defenestration

來自新拉丁語 defenestratio，來自dē (“自；外”) + fenestra (“窗戶”) + -atio (表示動作或過程的後綴)；對照中古法語 défenestrer (現代法語 défenestrer)、défenestration、意大利語 defenestrazione、德語 Fenstersturz。動詞defenestrate是後來形成的。

把人拋出窗外 （自西元17世紀）

The "Defenestration" at Prague (A.D. 1618). [...] The imperial Austrian Councillors are thrown out of the window of the castle of Hradschin by the enraged Bohemian Deputies [...]

1905，The Great Events by Famous Historians; a Comprehensive and Readable Account of the World’s History, […]，卷s XI (A.D. 1609–1660), New York, N.Y.: National Alumni, →OCLC，頁s 62–75:

The Third Defenestration of Prague occurred on 10 March 1948. During the closing stages of the communist takeover in Czechoslovakia, Jan Masaryk, the popular foreign minister and son of Tomáš Masaryk, fell – or more likely was pushed – out of a window.

1996，Adrian [G. V.] Hyde-Price，“East Central Europe: A Brief History”, in The International Politics of East Central Europe，Manchester, New York, N.Y.: Manchester University Press, →ISBN, footnote 41，頁 40:

On September 11, 2001 when NYC's Twin Towers were impacted [...] some occupants trapped above the inferno facing certain death instead jumped from windows to their certain death (self defenestration).

2004，Paul Dehn Carleton，“Notes and References”, in Concepts: A ProtoTheist Quest for Science-minded Skeptics of Catholic, and Other Christian, Jewish & Muslim Backgrounds，Pontiac, Mich.: Carleton House, →ISBN, footnote 15，頁 359:

高調地將某人從組織中除名

Be that as it may, his defenestration was coldly abrupt, and in his place, the Football Association resurrected a veteran manager and former England star in Joe Mercer for seven games.

With Rishi Sunak and Sajid Javid gone from the cabinet, it could all be over for Boris Johnson – although quite how long it will take his enemies to finish him off is not at all clear and his defenestration does not look immediate.

2022年July5日，Andrew Sparrow，“As Sunak and Javid quit cabinet, is it all over for Boris Johnson?”, in The Guardian:

將微軟視窗操作系統從計算機中移除，以安裝替代系統的行為

Defenestration might be an option too. May I recommend Linux?

1998年November1日，“Dorian Bliss”，“He’s dead, Jim”, in rec.humor.oracle.d (Usenet), message-ID <363DA726.C27FA5F@spamfree.land>:

It's defenestration day in Redmond today. A clearly stunned Microsoft did what it could to pretend that Judge Jackson's findings of fact were "just one step", as [Bill] Gates put said in the prepared statement that he read at a press conference last night, but it was hopeless.

1999年November6日，Graham Lea，“Stunned MS vows to fight on for freedom: ‘Integrity, partnership, quality … giving’ – (takes out onion)”, in The Register，存檔自the original on 2014-08-19:

No defenestration here. Ask questions about all aspects of Windows programming, get help on Microsoft technologies covered in Apress books, or provide feedback on any Apress Windows book.

2002，John Kilburn，Palm Programming in Basic，Berkeley, Calif.: Apress, →ISBN，頁 392:

What's needed is defenestration – throwing out the Windows mindset along with Microsoft's licenses and software – but that's not as simple as changing a boot CD or even migrating a whole raft of servers. What's involved is fundamental change both in how IT operates and in what it does.

2004年February12日，Paul Murphy，“What does Linux cost?”, in LinuxInsider: Linux News & Information from around the World，存檔自the original on 2016-03-11:

Traditionally, the verb defenestrate means to throw out of a window. But as Australian companies take their first timid steps towards installing non-proprietary software on corporate desktops, defenestration is starting to be linked to the throwing out of Windows software.

2005年December1日，D. Braue，P. Gray，L. Colquhoun，J.-V. Douglas，“Leaders of the pack”, in MIS Asia: Managing Information Strategies，存檔自the original on 2007-10-07:


defer

defers (third-person singular present)
deferring (present participle)
deferred (past participle)


definitely

more definitely (comparative)
most definitely (superlative)

Joe definitely doesn't know how to drive a tractor.

佐伊肯定不知道怎樣開拖拉機。

She said she wasn't coming, definitely.

It was really impossible on board that ship to get away definitely from Almayer

1912, Joseph Conrad, A Personal Record Chapter IV

And the Nose definitely turned away.

1916, Claud Field (translator), Nikolai Gogol, The Nose, (1836)

And these Elders were men of good standing in that community, and they swore definitely before the counsel that this lady committed this impropriety, and there was nobody to gainsay that, except the lady herself, […]

2003, Herbert Mitgang, Once Upon a Time in New York (page 187)


deride

derides (third-person singular present)
deriding (present participle)
derided (past participle)


derisory

more derisory (comparative)
most derisory (superlative)

/dɪˈɹaɪzəɹi/


degas

degases (third-person singular present)
degasses (third-person singular present)
degassing (present participle)
degassed (past participle)


degassing

degas 的現在時分詞和動名詞


degenerative

more degenerative (comparative)
most degenerative (superlative)


derogatory

/dɪˈɹɒɡətɹi/

/dɪˈɹɑɡətɔɹi/


desorb

desorbs (third-person singular present)
desorbing (present participle)
desorbed (past participle)


despairing

/dɪˈspɛəɹ.ɪŋ/


despairing

/dɪˈspɛəɹ.ɪŋ/


despairing

/dɪˈspɛəɹ.ɪŋ/


destroyer

/dəˈstɹɔɪ.ɚ/


details

detail 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


deterioration

源自法語 détérioration；在詞法上為deteriorate + -ion。

/dɪˌtɪəɹɪəˈɹeɪʃən/

/dɪˌtɪəɹɪˈeɪʃən/

The Queen may be celebrating her jubilee but the Queen's English Society, which has railed against the misuse and deterioration of the English language, is to fold.

2012年June4日，Lewis Smith，“Queen’s English Society says enuf is enough, innit?: Society formed 40 years ago to protect language against poor spelling and grammar closes because too few people care”, in The Guardian，London，存檔自the original on 2016-03-10:

"The quantum sensors will provide highly accurate measurements that will help to detect the rate of change of the track and subsequently, any deteriorations which might lead to faults."

2020年November18日，“Network News: Researchers team up on navigation data system”, in Rail，頁 23:


detestable

借自中古法語 détestable。By surface analysis, detest + -able。

more detestable (comparative)
most detestable (superlative)

令人討厭的，可憎的，可惡的


detrimental

來自中世紀拉丁語 *dētrīmentālis，來自拉丁語 dētrīmentum (“損傷”)，來自dēterō (“擦掉，磨損”)，來自dē- (“向下，遠離”) + terō (“擦或抓”)。

more detrimental (comparative)
most detrimental (superlative)

Smoking tobacco can be detrimental to your health.

"The fact is," continued he, "Lady Anne fears that my visits here may prove detrimental to what she considers your best interests. I thought myself an old, safe friend; but, as that cannot be explained to every body, she fears that I may keep off other and more eligible lovers."

1842，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Lady Anne Granard，卷 1，頁s 142-143:


detumescence

消肿, 脱离僵硬、肿胀或性勃起状态


dishouse

dishouses (third-person singular present)
dishousing (present participle)
dishoused (past participle)


devastate

源自拉丁語 dēvastātus，dēvastō 的現在時被動分詞，源自 dē- (增補前綴) + vastō (“毀滅，破壞”)。

devastates (third-person singular present)
devastating (present participle)
devastated (past participle)

嚴重破壞；毀滅，摧毀（實體的事物，或是想法、信仰和強烈的觀點）

The hurricane devastated the small island.

The news of his death devastated his family and friends.

他去世的消息讓他的家人和朋友們極度悲痛。


disinherit

disinherits (third-person singular present)
disinheriting (present participle)
disinherited (past participle)

/ˌdɪsɪnˈhɛɹɪt/


disintegrative

more disintegrative (comparative)
most disintegrative (superlative)


devitalize

devitalizes (third-person singular present)
devitalizing (present participle)
devitalized (past participle)

同類詞：dispirit、kill

近義詞：deanimate

Noncrushing surgical clamps avoid devitalizing the cells of arterial walls.

非挤压性手术钳可避免动脉壁细胞失活。

Economic stress has devitalized some shopping malls in the web era.

网络时代的经济压力使得一些商场失去活力。

Not so long ago a Scotsman is reported to have exhumed the body of his daughter and burnt her heart, as he thought she was devitalising her remaining brother and sister and making them ill.

据报道，不久前，一名苏格兰人挖出了他女儿的尸体并烧毁了她的心脏，因为他认为她正在使她剩下的兄弟姐妹失去活力并使他们生病。

1936，Rollo Ahmed，The Black Art，London: Long，頁 126:


dispersal

For a time, Okeh picked up the disk for national dispersal.

1990，Wayne Jancik，The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders, →ISBN，頁 145:

Plant breeding is always a numbers game.[…]The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, […]. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better. These rarities may be new mutations, or they can be existing ones that are neutral—or are even selected against—in a wild population. A good example is mutations that disrupt seed dispersal, leaving the seeds on the heads long after they are ripe.

2013 May-June，David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan，“Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist，卷 101, 期 3:

Problems of control in dispersals and in other prisons necessarily instigated a multiplicity of working theories to explain the difficulties […]

2012，D. Drake，Prisons, Punishment and the Pursuit of Security:


diabetic

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-diabetic.wav


displeased

more displeased (comparative)
most displeased (superlative)

a displeased customer


displeased

displease 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


diagnose

diagnoses (third-person singular present)
diagnosing (present participle)
diagnosed (past participle)

/ˈdʌɪ.əɡˌnəʊz/

/ˌdʌɪ.əɡˈnəʊz/


dissatisfaction

[dɪsˌsæɾɪsˈfækʃən]


dissatisfy

dissatisfies (third-person singular present)
dissatisfying (present participle)
dissatisfied (past participle)


dissent

dissents (third-person singular present)
dissenting (present participle)
dissented (past participle)


dissent

ethnopolitical dissent

A system that suppresses dissent is fault-intolerant, ignorant and fragile.

2013年June28日，Charles Hugh Smith，Why Centralization Leads to Collapse:


dissimulation

繼承自中古英語 dissimulacioun，來自古法語 dissimulation，來自拉丁語 dissimulātiō；等同於dissimule + -ation。

Perhaps it was best to tell Ethel at once: if ever she went into society at all, she would inevitably hear of it, and her own concealment would have the appearance of a dissimulation,—the furthest from her thoughts.

1837，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Ethel Churchill，卷 2，頁 233:


dissolvent

more dissolvent (comparative)
most dissolvent (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dissolvent.wav

solvent

有溶解力的，具有溶解固體的能力的

有溶解力的，具有溶解固體的能力的

[T]he operator evidently perceives the dissolvent property of the jaggery water, on its being tempered with the prepared mortar.

1834，Rám Ráz，Essay on the Architecture of the Hindús，倫敦: […] [F]or the Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland; by John William Parker, […], →OCLC，頁 64:


dissolvent

For, that the ordure, which continually gathers on the skin, would ſoon ſtop the pores of it, if the ſweat were not furniſht with ſome efficacious diſſolvent to open and pierce them.

因为，如果汗液中没有某种有效的溶剂来打开和穿透毛孔，那么不断聚集在皮肤上的污物很快就会堵塞毛孔。

1669年August26日，“[An Accompt of Some Books.] III. Ottonis Tachenii Hippocrates Chymicus. Venetiis in 12º.”, in Philosophical Transactions: Giving Some Accompt of the Present Undertakings, Studies and Labours of the Ingenious in Many Considerable Parts of the World，卷 IV, 期 50, London: Printed by T. N. for John Martyn […] , printer to the Royal Society, 出版於 1670, →OCLC，頁s 1019–1020:


diamonds

diamond 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


diary

diaries (third-person singular present)
diarying (present participle)
diaried (past participle)


distinguish

distinguishes (third-person singular present)
distinguishing (present participle)
distinguished (past participle)

/dɪsˈtɪŋɡwɪʃ/


distracted

more distracted (comparative)
most distracted (superlative)

Plenty of accidents happened with a look-out present but momentarily distracted.

2021年September22日，Dr Mike Esbester，“Trackside safety: a permanent problem”, in RAIL，期 940，頁 79:


distracted

distract 的過去式和過去分詞


distribute

distributes (third-person singular present)
distributing (present participle)
distributed (past participle)


distributed

distribute 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


diurnal

more diurnal (comparative)
most diurnal (superlative)


divided

divide 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


divided

繼承自中古英語 divided、devided、devidid，中古英語 dividen (“分開，分隔”) 的過去分詞，等價於 divide + -ed。

more divided (comparative)
most divided (superlative)

divided opinions

divided nation

被行車線分隔成相反方向車道的


dividend

股利，一家公司對其公司持有人的利潤分配。


divination

/ˌdɪvɨˈneɪʃən/

The Neo-Platonic Theory of Divination


dictum

借自拉丁語 dictum。dict 的同源對似詞。


didact

派生自古希臘語 διδακτός (didaktós)。


Djakarta

Jakarta (“雅加達”)的另一種拼寫法

KLM, on 12 September 1929, had inaugurated a fortnightly proving service to Djakarta from Amsterdam, a distance of 8540 miles and the longest air route in the world.

1985 John Gunn - The Defeat of Distance: Qantas 1919-1939

Many cities from Shanghai to Djakarta are badly polluted.

2002，Hilde Heynen，Back from Utopia: The Challenge of the Modern Movement:


doable

more doable (comparative)
most doable (superlative)


didymium

來自古希臘語 δίδυμος (dídumos，“雙胞胎”) + -ium。


dodgem

What better way to let off a little steam, than by zipping around on the dodgems, or flying high on the Cosmic Typhoon roller coaster?

還有什麼方式比開著碰碰車四處飛馳，或坐上“宇宙颱風”過山車衝上雲霄更能讓人放鬆發洩呢？

2007年December19日，“Special Offer”, in North Devon Gazette，UK:


difficult

艰难的；困难的；艰苦的；严竣的


doge

源自威尼斯語或意大利語 doge ← 拉丁語 ducem，dux (“領導者；王公”)的賓格形式。


doggo

詞源未知，可能和dog有關。


dogmatise

dogmatises (third-person singular present)
dogmatising (present participle)
dogmatised (past participle)


doodle

:出自德语 dudeln ("吹奏风笛")，或 dudel ("风笛")，出自捷克语/波兰语 dudy ("风笛")。也与 dawdle 一词有联系。
该词在17世纪时第1次出现，意为“傻子”。德语变体包括“Dudeltopf”、“Dudentopf”、“Dudenkopf”、“Dude”和“Dödel”等。美式英语“dude”一词可能也源于“doodle”。
该词“傻子”的含义也见于美国独立战争以前流传于美洲英国殖民军队中的一首名为《美国仔犯糊涂/美国佬爱忽悠》("Yankee Doodle")的歌曲。该词也由此延伸出动词含义“犯傻，欺骗”。大约在19世纪30年代左右，该词衍伸出了“懒惰，浪费时间”之意。也可能是借用了“dawdle”一词的含义。


dormie

领先分数与所剩洞数相等的


dormy

领先分数与所剩洞数相等的


Douala

杜阿拉（喀麥隆最大城市）


doublethink

The stars can be near or distant, according as we need them. Do you suppose our mathematicians are unequal to that? Have you forgotten doublethink?

1949年June8日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，章號 3, in 《一九八四》，倫敦: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC; 再版 [澳大利亞]: 澳大利亞古騰堡計劃, 2001年8月, part 3，頁 242:

Any effort by the United States to halt these creeping advances of Communist imperialism became, by the same mad process of double-think, the only kind of "intervention" there ever could be.

1965年May11日，William S. White，“Doctrine of Nonintervention Comes Cropper In Dominica”, in The Morning Record，Meriden-Wallingford, Connecticut，頁 4:

Or does the hypocrisy and doublethink go beyond a loathing of the human body and an acceptance of violence to a very practical fear that such a club in a predominantly middle-class Caucasian neighborhood will drive down property values?

1992年March5日，Sylvain Fribourg，“The Agony of the Extasy [Letter to the Editor]”, in Los Angeles Times:

The same sort of doublethink is evident in the White House’s treatment of firsthand impeachment witnesses.

2019年December2日，Eric Lutz，“Trump Lawyer Cites No Due Process as Reason to Sit Out Due Process”, in Vanity Fair:


dour

dourer (comparative)
more dour (comparative)
dourest (superlative)
most dour (superlative)


dovetail

鴿子尾巴
榫頭
類似燕尾榫的線
名詞衍生自dove + tail。動詞衍生自名詞。

dovetails (plural)
dove-tail (alternative)
dufftail (alternative)

Beſides this, another fine Starfiſh came to my Hands, […] Its body hath ten corners, and it hath a Star above vvith as many Rays; each of theſe one may compare unto a Sail of the VVindmills that the Children run againſt the VVind vvithal, or to a piece of ſuch Croſſes that are broad before, and narrovv vvhere they meet together; that is to ſay, of the ſhape of a Dove-tail: […]

1694，John Narborough, Jasmen Tasman [i.e., Abel Tasman], John Wood, Frederick Marten [i.e., Friedrich Martens]，“[The Voyage into Spitzbergen and Greenland] Of the Crustaceous Fish that I Observed”, in An Account of Several Late Voyages & Discoveries to the South and North. […]，London: […] Sam[uel] Smith and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, 4th part, section V (Of the Star-fish)，頁s 118–119:

With a warding file cut a dovetail on each of the ends to be joined, as shown by Fig. 1.

1900，“Brazing Keys”, in Cassell’s Cyclopædia of Mechanics […] (First Series)，London, Paris: Cassell and Company, […], →OCLC，頁 311，列 1:

After marking out the pins on the drawer sides, we proceed with the next operation, that is, sawing the dovetails ready for chopping out the waste material.

[1921]，[William Fairham]，“The Dovetail Joint”, in Woodwork Joints: How They are Set Out, How Made and Where Used; […]，Philadelphia, Pa., London: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC，頁 123:

DOVETAIL joints, well known for their strength, have long been used in fine cabinet work. Nowadays they are frequently displaced by other types of joints that are easier to make with power tools, but where a self-locking joint is needed for use without glue, the dovetail is unsurpassed.

1944 April，Edwin M. Love，“Handmade Dovetails”, in The Popular Science Monthly，卷 144, 號 4, New York, N.Y.: Popular Science Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 151，列 1:

I ſhall add other tvvo Forms of Lines, […] The firſt of theſe tvvo is termed Patee, or Dove-Tail, from a Form of Art uſed by Joiners, vvho make Joints one into the other by that Name: […]

1722，Alexander Nisbet，“Of the Points and Parts of the Shield; and Forms of Lines, which Divide the Shield into Several Parts”, in A System of Heraldry Speculative and Practical: […]，Edinburgh: […] J. MackEuen, →OCLC，頁 23:

ASSEMBLEE, [in Heraldry,] a Dovetail or more to hold the tvvo Parts of the Eſcutcheon together, vvhere the Partition Line is, being countercharged, is ſome of the Metal and ſome of the Colour of the Eſcutcheon.

1736，John Harris，“ASSEMBLEE”, in Lexicon Technicum: Or, An Universal English Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: […]，第5th版, 卷 I, London: […] J. Walthoe, […], →OCLC，列 2:


dovetail

dovetails (third-person singular present)
dovetailing (present participle)
dovetailed (past participle)
dove-tail (alternative)

In house-building it is further forbidden [by Sultan Muhammed Shah] to dovetail or make the ends of the timbers (e.g. of the roof) fit accurately together, and also to build two verandahs, one on each side of the house, with their floors on a level with the floor of the main building; if two verandahs are used, the floor of one must be lower than that of the main building (kelek anak).

1900，Walter William Skeat，“Man and His Place in the Universe”, in Malay Magic: Being an Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula，London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, footnote 1，頁 33:

The executive board dovetailed its decision neatly with the prior projects the company had taken up.

Through my new project, I dovetail my interests in botany and programming.

Close contacts are also maintained between the chief operating officers of the railways and the movement and transport officers of the Service departments to dovetail railway transport into the schemes of the fighting forces.

1943 March–April，John R. Hind，“The British Railways at War”, in The Railway Magazine，Sutton, London: IPC Transport Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 95:

I felt that through the combined study of psychology and linguistics I would find out how children learned language, and that I would be able to dovetail this knowledge into my business career in Japan.

1988，Kenji Hakuta，“Why Bilinguals?”, in The Development of Language and Language Researchers: Essays in Honor of Roger Brown，Hillsdale, N.J., Hove, East Sussex: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, →ISBN，頁 299:

將算法或子程序交織，使其能夠同時運作

However, we can construct a single master algorithm M that DPExact learns from unknown distribution D by simply dovetailing the algorithms A. The precise way in which we dovetail the algorithms depends on whether our goal is time or query efficiency.

2002，Nader H. Bshouty, Jeffrey C. Jackson, Christino Tamon，“Exploring Learnability between Exact and PAC”, in Computational Learning Theory: 15th Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory, COLT 2002, Sydney, Australia, July 8–10, 2002: Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNAI); 2375; Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)，Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN，頁 248:

The parts of your essay should dovetail so that it is cohesive and coherent.

The task now facing Mr Crook and his team in the multi-disciplinary programme is sequencing the works going forward, to ensure track, signalling, station works and overhead line installations dovetail together.

2019 October，Philip Sherratt，“Midland Main Line Upgrade Presses On”, in Modern Railways，Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 60:


diphthongize

diphthongizes (third-person singular present)
diphthongizing (present participle)
diphthongized (past participle)

雙元音化；藉由插入或刪除元音使……變成雙元音

同類詞：monophthongize


dupable

more dupable (comparative)
most dupable (superlative)


diplomate

diplomates (third-person singular present)
diplomating (present participle)
diplomated (past participle)


dragonfly

dragon-fly (alternative)
dragonflies (plural)

/ˈdɹæɡənˌflaɪ/

The delicate coloured Dragon Flies may have likewise some Corrosive quality.


dirigible

來自法語 dirigeable，來自ballon dirigeable (“可操控的氣球”)。

/ˈdɪɹɪdʒəbəɫ/

People had time to think up some questions, including reporters who shouted “Are you going to shoot down the balloon?” at President Biden shortly before the dirigible came down.

2023年February4日，Katie Rogers，“Look! Up in the Sky! It’s a … Chinese Spy Balloon?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


dirigible

more dirigible (comparative)
most dirigible (superlative)

/ˈdɪɹɪdʒəbəɫ/


duty

來自中古英語 duete，中古英語 dewe + 中古英語 -te（借自古法語 -te，來自拉丁語 -tātem，-tās的賓格陽性單數）。類似於due + -ty（-ity的另一種寫法）。

We don't have a duty to keep you here.

我們沒有義務把你留在這裡。

I’m on duty from 6 pm to 6 am.

我從下午6點到早上6點值班。

關稅；消費稅

Take that which is thy duty, and goo thy waye.
#*:: 拿你的走吧！

1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Matthew XX:

my duty to you

1599，William Shakespeare，“The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

It [the letter] was written with a plain, unaffected, homely piety that I knew to be genuine, and ended with ‘my duty to my ever darling’—meaning myself.

滿信都是她那質樸的天真和毫不嬌飾的懇切，我深知這都發自她內心；信的結尾語是“問我永遠珍愛的好”——這是說的我。

1849 May – 1850 November，Charles Dickens，The Personal History of David Copperfield，London: Bradbury & Evans, […], 出版於 1850, →OCLC:

發動機的效率，尤用於蒸汽抽水機。以一定數量的燃料所做的功來衡量，通常是指1蒲式耳（舊制94磅）或1公噸（英制112磅，美制100磅）煤能夠提升多少磅水到1英尺高。


disabuse

disabuses (third-person singular present)
disabusing (present participle)
disabused (past participle)


drawing

/ˈdɹɑ.ɪŋ(ɡ)/

/ˈdɹɔɹɪŋ(ɡ)/


drawing

/ˈdɹɑ.ɪŋ(ɡ)/

/ˈdɹɔɹɪŋ(ɡ)/


disaffirm

disaffirms (third-person singular present)
disaffirming (present participle)
disaffirmed (past participle)


disagree

disagrees (third-person singular present)
disagreeing (present participle)
disagreed (past participle)


dysgenic

more dysgenic (comparative)
most dysgenic (superlative)


disburden

disburdens (third-person singular present)
disburdening (present participle)
disburdened (past participle)

vessels disburdening at a dock


drudgery

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-drudgery.wav


dryasdust

无趣而好卖弄学问的演讲人或作家


discountable

more discountable (comparative)
most discountable (superlative)


discreditable

more discreditable (comparative)
most discreditable (superlative)


duckweed

來自duck + weed。據說是因常被鴨子或水禽食用而得名。對照中古英語 dokemete (字面意思是“鴨子食物”)。

But his face was a face of such happiness that, had you seen it, you would have understood indeed how that he had died happy, never knowing that cool and streaming silver for the duckweed in the pond.


duiker

借自南非語 duiker (字面意思是“潛水者”)，源自荷蘭語 duiker，源自中古荷蘭語 dukere。

Next day she rose early, and went out with the gun and killed a duiker on the edge of the Big Tobacco Land (where her father had grown tobacco during his season's phase of believing in it).

1952，Doris Lessing，Martha Quest，Panther, 出版於 1974，頁 65:


dukedom

源自近代中古英語 dukdom、dukedom；等價於 duke + -dom。


disfavor

冷淡，疏远，失宠，不受欢迎


earned

earn 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


easily

easilier (comparative)
more easily (comparative)
easiliest (superlative)
most easily (superlative)


easternize

easternizes (third-person singular present)
easternizing (present participle)
easternized (past participle)

"It would suit me very well," he tells her, "if, at this point, I could easternize your Western eyes, your Western heart."

2007年January14日，Liesl Schillinger，“Siberian Fields”, in New York Times:


exorcise

exorcises (third-person singular present)
exorcising (present participle)
exorcised (past participle)


exorcism

源自古法語 exorciser，源自晚期拉丁語 exorcizō，源自古希臘語 ἐξορκίζω (exorkízō，“赶走恶灵；以誓言约束”)，源自ἐξ (ex) + ὅρκος (hórkos)。


exordium

借自拉丁語 exōrdium。

/ɛɡˈzɔːdɪəm/

/ɛɡˈzɔɹdɪəm/


ecclesiastical

more ecclesiastical (comparative)
most ecclesiastical (superlative)


experiential

more experiential (comparative)
most experiential (superlative)

/ɛkˌspɪəɹiˈɛnʃəl/

/ɪkˌspɪəɹiˈɛnʃəl/

/ɪkˌspɪɹiˈɛnʃəl/


expiatory

more expiatory (comparative)
most expiatory (superlative)


explanatory

more explanatory (comparative)
most explanatory (superlative)


explored

explore 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


expressionless

more expressionless (comparative)
most expressionless (superlative)


endothermic

more endothermic (comparative)
most endothermic (superlative)

/ˌɛndəʊˈθəːmɪk/


ecstatic

more ecstatic (comparative)
most ecstatic (superlative)


enfleurage

/ˌɑ̃.fluˈɹɑʒ/

‘Thereʼs a man in Somerset who claims heʼs invented a method of enfleurage that requires no alcohol.’

2002，Michel Faber，The Crimson Petal and the White，Canongate Books (2010)，頁 652:

The perfumes of plants like jasmine could only be extracted by enfleurage, as other methods of the time would denature the scents.


enforcement

inforcement (alternative)
enforcements (plural)

強制、約束、賦予力量、權威之事物；施加之力。


engineering

/ˌɛn.d͡ʒɪˈnɪə.ɹɪŋ/


engineering

/ˌɛn.d͡ʒɪˈnɪə.ɹɪŋ/

One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. Isolating a city’s effluent and shipping it away in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.

2014年June14日，“It's a gas”, in The Economist，卷 411, 期 8891:

控制物理對象移動、形狀、和/或物質的行為


ennead

來自古希臘語 ἐννεάς (enneás)、ἐννεάδος (enneádos，“九人的身體”) + -ad (指定單位的後綴)；可分析為ennea- + -ad。希臘語詞彙ἐννεάς和ἐννεάδος衍生自ἐννέᾰ (ennéă，“九”) (源頭來自原始印歐語 *h₁néwn̥ (“九”)) + -ᾰ́ς (-ắs，由數字構成抽象名詞的後綴)或-ος (-os)。

The ennead, according to the Pythagoreans, circulates all numbers within itself, and there can be no number beyond it. For the natural progression of numbers is as far as to 9, but after it their retrogression takes place. For 10 becomes as it were again the monad. […] Hence it is not possible there should be any elementary number beyond the ennead.

1816，Proclus，章號 XXXI, in Thomas Taylor（譯者）, The Six Books of Proclus the Platonic Successor, on the Theology of Plato, Translated from the Greek; […] Two Volumes，卷 II, London: Printed for the author, by A[braham] J[ohn] Valpy, […], →OCLC, footnote 1，頁 211:

[T]he ennead is subtracted for this cause, because the three hundred and sixty parts of the entire [circle] consist of enneads, and for this reason the four regions of the world are circumscribed by ninety perfect parts.

1868，Hippolytus, J[ohn] H[enry] MacMahon，章號 XLIII, in The Refutation of All Heresies, […] (Ante-Nicene Christian Library: […]; VI (Hippolytus, Bishop of Rome. Vol. I.))，Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, […]; London: Hamilton & Co.; Dublin: John Robertson & Co., →OCLC, book IV (Of the Refutation of All Heresies)，頁 111:

任何包含九個物體的組合或系統

We may assert with confidence that no cycle of this kind, and of equal antiquity or even of inferior antiquity, is the actual existence better attested or more thoroughly authenticated than that of this octaëteris of Philammon of Delphi, or, as we may truly call it, this original Pythian ennead of primitive Hellas.

1852，Edward Greswell，“On the Lunar in Contradistinction to the Solar Modifications of the Primitive Calendar”, in Fasti Temporis Catholici and Origines Kalendariæ. … In Four Volumes，卷 I, Oxford: At the Oxford University Press, →OCLC, section V (The Octaëteris)，頁s 566–567:

The exquisite language of the prophecy of Isaiah, especially in its last three enneads, may have had a nearer primary reference to, and a nearer fulfilment in, the return of the exiles under Zerubbabel, and Ezra, and Nehemiah; […]

1882，The Church Quarterly Review，卷 XIII, London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, →OCLC，頁 172:

At one time one god was a greater favourite with the nation than another, and the cult of the god or gods which the old Babylonians preferred in the early days of their empire frequently fell into disuse and neglect in after times. The most important ennead among the Babylonians was as follows:— […]

1884，E[rnest] A[lfred] Wallis Budge，“The Babylonian Religion”, in Babylonian Life and History (By-paths of Bible Knowledge; V)，London: Religious Tract Society, […], →OCLC，頁s 127–128:


edging

edge 的現在時分詞和動名詞


edging

構成或標記物體邊緣的東西

The decorative edging around the door makes it easier to find in the dark.

门周围的装饰性边缘使人能在黑暗中更容易找到它。

A means was found, for example, of fitting rubber edging to the doors and still retaining the handle and door lock.

例如，找到一种方法，给门安装上橡胶边缘，同时仍保留把手和门锁。

1951 March，“Reconstruction of London Transport Rolling Stock”, in Railway Magazine，頁 160:

將登山鞋的邊緣放在尖銳支撐點上的技術

給物體（如金屬片）的邊緣打磨、塑形


ennoble

ennobles (third-person singular present)
ennobling (present participle)
ennobled (past participle)


eyebrows

eyebrow 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


educate

educates (third-person singular present)
educating (present participle)
educated (past participle)


enrich

enriches (third-person singular present)
enriching (present participle)
enriched (past participle)


enteritis

enteritides (plural)
enteritises (plural)

腸道（通常是小腸）炎症，可能導致腹瀉。


eidolon

派生自古希臘語 εἴδωλον (eídōlon)。


eigenfrequency

特徵頻率：自然頻率的別名


entomb

entombs (third-person singular present)
entombing (present participle)
entombed (past participle)


eightfold

繼承自中古英語 [具體何詞?]，繼承自古英語 eahtafeald。等價於eight + -fold。


eightieth

繼承自中古英語 eiȝtetithe、eiȝtithe；等價於 eighty + -eth。


entourage

/ˈɒn.tʊ.ɹɑːʒ/

/ˈɑ̃ː.tʊ.ɹɑːʒ/

/ˈɑn.tə.ɹɑʒ/


entrant

Any attempt by an entrant to influence the result or subvert the contest will lead to immediate disqualification.


environmental

That worries the government, which fears that environmental activism could become the foundation for more general political opposition.

2013年August10日，“Can China clean up fast enough?”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8848:


environmental

與硬體運行的物理環境有關的任何因素

The process to enable migration from the vendor-supplied configuration to a new architecture depends on many system environmentals.

2014，Kenneth Barrett, Stephen Norris，Running Mainframe z on Distributed Platforms，頁 136:


environmentalism

The first is that the present work in no sense represents a relapse toward the old environmentalism which believed it could find the causes of culture in environment.

1939，Alfred L. Kroeber，“Objectives”, in Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America，出版於 1963，頁 1:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:environmentalism。

環境保護主義的運動或意識形態

The need for environmentalisms engaged with the commons rather than relegated to the individual consumer or tied to the middle-class principles of private property.

2018，Nicole Seymour，Bad Environmentalism，頁 196:


environmentalist

tree hugger

主要用於澳洲和新西蘭、俚語、經常帶貶義

This tension is familiar in the lives of most environmentalists. Some own cars; some still eat meat.

2016年April5日，Madeleine Somerville，“How I deal with the unbearable hypocrisy of being an environmentalist”, in The Guardian:

The term greenwashing was coined by environmentalist Jay Westerveld in 1986, back when most consumers received their news from television, radio and print media – the same outlets that corporations regularly flooded with a wave of high-priced, slickly-produced commercials and print ads.

2016年August20日，Bruce Watson，“The troubling evolution of corporate greenwashing”, in The Guardian:

A widening of the M4 had long been mooted, and the Welsh Government had even earmarked most of the required £1.6bn funding for a new 14-mile, six-lane section around Newport. Then, in the face of opposition from environmentalists, came a realisation that similar road schemes across the world tend merely to encourage greater car use and therefore soon prove ineffective in solving the original problem.

2020年December2日，Christian Wolmar，“Wales offers us a glimpse of an integrated transport policy”, in Rail，頁 56:

He [King Charles] is a committed environmentalist at a point when the government is full of climate change deniers.

2022年September12日，Zoe Williams，“Why are people getting arrested in Britain for being republicans?”, in The Guardian:

認為個人或群體發展的主要因素是環境而不是遺傳或文化的人

As we remarked once before, there are two extreme views with respect to life, one attributing everything to the environment, the other to inherent abilities. If, for example, an unusual number of distinguished men are born and reared in the same locality, the environmentalists assert that the causes for their appearance were entirely external and that had their parents changed habitats with those residing elsewhere the result would have been the same, except that the family names of these eminent men would have been different.

1926，Clark Wissler，The Relation of Nature to Man in Aboriginal America，出版於 1971，頁s 211–212:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:environmentalist。


environmentalist

more environmentalist (comparative)
most environmentalist (superlative)

The environmentalist explanation would be that tropical environment retards or depresses culture through its physiological effect on the human organism.

1939，Alfred L. Kroeber，Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America，出版於 1963，頁 69:


elastane

此词是通用的形式，而Spandex是商标名。


elders

elder的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


ependymitis

室管膜炎、脑室管膜炎、脑室膜炎


electralloy

常用于无线电底板的非磁性合金


ephemeris

ephemerides (plural)
ephemerises (plural)


Epicurus

源自拉丁語 Epicūrus ← 古希臘語 Ἐπίκουρος (Epíkouros)。

/ˌepɪˈkjʊəɹəs/

伊壁鸠鲁，古希臘哲學家，伊壁鸠鲁学派的创始人。


epidemiologist

In his first book since the 2008 essay collection Natural Acts: A Sidelong View of Science and Nature, David Quammen looks at the natural world from yet another angle: the search for the next human pandemic, what epidemiologists call “the next big one.”

2013年January7日，Katie L. Burke，“Ecological Dependency”, in American Scientist，卷 101, 期 1, United States: Sigma Xi, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 64:


electrolyze

由英國的科學家麥可·法拉第在1834年造出。

electrolyzes (third-person singular present)
electrolyzing (present participle)
electrolyzed (past participle)


electroplating

近義詞：electrodeposition


electrospinograph

探求和测量销髓电讯号的设备．


elegy

通用美式，標準英音，加拿大


elevating

elevate 的現在時分詞和動名詞


emasculated

emasculate 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


emblematic

more emblematic (comparative)
most emblematic (superlative)


embroider

embroiders (third-person singular present)
embroidering (present participle)
embroidered (past participle)


embroidery

/ɪmˈbɹɔɪdəɹi/


epithet

:< 拉丁語 < 古希臘語 ἐπίθετον (epitheton)（“形容词”） —— ἐπίθετος (epithetos)（“形容的，添加的”）的中性形 < ἐπιτιθέναι (epitithenai)（“添加”） < ἐπι- (epi-) + τιθέναι (tithenai)（“放”）（ < 原始印欧语 *dhe- （“放，置，做”））。

（尤用于褒贬人或事物特征或性质的）表述形容词，修饰语


emf

EMF (“電動勢”)的大小寫替代形式


emittance

由能源所幅射的每单位面积功率


equidistance

The men are ranged so as to form three sides of a square, and stand three deep, each prisoner being three yards from his fellow. This equidistance gives them the appearance of chess-men set out on a board.

囚犯们排成一个正方形的三条边，每排三人，每人与另一人相距三码。这种等距让他们看起来像棋盘上的棋子。

1862，Henry Mayhew，John Binny，The Criminal Prisons of London, and Scenes of Prison Life，頁 308:


equine

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 equīnus (“有關馬的”)。

more equine (comparative)
most equine (superlative)


equine

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 equīnus (“有關馬的”)。


equinox

原始印歐語詞
 *nókʷts
繼承自中古英語 equinox、equinoxe、equynox (“一年中晝夜等長的兩個時段之一，二分點；黃道十二宮中的白羊座或天秤座，在這兩個星座中，太陽穿過天體赤道”)，來自古法語 equinoce、equinoxe (現代法語 équinoxe)或來自詞源中世紀拉丁語 ēquinoxium、ēquinoctium，來自拉丁語 aequinoctium (“二分點”)，來自aequus (“同等”) + nox (“夜晚”) (源頭衍生自原始印歐語 *nókʷts (“夜晚”)) + -ium (構成抽象名詞的後綴)。這個拉丁語詞彙，被後來衍生的中古英語和現代英語所採用，取代了古英語 efnniht (現代英語 evennight)。
罕見的另一個複數形式equinoctes將equinox視為一個拉丁語詞彙；拉丁語 nox (“夜晚”)的複數是noctēs。

equinoxes (plural)
equinoctes (plural)
æquinox (alternative)

evennight

分點，二分點，晝夜平分點（春分或秋分）

分點，二分點，晝夜平分點（春分或秋分）

The four grand and ſolemn Bardic days are, of ancient uſage, the tvvo equinoxes, and the tvvo ſolſtices; the nevv and full moons are alſo, ſubordinately, ſolemn Bardic days: […]

1793年September22日，Edward Williams，“Ode on Converting a Sword into a Pruning Hook”, in Poems, Lyric and Pastoral. […]，London: […] J[ohn] Nichols; […], 出版於 1794, →OCLC, footnote *，頁s 160–161:

21. Report the experiments, if conveniently they may, at both the solstices and equinoctes. / 22. Observe accurately the time of the sun’s rising on the top of the hill and below, and note the difference.

1848，Charles Richard Weld，章號 V, in A History of the Royal Society, with Memoirs of the Presidents. […]，卷 I, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], →OCLC，頁 100:

For [Julius] Cæsar says, that on the night of the fourth day after his landing there was a full moon. He had before mentioned that the summer was far spent, and the æquinox not come, hence, the full moon must have been either in July or August.

1854，John Williams，“Pro-consul. b.c. 55.”, in The Life of Julius Cæsar，London, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] Routledge & Co., […], →OCLC，頁 195:

The word equinox is generally taken to refer to the days when, at every point on the earth, day and night are of equal length. But this definition of the equinox is a bit misleading. Since it gets light before the sun rises and remains light after the sun sets, the actual period of darkness at the equinox will be substantially less than twelve hours, the exact amount depending on latitude and how one defines the boundary between twilight and night. […] In practice, one cannot determine the equinox by measuring the length of time between sunrise and sunset.

2005，Clive [L. N.] Ruggles，“Equinoxes”, in Ancient Astronomy: An Encyclopedia of Cosmologies and Myth，Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN，頁 148:

[…] Midsummer’s Day falls near the beginning of summer meteorologically, but was the midpoint of summer in the traditional calendar. Though Midsummer’s Day celebrations are common in the modern Celtic countries, there is no evidence that the ancient Celts celebrated either the solstices or the equinoctes.

2006，John T. Koch，“calendar, Celtic”, in Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia，卷 I, Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, §4 (The Seasons)，頁 332，列 1:

二十四小時中晝夜等長的情況

太陽的視路徑和地球赤道面相交的兩個空間點之一

一種強風，被認為在春分前後頻繁出現，現在知道是一種誤解；春分大風

The Equinox drove the sand into their faces or round their legs, as they dived among the sheep-haunted hollows.

1920年September1日，Rudyard Kipling，“The Satisfaction of a Gentleman”, in The London Magazine，London: Hunt and Clarke, […], →OCLC; republished on the website of The Kipling Society，accessed 7 September 2022，存檔自the original on 2021-12-22:


equitable

more equitable (comparative)
most equitable (superlative)


emptiness

繼承自中古英語 emptynesse，來自古英語 ǣmtiġnes。By surface analysis, empty + -ness。


equivocation

/ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʃən/

/ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʃn̩/


emulsifiable

more emulsifiable (comparative)
most emulsifiable (superlative)


emulsifier

The lecithin in egg yolks is often used as an emulsifier.

蛋黄中的卵磷脂常被用作乳化剂。


emulsify

emulsifies (third-person singular present)
emulsifying (present participle)
emulsified (past participle)


emulsifying

emulsify 的現在時分詞和動名詞


emulsionize

emulsionizes (third-person singular present)
emulsionizing (present participle)
emulsionized (past participle)


enable

enables (third-person singular present)
enabling (present participle)
enabled (past participle)


ergonomics

/əːɡəˈnɒmɪks/

/ˌɝɡəˈnɑmɪks/

Ergonomics is increasingly important in office-product design.

人體工學在辦公室產品設計中日益重要。


erica

I have now arrived at the third year since the ericas were seedlings and cuttings; and, as much can be said in this stage of their growth applicable to future years, it is my intention to do so.

1840，John Claudius Loudon，The Gardener's Magazine and Register of Rural & Domestic Improvement:


ermine

ermines (third-person singular present)
ermining (present participle)
ermined (past participle)


eroticism

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-eroticism.wav


erythromycin

源自Streptomyces erythreus + -o- + -mycin (“來自「鏈黴菌屬」菌株的抗生素”)。

/ɪˌɹɪθ.ɹə(ʊ)ˈmʌɪ.sɪn/

/ɪˌɹɪθ.ɹəˈmaɪ.sn̩/


escalade

escalades (third-person singular present)
escalading (present participle)
escaladed (past participle)


escaped

People are being warned not to approach the escaped prisoner.

人们被警告不要接近这名越狱囚犯。


escaped

escape 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


esdras

圣经经外典的最初二书之一


Yahveh

Yahweh的另一種寫法


yakitori

借自日語 焼き鳥 (yakitori)，來自焼き (yaki，“烤”) + 鳥 (tori)。

/jækɪˈtɔəɹi/

We should have the bazaars full of yakitori pitches and geishas in bamboo cages.

2006，Thomas Pynchon，Against the Day，Vintage, 出版於 2007，頁 851:


Yakutsk

借自俄語 Яку́тск (Jakútsk)。


Yangtze

來自漢語 揚子／扬子和揚子江／扬子江 (Yángzǐ Jiāng)官話發音的不規則羅馬化，原是指揚子津 (Yángzǐjīn)，揚州附近的一個舊渡口，以前是長江下游的名稱，後來被外國遊客用於整個長江。民間詞源認為該名稱意思為「海洋之子」，源自同音誤用的洋子江，據說是利瑪竇所用的，這個名稱在他去世後出版的日記中使該河流在歐洲廣為人知，寫成拉丁語 Iansu、Iansuchian。

That Riuer of Nanquin which I called (Yamſu or) Ianſu, the ſonne of the Sea, goeth Northward to Nanquin, and then returning ſomewhat Southward, runneth into the Sea with great force; fortie myles from which it paſſeth by Nanquin. And that from hence to Pequin there might bee paſſage by Riuers, the Kings of China haue deriued a large Channell from this to another Riuer, called the Yellow Riuer, ſuch being the colour of that troubled water. This is the other famous Riuer of that Kingdome, in greatneſſe and note, which ariſesth without the Kingdome to the Weſt, out of the Hill Cunlun, conjectured to bee the ſame whence Ganges ariſeth, or one neere to it.

流经南京的这条河，我称之为“扬子江”或“洋子江”，“大洋之子”，它向北流经南京，然后稍微转向南，奔流入海：入海口距离南京有四十里远。从这里到北京还有河流可以通行，中国历代国王从这条河开凿了一条大水道，通向另一条河，称为黄河，因为该河水颜色浑浊而得名。这是该国另一条著名的河流，气势磅礴，声名显赫，发源于王国西部的昆仑山，那里据推测是恒河的发源地，或靠近恒河的发源地。

1625，Samuel Purchas，Pvrchas His Pilgrimes，卷 III, London, →OCLC，頁 340:

You will perceive that the British and French commissioners ascend the Yangtze at pleasure, and have the steamers of their respective countries at their disposal. I was compelled, for the want of other conveyance, to come hither in a little British steamer which plies between Shanghai and Hong Kong.

您会发现，英国和法国的专员们可以随意沿长江而上，并可以使用他们各自国家的轮船。由于没有其他交通工具，我不得不乘坐一艘往返于上海和香港之间的英国小轮船来到这里。

1853年December8日，Humphrey Marshall，Documents Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States with Other Countries，期 37, Macao: A.O.P. Nicholson, 出版於 1854, →OCLC，頁s 323–324:

The Bishop of Shanghai desires that the bounds of his jurisdiction shall be more clearly expressed, and that therefore his title shall hereafter be, "The Bishop of Shanghai, having jurisdiction in the lower valley of Yangtze." The jurisdiction will be sufficiently large. The Yangtze River is three thousand miles in length, and the population on its borders numbers one hundred millions. As there are already three Bishops of the Church of England, with a large Missionary force of English Clergy, in that empire, Bishop Boone desires that his jurisdiction be limited to the population on the lower Yangtze, a line of eight hundred miles.

上海主教希望更清楚地表达他的管辖范围，因此他的头衔今后将是“上海主教，管辖长江下游流域”。管辖范围将足够大。长江长三千英里，其两岸的人口达一亿。由于该（清）帝国已有三位英国国教主教，以及一支庞大的英国神职人员传教士队伍，布恩主教希望他的管辖范围仅限于长江下游八百英里的人口。

1887 [1886年October19日]，G. T. Bedell, Thomas H. Vail, B. W. Morris, Geo. F. Seymour, Wm. J. Boone，“Fourteenth Day's Proceedings”, in Journal of the Proceedings of the Bishops, Clergy, and Laity of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America，Chicago，頁 99:

It is not till the Yangtze reaches Sha-shih that its character completely changes. The first note of change is a great embankment, thirty feet high, which protects the region from inundation. Below Sha-shih the vast river becomes mixed up with a network of lakes and rivers, connected by canals, the area of the important Tungting Lake being over 2000 square miles.

直到长江到达沙市，其性质才完全改变。第一个变化是一条三十英尺高的大堤，保护该地区免遭洪水侵袭。在沙市下游，这条宽阔的河流与由运河连接的湖泊和河流网络混合在一起，其中重要的洞庭湖面积超过2000平方英里。

1900，Isabella L. Bird，The Yangtze Valley and Beyond，卷 1，頁s 9-10:

Of the northernmost one of these folds, the writer has some faint recollection of seeing the folded strata. They form the hills to the west of Han-yung and the central ridge across the city of Wu-chang and extends further east; the west-easterly course of the Yang-tze below Yang-lo (lat. 30° 30' N.) is in all probability determined by this E-W fold.

1918，J.S. Lee，The Geology of China，University of Birmingham, →OCLC，頁 320:

Aside from the Turfan depression in Hsin-chiang (Sinkiang) province, the hottest part of China lies in the middle and lower Yangtze Valley. Maximum temperatures of 43°-44°C (110°-112°F) have been recorded in Ch'ang-sha and Nan-ching.

除新疆省吐鲁番盆地外，中国最热的地区位于长江中下游。长沙和南京的最高气温曾达到43°-44°C (110°-112°F) 。

1969，Yi-Fu Tuan，China，Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company，頁 22:

Early in the summer of 1127 the emperor was located near the city of Nan-ching just south of the Yangtze River.

1127年初夏，皇帝位于长江南岸的南京城附近。

1974，John H. Winkelman，The Imperial Library in Southern Sung China, 1127-1279 : A Study of the Organization and Operation of the Scholarly Agencies of the Central Government，頁 12:

The Chinese Communists destroyed natural resources by widening the Yangtze River, and brought natural disasters to the mainland, including the worst floods in Szechwan province and other areas.

中国共产党拓宽长江，破坏了自然资源，给大陆带来了自然灾害，包括四川省和其他地区最严重的洪水。

1982年January3日，“News Stories of Year on Peiping Selected”, in Free China Weekly，卷 XXIII, 期 1, Taipei，頁 3:

The rains swelled the Yangtze River, raising record water levels on July 19 at the Three Gorges Dam, upriver from the city of Wuhan.

降雨导致长江水位上涨，7月19日武汉上游三峡大坝的水位达到历史最高水平。

2020年August10日，“Worst Rains in Decades Cause China Flooding”, in Time，卷 196, 期s 5-6，頁 10:

The building, on the outskirts of Ezhou, a city on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, is hailed as the world’s biggest free-standing pig farm, with a second, identical hog high-rise opening soon.

该建筑位于长江南岸城市鄂州的郊区，被誉为世界上最大的独立式养猪场，而另一座与之相同的养猪大楼也即将开业。

2023年February8日，Daisuke Wakabayashi, Claire Fu，“China’s Bid to Improve Food Production? Giant Towers of Pigs.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2023-02-08:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:Yangtze。


yardang

來自土耳其語 yardang。


yawn

音頻（美式，加利福尼亚）


yawn

音頻（美式，加利福尼亚）


yeasty

yeastier (comparative)
yeastiest (superlative)


Yeltsin

俄语Е́льцин (Jélʹcin)的转写。

鲍里斯·尼古拉耶维奇·叶利钦


Yenisei

借自俄語 Енисе́й (Jeniséj)，源自古吉爾吉斯語 Эне-Сай (Ene-Say，“母親河”)或源自鄂溫克語 Ионэсси (Ionəssi，“大水”)。


yesternight

來自中古英語 yesternyght，yisternight，來自古英語 ġiestranniht (“昨夜”)，等價於yester- + night。

What man was he talk'd with you yesternight
 Out at your window betwixt twelve and one?

昨天晚上在十二点钟到一点钟之间，
在你的窗口跟你谈话的那个男人是谁？

c. 1598，William Shakespeare，“Act IV, Scene 1”, in Much Ado About Nothing:

It is in the power of my hand to do you hurt: but the God of your father spake unto me yesternight, saying, Take thou heed that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad.

我手中原有能力害你，只是你父親的神昨夜對我說：『你要小心，不可與雅各說好說歹。』

1611，King James Version of the Bible, Genesis 31:29:

[…] when the Templar crossed the hall yesternight, he spoke to his Mussulman slaves in the Saracen language, which I well understand, and charged them this morning to watch the journey of the Jew […]

[…] 昨晚聖殿騎士穿過大廳時，跟他的穆斯林奴隸用薩拉森語講了幾句話；我聽得懂這種語言，他是要他們今天早上監視你的行蹤 […]

[…] she has disturbed me, night and day, through eighteen years—incessantly—remorselessly—till yesternight; and yesternight I was tranquil.

[…] 她擾了我日日夜夜，十八年以來——不斷地——毫無憐憫的——一直到昨夜；昨夜我平靜了。

1847，Emily Brontë，章號 29, in Wuthering Heights:

I came here yesternight for a call of nature and to do what none can do for me, when lo! a mouse came out of the water, and squeaked at me and swelled and waxed gross till it was big as a buffalo, and spoke to me words that entered my ears. Then he left me here and went away.

昨晚，我来这里解手，突然一只耗子从水池里钻出来吱吱乱叫，只见牠渐渐变大，变得像水牛那样肥壮，然后说了几句人话，丢下我走了。

1885，Richard F. Burton，章號 XXII, in The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night，卷 I, The Burton Club，頁 228:


yestreen

繼承自中古英語 yestreen，源自 yestereven (“昨夜”)，繼承自 古英語 ġiestranǣfen (“昨夜”)，等價於yester- + e'en (“傍晚；晚上”)。和西弗里斯蘭語 justerjûn (“昨夜”) 同源。

yestereen (alternative)
yestreens (plural)

It was the creature Dougal that extricated me, as he did yestreen […]

You have not forgotten our telephone conversation of yestreen, Jeeves?

1960，P. G. Wodehouse，章號 11, in Jeeves in the Offing:


yew

源自中古英語 ew，源自古英語 īw、ēow，源自原始日耳曼語 *īwaz、*īhwaz（對比冰島語 ýr），*īwō的陽性變體（對比荷蘭語 ijf、德語 Eibe），源自原始印歐語 *h₁eyHweh₂。
也見赫梯語 [需要文字] (eja，“一種常綠樹”)、威爾士語 yw (“紫杉”)、愛爾蘭語 eo [與古英語 īw、ēow同源]；以及拉特加萊語 īva (“稠李”)、立陶宛語 ievà (“稠李”)、俄語 и́ва (íva，“柳樹”)。

紅豆杉屬/紫杉屬（Taxus）的植物

另可指該屬下某些科的植物： 羅漢松科/竹柏科（Podocarpaceae）植物

另可指該屬下某些科的植物： 三尖杉科（Cephalotaxaceae）植物

To prevent a too great consumption of yew, bowyers were directed to make four bows of witch-hazel, ash or elm, to one of yew, and no person under seventeen years of age, unless possessed of moveables worth forty marks, of the son of parents having an estate of ten pounds per annum might shoot in an yew bow, under a penalty of 6s. 8d.

1786，Francis Grose，A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons，頁 37:


yew

A spinoff, “Major Crimes,” starring “Battlestar Galactica” veteran Mary McDonnell and a number of “Closer” cast members, premieres in August. Sedgwick won’t be among them, swapping Brenda’s syrupy “thank yew” for an upbeat “buh-bye now” to her co-workers.

2012年July1日，T.L. Stanley，“No more crimes for her to solve”, in Los Angeles Times:


yield

:< 中古英語 yielden、yelden （“屈从，支付”） < 古英語 ġieldan （“支付”） < 原始日耳曼语 *gildanan （“支付”） < 原始印欧语 *gheldh- （“支付”）。 同源词有：荷蘭語 gelden （“适用，有效”）、德語 gelten （“适用，有效”）、西弗里斯蘭語 jild （“钱”）。

yields (third-person singular present)
yielding (present participle)
yielded (past)
yold (past)
yielded (past participle)
yolden (past participle)

（给大路上的车辆、行人等）让路

（受压）活动，变形，弯曲，折断

出产（作物）；产生（收益、效益等）；提供


yielding

more yielding (comparative)
most yielding (superlative)

柔软的，易弯曲的，易变形的


Yirshing

宜興／宜兴 (Yíxīng)的郵政式拼音。


ymodem

调制解调器的通讯协议之一


yo-yo

原是商標名。最可能源自伊洛卡諾語 yóyo，或另一菲律賓語族同源詞。

同類詞：diabolo、whirligig

I bought a yo-yo from the toy store yesterday.

我昨天在玩具商店買了一個溜溜球。

一種玫瑰形圖案，將一塊圓形布料的外緣部分用平針向內收而形成

It is hard to watch the management for very long and not conclude that the place is run by a bunch of yo-yos.

Now look at them yo-yos, that's the way you do it

1985，Sting & Mark Knopfler （作曲作詞）, “Money for Nothing”, in Brothers in Arms，演出者 Dire Straits:

Henry glanced past him at the few other customers currently in attendance. "Hey! Any of you yo-yos headed up Castle Hill?"


yo-yo

原是商標名。最可能源自伊洛卡諾語 yóyo，或另一菲律賓語族同源詞。

yo-yos (third-person singular present)
yo-yoing (present participle)
yo-yoed (past participle)

The yo-yoing stockmarket whizzed back up by around a quarter and then started to fall again.

1990, The Economist (volume 316, page 93)


yoga

借自梵語 योग (yóga，“結合，聯合”)，來自原始印度-雅利安語 *yáwgas，來自原始印度-伊朗語 *yáwgas，來自原始印歐語 *yéwg-o-s，來自*yewg- (“參加”) (yoke也經由此)。

瑜珈 (alternative)
yogas (plural)
joga (alternative)


yoga

借自查莫羅語 yoga。

A mealybug, Pseudococcus nr. microadonidum Beardsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) has been found feeding on the foliage of E. joga. This mealybug was sometimes found in the domatia of yoga leaves. It has been recorded on coconut, banana, and pandanus from Kiribati, Pohnpei, and Marshall Islands. This insect is a new record on yoga and for Guam.

2002，“Pests of Elaeocarpus joga in Guam”, in Micronesica，卷 34, 期 2，頁 109:


Yokohama

橫濱（首府名，位於日本神奈川）


yolky

yolkier (comparative)
yolkiest (superlative)


yuletide

Yuletide (“聖誕季節”)的大小寫替代形式


yummy

yummier (comparative)
yummiest (superlative)


yummy

The Yummies were the women who, next to the Starlets and Professional Have-It-Alls, Meredith envied most, and therefore half-despised. You could see them at the latte bars, drinking green tea smoothies, hoisting their fat-cheeked offspring from one hip to the other, comparing notes on washable diapers and baby-friendly resorts.


zebrass

雄斑马和雌驴交配成的杂种


zeitgeist

* 来自德语Zeitgeist（time-spirit），相当于tide + ghost


zestful

more zestful (comparative)
most zestful (superlative)


zetetic

派生自古希臘語 ζητητικός (zētētikós)，源自ζητέω (zētéō)。


zloty

派生自波蘭語 złoty。

zloty (plural)
zlotys (plural)
zlote (plural)
zlotych (plural)
zloties (plural)

茲羅提，波蘭的貨幣。1 茲羅提等於 100 格羅茨。


zola

法国自然主义小说家的名字


zoril

南非及小亚细亚产类似臭鼬的动物


Xi'an

源自漢語 西安 (Xī'ān)的漢語拼音。

Chang'an

西安，中國陝西省省會城市。

西安，中國陝西省省會城市。


wahoo

來自克里克語 uhawhu。


wahoo

來自達科他語詞彙，其第一詞素與拉科塔語 waŋ (“箭”)同源。


xmodem

调制解调器的通讯协议之一


Xuchang

借自官話 許昌／许昌 (Xǔchāng)的漢語拼音。

許昌（地級市名，位於中國河南）

The following autumn Rev. Edwins, in company with Rev. Landahl of the Hauge Mission, fared forth on Chinese carts for central Honan, finally arriving, after many dangers and vicissitudes on the way, at Hsüchow (now Hsüchang) on the Peking-Hankow Railroad.

次年秋天，艾德温牧师和海牙传教团的兰达尔牧师一起，乘坐中国马车前往河南中部，一路上历经艰险，终于抵达京汉铁路旁的许州（今许昌）。

[1938 December，Gustav Carlberg，The Story of Our China Mission [我们中国宣教的故事]，Board of Foreign Missions of the Augustana Synod, →OCLC，頁 6:

Chiang habitually failed to take the advice of competent strategists. One especially harmful display of this tendency came in 1948 when, against the advice of his staff and American advisers, he massed more than fifty divisions around Hsuchang to prevent Communist forces from dominating central China. The result was a complete disaster in which 550,000 Nationalist soldiers were lost, an estimated 325,000 as prisoners.

蒋介石经常不听取有能力的战略家的建议。这种倾向的一个特别有害的表现是在1948年，当时，他不顾参谋和美国顾问的建议，在许昌周围集结了50多个师，以阻止共产党军队控制华中地区。结果，国民党士兵损失了55万，估计有32.5万人被俘。

[2007，Brian Taylor，“Chiang Kai-shek and the Loss of China”, in Washington College International Studies Review，卷 IV，頁 72:

The police in the Henan city of Xuchang said on Monday that they were investigating a criminal gang headed by a man named Lu Yi whom they say may have used Henan New Fortune Group to amass control of the rural banks, and used fictitious loans to illegally transfer funds.

河南省许昌市警方周一称，他们正在调查一个以吕奕为首的犯罪团伙，警方称该团伙可能利用河南新财富集团控制村镇银行，并通过虚假贷款非法转移资金。

2022年July11日，Zixu Wang, Austin Ramzy，“Security Forces in China Attack Protesters Seeking Frozen Funds”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2022-07-11, Business:


xor

The argument leads to the conclusion that an omnipotent being could rationally be able to do one xor the other and still be omnipotent.

2002, "Rob Janssen", The rock argument (on Internet newsgroup alt.atheism)


xylidine

二甲苯胺，二甲基苯胺，氨基二甲苯


xian

源自漢語 縣／县 (xiàn)的漢語拼音。

county

縣，中國的地方行政單位。

縣，中國的地方行政單位。


xian

Xian的首字母小寫形。

(有時帶冒犯性或貶義) Xian的另一種寫法: 基督徒


xian

Xian的首字母小寫形。

(有時帶冒犯性或貶義) Xian的另一種寫法: 基督教的

But what an epoch in the xian world—what a time for a xian Orator to make a deep & eternal impression on socity:Template:SIC.

1993，Mary Moody Emerson，The Selected Letters of Mary Moody Emerson，Athens: University of Georgia Press，頁 242:


walrus

:出自丹麦语 hval-ros 或古诺尔斯语 hross-hvalr ("马-鲸")。
北欧古人称其为马鲸鱼。英语中也曾用海马(sea horse)称呼过这种动物。

walruses (plural)
walrus (plural)
walrusses (plural)


warmonger

/ˈwɔː.mʌŋ.ɡə(ɹ)/


wildlifer

强烈呼吁保护野生动植物的人


wartime

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-wartime.wav

But, she says, a wartime ban on recordings using shellac and vinyl kept the Walker version from being released.

然而，她指出，由于战时对虫胶和乙烯基唱片录制材料的禁令，沃克（Walker）的版本最终未能发行。

2002年April29日，Norman Pearlstine，“A Month Of Mondays If that doesn't give you the blues, nothing will. Norman Pearlstine ranks his favorite versions of the classic "Stormy Monday Blues"--one for every doggone working day of the month.”, in CNN Money:

Significant rail projects have been mothballed before in the face of changed circumstances - in particular, the LNER Woodhead project which was postponed due to wartime conditions and not revived until 1948, as money became available after nationalisation.

历史上，重大铁路项目因形势变化而遭搁置的情况并不鲜见——尤其是伦敦及东北铁路公司（LNER）的伍德海德（Woodhead）隧道工程，该项目曾受战时条件影响而延期，直至1948年国有化后资金到位才得以重启。

2020年December2日，Industry Insider，“The costs on cutting carbon”, in Rail，頁 76:


warty

wartier (comparative)
more warty (comparative)
wartiest (superlative)
most warty (superlative)


Warwickshire

沃里克郡，英格蘭內陸郡名。


whippersnapper

/ˈʍɪpəɹˌsnæpəɹ/


whippletree

马车前端用以系曳绳的横木


watercourse

水道：給定的排水盆地中形成的自然河流，該河流流量不完全由鄰近地區的地表排水狀況所決定，水體在有明顯岸堤或明顯低凹的陸地所形成的有良好河床的渠道中流動，有永久或週期性的水源供水，通常（但並不一定）有可辨之水流沿著某個特定的方向流動，並在某個固定處與排入另一個水體。


whithersoever

And a certaine Scribe came, and ſaid vnto him, Maſter, I will follow thee whitherſoeuer thou goeſt.

有一個經文士前來對他說：「老師，無論你到哪裡去，我都要跟從你。」

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 8:19，列 1:

JONES was commanded to leave the Houſe immediately, and told, that his Clothes and every thing elſe ſhould be ſent to him whitherſoever he ſhould order them.

1749，Henry Fielding，“XII. Containing Love Letters, &c.”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史]，卷 II, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VI，頁 305:

[…] whithersoever he turned, the bars and shackles of civilization shut him in and bound him hand and foot.

[…] 他无论走到哪里，文明都束缚着他的手脚。

1876，Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens]，章號 XXXV, in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer，Hartford, Conn.: The American Publishing Company, →OCLC，頁 270:

[T]he flaming pillar slowly twisted and thundered off whithersoever it passes to in the bowels of the great earth, leaving Ayesha standing where it had been.

1887，H. Rider Haggard，She: A History of Adventure:

But again I thought of the emptiness and horror of reality, and boldly prepared to follow whithersoever I might be led.

1926, H.P. Lovecraft, Weird Tales, 8, No.3, 373-80.


wholeheartedly

whole-heartedly (alternative)
more wholeheartedly (comparative)
most wholeheartedly (superlative)

He jumped in wholeheartedly and began to learn the language.

他全心投入，开始学习这门语言。

Fans relished the traditional FA Cup fanfare from the Coldstream Guards and the hymn Abide With Me before throwing themselves wholeheartedly into an experience they have been largely deprived of since the first coronavirus lockdown began in March 2020.

2021年May15日，Phil McNulty，“Chelsea 0-1 Leicester”, in BBC Sport:


waterproof

源自water + -proof。對照西弗里斯蘭語 wetterproef (“waterproof”)，荷蘭語 waterproef (“waterproof”)。

more waterproof (comparative)
most waterproof (superlative)

防水的，不滲水的，不透水的


waterproof

waterproofs (third-person singular present)
waterproofing (present participle)
waterproofed (past participle)


waters

海域；水域（water 的複數）


waters

water的第三人稱單數一般現在時形式。


whoops

whoop 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


waver

wavers (third-person singular present)
wavering (present participle)
wavered (past participle)


wispy

wispier (comparative)
wispiest (superlative)


wb

welcome back (“歡迎回來”)之首字母縮略詞。


wok

來自粵語 鑊／镬 (wok6)。

The 'wok' is an efficient, all-purpose metal cooking vessel used by every housewife in China. It has two handles and is shaped like a shallow cone.

鑊是每個中國主婦都會使用的金屬製廚具，它既高效，同時又具有多種功能。鑊有兩個柄，形狀像一個淺圓錐。

1977，Marguerite Fawdry，Chinese Childhood, →ISBN，頁 86:


wok

來自粵語 鑊／镬 (wok6)。

woks (third-person singular present)
wokking (present participle)
woking (present participle)
wokked (past participle)
woked (past participle)


web

源自中古英語 webbe，源自古英語 webb，源自原始日耳曼語 *wabją，源自原始印歐語 *webʰ- (“編織”)。


wonders

wonder 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


wedgie

恶作剧：把别人的内裤用力往上提，使其夹在股沟中。


woodchuck

源自克里語 ocêk, otchek (“漁夫”)，源自奧吉布瓦語 ojiig (“漁夫”)，或類似的阿爾岡昆語族語言，其後應用在土撥鼠。
早期寫作woodshock，現在有時仍用於指貂。

groundhog

美洲旱獺，北美土撥鼠（Marmota monax）

whistle pig

美洲旱獺，北美土撥鼠（Marmota monax）

land-beaver

美洲旱獺，北美土撥鼠（Marmota monax）

moonack

美洲旱獺，北美土撥鼠（Marmota monax）

美洲旱獺，北美土撥鼠（Marmota monax）


weekly

源自中古英語 wekely、weikly (副詞)，等同於week + -ly。對比荷蘭語 wekelijks、德語 wöchentlich、丹麥語 ugentlig、挪威語 ukentlig、冰島語 vikulega、瑞典語 veckovis。

She visits her mother weekly.


weekly

He's going for his weekly check-up at the hospital.

他每週都要去醫院做檢查。

In summer, we cut the grass on a weekly basis.

夏天的時候，我們每週割一次草。


weka

[…] riroriros would be twittering overhead, with a shy weka peeping round a tree trunk. Wekas were very common then; they were our weather forecasters. Before rain their calls were always louder and repeated more frequently.

1964, Forest and Bird (issues 151-170, page 15)

Thin darned socks, and old old clothes. The greatcoat. A superb weka feather cloak.

1983，Keri Hulme，The Bone People，Penguin, 出版於 1986，頁 374:


wop

借自那不勒斯語 guappo (“夥計；男人”)，借自西班牙語 guapo (“大膽的；英俊的”，問候語)。


wop

wops (third-person singular present)
wopping (present participle)
wopped (past participle)

whop (“擊打”)的另一種寫法


Worcestershire

伍斯特郡，英格兰中部地区郡名。


well-established

根深蒂固的；位置稳固的；广受承认的；得到确立的


wordless

more wordless (comparative)
most wordless (superlative)


well-known

well known (alternative)
wellknown (alternative)
better-known (comparative)
more well-known (comparative)
best-known (superlative)
most well-known (superlative)


well-worn

more well-worn (comparative)
most well-worn (superlative)

The decay of social norms and status quo systems triggering an authoritarian tightening of the screws is a well-worn pattern throughout human history.

2023年August28日，Charles Hugh Smith，Neither Comply Nor Resist:


wen

來自中古英語 wen、wenne，來自古英語 wenn、wænn (“粉瘤”)，來自原始日耳曼語 *wanjaz。與荷蘭語 wen (“甲狀腺腫”)、低地德語 Ween (“粉瘤”)、方言德語 Wenne (“粉瘤”)、丹麥語 van、væne同源。

When I have met an immigrant tottering under a bundle which contained his all--looking like an enormous wen which had grown out of the nape of his neck--I have pitied him, not because that was his all, but because he had all that to carry.

1854, Henry David Thoreau, Walden, Walden:

Creeps, foreigners with tinted, oily skin, wens, sties, cysts, wheezes, bad teeth, limps, staring or—worse—with Strange Faraway Smiles.

1973, Thomas Pynchon, Gravity's Rainbow:

I am debating whether to risk scratching the right side of my jaw, where there is a wen.

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest, Abacus 2013, p. 4:


wen

盧恩字母，後被 w 取代


wen

when的視覺方言拼法。


wen

when的視覺方言拼法。


wen

when的視覺方言拼法。


werewolf

來自中古英語 werwolf，來自古英語 werwulf，來自原始西日耳曼語 *werawulf，來自原始西日耳曼語 *wer (“人”) + *wulf (“狼”)。與wer + wolf或were- + wolf相同意義。與荷蘭語 weerwolf，低地德語 Warwulf，德語 Werwolf，丹麥語 varulv，瑞典語 varulv同源，還可能與芬蘭語 vironsusi有關。
對照法語 garou，在loup-garou，法國方言gairou，varou (“狼人”)，中世紀拉丁語 gerulphus，garulphus (“狼人”) (來自日耳曼語族)。

werwolf (alternative)
were-wolf (alternative)
were wolf (alternative)
wehrwolf (alternative)
warwolf (alternative)
werewolves (plural)

wolfman

一個人在滿月時會變身像狼的人類般的生物，狼人。

lycanthrope

一個人在滿月時會變身像狼的人類般的生物，狼人。

man-wolf

一個人在滿月時會變身像狼的人類般的生物，狼人。

一個人在滿月時會變身像狼的人類般的生物，狼人。


worldwide

more worldwide (comparative)
most worldwide (superlative)


Westminster

源自威斯敏斯特教堂（Westminster Abbey） ← west + minster

英國議會，其辦公地點爲威斯敏斯特宫。

威斯敏斯特，美國馬里蘭州城市。


wetness

繼承自中古英語 wetnes, wetnesse，來自古英語 wǣtnes。By surface analysis, wet + -ness。


whacked

whack 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


whacked

more whacked (comparative)
most whacked (superlative)

After that all-night party, we were all whacked.

那次通宵聚会后，我们都累坏了。

吸毒後進入興奮狀態的，嗑嗨的

Big Dima said he found it 'very much sexiness' knowing we could hear him getting whacked on speed and fucking Svetlana's rather sparse brains out almost every day.

2014，Boris Mihailovic，At the Altar of the Road Gods: Stories of motorcycles and other drugs:


whatnot

etagere (“放古董的架子”)之同義詞


wretchedness

She saw only that he was quiet and unobtrusive, and she liked him for it. He did not disturb the wretchedness of her mind by ill-timed conversation.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

1811, Jane Austen, Sense and Sensibility, chapter 3


wrongdoer

Get and keep wrongdoers out of your thorp (village).


whelm

繼承自中古英語 whelmen。

whelms (third-person singular present)
whelming (present participle)
whelmed (past participle)

whemmel, whemmle, whammel, whummel, whummle


whereabouts

/ˌʍɛəɹəˈbaʊts/

/ˌwɛəɹəˈbaʊts/

/ˈʍɛəɹəˌbaʊts/

/ˈwɛəɹəˌbaʊts/


whether

古英語 hwæþer ← 原始日耳曼語 *hwaþeraz，*hwaz (“誰”)的比較級。與英語either, 德語 weder (“兩者都不”), 瑞典語 var, 冰島語 hvor (“兩者之一”)同源。


vagg

将..当作流浪者加以逮捕


ventilated

ventilate 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


ventilating

ventilate 的現在時分詞和動名詞


valencia

可能源自法语 Valence。

一种西装背心所用的织物，纬线是羊毛，经纱是丝绸或棉花。


validation

確認；驗證 [電子計算機]


verboten

借自德語 verboten (“禁止的，不許的”)。

Before that, students and professors could date whomever we wanted; the next day we were off-limits to one another—verboten, traife, dangerous (and perhaps, therefore, all the more alluring).

在此之前，學生和教授可以和我們想要的任何人約會；第二天，我們彼此都被禁止了——被禁止的，不潔淨的，危險的（也許，因而更有吸引力）。

2015年February27日，Laura Kipnis，“Sexual Paranoia Strikes Academe”, in The Chronicle of Higher Education:

Or was it because he has since been steeped in the relentless positivity of Silicon Valley, where it is verboten to imagine a bad outcome?

還是因為他後來一直沉浸在矽谷無情的積極態度中，在那裡，想像一個壞的結果是被禁止的？

2018年August2日，Kara Swisher，“The Expensive Education of Mark Zuckerberg and Silicon Valley”, in New York Times:


verdant

more verdant (comparative)
most verdant (superlative)


valuable

more valuable (comparative)
most valuable (superlative)


verkrampte

（南非）政治上保守的人。


vermouth

借自法語 vermout、vermouth，來字德語 Wermut (“蒿”)。wormwood 的同源對似詞。

He gazed around until on the lid of a spinet he spotted a promising collection of bottles, gin, whiskey, vermouth and sherry, mixed with violin bows, a flute, a toppling pile of books, six volumes of Grove's Dictionary mingled with paperback thrillers, a guitar without any strings, a pair of binoculars, a meerschaum pipe and a jar half-full of wasps and apricot jam.

1956，Delano Ames，章號 14, in Crime out of Mind:

Vermouth originated in the 18th century, when wine growers in the foothills of the French and Italian Alps developed a method of enhancing the taste of sour or uncompromising wines with the infusion of a variety of sweeteners, spices, herbs, roots, seeds, flowers, and peel.

2014，Ray Foley，Bartending For Dummies，John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN，頁 116:


vancomycin

源自 vanquish + -o- + -mycin (“由链霉菌菌株产生的抗生素”)。

Vancomycin was given intravenously in doses of 0.5 gm. at 6-hour intervals for periods of up to 4 weeks to 9 patients, all of whom had staphylococcal infections.

9名患者均患有葡萄球菌感染，以0.5克的剂量每隔6小时静脉注射万古霉素，疗程最长为4周。

1956，J. Geraci，“Some Laboratory and Clinical Experiences with a New Antibiotic, Vancomycin”, in Proc. Staff, Meetings Mayo Clinic，卷 31, 期 21，頁 564:


vandalism

借自法語 vandalisme，等同於vandal + -ism。最早由亨利·格雷瓜尔用來譴責法國大革命期間對藝術品的掠奪與破壞，指的是455年洗劫羅馬的汪达尔人。

As we turned down the street I was appalled by the vandalism: spray paint and smashed windows that were everywhere.

Bradford once boasted two stations with overall roofs. The pair were swept away in the 1970s in an act of corporate and civic vandalism.

2022年November2日，Paul Bigland，“New trains, old trains, and splendid scenery”, in RAIL，期 969，頁 57:


versify

versifies (third-person singular present)
versifying (present participle)
versified (past participle)


verst

借自俄語 верста́ (verstá)，部分經由德語 Werst、法語 verste。

versta (alternative)
verste (alternative)
werst (alternative)
versts (plural)

|The hill Pulkowa, twelve miles (seventeen wersts) south of Admiralty Palace in St. Petersburg, […]

1849, "The Observatory at Pulkowa" The North American Review Volume 0069 Issue 144 (July 1849):

‘Is it much further, Michael?’ she asked the clerk, to dispel the thoughts that frightened her. ‘They say it's seven versts from this village.’

1918，Aylmer and Louise Maude，譯者 Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina，Oxford, 出版於 1998，頁 604:

You have to tramp three or four versts to get to the exhibition of war loot, past Fabergé eggs and the Impressionists.


varicosity

曲張體：突觸接近末端時，連續膨大、類似靜脈曲張的部分。


vaseline

由美國的化學家Robert Augustus Chesebrough在1872造出，來自德語 Wasser (“水”) + 古希臘語 ἔλαιον (élaion，“油”) + -ine。

Hearts of putty, hearts of vaseline...

任何特殊種類的凡士林或任何類似的潤滑劑

A Russian vaseline has been lately added to the many kinds of vaseline found in […]

1882，Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry:


vaseline

vaselines (third-person singular present)
vaselining (present participle)
vaselined (past participle)

Even at this late date, vaselining will preserve the best of these leathers.


vibration

借自法語 vibration，源自拉丁語 vibrātiō (“搖動；揮動”)，源自 vibrō (“搖動；揮動”)；參見 vibrate。
字面上等同於 vibrate + -ion。


vaticinate

源自拉丁語 vāticinātus，vāticinor (“預言，預示”) 的完成時被動分詞。

vaticinates (third-person singular present)
vaticinating (present participle)
vaticinated (past participle)

With a slow step, and tears in her eyes, Mrs. Glentworth, vaticinating trouble of some kind, proceeded to cut the string and break the seal of her pacquet.

1842，[anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon]，章號 LI, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […]，卷 III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC，頁 27:


vice president

vice-president (alternative)
vice presidents (plural)

第二順位的職務總稱，例如：副總裁、副校長


vegetal

借自晚期拉丁語 vegetālis，來自vegetō。

more vegetal (comparative)
most vegetal (superlative)

/ˈvɛdʒɪ̈tl̩/


video

:< 拉丁语 videō（看见）。


video

:< 拉丁语 videō（看见）。

videoes (third-person singular present)
videoing (present participle)
videoed (past participle)


vehicular

vehicular homicide

Ernest had a fear of vehicular travel, and ended up walking everywhere.

歐內斯特害怕乘車出行，所以到處都是步行。

兩個沒有共同母語和共同文化的群體之間使用的；作為媒介的

vehicular language

English is used as a vehicular language in many business settings.

英語在許多商業場合被用作媒介語言。

Latin was a vehicular language for natural philosophers and others from the late Renaissance to the late 18th century.

從文藝復興晚期到 18 世紀晚期，拉丁語是自然哲學家和其他人的媒介語言。


Vienna

:Template:分類 維也納，奧地利首都

:Template:分類 美國多地地名，包括：
弗吉尼亞州城鎮。

:Template:分類 美國多地地名，包括：
西弗吉尼亞州城市。

:Template:分類 美國多地地名，包括：
紐約州城鎮。

:Template:分類 美國多地地名，包括：
佐治亞州城市。

:Template:分類 美國多地地名，包括：
伊利諾伊州城市。

:Template:分類 美國多地地名，包括：
威斯康辛州城鎮。

:Template:分類 美國多地地名，包括：
緬因州城鎮。

:Template:分類 美國多地地名，包括：
密蘇里州城市。

:Template:分類 美國多地地名，包括：
路易斯安那州城鎮。

:Template:分類 美國多地地名，包括：
馬里蘭州城鎮。

:Template:分類 美國多地地名，包括：
南達科塔州城鎮。


viewport

acrylic plastic viewports in pressure vessels for human occupancy

Dragging the scroll-bar changes which part of the picture is visible within the viewport.

拖动滚动条可以改变视口内图片的可见部分。


viewport

viewports (third-person singular present)
viewporting (present participle)
viewported (past participle)

調整（圖像或區域）以與視角適配

Some general ideas on clipping, viewporting, and windowing can be found in Rogers and Adams.

Viewporting is an operation that takes the portion of the picture that has been mapped into the square region delimited by -1,+1,-1,+1 and further maps it into a rectangular subregion of the screen (a viewport).

1980，MTS, the Michigan Terminal System，卷 17，頁 42:

The main thing I want you to take away from this chapter is knowing where to start and creating a very simple viewported web site using nothing more than an extra <meta> tag and simple HTML.

2012，Scott Preston，Learn HTML5 and JavaScript for iOS:


vigil

源自中古英語 vigile (“虔誠的注視”)，源自古法語 vigile，源自拉丁語 vigilia (“守望；覺醒”)，源自vigil (“醒著的，清醒的”)，源自原始印歐語 *weǵ- (“強壯；活潑，清醒”)。參見來自相同詞根的 wake。
與 vigor 有關，關係更遠的還有 vis、vital，它們均源自相似的原始印歐語詞根，意為“活潑的，有生機的；能量，生命”，經由拉丁語借入。

守夜，值夜（尤指守望或禱告）

I saw her head drooped upon her hand; her whole attitude expressing that profound depression, whose lonely vigil wastes the midnight in a gloomy watch, which yet hopes for nothing at its close.

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XII, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 149:

Eventually the body trade grew so reckless that relatives took to holding graveside vigils, lest their loved ones disappear in the night.

2016，Colson Whitehead，The Underground Railroad，Fleet (2017)，頁 165:

His dog kept vigil outside the hospital for eight days while he was recovering from an accident.

在他从遭遇事故中到痊愈期间，他的狗在医院外守了八天。

The protesters kept vigil outside the conference centre in which the party congress was being held.

抗议者在召开党代会的会议中心外安静地示威。


vindictive

more vindictive (comparative)
most vindictive (superlative)


viral

more viral (comparative)
most viral (superlative)


virginal

more virginal (comparative)
most virginal (superlative)


virginium

Virginia + -ium（以美國維吉尼亞州命名），於1930年由 Fred Allison 發現，之後他所聲稱的發現說法被推翻。

Because he had found six minima for every salt of virginium—VaCl, VaNO3, Va2SO4, and VaOH—he asserted that virginium consisted of a mixture of six stable isotopes. Allison also found virginium present in other minerals […]

2014, Marco Fontani, Mariagrazia Costa, Mary Virginia Orna, The Lost Elements: The Periodic Table's Shadow Side (page 328)


virtuous

more virtuous (comparative)
most virtuous (superlative)

/ˈvɜːt͡ʃʊəs/


virulent

more virulent (comparative)
most virulent (superlative)


Vishnu

音譯自梵語 विष्णु (viṣṇu)。

源自梵語的男性人名，於印度使用


vocalize

vocalise (alternative)
vocalizes (third-person singular present)
vocalizing (present participle)
vocalized (past participle)

Following the modern spirit, the real poems of the present, ever solidifying and expanding into the future, must vocalize the vastness and splendor and reality with which scientism has invested man and the universe,...

1876, Walt Whitman, preface to the 1876 edition of Leaves of Grass


voyeurism

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-voyeurism.wav


vulgus

拉丁文或希蠟文的作詩課題集


unperson

被冷落的人， 被除名的人


unpredictable

more unpredictable (comparative)
most unpredictable (superlative)

Sharks are not unpredictable; for the most part, they do exactly what an apex predator is expected to do.

1983，Richard Ellis，The Book of Sharks，Knopf, →ISBN，頁 146:

predictable


unquiet

unquieter (comparative)
unquietest (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-unquiet.wav


unravel

unravels (third-person singular present)
unravelling (present participle)
unraveling (present participle)
unravelled (past participle)
unraveled (past participle)


unrealistic

more unrealistic (comparative)
most unrealistic (superlative)

How much of our thinking is based on unrealistic planted scripts of drama, romance and violence?

2008年August13日，Charles Hugh Smith，When Societies Watch Too Much Television:

It meant all through journeys required at least two changes of train, making commuting to London unrealistic. Passengers on all affected routes were urged not to travel.

2023年January25日，Paul Clifton，“Network News: Landslip wrecks London commuter services for 'weeks'”, in RAIL，期 975，頁 8:


unrecognizable

more unrecognizable (comparative)
most unrecognizable (superlative)

/ʌnˈɹɛkəɡnaɪzəbəl/

/ʌnɹɪˈkɒɡnɪzəbəl/

He’s forced to travel back to 1969 to prevent an evil alien (a shockingly effective, nearly unrecognizable Jemaine Clement of Flight Of The Conchords, playing sort of a psychotic extraterrestrial-biker serial killer) from destroying the world by killing Brolin. Smith is aided in his quest by an elfin, time-jumping alien with psychic powers played by another Coen brothers veteran, A Serious Man star Michael Stuhlbarg.

他被迫回到1969年，阻止一個邪惡的外星人（《弦樂航班》中的杰梅奈·克萊門特，令人震驚的、幾乎無法辨認的杰梅奈·克萊門特，扮演一個精神失常的外星摩托車連環殺手）殺死布洛林，從而毀滅世界。史密斯在這次任務中得到了一個擁有超能力的精靈般的時間跳躍外星人的幫助，這個外星人由另一位科恩兄弟老將、《嚴肅的男人》明星邁克爾·斯圖巴扮演。

2012年May24日，Nathan Rabin，“Film: Reviews: Men In Black 3”, in The Onion AV Club:


unclamp

unclamps (third-person singular present)
unclamping (present participle)
unclamped (past participle)


unfairness

The reason why fairness in taxation matters is institutionalized unfairness rots society from the inside, and the social order and economy eventually collapse.

2024年January28日，Charles Hugh Smith，Our Tax System Is an Unfair Mess: Here's How to Fix It:


ulster

源自此种大衣制造商的名字，北爱尔兰贝尔法斯特阿尔斯特大衣公司（Ulster Overcoat Company of Belfast, Northern Ireland）。

（男装）阿尔斯特宽大衣，一种以羊毛或其他粗料制成的大衣，这种大衣长而宽松，常被称为 greatcoat。有时会有一个附加的披肩，盖住背部和袖子。


username

同類詞：password


usual

源自中古英語 usual ← 古法語 usuel ← 拉丁語 ūsuālis (“習慣的，往常的，共同的，習慣的，適用的”) ← ūsus (“使用，風俗，習俗”)，ūtī (“使用”)的過去分詞詞幹。

more usual (comparative)
most usual (superlative)

通常的，寻常的，向有的，常见的，平常的，一向的


usurpation

來自中古英語 usurpacioun，來自古法語 usurpacion，來自拉丁語 ūsurpātiō。


ultramafic

more ultramafic (comparative)
most ultramafic (superlative)


utopia

來自新拉丁語 Ūtopia，名字由托马斯·摩尔1516年的同名著作而來。為古希臘語 οὐ (ou，“不，無”) + τόπος (tópos，“地方，地區”) + -ία (-ía)的新創詞。對照英語 topos和-ia。

As everyone knows, almost all booked passenger and freight trains are diagrammed into rosters for engines and men, and in an operating Utopia everything would work out daily according to plan.

1962 August，G. Freeman Allen，“Traffic control on the Great Northern Line”, in Modern Railways，頁 131:

As towns continue to grow, replanting vegetation has become a form of urban utopia and green roofs are spreading fast. Last year 1m square metres of plant-covered roofing was built in France, as much as in the US, and 10 times more than in Germany, the pioneer in this field.

2013年May10日，Audrey Garric，“Urban canopies let nature bloom”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 188, 期 22，頁 30:


underarm

(人體)手臂底下和肋骨上方交接的地方


umbilical

脐带的
參見：navel


umiak

爱斯基摩人所用木架蒙皮船


undercooling

undercool 的現在時分詞和動名詞


unacceptable

来自中古英語 unacceptabylle，等价于un- + acceptable。

more unacceptable (comparative)
most unacceptable (superlative)

At the same time, the signing of a temporary truce with the Russian Federation without the withdrawal of its troops from the territory of Ukraine, according to 89% of the population, is unacceptable.

與此同時，89%的受访者认为，在俄羅斯聯邦不從烏克蘭领土撤軍的情況下，與之簽署臨時停火協議的行为是無法接受的。

2022年March20日，“Some 93% of Ukrainians believe in victory, 89% against temporary truce with Russia – poll”, in Interfax-Ukraine:


unacceptable

Second, the data collected using CASEMAP afford us the opportunity to conduct market segmentation analyses based on the similarity in the pattern of unacceptables and/or the benefits that consumers seek in the category.
其次，使用CASEMAP收集的資料使我們有機會根據無法接受事物的模式的相似性和/或消費者在該類別中尋求的利益進行市場細分分析。

1989, Walter A. Henry, Michael Menasco, Hirokazu Takada, New-product Development and Testing (p. 106)


unswathe

解开(除去) 包布或绷带


unaligned

more unaligned (comparative)
most unaligned (superlative)


feathers

feather的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


undernourishment

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-undernourishment.wav


feathery

featherier (comparative)
more feathery (comparative)
featheriest (superlative)
most feathery (superlative)


faces

face 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


fecula

派生自拉丁語 faecula。


underproof

酒精含量在标准酒精浓度以下的


factious

more factious (comparative)
most factious (superlative)


unbearable

more unbearable (comparative)
most unbearable (superlative)

不能/無法忍受的；難以忍受的

The heat of the fire, the steam which arose from the dampening water, the hard slogging at the white-hot metal of the links, and the continual pulling of lengths of chain, were calculated to put a test on the strongest of men, and often on hot summer days they had to be sent home, for the work became unbearable.

1945 January and February，A Former Pupil，“Some Memories of Crewe Works—III”, in Railway Magazine，頁 14:


unwearying

more unwearying (comparative)
most unwearying (superlative)


unbecoming

來自un- + becoming。對照中古英語 unbicomelich (“不適當”)。

more unbecoming (comparative)
most unbecoming (superlative)

/ˌʌnbɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

A very small expensive black toque was hideously unbecoming to the yellow, toad-like face beneath it.

1934，Agatha Christie，章號 3, in Murder on the Orient Express，London: HarperCollins, 出版於 2017，頁 25:

― Lily: “Don’t stare so much. It’s unbecoming. It makes you look like a country bumpkin.”

2017年July12日，Moe! Ninja Girls (文獻語言：英語), Japan: NTT Solmare, 經由 iOS, Android，幕：Season 7, Chapter 7, Part 2:

She wore a rather unbecoming hairstyle.

她理了个不太得体的发型。

He was accused of conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman.

他被指責行為不紳士，有損官員身份。


unbecoming

/ˌʌnbɪˈkʌmɪŋ/


unbecoming

/ˌʌnbɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

By tracing the turns from U.S. to Japan to China, we can see that becoming American, the classic ethnic American narrative, itself opens to further becomings and unbecomings and rebecomings that address mobility and ethnicization […]


flagellate

詞源樹
拉丁語 flagellum
拉丁語 -ō
拉丁語 flagellō
拉丁語 -tus
拉丁語 flagellātuslbor.
英語 flagellate
古典借詞，源自拉丁語 flagellō (“鞭打，捶打”) 及其分詞 flagellātus。

flagellates (third-person singular present)
flagellating (present participle)
flagellated (past participle)

Red welts rising from a flagellated back

背部被鞭打后出现红色伤痕

1976年December11日，David Holland，“A Conversation With Maitresse”, in Gay Community News，卷 4, 號 24，頁 13:

The gigantic egg sits, and the frantic and tiny sperm flagellates its tail to cross vast distances on its quest for dissolution in the huge egg.

巨大的卵子静静地坐着，微小的精子疯狂地挥动着尾巴，长途跋涉，寻求在巨大的卵子中溶解。

1981，William Irwin Thompson，The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture，London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co.，頁 63:


flagellate

more flagellate (comparative)
most flagellate (superlative)


flagellated

flagellate 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


flagellated

more flagellated (comparative)
most flagellated (superlative)


feed

繼承自中古英語 feden，繼承自古英語 fēdan (“喂食”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *fōdijan，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *fōdijaną (“喂养”)，源自原始印歐語 *peh₂- (“守卫，放牧，喂食”)。同源詞包括西弗里斯蘭語 fiede (“滋养、喂养”)、荷蘭語 voeden (“喂养”)、丹麥語 føde (“生產；喂养”)、瑞典語 föda (“生產；喂养”)、冰島語 fæða (“喂养”)、拉丁語 pāscō (“喂养、滋养”)。參見 food、fodder。

feeds (third-person singular present)
feeding (present participle)
fed (past participle)

give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime

Feed the dog every evening.

If thine enemy hunger, feed him.

你的仇敵若餓了，就給他吃。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 12:20:

Spiders feed on gnats and flies.

While feeding, the basking shark swims at about two knots per hour, and this enables it to eat and breathe in the same motion.

1983，Richard Ellis，The Book of Sharks，Knopf, →ISBN，頁 89:

Feed the fish to the dolphins.

DR SIMEON: I said I'd feed you. I didn't say who to.

2012 December 25 (airdate), Steven Moffat, The Snowmen (Doctor Who)

把東西交給機器處理；給料

Feed the paper gently into the document shredder.

将纸张轻轻送入文档碎纸机。

We got interesting results after feeding the computer with the new data.

在向计算机输入新数据后，我们得到了有趣的结果。

feeding him with the hope of liberty

Springs feed ponds with water.

If grain is too forward in autumn, feed it with sheep.

假如秋季作物長得太過頭，就把羊放到地裡。

Morrison then played a pivotal role in West Brom's equaliser, powering through the middle and feeding Tchoyi, whose low, teasing right-wing cross was poked in by Thomas at the far post

2010年December28日，Kevin Darlin，“West Brom 1-3 Blackburn”, in BBC:


feed

繼承自中古英語 fede、fed，源自詞源1。

同類詞：fodder

They sell feed, riding helmets, and everything else for horses.

他们出售饲料、马用头盔和其他马用物品。

a satellite feed

同類詞：feeder、feedbin、hopper

the paper feed of a printer

同類詞：speed、speeds and feeds

One proposed going to Hungerford-market to do a feed on decayed shrimps or other offal laying about the market; another proposed going to Covent-garden to do a 'tightener' of rotten oranges, to which I was humorously invited; […]

184?, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor

"There won't be any more blessed concerts for a million years or so; there won't be any Royal Academy of Arts, and no nice little feeds at restaurants."

1898，H.G. Wells，The War of the Worlds，London: William Heinemann，頁 257:

They held a crab feed on the beach.

他们在海滩上举行了螃蟹盛宴。

I've subscribed to the feeds of my favourite blogs, so I can find out when new posts are added without having to visit those sites.

我已经订阅了我最喜欢的博客的提要，这样我就可以知道何时添加了新帖子，而无需访问这些网站。

Refresh the top of your various “feeds” — the running column of content on some versions of Facebook, Twitter and Instagram — and you will see the latest news at the top. The further back you scroll, the older the material gets.

2016年March15日，Mike Isaac，“Instagram May Change Your Feed, Personalizing It With an Algorithm”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Despite spending years studying these toxic dynamics and the better part of a month watching them up close in strangers’ feeds, I was still, like so many, surprised to see it all reflected at the ballot box. We shouldn’t have been surprised; our divisions have been in front of our faces and inside our feeds this whole time.

2020年November24日，Charlie Warzel，“What Facebook Fed the Baby Boomers”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


feed

fee 的過去式和過去分詞


unwilling

不愿意的，不情愿的，非本意的。


uninformed

more uninformed (comparative)
most uninformed (superlative)

ignorant

無知的，蒙昧的，不了解的，缺乏信息的

無知的，蒙昧的，不了解的，缺乏信息的


unyielding

more unyielding (comparative)
most unyielding (superlative)

坚定的，顽强不屈的，顽强的

不弯曲的，牢固的，坚固的


uninitialized

/ʌnɪˈnɪʃəˌlaɪzd/


Upanishad

借自梵语 उपनिषद् (upaniṣad)。

奥义书（古代印度哲学书）


flamethrower

flame thrower (alternative)
flame-thrower (alternative)
flamethrowers (plural)

/ˈfleɪmˌθɹəʊ.ə/


foeticide

foetus + -cide 或 foetus + -icide；參見feticide。

feticide的另一種寫法（杀害胎儿、堕胎） （自19世紀）


Flanders

#*1613年，威廉·莎士比亞《亨利八世》 iii 2：“When you went / Ambassador to the Emperor, you made bold / To carry into Flanders the great seal.”

法蘭德斯/佛兰德，比利時北部的一個地區，居民主要說荷蘭語。

法國城市里爾的主要火車站名。


uninvited

But you, you're not allowed / You're uninvited / An unfortunate slight

1997，Alanis Morissette （作曲作詞）, “Uninvited”, 演出者 Alanis Morissette:


uninvited

uninvite 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


unbundle

对设备与维修服务分别计价


filibeg

一种男用短裙（philibeg的另一种写法）。


fairness

Some questioned the fairness of the new laws.

The reason why fairness in taxation matters is institutionalized unfairness rots society from the inside, and the social order and economy eventually collapse.

2024年January28日，Charles Hugh Smith，Our Tax System Is an Unfair Mess: Here's How to Fix It:


uprightly

more uprightly (comparative)
most uprightly (superlative)


unitive

派生自晚期拉丁語 unitīvus。

more unitive (comparative)
most unitive (superlative)


faker

在軍事演習中充當敵方單位的友方單位。

faker: A friendly track acting as a hostile for exercise purposes. (STANAG 1241)

2011, APP-6C: NATO Joint Military Symbology (page 555)


filtering

filter 的現在時分詞和動名詞


filtering

過濾出來的東西；通過了過濾器的東西

the filterings from the subsoils

Waking up in Langogne in a dim dawn, I felt in a strange sort of way more at home than I'd been for a long time in my own sadly altered version of home, even a year on from her death – especially in the first filterings of daylight […]

2006，Christopher Rush，To Travel Hopefully，頁 146:


universal

來自中古英語 universal，來自古法語 universal（現代法語 universel），來自拉丁語 ūniversālis。

more universal (comparative)
most universal (superlative)

In Logic, the letter A is used as a symbol for the universal affirmative proposition in the general form "all x is y."

She achieved universal fame.

universal wrench


universal

特定事物的共同特徵或特性。

When we examine common words, we find that, broadly speaking, proper names stand for particulars, while other substantives, adjectives, prepositions, and verbs stand for universals.

1912，Bertrand Russel，The Problems of Philosophy, Chapter 9:

We might also distinguish those expressions which are used to refer to individuals or particulars from those which are used to refer to what philosophers have called universals: e.g., to distinguish such expressions as "Everest" and "this chair" from "the number three", "the color red" and "drunkenness".


frenulum

借自新拉丁語 frēnulum。


follower

/ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/

It is better to be a good follower than to be a bad leader.


finagle

finagles (third-person singular present)
finagling (present participle)
finagled (past participle)


flats

flat 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


fenman

英格兰东部中区沼泽的居民


fretful

more fretful (comparative)
most fretful (superlative)


fallup

放射性尘埃对海洋地区的污染


falsetto

借自意大利語 falsetto，源自falso (“虛假的”)。

/fɔɫˈsɛɾ.oʊ/


falsetto

借自意大利語 falsetto，源自falso (“虛假的”)。

falsettos (third-person singular present)
falsettoing (present participle)
falsettoed (past participle)

/fɔɫˈsɛɾ.oʊ/


unleash

unleashes (third-person singular present)
unleashing (present participle)
unleashed (past participle)

He unleashed his dog in the park.

他在公園撒開了自己的狗。

He unleashed his fury.

As Bent pulled away to the far post, Agbonlahor opted to go it alone, motoring past Gary Caldwell before unleashing a shot into the roof of the net.

本特正往遠端柱移動，這時，阿邦拉霍選擇獨自突破，越過加利卡達維，然後射門，將球射入門網頂端。

2011年October1日，約翰辛諾特，“Aston Villa 2 - 0 Wigan”, in BBC 體育:

Storm Charlie had raged throught [sic] the night and was unleashing further gusts on the morning that RAIL was due to inspect a vegetation management project in Kent. Bit by bit, the train timetable unravelled. A trip beginning at Bradford-on-Avon belatedly reached Bath, but that turned out to be journey's end.

颶風「查理」肆虐了整個晚上，並在鐵路公司計畫在肯特郡檢查植被管理專案的那天早上釋放更強烈的陣風，導致火車時刻表依次取消。從埃文河畔布拉德福德出發的行程才剛到達巴斯，結果卻要止步於此了。

2020年June3日，安德魯莫蘭特，“A safer railway in a greener habitat”, in 《鐵路》(Rail)，頁 58:

People who talk about an imminent possibility of war seldom pose this question: What would North Korea’s leadership get from unleashing a war that they are likely to lose in weeks, if not days?

說戰爭很有可能會爆發的人很少提出這個問題：北韓領導人發動一場幾個星期甚至幾天就會輸掉的戰爭，能得到什麼好處？

2013年April9日，安德烈蘭科夫，“Stay Cool. Call North Korea’s Bluff.”, in 《紐約時報》:


feoffer

feofor (alternative)
feoffor (alternative)
feoffers (plural)


frictional

The large frictional forces made dragging it impossible.

強烈的摩擦力使得它很難拖動。


frightening

more frightening (comparative)
most frightening (superlative)

/ˈfɹaɪtənɪŋ/

嚇人的，令人驚嚇的，令人恐懼的

Riding the rollercoaster was a frightening experience.

乘坐过山车是一次令人恐惧的经历。

The Owl is flying high, frightening to the eye.
The Rattler is nearby, Cool is on the fly.
Danger is his business.

1966，“Cool McCool (theme song)”, Bernie Green 作曲 (Cool McCool (television series)), 演出者 Bob McFadden:


frightening

/ˈfɹaɪtənɪŋ/

frighten 的現在時分詞和動名詞

The scientist was frightening the timid children.

科学家正在吓唬那些胆小的孩子们。


famished

famish 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


famished

more famished (comparative)
most famished (superlative)

I'm famished; I haven't eaten since yesterday.

我要餓死了；昨天到現在就沒吃過東西。


footloose

more footloose (comparative)
most footloose (superlative)


fleet-footed

more fleet-footed (comparative)
most fleet-footed (superlative)


unmilitary

more unmilitary (comparative)
most unmilitary (superlative)

The Indian military system is full of unmilitary anomalies, all productive of irresponsibility and undiscipline.

印度的軍事體系充滿了非軍事性的異常現象，所有這些都導致了不負責任和無紀律。

1860，Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons，Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons，頁 72:

National Guards and Soldiers of the line […] fall into disorderly street-processions, constitutional unmilitary exclamations and hurrahings.

1837，Thomas Carlyle，The French Revolution: A History […]，卷 (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, (please specify the book or page number):

Tragedy developed affinities with civic ideals of restraint, manly control, and heroic discipline, but comedy, and in particular the comic body, developed affinities with anticivic excess, sexual abandon, and unmilitary, antiathletic slackness.

悲劇與克制、男子氣概和英雄紀律等公民理想有著密切的聯繫，而喜劇，尤其是喜劇的本體，則與反公民的過度、性的放縱以及非軍事性的、反運動的懈怠產生了密切的聯繫。

2000，Beth Cohen，Not the Classical Ideal:


fang

fangs (third-person singular present)
fanging (present participle)
fanged (past participle)


Ferris

源自諾曼語 Ferrers ← 地名 Ferrières ← 法語 fer（“鐵”）。

菲利斯（姓氏），源自人名Fergus/諾曼語姓氏Ferrers。


fireclay

On the descent the line is often in cuttings; some are high, such as at Scarcroft, where a cut through firestone and fireclay was necessary, and near Bardsey, where the line threads a deep tree-lined gorge.

1961 February，D. Bertram，“The lines to Wetherby and their traffic”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 101:


firefighter

fire + fighter。作為 fireman 和 firewoman的性別中性詞彙。


unnecessary

more unnecessary (comparative)
most unnecessary (superlative)

/ʌnˈnɛ.səˌsɛ.ɹɪ/

多餘或不需要的，不必要的

The automatic child-frightener made clowns unnecessary.

有了“自動嚇小孩器”，小丑就顯得不必要了。

Robins, of Torquay, had denied a single charge of causing unnecessary suffering to an animal. She claimed the microwave was accidentally turned on by one of the cats after the kitten got inside. But Knutton said the kitten was too small to even get onto the work surface.

來自托奇镇的罗宾斯，否认了“对动物造成不必要痛苦”的单项指控。她辩称，微波炉是在小猫进入后被另一只猫意外打开的。但克努森回驳道，小猫太小了，根本连工作台都爬不上去。

2011年December14日，Steven Morris，“Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave [因將小貓在微波爐中殺死，德文郡一女性被判入獄168天]”, in Guardian:


firefly

Fireflies are the best-known insects that produce light. […] Many fireflies use their light to communicate, particularly at mating time when males and females have to get together.

2000, Exploring Life Science, 2: Bats—Cave Life, Marshall Cavendish, page 96,

The luciferins are different in different species and today both the luciferin and luciferase in the firefly are available in the crystalline form.

2004，B. V. David, T. N. Ananthakrishnan，“Chapter 20: Bioluminescence”, in General and Applied Entomology，第2nd版, Tata McGraw-Hill，頁 130:

Various other luciferase genes, especially the firefly luciferase gene, are also used for the study of gene regulation.[…]The classic use of bioluminescence, however, is the use of a luciferin-luciferase mixture from fireflies as an assay for ATP.

2007，Lars Olof Björn, Helen Ghiradella，“23: Bioluminescence”, in Photobiology: The Science of Life and Light，第2nd版, Springer，頁 607:


fantastico

借自意大利語 fantastico (“幻想的”)，源自晚期拉丁語 phantasticus (“假想的，虛幻的”)。fantastic和fantastique 的同源對似詞。

more fantastico (comparative)
most fantastico (superlative)


firelight

He sat on by the cheerful firelight thrown from a bundle of green ash-sticks laid across the dogs; the sticks snapped pleasantly, and hissed out bubbles of sap from their ends.

他坐在壁爐的旁邊，在壁爐裏薪架上，燃燒着一堆綠色的桦樹枝，上面閃耀着歡樂的火苗；樹枝燒得劈劈啪啪地直響，樹枝的端頭燒得冒出了白沫。

1891，Thomas Hardy，章號 XXXI, in Tess of the d'Urbervilles:


front-runner

领先时始能发挥能力的赛马


unobtainable

more unobtainable (comparative)
most unobtainable (superlative)

With secondhand bullhead rail almost unobtainable, the NYMR has been forced to go for new flat-bottom rail and orders are being placed; 58 fb rails are already en route to the railway.

由於幾乎買不到二手牛頭鋼軌，NYMR 被迫購買新的平底鋼軌，並且正在下訂單； 58條平底鋼軌已經在運往鐵路公司的途中。

1979 August，Michael Harris，“A line for all reasons: the North Yorkshire Moors Railway”, in Railway World，頁 412:

Common Goal’s grand ambition is to reach a position where 1% of football’s entire multibillion dollar industry is donated to charity. It might seem an impossible dream – just as a young boy’s fantasy of becoming a top footballer almost always seems unobtainable. But Mata was one of those who fulfilled his footballing dream.

Common Goal 的宏偉目標是將整個足球產業數十億美元收入的1%捐給慈善機構。這似乎是一個不可能實現的夢想－就像一個小男孩幻想成為頂級足球員一樣，幾乎總是遙不可及的。但馬塔是實現自己足球夢想的人之一。

2018年January1日，Donald McRae，“The Guardian footballer of the year 2017: Juan Mata”, in the Guardian:


unobtainable

On the whole they are at present fairly cheap, and are not overburdened with long priced stamps, and still fewer unobtainables.

1896，The American Journal of Philately，卷 9，頁 294:

Refusals, or unobtainables, are difficult to predict, but seem to be affected by the nature of the respondent, the sponsorship of the study, and the nature of the questions. Some refusals are definite and final […]

1975，Gerald Zaltman, Philip Burger，Marketing research: fundamentals and dynamics，頁 293:


firework

烟火；烟花。一种装有火药和其他化学品的装置，点燃时会爆炸并发出五彩缤纷的火焰和类似口哨的声音。有时会在爆炸前发射到空中，用于娱乐或庆祝活动。


flipper

flippers (third-person singular present)
flippering (present participle)
flippered (past participle)


frugivorous

more frugivorous (comparative)
most frugivorous (superlative)


forecaster

Students will be surprised to see the weather forecaster is not really standing in front of the maps. These are keyed in electronically; the forecaster stands in front of a green/blue screen.

学生们会惊讶地发现，天气预报员并不是真的站在地图前。这些都是电子输入的；预报员实际上站在绿色/蓝色屏幕前。

1995，Keith Kyker，Christopher Curchy，Video projects for elementary and middle schools，頁 79:


first name

Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16.[…]Children address teachers by their first names. Even 15-year-olds do no more than 30 minutes' homework a night.

2013年July19日，Peter Wilby，“Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 6，頁 30:


forefinger

/ˈfɔːˌfɪŋ.ɡə/

/ˈfɔɹˌfɪŋ.ɡɚ/

He touched me on the arm with his forefinger twice or thrice giving a ghastly nod each time:- […]


fertilise

fertilises (third-person singular present)
fertilising (present participle)
fertilised (past participle)

fertilize在非牛津英式英語的标准拼写


farrago

借自拉丁語 farrāgō，來自far。farro 的同源對似詞。


forejudge

forejudges (third-person singular present)
forejudging (present participle)
forejudged (past participle)


fishtail

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fishtail.wav


fissiparous

more fissiparous (comparative)
most fissiparous (superlative)

/fɪˈsɪpəɹəs/


foresaw

foresee的一般过去式。


full-fledged

After she passes the bar exam, she will be a full-fledged lawyer.

她通过律师考试以后，将成为一名真正的律师。

Ansible is not a full-fledged programming language, but it does have several programming language features, and one of the most important of these is variable substitution.

Ansible不是一個五臟俱全的程式語言，但是它的確有一些程式語言的特色，其中一個最重要的是變數代換。

2017，Lorin Hochstein，René Moser，“4. Variables and Facts”, in Ansible: Up and Running，第2nd版, O’Reilly, →ISBN:


fastest

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fastest.wav

fast (形容詞)的最高級形式。

He set a new fastest time for running a mile.

他创造了一英里跑的最快成绩。

Scientists say it is one of the world’s fastest-melting glaciers.

科学家称它是世界上融化速度最快的冰川之一。

2018，VOA Learning English > China's Melting Glacier Brings Visitors, Adds to Climate Concerns:


fastest

fast (副詞)的最高級形式。


fastest

fast 的(古舊第二人稱單數現在時) 第二人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式

But thou, when thou fastest, anoint thine head, and wash thy face.

你禁食的时候，要梳头洗脸


fey

more fey (comparative)
most fey (superlative)


forever

/fəˈɹɛvə(ɹ)/


forevermore

/fəˈɹɛv.ə.mɔː/

/fɔːɹˈɛv.ɚ.mɔːɹ/

在英國和多數英聯邦國家，一般使用for evermore。而在加拿大和美國，則一般使用forevermore。

Poor Pope; and I am told he is fast growing bankrupt too; and will, in a measurable term of years (a great way within the ‘three hundred’), not have a penny to make his pot boil! His old rheumatic back will then get to rest; and himself and his stage-properties sleep well in Chaos forevermore.

1843年，Thomas Carlyle，Past and Present，book 3，ch. I，Phenomena

A frozen sun forevermore the same.


fatherhood

/ˈfɑ.ðɚˌhʊd/

/ˈfɑːðəˌhʊd/


flowcharting

流程圖製作，流程圖繪製，流程圖表示


Funchal

源自葡萄牙語 Funchal。


flowerpot

Three chairs of the steamer type, all maimed, comprised the furniture of this roof-garden, with (by way of local colour) on one of the copings a row of four red clay flower-pots filled with sun-baked dust from which gnarled and rusty stalks thrust themselves up like withered elfin limbs.

1914，Louis Joseph Vance，“Anarchy”, in Nobody，New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, 出版於 1915, →OCLC，頁 33:


fatty

fattier (comparative)
fattiest (superlative)