bought the T-shirt

斷言說話者對某事/某地有親身經驗、了解，而不想再重複去做

No, I don't wanna go paragliding. Been there, done that. I found it awful.

我才不要去玩滑翔傘。早就玩過了，我不喜歡。

Paragliding? Been there, done that, bought the T-shirt and the video.

滑翔啊？早就玩過了，還買了紀念衫跟錄影。

Huntsman feints at being the Snow White retelling no one has ever seen before, but ultimately becomes the “been there, done that” of fairy-tale filmmaking.

2012年May31日，Tasha Robinson，“Film: Review: Snow White And The Huntsman”, in The A.V. Club:

He looked down at my résumé. “Wow, you interned at The New Yorker. Did you apply there?” ¶ “Nope.” ¶ He looked up. ¶ I gave the line a tug. ¶ “I just felt like, ‘been there, done that,’ you know? Also, I dated a few guys in the office so it would've been awkward.”

2013，Iris Smyles，Iris Has Free Time，Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint, →ISBN，頁 7:


prase

源自拉丁語 prasius，源自古希臘語 πράσιος (prásios，“綠色的”)，源自古希臘語 πράσον (práson，“韭蔥”)。


sentence

:< 中古法語 sentence < 拉丁語 sententia （“观点，见解”） < sentiens——sentīre （“感受”） 的现在分词。 另见 sentient, sense, scent。


sentence

sentences (third-person singular present)
sentencing (present participle)
sentenced (past participle)


google

googles (third-person singular present)
googling (present participle)
googled (past participle)


google

The word "oceanfront" has 6,150,000 googles, so I think it must be a real word.

“oceanfront”這個詞在谷歌上有615萬條結果，我覺得這應該是個實際存在的詞。

10¹⁰⁰，就是1之後100個零


google

Tom googles all of his prospective girlfriends.

"Have fun and keep googling!"

1998年July8日，Larry Page，“Google Search Engine: New Features”, in eGroups，Google Friends Mailing List，存檔自the original on 1999-10-09:

Googling in search of an apology from the former Enron C.E.O. […]

2002年December28日，Bill Keller，“Who's Sorry Now?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, retrieved 2007-06-24，頁 A-19:

使用搜索引擎進行網上搜索

I googled him but there were no references to him on the Internet.

我在網上搜了他，但是沒有結果。

出現在互聯網的搜索結果中

His name googles.

他的名字出現在搜索結果中。


afternoon

來自中古英語 afternone、after-non，等同於after- + noon。

afternoone (alternative)
afternoons (plural)


plaintive

源自中古英語 pleintif, plentyff ← 法語 plaintif (“悲痛的”) ← plainte (“怨，痛”)；參見plaint，plaintiff。

more plaintive (comparative)
most plaintive (superlative)

伤心的，悲哀的，忧郁的。

a typically plaintive song from Radiohead

來自Radiohead的一首典型的傷感歌曲


Shawnee

肖尼族/沙尼族，北美洲印第安人，原居在俄亥俄河谷，被美军战败后分裂成三个部落而分散于奥哈拉何马州。


Huron

休伦人，北美洲印第安人。原居在圣劳伦斯河流域(St. Lawrence River)，因与以壶丐族(Iroquois)恶斗，被驱赶到现今奥哈拉何马州(Oklahoma)。


Oneida

奥奈达族/奥乃达族，北美洲印第安人, 「易洛魁联盟」成员之一。现存族民分散到加拿大、威斯康辛州、纽约州。

纽约州境内的一个湖泊及一条河流的名字。


Cheyenne

夏安族/夏延族，北美洲平原印第安人。

夏安語/夏延語，阿爾岡昆語族語言。

夏延/夏安（怀俄明州首府及最大城市，拉勒米縣縣治，以民族命名）

夏延/夏安（奧克拉荷馬州城鎮，羅傑米爾斯縣縣治）


overeat

overeats (third-person singular present)
overeating (present participle)
overate (past)
overeaten (past participle)

/ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈiːt/


overestimate

overestimates (third-person singular present)
overestimating (present participle)
overestimated (past participle)


obelisk

:< (1569) 中古法語 obelisque < 拉丁語 obeliscus（同义） < 古希臘語 ὀβελίσκος (obeliskos)——ὀβελός (obelos)（“针”）的指小。

短剑号 (†)；疑问记号


obfuscate

obfuscates (third-person singular present)
obfuscating (present participle)
obfuscated (past participle)


operational

more operational (comparative)
most operational (superlative)

/ɔpɜˈɹeɪʃənəl/


objector

"It would be amusing, sir, to shut these various objectors up in a room and let them settle it among themselves."

1926，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，The Land of Mist:


paramecium

來自古希臘語 παραμήκης (paramḗkēs，“橢圓形的”)，來自μῆκος (mêkos，“長的”)。

The sun beats on his eyelids; inside them a paramecium revolves. A blink and it changes pattern like a kaleidoscope.

1983，Robert Drewe，The Bodysurfers，Penguin 2009，頁 144:

Edgar noticed that Clyde was wearing a necktie with a driblet design. The little figures made him think of paramecia, sinister organisms with gullets and feeding grooves.

1997，Don DeLillo，Underworld，2003 edition, →ISBN，頁 560:


offering

offer 的動名詞
提出

offer 的動名詞
提供

offer 的動名詞
奉献物

offer 的動名詞
牲礼

offer 的動名詞
赠品

offer 的動名詞
奉现


paramo

借自西班牙語 páramo。


percolator

She heard the percolator bell ring.

1986，David Leavitt，The Lost Language of Cranes，第paperback版, Penguin，頁 176:


obscurant

大約於 1793-1799 年輸入英語：源自德語 Obskurant 和法語 obscurant, 源自古典拉丁語 obscūrant-，obscūrāns 的詞根， obscūrāre (“模糊；隱藏”) 的現在分詞， 源自 obscūrus (“黑暗的”)。

more obscurant (comparative)
most obscurant (superlative)


obsequies

obsequy 的複數；繼承自中古英語 obsequias、obsequies、obsequyes，源自拉丁語 obsequiae。

牛津辭典偏好唯複用法，可以視作英式英語的用法；而韋伯斯特字典則指出了複數用法的普遍性，並給出了該詞的單數和複數形式。

在現代用法中，不應和 obsequious (“諂媚”) 混淆。

A murmur of astonishment ran through the chapel. It was hushed instantly, for, at a sign from Lord Avonleigh, the coffin was carried into the vault; and again the voice of the priest was the only sound, breathing the last and solemn benediction of the mournful obsequies.

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XIX, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 163:


oftentimes

繼承自中古英語 oftentymes；等價於 oftentime + -s。對照 oftentime。

But because this is oftentimes dangerous, and much hurt hath been received thereby through casualty of fire, I advise the sticking four stakes into the earth, at least five feet above the ground […]

但由於這樣做常常很危險，而且火災造成的傷亡也很大，我建議在離地面至少五英尺的地方插上四根木樁 […]

1804，Robert Wissett，On the Cultivation and Preparation of Hemp:

Pique and linen also accented several coats and oftentimes were both detachable and formed an overcollar covering a collar made from the coat fabric.

凸紋布和亞麻布也是多款外套的特色，而且通常都是可拆卸的，並形成一個外領，覆蓋由外套面料製成的衣領。

1967，Ann Helen Stroup，An Investigation of the Dress of American Children from 1930 Through 1941 with Emphasis on Factors Influencing Change，頁 195:

Over the past decade, the very nature of organized crime has changed, with many groups diversifying their income beyond drug trafficking, and large cartels splintering into smaller, oftentimes more nimble groups.

在過去十年中，有組織犯罪的本質發生了變化，許多犯罪集團的收入來源除了販毒外還變得多元化，大型犯罪集團分裂成規模較小、往往更靈活的團體。

2023年January10日，Whitney Eulich, America Armenta，“Mexico arrests son of ‘El Chapo’: Why don’t citizens feel safer?”, in The Christian Science Monitor:


opisthotonos

源自拉丁語 opisthotonus 及其來源古希臘語 ὀπισθότονος (opisthótonos)，等同於 opistho- + tonus (“肌肉緊張”)。

角弓反張 （自16世纪）

[T]he Actors struggled & bounced, and sprunted as if in Convulsions; like Patients under the Influence of a Disease called in Jamaica the Opisthotonos or dry Gripes […].

演员们挣扎着、弹跳着，像抽搐一样跳跃着；就像患上了一种在牙买加被称为角弓反张或干性肠病的疾病的患者一样 […] 。


plosive

more plosive (comparative)
plosiver (comparative)
most plosive (superlative)
plosivest (superlative)


phony

:可能源自 fawney（“骗子用的镀了金的黄铜环”）(1781) < 爱尔兰语 fáinne（“环”）。

phonier (comparative)
phoniest (superlative)


phony

不诚实的人，冒充的人（或东西），冒牌货


oh

音频（美式）（表达惊讶）

音频（美式）（表达理解）

表示惊讶、恐怖、赞叹、悲叹、痛苦等情绪时所发出的声音。


perfectionist

完美主義者 （自20世紀起）

完善論者；認為今生可以達到宗教上或道德上完美的人 （自17世紀起）

聖經共產主義者，由 J. H. Noyes（1811-1886）創立的一個美國小教派，於 1848 年設立在紐約州奧奈達，認為如果接受福音，就可以確保免於罪惡（自19世紀起）


perfectionist

more perfectionist (comparative)
most perfectionist (superlative)

perfectionistic parents

有關本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:perfectionist。

追求完善論或和完善論相關的


packman

Wildeve was standing with his back to the fireplace smoking a cigar; and the promoter of the raffle, a packman from a distant town, was expatiating upon the value of the fabric as material for a summer dress.

1912，Thomas Hardy，The Return of the Native:

L Beneath love's heavy weight my falt'ring soul Plods, like the packman, o'er life's dusty road.

Magneezhy was in an awful case; if he had been already shot, he could not have looked more clay and corpse-like; so I took up a douce earnest confabulation, while the stramash was drawing to a bloody conclusion, with Mr Harry Molasses, the fourth in the spree, who was standing behind Bloatsheet with a large mahogany box under his arm, something in shape like that of a licensed packman, ganging about from house to house, through the country-side, selling toys and trinkets; or niffering plaited ear-rings, and suchlike, with young lasses, for old silver coins or cracked teaspoons.

1828，David Macbeth Moir，The Life of Mansie Wauch:


overspeed

overspeeds (third-person singular present)
overspeeding (present participle)
oversped
overspeeded


profane

卑賤的, 污穢的, 可鄙的。


perforce

源自中古英語 par force，源自盎格魯-諾曼語，源自古法語 par force (“強迫”)。

"Keep fast thy hold, for by such stairs as these,"
The Master said, panting as one fatigued,
"Must we perforce depart from so much evil."

1882，Henry Wadsworth Longfellow，Inferno, canto 34:

So, bevelling around by Mullett's and the Signal House which they shortly reached, they proceeded perforce in the direction of Amiens street railway terminus

1922 February，James Joyce，“[Episode 16]”, in Ulysses，Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

Accordingly work perforce had to be begun. The first sod was cut at Anley, near Settle, in November, 1869, [...].

1939 July，John D. Hewitt，“Some Notable British Main Lines: 1. Settle and Carlisle, L.M.S.R.”, in Railway Magazine，頁 35:

Adult immigrants must perforce learn some English, and their children are likely to become English monolinguals.

2006，Alejandro Portes, Rubén G. Rumbaut，Immigrant America: A Portrait，第3rd版，頁 239:

The central issue in this case is whether the procedures followed respected the applicants’ family life or constituted an interference with the exercise of the right to respect for family life which could not be justified as necessary in a democratic society. […] It is true that Article 8 contains no explicit procedural requirements, but this is not conclusive of the matter. The relevant considerations to be weighed by a local authority in reaching decisions on children in its care must perforce include the views and interests of the natural parents.

2013年August1日，European Court of Human Rights，A.K. and L. v. Croatia，期 37956/11, marginal 62–63:


perforce

perforces (third-person singular present)
perforcing (present participle)
perforced (past participle)


okapi

借自姆武巴語 okapi。

Congolese giraffe

㺢㹢狓 （自20世紀早期）

forest giraffe

㺢㹢狓 （自20世紀早期）

zebra giraffe

㺢㹢狓 （自20世紀早期）

㺢㹢狓 （自20世紀早期）

[page 498, column 1] [I]n leading them [African Pygmies] back to the forests where they dwelt, I obtained much information from them on the subject of the horse-like animal which they called the "Okapi." […] [page 499, column 1] The coloration of the Okapi is quite extraordinary. […] The hind quarters, hind and fore legs are either snowy white or pale cream color, touched here and there with orange. They are boldly marked, however, with purple-black stripes and splodges, which give that zebra-like appearance to the limbs of the Okapi that caused the first imperfect account of it to indicate the discovery of a new striped horse.

1901 September，Harry [i.e., Henry] H[amilton] Johnston，“The Okapi: The Newly-discovered Beast Living in Central Africa”, in McClure’s Magazine，卷 XVII, 期 5, New York, N.Y., London: S[amuel] S[idney] McClure Co., →OCLC，頁s 498 and 499:

Personally I esteem it a more fascinating and a more important task to investigate the relations of the Okapi with the Giraffe on the one hand, and its fossil relatives on the other.

1902年November18日，C[harles] I[mmanuel] Forsyth Major，“On a Specimen of the Okapi Lately Received at Brussels”, in Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London，卷 I, London: […] [Zoological] Society [of London]; Messrs. Longmans, Green, and Co., […], →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 344:

Dr. [Cuthbert] Christy adds his testimony to that of his predecessors in the same quest as to the "invisibility" of the okapi, whose markings and coloration—pace Colonel Theodore Roosevelt—so break up the surface of its large body and long legs as to cause it to fuse with the dark-brown, russet, while and yellow-white of the twigs and stems and leaf-stalks amongst which it moves. He also points out that the hoofs of the okapi are so closely pressed together that the footprint is almost like that of the single-toed donkey.

1915年August26日，H[enry] H[amilton] Johnston，“Life Habits of the Okapi”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science，卷 95, 期 2391, London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC，頁 714，列 1:

I also took out a licence to shoot small game, costing fifty francs, which can be obtained on the spot, and under which I was able to shoot all kinds of game, excepting elephants, chimpanzis, gorillas and okapis.

1922 May，T[homas] Alexander Barns，“To the Game-haunted Solitudes of Ruchuru and Ruindi Plains”, in The Wonderland of the Eastern Congo: The Region of the Snow-crowned Volcanoes, the Pygmies, the Giant Gorilla and the Okapi，London, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC，頁 99:


okay

We can start as soon as we get the okay.

我們一拿到許可就可以開始。


okay

more okay (comparative)
okayer (comparative)
most okay (superlative)
okayest (superlative)

Do you think it's okay to stay here for the night?

你覺得在這裡過夜可以嗎？

The soup was okay, but the dessert was excellent.

湯還可以，但甜點非常棒。

He's not feeling well now, but he should be okay after some rest.

他現在不太舒服，不過休息一下應該就沒事了。


okay

more okay (comparative)
most okay (superlative)


okay

Okay, I'm thinking of a number...

好吧，我在想一個數字...


perfumer

香水設計師，調香師，香水師


ottoman

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ottoman.wav

This ottoman is set on casters, and is a great convenience for holding articles, while serving also as a seat.

1869，Catherine E. Beecher, Harriet Beecher Stowe，The American Woman’s Home:


perfunctory

more perfunctory (comparative)
most perfunctory (superlative)


Ouagadougou

/ˈwɑːɡəˈduːɡuː/

瓦加杜古，布基納法索首都


profligate

more profligate (comparative)
most profligate (superlative)

/ˈpɹɒflɪɡət/

/ˈpɹɑːflɪɡət/

/ˈpɹɑːflɪɡeɪt/


profligate

/ˈpɹɒflɪɡət/

/ˈpɹɑːflɪɡət/

/ˈpɹɑːflɪɡeɪt/


profligate

profligates (third-person singular present)
profligating (present participle)
profligated (past participle)

/ˈpɹɒflɪɡət/

/ˈpɹɑːflɪɡət/

/ˈpɹɑːflɪɡeɪt/


pagoda

來自葡萄牙語 pagode，經由泰米爾語來自梵語 भगवती (bhagavatī，女神名)或भागवत (bhāgavata)。


progeny

O Progeny of Heaven! Empyreal Thrones!

(Can we date this quote?)，John Milton，Paradise Lost:

Books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a potency of life in them to be as active as that soul was whose progeny they are.

(Can we date this quote?)，John Milton，Areopagitica:

Dante’s progeny among the writers are his true canonizers.

(Can we date this quote?)，Harold Bloom，(請指定書籍名或刊物名):

Issued from the progeny of kings.

(Can we date this quote?)，William Shakespeare，(請指定書籍名或刊物名):


progesterone

/pɹəˈdʒɛstəɹəʊn/

/pɹoʊˈdʒɛstəˌɹoʊn/


preharden

prehardens (third-person singular present)
prehardening (present participle)
prehardened (past participle)


prehardening

preharden 的現在時分詞和動名詞


provisional

/pɹəˈvɪʒənəl/


ply

plies (third-person singular present)
plying (present participle)
plied (past participle)


ply

ply (plural)
plies (plural)
plys (plural)


oceanographer

/ˌoʃəˈnɑɡɹəfəɹ/


oracle

繼承自中古英語 oracle，來自古法語 oracle，來自拉丁語 ōrāculum。


ovoviviparous

/ˌəʊvəʊvɪˈvɪpəɹəs/

/ˌoʊvoʊvɪˈvɪpəɹəs/


pericyte

Since 1873, when Rouget regarded pericytes as contractile elements (Rouget 1874), the discussion concerning this ability has never ceased. Pericytes are likely to respond to vasoactive molecules such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin, angiotensin II, and endothelin-1, because they express respective receptors (Dehouck et al., 1997, Chakravarthy and Gardiner, 1999, Healy and Wilk, 1993).

2007, Martin Krũger, Ingo Bechmann, Pericytes, Thomas E. Lane, Monica Carson, Conni Bergmann, Tony Wyss-Coray (editors), Central Nervous System Diseases and Inflammation, page 39,

However, due to the morphological similarities of rodent retinal capillary endothelial cells and pericytes, markers allowing for the distinction of retinal capillary cells were crucial for quantitative analysis.

2008, Frederick Pfister, Yuxi Feng, Hans-Peter Hammes, Pericyte Loss in the Diabetic Retina, Elia Duh, Diabetic Retinopathy, Humana Press, page 249,

This vessel is assembled by mesonephros-derived endothelial stem cells and subsequently becomes stabilized by pericytes. The pericytes are either produced by the endothelial stem cells or acquired from pericyte progenitors located close by, presumably representing reticular stroma components of the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region known to contain a large number of different stem cell types.

2009, Michail S. Davidoff, Ralf Middendorff, Dieter Müller, Adolf F. Holstein, The Neuroendocrine Leydig Cells and their Stem Cell Progenitors, the Pericytes, Springer, page 106,


Oran

古愛爾蘭語聖名Odrán（odhar (“灰黃的，灰褐的”)的指小）的英語化。

:Template:分類 源自愛爾蘭語的男子名。


prejudiced

prejudice 的過去式和過去分詞


prejudiced

more prejudiced (comparative)
most prejudiced (superlative)


ox

源自中古英語 oxe ← 古英語 oxa ← 原始日耳曼語 *uhsô (對比西弗里斯蘭語 okse, 荷蘭語 os, 德語 Ochse)，源自原始印歐語 *uksḗn。與威爾士語 ych (“公牛”), 吐火羅語A ops, 吐火羅語B okso, 阿維斯陀語 𐬎𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬥 (uxšan，“公牛”), 梵語 उक्षन् (ukṣan)同源。

Here the same four kinds are mentioned ... These are sheep, goats, camels and oxen.

1934, commentary on the Qur'an (Sura 39 verse 6) by Abdullah Yusuf Ali:


oratory

/ˈɒɹət(ə)ɹi/


oligarchy

借自法語 oligarchie，源自晚期拉丁語 oligarchia，源自古希臘語 ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía)，源自ὀλίγος (olígos，“少數”) + ἀρχή (arkhḗ，“統治”)。
By surface analysis, oligo- (“少數”) + -archy (“統治，命令”)。

/ˈɒlɪˌɡɑːki/

/ˈɑːlɪˌɡɑɹki/

/ˈoʊlɪˌɡɑɹki/

meritocracy

由「最優秀的人」統治，特別是世襲貴族

Despite the involvement of all classes of society, America's political duopoly and the importance of money to mass-market campaigning has established an oligarchy that is seldom responsive to the citizenry as a whole, when opposed to the wealthy or major interest groups.

儘管社會各階層都參與其中，但美國的雙頭政治壟斷以及金錢對大眾競選活動的重要性，已經確立了一個寡頭政治，當與富人或主要利益集團對抗時，該寡頭政治很少對全體公民負責。

It's an oligarchy because these families own and run almost everything that makes money in El Salvador. Coffee gave birth to the oligarchy in the late 19th century, and economic growth has revolved around them ever since.

這是一個寡頭政治，因為這些家族擁有並經營著薩爾瓦多幾乎所有賺錢的東西。咖啡在19世紀末催生了寡頭政治，從此經濟成長就圍繞著寡頭政治。

1981年September6日，“The Eclipse of the Oligarchs [寡头的衰落]”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The Itasca Project is just one example of existing oligarchy, and a surprisingly open one at that.

伊塔斯卡計畫只是現存寡頭政治的一個例子，並且是一個令人驚訝的公開的寡頭政治。

2016年January17日，“Wealthy cabals run America [富有的阴谋集团统治美国]”, in Al Jazeera America, retrieved 2016-01-18:

The 1832 Reform Act aimed to transform the British oligarchy and allow Parliament to represent the interests of a broader range of the population.

1832年改革法案旨在改變英國寡頭政治，使議會能夠代表更廣泛民眾的利益。

The modern British oligarchy—particularly during periods of Tory rule—has been called a chumocracy.

現代英國寡頭政治——特別是保守黨執政時期——被稱為密友政治。


palaestra

/pəˈlʌɪstɹə/


pneumoconiosis

借自新拉丁語 pneumoconiōsis，來自古希臘語 πνεῦμα (pneûma，“風，氣息，精神”) + κόνις (kónis，“灰塵”) + -osis。

Zhang Haichao was twenty-eight when he got pneumoconiosis. He was fit and well before he started working at an abrasive-materials factory in Xinmi, not far from Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan, where he comes from. On the job, he inhaled a huge amount of dust every day. In the second half of 2007, he began to cough and felt short of breath.

張志超28歲就得了塵肺病。在新密一家磨料工廠上班之前，他的身體很好很健康，那裡距離他的老家、河南省省會鄭州不遠。工作中他每天都會吸入大量的粉塵。在2007年下半年，他開始咳嗽、感覺呼吸困難，

2012，Hsiao-Hung Pai，Scattered Sand: The Story of China's Rural Migrants [散沙：中國農民工的故事]，Verso Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 86:


prolactin

源自 pro- (源自古希臘語 πρό (pró，“之前”)) + lact- (lacto- 的異體，源自拉丁語 lac (“奶，如”)) + -in (-ine 的異體)。

Men get a dose of the hormone prolactin after orgasm and this acts as a sedative.

男性在性高潮后会分泌一定剂量的催乳素，这种激素具有镇静作用。


palatalization

/ˌpælətəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-palatalization.wav


parasiticide

/ˌpæɹəˈsɪtɪsaɪd/


proletarian

more proletarian (comparative)
most proletarian (superlative)


premedication

The retrospective study revealed that, in the acetaminophen group, the mean value of postmedication body temperature (BT) was significantly higher than that of the premedication BT.

回顾性研究显示，对乙酰氨基酚组用药后体温（BT）平均值明显高于用药前体温。

2015年October3日，“Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Are Better than Acetaminophen on Fever Control at Acute Stage of Fracture”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


oligopoly

原始印歐語詞
 *h₃ligos
源自oligo- (前綴意思是“很少；一些”) + -poly (後綴，意思是“與市場上賣家的數量有關”)，類比monopoly。

/ɒlɪˈɡɒpəli/

/ˌɑləˈɡɑpəli/

Because of the ease of collusion, particularly price fixing, duopolies and oligopolies easily produce outcomes as bad for the general public as outright monopolies.

由於容易發生合謀，尤其是價格操縱，雙頭壟斷和寡占很容易產生與徹底壟斷一樣對公眾有害的後果。

For the sheep are falling into few and powerful hands; and these, if they have not a monopoly, have at least an oligopoly, and can keep up the price.

因為羊群落入了少數有權有勢的人的手中；這些企業即使沒有形成壟斷，至少也是形成寡占，並且能維持價格。

1866年October1日，Frederic Seebohm，“The Oxford Reformers of 1498. Chapter VII.”, in The Fortnightly Review，卷 VI, 期 XXXIV, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, section 3 ([Thomas] More Drawn into Court. His Introduction to the “Utopia” (1516))，頁 489:

[Thomas] More makes an antithesis between monopolium and oligopolium. We have ‘monopoly,’ but not ‘oligopoly’ (the sale by a few), and so cannot preserve the point of the sentence.

[托馬斯] 莫爾將壟斷與寡占進行了對比。我們有‘壟斷’，但沒有‘寡占’（少數人銷售），因此無法保留該句子的要點。

[1895，J[oseph] H[irst] Lupton，“The Fyrste Boke of the Communycacion of Raphaell Hythlodaye Concernynge the Best State of a Commenwealthe”, in Thomas More, 譯者 Ralph Robynson, The Utopia of Sir Thomas More: In Latin from the Edition of March 1518, and in English from the First Edition of Ralph Robynson’s Translation in 1551 […]，Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, footnote 2，頁 55，列 2:

An embarrassing infelicity is the use of Russianised consonants, where for six of the consonants, an additional set is made by supersigns, representing the letter h. […] The specialist offices have it all to themselves; not a 'monopoly’, but an ‘oligopoly’, if we may coin the term.

一個令人尷尬的不恰當之處是俄語化輔音的使用，其中六個輔音由一組額外的上標符號組成，代表字母 h。 […] 專業辦公室擁有自己的一切；不是‘壟斷’，而是‘寡占’，如果我們可以創造這個術語的話。

1907 April，G. Macloskie，“[General Literature.] The Gospel of Matthew in Esperanto.—La Evangelio Sankta Mateo lau Dro. Martin Luther Tradukita en la Lingvon Internacian Esperanto de W. B. Mielck kaj Fr. Stephan, kun Antauparolo de Lic. Dr. Alfred Jeremias Pastro de la Lutheran-preghejo kaj Docento de la Universitato en Leipzig. Leipzig, 1906. J. C. Hinrichs. pp. vii, 66. [book review]”, in The Princeton Theological Review，卷 V, 期 2, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 352:

The major difference between pure and differentiated oligopoly cases is that in pure oligopolies less "shock" is needed to alter the organization of the market.

純粹寡占和差異化寡占之間的主要區別在於，純粹寡占需要較少的「衝擊」來改變市場組織。

1967，John C. Narver，“The Competitive Effects of Conglomerate Mergers”, in Conglomerate Mergers and Market Competition (Publications of the Institute of Business and Economic Research, University of California)，Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California Press, 出版於 1969, →OCLC，頁 126:

Although the power source had shifted from the king's near monopoly into an elite oligopoly, the masses were still afflicted when they sought wood fuel. But through the oligopoly, charcoal fuel proliferated throughout London's trades and industries. By the 1200s, brewers and bakers, tile makers, glassblowers, pottery producers, and a range of other craftsmen all became hour-to-hour consumers of charcoal. This only magnified the indispensable nature of the oligopolists.

雖然權力來源已經從國王的近乎壟斷轉變為精英寡占，但民眾在尋求木質燃料時仍然受到困擾。但由於寡占，木炭燃料在倫敦的整個貿易和工業中迅速普及。到了 13 世紀，釀酒師、麵包師、瓷磚製造商、玻璃吹製工、陶器生產商以及其他一系列工匠都成為了木炭的即時消費者。這只會放大寡頭的不可或缺性。

2006 September，Edwin Black，“Power Struggle”, in Internal Combustion: How Corporations and Governments Addicted the World to Oil and Derailed the Alternatives，New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN，頁 16:

By the late 1930s, however, the major film companies had consolidated their status as vertically-integrated oligopolies that dominated movie production, distribution and exhibition.

然而，到了 20 世紀 30 年代末，主要電影公司已經鞏固了其垂直整合寡占的地位，主宰了電影製作、發行和放映。

2016，Iwan Morgan，“Introduction: Hollywood and the Great Depression”, in Hollywood and the Great Depression: American Film, Politics and Society in the 1930s，Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN:

Not only does the tech oligopoly seamlessly record our preferences, habits, and choices, it also uses that data to guide our future choices, rendering us increasingly useful to the tech companies and useless to ourselves.

科技寡占不僅無縫記錄我們的偏好、習慣和選擇，還利用這些數據來引導我們未來的選擇，使我們對科技公司越來越有用，而對我們自己卻毫無用處。

2022年October28日，Malcolm Harris，“Are We Living Under ‘Technofeudalism’?”, in New York Magazine:


perineum

借自晚期拉丁語 perinaeum，源自古希臘語 περίναιον (perínaion，“肛門和陰囊之間的空間”)，源自古希臘語 περίνεος, περίνεοι (períneos, períneoi，“男性生殖器”)，源自早期古希臘語 περίς (perís，“陰莖”)，源自古希臘語 πηρίς (pērís，“陰囊”)。

He was attacked with complete retention of urine, after a debauch, and six weeks afterwards an abscess formed in the perineum, which eventually burst, leaving a fistulous opening, through which the urine continued to be discharged to the period of his admission into the Hospital.

在一次放蕩之後，他出現完全尿瀦留，六週後會陰部形成膿腫，膿腫最終破裂，留下一個瘻管口，尿液經由該口繼續排出，直到他入院期間。

1827，Guy's Hospital: Case of Fistula in Perineo, Successfully Treated: The Lancet，卷 12，頁 61:

The prostate is surrounded by venous plexi and the perineum has a rich blood supply.

前列腺周圍有靜脈叢，會陰部有豐富的血液供應。

2005，Brian J. Moran，“27: Using the perineal pressure applicator device”, in Basic and Advanced Techniques in Prostate Brachytherapy，頁 251:

The perineum is diamond shaped and stretches from the pubic symphysis to the coccyx.

會陰呈菱形，從恥骨部聯合延伸至尾骨。

2011，Ian Lyons，Biomedical Science: Lecture Notes，頁 371:


premium

保险费，為保險和人壽險契約所支付的金額。


paleness

The cold weather intensified the paleness of the landscape.


prolongate

prolongates (third-person singular present)
prolongating (present participle)
prolongated (past participle)


poach

poaches (third-person singular present)
poaching (present participle)
poached (past participle)


octuple

octuples (third-person singular present)
octupling (present participle)
octupled (past participle)

將…乘以八，將…增加八倍


paleolithic

These laws are absolutely paleolithic.

這些法律絕對都已經老掉牙了。


promiscuous

:< 拉丁語 prōmiscuus （“混合的，不分开的”） < prō （“前”） + misceō （“混合”）。

more promiscuous (comparative)
most promiscuous (superlative)

随意的，恣意的，不加选择的


ode

來自中古法語 ode，來自晚期拉丁語 ōda，來自古希臘語 ᾠδή (ōidḗ，“歌”)。Aoede 的同源對似詞。

[標題]

write an ode to someone


oxyhydroxide

（无机化学）氢氧化合物；水合氧化物


podium

podiums (third-person singular present)
podiuming (present participle)
podiumed (past participle)


oxytocin

源自 oxytocic，源自古希臘語 ὀξύς (oxús，“快速”) + τόκος (tókos，“分娩”，源自 τίκτω (tíktō，“分娩”，動詞))。

Some women describe episodes of intense pleasure akin to orgasm during nursing. It would be interesting to know whether the release of oxytocin during suckling plays a role in this subjective feeling, as it may do in actual orgasm.

有些女性描述自己在哺乳过程中体验过类似性高潮的强烈快感。探究哺乳过程中催产素的释放是否像在实际性高潮中一样，在这种主观感受中发挥作用，将会非常有趣。

1994，Simon LeVay，The Sexual Brain，MIT Press, →ISBN，頁 67:

MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, greatly increases feelings of empathy (and perhaps the actual capacity to perceive the emotions of others); one of the mechanisms (oxytocin release) is now becoming understood, […]

MDMA，俗称摇头丸，能极大地增强同情心（或许还能增强感知他人情绪的实际能力）；其中一种机制（催产素释放）现在正逐渐被人们所理解， […]

2011，Mark A.R. Kleiman et al.，Drugs and Drug Policy，Oxford University Press, →ISBN:

When human beings bond—by hugging, kissing, touching, having sex, eating together, giving massages, or even when singing together or speaking reassuring words—oxytocin brings us “in from the cold,” warming us—quite literally—as it redirects blood flow into hands, feet, chests and cheeks.

当人类通过拥抱、亲吻、抚摸、做爱、一起吃饭、按摩，甚至一起唱歌或说安慰的话来建立联系时，催产素会让我们“从寒冷中走出来”，让我们感到温暖——直接按字面意思理解就好——因为它会将血液流向手、脚、胸部和脸颊。

2012，Giles Slade，“World without oxytocin”, in Big Disconnect，Prometheus Books, →ISBN:


pardon

pardons (third-person singular present)
pardoning (present participle)
pardoned (past participle)


prong

來自中古英語 pronge，可能來自中古低地德語 prange (“棍子，約束裝置”)，來自prangen (“按，捏”)，來自古撒克遜語 *prangan，來自原始西日耳曼語 *prangan，來自原始日耳曼語 *pranganą (“壓”)，來自原始印歐語 *(s)preng- (“包裹，限制”)。
與立陶宛語 spriñgti (“窒息或阻塞”)、拉脫維亞語 sprañgât (“繩索，限制”)、古希臘語 σπαργανόω (sparganóō，“用襁褓包裹”)、σπάργανον (spárganon，“襁褓”)同族。參見prank、prance、prink。

細、尖、突出的部分；尖頭

a pitchfork with four prongs

the two prongs of a river

the second prong of the argument

One look at that lifeguard's prong gave me a throbber like a baseball bat — not quite that big, of course, but at least that hard!

我看了一眼那救生員的硬屌，看起來就像打棒球的棒子——不算很大，但至少很硬！

Hang on... That looks like... No, it can't be. Is that my wang!? Micky Paintbrush, have you painted my papal prong on that nudy man!?

2008, Andy Zaltzman on The Bugle podcast, episode 34, You Will Know Us By Our Knobbly Fruit.


prong

prongs (third-person singular present)
pronging (present participle)
pronged (past participle)


poetry

[ˈpʰoʊ̯.ətˌɹi]


outbuilding

Once they reach the remote farm, Jake insists on giving Lucy a tour of the outbuildings before they go into the house, a tour that includes some lambs that have frozen to death in a barn, and the spot where a pig was eaten alive by maggots.

2020年September1日，Nicholas Barber，“Five stars for I'm Thinking of Ending Things”, in BBC:


poilu

借自法語 poilu (“毛茸茸的；勇敢的”)。plew 的同源對似詞。

第一次世界大戰期間的法國步兵


outdated

more outdated (comparative)
most outdated (superlative)


outdoors

They went outdoors to light up their cigarettes.


outdoors

She loves the outdoors.


orientalize

orientalizes (third-person singular present)
orientalizing (present participle)
orientalized (past participle)


orientate

orientates (third-person singular present)
orientating (present participle)
orientated (past participle)


peritoneal

醫生講話語速快時，患者需要注意，勿聽錯 peritoneal (“腹膜的”)、peroneal (“腓骨的”) 以及 perineal (“會陰的”) 等發音類似的詞彙。

After opening the bladder (incision extending 1 inch pubically from peritoneal fold) the prostate was was injected deeply with 1 per cent. cocain while the pericapsular region was injected with the 1 : 400 novocain solution.

打开膀胱后（切口从腹膜皱襞向耻骨方向延伸1英寸），向前列腺深处注射1%可卡因，同时向囊周围区域注射1：400奴佛卡因溶液。

1914，Transactions of the Section on Genito-Urinary Diseases of the American Medical Association，頁 80:


peritonitis

peritonitides (plural)
peritonites (plural)

Intraperitoneal injections of a strong solution produce fibrohemorrhagic peritonitis of varying intensity, according to the strength of the solution; while intraperitoneal injections of small quantities of a diluted solution of formalin induce a chronic peritonitis with great connective tissue proliferation, and a striking eosinophilia.

腹膜内注射浓溶液，根据溶液的浓度，可引起不同程度的纤维出血性腹膜炎；而腹膜内注射少量稀释的福尔马林溶液，可引起慢性腹膜炎，并伴有大量结缔组织增生，以及明显的嗜酸性粒细胞增多。

1901 December，E. Q. THORNTON M.D.，“PRACTICAL THERAPEUTIC REFERENDUM”, in PROGRESSIVE MEDICINE. A QUARTERLY DIGEST OF ADVANCES DISCOVERIES AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SCIENCES.，卷 IV，頁 363:


odyssey

源自 Odyssey，源自古希臘語 Ὀδυσσεία (Odusseía，“奧德修斯的故事”)。

Many have been sharing cartoons praying for a successful conclusion to the Wild Boar team's odyssey, hoping that it will end in their safe rescue.

2018年July8日，Euan McKirdy, Hilary Whiteman，“Thai cave rescue: Divers enter cave to free boys”, in edition.cnn.com，CNN, retrieved 2018-07-08:


parlance

來自中古英語 *parlaunce，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 parlance、parlaunce，來自parler (“說話”) + -ance。

措辞，特别是谈到工作或兴趣时。

To my childish fancy, it had seemed an imaginary flag-staff, or, in rustic parlance, the "liberty pole" of some former generation […]

We approach the contest, still known in the common parlance of the country, as "the first Pennimite War."

1845，Charles Miner，History of Wyoming, Letter IX:

And without further parlance they fought, […]

1849，Lady Charlotte Guest，The Mabinogion, "Peredur the Son of Evrawc":

The tourist's impression of the country to-day is that of a transported Holland, in which the official language is Dutch and the parlance of the people is "taki-taki."

1909，William Elliot Griffis，The Story of New Netherland, Chapter 22:


outhouse

繼承自中古英語 outhous，等價於 out- + house。對照古諾爾斯語 úthús。

远离主建筑或从主建筑没有直接的入口进入的小型附属建筑

木头隔间的户外厕所（通常粪池上只有一个蹲位），一般为长期建筑

There was a considerable outhouse, which he unlocked and we entered.

1929，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，The Disintegration Machine:

[…] plenty of sand and cement had been found in one of the outhouses

1945年August17日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，章號 6, in Animal Farm […]，London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:


outhouse

outhouses (third-person singular present)
outhousing (present participle)
outhoused (past participle)

In our discussion of outhousing we have tried to take into account the inconvenience to users as well as the potential savings in costs.

1969, Great Britain. National Libraries Committee, Frederick Sydney Dainton, Report of the National Libraries Committee (page 85)

The Information Department is outhoused but there are operational reasons for this and it would, in any case, be physically impossible to house the staff of the Department in the main building.

1975，Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons，Sessional Papers，卷 28，頁 38:


photocopier

Now the chintzy nameplate is all that distinguishes his work space from those of the photocopier repairperson, diet food company, and kitchen designer down the hall.

现在，这块印花布铭牌就是他的工作空间与走廊另一头的复印机维修工、减肥食品公司和厨房设计师的工作空间的唯一区别。

1998年December18日，Peter Margasak，“Punk Planet's New Atmosphere”, in Chicago Reader:


propitiate

propitiates (third-person singular present)
propitiating (present participle)
propitiated (past participle)

/ˌpɹəˈpɪʃieɪt/


poleax

poleaxe的另一種拼寫法


poleax

poleaxes (third-person singular present)
poleaxing (present participle)
poleaxed (past participle)

poleaxe的另一種拼寫法


ornithorhynchus

/ˌɔː(ɹ)nɪθəˈɹɪŋkəs/


quadrangular

more quadrangular (comparative)
most quadrangular (superlative)


palus

派生自拉丁語 pālus。pole、peel和pale 的同源對似詞。

沿著珊瑚的內部隔膜邊緣的垂直支柱


palus

派生自拉丁語 palūs (“沼澤”)。

行星或衛星上的小型平原（和mare相比）


pulmonic

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pulmonic.wav


outpour

outpours (third-person singular present)
outpouring (present participle)
outpoured (past participle)


ptomaine

源自法語 ptomaïne，再源自意大利語 ptomaina，最終來自古希臘語 πτῶμα (ptôma，“屍體”)。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ptomaine.wav

On 6 February 2001 the Yaremche Environmental Health Inspectorate (санітарно-епідеміологічна станція) concluded that the cemetery should not have been constructed on the VL [Vorokhtya Lisokombinat] plot in view of its proximity to residential buildings and the risk of contamination of the surrounding environment by ptomaine.

2014年April9日，European Court of Human Rights，Dzemyuk v. Ukraine，期 42488/02, marginal 10:

"There have been cases of ptomaine poisoning from them, haven't there? Mr. Abbott put on a horrified expression.

1940，Agatha Christie，Sad Cypress: A Poirot Mystery，頁 92:

You remember Leonard Skinner. He got ptomaine poisoning last night after dinner.

1963 , Allan Sherman, ‘’Hello Muddah, Hello Fadduh (A Letter from Camp)

That is the place to find the kinds of shikses Who Will Do Anything! If only a person is willing to risk polio from the pool, gangrene from the footbath, ptomaine from the hot dogs, and elephantiasis from the soap and the towels, he might possibly get laid.

1969，Philip Roth，Portnoy’s Complaint，New York: Vintage, 出版於 1994，頁 165:

Sandwiches arrived from outside, strange granular bread, the butter on it liquid, some sort of beige meat paste that hinted at ptomaine.


orphanage

/ˈɔː(ɹ)fənɪd͡ʒ/


polisher

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-polisher.wav


quadrilingual

Part of the rationale for this quadrilingual language policy is the desire to preserve 'Asian values', viewed as inherent in Asian languages, in the face of 'Western values' associated with globalisation and the use of English.

這種四語語言政策的部分理由是，面對與全球化和英語使用相關的「西方價值觀」，希望保留被視為亞洲語言固有的「亞洲價值觀」。

2019，Li Huang，James Lambert，“Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI，頁 3:

（文字）用四種語言寫成的


politic

more politic (comparative)
most politic (superlative)


parsley

parsleys (third-person singular present)
parsleying (present participle)
parsleyed (past participle)


politically

more politically (comparative)
most politically (superlative)

tackle a matter politically

politically insensitive

a politically-charged speech

Although politically he claims to be a Democrat, his actions are more Republican.

尽管在政治上他自称是民主党人，但他的行动更像共和党人。

Nevertheless intellectually, ideologically and politically he identified with industrialists whom he, just like Smith, saw as the usherers of progress.

然而，从思想、意识形态和政治角度来说，他认同工业家，就像史密斯一样，他视工业家为进步的引领者。

2002，Yanis Varoufakis，Foundations of Economics: A Beginner's Companion，頁 25:


photographer

photograph + -er，來自古希臘語 φωτός (phōtós)，為φῶς (phôs，“光”) + γράφω (gráphō，“寫”)的屬格單數。

/fəˈtɑɡɹəfɚ/

/fəˈtɒɡɹəfə/


onus

:< 拉丁語 onus （“负担”）。


proselyte

proselytes (third-person singular present)
proselyting (present participle)
proselyted (past participle)


proselytize

proselytizes (third-person singular present)
proselytizing (present participle)
proselytized (past participle)


orthodoxy

/ˈɔːθədɒksi/

/ˈɔːɹθədɑːksi/


punctate

源自拉丁語 punctum (“點”)。參見 point 和 punctuate。

more punctate (comparative)
most punctate (superlative)

Head and pronotum densely punctate and predominantly opaque, punctures on upper half of head mostly contiguous and without extensive shiny interspaces […]
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

Keys to the Nearctic species of Pseudomyrmex


participial

借自拉丁語 participiālis，源自 participium (“分詞”)。


puffy

puffier (comparative)
puffiest (superlative)

puffy breath

A puffy fat man in a tracksuit came jogging around the corner.

一個喘著粗氣、穿著運動服的胖男人在一角慢跑。

以誇張的表現和自負的方式說話或寫作的。

There has been much puffy stuff written about whether Lyell's uniformitarianism permitted variations in intensity of causes, or whether he applied his logic in a consistent way, and whether he assumed indefinite stretches of geological time.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society 2011, p. 20:


oof

擬聲詞。和荷蘭語 oef、德語 uff同源。動詞用法源自 roblox 虛擬人偶死掉後發出的聲音。

一種模仿失去空氣的聲音，彷彿某人的太陽穴剛剛被擊中。

Whap, Biff, Ooooof, Sock, Pow, Zok! Batman is back. Gotham City is again leaving its law and order in the hands of a man who wears plastic underpants over his tights.

Whap，Biff，Ooooof，Sock，Pow，Zok！《蝙蝠俠》回來了。 哥譚市再次將其法律和秩序交由一個在緊身衣外穿著塑料內褲的男子掌握。

1989年June5日，The Canberra Times，Australia Captial Territory，頁 10，列 2:

ouch (“對他人的痛苦表示同情、對高價表示震驚等”)之同義詞


oof

因疼痛（如被打了一拳後吐氣）而發出的聲音。

The soldier on the ground clutched his head and then his stomach and gave an "oof" of pain.

地上的士兵捂著頭，然後捂著肚子，發出一聲痛苦的呻吟。

1966，James Workman，The Mad Emperor，Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts，頁 33:


oof

oofs (third-person singular present)
oofing (present participle)
oofed (past participle)


oof

錢 （約 1850 年 – 約 1940 年）

“Oh,” Johnnie was saying, “so Quest is his name, is it, and he lives in a city called Boisingham, does he? Is he an oof bird?” (rich)
“Rather,” answered the Tiger, “if only one can make the dollars run, but he's a nasty mean boy, he is.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

1888, H. Rider Haggard, Colonel Quaritch V.C. (archive.org ebook), page 232:

Burlington Bertie's the latest young jay
He rents a swell flat somewhere Kensington way
He spends the good oof that his pater has made
Along with the Brandy and Soda Brigade.

1900, Harry B. Norris, Burlington Bertie (song)

What's he after? Oof—oof—oof, that's what he's after. He's for his own pocket, he's for being boss of all the woolly West. He's after keeping us poor and making himself rich.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

1911–1912, published 1916, Gilbert Parker, The World For Sale, book 2, chapter 10 (Gutenberg ebook, archive.org ebook):

Chuffy: It's on a knife edge at the moment, Bertie. If he can get planning permission, old Stoker's going to take this heap off my hands in return for vast amounts of oof.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

1991 May 12, "Kidnapped!" Jeeves and Wooster, Series 2, Episode 5:


punitive

more punitive (comparative)
most punitive (superlative)


puke

pukes (third-person singular present)
puking (present participle)
puked (past participle)


perseverant

繼承自中古英語 perseveraunt，源自中古法語 perseverant，源自拉丁語 persevērāns，persevērō 的現在分詞。

more perseverant (comparative)
most perseverant (superlative)

/pəsɪˈvɪəɹənt/


prospectus

借自法語 prospectus，來自拉丁語 prospectus。prospect 的同源對似詞。

prospectuses (plural)
prospectus (plural)


panegyric

/ˌpænəˈd͡ʒɪɹɪk/

/ˌpænəˈd͡ʒaɪɹɪk/


panegyric

more panegyric (comparative)
most panegyric (superlative)

/ˌpænəˈd͡ʒɪɹɪk/

/ˌpænəˈd͡ʒaɪɹɪk/