mill scale

Recently the Great Northern Railway, U,S.A., which has a considerable mileage of line bordering the Pacific seaboard, has put in service mobile equipment for applying anti-corrosion treatment to rails. An old motor-car has been adapted to carry two oxy-acetylene flame-cleaning heads, which simultaneously clean both sides of both rails of all mill-scale and rust as the car is hand-propelled forward; men follow to brush away the loosened material; the final operation is that of spraying both rails, by means of paint guns carried on a trolley, with a corrosion-resisting compound.

1951 October，“Preventing Rail Corrosion”, in Railway Magazine，頁 648:


minehunter

和minesweeper對比，，在未探測到水雷的情況下整體清除雷區的船隻。兼具這兩種功能的船隻被稱為反水雷艦（mine countermeasures vessel，MCMV）。


offsets

offset 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


great circle

great-circle arc

球體表面兩點間距最短的圓形的一段。

球體表面兩點間距最短的圓形的一段。

Wherever a navigator may be, it certainly would be to his advantage to be able to find the great circle, or shortest course, and the distance, to his port of destination, [....]

1902, S. L. Penfield, "Use of the Stereographic Projection for Geographical Maps and Sailing Charts", in American Journal of Science

The shortest distance between two points on an ocean Mercator chart is not a straight line - it is a curve known as a 'great circle'.

2003, Jeff Toghill, The Navigator's Handbook: Essential Methods and Equipment--and how to Use Them

Because the Earth's surface is curved, the shortest distance is actually a curve over the surface called a great circle.

2005，Phil Medina，Homework Helpers: Earth Science，頁 52:


promenade deck

There are main and upper decks and a promenade deck.

1947 January and February，“New Southern Channel Steamer”, in Railway Magazine，頁 49:


pump room

[E]ven the German visitors at the baths honored me by drinking my health in the pump-room.

1847，Hans Christian Andersen，章號 7, in Mary Howitt（譯者）, The True Story of My Life:

In the 18th and early 19th centuries, the beautiful people came here for the season, taking the waters, meeting for tea in the Pump Room and for balls in the Assembly Rooms.

2003年August10日，Jacqueline Friedrich，“Choice Tables: Sophisticated Repasts in Bath”, in New York Times, retrieved 2012-10-09:


reversing gear

A new type of air-inducing ring improved considerably the atomising and distribution of the oil fuel in the firebox, and it was advanced practice for the period that the new engine was equipped with compressed air operation of both the reversing gear and the water-scoop.

1961 February，Cecil J. Allen，“Salute to the "Claud Hamiltons" & "Directors"”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 115:


final act

電影、戲劇或敘事的最後部分，將故事情節串聯起來並對要點進行解釋

退休或去世前的最後一項表現或成就


IAU

International Astronomical Union (“國際天文學聯合會”)之首字母縮略詞。


seaworthiness

The ship leaked like a sieve and rode like a barrel; in other words it was completely lacking in seaworthiness.

这艘船漏水如筛子，航行如桶，换句话说，它完全不具备适航性。


sherardizing

sherardize 的現在時分詞和動名詞


following sea

順浪（與船隻航向相同或相似的海浪）


skylight

熔岩管上部的一個洞，可以看到裡面的岩漿

可讓潛水艇浮出水面的薄冰平坦區域


freeboard deck

Figure 60 shows the downflooding angles for the downflooding points described above, plus the angle at which the edge of the freeboard deck would have been immersed (about 15°).

2017年December12日，National Transportation Safety Board，“1.12.10 Postaccident Analysis of Stability, Structures, and Sinking”, in Marine Accident Report: Sinking of US Cargo Vessel SS El Faro, Atlantic Ocean, Northeast of Acklins and Crooked Island, Bahamas, October 1, 2015，存檔自the original on 2022-11-24，頁 156:


Froude number

[氣象]弗劳德数；夫如數


spark arrester

Although certain overseas railways make fairly extensive use of spark arresters (apart from wood-burning locomotives) they are rare in this country, for, as Sir Nigel Gresley once remarked, the best way to avoid spark throwing is to make sure the engine is master of its job; [...].

1941 September，“The Why and the Wherefore: Fires in Trains”, in Railway Magazine，頁 432:


Galaxy

See yonder, lo, the Galaxyë / Which men clepeth the Milky Wey, / For hit is whyt.

1380，Geoffrey Chaucer，The House of Fame:

So may thy cheekes red outweare scarlet dye, / And their white, whitenesse of the Galaxie […]


control unit interface

控制器接口；控制單元介面


stationary engine

To get the best conditions for locomotives he proposed to make a continuous grade of 1 in 30 on the straight between Erkrath and Hochdahl, 2.78 km. (1¾ miles) and employ a stationary engine there. [...] The stationary engine was duly installed, at considerable cost, but not used for long.

1942 March，“Notes and News: Main-Line Cable Haulage in Germany”, in Railway Magazine，頁 88:

The Cromford & High Peak was one of Britain's oldest railways, giving access to the stone quarries of the Peak District. It was very much 'of its time'. Stationary engines hauled wagons up and down inclines, and trains on the more level bits in between were pulled by horses.

2023年January11日，Richard Foster，“British Rail's weirdest railways...: Cromford & High Peak”, in RAIL，期 974，頁 48:


steam chest

One small tooth increase in regulator opening makes a minute increase in steam chest pressure reading and one can feel the clearly perceptible increase in the power output beneath one's feet.

1961 March，'Balmore'，“Driving and firing modern French steam locomotives”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 150:


swash plate

The majority of helicopters achieve this using a swash plate or stationary star.

1994，S. Newman，Foundations of Helicopter Flight，頁 82:

This type of pump uses a swash plate to cause the pistons to move in and out.

2013，Michael E. Brumbach, Jeffrey A. Clade，Industrial Maintenance，頁 211:


tarpaulin

/ˈtɑːɹpəlɪn/


Nansen bottle

[測繪學]南生采水器；南森瓶


tiller

In France, Europe's most fertile and cultivated land, the tillers of it suffered more and more hunger.

2000，Alasdair Gray，The Book of Prefaces，Bloomsbury, 出版於 2002，頁 63:


tiller

繼承自中古英語 telȝre、telgra，繼承自古英語 telgor、telgra、telgre (“幼枝；嫩芽”)（參見 telga、telge；亦參見英語 tillow)），繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *telguʀ，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *telguz (“枝條”)，源自原始印歐語 *delgʰ- (“分隔；切割；雕刻”)。同源詞包括薩特弗里斯蘭語 Tälge (“树苗”)、荷蘭語 telg (“后代、接穗、分枝、嫩枝”)、下薩克森荷蘭語 telge (“小枝、树枝”)、德語 Zelge (“树枝”)、瑞典語 telning (“树枝、接穗、树苗”)、冰島語 tág (“柳枝”)。

从植物的根部或原茎底部长出的嫩枝


tiller

tillers (third-person singular present)
tillering (present participle)
tillered (past participle)

从根部或原茎底部周围长出新芽


tiller

繼承自中古英語 teler，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 telier (“用于编织的横梁”)，源自中世紀拉丁語 telarium，源自拉丁語 tēla (“網”)。


tug

繼承自中古英語 tuggen、toggen，繼承自古英語 togian (“拖，拉”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *togōn，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *tugōną (“拖，拉扯，撕裂”)，源自原始印歐語 *dewk- (“拉”)。
同源詞包括中古低地德語 togen (“拉”)、中古高地德語 zogen (“拉，撕”)、冰島語 toga (“拉”)。與 tow 有關。

tugs (third-person singular present)
tugging (present participle)
tugged (past participle)

The police officers tugged the drunkard out of the pub.

He lost his patience trying to undo his shoe-lace, but tugging it made the knot even tighter.

他失去了耐心，试图解开鞋带，但拉扯却使鞋带结得更紧。


tumble home

tumbles home (third-person singular present)
tumbling home (present participle)
tumbled home (past participle)


two-stroke engine

同類詞：four-stroke engine


upper deck

upper decks (third-person singular present)
upper decking (present participle)
upper decked (past participle)

在（馬桶）水箱上進行上層惡作劇

HOW DO I KNOW YOU'RE REALLY YOU AND NOT ANOTHER VOICE?
YOU UPPER-DECKED THE TOILET BACK IN THE AVENGERS MANSION.
I FEEL BAD ABOUT THAT, BUT I WAS MAD AT LOGAN.

2014, Gerry Duggan, Brian Posehn, Deadpool Vol. 4: Deadpool vs S.H.I.E.L.D.

I was angry at Cletus, then remembered the time in college when Sal and I picked the lock of Cletoid's bathroom door and took turns upper-decking his toilet. I smiled.

2017, Jonathan LaPoma, Understanding the Alacrán


DPS

Delivery Point Sequence (“交貨點序列”)之首字母縮略詞。 （美國郵政署使用的自動字母分類系統）

damage per second (“每秒傷害”)之首字母縮略詞 （你的戰鬥狀態造成的每秒傷害）

主要角色是造成最大傷害的玩家或單位

disintegration per second (“每秒鐘衰變數”)之首字母縮略詞。

designated premises supervisor (“指定處所主管”)之首字母縮略詞。


DPS

Department of Public Safety (“公共安全部門”)之首字母縮略詞。

Division for Planetary Sciences (“行星科學劃分”)之首字母縮略詞。


weather ship

另一艘船的迎風方向，被認為是海戰優勢位置

If the weather ship be of inferior force, it enables her to keep out of action much longer, and, though a poorer sailer, she may do so until the intervention of night increases the chances of escape.

1832，A Popular Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, History, Politics and Biography，卷 9, Philadelphia: Carey and Lea，頁 178:


jet stream

jetstream (alternative)
jet streams (plural)


Inside Passage

美國阿拉斯加州州東南部群島間的航道

加拿大不列顛哥倫比亞省大陸海岸與各島嶼之間的海峽


Kuroshio

借自日語 黒潮 (Kuroshio，“黑潮”)的羅馬字轉寫。


IHO

International Hydrographic Organization (“國際海道測量組織”)之首字母縮略詞。


light intensity

[氣象]光照强度，光強度，光强


DFA

designated for assignment (“指定派遣”)之首字母縮略詞。


DFM

design for manufacture/manufacturing (“可製造性設計”)之首字母縮略詞。


Lorentz force

以荷蘭物理學家亨德里克·洛倫茲（1853–1928）命名。


device driver

The identity of the device driver process is returned by the process manager to the file manager[…]

1978，Dennis M. Ritchie，Unix Time-Sharing System，頁 2064:


Domain Name System

The purpose of this document is to explain the installation and upkeep of the BIND software package, and we begin by reviewing the fundamentals of the Domain Name System (DNS) as they relate to BIND. ... The Domain Name System (DNS) is the hierarchical, distributed database. It stores information for mapping Internet host names to IP addresses and vice versa, mail routing information, and other data used by Internet applications.

BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual (9.3.2), Internet Systems Consortium, Inc., https://web.archive.org/web/20060619063455/http://www.bind9.net/manual/bind/9.3.2/Bv9ARM.ch01.html


marine corrosion

[航海科技]海洋腐蚀；海水侵蝕


marine environment

[航海科技][環境]海洋环境，包括河口、沿海、沿岸地區以及公海深海地區等的海洋環境。


marine environmental protection

[环境][航海科技]海洋环境保护


EDI

electronic data interchange (“电子数据交换”)之首字母縮略詞。

equity/equality, diversity, and inclusion (“公平性、多樣性，以及包容性”)之首字母縮略詞。


EFTS

Elementary Flying Training School (“初級飛行訓練學校”)之首字母縮略詞。


percentage error

[氣象]百分误差；誤差率


tower

towers (third-person singular present)
towering (present participle)
towered (past participle)


triangulation

People determining the width of a river by triangulation (sense 1):Template:refn
A triangulation (sense 4) of the surface of a torus
源自中世紀拉丁語 triangulātiōnem (“三角化”)，來自triangulāre (“分成三角形”) + -tiōnem (後綴，形成某些行為或行為結果有關的名詞)。Triangulāre源自triangulāris (“三角形的”)，來自triangulus (“三角形的；三角形”)，來自trēs (“三”) + angulus (“角；角落”)。英語單詞可分析為triangulate + -ion，與法語 triangulation同源。

/tɹʌɪaŋɡjʊˈleɪʃn̩/

/ˌtɹaɪˌæŋɡjəˈleɪʃən/

三角測量； 使用這種技術的實例

The season of 1835–36 was employed in carrying on the triangulation; in which Colonel [George] Everest was much impeded by a long continuance of hazy and cloudy weather. It appears, however, that the principal triangulation was brought down to the line from Juktipura to Pagara; […]

1839年June14日，T. B. Jervis，“IV. Some Account of the Progress of the Trigonometrical Survey Now Carrying On in India. Extracted from the Correspondence of Colonel Everest, and Communicated by Major T. B. Jervis.”, in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, […]，卷 IV, 期 24, London: Printed by Moyes and Barclay, […], →OCLC，頁 208:

Russia began under Catherine II, and has since constantly either taken up at different points or extended the triangulations successively made, with always more perfection of men of science. Now, these triangulations form a fully connected series from north of the arctic circle to south of Dorpat.

1843年February9日，John B. Aycrigg，“Notes”, in Report of John B. Aycrigg, (Made to the House of Representatives on the 9th February, 1843,) Submitted as an Individual Member of the Committee on the Coast Survey, […] (Report No. 170)，Washington, D.C.: Printed at the National Intelligencer Office, 出版於 19 February 1843, →OCLC, note 19，頁s 32–33:

The original base lines, which form the starting points of the survey, require to be measured by apparatus of the most delicate nature, since any error, committed in the early part of this work, will necessarily be multiplied throughout the series of triangulations which rest upon it. […] Nor is less precision necessary in the measurement of the angles of the primary and secondary triangulations, which serve as checks upon each other, since the position of any point in the former is determined by each of these series.

1849 January–March，“Stated Meeting, January 19”, in Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, […]，卷 V, 期 42, Philadelphia, Pa.: Published for the [American Philosophical] Society, [b]y John C. Clark, […], 出版於 1854, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁s 57–58:

使用三角測量得到的網狀圖，是航圖或地圖的基礎

[…] I have placed myself in communication with the Astronomer Royal, for the purpose of considering the steps necessary to be taken to effect the connexion required, between the triangulation of Great Britain and that of Belgium. […] I have also placed myself in communication with General Nerenburger, Director of the Dêpot de la Guerre at Brussels, and have received from him the diagram of the Belgian triangulation, with descriptions of the stations with which it is necessary to connect our triangulation, and we possess a copy of the triangulation of France.

1860年November29日，Henry James，“Appendix. [Official Correspondence, Letter C.]”, in Extension of the Triangulation of the Ordnance Survey into France and Belgium […]，London: Printed by George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode, […], for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 出版於 1863, →OCLC, paragraphs 1–2，頁s 57–58:

[page 76] At this point, it may be useful to refer to a word that has been used in connection with earlier examples. The King has been said to indulge in a process called Triangulation. The word is harder than the idea. The basic fact is that the King can move to an adjacent square in one move, two moves or three moves, without returning to its point of origin. […] [page 77] This diagram […] shows a position where the triangulation is vital.

1961，Gerald Abrahams，“Kings and Ascending Pawns”, in Technique in Chess，London: G[eorge] Bell and Sons, →OCLC; 再版 New York, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 1973, →ISBN，頁s 76 and 77:

將平面物體細分為三角形，進而使更高維度的幾何物體變為單體

Regular triangulations are a class in-between lifting and lexicographic triangulations. Their main draw-back in the context of this paper is that regularity depends on the specific realization and not only on the oriented matroid.

2002 March，Francisco Santos，“Triangulations of Oriented Matroids”, in Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society，卷 156, 期 741, Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, chapter 5 (Lifting Triangulations)，頁 59:

A triangulation of a point configuration #92;mathbf#123;A#125;#92;in#92;mathbb#123;R#125;ᵈ is a collection of d-simplices all of whose vertices are points in #92;mathbf#123;A#125; that satisfies the following two properties: 1. The union of all these simplices equals conv(#92;mathbf#123;A#125;). (Union Property) 2. Any pair of these simplices intersects in a common face (possibly empty). (Intersection Property)

2010，Jésus A[ntonio] De Loera, Jörg Rambau, Francisco Santos，“Triangulations in Mathematics”, in Triangulations: Structures for Algorithms and Applications (Algorithms and Computation in Mathematics; 25)，Heidelberg, Dordrecht: Springer Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, definition 1.0.1，頁 1:

利用已知地點的三個已知距離找到未知地點的過程

A special advantage of radar is that it works during darkness and other periods of low visibility, which prevent visual triangulation and aircraft techniques for measuring nuclear clouds.

1958 November–December，“News Notes: Army Weather Radar Tracks Nuclear Clouds”, in Armor: The Magazine of Mobile Warfare，卷 LXVII, 期 6, Washington, D.C.: United States Armor Association, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 58，列 2:

在政治光譜上重新定位自己或自己的團隊，試圖抓住中心的做法

Triangulation was a presidential leadership strategy that presented the president as having borrowed elements of both the right and the left to develop some form of center policy amalgam.

2004，Stanley A[llen] Renshon，“The Politics of Transformation”, in In His Father’s Shadow: The Transformations of George W. Bush，New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN; 第paperback版, New York, N.Y., Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, November 2005, →ISBN, section V (A Transforming President in Perspective)，頁 197:

Increased security for women's health clinics was part of [Bill] Clinton's "third way," a politics of triangulation that moved the Democratic Party closer to the right and embraced neoliberal economic policies while offering comparatively moderate social positions.

2015，Tamar W. Carroll，“It Saved My Life: Creating Queer Politics”, in Mobilizing New York: AIDS, Antipoverty, and Feminist Activism，Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, →ISBN，頁 181:

One recent attempt to combine both forms of data collection […] was based on a parallel methods approach, in which the results of two similar but separately located studies were triangulated. Triangulation entails overlapping the results at several points to enhance reliability. […] Other documented research has attempted to gain a broader view through the triangulation of two sets of data (quantitative and qualitative) on the same question, taken from the same respondents in a single study.

1999，Carol Grbich，“Qualitative Research: An Introduction”, in Qualitative Research in Health: An Introduction，Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin, →ISBN, part 1 (Theory and Design)，頁s 17–18:

Even though triangulation is used in quantitative paradigm for confirmation and generalization of a research, Barbour (1998) does not disregard the notion of triangulation in qualitative paradigm and she states the need to define triangulation from a qualitative research's perspective in each paradigm. For example, in using triangulation of several data sources in quantitative research, any exception may lead to a disconfirmation of the hypothesis where exceptions in qualitative research are dealt to modify the theories and are fruitful.

2003年December1日，Nahid Golafshani，“Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research”, in The Qualitative Report，卷 8, 號 4，頁 603:

Multiple sources of data were used to create a triangulation of evidence: books, documentation, archival records and relevant publications by key actors, particularly in the development field, open ended interviews, participant-observation conducted during field work and a case study. […] Triangulation was initially conceptualized as a strategy to validating results achieved with individual research methods. The focus of this research strategy, however, has increasingly shifted towards enriching and complementing knowledge and towards expanding and furthering the potential of individual methods.

2014，Alexander Cárdenas，“Introduction”, in Football: Origins, Paths and New Dimensions: Master’s Thesis，[Munich]: GRIN Verlag, →ISBN, section 1.2 (Research Methods)，頁 4:


file allocation table

[…] , although their access involves traversing the indirection in the file allocation table.

2006, Dhananjay M. Dhamdhere, Operating Systems: A Concept-based Approach, 2ⁿᵈ edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, page 346:

The file allocation table needs just a single entry for each file, […]

2008, A. A. Puntambekar, I. A. Dhotre, Systems Programming, 3ʳᵈ revised edition, Technical Publications Pune, page 13:20:

For the file allocation table type of file systems, an entire file system allocation table is large and requires many disk sectors to store, […]

2008, Bruce Jacob, Spencer W. Ng, David T. Wang, Memory Systems: Cache, DRAM, Disk, Morgan Kaufmann, page 691:


Poincare wave

[大气]庞加莱波；彭卡瑞波


oily water

[航海科技]（含）油污水


garbage collector

GC

在演算、程序、執行緒中進行垃圾收集的工作：回收不再使用的資源。

在演算、程序、執行緒中進行垃圾收集的工作：回收不再使用的資源。

Java uses a technique known as garbage collection to remove objects that are no longer needed. The garbage collector is Java's grim reaper.

2002，Patrick Niemeyer，Jonathan Knudsen，Learning Java，O'Reilly, →ISBN，頁 135:


garden path sentence

來自俗語lead someone up (or down) the garden path，因為讀者對該句子形成了一種解釋，這種解釋直到接近句子結尾時才是合理的，這時讀者意識到他們的解釋不可能是正確的（他們被帶入了一條花園小路），他們必須嘗試另一種解釋。

garden path (alternative)
garden-path sentence (alternative)
garden path sentences (plural)

/ˈɡɑː(ɹ)dən pɑːθ ˈsɛntəns/

/ˈɡɑːɹdən pæθ ˈsɛntəns/

Whether a particular construction causes a garden-path effect depends on the specific grammar of the language. For example, the famous example of an English garden-path sentence in (1) ["The horse raced past the barn fell"] would not exist if the past tense form of the verb race were not identical to the reduced relative form, the former of which is the preferred reading for this sentence.

1995，Reiko Mazuka，Kenji Itoh，“Can Japanese Speakers be Led down the Garden Path?”, in Japanese Sentence Processing，Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, →ISBN，頁s 295–296:

One of the functions of punctuation is to reduce any ambiguity, and readers are less confused by garden-path sentences that are punctuated than by those that are not[…].

2005，Michael W[illiam] Eysenck，Mark T. Keane，“Language Comprehension”, in Cognitive Psychology: A Student's Handbook，第5th版, Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press, →ISBN，頁 362, column 1:

[I]n a garden path sentence, we interpret a sentence in a particular way only to find out near the end that we misinterpreted it. The subjective impression is that of being led down a garden path until discovering at the end that we took the wrong way and have to retrace our steps.

2008，David W. Carroll，“Sentence Comprehension and Memory”, in Psychology of Language，第5th版, Belmont, Calif.: Thomson Wadsworth, →ISBN，頁 134:

A garden path sentence contains a temporary ambiguity[…]. It becomes clear that something has gone wrong when the comprehender receives input that is incompatible with the past-tense analysis of the ambiguous form[…]. The parser then must abandon its initial parse and attempt to reanalyze the input.

2013，Montserrat Sanz，Itziar Laka，Michael K. Tanenhaus，“Sentence Comprehension before and after 1970: Topics, Debates, and Techniques”, in Language Down the Garden Path: The Cognitive and Biological Basis for Linguistic Structures (Oxford Studies in Biolinguistics)，Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN，頁 85:


HDL

hardware description language (“硬體描述語言”)之首字母縮略詞。


sea breeze

一種伏特加配蔓越橘和葡萄柚汁的雞尾酒


secondary pollutant

[大气]二级污染物；次生污染物


singular point

[大气]奇异点；特異點；獨點


information hiding

資訊隱藏技術，使資訊從對象外部看不到。 （將電腦程式中最有可能發生變化的部分與其他部分隔離開，從而讓程式的其他部分在該部分發生變化時不用被大量修改。）


information retrieval

[信息科技][自由軟體]信息检索，資訊檢索


ILS

instrument landing system (“仪表着陆系统”)之首字母縮略詞。

integrated logistic support (“綜合後勤支援”)之首字母縮略詞。

integrated library system (“圖書館自動化系統”)之首字母縮略詞。


IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force (“互联网工程任务组”)之首字母縮略詞。


ISP

Internet service provider (“互聯網服務供應商”)之首字母縮略詞。

interface segregation principle (“介面隔離原則”)之首字母縮略詞。


sewage treatment plant

[航海科技]污水处理设备；污水处理厂


JCL

Junior Classical League (“全国青少年古典文学联盟”)之首字母縮略詞。


LVDS

low voltage differential signaling (“低電壓差分訊號”)之首字母縮略詞。


magnetic ink character recognition

磁墨水字符识别；磁墨字元辨識，磁墨字符識別


weather forecast

It may be sunny today, but the weather forecast is predicting rain for tomorrow.

今天天晴，但是天氣預報說明天會下雨。


multiprotocol

Unlike earlier generation units, new multiprotocol terminals can, under user control, “talk” in any communications protocol.

In a business environment that may require communications between the IBM PC and devices or host computers in a variety of protocols, a multiprotocol communications capability may be advantageous.

1987，Larry E. Jordan，Communications and Networking for the IBM Pc and Compatibles，頁 111:

As a result of these efforts, multiprotocol lambda switching (MPLmS) and, more recently, generalized multiprotocol label switching (G-MPLS) have been proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as the control plane for dynamic provisioning and restoration of lightpaths in optical networks.

2004，Jun Zheng，Optical WDM Networks: Concepts and Design Principles，頁 211:


OOPL

object-oriented programming language (“物件導向程式設計”)之首字母縮略詞。


personal digital assistant

個人數碼助理，個人數位助理

The device, about the size of a fat paperback book, represents the most ambitious attempt yet by computer and communications companies to pool their resources in hopes of finally creating a market for what the industry calls "personal digital assistants."

[1994年September28日，Lawrence M. Fisher，“Personal Digital Assistant, Part III”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Already, Sharp owns at least 60 percent of the market for personal digital assistants, or P.D.A.'s, with its Wizard line, ranking far ahead of Hewlett-Packard, Casio, Apple Computer and other competitors past and present.

1994年December18日，Laurie Flynn，“Sharp Unveils a New Breed of Personal Digital Assistant”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


pie chart

餅圖，餅狀圖，饼形图，圓形圖，圓餅圖


RFC

Rangers Football Club (“流浪者足球俱樂部”)之首字母縮略詞。


RFC

rugby football club (“拉格比足球俱樂部”)之首字母縮略詞。


SADT

structured analysis and design technique (“結構化分析及設計技術”)之首字母縮略詞。


threat

Verifying and addressing actual threats is not paranoia.


threat

threats (third-person singular present)
threating (present participle)
threated (past participle)

An hideous Geant horrible and hye, / That with his talnesse seemd to threat the skye […]

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book I, Canto VII”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


translucency

半透明；半透明性；半透明度


truth maintenance system

真實維護系統，真值维护系统


undeletion

/ˌʌndɪˈliːʃən/

/ˌʌnˈdɪliːʃən/

取消刪除，恢復先前刪除的內容


UML

Unified Modeling Language (“统一建模语言”)之首字母縮略詞。


VRAM

video random access memory (“視訊隨機存取記憶體”)之首字母縮略詞。

video memory (“視訊記憶體，顯示存儲器”)之首字母縮略詞。

Video RAM (“影像隨機接達記憶器”)之首字母縮略詞。

Using the hardware blitter to move bitmaps from VRAM to VRAM is much faster than moving them from system memory to VRAM.

2002，André LaMothe，Tricks of the Windows Game Programming Gurus，頁 315:


visual programming language

visual programming languages (plural)
VPL (alternative)


von Neumann architecture

同類詞：Harvard architecture


zero-knowledge proof

Implementation of a zero-knowledge proof significantly improves the privacy and security of many systems. However, it introduces additional costs in processing power and hard drive space.

零知識證明的實施顯著提高了許多系統的隱私和安全性。然而，它也帶來了額外的處理能力和硬碟空間成本。

2020，Lorne Lantz, Daniel Cawrey，Mastering Blockchain，O'Reilly Media, →ISBN，頁 185:


diss song

（英式英語、俚語）一首以攻擊或羞辱特定個人或團體的歌曲或嘻哈樂曲，通常是嘻哈爭鬥（hip-hop feud）的一部份。


diss track

diss song

（嘻哈音樂，說唱音樂）對特定群體或個人表示侮辱或冒犯的歌曲

（嘻哈音樂，說唱音樂）對特定群體或個人表示侮辱或冒犯的歌曲


diss

disses (third-person singular present)
dissing (present participle)
dissed (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-diss.wav

（英式英語，俚語）羞辱（某人），或藉由使用羞辱性的言語或粗暴、輕率的行為讓某人感受不被尊重；通常指一位说唱歌手向其他人发表一首这样的歌曲，如烟囱发布《微软垃圾》，就是烟囱diss微软。两个说唱歌手/团体互相diss称为beef，如CPG化学植物组与东说西唱之间的beef。


diss

一種羞辱或貶低。通常是指一类说唱歌曲。


acceptable risk level

可接受風險程度，依相對利益來判定的風險程度，或是可能造成不良影響的最低程度。


acid deposition

酸性沉降，一種區域性的空氣污染現象，主要源於工業活動之稀硫酸及稀硝酸等酸性氣體排放，在氣候條件之搭配下，產生如酸雨、或酸雪、酸霧、酸霰、煙氣和乾粉顆粒沉降等現象。


aerobic treatment

好氧處理，將空氣引入污水中，在一定停留時間內產生好氧生化穩定反應。


agricultural waste

農業廢棄物，指農業生產活動所產生無用的液體或固體物質，例如肥料、農藥、農作物殘渣（如果園剪枝）和牲畜糞肥。


air pollutant

空氣污染物，任何污染源或其組成，包括流入空氣中且在相當高濃度下可能影響人類、動植物或物質之各類物理性、化學性、生物性或放射性元素或物質。


air pollution

空氣污染。因天然或人工燃料的燃燒、工業化學或其它製程、甚或核爆炸等，而在大氣中出現大量氣體、固體或放射性物質。


airborne noise

*空傳噪音，指由於大量氣體移動或使用高壓氣體所造成的噪音。


algal bloom

藻華，藻類與其他水生植物因污染所造成之快速過量的生長。


anaerobic treatment

厭氧處理，指在無氧條件下進行有機物質的分解。該法可去除許多有機廢棄物的惡臭，以便將處理後的廢棄物作為農地利用。


animal waste

動物廢棄物：直接與動物飼養有關的產業所產生的廢棄物，例如由畜牧業（糞肥、牛奶等）、肉類加工和動物實驗（動物軀體、動物肢體、動物羽毛等）、皮毛獸育種（皮毛、血液等）產生的廢棄物。


biogeochemical cycle

生物地質化學循環：化學元素的循環移動，從生物體到物理環境，再回到生物體。如果所指元素是生命必需的微量元素，這個過程就稱之為營養循環。當植物腐敗後與礦物質在腐植質中自然結合，而為未來的植物生長提供養料時，生化地質循環於焉開始。


biological treatment

生物處理：利用微生物將有機廢棄物分解成水、二氧化碳和簡單無機物，或較簡單的有機物(例如醛類和酸等)的程序。生物處理系統的目的是控制微生物的環境，以增進微生物的生長與活性，並提供方法以維持高濃度微生物與廢棄物的接觸。


building waste

營建廢棄物，因建築物或其他土木工程結構的破壞或改建，所產生的磚瓦及碎石等廢棄物。


chemical pollution

化學污染，由化學物質引起的污染，包括含氯農藥、多氯聯苯，及汞、鉛、鎘、砷等重金屬等。


coastal pollution

海岸污染，指污染物存在、釋出或注入海岸或沿海土地的現象。


co-incineration

混燒（指任一固定污染源燃燒廢棄物再利用燃料）


DDT

有多種不同的說法；參見英語維基百科條目 DDT (professional wrestling)。

摔角的一種動作，先在正面將站立著的對方手臂扭到背後，然後向後摔，讓對方的頭撞到地板上


environmental consequence

環境影響結果，自然或人為的擾動對構成環境之物理、化學或生物組成的影響結果。


environmental damage

環境損害，對環境造成的危害，如溼地的消失、河流的污染等。


environmental hazard

環境危害物；環境公害，能夠導致危害生態系統或自然資源的物理或化學物質。


environmental impact

環境衝擊；環境影響，指因某一活動或系列活動所導致或誘發任何可能有益或有害的環境狀態的改變或新環境的建立。


environmental impact assessment

環境影響評估（简称環評），对重大開發或計畫對於環境所造成的暫時性與永久性影響的分析與判斷，此必須同時考慮社會後果和替代計畫。


environmental management

環境管理，指針對環境保育、合理及永續性的自然資源分配和使用、社會和環境之間互動的最佳化，以及現在和未來世代的人類福祉的改善，所進行之方法與控制。


environmental pollution

環境污染，人類引入環境中的物質或能源，其有可能毒害人體健康、危及生命資源及生態系統，損害環境結構或舒適性，或干擾環境之正當合理利用。


environmental quality

環境品質；環境質量，當環境作用於人類或其他有機體時的整體性或局部性的特性與特徵。環境品質是一般性的名詞，意指各種特徵，諸如空氣和水的純度或污染程度，進入開放空間的噪音，建築物的視覺影響以及這些特徵對身心健康所造成的潛在影響。


heavy metal

重金屬（比重接近或高於5.0的金屬）


abiotic environment

[環境]非生物環境，指環境中無生命的組成成分(岩石、礦物、土壤、水與氣候)。


water treatment

水處理，將水淨化使其適合飲用或作為任何其它用途。


industrial waste

工業廢棄物；工业废物；工业废料，由工業操作或製造過程丟棄的廢棄物質，可能是固體、污泥（濕固體）或液體廢棄物，可能具有或不具有有害性。


oil pollution

油污染；石油污染，指石油或其他石油類產品，對任何生態系統所造成的污染，但通常指對淡水或海洋生態系統的污染。


organic carbon

有機碳，指來自於動物或植物的碳成分。


pollution control

污染控制；污染管制；污染防治，減少大部分污染物排放的化學或物理方法。


pollution load

污染負荷，因人為或自然方式釋入生態系統的物理或化學污染而加諸於生態系統的壓力負荷量。


radioactive waste

放射性廢棄物，指放出的輻射超出正常背景水準的任何廢棄物，包括核能工業的有毒副產物。


river pollution

河流污染；河川污染，直接或間接的人為改變河水或河川生態系統之生物、物理、化學或放射線的原始性。


sewage sludge

污水污泥；下水污泥，由都市污水淨化過程所產生的一種固體濃度超過2500ppm的半液體廢棄物。


sludge treatment

污泥處理，處理廢水污泥使其成為無害的過程，包括好氧或厭氧消化及隨後的晒乾床乾燥、過濾、及焚化、過濾和乾燥或潮濕空氣氧化。


stormwater

Community groups have collected 12,000 signatures demanding that New York City permanently lower the levels of the Cannonsville, Pepacton and Neversink Reservoirs to 80 percent of capacity so that stormwater runoff can have a place to go rather than charging down the river in flash floods.

2007年October2日，Anthony Depalma，“City Agrees to Help Regulate Delaware River by Releasing Water From Reservoirs”, in New York Times:


surface-active agent

表面活性劑；表面活化劑，一種物質，當少量使用時可改變液體或固體的表面特性。表面活性劑可減小流體的表面張力，或兩種不互溶流體間的界面張力，如油和水。表面活性劑在達成水溶液浸潤和滲透到固體的過程中作用顯著，可以充做清潔劑，乳化劑，或離散劑。


toxin

派生自拉丁語 toxicum。


waste heat

廢熱，指發電廠冷卻過程所產生的熱排放，會引起水體的熱污染，並促進藻類繁殖。


waste management

廢棄物管理，依廢棄物的產生、處置、處理、儲存，並將廢棄物從生產源頭轉移至最終可接受的處置的完整監督。


waste treatment

廢棄物處理，指任何改變廢棄物化學、物理或生物組成或特性的處理過程或不同程序之組合；或為任何目的而減少或去除廢棄物本身有害性質或特性的過程。


water analysis

水分析；水質分析，研究水的物理、化學和生物特性。


water hardness

（无机化学）水質硬度；水硬度，溶解於水中鈣鹽和鎂鹽的總量。


water pollution

水污染；水质污染，指因人為或人類活動改變水體（尤指表面径流）的化學、物理、生物及放射性的完整狀態。


water purification

淨水；水淨化處理；水体净化，諸多去除或中和水中不必要雜質的程序。


water purification plant

淨水廠、水處理廠，將水經由物理和化學程序，使其適合人類使用和其他用途的處理廠。


water reuse

水再生；水再利用，在不同的製造程序中使用廢水或污水處理後之放流水。


afk

AFK的大小寫替代形式.


brb

BRB的大小寫替代形式。


brb

BRB的大小寫替代形式。


HP

HP
====翻译====
翻譯
* 漢語：惠普公司


MP

One unidentified man spoke of how he was approached to "go to the Gents" with an MP at an event for young political activists while another man described how an MP invited his entire office staff to a gay bar.

2014年April11日，Charlotte Meredith，“The Palace of Sexminster”, in Huffington Post: United Kingdom:

megapixel (“百萬畫素”)之首字母縮略詞。

The new Canon has a 12MP ccd sensor.

machine pistol (“全自動手槍”)之首字母縮略詞。


MP

multiplayer (“多人玩家”)之首字母縮略詞。


sauerkraut

/ˈsaʊɚˌkɹʌʊt/


ACG

anime、comic、game (“日本动画、漫画与游戏”)之首字母縮略詞：围绕日本动画、漫画和日本电子游戏的中华亚文化。

angle closure glaucoma (“闭角型青光眼”)之首字母縮略詞。


binary arithmetic

Note that all correctly rounding arithmetics satisfy property A1, as do those with properly truncating addition. All faithful binary arithmetics and all arithmetics with either properly truncating or correctly chopping addition satisfy property A2.

1992, Douglas M. Priest, On Properties of Floating Point Arithmetics, University of California, Berkeley, page 17,


Bluetooth

來自blue + tooth，仿譯自古諾爾斯語 Blátǫnn (現代丹麥語 Blåtand)。


Bluetooth

Bluetooths (third-person singular present)
Bluetoothing (present participle)
Bluetoothed (past participle)

The widespread use of mobile phones which support free Bluetoothing has enabled promotional videos to be distributed virally between handsets.

2009，Seema Gupta，Branding and Advertising，頁 303:

Everyone's bluetoothing each other the latest ring tones and pictures. Telling the most crazy stories ever.

2010，Katie Taylor，Confessions of a Teenager: The Diaries of Three Troubled Teens，頁 92:


boot

boots (third-person singular present)
booting (present participle)
booted (past participle)


bopomofo

來自注音首四個字母：ㄅ、ㄆ、ㄇ、ㄈ（ㄅㄆㄇㄈ）；對照ABC。

注音符號在 ISO 和 Unicode 使用的名字


brown-paper-bag bug

字面意思是「牛皮紙袋臭蟲」，指製造臭蟲的作者感到尷尬，得在頭上戴著牛皮紙袋才不會被認出來。Linux 2.2於1999年初發布後開始流行，並在林納斯·托瓦茲的道歉貼文中被使用。

令人慚愧的程式／程序錯誤


bulletin board system

As companies increase their use of microcomputer-based bulletin board systems, microcomputer managers are finding themselves saddled with the responsibility of being system operators for the boards.

1986年April21日，Melissa Calvo，“Managers Say Bulletin Boards Part of Job”, in InfoWorld，卷 8, 期 16, →ISSN，頁 18:

Hackers and hacker clubs primarily communicate by means of bulletin board systems. It is estimated that there are about 1,300 underground bulletin boards in the U.S.

2001，Sanjiv Purba，Architectures for E-Business Systems，CRC Press, →ISBN，頁 702:


case sensitive

more case sensitive (comparative)
most case sensitive (superlative)

大小寫相關的，區分大小寫字母的


CCW

carrying a concealed weapon (“攜帶暗器”)之首字母縮略詞。


central processing unit

同類詞：graphics processing unit


CIFS

Common Internet File System (“網路檔案分享系統”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：SMB


CISC

Complex Instruction Set Computer (“複雜指令集電腦”)之首字母縮略詞。


credits

credit 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


File Transfer Protocol

檔案傳輸協定／文件傳輸協議


filters

filter 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


first in first out

first-in-first-out (alternative)
first-in first-out (alternative)
first in, first out (alternative)
first-in, first-out (alternative)


FTP

free-to-play (“免費遊玩”)之首字母縮略詞。


FTP

Future Time Perspective (“未來時間觀”)之首字母縮略詞。


FTP

File Transfer Protocol (“文件传输协议”)之首字母縮略詞。


FTP

FTPs (third-person singular present)
FTPing (present participle)
FTPed (past participle)

Just as newsgroups have certain rules to live by, there are several courtesies to remember when FTPing and telneting to remote sites […]

Having saved header.php, I FTPed it back to the Sandbox theme folder, overwriting the old version.

2008，Paul Thewlis，WordPress for Business Bloggers:


FTP

"Fuck the police" emerged as the unofficial motto of the 1992 riots in Los Angeles[…]Following the murder of Michael Brown in Ferguson, street signs and businesses were frequently tagged with FTP.

[2018，David Correia, Tyler Wall，Police: A Field Guide，頁 263:

As nationwide protests continue to grow, demanding justice for George Floyd and the black community as a whole, YG has shared a new protest song titled "FTP (F--- the Police)."

2020年June2日，“YG Has a Clear Message in New Protest Song 'FTP'”, in Billboard:


hotspot

hot spot (“熱點”)的另一種寫法


internet service provider

A part of the nervousness at Chelsea involves whether any more sponsors will follow the telecommunications and internet service provider Three in withdrawing support, at least temporarily.

March 11 2022，David Hytner，“Chelsea are in crisis but there is no will to leave club on their knees”, in The Guardian:


log off

logs off (third-person singular present)
logging off (present participle)
logged off (past participle)

log out (“登出”)之同義詞。

退出任何線上或面對面的談話；告別


log out

logs out (third-person singular present)
logging out (present participle)
logged out (past participle)

Please don't forget to log out after you finish your work.

完成工作後，請不要忘記登出。


menu bar

菜單欄，選單列，選單條，選項帶


mouse wheel

He was a mouse-wheel virtuoso, scrolling and zooming with ease.

他是一位鼠标滚轮大师，可以轻松地滚动和缩放。


music video

音樂錄影帶、音樂視頻、音畫


RISC

Reduced Instruction Set Computer (“精简指令集计算机”) 之首字母縮略詞。


rubberband

Once the hair is sewn onto the foundation, use the proper styling aids to blend all natural hair that is not in rubberbands into the commercial hair, if necessary.

1998, Natural Hair Care and Braiding ISBN 1562533169, page 114:

Provide each child, or pair of children, with a shoebox (shoebox lid is not needed) and different sizes and thicknesses of rubberbands. The children are to stretch several different sizes of rubberbands around the entire shoebox's girth.

1999, Jennifer Overend Prior, Janet A. Hale, Bats ISBN 1576903761, page 39:

Braiding with rubberbands is quicker than sewing in yarn or thread but it is not acceptable for high-level competition, and it will break off hairs and damage the mane.

2008，Susan E. Harris，Grooming To Win, →ISBN，頁 203:


rubberband

rubberbands (third-person singular present)
rubberbanding (present participle)
rubberbanded (past participle)

Rubberband them together.

2001, Braiding: Easy Styles for Everyone ISBN 0766837645, page 71:

Long red-gray hair in a rubberbanded ponytail, […]

2013, Phil Rickman, The Fabric of Sin ISBN 1623652839:

Editors are very set in their ways of whether they prefer doing level changes within a clip by rubberbanding or by breaking the clip into pieces and adjusting the levels of each piece.

2014, Steve Hullfish, Avid Uncut ISBN 1134070632:


run-time

a run-time error


r-value

R值：用來衡量阻隔熱度的一個數值


security service

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见security、service；安全服務


SSPI

Security Support Provider Interface (“安全支援提供者介面”)之首字母縮略詞。


see also

A see also reference from a main heading is set as a subheading; a see also reference from a subheading is set as a sub-subheading.

1998, Merriam-Webster's Manual for Writers and Editors, p. 256:


Shellsort

Shell + sort，以Douglas Shell命名，他於1959年推出了這種算法的初版。


SOAP

Simple Object Access Protocol (“簡單物件存取協定”) 之首字母縮略詞。


SOAP

subjective, objective, assessment, and plan (“主訴、客觀數據/資料、用藥評析與規劃”) 之首字母縮略詞。


SGML

Standard Generalized Markup Language (“標準通用標記式語言”)之首字母縮略詞。

[…] a navigator pane can be established using either markup from the stylesheet or the hierarchical SGML file structure.

2012，Peter Flynn，Understanding SGML and XML Tools:


subtype

subtypes (third-person singular present)
subtyping (present participle)
subtyped (past participle)


Sung

源自漢語 宋 (Sòng)的威妥瑪拼音 Sung⁴。


Sung

源自漢語 宋 (Sòng)的威妥瑪拼音 Sung⁴。

At present the metropolitan area of Kuang-chou City alone comprises some 1,500,000 people or twice that of the Sung period for all of the two provinces.

目前，仅广州市城区就有大约150万人口，或者是宋朝时期两广总人口的两倍。

1954，Herold J. Wiens，Han Chinese Expansion in South China [华南汉族的扩张]，Shoe String Press, 出版於 1967, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 143:

Fish were produced in Hu-chou for sale at the Southern Sung capital.

湖州产鱼，在南宋的首都销售。

1970 [1968]，Shiba Yoshinobu，譯者 Mark Elvin, Commerce and Society in Sung China [宋代中国的商业和社会]，出版於 1992, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 102:

The Sung dynasty was the great Classical Age and it is on this era that the emphasis in this book falls.

宋朝是伟大的古典主义时代，也是本书重点描述的时期。

1976，W.B.R. Neave-Hill，Chinese Ceramics [中国陶瓷]，New York: St. Martin's Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 10:

Today in Peking we repeat a phrase to our allies from the Sung dynasty, seven hundred years old. 'We are as close to you as the lips to the teeth. If the lips are gone, our teeth must chatter with cold.'

今天在北京，我们向盟友们送上一句话，这句话来自七百年前的宋朝。“我们与你们的关系就像嘴唇与牙齿一样密切。如果嘴唇没有了，我们的牙齿一定会冷得发抖。”

1968，Edward S. Aarons，Assignment—Nuclear Nude，Fawcett Publications, →OCLC，頁 135:

PICARD: Lutan, we are aware of many of your planet's achievements, and its unique similarity to an ancient Earth culture we all admire. On behalf of the Federation, therefore, I would like to present this token of our gratitude and friendship. From China's Sung Dynasty, Fourteenth Century.
DATA: Thirteenth Century, sir.
PICARD: Ah yes, indeed.

1987年October12日，Patrick Stewart, Brent Spiner，Code of Honor (Star Trek: The Next Generation) (Science Fiction), Paramount Domestic Television, →OCLC:

Previous scholarship places the rocket’s origins in China during the Sung dynasty (A.D. 960-1279).

以前的学术研究认为，火箭的起源是在中国的宋朝（公元960-1279年）。

2013 February，Jimmy Stamp，“The History of Rocket Science [火箭科学历史]”, in Smithsonian Magazine，存檔自the original on 2014-05-19:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:Sung。


templates

template 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


tile

tiles (third-person singular present)
tiling (present participle)
tiled (past participle)


time-critical

more time-critical (comparative)
most time-critical (superlative)


toner

調色劑，用於調整染髮後的髮色


trust

trusts (third-person singular present)
trusting (present participle)
trusted (past participle)


tutorial

形容詞是來自tutor (名詞) + -ial，源頭來自拉丁語 tūtor (“觀察者，監護人，防守者”)。名詞是從形容詞轉變來的。

/tjuːˈtɔːɹɪəl/

/tʊˈtɔɹijəɫ/

/tʃʉˈtoːɹiəɫ/

The probability is that any verse of this nature, in which the lines are worn smooth, is one which has been causing tutorial ears to tingle for a generation at least; and very probably it is known in a variety of forms.

1959, Iona Opie, Peter Opie, The Lore and Language of Schoolchildren (page 363)


tutorial

/tjuːˈtɔːɹɪəl/

/tʊˈtɔɹijəɫ/

/tʃʉˈtoːɹiəɫ/


typeface

type face (alternative)
typefaces (plural)


tumen

toman (“(歷史) 蒙古軍隊的一個師”)的另一種寫法

The largest unit was the tumen, equivalent to a division: 10,000 men in principle (and sometimes less). An army was made up of two to four tumen, each composed of ten times a thousand men (the equivalent of a regiment), and each regiment of ten times a hundred men (the equivalent of a squadron), ten times ten men.

2004，Gerard Chaliand，Nomadic Empires: From Mongolia to the Danube，頁 65:


手機通訊技術規格的過渡階段，下一代標準為2.75G。

GPRS

手機通訊技術規格的過渡階段，下一代標準為2.75G。

HSCSD

手機通訊技術規格的過渡階段，下一代標準為2.75G。

手機通訊技術規格的過渡階段，下一代標準為2.75G。


第二代行動通訊技術，下一代標準為2.5G。包括GSM、DMA、TDMA、iDEN、PDC。


more 3-dimensional (comparative)
most 3-dimensional (superlative)


與一個假的電話號碼有關。在21世紀之前，北美的撥號計劃中，本地交換機和區號555被保留為虛構的號碼。

555-2368, that's a 555 number, it isn't real.

1-555-321-2368, that's a 555 number, it isn't real.

(555)234-2368, that's a 555 number, it isn't real.


I started creating 8-bit music around 2002 when I picked up nanoloop […]

2007, Nick Collins, Julio d'Escriván, The Cambridge companion to electronic music (page 189)

來自或類似8位元電腦時代藝術或音樂的

Typically far more complex than the songs of the 8-bit games, songs in Amiga games had a highly varied structure, but usually followed the same basic principles seen in the 8-bit games (shorter loops with fewer distinct sections for battle music, and longer loops with more distinct sections for in-game music).

2008年January1日，Karen Collins，Game Sound: An Introduction to the History, Theory, and Practice of Video Game Music and Sound Design，MIT Press, →ISBN:

Much of La-Mulanas 8-bit' aesthetic is tied to its self-imposed graphical limitations. To start, the native resolution of 256 × 192 pixels is (as we would expect) much less than that of contemporary standards[…]

2008年November12日，Brett Camper，“Retro Reflexivity: La-Mulana”, in The Video Game Theory Reader 2，Routledge, →ISBN:


8514/A的另一種寫法


accents

accent 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


activates

activate 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


activating

activate 的現在時分詞和動名詞


IMS

Industrial Methylated Spirit (“工业用甲醇变性酒精”)之首字母縮略詞。

Information Management System (“信息管理系统”)之首字母縮略詞。

Integrated Master Schedule (“综合主时间表”)之首字母縮略詞。

IP Multimedia Subsystem (“IP多媒体子系统”)之首字母縮略詞。


IMS

Indianapolis Motor Speedway (“印第安納波利斯賽車場”)之縮寫。


pull-up

I did lots of push-ups and pull-ups, and my only regret is that I stopped doing them as a young adult when I finally got to work out in health clubs instead of my basement or garage.

2008, Lou Schuler, "Foreward", in Nate Green, Built for Show, page xii


pull-up

pull-ups (third-person singular present)
pull-upping (present participle)
pull-upped (past participle)

With a sleek yet muscular build, Nick out pullupped everyone during physical fitness week

2012, The Young Despondents. Jason M. Burns.

From there, things were easy—well, relatively easy. I stood on the rail, reached up, grasped the floor of the balcony above, fingertip pull-upped onto the lip, found another four inches of finger purchase, raised myself high enough […]

2010, Designation Gold Rogue Warrior. Richard Marcinko


ARS

acute radiation syndrome (“急性放射病”)之首字母縮略詞。

acute retroviral syndrome (“急性逆转录病毒综合征”)之首字母縮略詞。


acyclic

more acyclic (comparative)
most acyclic (superlative)

不是循環的； 具有開鏈結構的

花的各部分呈螺旋狀插在花托上的


acyclic digraph

In the study of the competition graph of an acyclic digraph, there are two fundamental questions which were proposed by Roberts in 1978: One is to characterize the acyclic digraphs that have interval competition graphs and the other is to characterize the graphs which are competition graphs of acyclic digraphs.

1993, Suh-Ryung-Kim, The Competition Number and Its Variants, J. Gimbel, J.W. Kennedy, L.V. Quintas (editors), Quo Vadis, Graph Theory?: A Source Book for Challenges and Directions, Elsevier (North-Holland), page 313,

Determining whether a graph has a hamiltonian path or circuit is NP-complete [3]. The problem remains NP-complete for cubic planar graphs [3], for maximal planar graphs [9], and for planar digraphs [3]. It can be trivially solved in polynomial time for planar acyclic digraphs.

2009, Tamara Mchedlidze, Antonios Symvonis, Crossing-Optimal Acyclic HP-Completion for Outerplanar st-Digraphs, Hung Q. Ngo (editor), Computing and Combinatorics: 15th Annual International Conference, Proceedings, Springer, LNCS 5609, page 76,

Acyclic digraphs form a well-studied family of digraphs of great interest in graph theory, algorithms and applications.

2018, Gregory Gutin, 3. Acyclic Digraphs, Jørgen Bang-Jensen, Gregory Gutin, Classes of Directed Graphs, Springer, page 125,


ACU

accessory commercial unit (“配套商業單位”)之首字母縮略詞。


AOB

Away on break (“休息時離開”)之首字母縮略詞。


AOS

amorphous oxide semiconductor (“非晶氧化物半导体”)之首字母縮略詞。


AIF

Audio Interchange File Format (“音頻交換文件格式”)之首字母縮略詞。

alternative investment fund (“另类投资基金”)之首字母縮略詞。


addresses

address 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


AST

Alaskan Standard Time (“阿拉斯加標準時間”)之首字母縮略詞。

Atlantic Standard Time (“大西洋標準時間”)之首字母縮略詞。


AST

advanced supersonic transport (“高级超音速运输机”)之首字母縮略詞。

assured shorthold tenancy (“受保障短期租约”)之首字母縮略詞。


ASU

Arizona State University (“亞利桑那州立大學”)之首字母縮略詞。

Appalachian State University (“阿巴拉契亞州立大學”)之首字母縮略詞。


Adele

借自法語 Adèle，等同於Adela，源自一日耳曼語族詞根“高貴的”。對比athel, 德語 edel, 古英語 æþele。

源自日耳曼語族的女性人名：阿黛爾

The beauty and simplicity of names are altogether arbitrary: Mary and Elizabeth, and Judith, may suit a taste formed on the Puritan model, that is to say, an English and Scottish taste: the French consider Victoire, Adele, Adriane, or any other such “fanciful and romantic” names, quite as simple, and perhaps as beautiful, as Mr. Stuart does Mary and Jane.

1833，E. Littell，“On Grand Christian Names”, in The New Monthly Magazine，卷 1，頁 211:


Adele

加納和多哥的一種克瓦語族語言。


photoshop

源自Adobe Photoshop，一款知名圖像修改軟件。

photoshops (third-person singular present)
photoshopping (present participle)
photoshopped (past participle)


photoshop

源自Adobe Photoshop，一款知名圖像修改軟件。


ADS

American Dialect Society (“美國方言學會”)之首字母縮略詞。


ADS

ADS-A

automatic dependent surveillance (“自動相關監視”)之首字母縮略詞。

automated decision support (“自動化決策支援”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：TIS


ash

ashes (third-person singular present)
ashing (present participle)
ashed (past participle)


ASPI

Advanced SCSI Peripheral Interface (“高階 SCSI 週邊介面”)之首字母縮略詞。


chroot

來自Unix系統操作的名字，「change root」的簡寫。

chroots (third-person singular present)
chrooting (present participle)
chrooted (past participle)

作用於正在執行的行程和它的子行程，改變它外顯的根目錄


AFAIK

as far as I know之首字母縮略詞：就我所知


AGL

acquired generalized lipodystrophy (“後天性全身脂肪失養症”)之首字母縮略詞。


AGL

The company shard specific data from today’s flight on social media, revealing that the New Shepard capsule that carried Katy Perry, Gayle King and their crewmates to space hit 346,802 feet above ground level (AGL) and 350,449 above mean sea level (MSL).

该公司在社交媒体上分享了今天飞行的具体数据，显示载着凯蒂·佩里、盖尔·金及其机组人员进入太空的新谢泼德太空舱到达了距地面（AGL）346,802英尺的高度和距平均海平面（MSL）350,449英尺的高度。

2025年April14日，Jackie Wattles, Ashley Strickland and Taylor Nicioli，“Blue Origin launches star-studded crew on space tourism rocket”, in CNN:


association list

結合串列 [電子計算機]


AI-complete

人工智能完全/完善（strong AI）。

Problems like solving crosswords from clues are reputed as AI-complete [7]. This enormous complexity is due to its semantics and the large amount of encyclopaedic knowledge required.

2006, M.Gori, M.Ernandes, G.Angelini, "Cracking Crosswords: The Computer Challenge", Reasoning, Action and Interaction in AI Theories and Systems: Essays Dedicated to Luigia Carlucci Aiello, edited by Oliviero Stock, Marco Schaerf, Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 9783540379010, page 266

Just as concept kernels are not AI-complete, sequiturs and resonances are not AI-complete. Sequiturs and resonances also may not need to be human- equivalent to minimally support deliberation; it is acceptable for an early AI to miss out on many humanly obvious thoughts, so long as those thoughts which are successfully generated sum to fully general deliberation.

2007, Ben Goertzel, Cassio Pennachin, Artificial General Intelligence, Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 9783540686774, page 452

... Now imagine a remote descendant of such a system that has acquired the ability to read with as much understanding as a human ten-year-old but with a reading speed similar to that of TextRunner. (This is probably an AI-complete problem.)

2014, Nick Bostrom, Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies, Oxford University Press ISBN 9780199678112, page 71


AIR

Aerospace Information Report (“航天信息報告”)之首字母縮略詞。


air traffic

空中交通，指航空器在飛行軌道或航空站跑道的移動


astrophotography

天文攝影 / 天體攝影術


airbrushed

airbrush 的過去式和過去分詞


airbrushed

more airbrushed (comparative)
most airbrushed (superlative)

經過數字操作，去除了瑕疵的


blue screen of death

A Blue Screen of Death is like an encrypted message from your computer telling you there's a problem. We're going to help you make sense of the gobbledygook so you can fix whatever's ailing your PC!

2007，Paul Lilly，“BSOD Crash Course”, in Maximum PC，頁 40:


ATDM

異步時分多工（asynchronous time division multiplexing）

非同步型分時多工器（asynchronous time division multiplexer）


copresence

正體: 共現；共處[電子計算機]


ALL

acute lymphoblastic leukemia (“急性淋巴性白血病”)之首字母縮略詞。

In children, leukemia was most commonly ALL—lymphoblastic leukemia—and was almost always swiftly lethal.

2010，Siddhartha Mukherjee，The Emperor of All Maladies，Fourth Estate (2011)，頁 17:


all-clear

表示障礙或危險完全清除的信號。


all-in-one

To coincide with the launch, LNER has introduced fixed-price all-in-one return fares for two adults and up to four children, priced at £129 between London, Thornaby and London.

2021年December29日，“Network News: LNER launches King's Cross-Middlesbrough direct service”, in RAIL，期 947，頁 12:


BGP

Border Gateway Protocol (“边界网关协议”)之首字母縮略詞。


all-points

We've put out an all-points on the car described by the witness.

我們已對目擊者所描述的車輛發佈全面通緝。


ALP

arm's length principle (“獨立交易原則”)之首字母縮略詞。


CLP

communication line processor (“通訊線路處理機”)之首字母縮略詞。


alphabetic

一部分借自法語 alphabétique，一部份源自後者的詞源拉丁語 alphabēticus。 By surface analysis, alphabet + -ic。


CML

[電子計算機]CML 查詢語言


CML

[信息科技]电流型逻辑/電流模邏輯（current mode logic之缩写）


CPU

central processing unit (“中央處理單元，中央處理器”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：FPU、GPU、TPU、PPU、MMU

包含電腦主要元件的電腦機殼/機箱。 (可否为此义项增加一个例句？)


CPM

乘法交換律（commutative principle for multiplication）


breaking news

突發新聞，插播新聞，即時新聞

Breaking news may contain incomplete information, factual errors, or poor editing because of a rush to publication.

由於匆忙發布，突發新聞可能包含不完整的資訊、事實錯誤或編輯不當。

There is also breaking news that the delayed Crossrail project in London cannot be completed without a further £80 million injection of funds.

還有突發消息稱，如果不進一步注入8000萬英鎊資金，被推遲的倫敦橫貫鐵路計畫就無法完成。

2020年December2日，Industry Insider，“The costs of cutting carbon”, in Rail，頁 76:


BPL

broadband over power line (“電力線寬頻”)之首字母縮略詞。


BPL

Bangladesh Premier League (“孟加拉超級板球聯賽”)之首字母縮略詞。


BTDT

been there, done that (“去過那裡，做過那事”)之首字母縮略詞。


by the way

[…] I had counted on a life-lease of the profits, whereas I only received those of a few short years. But this is by the way.

1853, Herman Melville, Bartleby, the Scrivener, in Billy Budd, Sailor and Other Stories, New York: Penguin Books, 1968; reprint 1995 as Bartleby, ISBN 0 14 60.0012 9, p.2:

“A very welcome, kind, useful present, that means to the parish. By the way, Hopkins, let this go no further. We don't want the tale running round that a rich person has arrived. Churchill, my dear fellow, we have such greedy sharks, and wolves in lamb's clothing.[…]”

1918，W. B. Maxwell，章號 7, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

His mother will be coming for dinner tomorrow, and, by the way, she volunteered to bring dessert.

他媽媽明天過來吃晚飯。順帶提一句，她還說要帶點甜品過來。


cube root

3 is the cube root of 27.


ADPS

自動資料處理系統（automatic data processing system/automated data processing system）

輔助資料處理系統（auxiliary data processing system）

自動顯示與繪圖系統（automatic display and plotting system）


curly bracket

波形括號 [電子計算機]


curses

Fisherman: '1 PLAY COIN FOR 100 GOLD, A BOUNTIFUL TRADE, IF I'D BE SO BOLD!' / Shovel Knight: 'NOT NOW' / FISHERMAN: 'CURSES! THE THOUGHT OF THIS BURDEN UPSETS ME, BUT THAT'S WHAT A LIFE OF ADVENTURING GETS ME!'

2014，Yacht Club Games，Shovel Knight: Shovel of Hope, Nintendo 3DS，關卡/區域：Armor Outpost:


curses

curse 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


anticipation

源自中古英語 anticipacioun，源自拉丁語 anticipātiō, anticipātiōnem。


antimatter

來自anti- + matter。1898年由英國物理學家阿瑟·舒斯特在《自然》期刊文章"Potential Matter.—A Holiday Dream"中使用，當時指的是反重力的物質。現代意義最早見於1940年代。

anti-matter (alternative)
antimatters (plural)

[ˈæ.ɾ̃iˌmæ.ɾɚ]


ATS

Association of Theological Schools (“神學院協會”)之首字母縮略詞。


application programming interface

application programming interfaces (plural)


approximately

不精確但在數量上接近：大約、大概、大致、約莫；…的左右；將近

每一盒火柴中大約有40根火柴。

In every box of matches there are approximately 40 matchsticks.

每一百克巧克力大約有11.6克飽和脂肪。

Per 100g of chocolate there are approximately 11.6g of saturated fat.


APT

automation presses tooling (“自動化壓力機工裝”)之首字母縮略詞。

advanced passenger train (“高級客運列車”)之首字母縮略詞。

apartment (“公寓”)之縮寫。 (APT是美國郵政署的首選；對照Apt.和apt.)

advanced persistent threat (“高級長期威脅”)之首字母縮略詞。

arbitrage pricing theory (“套利定價理論”)之首字母縮略詞。

anatomical pathology technologist (“解剖病理學技師”)之首字母縮略詞。

acyl protein thioesterase (“酰基蛋白硫酯酶”)之首字母縮略詞。


APT

automatically programmed tool (“自動編程工具”)之首字母縮略詞。

advanced packaging tool (“進階打包工具”)之首字母縮略詞。

Alabama Public Television (“阿拉巴馬州公共電視”)之首字母縮略詞。

American Public Television (“美國公共電視”)之首字母縮略詞。


ARM

accelerated reply mail (“加快回复邮件（美國郵政的一項服務）”)之首字母縮略詞。

adjustable rate mortgage (“可调利率抵押贷款”)之首字母縮略詞。

automatic route management (“自动路线管理；亞姆程式”)之首字母縮略詞。

active reconfiguring message (“主動重組態訊息”)之首字母縮略詞。

accumulator read-in module (“累加器讀入模組”)之首字母縮略詞。

algorithmic remote manipulation (“算法遠程調處”)之首字母縮略詞。

asynchronous response mode (“異步回應模式”)之首字母縮略詞。

availability, reliability, maintainability (“可用性，可靠性和可維護性”)的合稱。


AZERTY

azerty的另一種寫法


artificial neural network

人工類神經網路，人工神经网络


ascender

小寫字母中延伸到中線上方的部分

用於在繩索上上升的機械裝置


ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (“美國資訊交換標準代碼”)之首字母縮略詞。

In 1960 American Standard Code for Information Exchange (ASCII) was developed from telegraphic codes.

2021，Claire Cock-Starkey，Hyphens & Hashtags，Bodleian Library，頁 127:


CCR

commitment, concurrency, recovery (“承諾，同時及復原”)的合稱。

carrier and clock recovery (“载波与时钟脉冲复原”)之首字母縮略詞。


computus

借自拉丁語 computus。conto 的同源對似詞。

An elaborate bundle of techniques called computus therefore developed around Easter calculations. Computus formed the centerpiece of “scientific” education in the monasteries.

2008，Ian F. McNeely, Lisa Wolverton，Reinventing Knowledge: From Alexandria to the Internet，頁 68:

Bede's work, which remained in active use for half a millennium, stood at the very center of the university curriculum, because the mastery of computus included many different essential subjects such as astronomy, mathematics, geography, theology, and law; its applications, too, included medicine and agriculture.

2011，Elisheva Carlbach，Palaces of Time，頁 11:

The technical problems faced by Western computists when it came to dating the day of Christ's Passion and the year of the world's creation were so persistent and perplexing that only a radical solution could restore the lost coherence of computus and chronography.

2011，C. Philipp E. Nothaft，Dating the Passion: The Life of Jesus and the Emergence of Scientific Chronology (200-1600)，頁 103:

一本用於計算天文事件和可移動節日日期的表格

This computus also contains only one completed Plinian diagram, that for the planetary harmonic intervals.

1987, Bruce Eastwood, 5: Plinian astronomical diagrams in the early Middle Ages, Edward Grant, John Emery Murdoch, Mathematics and Its Applications to Science and Natural Philosophy in the Middle Ages, page 149,

Prognostics have thus been discovered in computi, in volumes on science or medicine, and in miscellanies which present a host of different text genres.

2007，László Sándor Chardonnens，Anglo-Saxon Prognostics, 900-1100: Study and Texts，頁 25:


chaos theory

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-chaos theory.wav


charge coupled device

[電子計算機]電荷耦合裝置


control group

（實驗中的）控制組，對照組


DBK

資料銀行，資料庫（data bank）


dish antenna

dish antennae (plural)
dish antennas (plural)


data source name

資料來源名稱；数据来源名称


ethology

/ɪˈθɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/

整體詞：zoology


Euro

Euro
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：欧洲货币
* 正體中文：歐洲貨幣
* 简体中文：欧元
* 正體中文：歐元
* 正體: 歐元[電子計算機]


LIC

線性積體電路（linear integrated circuit/line integrated circuit）


DC

Douglas Commercial之首字母縮略詞，道格拉斯飞行器公司的產品名稱

Dubai City (“杜拜市”)之首字母縮略詞

Dreamcast之首字母縮略詞。 日本電子遊戲商SEGA推出的家用遊戲機

DC Comics (“DC漫畫”)的缩略形式：Detective Comics (“偵探漫畫”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：DCU、DCEU、DCAU、DCverse

Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles (“加拿大歷史原則辭典”)之首字母縮略詞；DCHP 的截斷形式。


DC

doctor of chiropractic (“脊骨神經醫師”)之首字母縮略詞。

debit card (“借記卡”)之首字母縮略詞。

detective constable (“警員，探員”)之首字母縮略詞，用於聯邦制國家的警銜

disconnection (“斷絕，斷開”)之首字母縮略詞。

I am getting huge lag spikes […] they are bad and long enough where you think it's a DC.

2012年February6日，"u n risr@optonline.net IYM"，“Re: Random DC to Login since patch”, in alt.games.warcraft (Usenet):


DC

da capo (“反始”)之首字母縮略詞。

diagonally to the center (“斜中央”)之首字母縮略詞。


DC

direct coded (“直接編碼”)之首字母縮略詞。


DC

DCs (third-person singular present)
DCing (present participle)
DCed (past participle)
DC'd (past participle)

Since the patch I have been randomly DCing and it's at times completely game-breaking. For example,just now my Paladin was questing in Thou Needles, and I DC'd several times within a few minutes.

2012年February3日，"ToolPackinMama"，“Random DC to Login since patch”, in alt.games.warcraft (Usenet):

med dc'd


debounce

debounces (third-person singular present)
debouncing (present participle)
debounced (past participle)


forward compatible

forwards compatible (alternative)
forward compatible (comparative)
forward compatible (superlative)


International Phonetic Alphabet

/ˌɪntəˈnæʃ(ə)nəl fəˈnɛtɪk ˈælfəˌbɛt/

[ˌɪntəˈnæʃ(ə)nəɫ fəˈnɛtɪk ˈæɫfəˌbɛt]

[ˌɪntɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ fəˈnɛɾɪk ˈæɫfəˌbɛt]

The International Phonetic Alphabet is commonly used in books about Shanghainese because none of the existing romanizations are very popular.

國際音標在關於上海話的書籍中經常出現，因為上海話沒有十分通用的羅馬化。


HTH

hope this helps之首字母縮略詞：希望有幫助


HTTPS

HTTP/TLS

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (“超文本传输安全协议”)之首字母縮略詞。


dry bulb temperature

同類詞：wet bulb temperature


hydrogen bomb

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hydrogen bomb.wav


FDM

頻分多工；頻分複用（frequency division multiplexing/frequency division multiplex）


hyphenation

（尤指正確地）使用連字號，用連字號連接

Print the article without hyphenation if you're not sure where to put them.

若您不確定應在何處使用連字號，請在不使用之的情況下打印文章。


duplicator

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-duplicator.wav

可複製東西的機器，如複印機

Schools joining the cooperative were assessed an initial membership fee to purchase a high-speed tape duplicator and about 200 tapes.

加入合作社的学校需要缴纳初始会员费，用于购买高速磁带复制机和约200盘磁带。

1975，Wisconsin Library Bulletin，卷s 71-72，頁 116:


lock out

locks out (third-person singular present)
locking out (present participle)
locked out (past participle)


ionizing radiation

[電子計算機]離子化輻射；電離化輻射；致电离辐射


IPX/SPX

Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (“網際網路封包交換協定/序列分組交換”)之首字母縮略詞。


Ironman

Ironman
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：铁人
* 正體中文：鐵人
* 正體: Ironman 高階程式語言[電子計算機]


iMac

造於1998年，i- (“internet”) + Mac (“Macintosh”)。

苹果公司设计与生产的一体化台式电脑品牌。

her face bathed in the blue light of her hypnotically addictive 24-inch iMac

她的脸沉浸在令人陶醉的 24 英寸 iMac 的蓝光中

2019，Bernardine Evaristo，Girl, Woman, Other，Penguin Books (2020)，頁 115:


Electronic Entertainment Expo (“電子娛樂展”)之首字母縮略詞。 （全球電子遊戲產業最大的年度商業化展覽）


JIS

Japanese Industrial Standards (“日本產業規格”)之首字母縮略詞。


Eden

源自希伯來語 עֵדֶן (eden)，可能源自蘇美爾語 𒂔 (edin，“草原；花園”)。

And the LORD God planted a garden Eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.

耶和華神在東方的伊甸立了一個園子，把所造的人安置在那裡。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 2:8:

英語姓氏，可能派生自地名

It was no good. I felt beyond all question that I was indeed Eden, not Elvesham. But Eden in Elvesham's body!

这没什么用。毫无疑问，我感觉我确实是 Eden，而不是 Elvesham。但我是 Elvesham 身体里的 Eden！

1896，H G Wells，The Story of the Late Mr. Elvesham:

源自希伯來語的女性人名，出自聖經的地名；亦來自古英語以 ēad (“財富”) 開頭的複合名字在中世紀的指小詞。

We call Edith Eden now because that is what she called herself before she could pronounce 'th'. It is rather a lovely name, I think. Edith sounds like someone's old aunt. I can't think why Mother and Father chose it.
我們現在把 Edith 叫做 Eden，因為在她學會發“th”音之前，她就是這麼叫自己的。我覺得這個名字挺可愛的。Edith 聽起來像是誰的老姑媽一樣。我搞不懂她父母為什麼給她取了這個名字。

1986 Barbara Vine (Ruth Rendell): A Dark-Adapted Eye: page 35:

地名 鎮名，位於澳大利亞新南威爾士州。

地名 非建制社區名，位於亞利桑那州葛蘭姆。

地名 城市及鎮名，位於愛達荷州傑羅姆。

地名 非建制社區名，位於伊利諾伊州皮奧里亞。

地名 非建制社區名，位於伊利諾伊州蘭道夫。

地名 非建制社區名，位於印第安納州漢考克。

地名 非建制社區名，位於堪薩斯州艾奇遜。

地名 非建制社區名，位於肯塔基州巴特勒。

地名 普查規定居民點名，位於馬里蘭州薩默塞特。

地名 非建制社區名，位於明尼蘇達州道奇。

地名 村名，位於密西西比州亞祖。

地名 鎮名，位於紐約州伊利。

地名 城市名，位於北卡羅萊納州羅京安。

地名 鎮及村名，位於南達科他州馬歇爾。

地名 城市名，位於德克薩斯州孔喬。

地名 普查規定居民點名，位於猶他州韋伯。

地名 鎮名，位於佛蒙特州拉莫伊爾。

地名 非建制社區名，位於華盛頓州沃凱亞庫姆。

地名 非建制社區名，位於西弗吉尼亞州布恩。

地名 非建制社區名，位於西弗吉尼亞州俄亥俄。

地名 非建制社區名，位於西弗吉尼亞州亞普修爾。

地名 鎮及村名，位於威斯康辛州豐迪拉克。

地名 鎮名，位於威斯康辛州愛阿華。

地名 普查規定居民點名，位於懷俄明州斯威特沃特。

地名 美國的多個鎮區，參見伊登镇区。


Eden

The first explorers saw America as an Eden.

美洲的最早一批發現者視其為樂土。


Eden

* 坎布里亞河名來自羅馬時代的名字，不列顛拉丁語 Ituna。蘇格蘭河流也與此名的詞根有關。
* 肯特郡河名逆構自 Edenbridge，源自古英語 Eadhelmsbrigge (“Eadhelm 之橋”)。

河名，位於英格蘭坎布里亞

河名，位於蘇格蘭法夫council area，流入北海。

Eden Water，小河名，位於蘇格蘭邊區council area，流入特威德河。

伊登區，非都會區名，位於英格蘭坎布里亞，1974年成立，2023年廢除，以河流命名，治所在 Penrith。

居民點名，位於愛爾蘭安特里姆。

鎮名，位於北愛爾蘭蒂龍。


jewel case

jewel-case (alternative)
jewel cases (plural)


edu

正體: 教育行業的網域[電子計算機]


IMNSHO

In my not-so-humble opinion (“依本人不太謙虛的見解”)之首字母縮略詞。


egg drop

To get the egg drop–like shreds, get the soup up to a high boil, add the egg whites, and stir quickly, breaking them up with a whisk as you stir.

1998，Todd English，Sally Sampson，The Figs Table，Simon and Schuster, →ISBN，頁 91:


LOL

lol (alternative)
lawl (alternative)
lel (alternative)
lul (alternative)
lols (alternative)
LOLS (alternative)
lolsies (alternative)
LOLsies (alternative)
lolzies (alternative)
lulz (alternative)

通常情況下，小寫的lol用於該詞的削弱意義（表示輕鬆愉快），而大寫的則更多地用於字面上。
尤其小寫的「lol」有時會被重復，以「lololol」、「lololol」等方式來進一步強調笑聲。

Laughing (or laugh) out loud (“大笑”)之首字母縮略詞。

Lots of laughs (“哈哈大笑”)之首字母縮略詞。(偶爾使用)

表示輕鬆愜意，或表示所附的聲明並不打算嚴肅。

Lots of love (“很多的愛”)之首字母縮略詞。

SHEESH !!!! ¶ LOL (Laugh out loud) &&&& ¶ LOL (Lots of love, coz I'm a sharing caring kinda gal) ¶ Nikki

2002年November29日，Me Here，“Latest Rugby Poll.”, in nz.general (Usenet):

Explaining how much I hated being away from him for another weekend, how I had to do it to pay for his school, for our life. Heartfelt, heart-full, I signed it "LOL, Dad.". Then a pause. And I see appearing on my screen these words. "Dad: what exactly do you think LOL means?" "Lots of Love, obviously," I replied.

2007，Adam Gopnik，Through the Children's Gate, →ISBN:

The answer is in Job 40:7 to the end of the chapter, and 2 tim 2:11 thru 2:21. LOL, Dad Miscommunication: I was thinking he was laughing he didn't tell that was not true. An on-looker said he may mean lots of love. I asked and he didn't answer but he hugged me the next time he saw me for two seconds. Progress not perfection.

2010，Keturah Wasler，Box of Chocolates: Piece from My Heart, →ISBN，頁 20:

John 21:15, 16,17 Back in the fifties, when I used to write childish letters in long-hand to my grandmothers, I would delight in closing with LOL, by which I intended the sentiment "Lots of Love"! This was followed by "XOXOXOXO", which, of course, was hugs and kisses.

2011，Rhonda K. Kindig，Found in Translation, →ISBN，頁 105:

One of the most famous examples of this misunderstanding came to prominence three years ago, thanks to a screengrab of this text message sent by a mother to her son: "Your great aunt just passed away. LOL".

2014年May28日，Stuart Heritage，“25 years of LOL – the good and bad bits”, in The Guardian:


LOL

lol (alternative)
lawl (alternative)
lel (alternative)
lul (alternative)
lols (alternative)
LOLS (alternative)
lolsies (alternative)
LOLsies (alternative)
lolzies (alternative)
lulz (alternative)
LOLs (third-person singular present)
LOLing (present participle)
LOLed (past participle)
LOLd (past participle)
LOL'd (past participle)


LOL

lol (alternative)
lawl (alternative)
lel (alternative)
lul (alternative)
lols (alternative)
LOLS (alternative)
lolsies (alternative)
LOLsies (alternative)
lolzies (alternative)
lulz (alternative)
LOLs (plural)

Loyal Orange Lodge (“忠誠奧蘭治機構”)之首字母縮略詞。奧蘭治兄弟會的所有分會的前綴。例如：LOL 1是波塔鎮分支。

Then he started with his LOLs. The Little Old Ladies who needed help with daily chores.

2018，Jeanne Marie Laskas，To Obama, With love, joy, hate and despair, →ISBN，頁 29:


LORAN

During movement, LORAN was used only to augment and verify the accuracy of the GPS. Several companies that had specific missions at march objectives, though, used LORANs without GPS verification.


electrode potential

[電子計算機]電極電位；電極電勢


JFET

連接場效電晶體（junction field effect transistor）


Gauss-Seidel method

高士賽迪法；高斯-塞德法


DEX

Examining the history of how DEXs have evolved can help elucidate where DEXs are headed and how they will compete with centralized exchanges.

2024年April10日，Alex Wearn，“CEXs vs. DEXs: The Future Battle Lines”, in CoinDesk:

The Solana blockchain alone did more volume than Ethereum, Base and BSC's cumulative DEX activity of $37.9 billion, of which Ethereum accounted for $14.3 billion while the rest did over $11 billion each.

2024年November19日，Omkar Godbole，“SOL Looks Set to Outperform BTC as Solana-Based DEXs Register Record $41B in Trading Volume: Godbole”, in CoinDesk:


genetic algorithm

[電子計算機]基因演算法；遗传算法


femtosecond

Sheldon Cooper: My hair is growing at the rate of 4.6 yoctometers per femtosecond.

2012, Mark Cendrowski, The Big Bang Theory, Season 5, Episode 18, "The Werewolf Transformation":

The observation and manipulation of electron dynamics in matter call for attosecond light pulses, routinely available from high-order harmonic generation driven by few-femtosecond lasers.

2017，D. E. Rivas, A. Borot, D. E. Cardenas, G. Marcus, X. Gu, D. Herrmann, J. Xu, J. Tan, D. Kormin, G. Ma, W. Dallari, G. D. Tsakiris, I. B. Földes, S.-w. Chou, M. Weidman, B. Bergues, T. Wittmann, H. Schröder, P. Tzallas, D. Charalambidis, O. Razskazovskaya, V. Pervak, F. Krausz, L. Veisz，“Next Generation Driver for Attosecond and Laser-plasma Physics”, in Scientific Reports，卷 7, →DOI:


FET

field effect transistor (“場效電晶體”)之首字母縮略詞。


FET

FET y de las JONS (“傳統主義西班牙國家工團主義進攻委員會方陣”)的缩略形式

FET was the only legal party in Spain in the 60s.


Gothic

Goth + -ic，自17世紀始在英語有使用。源自晚期拉丁語 gothicus。
不同的形容詞用法幾乎是同時在17世紀前半部分開始使用的。“哥特人的”之義在1611版欽定本聖經的前言中有使用（the Gothicke tongue）。“日耳曼的；條頓的”一義在1640年代出現，而“哥特式的；中世紀的”一義也在1640年代出現，同樣“哥特字體的”也是如此。

哥特語，已絕滅的日耳曼語族語言，曾經由哥特人使用。


Gothic

more Gothic (comparative)
most Gothic (superlative)

goth

哥特亞文化、音樂、生活方式等的。（自1980年代始）

哥特人/哥特語的。（自1611始）

classical

哥特式的（建築風格）。（自1640年代始）

Baroque

Gothic arches

(文學) 與哥特復興相關的小說寫法，內容多描寫神祕背景氣氛中的暴力/恐怖事件。（自19世紀早期始）

Gothic tales

(印刷、英國用語) 哥特體（過去印刷使用的字體）的。

Gothic letters

(印刷、美國用語) 線條直、寬度均勻的無襯線字體，又稱作grotesque。

哥特亞文化、音樂、生活方式等的。（自1980年代始）

industrial

Gothic rock

Gothic dress


graceful degradation

Since we built the website with graceful degradation in mind, it will replace animations with textual cues if JavaScript is not available.

由于我们在构建网站时考虑到了柔性降级，因此如果JavaScript不可用，它将用文本提示代替动画。


graphics processing unit

同類詞：central processing unit、dGPU、iGPU


Gregorian calendar

以教宗格勒哥里十三世／格里高利十三世／額我略十三世／葛利果十三世命名，他是規定應使用這套曆法的人。


laissez faire

(政治、經濟) 自由放任，放任主義


GTE

通用電話電子公司（General Telephone & Electric Corporation）


hand over

hands over (third-person singular present)
handing over (present participle)
handed over (past participle)

讓與控制權或東西事物的所有權；交出/移交

I handed over the controls to the copilot.

我將控制權移交給副駕駛員。

Liverpool still have a game in hand but City have made up most of that lost ground and this was a resounding message that they will not be handing over the title.

2019年February10日，Phil McNulty，“Manchester City 6-0 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport:


laser disk

雷射磁碟；雷射唱片；雷射唱盤；影碟片；激光碟片


hanja

借自朝鮮語 한자(漢字) (hanja)，源自中古漢語 漢字 (中古 xanH dziH)。
對比粵語 漢字／汉字 (hon³ zi⁶), 日語 漢字 (kanji), 官話 漢字／汉字 (hànzì), 越南語 Hán tự。kanji 的同源對似詞。


injection laser diode

[電子計算機]注入雷射二極體；激注雷射二極體；注入式激光二极管


discrete time

同類詞：continuous time


laugh track

laughtrack (alternative)
laugh-track (alternative)
laugh tracks (plural)

You know where you never see a camcorder? At a funeral. Wouldn't that be fun? Especially if you didn't know any of the people there. Why not go to a stranger's funeral, and bring your camcorder? Have a little fun! Zoom in on the corpse's nose hairs. Then pull back, and pan over to the widow's tears. Get a tight shot of that. Do a montage of people wracked with grief. Then go home and put a laugh track on it! Smoke a joint and show it to your friends. That would be a lot of fun.

1997，George Carlin，Brain Droppings，New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 173:

Possibly a show with no laugh track would improve with a well-done laugh track.

2004，Robert Kubey，Creating Television, →ISBN:

He felt it weird to have this discussion with a laugh track running faintly in the background.

2012，Ridley Pearson，No Witnesses, →ISBN:

There were shows where they let us not use a laugh track ... and portions of shows. Whenever they were in the O.R. or serious surgery, there was no laugh track.

2013，Allan Neuwirth，They'll Never Put That on the Air: The New Age of TV Comedy, →ISBN:


lead time

It's an excellent device, but it has a 10-week lead time, so be sure to order it in advance.

With long lead times in timetable planning WMT [West Midlands Trains] has stated that the earliest it can recast the timetable will be May 2020.

2019 October，“Chase Line service to be split next May”, in Modern Railways，頁 17:


leading time

*前导时间（就是产品从设计，到生产、物流、销售的过程。）
**举例子来说 Leading Time：20 days，就是指从明确客户需求到客户需求被满足，中间需要20天时间,即有20天的前导时间。Leading time是一个时间跨度或所需时间。Leading time 用英文解释是指 how long or how many days from initiation to completion。


LL

租用線，租用專線（leased line之缩写）

局部線路（local line之缩写）

實用負載（live load之缩写）


LSM

低速调制解调器；低速數據機（low speed modem之缩写）

線選擇模組；线性选择模块（line select module之缩写）

線性選擇記憶體；线性选择存储器（linear select memory之缩写）


ECT

发射型计算器断层成象（emission computed tomography/emission computerized tomography）


environmental monitoring

[環境][電子計算機]環境監視；環境監測，為防止對環境造成的負面或有害影響所進行的週期性或連續性的量測、評價和測定環境參數或污染程度。同時包括總體生態系統之預測或生物圈之可能變化。


equals

equal 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


flash card

flash cards (plural)
flashcard (alternative)


LFG

同類詞：let's go

lexical functional grammar (“詞彙功能語法”)之首字母縮略詞。


IGFET

絕緣閘場效應電晶體（insulated gate field effect transistor）


floor plan

Show visitors use the showguide (with floor-plan and ads) to pre-plan their limited visiting time […]

展会观众参考会刊（含展位平面图及广告页）提前规划有限的参观时间 […]

1985，Walter S. Kelley, Henry G. Lord, Walter Bradford Guild，Textile World，卷 135，頁 57:


Intel

英特爾 （一家總部位於美國的跨國公司，以設計和製造微處理器及專用集成電路而聞名）


Mac

* 正體: 麥金塔電腦[電子計算機]


Mach

源自捷克語 Mach、斯洛伐克語 Mach、波蘭語 Mach 及其他相關語言，源自以 Ma- 開頭的人名的截尾形式 + 斯拉夫語後綴 -ch 組成的暱稱。亦有可能來自匈牙利語 Mács。還有些情況是源自越南語或高棉語。

Ernst Mach，奧地利物理學家（1838–1916），出生於摩拉維亞（今捷克境內）。


Mach

沒有複數形式。 一般接在數字前面，如上面的例子。

The jet traveled at Mach 3.

噴氣機以3馬赫的速度飛行。


Magellan

葡萄牙語 Magalhães的英語化。源自葡萄牙航海家斐迪南·麥哲倫（Fernão de Magalhães）。Magalhães一詞可能源於凱爾特伊比利亞語 magal。


Microsoft

microcomputer + software 組成的混成詞。參見 -soft。


Microsoft

一家產品被廣泛應用的公司

Similarly, said Fraley, farmers were going to demand Bt cotton or Roundup-resistant soybean plants no matter where they went shopping for seeds. Monsanto would be the Microsoft of agriculture.

2001，Daniel Charles，Lords of the Harvest: Biotech, Big Money, and the Future of Food, →ISBN，頁 110:

The company wanted to turn Celera into the Microsoft of the gene-hunting world, selling its version of the human genome to private or public gene hunters through a proprietary computer program.

2005，Merrill Goozner，The $800 Million Pill: The Truth Behind the Cost of New Drugs, →ISBN，頁 64:

Shepherding is more or less gone (though there’s an interesting move back toward discipleship in today’s church especially among those influenced by Rick Warren’s blockbuster book The Purpose-Driven Life), but Integrity remains as sort of the Microsoft of worship music.

2006，Andrew Beaujon，Body Piercing Saved My Life: Inside the Phenomenon of Christian Rock, →ISBN，頁 232:


Microsoft

Microsofts (third-person singular present)
Microsofting (present participle)
Microsofted (past participle)

在商業實踐和策略方面變得更像微軟

You could call it the Microsofting of the wine industry. Of course, wine is unlikely to be dominated by one producer or one distributor.

2003，Wine Enthusiast，卷 16, 期s 2-8，頁 122:


miniseries

迷你影集；迷你剧；电视连续短剧。一种电台或电视连续剧，通常集数较少，不会整季播出。

一种相对较短的、长度预设的连环漫画系列。


manufacturer

/ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃəɹə/

/ˌmænjəˈfækt͡ʃɚɚ/

[ˌmɛənjəˈfækt͡ʃɚɚ]


NAB

National Australia Bank (“澳洲國民銀行”)之首字母縮略詞。

National Association of Broadcasters (“全美廣播事業者聯盟”)之首字母縮略詞。

National Accountability Bureau (“国家问责局”)之縮寫。


meme

由英國的生物學家理查德·道金斯在1976造出，用於其著作《自私的基因》。mimeme的縮略（對比英語 phoneme），源自古希臘語 μῖμος (mîmos，“複製，模仿”)。。其網路含義由迈克·戈德温應用。

culturgen

模因，迷因（透過模仿在人與人之間傳播的思想、行為或風格）

模因，迷因（透過模仿在人與人之間傳播的思想、行為或風格）

Examples of memes are tunes, ideas, catch-phrases, clothes fashions, ways of making pots or of building arches.

1976, Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene:

Related memes tend to form mutually supporting meme-complexes such as religions, political ideologies, scientific theories, and New Age dogmas.

2002, Rita Carter, Exploring Consciousness, p. 242:

The original Hobson and Jobson stock comic characters have died out as a meme, as has the application of their names to the Muharram in India.

2014，James Lambert，“A Much Tortured Expression: A New Look At ‘Hobson-Jobson’”, in International Journal of Lexicography，卷 27, 期 1，頁 67:

哏/梗，網路迷因，網路爆火現象 （自1993年）

I do...but my journal is a mess. It's mostly filled with memes and my bitching about a house I am building.

2005，darklily，“OT: Livejournal”, in soc.sexuality.general (Usenet):

The idea was to append Keyboard Cat to the end of a blooper video to "play" that person offstage after a mistake or gaffe, like getting the hook in the days of vaudeville. The meme became popular, Ashton Kutcher tweeted about it to more than 1 million followers, and more than 4,000 such videos have now been made.

2012, Greg Jarboe, You Tube and Video Marketing, 2nd edition:

Harlem Shake meme: the new Gangnam Style? [headline]

2013年February8日，Tim Jonze，“Harlem Shake meme: the new Gangnam Style?”, in The Guardian:

Social networks produce inside jokes at a relentless pace. The best, worst, stupidest and funniest of those jokes become memes, and either you get them or you don’t.

2017年December15日，Jonah Engel Bromwich，“Life on the Meme Council: Meet the Internet’s Gatekeepers”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

He said that NFT sales had helped establish memes as a sophisticated art form and “serious pieces of culture.”

2021年April29日，Marie Fazio，引 Ben Lashes, “The World Knows Her as ‘Disaster Girl.’ She Just Made $500,000 Off the Meme.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

（本為錯誤卻）廣泛流傳成真實的行為或理念

it’s a meme degree

jogging is a meme


meme

memes (third-person singular present)
meming (present participle)
memeing (present participle)
memed (past participle)

將……轉變成網路迷因；（在現實生活中）使用網路迷因

to meme into existence

Scott Greer, a deputy editor of the Daily Caller, tweeted, “Cernovich memed #SickHillary into reality. Never doubt the power of memes.”

2016年October31日，Andrew Marantz，“Trolls for Trump”, in The New Yorker, retrieved 2017-12-02:

David Moyes succeeding Slaven Bilić as West Ham United manager is being memed into existence by the internet, Football Burp understands.

2017年November6日，“David Moyes to West Ham “memed into existence by the internet””, in Football Burp, retrieved 2017-12-02:

One axiom commonly seen on /pol/ is "The Left Can't Meme"; in other words, left-wing meme jokes aren't funny.

2018，Eric W. Saeger，Russian Nazi Troll Bots!:

actually, it wasn't my mental functioning. i'm just meming.

2004年May17日，you，“Truth vs. Lies”, in alt.slack (Usenet):

“[P]ewdiepie is, once again, doing exactly what neo-nazis want,” Kotaku reporter Nathan Grayson commented on Twitter in response to the incident. “[W]hether he’s just meming or he ascribes to these values, it doesn’t matter. [W]hat matters is that he normalizes these ideas as jokes on THE platform where kids increasingly get their first exposure to the world at large.”

2018年December13日，Aja Romano，“YouTube’s most popular user amplified anti-Semitic rhetoric. Again.”, in Vox:

Some of his fellow fascists thought he was just “meming and pranking”; others dismissed it as “some autistic phase.”

2019，Rachel Monroe，Savage Appetites: Four True Stories of Women, Crime, and Obsession, →ISBN:


Merlin

Merlin
====翻译====
翻譯
* 漢語：梅林
* 正體: Merlin 作業系統[電子計算機]


MOSFET

金屬氧半導體場效應電晶體；metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor 之首字母縮略詞。


multiplication table

It was not till animated by some discussion, based upon the multiplication-table, that you saw how keen and shrewd those large, dull, gray eyes could become.

1837，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，“Alteration”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […]，卷 II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC，頁 21:


Michelangelo

借自意大利語 Michelangelo，源自 Michele (“米迦勒”) + Angelo (“天使”)，指《聖經》中的天使長米迦勒。

In the room the women come and go / Talking of Michelangelo.

房間裡的女人來來去去／談論著米開朗基羅。

1915，T. S. Eliot，“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”, in Prufrock and Other Observations，出版於 1917:

Where did Picasso come from? / There's no Michelangelo coming from Pittsburgh

畢加索從哪裡來？／沒有來自匹茲堡的米開朗基羅

1990，Lou Reed, John Cale （作曲作詞）, “Smalltown”, in Songs for Drella:


Netscape

Netscape
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：网景
* 正體中文：網景
* 正體: 網景公司；網景瀏覽器[電子計算機]


Pinyin

來自官話 漢語 拼音 (pīnyīn)。

pinyin (alternative)
p'in-yin (alternative)


Pinyin

來自官話 漢語 拼音 (pīnyīn)。


Pinyin

喀麥隆的一種班圖語支語言。


Oracle

由甲骨文公司開發的資料庫／數據庫管理系統（及其相關軟體／軟件）


PNP

purine nucleoside phosphorylase (“嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶”)之首字母縮略詞。

Light is transmitted from the color LED, through the fiber optic cable, to control the PNP transistor (Q1) and red LED (D1).

2017年October7日，“Snap Circuits Light”, in Snap Circuits，Elenco，頁 59:


PNP

Philippine National Police (“菲律宾国家警察”)之首字母縮略詞。

Press Network of Pakistan (“巴基斯坦新闻网络”)之首字母縮略詞。


pop-under

popunder (alternative)
pop-unders (plural)


posting

post 的現在時分詞和動名詞


power down

powers down (third-person singular present)
powering down (present participle)
powered down (past participle)

Google Glass batteries power down after 45 minutes of continuous recording, making it unlikely anyone could capture an entire film.

Google Glass 的電池在連續錄影 45 分鐘後就會斷電，因此不太可能有人能拍下一整部影片。

2014年June29日，Adam Sherwin，“UK cinemas ban Google glasses over piracy risk”, in The Independent:


paged

page的过去式和过去分词。


PSU

psu (“practical salinity unit，實際鹽度單位”)的大小寫替代形式


non-disclosure agreement

Shepard: What sort of work do you do here?
Dr. Palon: I can't say. I signed a non-disclosure agreement. If we survive, I'd like to keep my job.
Dr. Palon: The location is terrible, but the pay is better than any other commercial lab.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：Rift Station, Noveria:

Due to Non-Disclosure Agreements, he was unable to confirm too much regarding the work on the '92s', […].

2021年January27日，“Network News: Hydro-treated Vegetable Oil performs well in DBC tests”, in RAIL, issue 923，頁 11:


Prince of Darkness

仿譯自拉丁語 prīnceps tenebrārum，見於《失樂園》。


PCB

LED flexible PCB strip

發光二極體柔性印刷電路板灯条

Another environmental factor thought to be affecting some coastal birds, although comparatively little is yet known about its extent or origin, is the presence of marine pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and toxic heavy metals.

另一个被认为影响一些沿海鸟类的环境因素是海洋污染物的存在，例如多氯联苯 ( PCB ) 和有毒重金属，尽管人们对其影响程度和来源知之甚少。

1986，Valerie M. Thom，“Coastal habitats”, in Birds in Scotland，London: T & AD Poyser, 出版於 2011, →ISBN，頁 25:

physically changeable bit (“物理可變位”)之首字母縮略詞。

Pakistan Cricket Board (“巴基斯坦板球委員會”)之首字母縮略詞。


PCI Express

PCI Express，電腦匯流排的一個重要分支


perfect number

仿譯自拉丁語 numerus perfectus，其中 perfectus 的用法本身是來自古希臘語 τέλειος (téleios)的語義借用。

完全數（一個等於其所有因數（不包括自身）之和的數）

The factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3 and 6, and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, so 6 is a perfect number.

6的因数有1、2、3和6，而1 + 2 + 3 = 6，故6是完全数。

The factors of 28 are 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28, and 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28, so 28 is a perfect number.


OIC

Oh, I see（原來如此；我懂了）


OIC

Organization of Islamic Cooperation (“伊斯兰合作组织”)之首字母縮略詞。


personal name

人名，個人名稱（尤其是全名）


on the other hand

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-on the other hand.ogg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-us-on the other hand.ogg

Well yes, it was quite a good bargain; on the other hand, do we really need one?

是的，這是一筆不錯的交易。但反過來想，我們真的需要嗎？

Its external relations, on the one hand to dynamics, and on the other to heat, light, chemical action, and the constitution of bodies, seem to indicate the special importance of electrical science as an aid to the interpretation of nature.

1873，James Clerk Maxwell，A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism:

The host of business travellers between Bishops Stortford and London would scarcely take kindly to devious routing via the Southbury line; on the other hand, it is not desirable that they should overcrowd the business trains to and from Cambridge.

1961 January，“The North-East London electrification of the Great Eastern Line”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 19:


protective coating

防護漆；防護塗層；保護性塗層


Philips

源自 Philip + 指小词性质的后缀 -s

菲利普斯，轉變自人名的姓氏。


Philips

源自 Philip + 指小词性质的后缀 -s


photovoltaic cell

[電子計算機]光伏打電池；光电池


quantum computer

Graphene could change the electronics industry, ushering in flexible devices, supercharged quantum computers, electronic clothing and computers that can interface with the cells in your body.

石墨烯可以改變電子產業，帶來柔性設備、極為迅速的量子電腦、電子服裝和可以與體內細胞連接的電腦。

2014年April13日，Nick Bilton，“Bend it, charge it, dunk it: Graphene, the material of tomorrow”, in 紐約時報:


quantum dot

A quantum dot is a semiconductor crystal a few nanometres (billionths of a metre) across – about 50 atoms wide, in other words.

量子點是一種直徑幾奈米（十億分之一米）的半導體晶體，換句話說，大約有50個原子寬。

2011年June18日，“Dotting the eyes”, in The Economist:

There was talk that Apple would release an iMac with a quantum dot screen last year. But then the company switched course, declaring that the existing process for making these little crystals was too toxic to the environment.

去年有傳言稱蘋果將推出配備量子點螢幕的 iMac。但隨後該公司改變了方向，宣稱現有的製造這些小晶體的工藝對環境的毒性太大。

2016年May6日，Joanna Klein，“How a Mysterious Bacteria Almost Gave You a Better TV”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


QWERTY

美國發明家克里斯托弗·萊瑟姆·肖爾斯 (1819–1890)發明了QWERTY鍵盤
1873年的Sholes打字機，配備qwerty了鍵盤
來自QWERTY鍵盤上排的前六個字母。

qwerty (alternative)
Qwerty (alternative)

表示鍵盤上用於鍵入的按鍵的標準佈局，其中最上面字母行的最左邊的鍵順序是 Q-W-E-R-T-Y 。

It was the Monotype model D keyboard introduced in 1907 which became the standard for printers, with a "qwerty" typewriter lay and removable keybars which made the keyboard independent of the matrix case arrangement.

1978，Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science，卷s 24 (Printers and Printing to Public Policy, Copyright), New York, N.Y., Basel: Marcel Dekker, →ISBN，頁 109:

The older children we came to know had had a great deal of experience with written language, and they certainly had a firm grasp of the alphabetic sequence. They were annoyed with the arrangement of letters on the typewriter keyboard, which begins at the second from the top row and proceeds left to right with the letters, "Q," "W," "E," "R," "T," and "Y." Computer professionals, who refer to this arrangement as the "QWERTY keyboard," have pointed out that, although it originated in order to avoid jam-ups of frequently used keys on the manual typewriter, the QWERTY arrangement is now completely obsolete but apparently here to stay. Third and fourth graders knew only that QWERTY had no logic that they could discern, and, until they developed basic keyboard familiarity, it greatly delayed their attempts at finding the keys they needed.

1991，Marilyn Cochran-Smith，Cynthia L. Paris，Jessica L. Kahn，“Hunting, Pecking, and Checking: Learning to Write with Word Processing”, in Learning to Write Differently: Beginning Writers and Word Processing (Language and Educational Processes)，Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing, →ISBN，頁 137:

[…] The Dvorak typewriter keyboard is, it has been claimed, ergonomically superior to the standard "Qwerty" arrangement. But having settled on the current standard keyboard, largely by historical accident, now manufacturers are supposedly reluctant to produce Dvorak keybboards so long as almost all typists are trained on Qwerty, while typists don't want to train on Dvorak when almost all keyboards are Qwerty. Even the inferior keyboard as a matched choice is superior to failing to coordinate at all.

1992，Jack Hirshleifer，John G. Riley，“Strategic Uncertainty and Equilibrium Concepts”, in The Analytics of Uncertainty and Information (Cambridge Surveys of Economic Literature)，Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 出版於 2002, →ISBN, section 9.1 (Nash Equilibrium)，頁 330:

The ‘QWERTY’ layout of keyboards is also a cause for concern. The design means that the fingers of the left hand (the less dominant hand for most Westerners) do 57 per cent of the work in typing English text. RSI symptoms are often found to be more intense in the left hand of keyboard users.

1993年September11日，John Ballard，“RSI on Trial: More People Suffering from Repetitive Strain Injury are Seeking Compensation in Court as Fresh Evidence Comes to Light about the Symptoms and Causes of this Crippling Disorder”, in New Scientist，London: New Scientist Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2016-04-13:

The typewriter using separate characters on type bars striking on a cylinder soon dominated the market. Because adjacent striking bars tended to jam when struck rapidly, manufacturers abandoned the alphabetical placement of letters on the keyboard in favor of the left-to-right "qwerty" disposition that takes into account the frequency and sequence of letters in English.

1994，Henri-Jean Martin，Lydia G. Cochrane, transl.，“Beyond Writing”, in The History and Power of Writing，Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN，頁 465:


recoding

recode 的現在時分詞和動名詞


red-black tree

源自此類樹狀圖中節點的傳統顏色。


relatively prime

在數學中，這個形容詞可以用在諸如「A and B are relatively prime」、「A is relatively prime to B"」以及較不常見的「A is relatively prime with B」”之類的短語中。

互質，數和數之間沒有大於1的共同因數

24 and 35 are relatively prime.

互質，某數相對於其他數沒有大於1的共同因數

24 is relatively prime to 35.


remediation

正體: 補救；挽回[電子計算機]


rivers

river 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


run around

runs around (third-person singular present)
running around (present participle)
ran around (past)
run around (past participle)

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见run、around。

孩子們在操場上跑來跑去。

The children ran around in the playground.

I don't want to run around all week getting everything ready for the holidays.

我不想整個星期都忙著為假期準備好一切。

“A very welcome, kind, useful present, that means to the parish. By the way, Hopkins, let this go no further. We don't want the tale running round that a rich person has arrived. Churchill, my dear fellow, we have such greedy sharks, and wolves in lamb's clothing. […]”

1918，W. B. Maxwell，章號 7, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

從一頭移動到另一頭，讓火車向相反方向行駛

從反手方位跑到正手方位擊球，或反過來

He'd gotten into tremendous shape so that he could run around his backhand and avoid hitting it altogether. He even tried a left-handed forehand. That was how desperate he was.

2006, Greg Moran, Tennis Beyond Big Shots, page 71, ISBN 1932421041


run around

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见run、around。

我們把狗放了，這樣它就可以四處亂跑。

We let the dog off the lead so it could have a run around.

Natrum sulp. is my specific for inflammations of the matrix of the nails or " run arounds."

1893，The New England Medical Gazette - Volume 28，頁 183:

The sketch shows the arrangement of run arounds for bringing the loaded trips into the bottom and for returning the empties to the proper quarter of the mine.

1914，Mine and Quarry - Volumes 8-11，頁 1176:

The Committee contends : First, that the turn of Brakeuien W. R. Tighe and W. F. Haworth was run around at Baird by the crews of Conductors Schwartz, Russell, Hubbard, and Whaley and thereby lost 200 miles, or four 50-mile run arounds.

1937，United States. National Railroad Adjustment Board，Awards: first division. 1- - Volume 7，頁 504:


LCAO

linear combination of atomic orbitals (“原子轨道线性组合”)之首字母縮略詞。


dioxin

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dioxin.wav


sandbox

（供兒童在裏面玩耍的）沙箱，沙場


scale up

scales up (third-person singular present)
scaling up (present participle)
scaled up (past participle)

rescale

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见scale、up。

rescale

在保持一定比例的情況下，增大某物的尺寸。

scale down

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见scale、up。

scale down

在保持一定比例的情況下，增大某物的尺寸。

shrink

在保持一定比例的情況下，增大某物的尺寸。

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见scale、up。

在保持一定比例的情況下，增大某物的尺寸。

近義詞：magnify

近義詞：expand、grow

Transects can be taken in localised settings and compared to local visual environments, as in this pilot study. But the technique can be scaled up to larger situations by taking multiple transects from multiple locales and combining the data.

2019，Li Huang, James Lambert，“Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI，頁 12:


scavenger

原是中古英語 scavager，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 scawageour (“與清道夫有關的人，檢查員，收稅員”)，來自古諾曼語 *scawage、escauwage (“清道夫”)、古法語 *scavage、escavage，escauvinghe的變體 (對照中世紀拉丁語 scewinga、sceawinga)，來自古荷蘭語 scauwōn (“檢查，審查，查看”)。如今常被重構/分析為 scavenge (最初是該詞的逆向構詞) + -er。對照古英語 sċēawung (“展示，奇觀，檢驗，檢查”)、荷蘭語 schouwing (“檢查”)。參見show。

紡織廠中負責撿拾掉落棉花的童工

從空氣或溶液中去除雜質的物質


scavenger

scavengers (third-person singular present)
scavengering (present participle)
scavengered (past participle)


Scheimpflug principle

以奧地利陸軍上尉 Theodor Scheimpflug 命名，他用這種原理設計了一種方法和設備，來校正航空照片中的透視變形。

沙姆弗鲁格原理/沙姆定律：當鏡頭平面与圖像平面不平行时 ，描述光學系統（例如相機）焦平面方向的幾何規則


screenplay

同類詞：radioplay


SCSI

Small Computer Systems Interface (“小型计算机系统接口”)之首字母縮略詞。


SDRAM

synchronous dynamic random access memory之首字母縮略詞。


semicolon

The use of the semicolon has remained contentious and subject to fashion.

2021，Claire Cock-Starkey，Hyphens & Hashtags，Bodleian Library，頁 28:


semiotics

徵候學，符號語言學，符號學，記號學


sensitive

more sensitive (comparative)
most sensitive (superlative)


SMB

Super Mario Bros (“超級馬力歐兄弟”)之首字母縮略詞。

Super Meat Boy (“超級肉肉男孩”)之首字母縮略詞。

Server Message Block (“伺服器訊息區塊”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：CIFS


SMB

SME

small and medium-sized business或small- to medium-sized business (“中小型企業”)之首字母縮略詞。


shelves

shelve 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


shielded twisted pair

[電子計算機]屏蔽雙絞線


Shiva

來自梵語 शिव (śivá，“吉利的”)。

Śiva (alternative)
Siva (alternative)
Šiva (alternative)

源自梵語的男性人名，用於印度


shoulder

shoulders (third-person singular present)
shouldering (present participle)
shouldered (past participle)


sidewinder

源自side + winder (“行者”)，源自其移動的方式。

(棒球) 打出側傳的球員

20世紀60-70年代使用的一種拖網漁船


sign off

關閉廣播電台或電視台的攝影棚病停止廣播訊號

Sign off for the small-town radio station was at midnight.

小鎮廣播站停止廣播是在午夜。


sign off

signs off (third-person singular present)
signing off (present participle)
signed off (past participle)

登出；下線；完畢 （停止使用電腦、對講機等，尤其指停止說話）

He finished the conversation and signed off.

結束廣播，停止發送廣播、電視訊號（如放一小段音樂）

Before he signed off the radio station for the night, the disc jockey played the National Anthem.

在他結束當晚電台的廣播之前，唱片騎師播放了國歌。

Once the vice-president signs off on the project, we can start construction.

一旦副總統批准了這個項目，我們就可以開始施工了。

The town council, which closed the funicular last December for health and safety reasons, has yet to sign off the completion of £72,000 worth of remedial works to a retaining wall.

2023年August23日，“Network News: Hold-up for Cliff Railway reopening”, in RAIL，期 990，頁 14:


SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (“简单邮件传输协议”)之首字母縮略詞。

The objective of Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is to transfer mail reliably and efficiently.

简单邮件传输协议（SMTP）的目标是可靠、高效地传输邮件。

1981 November，Jonathan B. Postel，“Simple Mail Transfer Protocol”, in RFC Editor, →ISSN, RFC 788:


skyscraper

正體: 摩天樓式廣告[電子計算機]


smiley

(電子計算機) 情感符號，笑臉


smoke and mirrors

來自魔術師使用的傳統障眼表演技巧。

Budget process? It's more like a magic show. It's wink and blink and smoke and mirrors and pulling rabbits out of hats, but almost all that ever comes up are designs to hide increases for the special interests.

1987 March 21, Ronald Reagan, Presidential Radio Address,

On revenue raising issues, Mr Harris reveals what a master of smoke and mirrors Bob Carr really is.

2007, Australian Senate, Parliamentary debates Australia: Senate,

It’s smoke and mirrors. It’s bogus. And it’s all too familiar. Every time we get close to passing reform, the insurance companies produce these phony studies as a prescription and say, "Take one of these, and call us in a decade."

2009 October 17, Barack Obama, Weekly Address: Taking the Insurance Companies on Down the Stretch,

As for the IRP, Secretary of State Grant Shapps continues to peddle snake oil, smoke and mirrors. His reaction to near-universal IRP condemnation from politicians, local and national media, and all but a few rail specialists was to dismiss the lot of us (in the condescending and patronising tone we have now come to expect) as "critics and naysayers".

2022年January12日，Nigel Harris，“Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL，期 948，頁 3:


solipsism

來自拉丁語 sōlus (“單獨”) + ipse (“自我”) + -ism。

The solipsism that too frequently infects high commands has no place on a battlefield.

2011，Bing West，No True Glory: A Frontline Account of the Battle for Fallujah:

Self-mythology has always been part of The Darkness’ shtick, but here Hawkins and crew forget to back it up with music catchy enough to transcend the solipsism.

2012年August21日，Jason Heller，“The Darkness: Hot Cakes (Music Review)”, in The Onion AV Club:


SSH

Secure Shell (“安全外殼協定”)之首字母縮略詞。


standard electrode potential

標準電極電勢；標準電極電位


storage compacting

一種硬體型態，其可隨機變動地將程式放置在主記憶體中，有利於同時執行多個程式。


striker

撞擊物，衝擊物 槍械作為撞針的裝置

Olympiakos had barely been in the Arsenal half but should have levelled in the 14th minute. A low corner was not dealt with and the ball fell to the feet of striker Rafik Djebbour, who saw his close-range effort brilliantly cleared from the goalline by Arteta.

2011年September28日，Tom Rostance，“Arsenal 2 - 1 Olympiakos”, in BBC Sport:

"Dog-robber" has a definite significance to some army men; but unless one has spent some time in uniform he will probably have to search long for its meaning: an officer's servant or striker.

1921，Franklyn Bliss Snyder, Ronald Salmon Crane，The English of Business，頁 90:

對著投手並防守球門的打擊手

'Twill prove a notable striker, like his father.

c. 1621–6，Philip Massinger，“The Unnatural Combat”, in The Plays of Philip Massinger，出版於 1845, act 4, scene 2，頁 54:


stunting

由於長期營養不良造成的發育遲緩。

Hence happens the frequent stuntings, blighting, and destruction of young trees […]

1759, James Justice, The British Gardener's Calendar


superconductor

源自 super- + conductor，仿譯自荷蘭語 suprageleider（現代拼寫 supergeleider）。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superconductor.wav


supertype

supertypes (third-person singular present)
supertyping (present participle)
supertyped (past participle)


Tamagotchi

:日語 たまご [卵] + ウオッチ (< 英語 watch，時計)。

/ˌtaməˈɡɒtʃɪ/

/ˌtɑməˈɡoʊtʃi/

/ˌtɑməˈɡɑtʃi/

（商標名）拓麻歌子，電子雞


teleport

teleports (third-person singular present)
teleporting (present participle)
teleported (past participle)


teleport

Teleports provide access to multiple satellites and other media as well. Independently owned teleports may also provide competitive access to different satellite systems.

2004，D. K. Sachdev，Business Strategies For Satellite Systems，頁 131:


telnet

作為用戶端進行此類通訊的程式


telnet

telnets (third-person singular present)
telnetting (present participle)
telneting (present participle)
telnetted (past participle)
telneted (past participle)

使用這樣的程式來進行連線


tennis elbow

tennis + elbow，源自該種疾病的典型來源。


TeX

名稱中的字母是希臘字母Τ (tau)、Ε (epsilon)、Χ (chi)，因為TeX是古希臘語 τέχνη (tékhnē)的縮寫，也是technical的詞根。

一种数字排版系统，主要用于数学公式的排版。

TFFI-mode makes it possible for BibTeX to work on plain TeX documents as well.

1986, Jacques Desarmenien, TEX for Scientific Documentation: Second European Conference, Strasbourg, France, June 19-21, 1986. Proceedings, Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 9783540168072, page 41


TIA

transient ischemic attack (“短暫性腦缺血發作”)之首字母縮略詞。


TIA

Telecommunications Industry Association (“電信行業協會”)之首字母縮略詞。

Total Information Awareness (“全面資訊意識”)之首字母縮略詞。

This Is Africa (“這就是非洲”)之首字母縮略詞：英國金融時報有限公司的一份英文雙月刊商業出版物


time-lapse

Operation London Bridge, also from 1975, tells the story of the busy station's redevelopment. Cutting neatly from the barrow boys of Borough Market to an aerial view of Borough Market Junction, the film uses time lapse photography to show the congestion rife in the area during the morning rush hour.

2021年March10日，Greg Morse，“Telling the railway's story on film”, in RAIL，期 926，頁 48:


time-lapse

time-lapses (plural)
time lapse (alternative)
timelapse (alternative)


transnational

more transnational (comparative)
most transnational (superlative)


troll

troll (複數 trolls)本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。


troll

trolls (third-person singular present)
trolling (present participle)
trolled (past participle)

The actress was widely trolled online after accidentally revealing that she didn't know the names of the continents.

We like to troll, we like to go the night before one of their primaries, we just, we do a little trolling, it's called we do a little trolling.

2020年March2日，Donald Trump，President Trump Rally in Charlotte, North Carolina，經由 C-SPAN:

Cristiano Ronaldo's dislike of dessert has been trolled by a former teammate. ¶ Ben Foster proudly showed off his apple crumble, having joked that he was skipping dessert.

2021年September22日，Sam Cooper，“An old teammate of Cristiano Ronaldo's trolled his dislike of dessert by scoffing a giant pudding on his YouTube channel”, in Business Insider，New York, N.Y.: Insider Inc., →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2024-04-07:

Taylor Swift, who could've been crowned the queen of pranks in the early years of her career, is finding out what it feels like to be on the other side of a little onstage trolling.

2024年March11日，Sammi Burke，“See One of Taylor Swift's Dancers Troll Her on Stage During '22'”, in Parade，New York, N.Y.: The Arena Group, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2024-04-07: