Turing test

以英國數學家、邏輯學家和密碼學家艾倫·圖靈（1912–1954）命名。圖靈自己則使用 imitation game 一詞。

The Turing test used to be the gold standard for proving machine intelligence. This generation of bots is racing past it. We need to stay calm — and develop a new test.

圖靈測試曾是證明機器智能的黃金標準。這一代的機器人正在超越它。我們需要保持冷靜，並開發新的測試。

2023年January20日，Cade Metz，“The Chatbots Can’t Outsmart You. Yet.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


turn on

引發性慾，用來形容一個人慾火焚身，或是被挑逗後性慾高漲的狀況


turnkey

more turnkey (comparative)
most turnkey (superlative)

無需進一步組裝或測試使用的；可立刻交鑰匙的

They wanted a turnkey solution for the entire system, but we could only provide the enclosure.

Third World countries no longer want to purchase nuclear projects on a turn-key basis; they want to receive advanced technical training as well.

1980, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, April 1980, Kathleen Bailey, When and why weapons; page 42

He cautioned that the house “is not turnkey,” and that because it is “so unusual,” it may take a while to sell. But, he added, “It’s a joy to be selling a property with its history.”

2023年March22日，Ben West，“This 835-Year-Old English Manor Needs Some Modern Love”, in The New York Times:


turnkey

turnkeys (third-person singular present)
turnkeying (present participle)
turnkeyed (past participle)

提供交鑰匙產品；提供完全組裝並可供使用的產品

We can sell you all the parts, or we can turnkey the entire unit.


typical

派生自晚期拉丁語 typicalis，來自拉丁語 typicus，來自古希臘語 τυπικός (tupikós)，來自τύπος (túpos)。

more typical (comparative)
most typical (superlative)


URN

uniform resource name (“统一资源名称”)之首字母縮略詞。


uninterruptible power supply

Examples of emergency power supplies include a storage battery or group of batteries, a generator driven by a fuel-supplied prime mover, or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) […].

2009，Geoff Craighead，High-Rise Security and Fire Life Safety，頁 357:

This upgrade comes after the installation of a $50,000 uninterruptible power supply system to compliment the facilities independent power supply.


urban legend

The claim that alligators live in New York City's sewers is an old urban legend.

纽约下水道里生活着短吻鳄的说法是一个古老的都市传说。


VSAM

Virtual Storage Access Method (“虛擬存儲訪問方法”)之首字母縮略詞。


VPN

:Template:計算機virtual private network (“虛擬專用網路”)之首字母縮略詞。


-ware

源自中古英語 ware，源自古英語 waru，源自原始日耳曼語 *warō，原義為“守衛，保護”，後變為“所有物”，也繼承了“注意、照料”等意思。

勿與表示衣物的 -wear 混淆。

表示由某種物質製成的物品。

glass + -ware → glassware

表示某種類或具有某些用途的物品。

gift + -ware → giftware


-ware

用於組成表示電腦軟體（基於用途、功能等）的不可數名詞。


web server

Web server (alternative)
webserver (alternative)
web-server (alternative)
web servers (plural)


whales

whale的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


WAIS

West Antarctic Ice Sheet (“西南極冰蓋”)之首字母縮略詞。

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (“韦克斯勒成人智力量表”)之首字母縮略詞。

Wide Area Information Servers (“廣域資訊伺服器”)之首字母縮略詞。

Additionally, gateways exist so that WAIS users can retrieve information from non-WAIS data bases like Gopher, developed by university users of Next computers, and the World Wide Web, which makes available physicists' research from many locations.

1993年February28日，John Markoff，“A Web of Networks, an Abundance of Services”, in New York Times:


wi-fi

Wi-Fi的另一種拼寫法


Winchester

源自中古英語 Wynchester，Winchestre ← 古英語 Wintanċeaster ← 拉丁語 Venta Belgārum (字面意思是“万塔比尔格鲁姆”)，可能最初源自原始凱爾特語 *wentā（“城鎮，地方”），原始印歐語 *h₁wen- + 古英語 ceastre（源自拉丁語 castra（“營地”））。

温彻斯特，英格蘭汉普郡的一個城市。

同名城鎮，在美國許多州均有分佈。

姓氏，源於居住地的名稱。


Winchester

容積為1溫徹斯特夸脫的瓶子。


WL

等待列表（waitlist之縮寫）

佈線列表，接线表（wiring list之縮寫）

工作負荷；工作負載（work-load之縮寫）

工作線（work line之縮寫）


World Wide Web Consortium (“全球資訊網協會”)之首字母縮略詞。


x的作用是通配符；緊隨最初的8086之後，使用相同架構（逐步擴大）的處理器名稱也用86結尾（80186、80286、80386、80486；英特爾在80486之後不再使用這種命名法，但其他x86處理器製造商繼續使用-586-和-686-作為處理器品牌名稱）。

泛指一系列基於Intel 8086且向下相容的中央處理器指令集架構
特別指32位元版本的x86指令集架構

The x86 version of Windows 7 only supports a maximum of 4 GiB of RAM; 64-bit Windows can support a lot more.

泛指一系列基於Intel 8086且向下相容的中央處理器指令集架構
特別指原始的16位元版本的x86指令集架構


yellow box

yellowbox (alternative)
yellow boxes (plural)

‘[T]he old man would sit his horse out there in the shade of a yellowbox that grew just outside the garden fence.’

2002, Alex Miller, Journey to the Stone Country, Allen & Unwin 2003, p. 61:


your mileage may vary

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-your mileage may vary.ogg

(习惯用法) 对于你的情况来说可能会不一样

(习惯用法) 阐述喜好不同，“这只是我的看法，你的看法可能会不一样”


ZIF

Zero Intermediate Frequency (“零中频”)之首字母縮略詞。

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (“沸石咪唑酯骨架材料”)之首字母縮略詞。


zero-sum game

同類詞：win-win、lose-lose

Dalio is right, but somewhat self-serving. If hedge-fund managers are playing a zero-sum game, what is their social utility? […] Can it really be in America’s interest to have so much of its young talent playing a zero-sum game?

达利欧说得对，但多少有点自私。如果对冲基金经理们玩的是零和博弈，他们的社会效用又是什么？ […] 让这么多的年轻人才玩零和博弈真的符合美国的利益吗？

2011年July18日，John Cassidy，“Mastering the Machine”, in The New Yorker, →ISSN:

A zero-sum game, as its name suggests, is one in which, whatever the outcome, the payoffs to the players add up to zero, which means that what one player gains, the other(s) must necessarily lose.

零和博弈，顾名思义，就是无论结果如何，参与者的收益加起来为零，这意味着一个参与者获得的东西，另一个参与者必然会失去。

2013，Andrew M. Colman，Game Theory and its Applications: In the Social and Biological Sciences，Psychology Press, →ISBN，頁 55:

Listen, I know it's been hard / You know it’s no different for me / We’re less than a zero-sum game now / And baby, we both know that's not how it's supposed to be

听着，我知道这很难 / 你知道这对我来说也没什么不同 / 我们现在不再是一场零和博弈/ 宝贝，我们都知道事情不应该是这样的

2014，“The Writing's On the Wall”, in Hungry Ghosts，演出者 OK Go:

He said turning a lab-created animal into a wild population would be an “enormous challenge”, but the financial support for de-extinction research should not be seen as a “zero sum game”.

他说，将实验室培育的动物恢复为野生种群将是一个“巨大的挑战”，但对复活灭绝物种研究的资金支持不应被视为“零和博弈”。

2022年August16日，Adam Morton，“De-extinction: scientists are planning the multimillion-dollar resurrection of the Tasmanian tiger”, in The Guardian:


zero-based

零基的：不受過往安排情況影響的


zeroization

初始化行動 消除加密模塊中的敏感參數，以防止在設備被俘時洩露。


zeroize

zeroise (alternative)
zeroizes (third-person singular present)
zeroizing (present participle)
zeroized (past participle)


zig-zag

more zig-zag (comparative)
most zig-zag (superlative)

zigzag的另一種拼寫法


zig-zag

zigzag的另一種拼寫法


zig-zag

zig-zags (third-person singular present)
zig-zagging (present participle)
zig-zagged (past participle)

zigzag的另一種拼寫法


Zip drive

zip drive (alternative)
Zip drives (plural)


backmarker

(賽跑等的) 名次不佳的選手


backpatch

backpatches (third-person singular present)
backpatching (present participle)
backpatched (past participle)


backtime

backtimes (third-person singular present)
backtiming (present participle)
backtimed (past participle)

對將要播出的項目進行計時，必要時對其剪切或填充


back-translation

backtranslation (alternative)
back-translations (plural)

將氨基酸序列翻譯成遺傳代碼


backblast

(火箭、導彈) 點火時向後發出的熱空氣氣流

Two Iraqi soldiers were brought in the morning after being wounded by the backblast of one of their own rocket-propelled grenades.

今早，兩名此前被自己的火箭推進榴彈後方熱氣流灼傷的伊拉克士兵已被帶回。

2008年April21日，Michael R. Gordon，“Civilians Suffer in Sadr City’s Daily Gun Battles”, in New York Times:


back-end

back-end database

back-end developer


backlighted

backlight 的過去式和過去分詞


backorder

backorders (third-person singular present)
backordering (present participle)
backordered (past participle)


Backus

源自中古英語 bakhows (“麵包店”)。

巴科斯，源自中古英語的姓氏

城市名，位於美國明尼蘇達州卡斯


bare metal

* 正體: 裸金屬[電子計算機]
* 裸機


behavioural science

It is, therefore, important to study the applications of behavioural science in housing decision making.

因此，研究行为科学在住房决策中的应用非常重要。

2020，Helen Bao，Behavioural Science and Housing Decision Making: A Case Study Approach，Routledge, →ISBN:


biomimetic

/ˌbaɪəʊmɪˈmɛtɪk/


quick run

*快速的跑;又可解釋為快速的跑貨,縮短製程時間。
*同義於Super hot run（超級熱的貨）


noble mold

*贵腐；高贵的模具；高尚的模具


Sino-

來自晚期拉丁語 Sīnae (“中國的”)，來自托勒密古希臘語 Σῖναι (Sînai，“中國的”)，詞源不確定但可能來自梵語 चीन (Cīna，“中國”)，也許經由阿拉伯語 صِين (ṣīn，“中國；中國的”)，通常被認為是衍生自上古漢語 秦 (*Dzin，“秦朝”)。參見中國的稱號的主頁面。

關於中國或中國人的構詞部分，即中-、漢-、華-。

In the 1970s, Sino-Soviet rivalry also spread to Africa and the Middle East.

1970年代，中蘇交惡蔓延至非洲和中東。

He's a Sino-Kadazan: half Chinese, half Kadazan.

他是漢族和卡達山族的混血：一半華籍，一半卡達山籍。


LPM

liquid per minute（升每分鐘） (L/min, l/min)（升/分鐘）


slpm

standard liters per minute (“标准升每分钟”)之首字母縮略詞，气流单位


constant dropping wears away the stone

* 西元前五世紀古希臘語有文獻記載：
薩摩斯島(愛琴海北部的一個希臘島嶼)的詩人Choerilus的《Fragments x. (Kinkel)》 (Choerilus of Samos Fragments x. (Kinkel))
:原文: ρέṯρην κοίλαίνɛί ῥανὶς ὕδαṯος ἐνδɛλɛχɛίη
:With persistence, a drop of water hollows out the stone.
:擁有著毅力，水滴會穿透石頭。
* 西元前一世紀拉丁文有文獻記載:
Albius Tibullus所做的《輓歌祿》(Elegies of Tibullus i. iv. 18)
:原文: "longa dies molli saxa peredit aqua"
:Length of time eats away stones with soft water.
:時間消耗掉有弱水的石。
*中古英語有十三世紀的文獻記載:
《(給三位)女隱士之指南》 (Ancrene Wisse 1250 A.D.)
:原文: "Lutle dropen thurleth the flint the ofte falleth theron."
:Small drops (of water) pierce the stone that often falls upon it.
:常滴在在石頭上的水會滴穿石頭。


eye of the beholder

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-eye of the beholder.ogg

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
情人眼裡出西施。

1878, Margaret Wolfe Hungerford, Molly Bawn

Since czar isn't an official job title, the number is somewhat in the eye of the beholder.

September 16 2009, Anita Dunn, Reality Check: The Truth About "Czars"


channel-to-channel separation

通道对通道隔离，也称通道间隔离。


accusative

more accusative (comparative)
most accusative (superlative)


TEF

Toxic equivalency factor (“毒性当量因子”)之首字母縮略詞。


Eyjafjallajökull

埃亚菲亚德拉冰盖/艾雅法拉火山（冰島南部的一座火山和冰蓋）。


pinealocyte

The pineal gland is lined on the inside with tissue called pinealocytes. These pinealocytes are similar to the rods and cones in the retina of your eye. That’s right; it’s the third eye! Your brain has a third eye in the center and it has retinal tissue. It also has the same wiring that your physical eyes do to the visual cortex in your brain! How did they know that all the way back when?

2017，片头起3:41, in The secrets of the pineal gland - full，spoken by David Wilcock (David Wilcock), YouTube: Collective Awakening:


tit

（英式，粗俗语，贬）蠢货、笨蛋


Kultur

kultur的另一種拼寫法

The bestialization produced by war and militant patriotism came openly to the front with all the horrors of savagery, rapine, deportation, atrocities, and the inhuman slaughter of millions of human beings for the glory of the Fatherland and Kultur and for "the making of the world fit for Democracy."

1919，Boris Sidis，The Source and Aim of Human Progress:


pneumothorax

pneumothoraxes (plural)
pneumothoraces (plural)


pyelonephritis

The urinogenous or ascending nephropathies are divisible into two great groups (a) the hydronephrotic nephropathies and (b) the pyelonephritides.

1913, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, Volume 145, page 54,


prostatitis

prostatitides (plural)
prostatites (plural)


pulver

pulvers (third-person singular present)
pulvering (present participle)
pulvered (past participle)


rhythmus

源自拉丁語 rhythmus ← 古希臘語 ῥυθμός (rhuthmós)。

rhythm的棄用形式。

the rhythmus of language


salpingitis

salpingitises (plural)
salpingitides (plural)


volk

借自南非語 volk。folk 的同源對似詞。

The lover, Tertius […] is a journalist regarded by many of his family as a traitor to the volk.

2012, Nadine Gordimer, No Time Like the Present, Bloomsbury 2013, p. 22:


volk

Edg. Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor volk pass.

1608，威廉·莎士比亞 《李爾王》

No doubt a mampus of volk of our own rank will be down here in their carriages as soon as 'tis known.

1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles:


waltz

源自德語 Walzer ← walzen (“跳舞”) ← 古高地德語 walzan (“轉”) ← 原始日耳曼語 *walt- (“轉”) ← 原始印歐語 *wel- (“轉”)。

華爾茲舞曲，跳華爾茲舞時的音樂


waltz

waltzes (third-person singular present)
waltzing (present participle)
waltzed (past participle)

They waltzed for twenty-one hours and seventeen minutes straight, setting a record.

他們連續跳華爾茲24小時17分，創造了紀錄。

While waltzing her around the room, he stepped on her toes only once.

他和她跳華爾茲的時候，只踩過她一次腳。

窜进，把...带进 （尤指没有批准或没有邀请等）

He waltzed into the room like he owned the place.

他馬上竄進房間，好像那是他自己的地方一樣。

You can't just waltz him in here without documentation!

你不能就这样不走手续把他带到这里来。

Oxlade-Chamberlain, 18, became the youngest English Champions League scorer when he waltzed across the area to plant a low shot into the corner.

2011年September28日，Tom Rostance，“Arsenal 2 - 1 Olympiakos”, in BBC Sport:

The women in Ms. Telfer’s book waltz right by societal rules that would leave the rest of us at a standstill. We are left tsk-tsking, while also in awe.

2021年February25日，Mara Altman，“Glitzy, Tragic and Selfish: Female Con Artists Waltz by Society’s Rules”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Don't worry about the interview — you'll waltz it.

別太擔心採訪——很容易你就搞定了。

And he said, what he had planned in his head from the start, if we got Jim out all safe, was for us to […] take him back up home on a steamboat, in style, and pay him for his lost time, and write word ahead and get out all the niggers around, and have them waltz him into town with a torchlight procession and a brass-band, and then he would be a hero, and so would we.

1884, Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Chapter the Last:


don't

［美国黑人英语］（用在否定性的主语前，表强调）


Dollar

源自蘇格蘭蓋爾語 Dolair (蘇格蘭地名)

蘇格蘭克拉克曼南郡一小鎮名。


Mio

自治社區，普查规定居民点，郡政府所在地名，位於美國密西根州奧斯科達。


Richter

magnitude

(後接十進制數字)：里氏震級/芮氏地震規模

(後接十進制數字)：里氏震級/芮氏地震規模


dritten

drite 的過去時分詞


erster

oyster的發音拼寫。


Baden-Württemberg

[ˌbɑːdən ˈvɜːtəmbɜːɡ]

巴登-符騰堡（州名，位於德國）


Mill

密爾，姓氏 特指约翰·斯图尔特·密尔。


orange cherry

非洲屬櫻桃桔子/ 小顆番茄


Müller

Muller的另一種寫法


North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

North Atlantic Treaty Organization的另一種拼寫法


Führer

借自德語 Führer，模仿意大利語 Duce。

擔任納粹德國總理時的阿道夫·希特勒

When the Führer says we is the master race
We "Heil!" (Bronx cheer), "Heil!" (Bronx cheer) right in the Führer's face.

我們當著元首的面高喊「萬歲！」（布朗克斯歡呼），「萬歲！」（布朗克斯歡呼）。

1942，Oliver Wallace （作曲作詞）, “Der Fuehrer's Face”:

領導人，尤指行使暴君權力的領導者


Schmidt

源自德語 [in turn 來自職業]的姓氏。


Bundesrat

借自德語 Bundesrat (“聯邦議會”)。

Bundesrath (alternative)
Bundesrath (alternative)


Mannheim

曼海姆（城市名，位於德國巴登-符騰堡州）


Kaiser

繼承自中古英語 kayser，源自古高地德語 keisar (“皇帝”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *kaisar，源自原始日耳曼語 *kaisaraz。原始日耳曼語派生至古英語的詞彙是 cāser (“皇帝”)，但從中古英語 kayser (“皇帝”) 的詞形（而不是預期的 *caser、*coser）可以推斷出這個詞是後來從另一種日耳曼語言借來的，並非源自古英語的繼承詞；而現代英語的拼字和意義也似乎是受到現代德語影響而修改的，不是中古英語的直接延續。對照從斯拉夫語族借入的同源對似詞 tsar。

德語國家的皇帝，特別是神聖羅馬帝國（962-1806）、奧地利帝國/奧匈帝國（1806-1918）或德意志帝國（1871-1918）－通常特別指威廉二世。

任何皇帝或獨裁者，或試圖成為皇帝或獨裁者的人

And Black Ivo is a veritable Kaiser.

而黑伊沃則是名副其實的皇帝。

[…] that President Poincare, the first servant of France, is still Louis XIV, the former War-Lord, the Kaiser of France […]

Senator Sherman vigorously assailed the Shantung agreement, declaring that it would make the Mikado a veritable Kaiser of the Far East and alienate the sympathies of the 400,000,000 Chinese – from the people of the United States.

謝爾曼參議員猛烈抨擊山東協議，宣稱這將使天皇成為名副其實的遠東皇帝，並使四億中國人對美國人民失去同情。

1919，Far Eastern Political Science Review - Volume 1，頁 49:

[…] which，from the banking point of view, the National City Bank is a veritable kaiser.

從銀行業的角度來看，國家城市銀行是名副其實的皇帝。

凱撒麵包，一種表面有薔薇花狀劃痕的小圓麵包


United Nations Organization

這種形式有時被認為是「聯合國」名稱更完整的形式。其可能與該組織在其他語言的名稱相關聯，例如法語 Organisation des Nations Unies 或西班牙語 Organización de las Naciones Unidas，後兩者在名稱中特別指定其為「組織」。


Mir

源自俄語 мир (mir，“和平”)。


Hermann

源自德語的姓氏，借自德語 Hermann。

城市，縣城名，位於美國密蘇里州加斯科內德縣。


Schau

兩個主要來源：
* 借自北部德語 Schau，為 Schuh 的變體。
* 借自挪威語 Schau，為 Skau 的變體，源自 skau (“森林”)。


Aal

德語，可能是衍生自古高地德語 ahu (“河，溪流”)，來自原始西日耳曼語 *ahu，常見於河流名稱。可能受到Aal (“鰻魚”)的影響。

位於德國巴登-符騰堡州的河，為內卡河的支流。


Adolph

源自日耳曼語族的男性人名


Bach

源自德語 Bach。姓氏由其他日耳曼語族國家的移民帶入盎格魯-薩克遜地區。Beach 的同源對似詞。


Bach

借自越南語 Bạch。Bai 的同源對似詞。


Brett

轉變自暱稱的姓氏，意思是「布列塔尼人」


Brett

Brettanomyces，一類酵母，用來釀造一些啤酒，也會影響葡萄酒的口感


Dasein

dasein的另一種寫法

Even in its failure, National Socialism refused to allow the question of Being to become the overt and pervasive question of Germany. It ensured that Dasein would either quickly find itself in its everydayness in the task of the reconstruction of an occupied Germany or not find itself, in death.

2005, James Phillips, Heidegger's Volk: Between National Socialism and Poetry, published by Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-5071-4.


Salat

薩拉（右支流名，位於法國奧克西塔尼亞加龍）


bester

[…] "bouncers and besters," who cheat by laying wagers […]

1853, The Scripture Readers' Journal (page 15)


bester

較好、更好；best 的比較級形式。


hip-hop

"...not knowning as they strolled through the doors of the community center near Bambaataa's mother's apartment that they were writing musical history. Among them was an MC named Lovebug Starski, who was said to utter the phrase 'hip-hop' between breaks in time."

2007, James McBide, Hip-Hop Planet, National Geographic (April 2007), 106,


absolver

免除者，寬恕者，赦免者（首見於16世紀晚期）

[…] few men dislike the Lay-Excommunicators and Absolvers more than I do […]

1684，Richard Baxter，Whether Parish Congregations Be True Christian Churches，London: Thomas Parkhurst，頁 2:


accelerando

/æksɛləˈɹændəʊ/

一種速度標記，表示該段音樂的速度逐漸加快。

（事物的）加速或指數級的進步或發展

The accelerando of the sciences and of technology, their mathematization have beggared both the reach and the veracity of natural language.
科學和技術的加速發展，以及它們的數學化，已經與自然語言的覆蓋範圍和真實性相去甚遠。

2012, George Steiner, The Poetry of Thought, p. 195:


accelerando

/æksɛləˈɹændəʊ/


agrafe

衣服上的搭扣、鉤子、夾子

The belt was of gold, confined by a diamond agrafe.


ail

繼承自中古英語 eilen，繼承自古英語 eġlan，eġlian (“困擾，折磨”)，和哥特語 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (agljan，“使苦惱”)同源。

ails (third-person singular present)
ailing (present participle)
ailed (past participle)

使苦惱，使痛苦，使不適（現在主要用於疑問句或不定句。）

Have some chicken soup. It's good for what ails you.

喝點雞湯。這對你的病痛有好處。

夏甲，你為何這樣呢？

Not content with having in 1996 put a Defence of Marriage Act (DOMA) on the statue book, Congress has now begun to hold hearings on a Respect for Marriage Act. Defended, respected: what could possibly ail marriage in America?

2011, "Connubial bliss in America", The Economist:

感到不適，生病；處境艱難

When he ails ever so little […] he is so peevish.

1740, Samuel Richardson, Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded


ail

繼承自中古英語 eyle、eile，繼承自古英語 eġle (“醜陋的，討厭的，可惡的，可怕的，麻煩的，悲傷的，痛苦的”)。和哥特語 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aglus，“艱難、艱困”)同源。

ailer (comparative)
more ail (comparative)
ailest (superlative)
most ail (superlative)
ile (alternative)


ail

繼承自中古英語 eile、eyle、eiȝle，繼承自古英語 eġl，繼承自 原始日耳曼語 *agilō (“芒”)。和德語 Achel、Egel、Ägel同源。


alerter

alert 的比較級形式。


ammoniac

繼承自中古英語 ammoniak，源自中世紀拉丁語 ammōniacum。

more ammoniac (comparative)
most ammoniac (superlative)

an ammoniac salt; ammoniacal gas


ammoniac

繼承自中古英語 ammoniak，源自中世紀拉丁語 ammōniacum。


ammoniacal

A quick scent, sweet and ammoniacal, rose from her pubis.

一股甜甜的、氨水般的气味迅速从她的耻骨上飘出。

2000，JG Ballard，Super-Cannes，Fourth Estate, 出版於 2011，頁 231:


Amoy

源自泉漳話 廈門／厦门 (Ēe-mûi)（漳州話）。


angélique

巴洛克時期的一種彈撥樂器，有兩個琴頸，通常有十六根弦，以豎琴的方式演奏


anorak

* 源自格陵蘭語 annoraaq。
* (有怪癖的人)：最初指鐵道迷（因為他們在尋找火車的時候會穿著連帽衫）

Don't ever use the hood on your anorak; and, if you do, for heaven's sake don't pull the string tight so that you peep out like a little baby in a siren suit.

1980，Bill Oddie，Bill Oddie's Little Black Bird Book，頁 61:

He has described himself as the uber-geek, an anorak's anorak, a standard bearer for fellow Star Trekkies everywhere, and his air of bland, amiable bafflement has served him remarkably well in a string of TV and film roles.

2007年February15日，Maev Kennedy，“I used to say he was England's answer to John Cusack. Now I think he's England's answer to Jack Lemmon”, in The Guardian:


antipollution

more antipollution (comparative)
most antipollution (superlative)

He also proposed putting more air purifiers in schools and to explore additional anti-pollution efforts with China.
他还提议在学校安装更多的空气净化器，并与中国探讨进一步的防治污染举措。
#*::
 音頻 (美國)： (檔案)

2019, VOA Learning English (public domain)


apocalypse

启示录［《圣经.新约》的末卷］


arbitrage

非同化借詞，源自法語 arbitrage。

/ˈɑɹbɪˌtɹɑʒ/

/ˈɑɹ.bɪ.tɹɪd͡ʒ/


arbitrage

非同化借詞，源自法語 arbitrage。

arbitrages (third-person singular present)
arbitraging (present participle)
arbitraged (past participle)

/ˈɑɹbɪˌtɹɑʒ/

/ˈɑɹ.bɪ.tɹɪd͡ʒ/


Argentine

源自古法語 argentin (“銀色的”) ← 拉丁語 argentum (“銀”)。


aromatique

more aromatique (comparative)
most aromatique (superlative)


asphalter

澆注瀝青或使用瀝青工作的人


aspiration

/ˌæspəˈɹeɪʃən/


aspiration

aspiration
==== 翻译 ====
翻譯
* 简体中文：心气
* 正體中文：心氣


aspiration

aspiration
==== 翻译 ====
翻譯
* 简体中文：意愿
* 正體中文：意願


aspiration

aspiration
==== 翻译 ====
翻譯
* 简体中文：志愿
* 正體中文：志願


aspiration

aspiration
==== 翻译 ====
翻譯
* 简体中文：抱负
* 正體中文：抱負


aspiration

aspiration
==== 翻译 ====
翻譯
* 简体中文：职志
* 正體中文：職志


au revoir

非同化借詞，源自法語 au revoir，其語氣較為正式但含義相同，可能是因為其英語的對應詞本身就較為冗長。

/ˌəʊ.ɹə.ˈvwɑː/

/ˌoʊ.ɹə.ˈvwɑɹ/

Though about it the South used to brag / I’m afraid it’s become such a drag / We should say au revoir / To the old stars and bars

2000 January 22, Philipp Goedicke, Carl Kasell (announcer), “Listener Limerick Challenge”, Wait, Wait...Don’t Tell Me!, National Public Radio

After about 40++ TC meetings and over seven years, it's time to say "au revoir" - at least for now.

2001 November 23, Jack Hassell, “Au Revoir!”, Object Management Group, mail archive, www.omg.org https://web.archive.org/web/20050123185851/http://www.omg.org/archives/dtc/msg03667.html


adaptogen

借自俄語 адаптоген (adaptogen)，由蘇聯科學家 N.V. Lazarev 命名，等同於adapt + -o- + -gen。


banqueter

Between courses, the banqueters were entertained by minstrels in medieval garb.

菜餚之間，身著中世紀服裝的吟遊詩人為宴會賓客獻上表演。


big band

由這種樂隊演奏的音樂類型


boycotter

As early as 1955[…], he spoke in what Sundquist calls his “ornate metaphorical style,” evident in his first speech to the boycotters.

2009年January18日，Anthony Lewis，“A New National Scripture”, in New York Times:


cafetière

/ˌkæfətiˈɛːəɹ/


cajun

Cajun的大小寫替代形式

MOONEE VALLEY DRIFTERS Great country, cajun, and swing music to listen to and dance to.

2009年January29日，“Other music”, in Herald Sun:


Kingdom of Tonga

湯加王國；Tonga（湯加/東加）的官方名稱


Grab

一家總部位於新加坡的公司，提供載客車輛租賃及即時共乘服務，亦經營外賣、送貨、電子商務等

這家公司開發的手機應用程式


Grab

I will take a Grab back home.

我會在Grab上叫一輛車回家。


omg

變體有 omfg（oh my fucking god）、omgz（委婉，oh my gods / oh my goddess）和 zomg（委婉，和 lolz 意思相同）。


JIA

juvenile idiopathic arthritis (“幼年型特發性關節炎”)之首字母縮略詞。


coexister

The anti-Babylonian autonomists equated national survival with the full independence of Judah under its present leadership, whereas the pro-Babylonian coexisters equated national survival with the socioeconomic and religiocultural preservation of the people of Judah.

2008，Norman K. Gottwald，The Hebrew Bible: A Brief Socio-Literary Introduction，頁 229:


cohabiter

neighbours and cohabiters of the same region, encompassed by the sea, and all called by one name, Sicilians.

1628, Thomas Hobbes (translator), Thucydides (original in Greek), History of the Peloponnesian War


sorrow

繼承自中古英語 sorow、sorwe、sorghe、sorȝe，繼承自古英語 sorg、sorh (“关心、焦虑、悲痛”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *sorgu，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *surgō（對比西弗里斯蘭語 soarch、荷蘭語 zorg、德語 Sorge、丹麥語、瑞典語和挪威語 sorg），源自原始印歐語 *swergʰ- (“看管、担心；生病、受苦”)（對比古愛爾蘭語 serg (“疾病”)、吐火羅語B sark (“疾病”)、立陶宛語 sirgti (“生病”)、梵語 सूर्क्षति (sū́rkṣati，“擔心”)）。雖然意思和詞形上和 sorry、sore 相似，詞源上和這兩者並無關聯。

The safe and general antidote against sorrow is employment.
消除悲伤的最安全、最通用的良药就是就业。

August 28, 1750, Samuel Johnson, The Rambler No. 47

She had nursed all the children, including Sandro, to whom she was devoted, and my husband was just as fond of her. His going away to America was a great sorrow to her, and she always kept the sacred light burning on a little altar for Sandro all the time of his long absence.

她照料了所有孩子，包括桑德罗，她对他十分疼爱，我丈夫也同样喜欢她。桑德罗要去美国，这对她来说是一件非常伤心的事，在桑德罗长期不在家的时候，她总是在小神坛上为他点亮圣灯。

1903，Maud Salvini，“Salvini as I Know Him”, in The Theatre，期 3，頁 312:

Vaublanc, in San Domingo so sympathetic to the sorrows of labour in France, had to fly from Paris in August, 1792, to escape the wrath of the French workers.

沃布朗在圣多明各对法国劳工的苦难深表同情，为了逃避法国工人的愤怒，他不得不于1792年8月逃离巴黎。

1963，C.L.R. James，The Black Jacobins，第2nd Revised版，頁 14:

Parting is such sweet sorrow.


sorrow

sorrows (third-person singular present)
sorrowing (present participle)
sorrowed (past participle)

‘Sorrow not, sir,’ says he, ‘like those without hope.’

他说：“先生，不要像那些没有希望的人那样悲伤。”

1749，Henry Fielding，Tom Jones，Folio Society, 出版於 1973，頁 424:

When, as sometimes happens, a lad dies from the effect of the operation, he is buried secretly in the forest, and his sorrowing mother is told that the monster has a pig's stomach as well as a human stomach, and that unfortunately her son slipped into the wrong stomach.

有时，如果一个小伙子因手术后遗症而死，人们就会把他秘密地埋在森林里，并告诉他悲痛的母亲，这个怪物既有人的胃，又有猪的胃，不幸的是，她的儿子掉进了错误的胃里。

1911，James George Frazer，The Golden Bough，卷 11，頁 241:

為……感到悲痛、哀悼、遺憾


NDF

non-deliverable forward (“無本金交割遠期外匯交易”)之首字母縮略詞。


NDF

Namibian Defence Force (“納米比亞國防軍”)之首字母縮略詞。

Nordic Development Fund (“北歐發展基金”)之首字母縮略詞。


Hang

來自阿勒曼尼語 Hang (“手”)。作為商標的新創詞。


Chopin

弗雷德里克·蕭邦（Frédéric Chopin），生於波蘭的浪漫樂派作曲家


contenter

content 的比較級形式。

I thank God, that my children has got two such good homes as they have, and I am a great deal contenter, than in England, and can make a good living.

December 21, 1832, Thomas Adsett, letter to the Rev. Robert Ridsdal, published in Wendy Cameron et al. (eds.), English Immigrant Voices: Labourers’ Letters from Upper Canada in the 1830s (McGill-Queen's Press, 2000), ISBN 9780773568334, p. 87:


convive

convives (third-person singular present)
conviving (present participle)
convived (past participle)


Coran

Qur'an的已棄用拼寫


cortège

cortege的另一種拼寫法


cosinus

古典借詞，源自新拉丁語 cosinus，complementi sinus 的縮寫。

When I came to these very buildings to pass my examination I knew far better the names of all the plants in this garden than the theory of the cubic roots or the long formulæ of the sum of two cosinus.

1884，A[lbert] A[ugustin] Fauvel，Chinese Plants in Normandy，Hong Kong: […]，頁 4，列 1:

So, in the helicopteron, as the helix is at the same time a sustaining plane, it should be likened to a surface moving horizontally, and in which, consequenty, the resistance to motion will be to the lifting power as the sinus is to the cosinus of the angle formed by such plane with the horizon.

1884年November29日，“Aerial Navigation”, in Scientific American: A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures，卷 LI, 期 22, New York, N.Y.: Munn & Co., 根據Victor Tatin in La Nature原著改編的翻譯作品，頁 342，列 1:

And according to our choice of a symmetrical conjunction or opposition, all the cosinuses are reduced to 1, namely to coefficients build up solely by scalar Keplerian elements a, e.

1949，Contributions from the Astronomical Institute of the Charles University Prague，頁 38:

The variations are described in terms of cycles of sinuses and cosinuses.

1996，Pentti Zetterberg, Matti Eronen, Markus Lindholm，“Construction of a 7500-Year Tree-Ring Record for Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris, L.) in Northern Fennoscandia and its Application to Growth Variation and Palaeoclimatic Studies”, in Growth Trends in European Forests (European Forest Institute Research Report; No. 5)，Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, →ISBN，頁 15:

Basically, the rotation of the matrix of the factor loadings L represents its post-multiplication, i.e. L* = LO by the rotation matrix O, which itself resembles one of the matrices included in the classical rotational Lie groups SO(m) (containing the specific m–fold combination of sinuses and cosinuses.

2007，Vladimir G. Ivancevic，Tijana T. Ivancevic，“Introduction: Human and Computational Mind”, in Computational Mind: A Complex Dynamics Perspective (Studies in Computational Intelligence; 60)，Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, →ISBN, →LCCN, section 1 (Natural Intelligence and Human Mind)，頁s 60–61:


sexual

more sexual (comparative)
most sexual (superlative)

〈多修饰名词〉性行为的；性的

〈修饰名词〉生殖的；有性繁殖的

〈多修饰名词〉性别的；性的


toilet paper

toilet papers (third-person singular present)
toilet papering (present participle)
toilet papered (past participle)

TP

用卫生纸条覆盖房屋、树木或其他建筑物（通常作为恶作剧或庆祝）

用卫生纸条覆盖房屋、树木或其他建筑物（通常作为恶作剧或庆祝）


dele

源自拉丁語 dēlē，dēleo (“刪除”)的第二人稱單數祈使語氣形式。

deles (third-person singular present)
deleing (present participle)
deled (past participle)


dele

源自拉丁語 dēlē，dēleo (“刪除”)的第二人稱單數祈使語氣形式。


mater file

主文件檔案(應用於IC 或半導體產業)

必要的配置文件檔案(應用在軟體程式中)


solanine

Apparently the high activity of α-solanine injected into the bloodstream may be due to cholinesterase inhibition, while the lesser effects of orally administered α-solanine could reflect its poor adsorption from the gastrointestinal tract.

1989, R. P. Sharma, D. K. Salunkhe, Chapter 8: Solanum Glycoalkaloids, Peter R. Cheeke (editor), Toxicants of Plant Origin: Alkaloids, Volume 1: Alkaloids, page 214,

The most potent inhibitors are found in potatoes, and of these the most active component is the glycoalkaloid solanine.

1996, M. M. T. Janssen, H. M. C. Put, M. J. R. Nut, Chapter Two: Natural Toxins, John De Vries (editor), Food Safety and Toxicity, page 14,

Evidently, during the ripening process, the solanines are metabolised to neutral saponins without the occurrence of glycoside hydrolysis.

2005, Dietrich Frohne, Hans Jürgen Pfänder, Poisonous Plants: A Handbook for Doctors, Pharmacists, Toxicologists, Biologists and Veterinarians, page 380,


satisfactorily

more satisfactorily (comparative)
most satisfactorily (superlative)


lattice coil

*格子線圈，蜂房式線圈，梳形線圈


New Delhi

新德里（首都名，位於印度）

In a statement issued on 3 November, New Delhi said that it will study the recommendations on institutional changes outlined in the report of the UN Secretary General's panel that had stopped short of definitive recommendations on new permanent members.

新德里政府在11月3日发表的声明中表示，将研究联合国秘书长小组报告中提出的有关体制改革的建议，但该小组并未就新常任理事国提出明确的建议。

2005，Foreign Policy Annual, 2001-2009: Events，Gyan Publishing House, →ISBN，頁 420:

India claimed a diplomatic victory over Pakistan after Islamabad failed to win support for a U.N. resolution on Kashmir that New Delhi said violated its sovereignty. A group of countries led by Pakistan withdrew the resolution, which urged ...
伊斯兰堡未能赢得联合国对克什米尔问题的决议的支持，印度宣称对巴基斯坦取得了外交胜利，新德里称该决议侵犯了其主权。以巴基斯坦为首的一组国家撤回了该决议，该决议敦促……

1995, Asian Bulletin, Volume 20, Issues 1-6, APACL Publications [Asian Peoples' Anti-Communist League], unnumbered page:

As Russia accords considerable priority to its strategic partnership with India, it has to reckon with the Indian factor and is therefore subject to pressure from New Delhi in its relations with China.

由于俄罗斯高度重视与印度的战略伙伴关系，该国在行动中将不得不考虑来自印度的因素，并因此在与中国的关系中受到来自新德里的压力。

2004年November1日，Joseph Y.S. Cheng，“Challenges to China's Russian Policy in Early 21st Century”, in Journal of contemporary Asia:


phun

A couple of ANI numbers to have phun with: Pacific Bell - downtown Sacramento: […]

1998, 2600: The Hacker Quarterly (volume 15)


Quảng Nam

借自越南語 Quảng Nam。


donkey punch

一种性爱动作。即男方在达到高潮时猛击另女方的后脑勺（所以一般要求背后的姿势）。


agama

借自蘇里南湯加語 agama (“蜥蜴”)，源自一格貝語支語言；對比埃維語 agama (“變色龍”)。

飞蜥属（Agama）的蜥蜴


angpau

ang pow的另一種寫法

The lorchu' s angpau contained two Malaysian dollars, those of the thauke, 40 cents.

1990，Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography，頁 24:

It says the children receive angpau from the adults, while the old receive angpau from the young.

2003，Choo Ming Ding & Kee Beng Ooi，Chinese Studies of the Malay World: A Comparative Approach:


az

The whole legiſlature likewize acts az a court for the trial of public delinquents.

1790, Noah Webster, A Collection of Essays and Fugitiv Writings, pages 340–341:


az

來自古教會斯拉夫語 азъ (azŭ)。

аз

西里爾字母及格拉哥里字母名稱

аз

西里爾字母及格拉哥里字母名稱

азъ

西里爾字母及格拉哥里字母名稱

ⰰⰸⱏ

西里爾字母及格拉哥里字母名稱

аз

西里爾字母及格拉哥里字母名稱

аз

西里爾字母及格拉哥里字母名稱

西里爾字母及格拉哥里字母 a 的名稱。


bambu

bamboo的棄用形式。


betas

beta的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


diam

借自馬來語 diam (“安靜的”)。

Diam lah, you have no gal let alone have a son or daughter.

閉嘴啦，你都沒有女朋友，更別說兒子女兒了。

2021年April8日，intruder，“God so loved the world”, in soc.culture.malaysia (Usenet):

If the answer is affirmative, then he is qualified to talk to us. Otherwise, diam lah.

假如答案是肯定的，他才有資格跟我們談。否則，那他還是閉嘴啦。

2023年December9日，“Najib wants more time for another run.”, in soc.culture.malaysia (Usenet):

So diam lah, baruah bangsat!

2013年June7日， <par@tmnet.net.my>，“Mooted online media control 'not politically motivated'”, in soc.culture.malaysia (Usenet):


foto

photo的另一種拼寫法

Have your foto
in a bathingsuit

1909, sign on an Atlantic City (New Jersey) beach, photographed and shown in National Geographic (August 2015), volume 228, number 2, page 132:

Reply with foto and phone to GCN box 719

1977年April23日，“Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News，頁 18:

But it didn't matter, fotos or drawings. They were all illustrations of tall, slinky girls with abnormally large breasts striving to be contained within abnormally small brassieres […]

2000，Sam George Arcus，Deja Views of an Aging Orphan: Growing Up in the Hebrew National Orphan Home, →ISBN:


hatta

hattah的另一種拼寫法


jambu

jambul的另一種寫法


jambu

來自馬來語 jambu的語義延伸，發源自梵語 जाम्बव (jāmbava，“果實或蒲桃”)。

more jambu (comparative)
most jambu (superlative)

用來描述女性。沒有任何性方面的暗示。常用於演講或電子媒介中。少見於新聞或紙質材料。

You discover that she has SISTERS, who are also very jambu.

2000 2 December, m0bius, soc.culture.singapore

She has this healthy glow, almost like she's golden skinned, but oh so jambu lah!

2007 27 August, http://her-whimsical-escapade.blogspot.sg

got this mat saleh soooo jambu.

2008 26 July, CR[7], Singapore Bikes Forum

Add me pls . There are only 5 Salmah Samions ! The most jambu looking profile is me lah !

I also wanna look jambu also what on that 2-day event.

2014 16 October, https://web.archive.org/web/20160910012100/https://faithinloveandyou.wordpress.com/

My very jambu Shahida for her engagement today. I have a thing for braces girls.

2014 6 December, theatelierweddings, Instagram

don't sabo that minah jambu lah.

2015 1 August, figo16, Singapore Hardware Zone Forum

A reader has shared with us a Facebook post by jambu ICA officer Adilla Ramli. She gives her view on the recent ICA jams.

2015 21 December, Farhan, All Singapore Stuff


jambul

來自梵語 जम्बुल (jambula)、जम्बु (jambū，“蒲桃、蓮霧”)。

jambool (alternative)
jambu (alternative)
jambuls (plural)

肯氏蒲桃、海南蒲桃（果實像梅子的樹）


mak

myek (alternative)
make (alternative)
maks (third-person singular present)
makkin (present participle)
makin (present participle)
makked (past participle)
made (past participle)


palau

pilaf的另一種拼寫法


pisang

源自馬來語 pisang。

The orange crop was good; custard-apples, pisangs and pomeloes fair, the latter were poor in quality.

橙子收成不错；番荔枝、香蕉和柚子收成还不错，但柚子品质较差。

1906，Perak，Government Gazette: Supplements，頁 3:


pontianak

馬來西亞及印度尼西亞傳說中的一種吸血女鬼，據說是孕婦難產死後變成的

One of the most fearsome creatures of Malay folklore is the pontianak.

马来民间传说中最可怕的动物之一是吸血女鬼（「龐蒂雅娜」）。

2009，Andrew Hock-Soon Ng，“"Death and the Maide": The Pontianak as Excess in Malay Popular Culture”, in Draculas, Vampires, and Other Undead Forms: Essays on Gender, Race and Culture:

pontianac (“化石树脂”)的另一種寫法


pos

more pos (comparative)
most pos (superlative)

I'm not absolutely pos on that, sir.

先生，我对此并不完全认同。


sais

來自印地語（印度斯坦），來自阿拉伯語 سَائِس (sāʔis，“馬夫、馬伕”)，來自سَاس (sās，“飼養馬匹”)。

馬夫或負責照顧馬的傭人。

Not one of them [horse dealers] will venture a horse, he is about to sell, in the stables of the intended purchaser, unless attended by one of his own syces, or grooms, who both knows and is known by the animal. If the horse be very old, or naturally dull, the syce takes care to ply him with spices and other stimulants; and if vicious, opium, and other anodynes are given; so that the horse is absolutely in a state of disguise.

1808，Thomas Williamson，Oriental Field Sports; being a Complete, Detailed, and Accurate Description of the Wild Sports of the East … In Two Volumes，卷 II, London: Printed by W[illiam] Bulmer and Co. Cleveland-Row, St. James's; for Edward Orme, Bond-Street, the corner of Brook-Street, and B. Crosby and Co. Stationers' Court, →OCLC，頁 213:

4th Troop 1st Brigade—3 rank and file, 1 syce, 17 horses, killed; […]

1849年April19日，“General Return of Casualties in the Army of the Punjaub in the Action at Goojerat on the 21st February 1849, between the British Forces under the Personal Command of General the Right Hon. Hugh Baron Gough, G.C.B., Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in India, and the Rebel Army under the Sirdar Chuttur Singh and Rajah Shere Singh”, in The Indian News, and Chronicle of Eastern Affairs，期 160, London, →OCLC，頁 179:

THE DUTIES OF THE SAIS OR GROOM. […] Now, if the good house-mother's proudest boast is that not even "the cattle within her gate" fail to feel her kindly care, she will often find it necessary to take an active part in teaching the sais his duty, and seeing that the horses receive proper attention. […] The old plan of a sais and a grass-cutter to each horse is a thing of the past, and the number of saises or grooms should have reference merely to the amount of harnessing and out-work necessary during the day.

1890, Flora Annie Webster Steel; Grace Gardiner, “The Duties of the Servants”, in The Complete Indian Housekeeper and Cook: Giving the Duties of Mistress and Servants, the General Management of the House and Practical Recipes for Cooking in all its Branches, Edinburgh: F. Murray, OCLC 228145908; reprinted Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010, 978-1-108-02193-7, page 68:

But apart from the story of the havildar, my own syce, a hillman who attends my pony, has actually seen two ghosts, with one of whom he held a long conversation.

1906，Charles A[tmore] Sherring，“Superstitions”, in Western Tibet and the British Borderland; the Sacred Country of Hindus and Buddhists, with an Account of the Government, Religion, and Customs of its Peoples，London: Edward Arnold, →OCLC，頁 100:

Dinner, dinner, dinner … but when he returned to the house for it, Mahmoud Ali had drifted away in his turn, to speak to his sais.

1924，E[dward] M[organ] Forster，A Passage to India，London: Edward Arnold & Co., →OCLC; 再版 New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1952, →OCLC，頁 13:

The horse also, as if it had its own premonitions, refused to get on to those rickety planks, though the rest of the party had negotiated them safely. The sais (horse attendant), who had no such anxieties, crossed ahead of us and struggled for some minutes to drag the poor frightened animal, with myself on its back, across the chasm.

1974，Apa Pant，“Dreams and Destinations”, in A Moment in Time，Bombay: Orient Longman, →OCLC，頁 76:

We have not been able to get a good syce for our animal, and have had to make do with a young and inexperienced fellow.

1987，Sara Banerji，The Wedding of Jayanthi Mandel，London: Victor Gollancz Ltd., →ISBN:

Each pony had his sais, his groom, who lived and ate and slept with the animal, and had betted a good deal more than he could afford on the result of the game. There was no chance of anything going wrong, but to make sure, each sais was shampooing the legs of his pony to the last minute. Behind the saises sat as many of the Skidars' regiment as had leave to attend the match […]

2010，Rudyard Kipling with James Daley, comp., “The Maltese Cat”, in Great Horse Stories，Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, →ISBN，頁 95:

通常寫成syce：司機、駕駛。

House servants are usually either Chinese or Tamil, the former predominating, especially in towns of any size. The domestic staff will in general consist of a houseboy (in large establishments two houseboys), a water carrier (tukang ayer), whose duties include washing dishes and preparing baths, a cook, a gardener, a chauffeur or sais, and perhaps an ayah (if Chinese, amah) or two, according to the size of the family.

1935，Ralph Lionel German，Handbook to British Malaya, 1935，[London]: [R. L. German]: Obtainable from the Malay Information Agency, Waterlow and Sons, →OCLC，頁 50:

[A]fter their first few days there he had hired a syce, a Malay chauffeur. The syce, who had been squatting down, sheltering in the shade of the car, jumped to his feet at their approach, opening the doors for them with an efficient flourish.

1988，Margaret Pemberton，A Multitude of Sins，New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, →OCLC:

Each establishment had a retinue of Chinese or Malay servants, on average consisting of a cook, one or two "house boys," a tukang kebun (gardener), a sais (chauffeur), and an ayah or amah (maid or nurse) to take care of ironing […]

1994，Laurence C[arl] Bergquist，Destiny: A Southeast Asia Saga, 1928–1953: Singapore, Malaya, Indonesia，Pacifica, Calif.: Pacifica Press, →ISBN，頁 51:

The lady – a very elegant Romanian by birth – arrived with her daughter Miriam, the English governess, the secretary, a detective, and last of all the syce, or chauffeur, who seated himself in the garden rather than wait in the large Rolls-Royce parked outside, with the family crest placed above the number plate.

1999，Mary Sydney Burke，The Soldier's Wife: Peace and War，London: Janus Publishing Company, →ISBN，頁 128:

[T]he expansion of the service economy, for the home, the office and the municipality, had created a more mixed labouring world. A wealthy European or Asian home would bring together a Chinese amah, or maid, a Malay syce, or chauffeur, and an Indian kebun, or gardener, operating through a Malay lingua franca. On a larger scale, in the invisible city, ethnic communities were pushed closer together, often for the first time.

2005，Christopher [Alan] Bayly with Tim[othy Norman] Harper, Forgotten Armies: The Fall of British Asia, 1941–1945，Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, →ISBN，頁 53:


sais

用來表示非標準發音的says。

'Yes,' sais I, 'what's left of me; but, good gracious,' sais I, 'you have got the 'heaves.' I hope it ain't catchin'.

1855 August，“Editor's Drawer”, in Harper's New Monthly Magazine，卷 XI, 期 LXIII, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 329 & 331 Pearl Street, Franklin Square, →OCLC，頁 425:

Well, he tak some young man un he go off to Alsaroke to steal horse, un I seet roun' un watch dat woman. She watch me. Pretty soon camp was hunt de buffalo, un I was hunt Snow-Owl's woman. Every one was excite, un dey don' tak no 'count of me. I see de woman go up leetle coulie for stray horse, un I follar her. I sais, 'How do? You come be my woman. We run off to Meestar MacDonnail's tradehouse.' […] She sais she afraid.

2000，Frederic Remington，“Sun-Down Leflare's Warm Spot”, in Stories of the Old West: Tales of the Mining Camp, Cavalry Troop, & Cattle Ranch，Norman, Ok.: University of Oklahoma Press, →ISBN，頁 203:


sotong

借自馬來語 sotong。


teh

在電腦鍵盤上打錯的the。

Teh 有時用來故意製造不合語法的語句。如用在形容詞前："He is teh stupid" 句中用 teh 可行，而用 the 的 "He is the stupid" 則不可行。

故意拼錯 the，以表示幽默、諷刺或滑稽的效果。

This is teh game for your new box!

You are teh haxor!


tempe

tempeh的另一種寫法


toko

借自荷蘭語 toko (“東南亞雜貨店”)，派生自馬來語 toko (“商店”)，派生自閩南語土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “私人倉庫”)。


toko

toco (“體罰”)的另一種拼寫法

When a reglar Primroser gits toko, one wonders wot next there will come.

1892，Edwin James Milliken，“On Law and Order”, in The 'Arry Ballads，verse 1，頁 58，行 4:


Turki

more Turki (comparative)
most Turki (superlative)


yu

來自漢語 玉 (yù)、卣 (yǒu)。

卣，古代中國的酒器，通常有個裝飾性的蓋子。

A group of slenderer yu also survive from the Shang into the early Chou period, though they are rarer than the other design […] A yu with square body in the Hakuzuru Museum is the finest of these.

1962, William Watson, Ancient Chinese Bronzes (page 34)

The Yu, although of the hardness of rock crystal, is worked into an endless variety of forms […]

1818，Clarke Abel，Narrative of a Journey in the Interior of China，頁 133:

Another stone with which it would be interesting to compare it is the celebrated yu stone of the Chinese, which Dr. Abel, in his work on China, conjectured to be a species of nephrite […]

1826, The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British India and Its Dependencies:


yu

來自俄語 ю (ju)。


zakat

源自：
* 波斯語 زکات (zakât)；
* 土耳其語 zekât，來自鄂圖曼土耳其語 زكات (zekat)；或
* 烏爾都語 زکات；
均源自阿拉伯語 زَكَاة (zakāh，“施捨，天課；淨化”)，來自زَكَوٰة (zakāh) (古舊)，來自亞拉姆語 זכותא/ܙܟܘܬܐ (zākūṯā，“善良，正直；優點；勝利”)，來自זכי (zəḵē，“獲得；克服，戰勝”)。

zakats (plural)
zakaah (alternative)
zakah (alternative)
zikat (alternative)
Zikat (alternative)

Zakât is an ordinance of God, incumbent upon every perſon vvho is free, ſane, adult, and a Muſſulman, provided he be poſſeſſed, in full propriety, of ſuch eſtate or effects as are termed in the language of the lavv a Niſâb, and that he has been in poſſeſſion of the ſame for the ſpace of one complete year, vvhich is denominated Havvlân-Hâvvl. The reaſon of this obligation is found in the vvord of God, vvho has ordained it in the Koran, ſaying, "Bestovv Zakât."

1791，[Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani]，章號 I, in Charles Hamilton（譯者）, The Hedàya, or Guide; a Commentary on the Mussulman Laws: […]，卷 I, London: […] T[homas] Bensley, →OCLC, book I (Of Zakât)，頁 2:

The Mahometan law insists on the legal obligation of society to support their indigent fellow-citizens, the Hedaya or Mahometan Guide begins, "take zakat," said Mahomet, "from the rich Mussulmans, and bestow it upon the poor Mussulmans: zakat or charity," says the code, "signifies alms imposed by law, in opposition to [sadka], voluntary charity." […] The zakat was a property-tax paid on all productions and profits, on merchandise, mines, &c.

1831，James Butler Bryan，章號 XII, in A Practical View of Ireland，來自the Period of the Union; with Plans for the Permanent Relief of Her Poor, and the Improvement of Her Municipal Organization: […]，Dublin: W. F. Wakeman, […]; London: Simpkin and Marshall, […], →OCLC，頁 327:

The Alcoran and all the subsequent teachings of the faithful enjoined a constant and liberal charity. […] The theory of the zakat, or tax, is that it is a voluntary gift. Contributing for the needs of the state followed in due course of time, and became obligatory. These taxes, or zakat, amounted by law to two and a half per cent. of the principal of certain assessed property.

1886，William A[ddison] Phillips，“The Mahometan System, and the Governments and Forms of Society Founded on It”, in Labor, Land and Law: A Search for the Missing Wealth of the Working Poor，New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC，頁 140:

Amongst these stations is the well-known place called Qaṭyā, which the people pronounce Qaṭya, where zakāt is collected from the merchants, their goods are examined, and their baggage most rigorously searched.

1958，Ibn Battuta，“Syria”, in H[amilton] A[lexander] R[osskeen] Gibb（譯者）, The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa A.D. 1325–1354 […]，卷 I, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press for the Hakluyt Society, →OCLC，頁 72:

Services given by the Sayyids are supposed to be free, but they should receive the Zikat, or one tenth of the fruits of the earth.

1963，Emrys L[loyd] Peters，“Aspects of Rank and Status among Muslims in a Lebanese Village”, in Mediterranean Countrymen: Essays in Social Anthropology of the Mediterranean，Paris: Mouton and Co., →OCLC，頁 170; republished in Peoples and Cultures of the Middle East: An Anthropological Reader，卷s II (Life in the Cities, Towns, and Countryside), Garden City, N.Y.: Natural History Press for the American Museum of Natural History, 1970, →ISBN，頁 88:

[…] Russian goods were subject to numerous zakats as well as to taxes on buying and selling in the bazaars, on maintaining shops and stalls in the bazaars, and on the compulsory use of the official bazaar weights.

2004，Seymour Becker，“Economic Development”, in Russia’s Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva, 1865–1924，London, New York, N.Y.: RoutledgeCurzon, 出版於 2005, →ISBN, part 3 (The Russian Presence)，頁 136:

By tradition, zakat proceeds serve partly to deliver poor relief and partly to finance "praiseworthy activities," defined to include religious education and pilgrimage. In several countries, including Pakistan, zakat has become a legal obligation, and the government now organizes both its collection and its disbursement. In most parts of the Islamic world, however, zakat is collected and disbursed in a decentralized manner by local religious organizations[…].

2006，Timur Kuran，“Islam and Economics: Policy Prescriptions for a Free Society”, in Islam and the Everyday World: Public Policy Dilemmas，Abingdon, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN，頁 43:

Zakat is a system of alms giving which constitutes one of the five pillars of Islam, and zakat committees operate as social welfare agencies by collecting zakats from able Muslims and distributing them to the less fortunate.

2009，Atta El-Battahani，“Ideological Expansionist Movements versus Historical Indigenous Rights in the Darfur Region of Sudan: From Actual Homicide to Potential Genocide”, in Darfur and the Crisis of Governance in Sudan: A Critical Reader，Ithaca, N.Y., London: Cornell University Press, →ISBN, part 1, section 1 (Origins and Evolution of the Conflict), endnote 16，頁 67:

In practice, the zakats seem to have varied a great deal with the context, the society, and local norms.

2020 March，Thomas Piketty，“Ternary Societies and Colonialism: Eurasian Trajectories”, in Arthur Goldhammer（譯者）, Capital and Ideology，Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, →ISBN, part 2 (Slave and Colonial Societies), footnote 76，頁 409:


They spent all day in their room, injecting and 69ing, injecting and 69ing.

他們整天待在房間裡，抽抽插插，你嗦我含。

1990，Ivan Stang，Three-fisted tales of "Bob": short stories in the subgenius mythos，期 1:

if the Bananas in Pajamas would have somehow teleported themselves to our arena, walked out to midcourt, started 69ing, and then finished each other off with a couple rusty trombones before sprouting wings and flying away[…]

如果睡衣香蕉人能把他們傳送到我們的競技場上，走到中場，開始六九，然後在長出翅膀飛走之前，拿幾隻生鏽的長號把對方幹掉 […]


AAC

自動機與自動控制（automat and automatic control之缩写）


Abbas

源自阿拉伯語 عَبَّاس (ʕabbās，“常皺眉的人；未馴服的獅子”) ← عَبَسَ (ʕabasa，“皺眉”)（古蘭經第八十章）。

阿巴斯（男子名）:Template:分類

阿巴斯（源自阿拉伯的姓氏）:Template:分類


Abigail

借自希伯來語 אֲבִיגַיִל (avigáyil)。

亞比該（拿八之妻，拿八死後，為大衛之妻）

那人名叫拿八，是迦勒族的人。他的妻名叫亞比該，是聰明俊美的婦人。拿八為人剛愎凶惡。

Now the name of the man was Nabal; and the name of his wife Abigail: and she was a woman of good understanding, and of beautiful countenance; but the man was churlish and evil in his doings; and he was of the house of Caleb.

源自希伯來語的女性人名，自16世紀開始使用，至今仍相當流行

The name of Abigail Adams is naturally closely associated with those of her illustrious father and mother, - - - Born in 1765, the mother's quaint Christian name was given to the little girl

1912 Edith Tunis Sale: Old Time Belles and Cavaliers. J.B.Lippincott 1912. page 178:


ADPCM

自适应脉冲码调制（adaptive differential pulse code modulation之缩写）。

适应增量脉冲码调变（adaptive delta pulse code modulation之缩写）。


Ahvaz

來自波斯語 اهواز (ahvâz)，來自阿拉伯語 أَهْوَاز (ʔahwāz)和اَلْأَهْوَاز (al-ʔahwāz)，是سُوق الْأَهْوَاز (sūq al-ʔahwāz)的縮寫形式，後者是中古波斯語 Hūǰestān-vāčār (字面意思是“胡齊斯坦的市場”)的仿譯，指薩珊時期胡齊斯坦的一個主要城鎮；詳見Khuzestan。

阿瓦士，阿瓦兹（城市名，位於伊朗南部，胡齊斯坦省的首府）


Akira

源自日語 あきら (Akira)。

源自日語的女性人名，罕用


Akkad

派生自聖經希伯來語 אַכַּד (ʾakkáḏ)，源自阿卡德語 𒌵𒆠 (Akkade)。

阿卡得，古巴比倫阿卡德區，阿卡德王國


Aland

Åland的另一種拼寫法


Alejandro

來自西班牙語 Alejandro，來自古希臘語 Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros，字面意思是“人類的保護者”)。Alexander 的同源對似詞。

/ˌæləˈhɑndɹoʊ/

源自西班牙語的男性人名，亞歷杭德羅，等價於英語Alexander


Khater

源自阿拉伯語 خَاطِر (ḵāṭir)。


GATT

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (“关税与贸易总协定”)之首字母縮略詞。


Amin

借自阿拉伯語 أَمِين (ʔamīn)。

源自阿拉伯語的男性人名.


antispam

...at times I get huge amounts of duplicate messages that can overload my mail-reception pipeline, particularly antispam filters.

2005, Alex Martelli, Anna Ravenscroft, David Ascher, Python Cookbook


antonym

“rich” is an antonym of “poor”; “full” is an antonym of “empty”

“富有”是貧窮的反義詞；“滿”是“空”的反義詞


Anus

一種印度尼西亞的南島語系語言


APM

arbitrage pricing model (“套利定價模型”)之首字母縮略詞。

advanced power management (“進階電源管理，高級電源管理”)之首字母縮略詞。

He's a total roxor. He's got the highest APM over anyone. Actions per minute. This tournament is his whole life.

2016，Le Chien Kim，“Gamer”, in Miraculous:

automated people mover (“自動旅客捷運系統”)之首字母縮略詞。

application performance management/monitoring (“應用程式效能管理/監控”)之首字母縮略詞。


APM

Apple Partition Map (“Apple分割區配置表”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：GPT、MBR

American Public Media (“美國公共傳媒”)之首字母縮略詞。


APS

輔助電源（accessory power supply/auxiliary power supply之缩写）


ARA

花生四烯酸（arachidonic acid之缩写），大脑皮层和视觉系统的重要成分


ASF

Advanced Systems Format (“進階系統格式”)之首字母縮略詞。

Apache Software Foundation (“Apache軟體基金會”)之首字母縮略詞。


ASF

使用進階系統格式的檔案或串流


AT&T

美国电话电报公司（American Telephone & Telegraph的缩略）。


Bamako

借自班巴拉語 Bamakɔ。

巴馬科（馬里／馬利首都）


Bamako

借自班巴拉語 Bamakɔ。

巴馬科（馬里／馬利首都）


bear market

Investors face a quandary. Cash offers a return of virtually zero in many developed countries; government-bond yields may have risen in recent weeks but they are still unattractive. Equities have suffered two big bear markets since 2000 and are wobbling again. It is hardly surprising that pension funds, insurers and endowments are searching for new sources of return.

2013年July6日，“The rise of smart beta”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8843，頁 68:


Beijing

源自官話 北京 (Běijīng)。

音頻（美式，/beɪˈdʒɪŋ/）

北京，中華人民共和國的首都城市。

中華人民共和國政府，北京當局


Bella

源自意大利語：Isabella 和 Arabella 的暱稱，民間詞源學解釋為 bella (“美麗的”)。

儘管它在英語國家很受歡迎，Bella 在意大利從未被用作名字。


Bergman

街區名，位於加拿大艾伯塔埃德蒙頓東部。


big beat

“大节拍”，音乐流派之一，把Brit-Hop变得更快，节奏更重。


black friar

字面意思為“黑衣修士”，源自其穿黑色斗篷的習慣。


Bloody Mary

Bloody Marys (plural)
Bloody Maries (plural)


Bonaparte

最终源自意大利語 buona (“好的”) + parte (“部分，局部，份額”)。

科西嘉島姓氏，最著名的人物是拿破崙·波拿巴（1769-1821）

留尼旺島歷史上的一個名字


Borneo

可能源自梵語 वरुणद्वीप (varuṇa-dvīpa，“伐楼拿之島”)。

婆羅洲（島名，位於東南亞）


bossa nova

源自巴西葡萄牙語口語詞 bossa (“潮流、趨勢”，字面意思是“隆起，突起”) + nova (“新的”)。

/ˈbɒsə ˈnəʊvə/

波薩諾瓦/巴薩諾瓦，一種巴西音樂與舞蹈風格，類似桑巴與爵士樂的結合。


Brauer

出自職業的姓氏，借自德語 Brauer (“釀造者”)。


Braun

源自德語 Braun (“棕色，褐色”)。Brown 的同源對似詞。


breakbeat

音乐流派之一，不像House的拍子有规律，而是以破碎的节拍呈现，像是切分拍，如在两拍中加入小碎鼓等。有很多种音乐都属Breakbeat，如Brit-Hop、Big-Beat、和黑人的Hip-Hop。


Britpop

一种九十年代在英国兴起的另类摇滚运动，中文可译为“英式摇滚”，主要以乐队形式出现。


Buick

Buick
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：别克
* 正體中文：別克


Calamity Jane

杞人忧天者，悲观论者，说丧气话的人，爱大惊小怪的人。


calcium gluconate

葡萄糖酸钙（C₁₂H22CaO₁₄）


Canberra

不確定。通常認爲來自Ngunawal kamberra (“見面的地方”)。見英語維基百科條目 more theories on Wikipedia。

堪培拉（首都名，位於，澳大利亞位於澳大利亞首都領地）。

A new tax policy was announced by Canberra today.

澳大利亞政府今天宣佈了一項新的稅收政策。


Casablanca

卡薩布蘭卡，達爾貝達（摩洛哥卡薩布蘭卡-塞塔特大區首府）

My dear Mademoiselle, perhaps you have already observed that in Casablanca, human life is cheap. Good night, Mademoiselle.

亲爱的小姐，也许您已经注意到，在卡萨布兰卡，人命是廉价的。晚安，小姐。

1942，Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein, Howard Koch，Casablanca，spoken by Major Strasser:


categories

/ˈkætəˌɡɔɹiz/


Cauchy

在數學中用於修飾各種術語，以暗示與奧古斯丁-路易·柯西的工作相關，儘管通常最直接的關聯是與另一個此類術語。

法語姓氏；特指法國數學家奧古斯丁-路易·柯西（1789年-1857年）。


Cauchy

(可否驗證此條釋義?) 其項彼此變得任意接近。


chamber pop

是指典雅、高贵、精致的一种流行乐，有一定的古典音乐感觉。


Chennai

借自泰米爾語 சென்னை (ceṉṉai)。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chennai pronunciation by Eshwer.ogg

金奈，清奈（首府及最大城市名，位於印度泰米爾納德州）

金奈，清奈（縣名，位於印度泰米爾納德州）


Cherokee

可能源自切羅基語的本名ᏣᎳᎩ (tsalagi)。也可能源自喬克托語異稱“住在洞穴的人”（對比chiluk (“洞穴”)） — 易洛魁語對切羅基人的稱呼是Oyata'ge'ronon (“洞穴之國的住民”) — 源自克里克語詞“說非克里克語言的人”（參見celokketv (“說非克里克語言”)）。
本詞作爲族稱，進入歐洲語言的時間比較早，可能早至1670年代；在西班牙語中，切羅基人被稱爲“Tchalaquei”（1755年）。

/ˈt͡ʃɛɹ.ə.kiː/

切羅基人，北美洲原住民族。

切羅基語，易洛魁語系語言，由奧克拉荷馬州、北卡羅來納州的切羅基人使用。

塞闊雅所創的切羅基語音節文字。

美國地名： 切诺基，亞拉巴馬州城鎮。

美國地名： 切羅基村,位於阿肯色州。

美國地名： 切羅基，艾奧瓦州城市，切羅基縣縣治。

美國地名： 切羅基，堪薩斯州克勞福德縣城市。

美國地名： 切羅基，奧克拉荷馬州城市，亞爾發法縣縣治。

切羅基，澳大利亞維多利亞州城鎮。


Cherokee

/ˈt͡ʃɛɹ.ə.kiː/


Chrysler

來自1925年由Walter Chrysler創立並以其名字命名的汽車公司。姓氏源自德語 Kreißler。

一個由克萊斯勒集團（1925–1998）及其後繼公司（最近的是斯泰兰蒂斯）擁有的汽車品牌。

a Chrysler dealership

一家前汽車製造商，即克萊斯勒集團（1925–1998）；其後繼公司（最近的是斯泰兰蒂斯的北美子公司）仍非正式地使用該名稱。

From the 1920s through the 1960s, Chrysler was known within the automotive industry for impressive engineering.

從1920年代到1960年代，克萊斯勒在汽車行業中以出色的工程技術聞名。


Chrysler

一輛該品牌的汽車（以前常用作豪華車的例子 (20世紀中期)）

同類詞：(豪華車，奢華) Cadillac、Buick、Lexus

He was driving a brand-new Chrysler.

他開著一輛全新的克萊斯勒。

Hop in my Chrysler, it's as big as a whale
And it's about to set sail
I got me a car, it seats about twenty, so come on
And bring your jukebox money
The love shack is a little old place where
We can get together
Love shack baby

跳上我的克萊斯勒，它像鯨魚一樣大
它即將啟航
我有一輛車，可以坐二十個人，所以來吧
帶上你的點唱機錢
愛情小屋是一個我們可以聚在一起的小地方
愛情小屋寶貝

1989，the B-52s （作曲作詞）, “Love Shack”, in Cosmic Thing，演出者 the B-52s:


Cinderella

來自cinder（如little cinder girl）。對照法語 Cendrillon。

/ˌsɪndəˈɹɛlə/


Cinderella

cinderella (alternative)
Cinderellas (plural)

/ˌsɪndəˈɹɛlə/

出乎意料得到成功的事物，如Cinderella team。

A very early example of this can be seen in the case of the Midland Main Line (MML). At the start of 1982, this was the Cinderella of the InterCity portfolio but building more High Speed Trains (HSTs) to replace 90mph trainsets was out of the question. During 1982-83, Bleasdale shuffled his HST pack by taking sets from the Eastern and Western Regions and allocated these to the MML.

2020年January2日，David Clough，“How InterCity came back from the brink”, in Rail，頁 64:

清洁工女性（工作多为清理火炉中的灰）


classical pop

指带古典响乐味道的流行曲，多用弦乐伴奏的歌曲可列入此类。


Colorado

/kɑləˈɹɑdoʊ/

/kɑləˈɹædoʊ/

/kɒləˈɹɑːdəʊ/

音頻（美式/kɑləˈrɑdoʊ/異讀）

音頻（美式/kɑləˈrædoʊ/異讀）


Columbus

借自拉丁語 columbus (“鴿子”)。Colombo 的同源對似詞。動詞指的是這位意大利探險家的行為。

哥倫布， 源自拉丁語的男性人名。

Christopher Columbus (1451?–1506)，歐洲中世紀至近代的著名航海家、探險家與殖民者


Columbus

Columbuses (third-person singular present)
Columbusing (present participle)
Columbused (past participle)

"But, boy the powers of mud, I belayve you fellers mane to make an indepindint cruise in the Orient, and go Columbusing all over the ocean boy the way ye's talk!"

1893，American Boys Afloat: Or, Cruising in the Orient，頁 150:

Callous as the old mummy was about anything and everything save his pet hobby, archaeology, he would sit up and take notice of such a vision ; and Peter felt that, having Columbused the discovery, he had the better right to it.

To the west of the river lay the country in which I went Columbusing — the enchanted desert whose southern boundary was where the sky reached down and merged with the earth curve, and whose northern limit was the Harqua Hala range […]

No street car line passes it, so you'll have to do a little Columbusing on your own account-to find it-—but it's worth discovering, and President Gardner's phophecy sounds conservative.

聲稱擁有某物（通常是被認為屬於他人的發現）

When his black friend tells him that many people knew about the bar before he did, his white friend retorts by saying that he “Columbused it”; i.e., discovered it for white people before a gaggle of hip white people flooded in.

2014，Justin Simien，Dear White People，Simon and Schuster, →ISBN，頁 97:

Of course, there is no bouncer, but we can be careful not to Columbus other culture's traditions.

2014年July6日，Brenda Salinas，“‘Columbusing’: The Art Of Discovering Something That Is Not New”, in NPR:

He then lists other things that have been Columbused, such as twerking by Miley Cyrus and hummus by “health conscious whities.”

2015，Frederic Charles Schaffer，Elucidating Social Science Concepts，Routledge, →ISBN，頁 54:


Courtois

非建制地區名，位於美國密蘇里州華盛頓縣。


Dar es Salaam

借自阿拉伯語 دَار اَلسَّلَام (dār as-salām，“和平之所”)。

/ˌdɑːɹ.ɛs.səˈlɑːm/

達累斯薩拉姆，三蘭港（坦桑尼亞最大城市，前首都）。


Darko

借自塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 Darko。

達科， 源自斯拉夫語族的男性人名。


DAT

Dental Admission Test (“牙科入學試”) 之首字母縮略詞。


Dionysus

通过拉丁語 Dionȳsus，源自古希臘語 Διόνῡσος (Diónūsos)。

All hail slain and risen God / All hail Dionysus / Come blessed Dionysus, various nam'd, bull-fac'd / Begot from the thunder, Bacchus fam'd


Disney

英語姓氏源自諾曼語，源自古法語 de (“……的，從……，來自……”) + Isigny (Calvados 一地名)。地名則請參見 Isigny-sur-Mer。現代用法多派生自人名 Walt Disney。

迪斯尼/迪士尼 源自古法語的姓氏。

迪斯尼/迪士尼 華特迪士尼公司，以華特·迪士尼命名

Have you seen Disney's latest film?

你看了迪士尼的最新電影了嗎？

迪斯尼/迪士尼 迪士尼樂園

We went to Disney with the kids this summer.

今年夏天我們跟孩子們一起去了迪士尼樂園。

And they included children down the seashore, they included going to the mountains; our first Disney child was not until 1978, no, ’77. […] I mean, when you say to somebody, “I’m going to give you a trip to Disney,” or “I’m going to buy you a Cabbage Patch doll,” and we’re doing this for you for absolutely nothing, that’s a reward in itself.

1990，Bill Berkowitz with Bill Sample (interviewee), Local Heroes，Lexington Books, →ISBN，頁 261:

If they found any phone number from the U.S., anything, they’d deport us right away because we came here on excursion with a whole bunch of people that was going to visit Disney. That’s what everybody usually do: They say, We going to visit Disney, and we going to stay there for a week, and then we going to go back, but they end up staying.

2008，Doug Stumpf，Confessions of a Wall Street Shoeshine Boy，HarperCollins, →ISBN，頁 155:

Angela asked if we could treat ourselves to a few days at Disney. […] The week included a couple of days in Disney, Dad’s 70ᵗʰ birthday and then the long trip home.

Angela 问我们是否可以去迪士尼乐园玩几天。 […] 这一周我们在迪士尼乐园玩了几天，庆祝了爸爸的70岁生日，然后是漫长的回家之旅。

I had decided to take them, my niece, and three nephews to Disney in Orlando, FL. I was going to try and make history. I was going to make an attempt at escorting more than four Dredd kids to Disney at once and live to tell about it.

我决定带他们——我的侄女和三个侄子去佛罗里达州奥兰多的迪士尼乐园。我打算创造历史。我打算尝试一下一次性护送四个以上《特警判官》里那样的孩子去迪士尼乐园，并且活着讲述这段经历。

2009，Cleo Stinyard III，Sex, Love, & Consequences, →ISBN，頁 213:

鎮名，位於美國俄克拉荷馬州梅斯，以美國前眾議院議員 Wesley E. Disney 命名。


Disneyland

Disneyland
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：迪斯尼乐园
* 正體中文：迪斯尼樂園


DNS

Direct Numerical Simulation (“直接數值模擬”)之首字母縮略詞。


Dorothea

源自古希臘語的女性人名，Dorothy 的拉丁語變體：多蘿西婭


dream pop

梦幻流行，一种带有迷离气氛的流行曲，多靠电子合成器造成，歌唱部分往往呼吸声重，歌词也往往有诗意色彩，


drein

dreins (third-person singular present)
dreining (present participle)
dreined (past participle)


drum and bass

鼓打貝斯，電子舞曲的一種。


electrophonic

與產生聲音的電子設備有關的

與這種電子設備產生出的聲音有關的


e-magazine

This does not necessarily mean that they will be more commercially successful, because the affiliated magazines have a huge audience base from which to draw on as compared to new e-magazines that have to start from scratch.

2008, Rita Watson, Menahem Blondheim, The Toronto School of Communication Theory

This may explain why the most popular e-magazines are fashion magazines, which account for 74 percent of magazines read online.

2010, James F. Scotton, William A. Hachten, New Media for a New China (page 72)


Entscheidungsproblem

/ɛntˈʃʌɪdʊŋsˌpɹɒbləm/


EPA

Environmental Protection Agency (“美國環境保護局”)之首字母縮略詞。

First the U.S. had to “show leadership” by promising to cut emissions, many self-styled climate hawks had argued during the debates over cap and trade and the president’s E.P.A. regulations, because then and only then the world’s developing economies would be pressured/shamed/persuaded into following along.

2014年November13日，Ross Douthat，“A Test For Climate Hawks”, in New York Times:


EPA

同類詞：APA、IPA

I’ve noticed that the chief distinguishing factor between American pale ales and their English counterparts is the hop taste — APAs all seem to finish with a metallic, grapefruit, or pine bitterness (it differs depending on who you talk to), while EPAs mostly seem to finish with a leafy, earthy hop profile that’s less explicitly bitter.

2014年February14日，Adam Cowden，“The Man Who Invented Beer: Three Floyds Pride and Joy”, in HEAVE Media:

Beers brewed: CB's branded beers include Caged Alpha Monkey, Canandaigua Lake Pale Ale, EPA (English Pale Ale), Double Dark Cream Porter, and many seasonals and oneoff beers.

2014，Lew Bryson, Don Cazentre，New York Breweries, →ISBN:

We had a bonus taster of an EPA, or English Pale Ale (IPA is Indian Pale Ale), which went by the name Rhythm Stick, and according my notes was delicious, and full of peachy aromas.

2015年April8日，Bianca Coleman，“Craft beers go down with great ease”, in Independent Online:

It’s the Black Swan EPA which is the brewery’s best seller and the one most frequently found in local restaurants.

2017年June30日，Wayne Newton，“Canada’s theatre jewel has tasty choices for food and drink to rival Stratford’s onstage offerings”, in London Free Press:

I'm a bit twitchy myself, thirsting for some more Marston's, so we crack some bottles of Marston's EPA (English Pale Ale) a light, citrusy, beer that's very refreshing, although perhaps not best drunk in the freezing dusk wind that's now storming inland.

2017年November17日，Nick Harman，“The Unbeatable Barley of Holkham”, in Foodepedia:

enduring power of attorney (“持久授權書”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：LPA


Jorge

源自西班牙語與葡萄牙語 Jorge，源自古希臘語 Γεώργιος (Geṓrgios)。George 的同源對似詞。

豪爾赫， 源自西班牙語和葡萄牙語的男性人名，等價於英語George


Ernie

男性人名 Ernest 的指小詞。


Evan

威爾士語 Ifan 的盎格魯化，最终源自拉丁語 Johannes，Ioannes 的變體，源自通用希臘語 Ἰωάννης (Iōánnēs)，源自希伯來語 יוֹחָנָן (Yōḥānān，字面意思是“神是仁慈的”)。John、Jack、Johan、Johann、Johannes、Jean、Ian、Ivan、Sean、Shaun、Shane和Giovanni 的同源對似詞。

源自威爾士語Ifan 的男性人名，等價於英語John；埃文

姓氏，Evans 的變體。


Evan

市名，位於美國明尼蘇達州; 以第一任郵政局長的妻子伊娃命名名，位於。


Santo Domingo

聖多明哥，聖多明各（首都名，位於多米尼加／多明尼加）

伊斯帕尼奧拉島的西班牙殖民地部分，後來成為多明尼加／多米尼加共和國

城鎮名，位於薩爾瓦多聖維森特department


Kain

源自愛爾蘭語的姓氏，Kane 的異體


scherzando

[乐] 诙谐地, 戏谑地, 戏谑地, 幽默地


Katar

Between Katar and the nearest limits of the province of Sharja, namely, the village of Aboo-Debee, the desert comes right down to the sea

在卡塔爾和沙迦省最近的邊界之間，即 Aboo-Debee 村，沙漠一直延伸到大海

1864，W.G. Palgrave，“Observations in Central, Eastern and Southern Arabia”, in Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London，卷 34，頁 145:

Katar, the pearl-fishery coast east of Hasa. Its inhabitants, said to be 135,000 in number, find an almost exclusive occupation in the pearl trade.

卡塔爾，哈薩以東的珍珠漁業海岸。 其居民人數據說有 135,000 人，幾乎以珍珠貿易為業。

1875，Day Otis Kellogg，“Arabia”, in Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature，卷 2，頁 222:


Kathmandu

借自尼泊爾語 काठमाडौं (kāṭhamāḍaũ)，源自梵語 काष्ठमण्डप (kāṣṭhamaṇḍapa)，源自 काष्ठ (kāṣṭha，“木頭”) + मण्डप (maṇḍapa，“亭子”)。

加德滿都（首都名，位於尼泊爾）


Khartoum

可能來自阿拉伯語 خُرْطُوم (ḵurṭūm，“象鼻”)，但更可能來自阿拉伯語قُرْطُم (qurṭum，“紅花”)。


Khmer

來自高棉語 ខ្មែរ (khmae)。歸因於巴利語詞彙khemara (“健康的人”)。省略形式ក្មេរ (kmera)可在古代石刻發現，或借用北部高棉語 เขมร (/khmɛːr/)。


Khmer

more Khmer (comparative)
most Khmer (superlative)


Kita

借自日語 北 (きた, Kita)。

北區（特別區名，位於日本東京）


Forster

* 英語本土姓氏：源自名詞 forester。
* 英語姓氏（另一種來源）：借自法語 fustrier (“做船上滑輪的人”)，源自 fustre (“梁木”)。
* 法語和諾曼語姓氏：源自古法語 forcetier (“切割者”)，源自 forcettes (“剪刀”)。
* 德語姓氏：Förster 和 Först 的異體，兩者均與 Forst (“森林”) 有關。

來自職業和轉變自地名的姓氏，出自工作或生活在森林裡的人

鎮名，位於澳大利亞新南威爾士州中北岸。


Fossil

源自名詞fossil，指的是當地發現的化石。

美國俄勒岡州城市，惠勒縣的縣治。


Fox

* (姓氏)： 源自 fox (“狐狸”)。

Foxtrot

字母 F 的無線電話明碼字

字母 F 的無線電話明碼字


Fox

* (姓氏)： 源自 fox (“狐狸”)。

轉變自普通名詞的姓氏，源於動物「狐狸」

福斯/福克斯廣播公司，美國大型電視網。

I watched a great show on Fox last night.

昨晚我在福斯電視台觀看了一場精彩的節目。

地名 多處地名，位於美國：

地名 郊區名，位於澳大利亞南澳大利亞州石灰岩海岸。


Fox

* (姓氏)： 源自 fox (“狐狸”)。

和萊斯特城足球俱樂部有關的人，包括粉絲、球員、教練等

The Foxes played with plenty of initiative in the original tie at the Walkers Stadium and they started this tie in impressively positive fashion, producing the game's first two chances: Andy King's goal-bound half-volley from Steve Howard's header down was tipped over by Joe Hart and Sol Bamba headed the resultant corner wide.

2011年January18日，Phil Dawkes，“Man City 4 - 2 Leicester”, in BBC:

Fox Indian的缩略形式：美洲原住民奧塔加米人或梅斯瓦基人的族人


Schubert

源自德語的姓氏；舒伯特 弗朗茨·舒伯特／法蘭茲·舒伯特，奧地利浪漫主義作曲家


Kobe

源自日語 神戸 (こうべ, Kōbe)。男子名科比源于科比的父母使用他们在餐馆菜单上看到的神户牛排为儿子命名。

神戶，日本城市，兵庫縣首府。


Koch

科奇語，主要使用於印度東部和孟加拉的一種語言


Koch

借自德語 Koch (“廚師”)，出自職業。


Scrabble

一個品牌名稱，名稱來自scrabble，是 James Brunot 1948年對 Alfred Butts 1938年的遊戲 Criss-Crosswords 進行了更名後的名稱。

一種桌遊，玩家抽字母牌，輪流出字，根據打出的字母及其在棋盤上的位置得分。

Start by asking students if they ever watch Wheel of Fortune, or play games like Hangman or Scrabble.® Ask whether they have ever noticed any patterns in the frequency with which letters appear.

2000, Eric T. Olson and Tammy Perry Olson, Real-Life Math: Statistics, Walch Publishing, ISBN 0825138639, page 56:

At the tournament level I dabble
But my tiles show a meaningless babble
I filled up my ranks
With a few extra blanks
And got busted for cheating at Scrabble

2012 August 18, Bill Kurtis, “Listener Limerick Challenge”, Wait Wait... Don’t Tell Me!, National Public Radio:


SDR

single data rate (“單倍資料速率”)之首字母縮略詞。

transversal

system of distinct representatives (“相異代表系”)之首字母縮略詞。

single data rate (“單倍資料速率”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：DDR、QDR、ODR

software defined radio (“軟體無線電”)之首字母縮略詞。

standard dynamic range (“標準動態範圍”)之首字母縮略詞。

surveillance detection route (“監督檢測路線”)之首字母縮略詞。

socially desirable responding (“社會期許反應”)之首字母縮略詞。


SDR

Sara Delano Roosevelt (“薩拉·德拉諾·羅斯福”)之首字母縮略詞。

One Sunday evening, after a long and discordant weekend, SDR wrote to “Dearest Franklin and dearest Eleanor” about her views regarding “noblesse oblige” and “honneur oblige.”

1993，Blanche Wiesen Cook，Eleanor Roosevelt，卷s 1: The Early Years, 1884–1933, Penguin, →ISBN:


Kongo

剛果語，一種用於中部非洲的班圖語族語言。


Kongo

more Kongo (comparative)
most Kongo (superlative)

In addition, an initial analysis of Kongo cosmology, cosmogony, and mythology allows us to see and appreciate the conceptual parallels between Kongo culture in Central Africa and in Cuba.

2013，Barbaro Martinez-Ruiz，Kongo Graphic Writing and Other Narratives of the Sign:


Gaborone

得名自chief Gaborone（哈博羅內酋長）。該名源自茨瓦納語 [具體何詞?] (“並非不適合”)，源自動詞rona (“不適合”)。

/ˌɡæbəˈɹəʊni/

哈博羅內，嘉柏隆里（首都名，位於博茨瓦納）。


Gaddafi

借自阿拉伯語 قَذَّافِيّ (qaḏḏāfiyy)。

穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲／穆安瑪爾·格達費／穆阿邁爾·卡達菲，前任利比亞實際最高領導者


gangsta rap

:Template:音樂Rap的一种，其内容多与都市罪案有关，充满暴力、色欲感受。


Set

借自科普特語 ⲥⲏⲧ (sēt)，源自埃及語 s-t:X (stẖ)。


Seth

借自古希臘語 Σήθ (Sḗth)，源自聖經希伯來語 שֵׁת (Šet，字面意思是“被選中的，被指定的，被安置的”)。

And Adam lived an hundred and thirty years, and begat a son in his own likeness, after his image; and called his name Seth:

亞當活到一百三十歲，生了一個兒子，形像樣式和自己相似，就給他起名叫塞特。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 5:3:

源自希伯來語的男性人名。

The children suggested names. In his childhood the ones they knew would have been unheard-of (Scott, Ross, Damian, Liam, Seth) or, strangely enough, too old-fashioned for popular use (Joshua, Simon, Jack, George).

2011年November17日，Ruth Rendell，Myth / The Astronomical Scarf / Walter's Leg (Storycuts)，Random House, →ISBN:

'David, Seth and Aaron,' said Emma. 'Biblical names. I wonder if either of the parents is religious.' 'Jewish?' said Sam. 'They sound Old Testament to me.'

“大卫、塞斯和亚伦，”艾玛说。“圣经里的名字。不知道他们的父母有没有宗教信仰。”“犹太人？”萨姆说。“在我看来，他们的名字听起来像是《旧约》里的。”

2021年December7日，Elly Griffiths，The Midnight Hour，Brighton Mysteries, →ISBN，頁 34:


Seth

借自古希臘語 Σήθ (Sḗth)，源自埃及語 s-t:X (stẖ)。


Shandong

山东省（中国东部沿海省份）。


Shanghai

源自官話 上海 (Shànghǎi)。

:Template:分類 上海，中國東部城市

Shanghai Communiqué

1978，理查德·尼克松，RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon[尼克松回憶錄]，Grosset & Dunlap, →ISBN，頁 576:


Shanghai

源自官話 上海 (Shànghǎi)。


Shanxi

源自汉语山西 (Shānxī)的拼音Shānxī。

山西，中国华北省份之一。


Shenzhen

源自官話 深圳 (Shēnzhèn)。


Siren

原本應該叫做 Syren，源自瑞典語 syren (“丁香”)，但後來美國郵政署以為是拼錯而“糾正”成了 Siren。

村，縣城名，位於美國威斯康辛州伯奈特。

鎮名，位於美國威斯康辛州伯奈特，包圍著同名的村


Gelsenkirchen

蓋爾森基興（德國北萊茵-威斯特法倫州城市）。


gemach

借自希伯來語 גמ״ח。

為正統派猶太人設立的免費貸款基金


Gemütlichkeit

gemuetlichkeit (alternative)
gemutlichkeit (alternative)

德語式拼寫Gemütlichkeit和英語化的gemutlichkeit（有時也作gemuetlichkeit）均有使用。英語化的詞形將首字母大寫改為小寫，並替換掉了變音符。兩式混合的 *Gemutlichkeit 或 *gemütlichkeit 一般認為是錯誤拼寫。

舒適，閒適，愜意，愉快的氛圍。

John never got over contrasting her taste in clothes coupled with her experiments in domestic interiors and gemutlichkeit.

[…] and Vincent Sheean "the king of gemutlichkeit".

1967，George Thayer，The Farther Shore of Politics，Simon and Schuster:

[…] where’d they all come from, these gray hustlers, what shadows in the Gemütlichkeit of the day were harboring them?

Mr. Corde believes in gemutlichkeit more than in public welfare.

Once the nation's largest producer of beer, it still is known as a brewing capital, and is famous for its gemutlichkeit (friendly hospitality).

1995年November12日，Brenda Warner Rotzoll，“Milwaukee: A Metropolitan Playground Within Reach”, in Chicago Tribune, TRAVEL，頁 1:

Once upon a time, intellectuals knew they could do their best thinking at home, not in a public venue, and that debate would be helped along by food and drink. But is such gemütlichkeit possible in this country in 2012, when our young century has already been strafed by culture wars and juvenile attack ads?

2012年August22日，Mark Oppenheimer，“After Dinner, the Fireworks”, in The New York Times:


Kubik

源自捷克語 Kubík 或波蘭語 Kubik。


Kurdistan

Kurdistan
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：库尔德斯坦
* 正體中文：庫爾德斯坦


Lakritz

Lakritzes (plural)
Lakritze (alternative)


speed metal

速度金属，重金屬音樂的一種。


lamivudine

源自[具體何詞?] + -vudine (“齐多夫定衍生物”)。


Lapland

拉普兰，位于斯堪的纳维亚半岛北部


Las Vegas

借自西班牙語 las vegas (“牧草地”)。

拉斯維加斯：城市名，位於美國內華達州，因賭博業而聞名

拉斯維加斯：城市名，位於美國新墨西哥州


Spitzbergen

源自德語 Spitzbergen，源自荷蘭語 Spitsbergen 的德語化拼寫。


Lawrence

劳伦斯，英語男性名字，在美式英语中常拼作Laurence。


glam metal

一種起於1980年代的重金屬音樂，受華麗搖滾（glam rock）的影響。


SSE

Streaming SIMD Extensions (“單指令多數據流擴展”)之首字母縮略詞。

Standard Scottish English/Scottish Standard English (“標準蘇格蘭英語/蘇格蘭標準英語”)之首字母縮略詞。

There are currently a few alternative technologies for pushing events to the browser: Server-Sent Events (SSE) and WebSocket.

2012, Django push: Using Server-Sent Events and WebSocket with Django, Curella. https://web.archive.org/web/20121115183325/http://curella.org/blog/django-push-using-server-sent-events-and-websocket/

WebSockets is the optimal transport, but other techniques like Server-Sent Events (SSE) and Long Polling are used when other options aren't available. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-au/azure/azure-signalr/signalr-overview

2024，What is Azure SignalR Service?，Microsoft:


Lettland

[…] homestead of this nation is not the whole of Livonia, but only a part of which is called Lettland; […]

1800，William Tools，View of the Russian Empire:

The Government of Lettland since July 1 last pays a bonus on farm tractors put into service in that country […]


grindcore

碾核，一種类似朋克的重金屬音乐，主唱低鸣深沉的狂吼咆哮、电吉他麻辣的音色再加上极快速的反复节拍及密集鼓点，构成一种几无旋律的重金属乐风。


Stephan

源自古希臘語 στεφανίζω (stephanízō，“為……加冕”) & 古希臘語 στέφανος (stéphanos，“環繞者；王冠；花環”)。

非建制地區名，位於美國南達科他州海德。


Lionel

法語 Léon 進入中古英語的指小詞，源自拉丁語 Leo (“獅子”)，或是中古英語的暱稱 Lion + -el (指小後綴)。


Guangzhou

源自官話 廣州／广州 (Guǎngzhōu)的拼音。

/ˈɡwɑŋˈdʒoʊ/

廣州，中國華南城市，廣東省的省會。


Liu

源自數個漢語姓氏（特別是劉），其發音來自官話。Lau, Luu 的同源對似詞。

源自漢語的姓氏。 源自官話的姓氏。


Stockholms

Stockholm 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


STP

標準溫度和壓力（standard temperature and pressure之缩写）


Hades

Hades
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：阴间
* 正體中文：陰間


Lopez

來自西班牙語 López。

洛佩斯，源自西班牙語的姓氏


Hagen

哈根（城市名，位於德國北莱茵-威斯特法倫州邦／北萊茵-西發利亞邦）


Hagen

對照古英語 Hagena、中世紀拉丁語 Hagano。

日耳曼傳說中的勃艮地英雄。


haha

ha ha (alternative)
ha-ha (alternative)
hah hah (alternative)

可以與多個“ha”一起使用以表示強調。


haha

借自法語 haha。法語詞最早可考於1686年的新法蘭西（今魁北克）的地名中；比較現代地名圣路易迪阿！阿！（Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!）。一般認為這個詞是用於表達驚訝——“哈哈”或“啊！啊！”因遇到這樣的界線而驚呼。在法國，傳統上認為本詞來自大太子路易在莫頓宮的花園中遇到這種景象的反應。英語詞最早可考於1712年，由約翰詹姆斯翻譯法國作家Dezallier d'Argenville寫於1709年的著作“La theorie et la pratique du jardinage”：
Grills of iron are very necessary ornaments in the lines of walks, to extend the view, and to show the country to advantage. At present we frequently make thoroughviews, called Ah, Ah, which are openings in the walls, without grills, to the very level of the walks, with a large and deep ditch at the foot of them, lined on both sides to sustain the earth, and prevent the getting over; which surprises the eye upon coming near it, and makes one laugh, Ha! Ha! from where it takes its name. This sort of opening is haha, on some occasions, to be preferred, for that it does not at all interrupt the prospect, as the bars of a grill do.

花園、遊樂場或公園的邊界類型，旨在不干擾視線，並且在靠近之前不可見。

The Ha Ha But the capital stroke, the leading step to all that, has followed, was (I believe the first thought was Bridgman's) the destruction of walls for boundaries, and the invention of fosses - an attempt then deemed so astonishing, that the common people called them Ha! Ha's! to express their surprise at finding a sudden and unperceived check to their walk. One of the first gardens planted in this simple though still formal style was my father's at Houghton. It was laid out by Mr. Eyre, an imitator of Bridgman. It contains three-and-twenty acres, then reckoned a considerable portion.

1785, Horace Walpole, On Modern Gardening:

Haha! or Fossee, are Terms of the same Signification, tho' the First is a new coin'd Word, they mean a Ditch, or Moat to Enclose a Garden, whether the Ditch has Water in it, or not, but the Haha, by the Custom of five or six Years, intimates a dry Ditch, so regulated by Slopes, and so Deep that it is unpassable. It makes a fine open Fence to a Ground.

1731, Richard Bradley, New improvements of planting and gardening, both philosophical and practical (London), page 164:

And then that pair went off together, fighting their own little battle on that head, as turtle-doves will sometimes do. They went off, and Bernard was left with Bell standing together over the ha-ha fence which divides the garden at the back of the house from the field.

1862, Anthony Trollope, The Small House at Allington, chapter VIII:


Maastricht

借自荷蘭語 Maastricht，最终源自拉丁語 Mosae Trāiectum。

馬斯特里赫特，馬斯垂克（城市及市鎮及首府名，位於荷蘭林堡）


Madison

Madison
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：麦迪逊
* 正體中文：麥迪遜


Magdeburg

/ˈmaɡdəbɜːɡ/

馬格德堡，首府名，位於德國薩克森-安哈爾特state，易北河邊。

馬格德堡公國，歷史上在該地區的公國

Since the reign of Charlemagne, this country is divided into High and Low Germany... the provinces of Lower Germany towards the north conſiſt of the Low Country of the Rhine, Triers, Cologn, Mentz, Weſtphalia, Heſſe, Brunſwic, Miſnia, Luſatia, High Saxony upon the Elbe, Low Saxony upon the Elbe, Mecklenburg, Lauenburg, Brandenburg, Magdeburg, and Pomerania.

1759，George Sale et al.，The Modern Part of an Universal History，卷 XXIX: History of the German Empire，頁 2:


Harare

借自修納語 Harare，一般認為來自 haarari (“它不睡覺”)，指的是瀑布。

哈拉雷（首都名，位於津巴布韋），舊名 Salisbury

Outside, the city meandered on more fluidly, like a river of precious things and possibilities. For Harare was wealthy in those days.

2006，Tsitsi Dangarembga，The Book of Not，Faber & Faber Limited (2021)，頁s 252–253:

哈拉雷（省名，位於津巴布韋），包圍了同名的首都


Mahdi

借自阿拉伯語 مَهْدِيّ (mahdiyy，“...”)。

馬赫迪 (伊斯蘭教的救世主)

Ahmadis consider Mirza Ghulam Ahmed to be the Mahdi.

"Of course, my Lord. You asked what they were shouting, though. It was Mahdi! They directed the term at the young master. When they-"
"At Paul?"
"Yes, my Lord. They've a legend here, a prophecy, that a leader will come to them, a child of a Bene Gesserit, to lead them to true freedom. It follows the familiar messiah pattern."

1965，Frank Herbert，Dune (Fiction), →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁s 100–101:

Al-Afghani was a polyglot Persian who became an international agitator, aspiring [...] to unify the Muslim masses behind the Caliph (or even the Mahdi) and to become himself the Luther of an Islamic reformation.

2012，Piers Brendon, ‘Beginning the Dissent’，Literary Review，卷 401:

穆罕默德·馬赫迪·蒙塔扎爾

How can the scholars now be considered more important than the Mahdi himself?

2024年December24日，Husam AlHakim，The Shia Terrorist Threatening to Cut Off Our Heads:


Malaya

Malaya
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：马来
* 正體中文：馬來


Suomi

源自芬蘭語 Suomi。


supranational

超國家的，多國的，跨國的

同類詞：infranational、intranational、national、transnational、international

Global warming is a supranational problem.

全球暖化是一個超國家的問題。

The Systems Alliance is an independent supranational government representing the interests of humanity as a whole. The Alliance is responsible for the governance and defense of all extra-solar colonies and stations. […]

星系联盟是一个独立的超国家政府，代表全人类的利益。星系联盟负责所有太阳系外殖民地和空间站的治理和防御。 […]

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect，Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：Systems Alliance Codex entry:

If its Middle-earth series becomes must-see TV around the world, it would mean millions of new devoted subscribers in the Amazon Prime fellowship, collectively paying billions of dollars, lured by a fleet of dwarves, elves, and hobbits that would, one might say, rule their shopping behaviors and bind them to one supranational force.

2017年November13日，Derek Thompson，“Why Amazon Thinks You Want to Watch a ‘Lord of the Rings’ TV Show (or Five)”, in The Atlantic:


supranational

同類詞：national、transnational、international

This segment of issuers is known as the supranationals, or supras. Together with regional and agency borrowers, the bonds issued by supranationals form a bond market segment known as SSA (supras, sub-sovereigns and agencies).

2021，Alexander During，Fixed Income Trading and Risk Management: The Complete Guide，John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN，頁 147:


Managua

借自西班牙語 Managua。

馬納瓜，馬拿瓜（首都名，位於尼加拉瓜）

馬納瓜，馬拿瓜（省名，位於尼加拉瓜）


Manchester

Manchester
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：曼彻斯特
* 正體中文：曼徹斯特


Hauser

地名
w:豪瑟 (愛達荷州)（城市名，位於美國愛達荷州庫特內縣）

地名 非建制地區名，位於美國俄勒岡州庫斯縣


Mandela

源自科薩語的科薩語姓氏，因納爾遜·曼德拉而知名


synthpop

用合成器及其他电子乐器（如电脑及鼓机）炮制出来的流行乐。


Hefei

:Template:分類 合肥，中國安徽省省會城市。


Heidelberg

來自德語 Heidelberg，來自不確定詞彙和Berg (“山”)。

海德堡（非郡轄城市名，位於德國巴登-符騰堡州）


Heilongjiang

源自官話 黑龍江／黑龙江 (Hēilóngjiāng)。


Taipeh

來自官話（老南京話）臺北／台北的郵政式拼音。

Taipei的過時拼法。

In August 1950 the Council rejected its Russian president’s proposal that a Peking representative should be invited under Article 32. This would have implied recognition of communist China as a state; and the Council, by a slim majority, was committed to the view that China was still legally represented by the government that had fled to Taipeh in 1949.

1971，Andrew Boyd，Fifteen Men on a Powder Keg: a History of the U.N. Security Council，New York: Stein and Day, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 127:

The Republic of China had to withdraw from the UN as early as 1971; most of the world's countries maintain diplomatic relations with Peking only. Taipeh has thus become a political outcast.

1984，Xing-hu Kuo，譯者 Barrows Mussey, Free China Asian Economic Miracle，Germany: Seewald Publisher, →ISBN, →OCLC，頁 7:

The 452m/ l,484ft-high Petronas Towers stand in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) and the »king of skyscrapers« is the 509m/ 1,670ft Taipeh 101 in Taipeh, the capital city of Taiwan.

2012，Achim Bourmer，New York，Baedeker, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 231:


Takahashi

高梁（城市名，位於日本岡山）


Tallinn

借自愛沙尼亞語 Tallinn，等同於 Taani (“丹麥”) + linn (“城鎮”，原指“城堡”)。

塔林（首都名，位於愛沙尼亞）。


Tamaulipas

塔毛利帕斯（州名，位於墨西哥）


Marshall Islands

馬紹爾群島（大洋洲島嶼國家；法定名稱：Republic of the Marshall Islands；首都及最大城市：Majuro）。

There, in that emptiness, the typhoon is organising. For the last twenty-four hours it’s been shifting west, by now past the Marshall Islands, that fragile tracery of sinking lands so piecemeal and storm-worn.

2023，Samantha Harvey，Orbital，Jonathan Cape，頁 23:

Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Tien Chung-kwang (田中光) then outlined the trip itinerary, stating that President Lai will visit the three Pacific allies in the following order: the Marshall Islands, Tuvalu, and then Palau. He said that during his time in the Marshall Islands, the president will meet with President Heine and her cabinet and with Speaker of the Nitijela (parliament) Brenson Wase, adding that the president will also address the Nitijela, attend a ceremony marking the completion of the Majuro Hospital AI and Telemedicine Center, and attend a state banquet hosted by President Heine.

2024年November22日，“President Lai to lead delegation on visit to the Marshall Islands, Tuvalu, and Palau”, in Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan) [中華民國總統府]，存檔自the original on 2024-11-22, News releases:


Tannenbaum

Oh, Tannenbaum, oh, Tannenbaum, how lovely are thy branches.

聖誕樹啊，聖誕樹，你的樹枝是多麼可愛。

Local newspapers covered the story of how Santa Claus had helped the Tannenbaum.

当地报纸报道了圣诞老人帮助圣诞树的故事。


tanto

借自日語 短刀 (tantō たんとう)。


tanto

借自意大利語 tanto。


Maseru

馬塞盧，馬賽魯（萊索托／賴索托首都）。


Mass

源自中古英語 messe ← 古英語 mæsse，古法語 messe ← 晚期拉丁語 missa ← 拉丁語 mittō (“送走”)，對比法語 messe。


Hermes

源自古希臘語 Ἑρμῆς (Hermês)，其詞義與來源存在爭議，可能來自非印歐語系底層語言或原始印歐語 *ser- (“捆綁,組合”)。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Hermes.wav

埃及神祇托特，與希臘赫耳墨斯混同


Hermes

雙面方柱頭像（常見於古希臘雕塑）


Mato Grosso

馬托格羅索（州名，位於巴西中西部；首都：Cuiabá）


Maurice

源自晚期拉丁語 Mauritius，派生自Maurus (“摩爾人；黝黑的”)。

莫里斯（男子名）:Template:分類


Themis

來自古希臘語 Θέμις (Thémis)。

忒彌斯 （一位提坦，代表神聖秩序、法律和習俗的化身，大帝女神蓋婭和天神烏拉諾斯的女兒，宙斯妻子，普羅米修斯母親）


Merkel

默克尔，梅克尔，麦克尔（姓氏）


Thimphu

借自宗喀語 ཐིམ་ཕུ (thim phu)。

Bhutan, the tiny 'Land of the Thunder Dragon' in South Asia, is a polar contrast to what one might associate with any of its closest neighbors, China, India, Nepal, or Bangladesh. For instance, Thimphu, its most populous city, is the only capital city in the world without a single traffic light. The city’s busiest intersection is still managed by a traffic policeman directing vehicles using flamboyant hand movements accentuated by his white gloves – apparently all the traffic intervention the 114,000 residents need.

不丹，南亚的“雷龙之国”，与其近邻中国、印度、尼泊尔或孟加拉国的形象截然相反。例如，其人口最多的城市廷布，是世界上唯一一个没有红绿灯的首都。这座城市最繁忙的十字路口仍然由一名交通警察管理，他戴着白手套，挥舞着夸张的手势指挥车辆——这似乎就是全城11.4万居民所需要的全部交通干预措施。

2024年September16日，“A fledgling democracy, Bhutan aims for gender equality and public engagement in governing [作为一个新兴民主国家，不丹致力于实现性别平等和公众参与治理]”, in Deutsche Welle，存檔自the original on 2024-09-19, Asia:


Hoffmann

Hoffman的另一種拼寫法；姓氏。


Tianjin

源自官話 天津 (Tiānjīn)。


Tigris

源自拉丁語 Tigris，源自古希臘語 Τίγρις (Tígris)、Τίγρης (Tígrēs)，源自古波斯語 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠 (Tigrā)，源自阿卡德語 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (^(ÍD)Idiqlat)，源自蘇美爾語 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (^(ÍD)Idigna, ^(ÍD)Idigina，字面意思是“快如箭”)。


house call

经纪公司催缴通知, 经纪行通知客户保证金账户的资本金低于最低要求，客户必须存入更多现金或证券


HTML

Hypertext Markup Language (“超文本標記語言”)之首字母縮略詞。


Tonghua

通化，中國吉林省城市 :Template:分類


Hymen

來自古希臘語 Ὑμήν (Humḗn，“海曼”)或Ὑμέναιος (Huménaios，“海曼”)。

"By the saffron robe of Hymen," cried Lord Norbourne, "but that would be a blessing! I own that I am no great friend to marriage in general; [...] If a young man has his way to make in the world, a wife is a dead weight upon his hands.

1837，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Ethel Churchill，卷 1，頁 131:


Ibrahim

詞源樹
阿拉伯語 إِبْرَاهِيم (ʔibrāhīm)bor.
英語 Ibrahim
音譯自阿拉伯語 إِبْرَاهِيم (ʔibrāhīm)。Abraham 的同源對似詞。

易卜拉欣（伊斯蘭教先知）


Ichiro

借自日語 いちろう (Ichirō)。


IDE

integrated development environment (“整合開發環境”)之首字母縮略詞。

integrated drive electronics (“整合裝置電路”)之首字母縮略詞。


trip hop

神游舞曲、吹泡音乐，英伦/欧洲跳舞音乐的一种。


Montevideo

有共識認定前兩個音節來自西班牙語或葡萄牙語 monte (“山丘”)，指的是城西一處顯眼的山丘。但其他地方的詞源則有爭議。其中兩個最為著名的說法分別認為來自短語“從東到西的第六座山丘”的簡寫 MONTE-VI-D-E-O，及來自葡萄牙水手見到此地時喊出的“Monte vide eu”（“我所見之山”）。

/ˌmɒntɪvɪˈdeɪəʊ/

蒙得維的亞，蒙特維多（首都名，位於烏拉圭）。

蒙得維的亞（城市，縣城名，位於美國明尼蘇達州契皮瓦）。


Motor

Mator (“薩莫耶德語族”)的另一種寫法


turbulent

adj. 騷動的，騷亂的；動蕩的；混亂的


Indianapolis

源自英語 Indiana + 古希臘語 πόλις (pólis，“城邦”)，等價於Indiana + -polis。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Idianapolis.wav

印第安納波利斯（美國印第安納州州城市和州府）。

Indianapolis Motor Speedway (“印第安納波利斯賽車場”)的缩略形式


使用MPEG Layer II格式的音頻串流檔案


Muammar

借自阿拉伯語 مُعَمَّر (muʕammar)。

穆阿邁爾， 源自阿拉伯語的男性人名。


Mujica

源自西班牙語 [in turn 源自巴斯克語]的姓氏。


N'Djamena

1973年乍得總統將該城市名稱從原名Fort-Lamy改爲現名。

/ənd͡ʒɑːˈmeɪnɑː/


interj.

interj的另一種寫法


Nairobi

借自馬賽語 enkare nyrobi (“冷水；冷河”)，內羅畢河名稱。

內羅畢，奈洛比（首都名，位於肯尼亞）。

By 1899 the railhead had reached the further edge of the Athi Plain at mile 315, and halted while the survey parties went ahead, and a supply base was established at the foot of the hills. This spot has become Nairobi.

1950 April，Timothy H. Cobb，“The Kenya-Uganda Railway”, in Railway Magazine，頁 262:


Nantong

借自官話 南通 (Nántōng)。

南通（地級市名，位於中國江蘇）。

The eastern Chinese city of Nantong, with a population of more than 7 million, has introduced a new rule to ban near-term resale of certain cheap homes in the latest step by authorities in the country to curb property market speculation.
On Wednesday the government of Nantong, near Shanghai and a number of other port cities, said property buyers who have bought new homes at prices much lower than the market average are not allowed to resell their properties for five years.

人口超过700万的华东城市南通，近日出台了一项新规定，禁止在短期内转售某些廉价住房，这是中国当局为抑制房地产市场投机而采取的最新举措。
周三，毗邻上海和其他一些港口城市的南通市政府表示，以远低于市场平均价格购买新房的购房者五年内不得转售其房产。

2019年December25日，Lusha Zhang, Ryan Woo，“China's Nantong city imposes five-year ban on resale of cheap homes to curb speculation [中国南通市实施五年低价房转售禁令，以抑制投机]”, in Reuters，存檔自the original on 2019-12-26, Business News:

Nantong city, located in the eastern province of Jiangsu, was among the hardest-hit when the extreme weather swept the Yangtze Delta on Friday night, according to state-affiliated newspaper Global Times.

据官方报纸《环球时报》报道，周五晚间，极端天气席卷长江三角洲，位于江苏省东部的南通市是受灾最严重的城市之一。

2021年May2日，“Extreme weather kills 11, injures 102 in eastern China [极端天气在中国东部造成11人死亡，102人受伤]”, in AP News，源於 Beijing (AP)，存檔自the original on 2021-05-01:


NB

nota bene之首字母縮略詞；注意

NB: Do not write below this line.

注意：不要寫在本行下面。


NB

northbound (“北向的”)之首字母縮略詞。

Park Avenue and 42nd Street Prohibit parking on the NB lanes to provide 2 RT / 1 LT lanes; adjust signal timing to provide protected NB movement.

2001, East Side Access in New York, Queens, and Bronx Counties, New York, and Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York: Environmental Impact Statement, page 50:

Prior to rubblization, severely distressed joints and / or cracks were documented in the NB lanes.

2011, Irene K. Battaglia, Investigation of Early Distress in Wisconsin Rubblized Pavements, page 23:

non-binary (“非二元的”)之首字母縮略詞。

'If I come up with an idea in a meeting, it gets ignored until one of the guys says the exact same thing and then everybody listens to him. And don't even get me started on how hard it is to get promoted.' 'Being an NB person, I get very used to being misgendered.'

2017, Alex Iantaffi, Meg-John Barker, How to Understand Your Gender: A Practical Guide for Exploring Who You Are, Jessica Kingsley Publishers (ISBN 9781784505172), page 75:

Sexual health for trans/non-binary people / Service provision

2019, Laura Mitchell, Bridie Howe, D. Ashley Price, Babiker Elawad, K. Nathan Sankar, Oxford Handbook of GUM and HIV, Oxford University Press (ISBN 9780198783497), page 46:

nonblack (“非黑色的”)之首字母縮略詞。

Perhaps stress-strain testing appears to be superior to ODC testing in between-lab operations, because it is an older and more established test technique. Part 2 of Table 10.A9 allows a comparison for non-black (NB) and black (B) testing.

(我們可以確定引用的日期嗎？), Basic Rubber Testing, ASTM International, page 202:

The number lying to the right of a given income class indicates the probability of a family, Black (B) and non-Black (NB), living in the designated census tract, earning an income within that income class.

1972, Savannah State College (Ga.), Faculty Research Edition of the Savannah State College Bulletin

*Plaintiffs could argue that their position vis-a-vis the non-black (NB) casuals was discriminatory, […]


NB

NASA research bomber plane (“美國國家航空航天局研究用轟炸機”)之首字母縮略詞。 （前綴代碼）

national best (“全國最好成績”)之首字母縮略詞。

newborn (“新生兒”)之縮寫。

Newborns (NBs) with a birth weight between […]

2006, Asim Kurjak, Frank A. Chervenak, Textbook of Perinatal Medicine, CRC Press (ISBN 9781439814697), page 1348:

NBs are also seen in newborns and may be detected in the fetus by antenatal imaging, most often associated with favourable prognostic features. Common sites for primary NB are the adrenal glands (48%), extraadrenal retroperitoneum […]

2014, Andy Adam, Adrian K. Dixon, Jonathan H Gillard, Cornelia Schaefer-Prokop, Ronald G. Grainger, David J. Allison, Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology E-Book, Elsevier Health Sciences (ISBN 9780702061288), page 1972:


NB

New Brunswick (“新不倫瑞克省，紐賓士域省”)之首字母縮略詞，加拿大的一個省

同類詞：AB、BC、MB、NL、NS、NT、NU、ON、PE、QC、SK、YT


underpricing

定价太低，价格比实际价值要低。


IPTV

Internet Protocol television (“网络电视”)之首字母縮略詞。

每一千台車的返修率（Incidents Per Thousand Vehicles）


Ivan

借自俄語 Ива́н (Iván)，源自數種斯拉夫語族語言的 Ivan。John 的同源對似詞，也是其親緣詞 Evan、Giovanni、Ian、Johann和Sean 等的同源對似詞。

Amy's husband was called Ivan. Ivan the Terrible, Barry always called him, naturally. 'Ivan? What kind of name is that?' he said to Tracy after Amy's engagement was announced. 'Bloody Russian.'
'Actually, I think it's because he had a Norwegian grandfather', Tracy said.
'Norwegian?' Barry said incredulously, as if she'd just announced that Ivan's family came from the moon.

2010，Kate Atkinson，Started Early, took My Dog，Doubleday, →ISBN，頁 66:

俄語男性名字 Ива́н (Iván) 的轉寫。

馬其頓語男性名字 Иван (Ivan) 的轉寫。

Ivan is yelling curses at his friends.

俄國人正在大聲咒罵他的朋友。

俄羅斯人（集體、人格化）

Ivan is planning an attack on our flank.

俄國人正打算攻擊我們的側翼。

I’m sure whoever was in charge must have been one of the last of the Fulda Fucktards, you know, those generals who spent their nard-drop years training to defend West Germany from Ivan.


Ivan

Evan，的罕見變體，源自威爾士語 Ifan，即英語 John 的威爾士語等價詞。

Dafydd ap Ivan ap Einion, an adherent to the house of Lancaster held out, in Harlech Castle, for nine years after the accession of Edward the Fourth to the throne of England.

1833，George Newenham Wright，Scenes in North Wales，T. T. and J. Tegg，頁 137:


Jäger

jaeger的另一種寫法


New Orleans

Big Easy

新奧爾良，紐奧良（美國路易斯安那州最大城市）

Crescent City

新奧爾良，紐奧良（美國路易斯安那州最大城市）

新奧爾良，紐奧良（美國路易斯安那州最大城市）


jailbait

gaolbait (alternative)
jail bait (alternative)
jail-bait (alternative)
jailbaits (plural)

“禍水妞”，與其發生性行為即構成強姦罪的未成年女性。

"The first time she modelled for Edward Weston, in March 1934, Charis Wilson knew she didn’t look good. At 20 she was “a piece of jailbait”, a mere child, especially with the stumpy plaits into which she sometimes twisted her hair."

2009，The Economist，Charis Wilson, model and writer, died on November 20th, aged 95:


Jakarta

源自印尼語 Jakarta < 梵語 जयकर्ता (jayakartā，“帶來勝利者”)。

/d͡ʒəˈkɑː(ɹ)tə/

Batavia

雅加達（印度尼西亞首都和省）。

雅加達（印度尼西亞首都和省）。

And in fact, forgetting the past was easy to do in Indonesia. Jakarta was still a sleepy backwater in those days, with few buildings over four or five stories high, cycle rickshaws outnumbering cars, the city center and wealthier sections of town—with their colonial elegance and lush, well-tended lawns—quickly giving way to clots of small villages with unpaved roads and open sewers, dusty markets, and shanties of mud and brick and plywood and corrugated iron that tumbled down gentle banks to murky rivers where families bathed and washed laundry like pilgrims in the Ganges.

事实上，在印度尼西亚，忘记过去很容易。那时的雅加达还是一片死寂的穷乡僻壤，几乎没有四五层楼以上的建筑，人力车比汽车多，市中心和较富裕的城区——有着殖民时期的雅致环境和郁郁葱葱、受到精心照料的草坪的那片地方——没走多远景色就换成了一片片小村庄，里头有未铺砌的道路和露天下水道、尘土飞扬的市场，还有泥土、砖块、胶合板和波纹铁皮搭建的棚屋，它们顺着平缓的河岸一路蔓延到浑浊的河流中，一家家在那里洗澡、洗衣服，就像恒河里的朝圣者一样。

2006，巴拉克·奧巴馬，The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream [無畏的希望：重申美國夢]，New York, N.Y.: Crown Publishers, →ISBN，頁 273:

In an effort to make sure the referendum would not take place or that the Timorese would at least approve the outcome desired by Jakarta, the Indonesians launched yet another campaign of terror and killings, the violence dramatically increasing in the months before the UN agreement and culminating in the weeks after the vote on August 30.

为了确保全民公投不会举行，或者东帝汶人至少会认可雅加达所期望的结果，印尼人再次发起了一轮恐怖和杀戮，暴力事件在联合国达成协议前的几个月里急剧增加，并在8月30日投票后的几周内达到顶峰。

2010，Edward Herman, David Peterson，The Politics of Genocide，New York: Monthly Review Press, →ISBN，頁 90:


Jeans

源自父名學的姓氏，衍生自John的中世紀變體。


Ningxia

源自官話 寧夏／宁夏 (Níngxià)。

寧夏，中國西北部自治區名


Noah

源自聖經希伯來語 נֹחַ (nóakh, nṓaḥ)。

Now, on the night the baby Lord Jesus was born in that stable in Bethlehem, several came to bow down to him and his mother the lady Mary. They were three powerful warlords known as the Magi who brought many fine gifts. And still another, a wonderful man, a sea captain named Noah came to visit Jesus. His ship was called Noah's Ark. The Lord Jesus liked this Noah for he was a wise man, especially in the ways of animals whom he often took sailing in his Ark. This man, Noah was born long before the Lord Jesus but men in those days lived to be very old. So, no one can be sure, no one at all, that Noah did not visit Jesus in that stable in Bethlehem.

1958，片头起1:15:49, in The Inn of the Sixth Happiness [六福客棧], →OCLC:

But records of the first dynasty, that of the Xia, contain stories of a Great Flood with a Noah-like savior, the Emperor Yu, who gained the mandate of heaven after dredging canals to dispel the floodwaters and make the land safe. Historians have long wondered whether this flood account was a creation-style myth, the folk memory of a real event, or some mixture of the two. Some have dismissed the story of Emperor Yu as a fiction intended to justify centralized rule and, in the absence of any evidence of a massive flood at the time, many have regarded the stories of the Xia dynasty as more myth than history.

但第一个朝代夏朝的记载中却记载了一场大洪水，而救世主则是像诺亚一样的禹王，他疏通了运河，驱散了洪水，保卫了天下。历史学家们一直想知道，这场洪水的记载是创世神话，还是民间对真实事件的记忆，或者是两者的混合。有些人认为禹王的故事是虚构的，目的是为中央集权统治辩护，而且由于当时没有任何证据表明发生过大洪水，许多人认为夏朝的故事更像是神话，而不是历史。

2016年August4日，Nicholas Wade，“Scientific Evidence of Flood May Give Credence to Legend of China’s First Dynasty [洪水的科学证据可能证实了中国第一个王朝的传说]”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2016-08-04, Science:

源自希伯來語的男性人名。

Easy to account for those trends - but what of post-Vietnam America and its generation of little Noahs? Were we expecting a flood momentarily?

1984，Erica Jong，Parachutes & Kisses, →ISBN，頁 354:

努哈章，古蘭經的第71章


Noah

詞根
 נ־ו־ע
源自聖經希伯來語 נֹעָה (no`áh)。


Noah

澳大利亞押韻俚語 Noah's ark (“鯊魚”) 的縮略。

I pulled the line in. There was a head on the end. That′s all – just the fish′s head, the body had been bitten off.
Then Team-man pulled in a head. So did the old man.
‘Noahs. That′s the end of that,’ said the old man. ‘Looks like we′re going anyway.’

1998，Phillip Gwynne，Deadly Unna?，unnumbered 頁:

Balloon fishing from the rock when the winds are correct can be a very productive way to target big mackerel and tuna, however the large number of sharks means that you will spend plenty of time battling unstoppable noahs between decent macks.

2003, Kurt Blanksby, Fishing Guide to Western Australia, Revised and updated 2010, page 38,

It looks like Jim and Rene are going ahead of us to chase away any big Noahs that might be lurking around.” Scott grinned to show that it was a joke and Jim waved to the group in acknowledgement.
“What do you mean ‘Noahs’?” asked a hefty millionaire from Minneapolis.
“Noah′s Arks,” one of the Australians answered for Scott. “Sharks.”

2006，Andrew Whitehead，Solomon Quest，頁 91:


Nobel

源自瑞典語 Nobel。

諾貝爾，源自瑞典語的姓氏，特別指瑞典化學家、發明家和慈善家阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾。


Nobel

源自瑞典語 Nobel。

a Nobel-winning author


Nord

北部省（省名，位於法國上法蘭西）。

北部省（省名，位於海地）。

人口普查指定地區名，位於美國加利福尼亞州布尤特郡。


Urban

拉丁語 Urbānus，也是八位早期教皇的名字，源自 urbānus (“城市的，城鎮的”)。Orban 的同源對似詞。

耳巴奴，一位早期基督徒，在不同譯本中也作 Urbane 或 Urbanus

Grete wel Vrban, oure helpere in Crist Jhesus, and Stacchen, my derlyng.
又問在基督裡與我們同工的耳巴奴，並我所親愛的士大古安。

1380s, Wycliffe translation of the Bible, Romans 16:9:


Vaduz

瓦杜茲（市及鎮，首都名，位於列支敦斯登）


Vancouver

音頻（加拿大，英屬哥倫比亞）


Orleans

源自法語 Orléans，最終來自拉丁語 Aurelianum（以重建該城的羅馬皇帝奧勒良命名）。參見Aurelius。

/ˌɔɹ.leɪˈɑ̃/

/ˌɔɹ.liˈɑːn/


Orleans

/ˌɔɹ.leɪˈɑ̃/

/ˌɔɹ.liˈɑːn/

一種用精紡毛紗和棉紗混紡的布料。


Paide

派德，愛沙尼亞(Estonian)城市名


Patrick

[ˈpʰæ.t̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷɪk̚]

帕特里克（男子名）
參見：Patricia


paydown factor

部分还款系数，计算方法为：将每个月从房地产证券的本金中扣除的部分现金，除以证券的原来本金额


PCE

power conversion efficiency (“能量转换效率”)之首字母縮略詞。

prenatal cocaine exposure (“产前可卡因暴露”)之首字母縮略詞。

Personal Consumption Expenditures (“个人消费开支”)之首字母縮略詞。


VFL

在需要保持歷史連續性的情況下（如在編制統計數據時），現在的 AFL 組織通常被稱為 VFL/AFL。現在的 VFL 可稱為 VFA/VFL。

Victorian Football League (“維多利亞足球聯賽”)之首字母縮略詞。（1896年改名）

The VFL began with eight clubs: Carlton; Collingwood; Essendon; Fitzroy; Geelong; Melbourne; St Kilda; and South Melbourne.

2006，Ross Booth，“58: The economic development of the Australian Football League”, in Handbook on Economics of Sport，頁 553:

The professional Victorian Football League (VFL) matches attracted more than 100000 spectators weekly from 1939 until 1941. In 1942, however, the VFL lost half of its football fields to ancillary and military services.

2009，Kate Darian-Smith，On the Home Front: Melbourne in Wartime: 1939-1945，頁 164:

Victorian Football League (“維多利亞足球聯賽”)之首字母縮略詞。（1995年改名）


Viagra

商標名，可能借自梵語 व्याघ्र (vyāghrá，“老虎”)，或可能基於 vigour、virility、victory、Niagara 等詞。

love pill

偉哥，威而鋼（枸櫞酸西地那非的商品名） （自1990年代）

偉哥，威而鋼（枸櫞酸西地那非的商品名） （自1990年代）

Just like any other drug that elevates any aspect or level of performance, Viagra has a pretty harsh comedown, so to speak.

就像任何其他能提升性能力方面或水平的药物一样，伟哥的副作用可以说相当严重。

2004，Jayson Gallaway，Diary of a Viagra Fiend，Simon and Schuster, →ISBN，頁 49:


performance shares

表现股票，指在公司实现既定表现标准时给与管理人员的股份


perpetual bond

永久债券，不设到期日的债券，永久债券不可赎回，但可提供永久的利息收入


Perse

源自古希臘語 Περση (Persē，字面意思是“波斯女人”)

（希腊神话） 珀耳塞，Oceanus之女，是赫利俄斯的妻子


Virginia

中國大陸:弗吉尼亞州，位於美國

香港:維珍尼亞州，位於美國

台灣:維吉尼亞州，位於美國


Pforzheim

普福爾茨海姆（城市名，位於德國巴登-符騰堡州）


phantom stock

影子股票，员工福利计划，给与部分员工（高级管理人员）公司权益，但不给与实质股票