equalization

同等化
* 正體: 等化[電機工程]
* 正體: 等化，均衡[電子計算機]


sell

sells (third-person singular present)
selling (present participle)
sold (past participle)


equipotential surface

等势面
* [简体]:等位面[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:等位面[電子電機工程]
* 正體: 等位面[電機工程]
* 简体: 等位面[信息科技]
* 正體: 等位面[計算機]
* 正體: 等位面[電子計算機]


equivalent potential temperature

equivalent potential temperatures (plural)


money

:< 中古英語 moneie, moneye < 古法語 moneie（ > 现代法语 monnaie） < 拉丁語 moneta （“造币厂；硬币，货币”）。
:取代了中古英语固有词 schat（“金钱，财富”）（ < 古英语 sceatt，“金钱，财富，硬币”）与 feoh（“金钱，财产”）（ < 古英语 feoh，“金钱，财产；牛”）。


estimation of geothermal field's reserve


euphotic zone

透光帶；真光帶；真光層；透光層；有光帶；亮光带


euplankton

全浮游生物
* 简体: 真浮游生物[动物学]
* 正體: 真浮游生物[動物學]


eutectic temperature

共熔温度
* 正體: 共熔溫度[電機工程]
* 正體: 共熔的溫度[電子計算機]


evaporation pan

蒸发皿
* 简体: 蒸发皿[大气]
* 正體: 蒸發皿[氣象]


evaporimeter

蒸发表
* 简体: 蒸发仪[大气]
* 正體: 蒸發計[氣象]


evolution

/ɛvəˈlʉːʃən/


excitation energy

激发能
* 正體: 激磁能；激發能（電子）[電機工程]


exclusion principle

不相容原理
* 正體: 不相容原理[電機工程]


exosphere

外逸层；外氣層
* 正體: 外天層；外氣層[電機工程]
* 简体: 外［逸］层[大气]
* 正體: 外氣層[氣象]
* 正體: 外大氣層（大氣層的最外層高度約為1000[500]公里以外的部分）[電子計算機]


took

When Timothy and Julia hurried up the staircase to the bedroom floor, where a considerable commotion was taking place, Tim took Barry Leach with him. He had him gripped firmly by the arm, since he felt it was not safe to let him loose, and he had no immediate idea what to do with him.

蒂莫西和朱莉娅匆匆上楼，来到卧室，发现那里正发生着一阵骚动。蒂姆一把抓住了巴里·利奇。他觉得放开巴里不安全，一时也不知道该怎么处置他，所以紧紧抓住了他的胳膊。

1963，Margery Allingham，章號 19, in The China Governess: A Mystery，London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

A gracious perſon ; But yet I cannot loue him : / He might have tooke his anſwer long ago

c. 1601–1602 （写稿日期），威廉·莎士比亚，“Twelfe Night, or What You Will [第十二夜]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio（第一对开本）)，伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard和Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]，頁 259:

Linda: It was being there — if you could have took the work home I would have been alright, but being there, people watching over you, you know, you couldn't do anything wrong.

2012年November11日 [1981]，“'Now that I'm married...'”, in Feminism for Girls: An Adventure Story，Routledge, →ISBN，頁 104:


expansion joint

膨胀节理
* 正體: 伸縮節；脹縮接頭[電機工程]


taken

繼承自中古英語 taken、takenn，繼承自古英語 tacen、*ġetacen，源自古諾爾斯語 tekinn，源自原始日耳曼語 *tēkanaz，後者為原始日耳曼語 *tēkaną (“拿走；抓住；觸摸”) 的過去分詞。同源詞包括低地蘇格蘭語 takin、tane、丹麥語 tagen、瑞典語 tagen、冰島語 tekin 等。
字面上源自 take + -n。

He was very taken with the girl, I hear.

我聽說他非常迷戀那個女孩。

I can't ask her out, she's taken.

我不能約她出去，她已經名花有主了。


taken

No doubt many a journey you have rode and gone, and many a hard daies labour you have taken, and ſharpened perhaps with care and grief[…]

1662，John Baxter，A Saint Or a Brute […] ，頁 26:


exposure meter

露光计
* [简体]:照射量计[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:照射量計[電子電機工程]


nuclide

來自nucleus + -ide。由由美國的化學家Truman Kohman在1947造出在《美國物理學雜誌》的一篇文章中創造，他在文中將「nuclide」定義為「一種由其原子核結構（特別是原子核中的質子和中子數量）所表徵的原子種類」。

核素，核種 （由其原子序數和原子質量指定的原子核）


extinction angle

消光角
* 正體: 消弧角；消光角[電機工程]


factor analysis

因子分析
* 简体: 因子分析[大气]
* 正體: 因子分析[氣象]
* 正體: 因子分析[電子計算機]


accept

首見於1380年。繼承自中古英語 accepten，借自古法語 accepter，或直接源自拉丁語 acceptō, acceptāre (“接受”)，源自accipiō，源自 ad- + capiō (“拿”)。

accepts (third-person singular present)
accepting (present participle)
accepted (past participle)


love

源自中古英語 love、luve，源自古英語 lufu （“愛情、感情、願望”），源自原始日耳曼语 *lubō （“愛”），源自原始印欧语 *lewbʰ-、*leubʰ- （“愛、關愛、願望”）。與古弗里斯蘭語 luve （“愛”）、古高地德語 luba （“愛”）同源。與古英語 lēof （“親愛的，心愛的”）、līefan （“准許、贊許”）、拉丁語 libet、lubō （“取悅”）、阿爾巴尼亞語 lyp （“請求、乞求”）、lips （“被需要的、被求的”）亦同源。


love

loves (third-person singular present)
loving (present participle)
loved (past participle)

愛好，喜歡，（would love to）想要做…


love

源自中古英語 loven、lovien，源自古英語 lofian （“稱讚、讚揚、評估”），源自原始日耳曼语 *lubōnan （“稱讚、起誓”），源自原始印欧语 *leubʰ- （“喜歡、喜愛、渴求”）。與低地蘇格蘭語 love、lofe （“稱讚、尊重”）、荷蘭語 loven （“稱讚”）、德語 loben （“稱讚”）、瑞典語 lova （“保證、發誓”）、冰島語 lofa （“保證”）同源。另見 lofe。


love

源自短語 Neither for love nor for money，意為“無、無任何東西”。


deed

One small deed can have one stour effect or more.


deed

deeds (third-person singular present)
deeding (present participle)
deeded (past participle)

立下契約出讓(私人財產)


argument

/ˈɑːɡjʊmənt/

/ˈɑɹɡjʊmənt/

/ˈɑɹɡjəmənt/


friend

源自中古英語 frend、freend，源自古英語 frēond (“朋友”，字面意思是“所愛之人”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *friund，源自原始日耳曼語 *frijōndz (“愛人，朋友”)，源自原始印歐語 *preyH- (“喜歡，愛”)，等同於free + -nd。
與薩特弗里斯蘭語 Fjund、Früünd (“朋友”)、西弗里斯蘭語 freon、froen、freondinne (“朋友”)、荷蘭語 vriend (“朋友”)、低地德語 Frund、Fründ (“朋友，親屬”)、盧森堡語 Frënd (“朋友”)、德語 Freund (“朋友”)、丹麥語 frænde (“親屬”)、瑞典語 frände (“親屬”)、冰島語 frændi (“親屬”)、哥特語 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (frijōnds，“朋友”)同源。參見free。
其他同源詞也包括俄語 приятель (prijatelʹ，“朋友”)、梵語 प्रिय (priyá-，“鐘愛的”)。

with friends like that, who needs enemies


joy

標準英音，通用美式，加拿大

標準英音，通用美式，加拿大


mine

繼承自中古英語 min、myn，繼承自古英語 mīn，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *mīn，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *mīnaz，繼承自原始印歐語 *méynos。
同源詞包括薩特弗里斯蘭語 mien、西弗里斯蘭語 myn、荷蘭語 mijn、低地德語 mien、德語 mein、丹麥語、瑞典語和挪威語 min、冰島語 mín。

The house itself is mine, but the land is not.

房子本身是我的，但土地不是我的。

Mine has been a long journey.

我的（旅程）是一段漫长的旅程。

我的東西 獨立使用，從句子中分出。

Mine for only a week so far, it already feels like an old friend.

至今虽然才一周，我已经感觉它像是我的老朋友了。

我的東西 不直接用於被屬有的名詞前面。

This house of mine is over 100 years old.

我的这所房子已有 100 多年的历史了。


mine

源自中古英語，源自古法語 mine，源自晚期拉丁語 mina，源自高盧語（對比威爾士語 mwyn、愛爾蘭語 mianach (“礦石”)），源自原始凱爾特語 *mēnis (“礦石；金屬”)。

This diamond comes from a mine in South Africa.

这颗钻石产自南非的一个矿山。

He came out of the coal mine with a face covered in black.

他满脸黑漆地从煤矿里走出来。

Most coal and ore comes from open-pit mines nowadays.

如今，大多数煤和矿石都来自露天矿。

She's a mine of information.

His left leg was blown off after he stepped on a mine.

他踩到地雷后左腿被炸断了。

The warship was destroyed by floating mines.


mine

mines (third-person singular present)
mining (present participle)
mined (past participle)

Crater of Diamonds State Park is the only place in the world where visitors can mine their own diamonds.

钻石坑州立公园是世界上唯一一个允许游客亲自开采钻石的地方。

We had to slow our advance after the enemy mined the road ahead of us.

敌人在我们前面的道路上埋设了地雷，我们不得不放慢前进的速度。

用地雷裝置損壞（車輛或船隻）


less

little的比较级；更少


Samaritan

/səˈmæɹɪtən/

/səˈmɛɹɪtən/


Samaritan

/səˈmæɹɪtən/

/səˈmɛɹɪtən/


fact

:< 拉丁語 factum （“行为，行动”）——factus （“做了的”） 的中性形——faciō （“做”） 的完成被动分词。


learn

learns (third-person singular present)
learning (present participle)
learned (past participle)
learnt (past participle)


Judea

Judea
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：朱迪亚
* 正體中文：朱迪亞


ground

cumberground, cumber-ground, cumber ground

cut the ground from under someone's feet

know one's ass from a hole in the ground

know one's head from a hole in the ground

know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground

Tom Tidler's ground, Tommy Tiddler's ground


ground

grounds (third-person singular present)
grounding (present participle)
grounded (past participle)


ground

grind 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞

I ground the coffee up nicely.


about

中古英語 aboute, abouten < 古英語 abūtan, onbūtan

音頻（加拿大：不列顛哥倫比亞）


your

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-your.wav

音頻（美式） (非重读)


rejoin

/ɹiːˈd͡ʒɔɪn/


meanwhile

繼承自中古英語 menewhile，等同於mean (“中間”) + while。是副詞in the mean while的省略，名詞通常用在形容詞後面。

In the meanwhile, the surveyors carried the line three miles, which was no contemptible day's work, considering how cruelly they were entangled with briers and gallbushes.

Quoted in 2002, Stephen C. Ausband, Byrd's Line: A Natural History (page 37)


meanwhile

There was a party going on downstairs. Meanwhile, I was reading a book.

樓下在開派對。而同時，我正在看書。

Meanwhile Nanny Broome was recovering from her initial panic and seemed anxious to make up for any kudos she might have lost, by exerting her personality to the utmost. She took the policeman's helmet and placed it on a chair, and unfolded his tunic to shake it and fold it up again for him.

We’re going on holiday next month; meanwhile, keep working on the project.

我們下個月要去度假；同時還要繼續寫專案。

The day may dawn when fair play, love for one's fellow men, respect for justice and freedom, will enable tormented generations to march forth triumphant from the hideous epoch in which we have to dwell. Meanwhile, never flinch, never weary, never despair.

1955年March1日，Winston Churchill，“Defence”, in parliamentary debates (House of Commons)，列 1905:

“[…] I’m not ignoring you, I’m very sorry, I’ll talk to you soon. Meanwhile, get your tickets.”

2004，David Osterczy，Interknot: Adventures in Internet Dating, →ISBN，頁 134:

Some songs on the album are beautiful. Meanwhile, others are quite forgettable.

專輯裡有些歌寫得很棒，可其他的卻顯得很不抓耳。

When you are in the studio you don’t have anybody to feed off of, meanwhile when you are playing live you interact with people and you feel the energy in the room.

2013年March29日，Markos Papadatos，引 Marina Diamandis, “Marina And The Diamonds on 'How to be a Heartbreaker'”, in Greek Reporter:


work

works (third-person singular present)
working (present participle)
worked (past participle)
wrought (past participle)


together

/tʊˈɡɛð.ə(ɹ)/

/təˈɡɛð.ə(ɹ)/


benefit

benefits (third-person singular present)
benefiting (present participle)
benefitting (present participle)
benefited (past participle)
benefitted (past participle)

Disrespecting and insulting unpopular religious movements won't ever benefit everybody else in the long run; yes or no?


saviour

savior的英國和加拿大拼法。


Saviour

Savior的英式拼法。


beg

源自中古英語 beggen，古英語 *becgan、*bedcan、*bedican的同化形，bedecian (“乞求，懇求”)的中略形，可能源自原始日耳曼語 *bedagô (“請求者；乞丐”)，源自*bedą、*bedō (“祈禱；請求”)。與北弗里斯蘭語 bēdagi (“祈禱”)、哥特語 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍅𐌰 (bidagwa，“乞丐”)、古英語 biddan (“要求”)有關。參見bid、bead；也見書面挪威語 be (“乞求，要求”)。

begs (third-person singular present)
begging (present participle)
begged (past participle)

本詞是連接動詞，後接 to + 動詞不定式。

He begged on the street corner from passers-by.

I beg your pardon. I didn’t mean to cause offence.

請您原諒我。我不是要冒犯您的。

He begged her to go to the prom with him.

[約瑟]求耶穌的身體。

But that same day came Sam Tewkesbury to the Why Not? about nightfall, and begged a glass of rum, being, as he said, 'all of a shake' …

1898, J. Meade Falkner, Moonfleet Chapter 5

請求被指定為監護人，或請求為某人指定監護人

Else some will beg thee, in the court of wards.


beg

“Lord,” I prayed, “it's a long time since I came to You for anything besides a quick beg for help. And it seems every time I come to You I'm asking something bigger, more impossible. But I'm here again. […]

2008，Cathy Gohlke，William Henry is a Fine Name/I Have Seen Him in the Watchfires Set:


beg

源自鄂圖曼土耳其語 بك (beg)。

鄂圖曼帝國時期的省級行政長官


beg

Knit with MC until work measures 3 inches from beg.

2005, DRG Dynamic Resource, House of White Birches, Big Book of Knit Hats & Scarves for Everyone (page 34)


got

(get的過去分詞)： 第二句例句字面意思為“在過去的某個時間我得到了兩個孩子”，但在“have got”的句型中，“got”用於表示“得到的，獲得的”的意思，而使句型僅僅表達所有、擁有的意思。本句實際上是 "I have two children" 的口語化表達。相類似的，第三句例句是 "How many children do you have?" 的口語化表達。

(get的過去分詞)： 美式和英式古舊用法中，get-got-gotten 和 get-got-got 的動詞變化是和表達的意思有關的，而現代英式用法中幾乎沒有此種區別，大部分情況下只用 get-got-got。

(表示責任、義務)： “got”只是填充詞而無實際意義。“I have to study for my exams”和例句所表達的意思是一樣的。“got”一詞在口語中常常重讀："You've just got to see this."

We got the last bus home.

(英國、澳大利亞、新西蘭) get的過去分詞。:Template:分類

By that time we'd got very cold.

I've got two children.

How many children have you got?

I can't go out tonight, I've got to study for my exams.

今晚我不能出去。我得複習準備考試。

(美國南部)(與to連用) 必須做

I got to go study.

We got to ride to clean up the streets / For our wives and our daughters!

1971, Carol King and Gerry Goffin, “Smackwater Jack”, Tapestry, Ode Records

(美國南部) 有，得到（相當於have）

They got a new car.

He got a lot of nerve.

(美國南部、非裔美國人) 遭謀殺

He got got.


quiet

中古英語 quiete < 古法語 quiet , quiete < 拉丁語 quiētus < 原始印歐語 *kʷyeh₁-


quit

quits (third-person singular present)
quitting (present participle)
quit (past participle)
quitted (past participle)


GUT

grand unification theory 或 grand unified theory (“大統一理論”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：TOE


AU

Tuntau is an enormous, low-density terrestrial planet, with a thick atmosphere of methane and helium. Despite being nearly 20 AU from Phoenix, the star's great heat and the insulating thickness of the atmosphere make the surface surprisingly temperate.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect，Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：Tuntau:

angstrom unit (“埃斯特朗單位”)之首字母縮略詞。


AU

African Union (“非洲聯盟”)之首字母縮略詞。


aphelion

新拉丁語 aphēlium的希臘形式（經由英語 aphelium，現已被取代），來自古希臘語 ἀπο- (apo-，前綴意思為“遠離、偏離”) + ἥλῐος (hḗlĭos，“太陽”)（源自原始印歐語 *sóh₂wl̥ (“太陽”)）+ -ον (-on，構成一些名詞的後綴)，模仿新拉丁語 apogaeum (“最高點”)。
複數形式aphelia是 aphelion + -a (後綴 -on 的複數形式)。


tribology

/tɹɪˈbɒləd͡ʒi/


up

繼承自中古英語 up，來自古英語 upp，來自原始日耳曼語 *upp。


of

來自中古英語 of，來自古英語 of (“從、自”)，af的非重音形式，æf (“從、離、離開”)，來自原始日耳曼語 *ab (“離開；遠離”)。off 的同源對似詞，為古英語單詞的重音派生詞。參見off。

o (alternative)
o' (alternative)
a (alternative)

(屬於)： 對於人，一般會直接用所有格形式。

(組成，製成)： of 可以直接與動詞或形容詞短語連用。

現代英語逐漸少用 of 修飾名詞，轉用名詞 + 名詞的結構。對比 part of speech (“詞類”)（16世紀） vs. word class (“詞類”)（20世紀），Federal Bureau of Investigation（“聯邦調查局”，1908年） vs. Central Intelligence Agency（“中央情報局”，1947年），affairs of the world（18世紀） vs. world affairs（“國際事務”，20世紀）。

of 連接名詞和被某些副詞修飾的定語形容詞時，可以被省略。這個用法中可用的副詞包括too、so、how、as、more、less、this、that。

表達距離或移動。 從（遠處、方向），等同於“off”。（自西元9世紀）

Against headache, vertigo, vapours which ascend forth of the stomach to molest the head, read Hercules de Saxonia and others.

1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
, II.5.3.ii:

表達距離或移動。 此後，從（特定時間，先前的情況等）。（自西元9世紀）

And he axed his father: howe longe is it agoo, sens this hath happened hym? And he sayde, of a chylde.

1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Mark IX:

one that I brought vp of a puppy…I was sent to deliuer him, as a present to Mistris Siluia, from my Master.

1616, William Shakespeare, Two Gentlemen of Verona, IV.4:

Obama has been obliged to make nice of late in hope of rescuing the moribund two-state process and preventing resumed West Bank settlement building.

2010 July 29, Simon Tisdall, The Guardian:

表達距離或移動。 從，遠離（位置、人群、距離等）。（自西元10世紀）

There are no shops within twenty miles of the cottage.

村舍方圓二十哩以內沒有商店。

Though Washington does not officially recognize Moscow, the Hoover Administration permits a Soviet Russian Information Bureau to flourish in a modest red brick house on Massachusetts Avenue, within a mile of the White House.

There are now upwards of 1.4 million 99ers in America facing a life with no benefits and few prospects for finding a job in a market in which companies are still not hiring.

表達距離或移動。 表示差多少分鐘到幾整點。（自西元19世紀）

What's the time? / Nearly a quarter of three.

現在幾點？ / 差不多三點差一刻。

"Fellow Democrats," he began, "I left Washington at a quarter of two this morning …."

1940 June 17, "Little Bull Booed", Time:

Quarter of seven. Fifteen minutes to go.

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, 2006, page 194:

表達分離。
表示去除、缺少或分離，謂語用及物動詞，帶賓語。 （自10世紀）

Finally she was relieved of the burden of caring for her sick husband.

最後，她終於卸下了照顧生病丈夫的重擔。

Antigonus [took] upon him to favour a souldier of his by reason of his vertue and valour, to have great care of him, and see whether they could recover him of a lingering and inward disease which had long tormented him ….

1603，Michel de Montaigne，譯者 John Florio, The Essayes […]，London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
, II.1:

I am almost entirely cured of my rheumatism—just a little pain in my knee now and then, to make me remember what it was, and keep on flannel.

In Houston, ten minutes after the Lindquist Finance Corp. was robbed of $447, Office Manager Howard Willson got a phone call from the thief who complained: "You didn't have enough money over there."

表達分離。
表示去除、缺少或分離，結果狀態用形容詞 （自10世紀）

He seemed devoid of human feelings.

But schemes are perfectly accidental: some will appear barren of hints and matter, but prove to be fruitful ….

Yet for long spells Villa looked laboured and devoid of ideas.

2010 October 31, Stuart James, The Guardian:

表達分離。
表示去除、缺少或分離，謂語用不及物動詞。 （14-19世紀）

He was kindly treated by the people at Saco, and recovered of his wounds.

1822, Jacob Bailey Moore, New Hampshire, volume 1, page 5:

表達起源。
表達起源、先祖。 （自9世紀）

The word is believed to be of Japanese origin.

一般認為這個詞來自日語。

They wondred all, and marveylled sayinge amonge themselves: Loke, are not all these which speake off galile? And howe heare we every man his awne tongue wherein we were boren?

1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Acts II:

My father was born of a family of weavers in Manchester, England.

Nothing may come of these ideas, yet their potential should not be dismissed.

2010, "The Cost of Repair", The Economist:

表達起源。 用於別稱，表示人的出生地、住處、所在國或其他與之相關的地名。

Jesus of Nazareth

Anselm of Canterbury

坎特伯雷的安瑟莫（接所在教區）

Anselm of Aosta

奧斯塔的安瑟莫（接出生地）

Anselm of Bec

貝克的安瑟莫（接所在修道院）

Pedro II of Brazil

巴西的佩德羅二世（接統治區域）

Mrs Miggins of Gasworks Road, Mudchester

住在馬切斯特煤氣廠路的米金斯女士（接住處）

表達起源。
表示動作或情感的來源；引出原因、起因；出於，因為 （自9世紀）

The invention was born of necessity.

這項發明是因其必然性而誕生的。

Undoubtedly it is to be understood, that inflicting deserved punishment on all evil doers, of right, belongs to God.

The woman who danced for me said she was there of her own free will, but when I pushed a bit further, I discovered that she "owed a man a lot of money", and had to pay it back quickly.

2008 December 3, Rowenna Davis, The Guardian:

表達起源。
表示動作的來源或原因。 （自10世紀）

It is said that she died of a broken heart.

He smelled of beer and cigarette smoke and his own body.

2006, Joyce Carol Oates, The Female of the Species:

Two men, one from Somalia and one from Zimbabwe, died of terminal illnesses shortly after their incarceration ended.

2010 October 5, Rebecca Omonira-Oyekanmi, The Guardian:

表達起源。
表示形容詞修飾的主語或原因。 （自13世紀）

I am tired of all this nonsense.

我已經厭倦了這些胡言亂語。

Lib Dems were appalled by Mr Boles’s offer, however kindly meant: the party is so frightened of losing its independence under Mr Clegg that such a pact would “kill” him, says a senior member.

2010 September 23, Bagehot, The Economist:

Thus, one finds individuals dead of a gunshot wound with potentially lethal levels of drugs.

2015, Vincent J. M. DiMaio, Gunshot Wounds:

表示施事。
表示動作發出的主體（現在一般後接by）。 （自9世紀）

I am not particularly enamoured of this idea.

After a good while, the iewes toke cousell amonge themselves to kyll him. But their layinges awayte wer knowen of Saul.

1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Acts IX:

she might appeare to be the lively patterne of another Lucrece, yet know I certainly that, both before that time and afterward, she had beene enjoyed of others upon easier composition.

The family is ordained of God.

1995, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The Family: A Proclamation to the World:

Colombia and Venezuela share an elegantly restrained style, with much back-stepping, smaller hand-movements and little use of the elaborate, arm-tangling moves beloved of Cuban dancers.

2008 March 27, "Selling rhythm to the world", The Economist:

用於引出“主語所有格”；接名詞，組成名詞短語的後置修飾語 （也請參見下方的“屬有”義項）。 （自13世紀）

The contract can be terminated at any time with the agreement of both parties.

只要兩黨都能同意，協定可以隨時達成。

In Blood and Sand, meanwhile, Valentino repeatedly solicits the attention of women who have turned away from him.

1994, Paul Coates, Film at the Intersection of High and Mass Culture, page 136:

Somehow Croatia has escaped the opprobrium of the likes of the German Christian Democrats and others that are against any rapid enlargement of the European Union to the include rest of the western Balkans.

2009 December 28, "Head to head", The Economist:

表示施事。
表示形容詞所描述之物的施事者。 （自16世紀）

It was very brave of you to speak out like that.

你那樣大膽說出來，很勇敢。

When this was over, Mr. Woodhouse gratefully observed,—"It is very kind of you, Mr. Knightley, to come out at this late hour to call upon us."

Morrissey's spokesperson says he is considering the offer. It would perhaps be rude of him to decline.

2007 January 10, Dorian Lynskey, The Guardian:

表達構成、物質。
表示材料，製造所需的物質。 （自9世紀）

接於表示建設、製造的動詞後

Many 'corks' are now actually made of plastic.

現在的許多“軟木塞”實際上是用塑料做的。

The mallet is made of a hard heavy wood resembling ebony, is about twelve inches in length, and perhaps two in breadth, with a rounded handle at one end ….

表達構成、物質。
表示前述物體製作所需的材料。 （自10世紀）

She wore a dress of silk.

Perhaps symbolically, Van Doesburg was building a house of straw: he died within a few months of completion, not in Meudon but in Davos, of a heart attack following a bout of asthma.

2010 January 23, Simon Mawer, The Guardian:

表達構成、物質。
表示集合名詞的組成。 （自12世紀）

What a lot of nonsense!

His papers at this period contain a mass of very unedifying and uninteresting documents ….

1853, William Makepeace Thackeray, Barry Lyndon:

I'd expected to be confronted by oodles of barely suppressed tension and leather-clad, pouty-mouthed, large-haired sexiness; the visual shorthand of rock gods in general, and Jon Bon Jovi in particular.

2010 October 31, Polly Vernon, The Guardian:

表達構成、物質。
表示某事物是一類事物中的典型例子。 （自12世紀）

Welcome to the historic town of Harwich.

This having the rainy month of March and April to water it, sprung up very pleasantly, and yielded a very good crop ….

In his studio in the Behlendorf woods, near the Baltic city of Lübeck, Günter Grass reflects on the outcry over his fictive memoir Peeling the Onion.

2010 October 30, Maya Jaggi, The Guardian:

表達構成、物質。
連接兩個差不多同位的名詞，前一名詞修飾後一名詞。 （自14世紀）

I'm not driving this wreck of a car.

As he swallowed the soup his heart warmed to this fool of a girl.

1911, Katherine Mansfield, In a German Pension:

"I'm having a bitch of a day," he says, after ordering a restorative pint of Guinness and flopping down in a seat by the front window.

2010 August 22, Sean O'Hagan, The Guardian:

表示主題。
連接動詞（一般與想、感受、表達等有關）和主語、主題；有關，關於 （自10世紀）

I'm always thinking of you.

he spoke of his uncle with warm regard, was fond of talking of him ….

while producing Cook, which includes more than 250 seasonal recipes by 80 different chefs, we washed up more than 500 times (oh, how I dreamed of dishwashers).

2010 October 19, Rebecca Seal, The Guardian:

表示主題。
引出主題；有關，關於 （自12世紀）

接名詞（現在基本用於表示知識、交流等的名詞）

He told us the story of his journey to India.

他告訴我們他去印度旅行時的故事。

Recession and rising unemployment have put paid to most thoughts of further EU enlargement.

表示主題。
引出主題。 （自15世紀）

This behaviour is typical of teenagers.

The same secludedness and isolation to which the schoolmaster whale betakes himself in his advancing years, is true of all aged Sperm Whales.

表示部分。
引出部分所從屬的整體。 （自9世紀）

Most of these apples are rotten.

這些蘋果大部分都爛掉了。

But as for me said sire Gareth I medle not of their maters therfore there is none of them that loueth me / And for I vnderstande they be murtherers of good knyghtes I lefte theyre company

The dead bodies of the Koreish were despoiled and insulted; two of the most obnoxious prisoners were punished with death ….

1789, Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume 6:

Many of the civilisational achievements of Mesopotamia are the product of that symbiosis.

2010 November 10, Michael Wood, The Guardian:

表示部分。
表示範圍內的一部分。 （自9世紀）

everyone, even the ladies of the village, called the dish tzigayner shmeklekh, or “gypsies' penises.”
村裡的所有人，甚至女士們都將這道菜稱作“tzigayner shmeklekh”，即“吉普賽人的雞巴”。

2005, Naomi Wolf, The Treehouse, page 58:

That, I think, is the buried core of the outrage people feel most generally.

表示部分。
一個，一些 （自9世紀）

接在 to be 之後作表語

On the whole, they seem to be of the decent sort.

總體來說，他們還算體面。

And the folysshe sayde to the wyse: geve us of youre oyle, for oure lampes goo out?

1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Matthew XXV:

Dunning, however, is of the old school, and does not like new faces; so he will have no Irishman at his door ….

1846, James Fenimore Cooper, The Redskins:

連接名詞或代詞所有格，表示部分（不過現在經常和“屬有”義合併）。 （自13世紀）

He is a friend of mine.

He is just what I should have liked a son of mine to be.

1893, Oscar Wilde, A Woman of No Importance, IV:

In its flattering way, the press tried to invest this habit of Bush's with the sense that it was indicative of a particularly sharp wit.

2010 August 27, Michael Tomasky, The Guardian:

表示屬有，…的
屬於、存在或發生在某地、某時。對比“起源”義。 （自9世紀）

He was perhaps the most famous scientist of the twentieth century.

他可能是20世紀的最負盛名的科學家。

The building was erected in two years, at the parochial expence, on the foundation of the former one, which was irreparably damaged by the hurricane of Auguſt, 1712.

1774, Edward Long, The History of Jamaica. Or, General Survey of the Antient and Modern State of that Island, volume 2, book 2, chapter 7, 5:

Thus, as he dressed, the thoughts and the rage of yesterday began to stir and move in his mind again.

Within ten seconds, the citizens of New York, Cleveland, Detroit and Toronto were being given first-hand experience of what it was like to live in the nineteenth century.

2003 August 20, Julian Borger, The Guardian:

表示屬有，…的
經由產權、控制等而屬於（某地） （自9世紀）

The owner of the nightclub was arrested.

In a much-anticipated radio broadcast the Duke of Edinburgh said last night that Britain will be a grim place in the year 2000 ….

The third son, William John (1826-1902), was headmaster of the Boys' British School, Hitchin ….

2001, Dictionary of National Biography, 2001, page 27:

因具有某種特征而屬於（某物或某人）；“屬格所有形”。（對於抽象名詞，和“主語所有格”有交叉。） （自13世紀）

Keep the handle of the saucepan away from the flames.

保持煮鍋的柄不靠近火焰。

The breasts of young girls sometimes become tender at puberty in sympathy with the evolution of the sexual organs ….

1933, Havelock Ellis, Psychology of Sex, volume 4:

It amounts to knocking on the door of No 10 then running away.

2010 October 29, Marina Hyde, The Guardian:

組成“賓語所有格”。
接施事名詞、動名詞或動作名詞。 （自12世紀）

She had a profound distrust of the police.

And he saith unto them, Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men.

1611, Bible, Authorized Version, Matthew IV:

Antifeminism has been a credible cover and an effective vehicle because the hatred of women is not politically anathema on either the Right or the Left.

表達性格或品格。
連接形容詞與名詞/名詞短語，組成準狀語修飾詞；至於，關於 （自13世紀）

My companion seemed affable and easy of manner.

我的同伴看起來友善隨和。

He was huge, raw-boned, knotty, long of body and long of leg, with the head of a war charger.

Still nimble of mind and fleet of foot, Morris buzzed here and there, linking well and getting stuck in at every opportunity.

2004 August 11, Sean Ingle, The Guardian:

表達性格或品格。
表示品質或特征。 （自13世紀）

Pooh was said to be a bear of very little brain.

據說維尼熊是一頭不太聰明的熊。

His frank acceptance of the situation marks him as either an innocent man, or else as a man of considerable self-restraint and firmness.

1891, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Boscombe Valley Mystery:

No other man has made so deep a mark on his time and on our world unless he has been a man of action, a Cromwell or a Napoleon.

1951, Jacob Bronowski, The Common Sense of Science:

表達性格或品格。
表示數量、年齡、價格等。 （自13世紀）

We have been paying interest at a rate of 10%.

She was a tall young girl of about twenty-two or three, holding herself erect and with fine dignity.

1903, Frank Norris, The Pit, Doubleday 1924, page 4:

A police car, traveling southbound at a speed of 40.0 m/s, approaches with its siren producing sound at a frequency of 2 500 Hz.

2006, Serway & Jewett, Principles of Physics, page 428:

表達性格或品格。 連接單數不定名詞（前接不定冠詞）和定語形容詞（由程度副詞修飾）。

It's not that big of a deal.

表達時間點。
……的期間，現在多用於重複或常規的事情。 （自9世紀）

Of an evening, we would often go for a stroll along the river.

晚上我們經常沿著河邊散步。

If there was a type Ida despised, Sir Claude communicated to Maisie, it was the man who pottered about town of a Sunday ….

表達時間點。
表示時間的長度。 （自13世紀）

I've not tekken her out of a goodly long while.

表達時間點。
表示狀態、活動等的持續時間。 （自18世紀）

After a delay of three hours, the plane finally took off.

在延誤三小時過後，飛機終於起飛。

The cab driver's claim he was sleepwalking during the attack has already been supported by his wife of 37 years.


of

/əv/的拼寫，受到詞源1的影響。

have 或 ’ve 的視覺方言，一般用於表示口語。

"I had a woman up here last week to look at my feet, and when she have been the bill you'd of thought she had my appendicitus out."

1926, F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, Penguin 2000, page 33:

‘You must of left your door unlocked. Or even open.’

1943, Raymond Chandler, The High Window, Penguin 2005, page 87:

"You couldn't of known," Livio says.

1992, Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash, Bantam Spectra, page 340:


try

〈不及物〉
嘗試
參見：trial 和 trier


sabbath

Sabbath的首字母小寫形。

Far-right activists had organised their protest for the Jewish sabbath in an area with a 40% Jewish population.

2015年June30日，Harriet Sherwood，“London neo-Nazi rally moved after outcry from Jewish leaders and MPs”, in The Guardian:


sis

(非正式) sister 的截斷形式。


dining room

dining-room (alternative)
diningroom (alternative)
dining rooms (plural)


bathroom

/ˈbɑːθ.ɹuːm/


swimming pool

swimming-pool (alternative)
swimming pools (plural)

Fortunately, a waterfall thrums down the nearby mountains and forms a natural swimming pool at the entrance.

幸运的是，瀑布从附近的山上流下来，在入口处形成一个天然游泳池。

2009，Sean Harvey，The Rough Guide to the Dominican Republic, →ISBN，頁 321:


fault block

断块
* 正體: 故障塊[電子計算機]


fauna

源自新拉丁語 fauna，來自拉丁語 Fauna，和Faunus (“森林和牧人之神”)相關；與古希臘語 θαῦνον (thaûnon，“野生動物、野獸”)、θώς (thṓs，“胡狼，野狗；豹”)、弗里吉亞語 δάος (dáos，“狼”)同族。

faunae (plural)
faunas (plural)
faunæ (plural)

動物相 （自18世紀晚期）

the fauna of China

Japanese waters also support a rich and diverse shark fauna, including the smallest known shark Squaliolus laticaudus, and the bizarre goblin shark, Mitsukurina owstoni.

1983，Richard Ellis，The Book of Sharks，Knopf, →ISBN，頁 199:


ferric oxide

氧化铁
* 正體: 氧化鐵的[電子計算機]


ferromagnetic

强磁性的
* 正體: 鐵磁體[電子計算機]


ferromagnetic material

铁磁性材料
* 正體: 鐵磁材料[電子計算機]


ferrous metal

黑色金属
* 简体: 黑色金属[航海科技]
* 正體: 鐵金屬[海事]


fibrous

more fibrous (comparative)
most fibrous (superlative)


fibrous parallel

平行纤维状的;平行纡维状的


field work

野外工作现场工作
* 正體: 工地工作；現場工作[電機工程]


fin ray

条
* 简体: 鳍条[动物学]
* 正體: 鰭條[動物學]


fine structure

精细结构
* 正體: 精細構造[電機工程]


fission product

核分裂产物
* 正體: 分裂產物[電機工程]


fixed point

固定点
* 正體: 定點，定點的[電子計算機]


flagellates

flagellate 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


flash flood

暴洪
* 简体: 暴［发］洪［水］[大气]
* 正體: 暴洪[氣象]


flood plain

泛滥平原
* 简体: 泛滥平原[测绘学]
* 正體: 氾濫平原[測量學]


flood control

防洪
* 简体: 防洪[大气]
* 正體: 防洪[氣象]


flooding method

洪水法
* 简体: 灌注法[航海科技]
* 正體: 灌注法[海事]


flow line

吝
* 正體: 流程線[自由軟體]
* 简体: 流程线[自由软体]
* 正體: 流程線，流線[電子計算機]


flow rate

临
* [简体]:流率[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:流率[電子電機工程]
* 正體: 流動率[電子計算機]


flow regime

水流动态，水流体系，流态


flowmeter

量计
* 正體: 流量計[電機工程]
* 正體: 流量計[電子計算機]


fluidity

怜性
* 正體: 流動性[電機工程]


fluoridation

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fluoridation.wav

添加氟化物（尤其是水中，以預防蛀牙）

Israel's decision to ban fluoridation follows a vote to preclude the practice in Portland, Ore., and Wichita, Kan. It was also recently overturned in Hamilton, the fourth most populous city in New Zealand.

在以色列决定禁止添加氟化物之前，俄勒冈州波特兰市和堪萨斯州威奇托市已经投票禁止了这种做法。新西兰第四大人口城市汉密尔顿最近也推翻了该决定。

2013年August9日，Douglas Main，“Israel Outlaws Water Fluoridation”, in Live Science, retrieved 2013-09-30:


fluorimeter

荧光计
* 正體: 螢光計[電子計算機]


foliate

more foliate (comparative)
most foliate (superlative)


foliate

foliates (third-person singular present)
foliating (present participle)
foliated (past participle)


foot valve

底阀
* 正體: 底閥[電機工程]


forced oscillation

强迫振荡
* [简体]:强迫振荡[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:強迫振盪[電子電機工程]
* 正體: （強）迫振（盪）[電機工程]
* 正體: 強迫振盪[電機工程]
* 简体: 强迫振荡[大气]
* 正體: 強迫振盪[氣象]


forecast

forecasts (third-person singular present)
forecasting (present participle)
forecast (past participle)
forecasted (past participle)


form factor

形态因子
* 正體: 波形因數[電機工程]
* 简体: 形状因子[信息科技]
* 正體: 形狀因數[計算機]
* 正體: 形狀因數[電子計算機]


fractionation

分级
* 正體: 分數化[電子計算機]


francium

來自法語 francium，來自France + -ium（來自玛格丽特·佩里出生的國家）。

/ˈfɹɑːnsɪəm/

The most elusive element of all, however, appears to be francium, which is so rare that it is thought that our entire planet may contain, at any given moment, fewer than twenty francium atoms.

2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, BCA, p. 221:

Notice that franciums are balanced without even thinking in moles, atoms, or whatever.

1999, Peter J. Krieger, Understanding Chemical Principles: A Learning Companion (page 56)

(a) Radons and poloniums are compared, (b) poloniums and astatines are compared and (c) radons and franciums are compared.

2007, Carl J. Gross, Witold Nazarewicz, Krzysztof P. Rykaczewski, The 4th International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (page 180)


free energy

自由能
* 正體: 自由能[電機工程]


frequency spectrum

频谱
* [简体]:频谱[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:頻譜[電子電機工程]
* [简体]:频谱[通信]
* [正體]:頻譜[通訊]
* 正體: 頻（率波）譜[電機工程]
* 正體: 頻譜[通訊工程]
* 简体: 频谱[大气]
* 正體: 頻譜[氣象]
* 简体: 频谱[信息科技]
* 正體: 頻譜[計算機]
* 正體: 頻譜[電子計算機]


frontal bone

额骨
* 简体: 额骨[动物学]
* 正體: 額骨[動物學]


fusibility

可熔性
* 正體: 熔性；熔度[電機工程]
* 正體: 可熔性[電子計算機]


gadolinium

/ˌɡædəˈlɪniəm/


gage pressure

计示压力
* 正體: 壓差（和大氣壓力）[電子計算機]


galena

方铅矿
* 正體: 方鉛壙[電機工程]


spectroscopy

谱学
* 正體: 頻譜學[電機工程]
* 正體: 光譜學[通訊工程]


gas constant

[電機工程][氣象]气体常数


gastral cavity

胃腔
* 简体: 胃腔[动物学]
* 正體: 胃腔[動物學]


geocentric latitude

地心纬度
* 简体: 地心纬度[测绘学]
* 正體: 地心緯度[測量學]
* 简体: 地心纬度[航海科技]
* 正體: 地心緯度[海事]


geocorona

地冕
* 简体: 地冕[大气]
* 正體: 地冕[氣象]


geodynamics

地质力学
* 简体: 地球动力学[测绘学]
* 正體: 地球力學[測量學]


geographical isolation

地理隔离
* 简体: 地理隔离[动物学]
* 正體: 地理隔離[動物學]


geomagnetic field

地磁场
* 简体: 地磁场[测绘学]
* 正體: 地磁場[測量學]


geomagnetic pole

地磁极
* 简体: 地磁极[航海科技]
* 正體: 地磁極[海事]


geometric mean

几何平均
* 简体: 几何平均值[测绘学]
* 正體: 幾何平均值[測量學]
* 简体: 几何平均[信息科技]
* 正體: 幾何平均[計算機]
* 正體: 幾何平均[電子計算機]


geomorphological map

地貌图
* 简体: 地貌图[测绘学]
* 正體: 地形學圖，地貌學圖[測量學]


geopotential

重力势
* 简体: 地球位[测绘学]
* 正體: 重力位[測量學]


geostrophic wind

地转风
* 简体: 地转风[大气]
* 正體: 地轉風[氣象]
* 简体: 地转风[航海科技]
* 正體: 地轉風[海事]


geothermal resource of hydrothermal type


geothermometer

地质温度计
* 简体: 地温表[大气]
* 正體: 地溫計[氣象]


gettering

收气
* [简体]:吸杂，吸除[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:吸雜，吸除[電子電機工程]


girdle

用剥一圈树皮的方法杀死树木或遏止树木生长。


glacial erosion

冰蚀
* 简体: 冰蚀[大气]
* 正體: 冰蝕[氣象]


glow discharge

辉光放电
* 正體: 輝光放電[電機工程]
* 简体: 辉光放电[大气]
* 正體: 生輝放電[氣象]


goniometer

测角仪
* 正體: 測角計；測向器[電機工程]


goniometry

测角
* 正體: 測向術；測角學[電機工程]


gram atom

克原子
* 正體: 克原子[電機工程]


gram equivalent

克当量
* 正體: 克當量[電機工程]


gram molecule

克分子
* 正體: 克分子[電機工程]


granularity

粒度
* 正體: 粒化[電子計算機]


gravimeter

重力仪
* 简体: 重力仪[测绘学]
* 正體: 重力儀[測量學]


gravitation constant

万有引力常数
* 简体: 引力常数[测绘学]
* 正體: 萬有引力常數[測量學]


gravitational wave

cosmic gravitational-wave background (CGB, CGWB)

gravity wave 有時被用作 gravitational wave 的同義詞，反之亦然。然而，前者通常指兩種流體在重力作用下相遇時形成的波，例如海面上受風吹拂形成的波浪，而不推薦使用該詞描述天體物理現象。

引力波；由加速質量引起的時空波動

It is therefore apparent that the existence of gravitational waves can be deduced from general relativity just as the existence of electromagnetic waves can be deduced from Maxwell's theory.

1941，Leopold Infeld，Quest: The Evolution of a Scientist，New York, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Co., →OCLC，頁 261:

It might be anticipated that a pulsating star, such as a Cepheid is believed to be, would emit gravitational waves abundantly; but when the question is examined analytically, this expectation is not confirmed.

1949，Edmund [Taylor] Whittaker，源自Euclid to Eddington: A Study of Conceptions of the External World，Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →OCLC，頁 119:

Fourth, there exists a strong competition on the side of purely astronomical means for indirect detection of gravitational waves.

2003，Astrophysics Update，Berlin: Springer-Verlag; Chichester, West Sussex: Praxis Publishing, →ISBN，頁 282:

A gravitational-wave detector exploits the physical effects of a gravitational wave on bodies to detect the waves. A gravitational wave detector may, for example, monitor the separation between two freely falling bodies; as a gravitational wave passes, the two bodies will experience a tidal acceleration relative to each other.

2011，Jolien D[onald] E[arl] Creighton with Warren G. Anderson, “Gravitational Waves”, in Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy: An Introduction to Theory, Experiment and Data Analysis，Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, →ISBN:

Physicists have announced the discovery of gravitational waves, ripples in spacetime first anticipated by Albert Einstein a century ago. “We have detected gravitational waves. We did it,” said David Reitze, executive director of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (Ligo), at a press conference in Washington.

2016年February11日，Tim Radford，“Gravitational waves: discovery hailed as breakthrough of the century: Scientists announce discovery of clear gravitational wave signal, ripples in spacetime first predicted by Albert Einstein”, in The Guardian，London:

These layers also permit visual observation of the well-known "gravitational waves," which were suggested by Helmholtz and have been investigated theoretically at some length. It is frequently suggested that these atmospheric waves may be connected with signal fading.

1951，Propagation of Short Radio Waves [IEE Electromagnetic Waves Series; 24]，London: Peter Peregrinus Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Electrical Engineers, →ISBN，頁 346:

It is difficult to see whether a sufficient amount of energy is communicated to the sea by the air masses directly in the form of compressional waves or it is transmitted or increased by the action of gravitational waves.

1953，J[ohan] G[erard Jozef] Scholte，“On Theories of the Origin of Microseisms”, in Symposium on Microseisms: Held at Arden House Harriman N.Y. 4–6 September 1952 [Publication (National Research Council); 306]，Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, →OCLC，頁 124:

In the used model sound waves and external gravitational waves have been filtered; combined inertial-internal gravitational waves, however, are still included in the equations.

1959，K. Hinkelmann，“Ein numerisches Experiment mit den primitiven Gleichungen”, in The Atmosphere and the Sea in Motion: Scientific Contributions to the Rossby Memorial Volume，New York, N.Y.: The Rockefeller Institute Press in association with Oxford University Press, →OCLC, abstract，頁 486:


gravity anomaly

重力异常
* 简体: 重力异常[测绘学]
* 正體: 重力異常[測量學]


GMT

格林威治標準時間/格林尼治標準時間（Greenwich Mean Time）


grid leak

栅漏
* 正體: 柵漏[電機工程]


rectification

检波
* 正體: 整流[電機工程]
* 简体: 纠正[测绘学]
* 正體: 糾正法[測量學]
* 正體: 整流[電子計算機]


ground antenna

地面天线
* 正體: 地面天線[電機工程]


antennas

“antennae”通常指昆虫的触角，“antennas”通常指天线。


antennae

“antennae”通常指昆虫的触角，“antennas”通常指天线。


ground connection

接地
* 正體: 接地；通地連接[電機工程]


ground potential

地电位
* 正體: 大地電位[電機工程]


ground rod

接地棒
* 正體: 接地棒[電機工程]


ground terminal

接地端
* 正體: 基項[電機工程]
* 正體: 接地線頭；基項[電機工程]


growth line

生长线
* 简体: 生长线[动物学]
* 正體: 生長線[動物學]


guided wave

被导波
* [简体]:导波[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:導波[電子電機工程]
* 正體: 導引波[電機工程]
* 正體: 導波[電機工程]


gyrocompass

回转罗盘
* 简体: 陀螺罗经[船舶科技]
* 正體: 電羅經[造船工程]


karst landscape

岩溶景观
* 简体: 喀斯特景观，岩溶景观[测绘学]
* 正體: 喀斯特景觀[測量學]


karst topography

岩溶地势
* 简体: 喀斯特地形，岩溶地形[测绘学]
* 正體: 喀斯特地形[測量學]


katabatic wind

下降风
* 简体: 下滑风[大气]
* 正體: 下坡風[氣象]


keel

keels (third-person singular present)
keeling (present participle)
keeled (past participle)


keying

键控
* 正體: 按鍵；發報[電機工程]
* 正體: 按鍵，鍵發，鍵控[電子計算機]


kinematic similarity

运动相似性
* 简体: 运动学相似[大气]
* 正體: 運動相似性[氣象]


kinescope

显像管
* 正體: 光電收像器（電視）[電機工程]
* 正體: 電視電影帶[電子計算機]


Jack

约翰（John）的常用爱称，由中古英语形式Jankin而来；也有从法语 Jacques（等同于Jacob和James）的英国化而来的。也可以是雅各布（Jacob）的昵称。此名虽然原来是爱称，现在已经更多地成为一个独立的名字。等同于John + -kin。
另见中古法语 Hennequin，Jannequin以及中古荷兰语 Janneken。

杰克，男子名，是约翰（John）的爱称。


Jack

尽管此义是一个普通名词，但仍会被视为姓氏，首字母大写。

用来代替任何一名男子，特别是年纪轻或地位低的。


Jack

all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy

杰克丹尼（Jack Daniel's），美国威士忌品牌。


jet pump

喷射泵
* 正體: 射流泵；噴射泵[電機工程]


joint cavity

关节腔
* 简体: 关节腔[动物学]
* 正體: 關節腔[動物學]


from A to B

/fɹəm ˈeɪ ɾə ˈbiː/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-from A to B.ogg


from A to Z

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-from A to Z.ogg


abandoned

more abandoned (comparative)
most abandoned (superlative)

放蕩的 （首次用於1350年至1470年）

Such immunity to offenders offered a safe asylum to the vilest and most abandoned scoundrels.

1876，Alexander Davidson，A Complete History of Illinois from 1673 to 1884，頁 232:

被遺棄的，被拋棄的 （15世紀晚期）

[…] your abandoned streams […]

不羈的 （17世紀晚期）

Everything was dirty and shabby. There was no sign of the abandoned luxury that Colonel MacAndrew had so confidently described.

1919，W. Somerset Maugham，章號 11, in The Moon and Sixpence:

不再受到形成它的地質作用力的影響


abandoned

abandon 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


abbess

繼承自中古英語 abbesse，派生自古法語 abeesse（法語abbesse），派生自 晚期拉丁語 或教會拉丁語 abbatissa，拉丁語 abbas, abbatis 的陰性形式。

abbatess (alternative)
abbotess (alternative)
abbesses (plural)


half life

半衰期
* 正體: 半生期[電機工程]


hardening

硬化
* 正體: 硬化[電機工程]


harmonic oscillator

谐波振荡器
* 正體: 諧（波）振（盪）器[電機工程]
* 正體: 諧頻振盪器[電機工程]
* 正體: 諧波振盪器[電子計算機]


head loss

压头损失
* 正體: 頭損耗[電子計算機]


heat conductivity

热导率
* 正體: （一）導熱性；（二）導熱係數[電機工程]


heat equator

热赤道
* 简体: 热赤道[大气]
* 正體: 熱赤道[氣象]


heat radiation

热辐射
* 正體: 熱輻射[電機工程]
* 简体: 热辐射[信息科技]
* 正體: 熱輻射[計算機]
* 正體: 熱輻射[電子計算機]


heat transfer

[化学][氣象][電機工程][計算機]传热；熱（量）傳送；熱轉移；熱傳遞；热输送


heating surface

[...] combined heating surface is 6,151 sq. ft. (tubes, 530 sq. ft., flues, 3,275 sq. ft., firebox, with arches and thermic syphons, 415 sq. ft., and superheater 1,931 sq. ft.); [...].

1941 January，“Recent North American Locomotives”, in Railway Magazine，頁 27:


herpetology

:出自法语 herpétologie ("爬行类学")，出自古希腊语 ἑρπετόν (herpetón, "爬行类") + -logie (学科后缀)。

爬虫学，爬行类或两栖类学。


heterogeneity

不均匀性
* 正體: 非齊性[電子計算機]


hexagonal enatiomorphic hemihedral class


hexagonal system

六方晶系
* 正體: 六方晶系[電機工程]


young

younger (comparative)
youngest (superlative)


freeway

(US)﹝專指一種從頭到尾沒有紅綠燈等的﹞高速公路


driveway

driveway doesn't go all the way to the road

進入或循環通過一個確定的區域的道路；用於私人進出、維護、安全的道路

The design originally called for a 1-lane-wide driveway leading from the street to the parking area.

1988年April7日，Joseph Truni，“Asphalt Answers”, in Popular Mechanics，頁 127:

They drove in the driveway into the parking lot that was totally full.

2020年October28日，Franco La Monica，Catch 44，Meadville, Pennsylvania: Christian Faith Publishing, →ISBN，頁 37:


parkway

城市裏的一種大馬路、交通幹道，一般不准停車


hydrochloric acid

用作食品中添加的酸度调节剂

muriatic acid

用作食品中添加的酸度调节剂

spirit of salt

用作食品中添加的酸度调节剂

spirits of salts

用作食品中添加的酸度调节剂

swimming pool acid

用作食品中添加的酸度调节剂

If not sufficiently purified, a little hydrochloric or oxalic acid, or caustic potash may be put in the water, according as the stains are from grease or from ink.

如果不够纯净，可以根据污渍来自油脂还是墨水，在水中加入少量盐酸或草酸或苛性钾。

1880，William Blades，The Enemies of Books，頁 92:

In the case of nitric acid, however, the employment of the aræometer introduces far greater errors than when it is used for sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and in most other cases, as the concentrated nitric acids as a rule always contain nitrogen tetroxide in solution, the quantity being seldom less than 1 per cent., but more generally several per cent., which makes its strength when taken with the aræometer seem greater than it actually is.

1905，Georg Lunge, Alfred Isaac Cohn，Techno‐Chemical Analysis，John Wiley & Sons，頁s 57–58:


Aachen

阿亨（市名，位於德國北萊茵-威斯特法倫）。


aardvark

:出自南非语 erdvark ("土地猪")。 aarde ("地") + vark ("猪", "豚")。

(动物学) 土豚(一种非洲食蟻獸)。


Aaron's rod

/ˈɜːɹ.ənz ɹɒd/

/ˈæɹ.ənz ɹɒd/

/ˈæɹ.ənz ɹɑd/

/ˈɜəɹ.ənz ɹɑd/

/ˈɜɹ.ənz ɹɑd/

亞倫杖裝飾(裝飾著嫩葉、渦卷或纏繞的蛇的裝飾板條)


cash on the barrelhead

在美國邊境，人們用木桶來作為桌子和寫字檯進行交易。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-cash on the barrelhead.ogg

"[W]e're selling, to the highest bidder, and for cash on the barrel head. . . . Cash in hand, no checks accepted."

1938年September1日，Charles B. Parmer，“Serial Story: Photo Finish—Twelve”, in Telegraph-Herald，Iowa, US, retrieved 2013-07-23，頁 11:

[I]n 1946 the U.S. exported $2,166 million worth of food. . . . Most of this ($1,354 million) was paid for, cash on the barrelhead. But $628 million was the U.S. contribution to UNRRA stocks, and $184 million went through Lend-Lease.

1947 March 31, Foreign Relations: Potent Weapon, Time:

In return for support of an Iraq invasion, Turkey wanted—and got—immediate aid, cash on the barrelhead, rather than mere assurances about future help.

2003年February25日，Paul Krugman，“Threats, Promises and Lies”, in New York Times, retrieved 2013-07-22:


disgraceful

[dɪsˈɡɹeɪsfəɫ]

[dɪzˈɡɹeɪsfəɫ]


get up

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/EN-AU ck1 get up.ogg


hydrometer

/haɪˈdɹɑːmɪtɚ/


hydrothermal process

热液酌；熱液作用；熱液過程


hyetograph

/haɪˈɛtəɡɹæf/

/haɪˈɛtəɡɹɑːf/


hygrometer

/haɪˈɡɹɒmɪtə(ɹ)/


rye

源自中古英語 rie, reighe ← 古英語 ryġe ← 原始西日耳曼語 *rugi ← 原始日耳曼語 *rugiz ← 原始印歐語 *rúgʰis。
日耳曼語族內同源詞包括荷蘭語, 西弗里斯蘭語 rogge, 低地德語 Rogg, 德語 Roggen, 古諾爾斯語 rugr (丹麥語 rug, 瑞典語 råg)；非日耳曼語族同源詞包括俄語 рожь (rožʹ), 拉脫維亞語 rudzi。


Iowa

愛荷華州 (美國的一州)


ABC

音頻（美式，加利福尼亚）


ice cap

The ocean beneath the arctic ice cap hosts many unique organisms adapted to the cold and shortage of light.

北極冰帽下的海洋裡，生活著許多適應寒冷黑暗環境的生物。

The ice cap of Kilimanjaro is shrinking, and some researchers believe it will disappear within the next one hundred years.

乞力馬扎羅山的冰帽正在萎縮，部分研究者相信，它會在一百年內完全消失。

發燒時放在額頭上的冰袋。[自19世纪]

After the use of ice caps for some days it is well to provide cool bathing for the head, at least three times daily.

1903, Canadian Journal of Medicine and Surgery (volume 14, page lii)


icositetrahedron

icositetrahedra (plural)
icositetrahedrons (plural)


ignimbrite

/ˈɪɡnɪmbɹʌɪt/


images

image 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


impregnate

較早的形式作 impregn，源自中古法語 imprégner，源自古法語 enpreignier。

impregnates (third-person singular present)
impregnating (present participle)
impregnated (past participle)

I was impregnated at a clinic but don't know who the sperm donor is.

我在診所受孕，但不知道精子捐贈者是誰。

The queen at their head, the representative of the future, has not yet been impregnated. Their entire destiny depends on the ensuing nuptial flight.

1903 [1901]，Maurice Maeterlinck，譯者 Alfred Sutro, The Life of the Bee，New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company，頁 264:

使滲入，浸透，浸漬；用物質填滿孔隙或空間

It takes a little time for the personal fatty acids to impregnate new shoes or boots, but from the scent point of view leather is a sponge, and the personal scent is left.

1937，Hugh Bertie Campbell Pollard，The mystery of scent，頁 121:


index of refraction

[通訊][電機工程]折射率；折射系数；折光率；折射指數


illumination

借自中古法語 illumination，源自晚期拉丁語 illuminatio，源自拉丁語 illumino。


infrared detector

[通訊工程]红外探测器，紅外線偵測器，紅外線檢測器，紅外線檢波儀，紅外線探測儀


infrared radiation

[通訊工程][测绘学][氣象]红外辐射；红外线辐射，介於波長0.75或0.80微米至1000微米間之電磁輻射。


International Union of Geological Sciences


interpenetrate

interpenetrates (third-person singular present)
interpenetrating (present participle)
interpenetrated (past participle)


interruption

/ˌɪntəˈɹʌpʃən/


intersect

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-intersect.wav


intertropical convergence zone

热带内收敛带；熱帶輻合帶；赤道輻合帶


iodide

/ˈɑɪ.ə.ˌdɑɪd/


ion exchange

[氣象]离子交换，指離子在溶液與不溶性固體（通常是樹脂）間進行交換的程序。


ion exchange chromatography

离子交换色谱[法]；離子交換層析法


ion exchanger

[環境]离子交换剂；離子交換器。


ionization potential

电离势；游離電位；电离电位；電離位能


isotherm

/ˈaɪ.səʊˌθɜː(ɹ)m/


isotopic dating

同位素測年；同位素紀年；同位素年龄测定


isotropy

down this road, as they watched, came a wagon, then a couple of riders, then a coach and another wagon, in daylight which slowly lost its stark isotropy and was flowed into by clouds and chimney smoke and even episodes of weather

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage 2007, page 478,


itacolumite

源自 Itacolomi (巴西米納斯吉拉斯州地名，為此岩石的標準產地) + -ite。

可彎砂岩（一種多孔的黃色砂岩，切成薄條時具有柔韌性）


lapse rate

[氣象]温度垂直梯度；气块温度递减率；直減率；遞減率


digoxin

1930年代，由 digitoxin 縮略而來，源自 Digitalis lanata + toxin。


sticker

stickers (third-person singular present)
stickering (present participle)
stickered (past participle)


cup

:< 古英语 cuppe < 晚期拉丁语 cuppa，可能源出拉丁语 cūpa（盆）的变格 < 原始印欧语 *keup-（洼）。在中古英语时期，与相同拉丁语源的盎格鲁-诺尔曼语词汇 cupe 合并。


cup

cups (third-person singular present)
cupping (present participle)
cupped (past participle)


triangle

/ˈtɹaɪəŋɡəl/

/ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/

/ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/


dinosaurus

dinosauri (plural)
dinosauruses (plural)


amensalism

共生形式，其中一個物種受到傷害而另一個物種不受影響。


living fossil

/ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈfɒsəl/

/ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈfɑːsəl/


lutetium

鑥/镥/鎦 (台湾译名) - 化學元素，原子序為71，化學符號為Lu。


macroscopic

可以無須其他方式輔助，以肉眼觀查的；宏观的


magnetic field

David (1904) and Brunhes (1906) first observed magnetizations in lava flows that were roughly opposed to that of the present earth's magnetic field.

1983，Ronald T. Merrill, Michael W. McElhinny，The Earth's Magnetic Field: Its History, Origin, and Planetary Perspective，Academic Press，頁 135:

In contrast to the IQHE^([Integer Quantum Hall Effect]), the fractional quantum Hall effect occurs in much stronger magnetic fields, and in this case electrons cannot be considered as noninteracting ones.

1996, V. R. Khalilov, Electron Strong Magnetic Field, [1988, V. R. Khalilov, Elektroni v silnom magnetom poli, Energoatomizdat, Moscow], Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, page 123,

The magnetic field B bears the same relation to a hypothetical magnetic charge m as the electric field bears to the electric charge q, so the development of the previous chapter can be taken over completely. The stress tensor for a magnetic field Bᵢ is identical in form to that for the electric field. The energy density is obviously B²/8π and the magnetic field is a physical reality just like the electric field. Electric and magnetic fields superpose linearly[…]. This is perhaps a convenient place to remark that a magnetic field exerts no force whatever on an electric charge.

2007，Eugene N. Parker，Conversations on Electric and Magnetic Fields in the Cosmos，Princeton University Press，頁 25:

The turian homeworld, Palaven, has a metal-poor core, generating a weak magnetic field and allowing more solar radiation into the atmosphere.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect，Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：Turians: Biology Codex entry:

The scientific instruments of the day recorded rapid fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field, as powerful electrical currents flowed through the upper atmosphere.

2023年November15日，Prof. Jim Wild，“This train was delayed because of bad weather in space”, in RAIL，期 996，頁 30:


magnetometer

/ˌmæɡnɪˈtɒmɪtə/

/ˌmæɡnɪˈtɑmɪtɚ/


magnification

/ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/


manganese

/ˈmæŋɡəniːz/

锰(化學元素，原子序為25，化學符號為Mn)


marcasite

/ˈmɑːkəsʌɪt/


Markov chain

The probability density of the Bayseian posterior was estimated by Metropolis-coupled Markov chain Monte Carlo, with multiple incrementally heated chains.

2004年July27日，F. Keith Barker et al.，“Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation”, in PNAS，頁 11040，列 2:


Markov process

得名自俄羅斯數學家 Andrey Markov (Андре́й Андре́евич Ма́рков) (1856—1922)。

馬爾可夫過程，馬爾夫過程

It has been remarked in 1 that a Markov process with time reversal is again a Markov process.

2007，N. G. Van Kampen，Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry，第3rd版，頁 81:

The second part is written for probabilists and it studies the case where fast motions are certain Markov processes such as random evolutions and, in particular, diffusions.

2009，Yuri Kifer，“Large Deviations and Adiabatic Transitions for Dynamical Systems and Markov Processes in Fully Coupled Averaging”, in Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society，號 944，頁 vii:

In the theory of Markov processes most attention is given to homogeneous (in time) processes.

2013, M. G. Shur, Markov Process, entry in Michiel Hazewinkel (editor), Encyclopaedia of Mathematics, Volume 6, page 102,


mass transfer

传质；質量傳遞；質量轉移；質量傳送


material

/məˈtɪəɹɪəl/

音频（美式，加利福尼亚）


maturity

/məˈt͡ʃʊəɹəti/

/məˈtʊəɹəti/


maa

Now the twins started to cry and Malachy clung to Mam, sobbing. The cows mooed, the sheep maaed...


measuring

/ˈmɛʒ.ə.ɹɪŋ/


medial

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-medial.wav


mendelevium

來自Mendeleev + -ium；來自俄羅斯科學家德米特里·门捷列夫的名字，為元素週期表的創造者。曾替兩個早期發現的元素鉳和鉺提議了相同名稱，但都被拒絕了。

mendeleevium (alternative)
mendeleyevium (alternative)


mesa

一个三维图形库，具有类似于OpenGL的API。


metagenesis

/ˌmɛtəˈd͡ʒɛnəsɪs/


metamorphic

/ˌmɛtəˈmɔɹfɪk/


metamorphosis

/ˌmɛtəˈmɔːfəsɪs/

/ˌmɛtəmɔːˈfəʊsɪs/

/ˌmɛɾəˈmɔɹfəsɪs/


mimetic

more mimetic (comparative)
most mimetic (superlative)


mimicry

They say that mimicry is the sincerest form of flattery, but I still think I'm being mocked when he acts just like me.

When animal mimicry goes really wrong they don't just look like something that a predator would ignore, they look like lunch.


mineral deposit by chemical sedimentation


mineral deposit by mechanical sedimentation


mineralogy

/ˌmɪnəˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/

/ˌmɪnəˈɹɑləd͡ʒi/

分體詞：gemmology


TCP

:Template:計算機 Transmission Control Protocol（传输控制协议）之縮寫。


miracidium

/ˌmaɪɹəˈsɪdɪəm/


molybdenum

借自新拉丁語 molybdaenum，來自molybdaena (“任何像鉛的物質”)，來自古希臘語 μολύβδαινα (molúbdaina，“鉛墜，一塊鉛”)，來自μόλυβδος (mólubdos，“鉛；石墨”)，來自安那托利亞語族詞彙同源的呂底亞語 𐤪𐤠𐤭𐤦𐤥𐤣𐤠 (mariwda，“黑暗”)，來自原始印歐語 *morkʷ-iyo-，來自詞根*morkʷ- (“暗”)，與英語 murk同源。參見拉丁語 plumbum nigrum (“鉛”)。後綴為 + -um (“化學元素”)。
18世紀最後25年被證實。

molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum disulphide

The metals at preſent amount to 21 ; only 11 of which were known before the year 1730. Their names are gold, ſilver, platinum, mercury, copper, iron, tin, lead, zinc, antimony, biſmuth, arſenic, cobalt, nickel, manganeſe, tungſten, molybdenum, uranium, tellurium, titanium, chromum.

1803，“Of Metals”, in Supplement to the Third Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature，第2nd版, 卷 I，頁 225:

Technical terms like ferrite, perlite, graphite, and hardenite were bandied to and fro, and when Paget glibly brought out such a rare exotic as ferro-molybdenum, Benson forgot that he was a master ship-builder, […]

1928，Lawrence R. Bourne，章號 4, in Well Tackled!:

At pH levels below 5, wheat yields may be low, molybdenum may become unavailable to plants, and other trace elements may be concentrated to toxic levels.

1990，Arthur J. Conacher，“Salt of the Earth”, in Environment，卷 32, 號 6，頁 40:

a quadruple bond between molybdenums

Thus in M₄O₁₁, for example, ¾ of the molybdenums are octahedrally connected and ¼ are tetrahedrally coordinated and, furthermore, the formula is compatible with the existence of one Mo(IV) for every three Mo(VI), so at first glance the compound might appear to be a class I mixed valence system.

2007，Peter Day，Molecules into Materials: Case Studies in Materials Chemistry—Mixed Valency, Magnetism and Superconductivity，頁 233:


moor

[möː(ə̯)~mʊ̈ː(ə̯)]

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-moor.wav


moor

[möː(ə̯)~mʊ̈ː(ə̯)]


mosaic

mosaics (third-person singular present)
mosaicing (present participle)
mosaiced (past participle)


mosses

複數形式 mosses 表示有多種苔蘚；複數形式 moss 則表示許多同種苔蘚。


mosses

moss 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


mud

泥，粘土或淤泥與水的混合物所形成的一種膠質體，其粒徑大部分在0.06毫米以下。


mylonite

/ˈmʌɪlənʌɪt/


natural radioactivity

[環境]天然放射性；自然放射性，主要來自於鈾的輻射，在石頭、土壤、建築材料等物質中也有少許含量。


nautilus

:出自拉丁语 nautilus，出自古希腊语 ναυτίλος (nautílos)。


neodymium

钕(化學元素，原子序為60，化學符號為Nd)


neptunium

錼，镎(化學元素，原子序為93，化學符號為Np)


nickel

镍(化學元素，原子序為28，化學符號為Ni)


niobium

铌(化學元素，原子序為41，化學符號為Nb)


nitrate

[ˈnaɪ̯ˌtʰɹeɪ̯t]


norm

正體| 範數[電子計算機]

規範：一已確立的標準、指南或法規。作為立法主體、公司、法庭、政府機關、法律、和道德倫理的規則。


normal distribution

[電機工程][通訊工程]正态分布；正常分布；常態分佈；常態分配


north pole

/ˌnɔːθ ˈpəʊl/

/ˌnɔɹθ ˈpoʊl/


ocean current

海流；洋流，指沿著一定路徑呈網狀方式流動的海洋水流。


odometer

/oʊˈdɑːmətɚ/


order

orders (third-person singular present)
ordering (present participle)
ordered (past participle)


organic pollution

[環境]有机污染，指來自活有機體和死亡有機體的動植物物質所造成的污染。這些污染物可能含有病原菌及環境的負面影響。


orientation

/ˌɔɹiɛnˈteɪʃən/


orogenic

/ɒɹə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk/


orthopyroxene

/ˌɔːθə(ʊ)paɪˈɹɒksiːn/

/ˌɔɹθoʊpaɪˈɹɑksin/


osmium

锇(化學元素，原子序為76，化學符號為Os)


Aber

亞伯，即亞伯立斯威，位於威爾斯中部的城市


overfold

/ˈəʊvəfəʊld/


oxbow lake

Humans called this an oxbow lake—one that had originally been part of the river.

人类将其称为牛轭湖——它原本是河流的一部分。

1988，Octavia E. Butler，“Part II, Chapter 1”, in Adulthood Rites，頁 69:


palladium

钯(化學元素，原子序為46，化學符號為Pd)


particle size

粒度；粒子大小；粒徑；顆粒大小


pharmacolite

源自古希臘語 φάρμακον (phármakon，“藥物、毒物”)與λίθος (líthos，“石頭”)的組合，因其為含砷礦物而得名。


phosphorescence

/ˌfɑːsfəˈɹɛsəns/


photographic

/ˌfoʊtəˈɡɹæfɪk/

[ˌfoʊɾəˈɡɹæfɪk]


plan

【词语】：计划，规划
【释义】：①工作或行动以前预先拟定的具体内容和步骤。


Arabia

借自拉丁語 Arabia。


archaeological

more archaeological (comparative)
most archaeological (superlative)

A living floor is, in archaeological terms, the floor of a cave upon which people lived and which retains evidence of their activities.

从考古学角度来说，生活层是指人们居住的洞穴的地面，上面保留着他们活动的证据。

2018，Tim Flannery，Europe: A Natural History，頁 202:


archer

繼承自中古英語 archer、archere，來自古法語 archier，來自通俗拉丁語 *arcārius，改自arcuārius，來自拉丁語 arcus (“弓”)。本土古英語 sċytta的移位。

/ˈɑː(ɹ).t͡ʃə(ɹ)/


archer

/ˈɑː(ɹ).t͡ʃə(ɹ)/

arch 的比較級形式。


aristocrat

aristocrat
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：贵族
* 正體中文：貴族


armageddon

/ˌɑː(ɹ).məˈɡɛ.dn̩/

/ˌɑɹ.məˈɡɛ.dn̩/


armful

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-armful.wav


plankton

借自德語 Plankton、由德國的動物學家和海洋生物學家Victor Hensen造出其衍生自古希臘語 πλαγκτός (planktós，“漂流者”)，來自πλάζω (plázō，“轉身離開，徘徊”)。


plutonium

鈽，鐪，钚(化學元素，原子序為94，化學符號為Pu)


polygonal

/pəˈlɪɡənəl/


positive ion

[電機工程]阳离子；正離子


praseodymium

镨(化學元素，原子序為59，化學符號為Pr)


processing

/ˈpɹəʊsɛsɪŋ/


promethium

鉕(化學元素，原子序為61，化學符號為Pm)


protactinium

鏷(化學元素，原子序為91，化學符號為Pa)


protractor

以前用於從傷處取出異物的工具


generosity

/ˌd͡ʒɛnəˈɹɑsəti/

/ˌd͡ʒɛnəˈɹɒsɪti/


turmoil

未知。首个记录见于1520年，可能源自古法語 tremouille (“磨粉机的漏斗”)。

Oleg Blokhin's side lost the talismanic Andriy Shevchenko to the substitutes' bench because of a knee injury but still showed enough to put England through real turmoil in spells.

2012年June19日，Phil McNulty，“England 1-0 Ukraine”, in BBC Sport:

The Taoists developed their philosophy during an extended era of turmoil known as the Warring States period of Chinese history.

2024年January14日，Charles Hugh Smith，Self-Reliance, Taoism and the Warring States:


turmoil

turmoils (third-person singular present)
turmoiling (present participle)
turmoiled (past participle)


tungsten

鎢(化學元素，原子序為74，化學符號為W)


vacuole

/ˈvækjʊˌəʊl/


obituary

/əˈbɪtjʊəɹɪ/

/əʊ̯ˈbɪtjʊəɹɪ/

/əˈbɪtjʊəɹiː/

/əʊ̯ˈbɪtjʊəɹiː/

/əˈbɪtʃuˌɜɹi/

/oʊˈbɪtʃuˌɜɹi/

/oʊˈbɪtʃəɹi/


obituary

/əˈbɪtjʊəɹɪ/

/əʊ̯ˈbɪtjʊəɹɪ/

/əˈbɪtjʊəɹiː/

/əʊ̯ˈbɪtjʊəɹiː/

/əˈbɪtʃuˌɜɹi/

/oʊˈbɪtʃuˌɜɹi/

/oʊˈbɪtʃəɹi/


enunciation

/ɪˌnʌn.ʃɪˈeɪ.ʃən/


overhaul

/ˈəʊvəˌhɔːl/

/ˌəʊvəˈhɔːl/


overhaul

/ˈəʊvəˌhɔːl/

/ˌəʊvəˈhɔːl/


stoichiometry

源自Jeremias Benjamin Richter在1792年所創的德語 Stöchiometrie 。等價於 古希臘語 στοιχεῖον (stoikheîon，“元素”) + -metry。

特定反應或方程式的反應物和產物之間的定量關係。


chlorophyll

源自法語 chlorophylle，來自古希臘語χλωρός (khlōrós，“淺綠”)和φύλλον (phúllon，“葉子”)。

chlorophyl (alternative)
chlorophylls (plural)


prosthetic

/ˌpɹɑsˈθɛtɪk/


respiratory

/ɹɪˈspɪɹət(ə)ɹi/

/ɹɪˈspʌɪɹət(ə)ɹi/

/ˈɹɛspəɹəˌtɔɹi/

/ɹɪˈspaɪɹəˌtɔɹi/


mollusc

:出自新拉丁语 Mollusca ("软体门")，出自拉丁语 molluscus ("软")。

(动物学) Mollusca门的軟體動物，常带有坚硬的外壳。

比喻没有骨气、缺乏坚定意志的人。


rachis

(花序的)花軸，葉軸，羽軸(被花朵、葉片、羽片附著的枝條)


oxo

一個通過雙鍵與另一個原子相連的取代性氧原子


immunologic cytotoxicity

籍著毀壞或損壞外來或反常細胞來避免誤認為安全的機制


pyrolysis

/pɪˈɹɒlɪsɪs/


pyrope

來自拉丁語 pyrōpus，來自古希臘語 πῦρ (pûr) + ὤψ (ṓps)。


quadratic

借自法語 quadratique (1765)，派生自拉丁語 quadrātus + -ique（英語 -ic），源自quadrō (“我做正方形”)，源自quādrus (“正方形”)，最終源自原始印歐語 *kʷetwóres (“四”)，同 拉丁語 quartus (“四”)。

二次多項式的，涉及變量的二次冪（平方）但沒有更高的冪的，如 ax²+bx+c。

二次方程式的，如 ax²+bx+c=0。

二次函式的，如y=ax²+bx+c。


quadratic

quadratick (alternative)
quadratics (plural)

和 quartic (“四次”) 不同。兩者都派生自 原始印歐語 *kʷetwóres (“四”)，而 quadratic 則源自「四邊的」，因此代表「二維」、「二次」的意思。


luminal

化學物品發光胺(luminol)的誤拼


appendage

附屬器官，附屬肢體(如臂、腿、尾等)


torso

(沒有頭和手的)裸體軀體雕像


insulation

/ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/


antibiotic

more antibiotic (comparative)
most antibiotic (superlative)

與地球外生命體不存在的理論相關的


parenchyma

/pəˈɹɛŋ.kɪm.ə/


peroxisome

過氧化物酶體(細胞器的一種)


lactic

乳(汁)的，由乳汁取得的


hexose

己醣(有六個碳原子的單醣類)；六碳醣


pentose

戊醣(有五個碳原子的單醣類)


glycosidic bond

醣甘鍵(連接兩個單醣類的鍵結)


probiotic

more probiotic (comparative)
most probiotic (superlative)


electrocardiogram

EKG (alternative)
electrocardiograms (plural)

/əˌlɛktɹəˈkɑɹdi.əˌɡɹæm/


sonogram

/ˈsəʊ.nəˌɡɹæm/

/ˈsɒnəˌɡɹæm/


abiotic

首次記錄於1874年。源自 a- + biotic，前半部分源自 古希臘語 ἀ- (a-)，後半部分源自 古希臘語 βιωτικός (biōtikós，“生命的”)，源自βίος (bíos，“生命”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós)。


poikilothermic

體溫隨環境而變化的，變溫的


chloroform

借自法語 chloroforme，这个词于1834年由讓-巴蒂斯特·杜馬所造，由 terchloride（“三氯化物”）和 formyle（“甲酰基”）混合而成。By surface analysis, chloro- + -form。

Some assume that chloroform is a gas because it was given by inhalation.

一些人认为氯仿是一种气体，因为它是通过吸入而产生的。


chloroform

chloroforms (third-person singular present)
chloroforming (present participle)
chloroformed (past participle)


little

less (comparative)
lesser (comparative)
littler (comparative)
least (superlative)
littlest (superlative)


little

less (comparative)
lesser (comparative)
least (superlative)

Words mean little without real work.


cardiotoxin

心臟毒素 (毒蛇毒液中的成份)


important

源自中古英語 important ← 中世紀拉丁語 importānt-, importāns。

more important (comparative)
most important (superlative)

[ɪmˈpʰɔːʔn̩t]

[ɪmˈpʰɔɹʔn̩t]

[ɪmˈpʰɔɹʔɪ̃nt̚]

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-important.wav


lactase

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lactase.wav


building

來自中古英語 bildyng、buildyng、buyldyng、byldyng、bulding、beldyng，等同於build + -ing。

The building of the bridge will be completed in a couple of weeks.

這座橋幾星期內就能建好。

One particularly damaging, but often ignored, effect of conflict on education is the proliferation of attacks on schools[…]as children, teachers or school buildings become the targets of attacks. Parents fear sending their children to school. Girls are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence.

冲突对教育产生的一个特别有害但往往被忽视的影响是，对学校的袭击激增 […] ，因为儿童、教师或学校建筑成为袭击的目标。家长们害怕送他们的孩子去学校。女孩特别容易遭受性暴力。

2013年July19日，Mark Tran，“Denied an education by war”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 6，頁 1:

My sister lives in that apartment building.

我姊妹住在那棟公寓樓裡。


bath

[bæθ⁓bɛəθ⁓beəθ]


bath

[bæθ⁓bɛəθ⁓beəθ]


automatic

/ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/

/ˌɔtəˈmætɪk/

[ˌɔɾəˈmæɾɪk]


automatic

/ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/

/ˌɔtəˈmætɪk/

[ˌɔɾəˈmæɾɪk]


quartzite

Following the course of the river from New Ulm to Fort Ridgely, there are several exposures of reddish-brown “granite” or quartzites, which has been quarried in a few places, but I do not feel entirely sure of its connection with the rocks in the prairie or at the Ferry below.

1869，James Hall，“Notes upon the Geology of Some Portions of Minnesota, from St. Paul to the Western Part of the State”, in Transactions of the American Philosophical Society，卷 XIII，頁 331:

The stone experimented upon being of the hardest and toughest kind the effect is not seen for several strokes ; but within two minutes, during which the writer watched the experiment, a steel chisel was completely blunted and rendered useless, and there was a hole made about two inches deep in the mass of quartzite placed to operate upon.

1870年November7日，Professor Ansted，“The Passage of the Mont Cenis”, in The Gentleman's Magazine，卷 229，頁 656:

Granites of the usual type, compact reddish or greyish quartz-felsite or rhyolite alternate one with another. A mica-trap is also found. Evidently this is an extension of the last group of rocks. A specimen of epidotic quartzite proves that there are, at any rate, some indications of the metamorphic series.

1883，T. G. Bonney，“On a Collection of Rock Specimens from the Island of Socotra”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society，卷 174，頁 273:


quaternary

/ˈkwɑːtɚˌnɛəɹi/


radiation detector

[電子電機工程]辐射探测器


radioactive contamination

放射性沾染；放射性污染，指某種物質、生命有機體或場址遭受放射性物質的污染。


radioactive substance

[電機工程][環境]放射性物质；放射質，源自於核子設施及放射性元素之開採、純化與濃縮的過程，致使放射性物質釋放至環境中。


radioactive tracer

放射性示蹤劑：同位素進入生物體系統中，可以利用放射性檢測儀追蹤，能夠測定出被同位素輻射損害物質的分佈及位置。


radiocarbon age

放射性碳年龄;放射性碳龄;放射碳年


radiocarbon dating

放射性碳测定年代；放射性碳测年


radionuclide

放射性核素；放射性核種，具有放射性之核種。


reconnaissance

源自法語 reconnaissance (“識別”)。recognizance 的同源對似詞。

recce (alternative)
recon (alternative)
reconnaissances (plural)

The third member, Sergeant Pieter Rousseau, had been with the back-up teams at the Hub; he was an expert on space reconnaissance instrumentation, but on this trip he would have to depend on his own eyes and a small portable telescope.

1973, Arthur C. Clarke, Rendezvous with Rama


recovery time

Actually, the point-to-point times in general were not varied; the additions were all in the form of blocks of recovery time over certain selected stretches of line.

1959 October，Cecil J. Allen，“Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 475:


redox potential

氧化还原势；氧化還原反應電位


refraction

/ɹəˈfɹækʃən/


refractive index

[通信][電機工程]折射率;折射系数；折射率指數


regional

/ˈɹiːdʒənəl/


rejects

reject 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


relict

A small number of linguists believe that Cimbrian is not an Austro-Bavarian dialect but a relict of Lombardic.


remote control

A single slice of this could leave you supine in front of the Queen's speech without even the wherewithal to reach for the remote control.

2011年December15日，Felicity Cloake，“How to cook the perfect nut roast”, in Guardian:

The bomb was detonated by remote control.


reproducer

Local musicians were not just passive reproducers of the tradition.

当地音乐家并非只是传统的被动复制者。

2000，David Greer, Ian Rumbold, Jonathan King，Musicology and Sister Disciplines，頁 304:

專論中，用於縮小的比例上重現引擎衝程的裝置

重現錯誤或其他相關狀況的一系列步驟


restoration

/ɹɛstəˈɹeɪʃən/


right bank

同類詞：left bank


rock crystal

[…] I have for Trials sake taken Lumps of Rock Crystal, and Heating them Red hot in a Crucible, I found according to my Expectation, that being Quench’d in Fair water, even those that remain’d in seemingly entire Lumps, exchang’d their Translucency for Whiteness […]

1664, Robert Boyle, Experiments and Considerations Touching Colours, London: Henry Herringman, Chapter 1, p. 114,

[…] I saw his Body, in Episcopal Robes, lying upon the Altar in a Shrine of Rock-Crystal.

1718, Joseph Addison, Remarks on Several Part of Italy, London: J. Tonson, pp. 22-23,

[…] there in the laboratory we beheld a larger edition of the little mechanism which we had seen vanish from before our eyes. Parts were of nickel, parts of ivory, parts had certainly been filed or sawn out of rock crystal.

1895, H. G. Wells, The Time Machine, New York: Henry Holt, Chapter 1, p. 24,

I wondered whether I ought to speak to Brideshead, but that grim, rock-crystal mask forbade all confidence.

1945, Evelyn Waugh, Brideshead Revisited, Boston: Little, Brown, Chapter 5, p. 131,

At New Year he had given Anne a present of silver forks with handles of rock crystal.

2009, Hilary Mantel, Wolf Hall, London: Fourth Estate, Part 4, Chapter 1, p. 296,


roentgen

/ˈɹɜːnt.ɡən/


darmstadtium

名稱以德國城市達姆城（Darmstadt）命名，因這裡為首次合成出此元素的地方， + -ium。

/dɑːɹmˈʃtɑːtiəm/


ruthenium

钌(化學元素，原子序為44，化學符號為Ru)


card

長方形的紙條或塑料條；卡；板


card

cards (third-person singular present)
carding (present participle)
carded (past participle)


yttrium

钇（金屬化學元素，原子序為39，化學符號為Y）


meitnerium

Meitner + -ium；名稱來自莉泽·迈特纳（Lise Meitner）。


samarium

釤(化學元素，原子序為62，化學符號為Sm)


tin

錫(化學元素，原子序為50，化學符號為Sn)


titanium

Even as FDA works to develop that plan, consumers continue to be exposed to unsafe food chemicals including not just dyes but also the artificial sweetener aspartame, the white pigment titanium dioxide, the preservative propylparaben, and the phthalate food packaging chemicals, according to CSPI.

2025年January15日，“FDA moves to eliminate carcinogenic Red 3 from foods”, in Center for Science in the Public Interest:


ytterbium

鐿(化學元素，原子序為70，化學符號為Yb)


a cappella

借自意大利語 alla cappella (“以[西斯廷]教堂的方式”)，指非器樂合唱團。

a capella (alternative)
acapella (alternative)
a cappellas (plural)

/ˌɑ kəˈpɛl.ə/

阿卡貝拉／阿卡佩拉，無伴奏合唱


a cappella

a capella (alternative)
acapella (alternative)

/ˌɑ kəˈpɛl.ə/

沒有樂器伴奏地 （自19世紀晚期）

Groups of teens singing a cappella on street corners got recording contracts.

一群在街角唱無伴奏合唱的青少年獲得了錄音合同。


a cappella

/ˌɑ kəˈpɛl.ə/

無伴奏合唱的 （首次記錄於19世紀晚期）

An a cappella group sang during the wedding reception.

一個無伴奏合唱團在婚宴上唱歌。

與一種主要與美國大學表演團體相關的純聲樂形式有關的

Socially, a cappella groups tend to be tight-knit ensembles in which close interpersonal relationships are formed.

2012，Joshua S. Duchan，Powerful Voices，頁 2:


prank

pranks (third-person singular present)
pranking (present participle)
pranked (past)
pranked (past participle)
prankt (past participle)


dentin

來自法語 dentine，來自拉丁語 dens (“牙齒”) + 英語化學後綴-in / -ine。


company

一群同行，一群同事，一群訪客。

携手同行的友谊，相伴相随之情。

(非正式) 特工机构，特务组织，情报部门。


company

(用法已过时) 性交，发生性关系。


organization

/ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/

/ˌɔɹɡənɪˈzeɪʃən/

/ˌɔɹɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/


gun

銃、槍砲，包含所有大小的管身射擊武器。


gun

guns (third-person singular present)
gunning (present participle)
gunned (past participle)


language

/ˈlæŋɡwɪd͡ʒ/

[ˈleɪŋɡwɪd͡ʒ]

a language is a dialect with an army and navy

language analysis for the determination of origin


selection

派生自拉丁語 sēlēctiō。


low

lower (comparative)
lowest (superlative)


plant

澳大利亞，美國，加拿大，北英格蘭

澳大利亞，美國，加拿大，北英格蘭

澳大利亞，美國，加拿大，北英格蘭

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-plant.wav


plant

澳大利亞，美國，加拿大，北英格蘭

澳大利亞，美國，加拿大，北英格蘭

澳大利亞，美國，加拿大，北英格蘭


a good many

The government has enacted a good many reforms.

政府實施了許多改革措施。


a la carte

à la carte的另一種寫法


a la carte

à la carte的另一種寫法


a la mode

借自法語 à la mode (“時尚的”)。

à la mode (alternative)
alamode (alternative)
ala mode (alternative)

Our pie a la mode has a scoop of vanilla ice cream on top.

With a bowl of beef stew, apple pie a la mode, and two cups of coffee under his belt, Gus Wilson walked leisurely back to the Model Garage.

November 1959, "Martin Bunn", Popular Science, Gus Pulls a Switch:

（牛肉）以酒熬煮成濃汁的；用蔬菜燉煮並塗上豬油的


a la mode

借自法語 à la mode (“時尚的”)。

à la mode (alternative)
alamode (alternative)
ala mode (alternative)
more a la mode (comparative)
most a la mode (superlative)


a posteriori

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 ā posteriōrī。康德將其作為藝術術語引入後用於哲學。

more a posteriori (comparative)
most a posteriori (superlative)

What Locke calls "knowledge" they have called "a priori knowledge"; what he calls "opinion" or "belief" they have called "a posteriori" or "empirical knowledge".
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

1988, Woolhouse, R. S., The empiricists, Oxford University Press.

在現有語言的基礎上發展的


a posteriori

FALLACIES of the modern worldview have to do with the conception of the world as substance or machinery, mistaking abstractions for reality, confusing origins and truth, failing to attribute feeling to things that feel, recognising ethics as exclusively anthropocentric, thinking a posteriori, objectifying facts as separated from values, reducing the complex to the simple and dividing knowledge into distinct disciplines that produce experts who are often wrong.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）


a priori

首次記錄於1610年，借自拉丁語 ā priōrī (字面意思是“源自前者”)。

apriori (alternative)
more a priori (comparative)
most a priori (superlative)

/ˌeɪ pɹaɪˈɔːɹaɪ/

/ˌɑː pɹiˈɔːɹi/


A-bomb

(俚語)


A-bomb

A-bombs (third-person singular present)
A-bombing (present participle)
A-bombed (past participle)


A-one

船身和設備都保持最佳狀況的


political

more political (comparative)
most political (superlative)


Aaronic

Aaronical (alternative)
more Aaronic (comparative)
most Aaronic (superlative)


clock

clocks (third-person singular present)
clocking (present participle)
clocked (past participle)


ab initio

借自拉丁語 ab (“從”) + initiō，initium (“開始”) 的離格單數。


aba

源自阿拉伯語 عَبَاءَة (ʕabāʔa)。對照abaya。

阿巴原色粗呢（山羊或骆驼毛织物）

阿拉伯式寬鬆無袖服裝，由上述材料或絲綢製成（首次使用於19世紀早期）

'A pale mauve abba such as you buy in the East.'

1934，Agatha Christie，章號 5, in Murder on the Orient Express，London: HarperCollins, 出版於 2017，頁 110:

Here Nessim would sit night after night in the winter, dressed in his old rust-coloured abba, staring gravely at Betelgeuse, or hovering over books of calculations for all the world like a medieval soothsayer.

阿拉伯式斗篷，一種由上述材料製成的外衣，形式非常簡單，是沙漠中的阿拉伯人所穿的，形式如插圖所示，由兩種寬度不同的材料縫合在一起，形成一個大約 4 x 9 英尺的長方形。


aba

* 來自發明者的名字，法國探險家A. T. d' Abbadie。

用於陸地和水上的天文經緯儀


abattis

abatis的另一種拼寫法

He withdrew Torfrida and his men into the heart of the forest,—no hint of the place is given by the chronicler,—cut down trees, formed an abattis of trunks and branches, and awaited the enemy.

1866，Charles Kingsley，章號 34, in Hereward the Wake，London: Nelson，頁 469:


abattoir

/ˈæbəˌtwɑː(ɹ)/


Abba

聖父(有些東正教和希臘正教對主教的尊稱)

天父(基督教祈禱時對上帝的稱呼)


abbatial

繼承自中古英語 abbacyal，派生自中古法語 abbatial，派生自晚期拉丁語 abbatialis，源自abbatia (“大修道院，大寺院”) + -ialis (“具有…特性的”)。

abbatical (alternative)
more abbatial (comparative)
most abbatial (superlative)

/ˈæˌbeɪ.ʃl̩/

修道院的 （自17世紀）


abbe

(對法國教士的尊稱)神父;牧師;長老


abbey

修道院全院修士(或修女)


abbreviate

Either from 中古英語 abbreviaten, from 拉丁語 abbreviātus, perfect passive participle of abbreviō (“to shorten”), formed from ad + breviō (“shorten”), from brevis (“short”) or abbreviation 的逆構詞. abridge 的同源對似詞.

abbreviates (third-person singular present)
abbreviating (present participle)
abbreviated (past participle)


abbreviation

首見於1400–50年。來自中古英語 abbreviacioun，來自中古法語 abreviation，來自晚期拉丁語 abbreviātiō，來自拉丁語 ad + breviō (“縮短”)，來自brevis (“短的”)。
形態上abbreviate + -ion。相當於ab- + brevi- + -ation。

:Template:樂（樂譜上的）省略號


abdicate

* 首次記錄於1541年。
* 派生自拉丁語 abdicātus (“放棄的”)，abdicō (“放棄，拒絕”) 的完成被動分詞，源自ab (“離開”) + dicō (“宣告、表明”)，類似於dīcō (“說”)。

abdicates (third-person singular present)
abdicating (present participle)
abdicated (past participle)

否認某人並將其驅逐出家庭；聲明和……斷絕關係；剝奪繼承權（16世紀中期至19世紀早期）

正式將自己從某處脫離 （16世紀中期至17世紀晚期）

廢黜、廢位 （17世紀早期至18世紀晚期）

去除；拋棄；放棄 （16世紀中期至17世紀晚期）

betray and abdicate the due right both of ourselves and successors

投降、放棄或交出（主權等）；不再擔任或履行高級職位、身分 （首次記錄於17世紀）

to abdicate the throne, the crown, the papacy

The cross-bearers abdicated their service.

1776，Edward Gibbon，The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire:

He abdicates all right to be his own governor.

1790，Edmund Burke，Reflections on the Revolution in France:

The understanding abdicates its functions.

1856，James Anthony Froude，History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth:

放棄王位或其他高級職位、身分 （18世紀早期－）

Though a king may abdicate for his own person, he cannot abdicate for the monarchy.


abdication

首次記錄於1552年。派生自中古法語 abdication，派生自拉丁語 abdicātiō (“放棄、廢棄”)，源自abdicō。

斷絕或剝奪孩子的繼承權的行為（16世紀中期至17世紀中期）

退位；放棄高級職位、或信任的行為 （首次記錄於17世紀初期）

自願放棄主權 （首次記錄於17世紀晚期）

abdication of the throne, government, power, authority

放棄財產權益或法律上的要求 （僅記錄於18世紀中期）

退位；被廢黜 （僅記錄於17世紀中期）


aneurysm

借自古希臘語 ἀνεύρυσμα (aneúrusma，“擴大，擴張”)，源自 ἀνευρύνω (aneurúnō，“擴張，膨脹”，動詞)，源自 ἀνά (aná，“往上”) + εὐρύς (eurús，“寬”)。


abdominocentesis

腹腔穿刺術；使用套管從腹部吸取腹腔積液以進行評估。


abdominous

【解剖学】腹(部)的；位于腹部的

【动物学】(鱼)有腹鳍的


abduce

派生自拉丁語 abdūcō (“帶走”)，源自ab (“從；離開”) + dūcō (“帶領”)。

abduces (third-person singular present)
abducing (present participle)
abduced (past participle)

牽引；導走；帶走；收回；引向不同的部位；將肢體移出，遠離身體中央 （16世紀中期）

If we abduce the eye unto either corner, the object will not duplicate.

得出結論（尤其在元分析中）；推斷 （20世紀初期）


abduct

派生自拉丁語 abductus，abduco (“帶走”)的完成被動分詞，源自 ab (“遠離”) + duco (“帶領”)。
* (生理學)： abduction 的逆構詞。

abducts (third-person singular present)
abducting (present participle)
abducted (past participle)

誘拐；劫持；綁架 （17世紀早期）

That same night he had by force abducted the president and the secretary of the club, and had taken them, much against their will upon a voyage in the wonderful air-ship, the “Albatross,” which he had constructed.

1904，Jules Verne，章號 16, in The Master of the World:

to abduct children

使外展 （17世紀早期）


Abel

繼承自中古英語 Abel，繼承自古英語 Ābel，源自拉丁語 Abel，源自古希臘語 Ἅβελ (Hábel)，源自聖經希伯來語 הֶבֶל (heḇel，“蒸汽；呼吸；愚蠢；荒謬”)，可能源自阿卡德語 𒌉𒍑 (ablu，“兒子”)。

And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him.

該隱與他兄弟亞伯說話，二人正在田間，該隱起來打他兄弟亞伯，把他殺了。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 4:8:

源自希伯來語的男性人名。


abeam

正橫著(指與船的龍骨或飛機機身成直角)

正對著船舷(或機身)中部，向著船舷(或機身)


vert

源自中古英語 vert，源自古法語 vert，源自拉丁語 viridis。 virid 的同源對似詞。

vert：

（可用来给鹿作掩护的）绿色灌木丛

“I understand thee,” said the King, “and the Holy Clerk shall have a grant of vert and venison in my woods of Warncliffe.”


vert

more vert (comparative)
most vert (superlative)


vert

滑板或滑雪者所用的垂直平面


abilityphone

萬能電話(專為殘障者設計的電腦化電話裝置)


abigail

源自人名Abigail，17世紀初的劇作《The Scornful Lady》中一位女侍者的名字。

女僕，侍女，丫頭 （17世紀中期－19世紀）

It was therefore concluded that the Abigails should, by turns, relieve each other on one of his lordship’s horses, which was presently equipped with a side-saddle for that purpose.

In the servants’ hall two coachmen and three gentlemen’s gentlemen stood or sat round the fire; the abigails, I suppose, were upstairs with their mistresses; the new servants, that had been hired from Millcote, were bustling about everywhere.


Abidjan

/ˌæb.ɪˈdʒɑn/

/ˌæb.əˈdʒɑn/

/ˈæb.əˌdʒɑn/

阿必尚(非洲象牙海岸之首都)


abiding

more abiding (comparative)
most abiding (superlative)


abide

來自中古英語 abiden，来自古英語 ābīdan (“坚持，留下，拖延；存活；等待；期待”)，来自原始日耳曼語 *uzbīdaną (“期待，容忍”)，等价于a- + bide。与低地蘇格蘭語 abyde (“堅持，保持”)，中古高地德語 erbīten (“等待，期待”)，哥特語 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (usbeidan，“期待，等待，有耐心”)同源。“承担后果”之意是受aby影响。

abides (third-person singular present)
abiding (present participle)
abode (past)
abided (past)
abode (past participle)
abided (past participle)
abidden (past participle)
âbide (alternative)

(容忍)： 否定形式can't abide用於表示強烈的厌恶。

If it be found ſo, ſome will deere abide it.
#::: 要是果然如此，有几个人将要付重大的代价。

莎士比亚《裘力斯·凯撒》第三幕第二场：


abhorrent

借自拉丁語 abhorrēns, abhorrēntis，abhorreō (“痛恨”) 的現在主動分詞。等價於abhor + -ent。

more abhorrent (comparative)
most abhorrent (superlative)

背离的，相悖的，相反的 （16世纪末）

abhorrent thoughts

The persons most abhorrent from blood, and treason, and arbitrary confiscation, might remain silent spectators of this civil war between the vices.

1803，Edmund Burke，Reflections on the Revolution in France:

与...相反的，与...不协调的（17世纪中叶）

This legal, and, as it should seem, injudicious profanation, so abhorrent to out stricter principles, was received with a very faint murmur, ...

1827，Edward Gibbon，The History of the Decline And Fall of the Roman Empire:

In establishing his ideal state he expressed some opinions utterly abhorrent to our customs and ways of living. He believed, for instance, that all wives should be held in common ... with the result that no one could tell his own children from those of a perfect stranger.

1990，James Hankins，Plato in the Italian Renaissance:

怀恨的，憎恶的，痛恨的 （18世纪中叶）

令人厌恶的，可恨的，可憎的 （19世纪初叶）

If Pride, abhorrent as it is, and if Ambition, ...

That, I protest, is a doctrine psychologically impossible and ethically abhorrent.

The arts of pleasure in despotic courts I spurn, abhorrent; in a spotless heart I look for pleasure.


safety valve

outlet

發洩情緒的途徑，舒緩情緒的方法

release

發洩情緒的途徑，舒緩情緒的方法

Spun glass mattresses are used for lagging the boiler, which has three Ross pop safety valves on the front ring.

1941 April，“British Locomotive Developments”, in The Railway Magazine，London: Tothill Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 173:

[A]nd to show that there was no shortage of steam, Royal Scot, directly we stopped, blew off vigorously from its safety-valves steam that well might have been used in the cylinders in the interest of timekeeping.

1959 April，Cecil J. Allen，“Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Trains Illustrated，London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 185:

用於關閉盛放氣體或蒸汽的容器以防止壓力過度流失的閥門

發洩情緒的途徑，舒緩情緒的方法

美國的一條法律，編入美国法典第§3553條，授權法官對很少或沒有犯罪前科的罪犯不適用強制性最低刑罰

Hernández additionally requested that he be given a two-level safety-valve reduction pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2, which mitigates the harsh effect of mandatory minimum sentences on certain first-time offenders who played only supporting roles in drug-trafficking schemes and who provided testimony about their involvement in the criminal activity.

2020年June30日，David Jeremiah Barron, Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit，“United States v. Hernández-Hernández”, in Federal Reporter […] (No. 19-1123)，卷 964, St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2023-07-02，頁 100:


safety valve

safety valves (third-person singular present)
safety valving (present participle)
safety valved (past participle)


sag

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-sag.wav


salt balance

盐分平衡；盐量平衡；盐平衡


abjuration

首見於1439年，繼承自中古英語 abjuracioun，派生自拉丁語 abiūrātiō (“棄絕、放棄”)，源自ab (“遠離”) + iūrō (“發誓或宣誓”)，派生自iūs (“法律、權利、義務”)。對照法語 abjuration。

/ˌæb.d͡ʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/

/ˌæb.d͡ʒəˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/

/ˌæb.d͡ʒʊɹˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/


abjectly

more abjectly (comparative)
most abjectly (superlative)


abjection

/æbˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃn̩/


abirritation

/ˌæb.ɪɹ.ɪˈteɪ.ʃn̩/


abirritate

/æbˈɪɹ.ɪˌteɪt/


scale factor

标度因数；比例因數；标度因子；定标因数


scaling factor

换算系数；比例因數；定標因數；標度因數


abuser

來自abuse + -er。其當用義項最早在1350年到1470年間使用。

誤用者，非法使用者 （17世紀中葉到18世紀中葉之間使用）


ableism

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ableism.wav


able-bodied

[ˈeɪbɫ ˈbɑːɾɪd]


ablative

繼承自中古英語 ablative, ablatife, ablatyf, ablatif，派生自古法語 ablatif (“離格”)，派生自拉丁語 ablātīvus (“表示移除”)，源自ablātus (“被帶走的”)，源自auferō (“我帶走”)

為了保護底層而犧牲的、磨損或被破壞的，如用於防污的燒蝕塗料。


ablative

abl. (alternative)
Abl. (alternative)
ablatives (plural)


ablation zone

冰融帶(冰州的前半部，在那裡冰的融蝕量超過其堆積量)


ablactation

繼承自中古英語 ablactacioun，派生自晚期拉丁語 ablactatio, ablactō (“使斷奶”)，源自ab (“沒有”) + lacto (“哺乳”)，源自lac (“奶”)；等價於ab- + lactation。


abo

對澳洲土著的蔑稱。aborigine 的简称。


Engels

恩格斯（源自德語的姓氏）:Template:分類

弗里德里希·恩格斯


Zaire

薩伊(非洲中部的一個國家，現稱為剛果民主共和國)


zebu

來自法語 zébu，來自藏語（或許對應མཛོ་པོ (mdzo po，“牛與犛牛的雄性雜交種”)）。


zealous

來自古希臘語 ζῆλος (zêlos，“熱心、戒備”)，來自ζηλόω (zēlóō，“競爭，嫉妒”)。jealous 的同源對似詞。

zelous (alternative)
more zealous (comparative)
most zealous (superlative)

Doubtless many will exclaim against the Roman Catholic Church for this; but the simple truth is that Protestantism was no less zealous against the new scientific doctrine.

1896，Andrew Dickson White，A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom，第2004版，頁 122:

[…]and there were few more zealous dancers at the fashionable balls in the Raleigh Tavern at Williamsburg.

1940，Foster Rhea Dulles，America Learns to Play: A history of popular recreation, 1607-1940，頁 61:

Newt Gingrich […]left Congress in 1998, following GOP midterm-election losses that many blamed on his zealous pursuit of Bill Clinton's impeachment.

2011 April 4，“Newt Gingrich”, in Time, retrieved 2013-09-09:


acclamation

* 首見於1541年。
* 借自拉丁語 acclāmātiō, acclāmātiōnis (“呼喊、驚嘆、讚許”)，源自acclamo (“大喊、大叫”)，源自ad (“向著”) + clamo (“大叫”)。
* 對照法語 acclamation。


tabby

(灰色、茶色花紋的)斑貓，虎斑貓


table salt

通常與化學家稱為鹽的化合物作區別。


Taiwan

可追溯至1600年代，源自較早的 Tayuan、Tayoan 和其他變體，源自西拉雅語 taywan，由 tayw (“人”) + an (“地”) 組成。在荷蘭語文獻中作 Tayouan（以及其他變體），閩南語泉漳話作大員／大员 (Tāi-oân)（以及其他變體）。此詞最初是指今臺南安平一帶的一個沙質半島，後來成為整個島嶼的名稱。

Chinese Taipei

臺灣（國家名，位於東亞；法定名稱：中華民國；首都：臺北）。（自20世紀）

Republic of China

臺灣（國家名，位於東亞；法定名稱：中華民國；首都：臺北）。（自20世紀）

ROC

臺灣（國家名，位於東亞；法定名稱：中華民國；首都：臺北）。（自20世紀）

Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu

臺灣（國家名，位於東亞；法定名稱：中華民國；首都：臺北）。（自20世紀）

Formosa

臺灣島，臺灣海峽和菲律賓海之間的一個島嶼，也稱為福爾摩沙

Formosa

以臺灣島為中心，包括附近島嶼的行政區劃

Taiwan 和 Taiwanese 都被廣泛用作定語，例如 Taiwan/Taiwanese culture (“臺灣文化”)、Taiwan/Taiwanese government (“臺灣政府”)、Taiwan/Taiwanese food (“臺灣美食”)等。

臺灣（國家名，位於東亞；法定名稱：中華民國；首都：臺北）。（自20世紀）

India was not alone in its predicament or in its policy. While a few developing countries like Taiwan, Mexico, and Thailand had made remarkable progress in agriculture and had experienced success in curbing their population increases, others were nearly as bad off as India, even without a drought.

印度並不是唯一陷入困境或採取政策的國家。雖然臺灣、墨西哥和泰國等一些發展中國家在農業方面取得了顯著進步，並在抑制人口增長方面取得了成功，但其他國家的情況幾乎和印度一樣糟糕，即使沒有發生乾旱。

1971，林登·约翰逊，“Feeding the Hungry: India's Food Crisis”, in The Vantage Point，Holt, Reinhart & Winston, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 224:

Pei Ling Wu, 30, said: "I am worried about my family, but they do not want to leave Taiwan. They want to defend their country and fight to the end. If China continues to push us, independence is the only solution."

30歲的 Pei Ling Wu 說：「我很擔心我的家人，但他們不想離開臺灣。他們想保衛自己的國家，戰鬥到底。如果中國繼續逼迫我們，獨立是唯一的解決辦法。」

1996年March15日，Leyla Linton，“London students sing their defiance”, in 泰晤士報，期 65,528, →ISSN, →OCLC, Overseas News，頁 14，列 2:

"Meeting all the criteria of statehood under international law, Taiwan has long been an independent and sovereign country," they said. "It is a proactive major contributor to the international community — a beacon of democracy for countries around the world to emulate."
The "continued exclusion of Taiwan from the UN system is not only unwise, unjust and unfair, but also is a blatant violation of the principles of universality and self-determination as enshrined in the UN Charter, and must be rectified immediately," they said.
"The time is now for the United Nations and the rest of the world to jointly stand up against China and its lawless and out-of-control bullying of Taiwan," they said, adding: "Enough is Enough."

他們說：「臺灣符合國際法規定的所有建國標準，長期以來一直是一個獨立的主權國家。」「它是國際社會積極主動的主要貢獻者，是世界各國效仿的民主燈塔。」
他們說：「繼續將臺灣排除在聯合國體系之外，不僅是不明智、不公正和不公平的，而且公然違反了《聯合國憲章》所載的普遍性和自決原則，必須立即糾正」 。
他們表示，「現在是聯合國和世界其他國家共同站起來，反對中國及其對臺灣無法無天和失控的欺凌行為的時候了」，並補充道：「我們受夠了。」

2022年September11日 [2022年September9日]，Hsin-fang Lee, Jonathan Chin，“Letter calls for Taiwan’s UN inclusion”, in 台北時報，存檔自the original on 2022-09-11, Front Page:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:Taiwan。

臺灣島，臺灣海峽和菲律賓海之間的一個島嶼，也稱為福爾摩沙

The Government claims suzerainty over and receives tribute more or less regularly from Corea, and also from Anam, Siam, Burmah, and part of the Loochoo Islands, and it has recently erected the beautiful and extensive Island of Formosa, or Taiwan, hitherto attached to the province of Fo-Kien, into a separate province with its own governor-general who, like those of the other provinces, is appointed directly from Peking.

政府宣稱對韓國、安南、暹羅、緬甸和琉球群島的一部分擁有宗主權，並或多或少地定期接受貢品，最近還政府將美麗而廣袤的福爾摩沙島（即臺灣）劃為一個單獨的省份，並設立了自己的巡撫，巡撫與其他省份的巡撫一樣，直接由北京任命。

1888，James Harrison Wilson，章號 III, in China: Travels and Investigations in the "Middle Kingdom": A Study of Its Civilization and Possibilites, →OCLC，頁 26:

As a result of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95, China lost to Japan the important islands of Taiwan (Formosa) and the Pescadores, lying about a hundred miles off the Chinese coast.}

1894-95年中日戰爭的結果是，中國將距中國海岸約100英里的重要島嶼臺灣（福爾摩沙）和澎湖列島讓給了日本。

1963，德怀特·艾森豪威尔，“Formosa Doctrine”, in Mandate for Change 1953-1956，Garden City, New York: 道布爾戴出版社, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 460:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:Taiwan。

以臺灣島為中心，包括附近島嶼的行政區劃 清朝的行政區劃 臺灣府，隸屬於福建省

TAIWAN, or Chinese Formosa, is considered a Foo or district of the province of Fokien, and is governed by a Taoutai extraordinary, who, though responsible to the provincial viceroy, possesses the privilege of memorialising the Throne direct. “The district of Taiwan,” says the Chinese Government Chart, of which a copy was supplied to me by the Formosan authorities, “is bounded in the rear by mountains, and in front by the sea. The ancestral hills of Formosa derive their origin from the Woo-hoo-mun (Five Tiger Gate), the entrance to Foochow, whence they glided across the sea. In the ocean towards the east are two places called Tungkwan (Damp Limit) and Pih-mow (White Acre), which mark the spots where the dragons of the Formosan hills emerged. These sacred reptiles had pierced unseen the depths of ocean, and announcing their ascent to the surface by throwing up the bluff at Kelung-head, by a number of violent contortions heaved up the regular series of hills, valleys, and plains that extend north and south in varied undulations for the space of 1000 leagues (applied figuratively). The mountain-peaks are too multitudinous to enumerate, and the geography of the island too comprehensive to take into present consideration ; we will therefore confine ourselves to a few general remarks. In rear of the hills, eastward, flows the ocean ; facing them, to the westward, is the sea ; and between lies the prefecture of Taiwan.”

臺灣，或稱中國福爾摩沙，被認為是福建省的一個府或地區，由一位道臺管理，雖然他對福建省總督負責，但卻擁有直接向皇上遞交奏摺的特權。臺灣當局向我提供了一份中國政府圖表，其中寫道：「臺灣地區後靠山，前臨海。福爾摩沙的祖山源於福州的入口五虎門，從那裡滑行過海。東邊的大海裡有兩個地方，叫東關和白畝，是臺灣山龍出沒的地方。這些神聖的爬行動物神穿透了看不見的海洋深處，在基隆頭拋起峭壁，使它們湧上了海面，並藉由劇烈的變形，將一系列有規律的丘陵、山谷和平原抬起來，這些丘陵、山谷和平原以不同的起伏向南北延伸，長達1000 里格（比喻）。由於山峰眾多，無法一一列舉，該島的地理情況過於廣泛，目前無法考慮；因此，我們僅作一些概括性的評論。山峰的後方，向東是海洋；面對山峰，向西是大海；中間是臺灣府。」

1864，郇和，“Notes on the Island of Formosa.”, in The Journal of the Royal Geographic Society of London，卷 XXXIV, London: John Murray, 出版於 1865, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 6:

THE PESCADORES, consisting of over twenty inhabited islands, besides several inlets and rocks, lie off the south-western coast of Formosa at a minimum distance of about twenty-five miles, and the entire group is set down on the charts as extending from latitude 23° 12′ to 23° 47′ N., and from longitude 119° 19′ to 119° 41′ E. They form together the Dashing Lake District or Ting, 澎湖廳, of the Taiwan Prefecture, and are placed under the control of resident civil and military mandarins who report to their superior officers at Taiwanfoo.

澎湖列島由二十多個有人居住的島嶼組成，此外還有一些小海灣和岩石，位於福爾摩沙西南海岸外，最短距離約25英里，整個列島在海圖上的位置是從北緯23°12′到23°47′，東經119°19′到119°41′，它們共同組成了臺灣府澎湖廳，由常駐的文官和武官控制，他們向臺灣府的上級官員報告。

1887 February，甘為霖 (W. Campbell)，“A Few Notes from the Pescadores.”, in Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal，卷 XVIII, 期 2, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, →OCLC，頁 62:

In effect each area paid an assigned land tax quota, which was allocated among households — depending upon the amount of land they owned and registered with the land tax office. Households paid this tax in silver, and by 1736 the state collected this kind of land tax in all provinces except Shansi, Taiwan prefecture (part of Fukien province), and Kweichow.

實際上，每個地區都要繳納指定的土地稅配額，根據家庭擁有並在土地稅務局登記的土地數量，將配額分配給家庭。家庭用白銀繳納這種稅，到 1736 年，國家在除山西、臺灣府（福建省的一部分）和貴州省以外的所有省份徵收這種土地稅。

1980，Ramon H. Myers，“The Public Sector: The State”, in The Chinese Economy Past and Present, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁s 78–79:

President Ma further noted that in 1683 during the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) the emperor formally included the Diaoyutais as territory of China in Taiwan Prefecture, Fujian Province. In 1812, the Diaoyutais were placed under the administration of the Kavalan Office of the Taiwan prefectural government, he added, pointing out that the Record of Missions to Taiwan and Adjacent Waters 《臺海使槎錄》 and the Illustrations of Taiwan 《全臺圖説》 prove that China effectively ruled over the Diaoyutai Islets during the Qing Dynasty.

馬總統進一步指出，於1683年，清朝（1644-1911）皇帝正式將福建省臺灣地區的釣魚台納入中國領土。 1812年，釣魚台劃歸臺灣府噶瑪蘭廳管轄，並以《臺海使槎錄》和《全臺圖説》證明中國在清朝時期對釣魚台群島進行了有效統治。

2016 [2014年April17日]，“President Ma Attends "Examining the Diaoyutai/Senkaku Islands Dispute under New and Multiple Perspectives" International Conference”, in Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law and Affairs，卷 32 (2014), Brill Nijhoff, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 281:

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以臺灣島為中心，包括附近島嶼的行政區劃
清朝的行政區劃
臺灣省，清帝國的行省 （自19世紀晚期）

In 1885 Governor LIU determined to reconstruct Taipei and make it the temporary capital until, the railway having on its way to Taiwan reached the old town of Changhua, in about the middle of Formosa, he should build a city near that place and make it, under the name of Taiwan, the capital of the province of Taiwan.

1896，J. D. Clark，Formosa，Shanghai: Shanghai Mercury, →OCLC，頁 44:

Near Bang-ka is Twa-tu-tia, the great center of the tea-trade of Formosa, and the capital of the province of Taiwan (i. e. Formosa) from 1885 to 1896.

艋舺附近是大稻埕，它是福爾摩沙茶葉貿易的重要中心，也是1885年至1896年間臺灣省（即福爾摩沙）的省會。

1898，“Bang-ka, or Mang-ka”, in Johnson's Universal Cyclopædia: A New Edition，卷 I, New York: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC，頁 480，列 2:

The Chinese forces holding Formosa numbered about 50,000 men, and its defence was ably conducted by Liu Ming-chüan, then imperial High Commissioner ad hoc afterwards first governor of the newly created province of Taiwan.

控制福爾摩沙的中國軍隊約有五萬人，其防禦由時任欽差大臣、後來擔任新成立的臺灣省首任總督的劉銘全出色地指揮。

1918，馬士，“France and Tongking”, in The International Relations of the Chinese Empire，卷 II, 朗文出版社, →OCLC，頁 861:

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以臺灣島為中心，包括附近島嶼的行政區劃
日本殖民地 （自19世紀晚期）

Taiwan (Formosa) and Hōkotō (the Pescadores) were ceded to Japan upon the close of the Chinese War of 1895. Taiwan has a Governor-General with extreme powers, and is now an integral part of Japan.

1895年中日戰爭結束後，臺灣島（福爾摩沙）和澎湖列島被割讓給日本。臺灣有一位擁有極大權力的總督府，現在是日本不可分割的一部分。

1902，“Appendix”, in The Isle of Man, Gibraltar, Malta, St Helena, Barbados, Cyrpus, the Channel Islands, the British Army & Navy (The British Empire Series)，卷 V, →OCLC，頁 649:

Taiwan is governed by a Governor-General. Since 1895 three Governors have resigned. The present in office is General Count Samata Sakuma.

臺灣由總督管轄。 自1895年以來，已有三任總督辭職。 現任總督是佐久間左馬太將軍。

1913，Charlotte M. Salwey，“Formosa, the Beautiful (Taiwan)”, in The Island Dependencies of Japan，London: Eugène L. Morice, →OCLC，頁 39:

Amoy is one of the three Chinese ports closer to the Japanese colony of Taiwan (Formosa) than are any ports in the Japanese Empire proper.

與日本帝國本土的任何港口相比，廈門是距離日本殖民地臺灣（福爾摩沙）最近的三個中國港口之一。

1938年July29日，“Amoy is Island Key to South China's Strategic Province”, in The Winchester Star，卷 LVIII, 期 1, Winchester, Mass., →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 2，列 5:

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以臺灣島為中心，包括附近島嶼的行政區劃

臺灣省，中華民國名義上的一個省（不包括後來陸續脫離該省的六個直轄市） （自20世紀起）

Recent reports from Taiwan (Formosa), although fragmentary, begin to give a picture of economic conditions following the conclusion of the war. Now officially referred to as Taiwan Province, the island's former Japanese administration is being replaced by Chinese officials with little change, at least as yet, in the administrative pattern. Although there is no indication that ideographs will be changed, Chinese readings rather than Japanese will be followed for place names. Taihoku, for example, will be read in our alphabet as Taipei. This city presumably will continue to be the capital of Taiwan.

最近來自臺灣（福爾摩沙）的報告雖然零零碎碎，但已開始描述戰爭結束後的經濟狀況。（臺灣）現在被正式稱作臺灣省，該島以前的日本行政機構正由中國官員取代，但行政模式至少到目前為止變化不大。雖然沒有跡象表明表意文字將發生變化，但地名將採用漢語讀音而非日語讀音。例如，「Taihoku」在我們的字母表中將讀作「Taipei」。這個城市大概將繼續作為臺灣的首都。

1946年February16日，“China”, in Foreign Commerce Weekly，卷 XXII, 期 7, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, United States Department of Commerce, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 26，列 2:

The Chinese Government today, with its program of local self-government in Taiwan, provides a revealing contrast to the Communist totalitarian "democratic dictatorship" on the mainland. Herein lies the foundation for our eventual victory against Communism.

今天的中國政府在臺灣實施地方自治，與大陸共產極權主義的「民主獨裁」形成了鮮明對比。這正是我們最終戰勝共產主義的基礎。

1957，蔣介石，Soviet Russia in China: A Summing-up at Seventy，New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁s 239–240:

By all accounts, Lee lacks Chiang's charisma. The son of a rice farmer from northern Taiwan, he trained as an agronomist at Cornell University, then served as mayor of Taipei and governor of Taiwan Province, where he won widespread popularity.

從各方面來看，李登輝都缺乏蔣介石的魅力。他是臺灣北部一位稻農的兒子，在康奈爾大學接受農藝師培訓，隨後擔任臺北市市長和臺灣省省長，贏得了廣泛的支持。

1988年January25日，Fay Willey, Carroll Bogert, Dorinda Elliott, David Newell，“End of a Dynasty and an Era”, in 新聞週刊，卷 CXI, 期 4, →ISSN, →OCLC, International，頁 34，列 3:

In August 1993, I began preparing to run in the first race for mayor of Taipei elected directly by popular vote, to be held in December 1994. At the same time, the positions of mayor of Kaohsiung City and governor of Taiwan Province were also up for direct popular election.

1993年8月，我開始準備參加1994年12月舉行的首次臺北市市長直選。與此同時，高雄市市長和臺灣省省長的職位也將進行直接民選。

2000，陳水扁，“From Elected Representative to Administrative Chief”, in David J. Toman（譯者）, The Son of Taiwan: The Life of Chen Shui-Bian and His Dreams for Taiwan，Taiwan Publishing Co., Ltd., →ISBN, →OCLC，頁 84:

The participants then marched to several sites where other major incidents had occurred, and they ended at the Executive Yuan building, which was formerly the headquarters of the Taiwan Provincial Government.

隨後，參加者遊行到其他重大事件發生地，最後到達行政院大樓，這裡曾是臺灣省政府總部。

2022年February28日，Yi-ching Chiang, Teng Pei-ju，“Civil groups march in Taipei, demand truth about 228 Incident”, in 中央通訊社，存檔自the original on 2022-02-28:

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以臺灣島為中心，包括附近島嶼的行政區劃
臺灣省，中華人民共和國聲稱擁有主權的省份 （自20世紀中期起）

The eastern part of Taiwan Province is washed by the Pacific Ocean while the mainland coast borders on the Pohai, the Yellow, the East China and the South China Seas, each with its different depth and water temperature.

臺灣省東部受太平洋沖刷，大陸沿岸與渤海、黃海、東海和南海接壤，不同海域深度和水溫各異。

1964，任育地 [Jen Yu-ti]，“Seas”, in 中国地理概述 [A Concise Geography of China]，Peking: 外文出版社, →OCLC, →OL，頁s 42–43:

China (excluding Taiwan Province) has 381 cities as of the end of 1987, including 3 provincial-level cities, 170 provincially administered cities and 208 township-level cities. In addition there are 1,985 counties (including autonomous counties, banners and autonomous banners) in China.

截至1987年底，中國（不含臺灣省）有381個市，其中省級市3個、地級市170個、縣級市208個。此外，中國還有1985個縣（含自治縣、旗、自治旗）。

1992，Shunwu (周舜武) Zhou，“Overview”, in 中国分省地理，Beijing: 外文出版社, →ISBN, →OCLC，頁 499:

I had my final meeting with Deng Xiaoping. We signed agreements concerning consular offices, trade, science and technology, cultural exchange, and so forth. After discussing the political problems I had in normalization, Zbig asked him, "Did you have political opposition in China?" Everybody listened very carefully when Deng said, "Yes, I had serious opposition in one province in China—Taiwan."

我與鄧小平進行了最後一次會面。 我們簽署了領事、貿易、科技、文化交流等領域的協議。 在討論了我在正常化過程中遇到的政治問題後，茲比格問他：「你在中國有政治反對派嗎？」當鄧小平說：「是的，我在中國的一個省——臺灣，遭到了嚴重的反對」時，大家都聽得很仔細。

2011 [1979年January31日]，吉米·卡特，White House Diary, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 286:

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Tainan之同義詞（臺灣南部的主要城市；自荷蘭時期至1885年臺灣島的統治中心）

In 1860 Mr. Swinhoe attended Gen. Napier, and afterwards Sir Hope Grant, the Commander-in-Chief, as interpreter, and received a medal for war service. At the end of the same year he was appointed Vice-Consul at Taiwan, Formosa, and in 1865 to the full Consulship.

1860年，斯溫霍先生擔任內皮爾將軍和總司令霍普·格蘭特爵士的翻譯，並獲得了戰爭服務獎章。同年年底，他被任命為駐福爾摩沙臺灣副領事，並於1865年擔任正式領事。

1877年November8日，“Robert Swinhoe, F.R.S.”, in Nature，卷 XVII, 期 419, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 35，列 2:

Evidently the French blockade of Formosa is not very effective, or else the Pescadores are not included in the blockaded district. The Daily Press of 31st December states:—We learn by private letter that there have been no blockading ships at Taiwan or at Takao during the last seven days. The blockade is a purely paper one. Troops and treasure are pouring into South Formosa.}

顯然法國對福爾摩沙的封鎖效果並不理想，或者說澎湖列島不在封鎖區之內。《每日新聞》12月31日報導：「我們透過私信獲悉，過去7天臺灣和打狗沒有封鎖船隻。封鎖純粹是紙上談兵。軍隊和財寶正湧入福爾摩沙南部。」

1885年January7日，“Summary of News”, in North-China Herald and Supreme Court & Consular Gazette，卷 XXXIV, 期 913, Shanghai, →OCLC，頁 4，列 2:

1885年，劉巡撫決定重建臺北，將其定為臨時首都，直到通往臺灣的鐵路抵達位於福爾摩沙中部的彰化舊城區，他會在該地附近建造一座城市，並命名為臺灣，即臺灣省的省會。

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臺灣小行星，即小行星2169，位於主小行星帶，1964年發現 （自20世紀中期起）

For the Massalia family, we only have information on (20) Massalia (pv = 0.21±0.01). Finally, for the Astrid family, we have (1128) Astrid with pv = 0.077±0.010 and (2169) Taiwan with pv = 0.099±0.020. In each of these cases, the values conform to the taxonomic type of the corresponding families.

對於馬薩利亞家族，我們只有 (20) 馬薩利亞的信息 (pv = 0.21±0.01)。最後，對於阿斯特里德家族，我們有（1128）阿斯特里德，pv = 0.077±0.010 和（2169）臺灣，pv = 0.099±0.020。在每種情況下，值都符合相應家族的分類類型。

2005，D. Vokrouhlický et al.，“Yarkovsky/YORP chronology of asteroid families”, in Icarus，卷 182, 期 1, 出版於 2006, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 126，列 2:

2169 Taiwan, a carbonaceous asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars, will be at its closest to Earth at around 11 p.m. Thursday, the Taipei Astronomical Museum said.

臺北市立天文博物館週四表示，2169臺灣是一顆來自木星和火星之間小行星帶中心區域的碳質小行星，將於晚上11點左右最接近地球。

2019年August29日，“Asteroid 'Taiwan' to come closest to Earth late Thursday: museum”, in 中央通訊社，存檔自the original on 2022-09-10, Science & Tech:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:Taiwan。