hazy

最初源自航海詞彙 hawsey (1625年，詞源不明)。可能源自中古英語 *hasi、*haswy、古英語 haswiġ (“灰暗”)、古英語 hasu (“灰暗”)、原始日耳曼語 *haswaz (“灰”)、原始印歐語 *ḱeh₂s- (“灰白”) 等。By surface analysis, haze + -y，不過現代英語的 haze 更有可能是 hazy 的逆向構詞。

hazier (comparative)
haziest (superlative)

a hazy view of the polluted city street

汙染後的城市看上去灰濛濛的

a hazy argument

a hazy intellect


heir

Felix: "You must be a new student. My name is Felix Huxley, heir to the Applesoft empire.
#*:: Felix：「你一定是個新學生。我的名字是Felix Huxley，Applesoft財團的繼承人。」

2019；Con Man Games、SmashGames；Kindergarten 2；SmashGames；School Yard


hesitate

hesitates (third-person singular present)
hesitating (present participle)
hesitated (past participle)


hierarchy

源自中古英語 ierarchie、jerarchie，源自古法語 ierarchie、jerarchie，源自晚期拉丁語 ierarchia，源自拉丁語 hierarchia，源自古希臘語 ἱεραρχία (hierarkhía，“（大祭司的）统治”)，源自ἱεράρχης (hierárkhēs，“大祭司”)，源自ἱερός (hierós，“神圣的”) + ἄρχω (árkhō，“统治”)。受到古典拉丁语的影响，约1500年时“h”被重新添加。

（有官位层级的）统治集团

The [Washington] Post's proprietor through those turbulent [Watergate] days, Katharine Graham, held a double place in Washington’s hierarchy: at once regal Georgetown hostess and scrappy newshound, ready to hold the establishment to account.

2013年August10日，Lexington，“Keeping the mighty honest”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8848:

等級制度，層級制度，層次結構，階層

Social defeat arises in strict social hierarchies in which the few dominate the many. Overcrowding exacerbates the many ills of social defeat within these social hierarchies based on dominance.

2023年June7日，Charles Hugh Smith，Look Around and What Do You See? Social Defeat:

... the surviving portions provide enough detail to outline its principal features: the hierarchy of beings to whom his liturgy was to be addressed (we previously considered Plethon's hierarchy of gods in our examination of his Summary[…]

2017年June1日，Peter Mark Adams，The Game of Saturn: Decoding the Sola-Busca Tarocchi，Scarlet Imprint, →ISBN，頁 158:


hillside

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Usmaan (Middle river exports)-hillside.wav


hostility

敵意，敵視；敵對狀態，敵對行為


identification

/ɪˌdɛntɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/


identity

源自中古法語 identité ,源自 拉丁語 idem (“相同的”)。對比identical和idem。


ignite

ignites (third-person singular present)
igniting (present participle)
ignited (past participle)


illustration

/ˌɪləˈstɹeɪʃən/


immunology

Obviously, licentiates to practice medicine should receive instruction of a definite and practical nature in this important branch of modern medicine, or immunology should receive a place in the classification of specialties, a fact which the importance of the subject may command.

1915，Benjamin Abraham Thomas，Applied Immunology:


impart

繼承自中古英語 imparten、借自中古法語 impartir、empartir，源自晚期拉丁語 impartiō、impertiō，源自 im- + 拉丁語 partiō (“分割”)。

imparts (third-person singular present)
imparting (present participle)
imparted (past participle)

disclose

（通過話語、寫作等）通知，透露

tell

（通過話語、寫作等）通知，透露

賦予，給予（品質或財產）

The sun imparts warmth.

to impart food to the poor

Expressing well the spirit within thee [Adam] free, / My [God's] image, not imparted to the brute.

1667，John Milton，“Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行 440:

Did not Mazzini impart his spirit to divided Italy, and make her one?

1907，Charles Henry Vine，The Old Faith and the New Theology:

Cary Grant imparts his ineffable charm, Kennedy (with metal hand) provides comic brutality, while Hepburn is elegantly fraught.

2002，John Pym，Time Out Film Guide，頁 202:

（通過話語、寫作等）通知，透露

Well may he then to you his cares impart.

1662，John Dryden，letter to Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon:

The departure was not unduly prolonged. […] Within the door Mrs. Spoker hastily imparted to Mrs. Love a few final sentiments on the subject of Divine Intention in the disposition of buckets; farewells and last commiserations; a deep, guttural instigation to the horse; and the wheels of the waggonette crunched heavily away into obscurity.

1922，Ben Travers，章號 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest:

Sweet Cossen, what we may not now impart, heere let vs bury it, closely in our hart

c. 1587 Anthony Munday, John a Kent and John a Cumber


implicit

implicit (無比較級)
含蓄的，不言明的；内含的;固有的；无疑的，
无保留


incentive

借自中世紀拉丁語 incentīvus (“起調或定調”)，來自incinō (“起調”)，來自in- (“在”) + canō (“唱”)。該詞的形成似乎受到incendō (“放火”)的影響。

I have no incentive to do housework right now.

It is tempting to speculate about the incentives or compulsions that might explain why anyone would take to the skies in [the] basket [of a balloon]: perhaps out of a desire to escape the gravity of this world or to get a preview of the next; […].

2013年June7日，David Simpson，“Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 188, 期 26，頁 36:

Management offered the sales team a $500 incentive for each car sold.


incentive

more incentive (comparative)
most incentive (superlative)

Part incentive reed / Provide, pernicious with one touch of fire.

1667，John Milton，“Book 6”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:


indomitable

源自晚期拉丁語 indomitābilis，源自 in- (“不”) + domitō，domō (“馴服”) 的頻率形。By surface analysis, in- + domitable。

more indomitable (comparative)
most indomitable (superlative)

不屈不撓的，無法被阻撓或擊敗的

Personal courage and an indomitable self-confidence were the chief, indeed the only, qualities which sprang to light in General Feversham.

1902，A. E. W. Mason，章號 1, in The Four Feathers:

But he was a youth of indomitable spirit, strong and agile as a wild cat.

1910，William Henry Hudson，章號 7, in A Shepherd's Life:

Nobody came on to the movie camera—wrapped it in a bear hug and wrestled it to submission—like Betty Hutton. They called this 40s singer-actress "the Blitzkrieg blond" . . . . [S]he was indomitable, unstoppable.

2007年March31日，Richard Corliss，“When Betty Got Frank”, in Time，存檔自the original on 2010-12-03:

And even though the rest of the auto industry, seeing Tesla’s growth, jumped on the electric vehicle bandwagon, Tesla has maintained an indomitable lead.

2022年April28日，Farhad Manjoo，“Is Elon Musk Really That Bad?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


inflammatory

more inflammatory (comparative)
most inflammatory (superlative)


infrared

紅外線，一种波长比可见光长但比微波辐射短的电磁辐射，波长在700 nm 到 1 mm 之间。


infrared

红外线的；产生红外辐射的；具有红外线波长的。


initiate

/ɪˈnɪʃ.ɪ.ət/


initiate

initiates (third-person singular present)
initiating (present participle)
initiated (past participle)

/ɪˈnɪʃ.ɪ.ət/

開始；創始；發動；使入門；正式介紹；引進


initiate

more initiate (comparative)
most initiate (superlative)

/ɪˈnɪʃ.ɪ.ət/


injustice

非正義；不公正，不公平，侵犯(別人的)權利


innocuous

more innocuous (comparative)
most innocuous (superlative)

無害的; 無毒的；不关痛痒的


innovation

借自中古法語 innovation，來自古法語 innovacion，來自晚期拉丁語 innovatio, innovationem，來自拉丁語 innovo, innovatus。
詞法分析為innovate + -ion。

/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/

The US supreme court has ruled unanimously that natural human genes cannot be patented, a decision that scientists and civil rights campaigners said removed a major barrier to patient care and medical innovation.

2013年June21日，Karen McVeigh，“US rules human genes can't be patented”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 2，頁 10:

Innovation is more than a new method. It is a new view of the universe, as one of risk rather than of chance or of certainty. It is a new view of man's role in the universe; he creates order by taking risks. And this means that innovation, rather than being an assertion of human power, is an acceptance of human responsibility.

1954，Peter Drucker，The Landmarks of Tomorrow:


innovative

more innovative (comparative)
most innovative (superlative)

/ˈɪn.əˌveɪɾɪv/

innovatory

革新的，創新的；富有革新精神的

革新的，創新的；富有革新精神的


insoluble

more insoluble (comparative)
most insoluble (superlative)


interaction

/ˌɪntəɹˈækʃən/


intermediate

源自中世紀拉丁語 intermediatus，intermediare 的過去分詞，源自 inter + 晚期拉丁語 mediare (“調解”)；以及拉丁語 intermedius。

more intermediate (comparative)
most intermediate (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-intermediate (adj, noun).wav


intermediate

intermediates (third-person singular present)
intermediating (present participle)
intermediated (past participle)


intrinsic

發於內在的，啟發於內心的。


intuition

/ˌɪntjʊˈɪʃən/


investment

投资，投资额；覆盖;包围；授职(仪式)


invoke

invokes (third-person singular present)
invoking (present participle)
invoked (past participle)


iodine

碘(化學元素，原子序為53，化學符號為I)


irrigation

/ˌɪɹəˈɡeɪʃən/


jejunum

源自拉丁語 iēiūnum，iēiūnus的中性形。


knight

knights (third-person singular present)
knighting (present participle)
knighted (past participle)


landscape

landscapes (third-person singular present)
landscaping (present participle)
landscaped (past participle)


larva

larvas (plural)
larvae (plural)
larvæ (plural)


liberate

:< 拉丁語 liberatus——liberare （“释放”）的过去分词 < liber （“自由的”）。 另见 liberal。

liberates (third-person singular present)
liberating (present participle)
liberated (past participle)


liberation

:< 法語 libération < 拉丁語 liberatio < liberare，过去分词：liberatus。 另见 liberate、liberal。


library

:< 中古英語 librarie < 盎格魯-諾曼語 librarie < 古法語 librairie < 拉丁語 librārium (“书架”) < 拉丁語 librarius < 拉丁語 liber （“树皮；书”），可能源自原始印欧语词根 * (leub(h))（“脱，剥”）。 取代了中古英語固有词 bochus, bochous（“书馆”， < 古英語 bōchūs（“书馆”））。

（书、激光唱片等的）个人收藏

系列丛书（或磁带等）；文库

公用程式；程式館；資料館；程式庫


lobe

16世紀前葉從中古法語 lobe借入，源自新拉丁語 lobus，源自古希臘語 λοβός (lobós，“耳垂；肝葉；豆莢”)。

圓形突出的部分 [自19世纪]

He then broke the kola nut and threw one of the lobes on the ground for the ancestors.

1958, Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, London: William Heinemann, Chapter 19,

葉（尤指肝葉，腦葉，肺葉等）[自16世纪]

The yawning gap in neuroscientists’ understanding of their topic is in the intermediate scale of the brain’s anatomy. Science has a passable knowledge of how individual nerve cells, known as neurons, work. It also knows which visible lobes and ganglia of the brain do what. But how the neurons are organised in these lobes and ganglia remains obscure.

2013年August3日，“The machine of a new soul”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8847:

當滑冰者穿過冰面時，在冰面上留下的半圓形圖案 [自20世纪]


lodge

(农作物杆、茎部在外力作用下)伏倒


longevity

借自拉丁語 longaevitās，來自longaevus (“古舊的，老年的”) + -itās。

longævity (alternative)
longevities (plural)

[lɑŋˈd͡ʒɛv.ə.ɾi]

Grandpa had incredible longevity: he lived to be 105 years old!

爺爺很長壽：他活到105歲！

This 142-year-old tiny ex-LNWR SB [signal box, at Batley] is an amazing survivor, probably owing its longevity to its location alongside a level crossing. Indeed it started life as a gate box with the delightful name of Lady Ann's Crossing.

2020年July1日，David Allen，“Signalling from Leeds along the S&C”, in Rail，頁 74:

A ‘postdating’ is an example of the use of a lexical item at a later date than currently recorded and these are important in establishing the longevity of use of a term and whether or not it has become obsolete.

2018，James Lambert，“Anglo-Indian slang in dictionaries on historical principles”, in World Englishes，卷 37，頁 255:


lucid

lucider (comparative)
more lucid (comparative)
lucidest (superlative)
most lucid (superlative)

神志清醒的；清楚的;易懂的


macula

繼承自中古英語 macula，來自拉丁語 macula。macchia 的同源對似詞。


magnetic

more magnetic (comparative)
most magnetic (superlative)


magnificent

more magnificent (comparative)
most magnificent (superlative)

（体型等）优美的；极其美丽的；健壮的


malnutrition

It is predictable that some of these infections occur in individuals immunocompromised by malnutrition or underlying disease (notably cancer or AIDS) or by immunosuppressive therapy.

可以预见的是，其中一些感染发生在因营养不良或潜在疾病（特别是癌症或艾滋病）或免疫抑制疗法而出现免疫功能低下的个体中。

2013，Robert H. Rubin, Lowell S. Young，Clinical Approach to Infection in the Compromised Host, →ISBN，頁 275:


managerial

more managerial (comparative)
most managerial (superlative)

/ˌmænəˈdʒɪəɹi.əl/

經理的；管理人的；管理上的，經營上的


martyr

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-martyr.wav

烈士；(因疾病等)長期受痛苦的人


martyr

martyrs (third-person singular present)
martyring (present participle)
martyred (past participle)


massive

more massive (comparative)
most massive (superlative)

Young Jupiter was smacked head-on by massive newborn planet […] "The only scenario that resulted in a core-density profile similar to what Juno measures today is a head-on impact with a planetary embryo about 10 times more massive than Earth," Liu said.

小木星被一顆大質量新生行星正面撞擊 […] 劉教授說：「唯一能解釋朱諾號目前測量到的核心密度分佈的情況是，木星曾與一顆質量約為地球 10 倍大的行星胚胎發生了正面碰撞。」

2019年August15日，“Young Jupiter was smacked head-on by massive newborn planet”, in Rice University News，存檔自the original on 2020-10-01:


mature

/məˈtʃʊ(ə)ɹ/


maze

[電子計算機]迷陣；迷路


medication

來自中古法語 médication，來自拉丁語 medicatio，來自medicari (“治療，治愈”)，來自medicus (“醫生”)，來自mederi (“治療”)。

Have you been taking your medication(s)?

Are you going to be be like this all day? It’s like I’ve not took^([sic，意為taken]) my medication.

2019年March19日，The Great Stand Up to Cancer Bake Off，季数 2, 集数 3, Michael Pennington (actor), 經由 Channel 4:

Such behavior, if it doesn't abate, will necessitate medication and supervision.

上述行為如果沒有减轻，将需要進行药物治疗和监督。


memorandum

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 memorandum，memorandus (“要記住的”) 的中性。


merge

merges (third-person singular present)
merging (present participle)
merged (past participle)

使(企业等)合并；使结合；吞没；并吞


merit

merits (third-person singular present)
meriting (present participle)
merited (past participle)


meteorology

源自法語 météorologie < 古希臘語 μετέωρος (metéōros，“高空”) + -λογία (-logía)。By surface analysis, meteor (“大氣現象”) + -ology (“研究；學問”) 首次記錄於1610年.

/ˌmiːtɪəˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/

某個特定區域或時期的氣象


morbid

more morbid (comparative)
most morbid (superlative)

病的；致病的；病態的；可怕的

You may read more about such things, if morbid curiosity has you ever overtaken.


mushroom

mushrooms (third-person singular present)
mushrooming (present participle)
mushroomed (past participle)


narration

/ˌnəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/

[ˌnəˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩]

/ˌnɛɚˈɹeɪ.ʃən/

[ˌnɛɚˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩]


nasal

繼承自中古英語，派生自中世紀拉丁語 nāsālis，源自nāsus (“鼻子”) + -ālis (形容詞後綴)。nasalis 的同源對似詞。

more nasal (comparative)
most nasal (superlative)

Reindeer are well suited to the taiga’s frigid winters. They can maintain a thermogradient between body core and the environment of up to 100 degrees, in part because of insulation provided by their fur, and in part because of counter-current vascular heat exchange systems in their legs and nasal passages.

馴鹿非常適合針葉林寒冷的冬天。 它們可以在身體核心和環境之間保持高達100度的溫度梯度，部分原因是它們的皮毛提供的隔絕性，部分原因是它們的腿和鼻通道中的逆流血管熱交換系統。

2013 March，Nancy Langston，“Mining the Boreal North”, in American Scientist，卷 101, 期 2，頁 98:

nasal vowel

nasal utterance

"Are you sure you're OK?" she said with a nasal Australian accent.

「你確定你沒事？」她用帶著鼻音的澳大利亞口音說。

2016，A.K. Brown，Jumpstart (Champagne Universe Series: Book 1)，頁 2:


nasal

透過鼻子起作用的藥；引嚏藥

頭盔突出保護鼻子的部分；護鼻器

The nasal continued in use until about 1140, when it was generally discarded, but isolated examples may be found in every succeeding century down to the seventeenth.

1909，Charles Henry Ashdown，European Arms & Armor，頁 78:

Rorge had donned a black halfhelm with a broad iron nasal that made it hard to see that he did not have a nose.

1999，George R.R. Martin，A Clash of Kings，Bantam Books, 出版於 2011，頁 463:


navigation

/nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/


nipper

nippers (third-person singular present)
nippering (present participle)
nippered (past participle)


nocturnal

more nocturnal (comparative)
most nocturnal (superlative)


nodule

/ˈnɑːd͡ʒuːl/


nomination

/ˌnɑmɪˈneɪʃən/

/ˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/


notion

借自拉丁語 nōtiō (“認知，領悟，觀察，調查，想法，觀念”)，源自nōscō (“知道”)。对比法語 notion。见know。

there are few that agree in their Notions about them:.

1705-1715', George Cheyne, The Philosophical Principles of Religion Natural and Revealed

The inflammatory message has twisted notions of respect and citizenship.

A perverse will easily collects together a system of notions to justify itself in its obliquity.

December 2, 1832, John Henry Newman, Wilfulness, the Sin of Saul

“Anthea hasn't a notion in her head but to vamp a lot of silly mugwumps. She's set her heart on that tennis bloke[…]whom the papers are making such a fuss about.”

1935，George Goodchild，章號 1, in Death on the Centre Court:

Who wrought with them, and all things else that might / To half a soul and to a notion crazed / Say, 'Thus did Banquo.'

c. 1606 (date written)，William Shakespeare，“The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]，頁 140:

Yankee notions

縫紉服飾時使用的小物件，如衣扣，拉鏈，頂針等

I have a notion to do it.


notorious

more notorious (comparative)
most notorious (superlative)

/nəʊˈtɔːɹɪəs/

惡名昭彰的, 臭名昭著的, 声名狼藉的


notorious

/nəʊˈtɔːɹɪəs/


nyctalopia

nyctalopias (plural)
nyctalopiae (plural)


observation

/ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃən/


officinal

药房现成有售的；依据药典配制的；药用的


oppression

壓迫，壓制；壓制物;沉悶；壓抑


optimistic

more optimistic (comparative)
most optimistic (superlative)


paralyse

paralyses (third-person singular present)
paralysing (present participle)
paralysed (past participle)

使麻痺，使癱瘓；使氣餒；使驚呆

The transport strike paralysed the city.

交通罷工使這座城市陷入癱瘓。


parasite

/ˈpæɹəˌsaɪt/

/ˈpæɹəˌsaɪt/

/ˈpɛɹəˌsaɪt/

寄生虫，寄生菌，攀附植物


participate

來自分詞詞幹拉丁語 participare (“參與”)，源自particeps (“參與”)，源自pars (“部分”) + capiō (“拿取”)；參見 part 和 capable。

participates (third-person singular present)
participating (present participle)
participated (past participle)


participation

源自中古英語 participacioun，源自中古法語 [具體何詞?]，源自古法語 participacion，源自晚期拉丁語 participatiō。By surface analysis, participate + -ion。

/pɑɹˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/

/pɑːˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/


pave

paves (third-person singular present)
paving (present participle)
paved (past participle)

The road to hell is not always paved with well-meaning intentions only; some of its paving stones can be spite, venality, cowardice, impudence and what not.


pavement

繼承自中古英語 pament，來自拉丁語 pavīmentum。By surface analysis, pave + -ment。

(主要用於英國) 人行道


peel

源自中古英語 pelen，源自古英語 pilian、古法語 peler、pellier，源自拉丁語 pilō, pilāre (“剝皮，去除……的毛髮”)，源自pilus (“頭髮，毛髮”)。pill 的同源對似詞。

peels (third-person singular present)
peeling (present participle)
peeled (past participle)

I sat by my sister's bed, peeling oranges for her.

我坐在姊/妹的床上，給她削橙子吃。

I peeled (the skin from) a banana and ate it hungrily.

我剝開香蕉皮，狼吞虎嚥地吃起香蕉來。

We peeled the old wallpaper off in strips where it was hanging loose.

我們把鬆垮的舊墻紙扯下來。

I had been out in the sun too long, and my nose was starting to peel.

我站在陽光下太長時間，鼻子開始脫皮了。

The children peeled by the side of the lake and jumped in.

孩子們在湖邊脫下衣服，跳進湖裡。


peel

一種去除死皮的化妝工具。

一種鏟形工具，用來從烤箱中取出麵包或披薩。


peel

源自中古英語 peel、pele，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 pel（對比現代法語 pieu），源自拉丁語 pālus (“樁”)。pole和pale 的同源對似詞。


peel

源自古法語 pele（現代法語 pelle），源自拉丁語 pāla，基於plangere (“固定”)。pala 的同源對似詞。

一種鏟形工具，用來從烤箱中取出麵包或披薩。

一種T形工具，印刷工人和裝訂工人用其來懸掛晾乾濕紙頁。


peel

擊球使該球和對方的球同時離開得分區


peel

擊球使該球和對方的球同時離開得分區


peel

來自Walter H. Peel（19世紀有名的槌球玩家）的外號。


peel

源自古法語 piller (“搶掠”)。

But govern ill the nations under yoke, / Peeling their provinces.

1671，John Milton，“The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes，倫敦: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC，頁 4:

O conſider my caſe, moſt blisfull Queen, […] Diſpell thoſe Clouds which hover 'twixt my King and his higheſt Counſell, […] that my great Law-making Court be forced to turn no more to polemicall Committees, […] but that they may come again to the old Parliamentary Rode, To the path of their Predeceſſours, to conſult of means how to ſweep away thoſe Cobwebs that hang in the Courts of Juſtice, and to make the Laws run in their right Channell; to retrench exceſſive fees, and finde remedies for the future, that the poor Client be not ſo peeled by his Lawyer, and made to ſuffer by ſuch monſtrous delays, that one may go from one Tropick to the other, and croſſe the Equinoctiall twenty times, before his ſute be done; […]

1645，James Howell，“England’s Tears, for the Present Wars, which for the Nature of the Quarrel, the Quality of the Strength, the Diversity of Battels, Skirmishes, Encounters, and Sieges, (Happened in so Short a Compasse of Time) Cannot be Parallel’d in Any Precedent Age”, in ΔΕΝΔΡΟΛΟΓΊΑ [DENDROLOGIA]: Dodona’s Grove, or The Vocall Forrest. The Third Edition More Exact and Perfect than the Former; with the Addition of Two Other Tracts: viz. Englands Tears for the Present Wars. And The Pre-eminence of Parlements，第3rd版, Cambridge: Printed by R. D. for Humphrey Moseley, and are to be sold at his shop at the Prince's Arms in S. Pauls Church-yard, →OCLC，頁 189:


peel

peal (“小隻或年輕的鮭魚”)的另一種寫法


peel

peal的拼寫錯誤：聲音響亮。

Oh ! still for me let merry bells peel out their holy chime;

1825 June 25, "My Village Bells", in The Circulator of Useful Knowledge, Literature, Amusement, and General Information number XXVI, available in, 1825, The Circulator of Useful Amusement, Literature, Science, and General Information, page 401,

The lights flashed, the crowds sang,... bells peeled, bombs thundered,... and the new Century made its triumphant entry.

1901 January 1, "Twentieth Century's Triumphant Entry", The New York Times, page 1,

As the tiny Virgin... approaches one of the barrio churches, bells peel vigorously, a brass band launches into a fast-paced tune, and large rockets zoom... .

2006, Miles Richardson, Being-In-Christ and Putting Death in Its Place, Louisiana State University Press, ISBN 0807132047, pages 230–231,


penny

pennies (plural)
pence (plural)
pens (plural)


penny

pennies (third-person singular present)
pennying (present participle)
pennied (past participle)


perceive

perceives (third-person singular present)
perceiving (present participle)
perceived (past participle)

Go from the presence of a foolish man, when thou perceivest not in him the lips of knowledge.

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 14:7:


peripheral

more peripheral (comparative)
most peripheral (superlative)


persecution

/ˌpɜːsəˈkjuːʃən/


pessimistic

more pessimistic (comparative)
most pessimistic (superlative)


pharmacy

來自中古英語 pharmacy，源自中古法語 pharmacie，來自古法語 farmacie，來自中世紀拉丁語 pharmacia，來自古希臘語 φαρμακεία (pharmakeía，“藥物使用”)，來自φάρμακον (phármakon，“痲痹，護符, 魅力”)，不確定但原型似乎是前希臘時期的底層語言。
自十四世紀晚期被證實。


phosphorus

磷(化學元素，原子序為15，化學符號為P)


plexus

(血管，淋巴管，神经等的)丛


pond

ponds (third-person singular present)
ponding (present participle)
ponded (past participle)


portal

Last, but very much not least, are the portals of the Ffestiniog Railway's Moelwyn Tunnel. The tunnel's story itself is well told - it was part of the preservationists' deviation required to get around a reservoir that had flooded the earlier route. But the reason for its inclusion here is that it is probably the most recently constructed, properly architected tunnel portal in Britain.

2020年August26日，Tim Dunn，“Great railway bores of our time!”, in Rail，頁s 48–49:

在国际互联网络中充当其他网站入口的门户网站


portal

the portal vein


portal

portals (third-person singular present)
portaling (present participle)
portalling (present participle)
portaled (past participle)
portalled (past participle)


portion

portions (third-person singular present)
portioning (present participle)
portioned (past participle)


potassium

由英國的化學家漢弗里·戴維在1807年造出，來自potassa + -ium。

potassium aluminum sulfate, potassium aluminium sulphate

potassium magnesium chloride hexahydrate


potent

more potent (comparative)
most potent (superlative)

[ˈpʰoʊ̯ʔn̩t]

有力的；有效力的；有势力的；烈性的


practitioner

/pɹækˈtɪʃənə/

/pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/


precipitation

/pɹɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən/


precursor

/ˈpɹiːˌkɜɹ.səɹ/

/pɹɨˈkɜɹ.səɹ/


prejudice

來自中古英語 prejudice，來自古法語 prejudice，來自拉丁語 praeiūdicium (“前例，前判；傷害，損害”)，來自prae- (“之前”) + iūdicium (“審判”)。

præjudice (alternative)
p͛judice (alternative)
prejudices (plural)

/ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/

Though often misled by prejudice and passion, he was emphatically an honest man.

1849–1861，Thomas Babington Macaulay，章號 7, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second，卷 (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

I am free of all prejudices. I hate everyone equally.

我不帶任何歧視。我平等地恨每一個人。

[…] the first did in the forepart sit, / That nought mote hinder his quicke preiudize: / He had a sharpe foresight, and working wit […]

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book II, Canto IX”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

We both of us happen’d to know, as well as the Stationer, that Riddlesden the Attorney, was a very Knave. He had half ruin’d Miss Read’s Father by drawing him in to be bound for him. By his Letter it appear’d, there was a secret Scheme on foot to the Prejudice of Hamilton, (Suppos’d to be then coming over with us,) and that Keith was concern’d in it with Riddlesden. [...]

1793，Benjamin Franklin，The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, §20:

for no injury is thereby done to any one, no prejudice to another man's goods

1702, W. Popple (translator), John Locke, A Letter concerning Toleration […]


prejudice

præjudice (alternative)
p͛judice (alternative)
prejudices (third-person singular present)
prejudicing (present participle)
prejudiced (past participle)

/ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/

對（某人的地位、機會等）產生負面影響

引起偏見；使人的思想產生偏差


prejudice

præjudice (alternative)
p͛judice (alternative)

/ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/


premise

premises (third-person singular present)
premising (present participle)
premised (past participle)


preside

presides (third-person singular present)
presiding (present participle)
presided (past participle)


presidency

presidence (alternative)
presidencies (plural)

舉凡稱為「president」的職務（職位、任期）

過去英屬印度以馬德拉斯、孟買、孟加拉三大省劃分的統轄區

(美式) 指直屬總統組織


pretend

pretends (third-person singular present)
pretending (present participle)
pretended (past participle)


priest

天主教的教士、神父、牧師


priority

/pɹaɪˈɒɹɨti/

/pɹaɪˈɔɹɪ̈ti/


prism

派生自拉丁語 prisma。


proclamation

/ˌpɹɑkləˈmeɪʃən/

/ˌpɹɒkləˈmeɪʃən/

宣布,公布,声明,公告;宣告


prognosis

/pɹɒɡˈnəʊsɪs/


progressive

源自中古法語 progressif，源自拉丁語 prōgressīvus，源自 prōgredior (完成分詞詞幹：prōgress-) + -īvus。替代古英語 forþgenġe。

prog. (alternative)
more progressive (comparative)
most progressive (superlative)

/pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪv/

/pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪv/

进步的；前进的；渐进酡：进行性的


progressive

prog. (alternative)
progressives (plural)

/pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪv/

/pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪv/


projection

/pɹəˈdʒɛkʃən/


proportion

/pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/

/pɹəˈpɔːʃən/

/pɹəˈpoəʃən/


prospect

來自拉丁語 prospectus, prospicere (“展望”)，來自pro (“之前”) + specere、spicere (“看”).


prospect

prospects (third-person singular present)
prospecting (present participle)
prospected (past participle)


prostate

源自中古法語 prostate，源自中世紀拉丁語 prostata，源自古希臘語 προστάτης (prostátēs，“站在前面的人，守衛”)。

prostate gland

前列腺，攝護腺 （自1646年）

前列腺，攝護腺 （自1646年）


prostate

more prostate (comparative)
most prostate (superlative)


prototype

prototypes (third-person singular present)
prototyping (present participle)
prototyped (past participle)


proverb

proverbs (third-person singular present)
proverbing (present participle)
proverbed (past participle)


purification

/ˌpjʊəɹɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/


quarantine

《圣经》中描述的耶稣禁食40天时所在的沙漠。


quarantine

:< 意大利語 quarantina （“四十”） < quarantina giorni （“四十天”）（四十天是当时威尼斯人为了消除鼠疫而将来港船只隔离的时间）< quaranta （“四十”） < 拉丁語 quadraginta （“四十”）。

（为防传染的）隔离期，检疫


quarantine

quarantines (third-person singular present)
quarantining (present participle)
quarantined (past participle)

（对动物或人）进行检疫，隔离


quartz

借自德語 Quarz，源自中古高地德語 quarz、twarc，源自某種西斯拉夫語支的語言（比較波蘭語 twardy (“硬的”)、捷克語 tvrdý (“硬的”)），源自原始斯拉夫語 *tvьrdъ。

The telescope and collimator have each an object-glass consisting of a single lens of quartz 1½ inch diameter and a focal length of 18½ inches for the sodium yellow light, but not more than 16 inches for the highest rays measured.

望遠鏡和準直器各有一個物鏡，由直徑1.5英寸的石英單透鏡組成，鈉黃光的焦距為18.5英寸，但測量的最高光線的焦距不超過16英寸。

1883，George Downing Liveing, James Dewar，“On the Ultra-Violet Spectra of the Elements”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society，卷 174, Barrison and Sons, part I，頁 188:

Subsequently, the old Malay brought him the present specimen in a state of torpidity, telling him he had found it in a cavity of the quartz reef.

1892年April7日，Armiger Barczinsky，“The Golden Snail”, in The Gentleman's Magazine，卷 272，頁 331:

My meat eats me. Who waits at the gate? / Mother of quartz, your words writhe into my ear. / Renew the light, lewd whisper.

1948，Theodore Roethke，“The Shape of the Fire”, in The Lost Son and Other Poems:


rabies

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 rabiēs (“狂暴，瘋狂”)。rage 的同源對似詞。


shellac

含蟲膠原料的78轉老式唱片


radioactive

於1898年由皮埃尔·居里和玛丽·居里借自法語 radio-actif所創的新詞，等同於radio- + active。

radio-active (alternative)
more radioactive (comparative)
most radioactive (superlative)

radioactive waste

Uranium is a radioactive material.

As a matter of fact many of our best drinking waters have all sorts of unspecified qualities. Burton water, for example, is radioactive by Beetham's standards up to the ninth degree.

1917，H. G. Wells，“The First Vision”, in The Soul of a Bishop:

對人或思想有危險且令人厭惡的

Even sleazy tactics and his radioactive mouth may not be able to contain this debacle.

And while Biden’s other nominees have done little to provoke Republican backlash thus far, [Neera] Tanden is “radioactive,” as Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas) put it.

2020年November30日，Burgess Everett, Caitlin Emma, Theodoric Meyer，引 John Cornyn, “Joe Biden's 'radioactive' nominee”, in POLITICO:

If, by some miracle, Democrats hang on to one or both houses of Congress this November, it will be because of Cawthorn, Paul Gosar, Marjorie Taylor Greene, Lauren Boebert and other would-be G.O.P. candidates trying to be just like them — the Radioactive Republicans.

2022年April4日，Gail Collins, Bret Stephens，“Which ‘Radioactive Republicans’ Are We Betting On?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


radioactive

radio-active (alternative)
radioactives (plural)

Any ship nearby will receive a lethal dose of gamma rays, neutrons, and other radioactives.

2016，Travis S. Taylor, Les Johnson，On to the Asteroid:


recite

recites (third-person singular present)
reciting (present participle)
recited (past participle)


recommendation

/ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/

/ˌɹɛkəmənˈdeɪʃən/


rectum

源自新拉丁語 rectum，拉丁語 rectum intestinum (字面意思是“直的腸子”)的截斷、rectum、rectus (“直”)的中性形。參見right。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-rectum.wav


regression

/ɹiːˈɡɹɛʃən/


relieve

relieves (third-person singular present)
relieving (present participle)
relieved (past participle)


religious

more religious (comparative)
most religious (superlative)

/ɹɪˈlɪd͡ʒ.əs/


render

撕开、劈开、裂开、散开、揭开


resect

借自拉丁語 resectus，resecare (“切斷”) 的過去分詞，源自 re- + secare (“切割”)。

resects (third-person singular present)
resecting (present participle)
resected (past participle)

通過手術切除（器官或結構的一部分）

The tumor was resected after chemotherapy.


reservoir

水库，贮水池，蓄水池；人造的或天然的蓄水場所，例如湖泊或池塘，可由此取水供灌溉、都市給水或防洪之用。


retail

[ˈɹ̠ʷiˌtʰeɪ̯ɫ]


retail

[ˈɹ̠ʷiˌtʰeɪ̯ɫ]


retail

[ˈɹ̠ʷiˌtʰeɪ̯ɫ]


retail

[ˈɹ̠ʷiˌtʰeɪ̯ɫ]


rib

ribs (third-person singular present)
ribbing (present participle)
ribbed (past participle)

rib (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 ribs，現在分詞 ribbing，一般過去時及過去分詞 ribbed)


royal

more royal (comparative)
most royal (superlative)


sclerosis

From 古希臘語 σκλήρωσις (sklḗrōsis，“an induration”), from *σκληροῦν (sklēroûn，“硬化”), from σκληρός (sklērós，“hard”)

Suppressing dissent dooms the society to sclerosis, decline and collapse.

2019年December6日，Charles Hugh Smith，Suppressing Dissent Guarantees Disorder and Collapse:


screwdriver

螺絲起子，一種由伏特加和橙汁製成的飲料


sediment

sediments (third-person singular present)
sedimenting (present participle)
sedimented (past participle)


senile

1660年代借自法語 sénile，來自中古法語 senile，來自古法語 senile，來自拉丁語 senīlis (“屬於或與老年有關的”)，來自senex (“老人”)，源自原始印歐語 *sénos (“老的”)。

more senile (comparative)
most senile (superlative)

Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release systems— […]. Such a slow-release device containing angiogenic factors could be placed on the pia mater covering the cerebral cortex and tested in persons with senile dementia in long term studies.

2013 May-June，Charles T. Ambrose，“Alzheimer’s Disease”, in American Scientist，卷 101, 期 3，頁 200:

Her mother was senile, but they called it dementia now.

2019，Colson Whitehead，The Nickel Boys，Fleet，頁 183:


senile

Seniles differ markedly in their early adult intelligence level, and in their social, vocational, and educational histories.

1979，Oscar J. Kaplan，Psychopathology of Aging，頁 54:


sin

sins (third-person singular present)
sinning (present participle)
sinned (past participle)


sincere

more sincere (comparative)
sincerer (comparative)
most sincere (superlative)
sincerest (superlative)


sketch

sketches (third-person singular present)
sketching (present participle)
sketched (past participle)

sketch (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 sketches，現在分詞 sketching，一般過去時及過去分詞 sketched)
素描；速写；草图；梗概，大意


skull

skulls (third-person singular present)
skulling (present participle)
skulled (past participle)


snag

树桩或被砍断的树枝底部；较短的树枝，尖或粗糙的树枝；（绳子等打的）结；任何突起的东西。

突出的牙齿；（蔑）断牙或蛀牙。

鹿或类似动物的角的分叉。


snag

snags (third-person singular present)
snagging (present participle)
snagged (past participle)

纺织品被粗糙的表面或突出的东西拉坏或勾坏。

用大勾或一串勾捕鱼，旨在勾到鱼的身体（而非嘴）。

（俚）（把东西）拿起来。


sociologist

/səʊsɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/

The great sociologist Zygmunt Bauman argued that philo-Semitism and anti-Semitism both fall under “allosemitism”: literally Othering the Jew. He defined it not as resentment of what is different, which is xenophobia, but rather of what defies order and clear categories. In 1997, he wrote, “The Jew is ambivalence incarnate. And ambivalence is ambivalence mostly because it cannot be contemplated without ambivalent feeling: it is simultaneously attractive and repelling.”

2020年January28日，Mairov Zonszein，“Christian Zionist philo-Semitism is driving Trump’s Israel policy”, in The Washington Post:


soybean

Athletes' use of herbal supplements has skyrocketed in the past two decades. At the top of the list of popular herbs are echinacea and ginseng, whereas garlic, St. John's wort, soybean, ephedra and others are also surging in popularity or have been historically prevalent.

2013年March7日，David S. Senchina，“Athletics and Herbal Supplements”, in American Scientist，卷 101, 期 2，存檔自the original on 2013-05-16，頁 134:


specimen

來自拉丁語 specimen (“標記，標誌，範例”)，來自speciō (“觀察，注視”)。

樣本 樣鈔，供印刷廠測試或查驗印刷品質的紙幣

early specimens of the art of Picasso

To assure a defendant's acquittal, a lawyer usually needed only to convince the jury that the victim was a pretty sorry specimen of a human being.

2006，Bill Neal，Getting Away with Murder on the Texas Frontier:

樣本 樣票，給郵政局長和郵政管理部門的郵票，以便檢查是否為偽造郵票

early specimens of the art of Picasso

通常前面會加“fine”


spherical

more spherical (comparative)
most spherical (superlative)


sphincter

借自晚期拉丁語 sphinctēr (“肛門肌肉”)，源自古希臘語 σφῐγκτήρ (sphĭnktḗr，“環，帶；收縮的肌肉”)，最終源自前希臘時期的底層語言。可能與 sphinx 有關。

the sphincter of the bladder

the iris sphincter in the eye

She decided that she would force him to climax first by the sheer strength of her young animal control, the strength of her sphincters […]

1982，Lawrence Durrell，Constance (The Avignon Quintet)，Faber & Faber，頁 836:


spiral

spirals (third-person singular present)
spiraling
spiralling
spiraled
spiralled


spite

spites (third-person singular present)
spiting (present participle)
spited (past participle)


spoon

spoons (third-person singular present)
spooning (present participle)
spooned (past participle)


spotted

more spotted (comparative)
most spotted (superlative)


spotted

spot 的過去式和過去分詞


stagnant

more stagnant (comparative)
most stagnant (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-stagnant.wav

停滯的；不流動的；不景氣的


stammer

繼承自中古英語 stameren，繼承自古英語 stamerian，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *stamrōn，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *stamrōną (“口吃，結巴”)。對照德語 stammeln、荷蘭語 stameren、古諾爾斯語 stammr。stumble 的同源對似詞。

stammers (third-person singular present)
stammering (present participle)
stammered (past participle)

結結巴巴地說，磕磕絆絆地說

He blushed, and stammered a few words of apology.

他红了脸，结结巴巴地说了几句道歉的话。

The high school had a send-off in my honour. It was an uncommon thing for a young man of Rajkot to go to England. I had written out a few words of thanks. But I could scarcely stammer them out. I remember how my head reeled and how my whole frame shook as I stood up to read them.
高中为我举行了欢送会。拉杰果德的年轻人去英国可不是什么稀奇事。我写了几句感谢的话，却几乎说不出来。我记得当我站起来读这些话的时候，我感到头晕目眩，整个身子都在颤抖。

1927-29, M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, translated 1940 by Mahadev Desai, Part I, Chapter xi:


stammer

She said goodbye in a stammer.


static

靜的，靜態的；靜電的；固定的


stitch

stitches (third-person singular present)
stitching (present participle)
stitched (past participle)


strategic

自古希臘語 στρατός (stratós，“陸軍”) + ἄγω (ágō，“我領導；我組織”) 至 στρατηγός (stratēgós，“長官，將軍”) 至 στρατηγικός (stratēgikós，“將軍的；與將軍有關的」或「與策略有關的”) 而來。

more strategic (comparative)
most strategic (superlative)

（武器、戰爭或地方）戰略性的

a strategic nuclear weapon

a strategic bomber aircraft


strategy

借自古希臘語 στρατηγία (stratēgía)。

Oftentimes, the very simple strategies pay very great dividends.


submerge

submerges (third-person singular present)
submerging (present participle)
submerged (past participle)


subsidiary

more subsidiary (comparative)
most subsidiary (superlative)

輔助的；補助的；次要的；附屬的


superfluous

:< 拉丁語 superfluus （“滥出边沿的；多余的”） < superfluō （“泛滥，滥出”） < super （“在…之上”） + fluō （“流”）。 对比同根的 mellifluous、fluid。 此词在字面意思上对应於日耳曼语源的 overflow。


supine

:< 中古英語 supin < 拉丁語 supinum、supinus。 语法中的“目的动名词”之意源自短语 supinum verbum。

more supine (comparative)
most supine (superlative)

得过且过的，苟安的，软弱的


supine

（拉丁语中的）目的动名词


sustain

sustains (third-person singular present)
sustaining (present participle)
sustained (past participle)


suture

sutures (third-person singular present)
suturing (present participle)
sutured (past participle)


swing

swings (third-person singular present)
swinging (present participle)
swung (past participle)


thorn

thorns (third-person singular present)
thorning (present participle)
thorned (past participle)


trigger

指引發不良反應或發展的起因、誘因。

(網路用詞)因為被特定事情而引發怒氣者，有嘲諷他人脾氣不好的意味。


trigger

triggers (third-person singular present)
triggering (present participle)
triggered (past participle)


trumpet

trumpets (third-person singular present)
trumpeting (present participle)
trumpeted (past participle)


tuberculosis

結核，肺結核（自1839年）

With smallpox gone, tuberculosis is today the deadliest infectious disease on the planet.

随着天花的消失，肺结核成为当今地球上最致命的传染病。

2019，Bill Bryson，The Body: A Guide for Occupants，Black Swan (2020)，頁 380:


tumor

繼承自中古英語 tumour，源自古法語 tumour，源自拉丁語 tumor (“腫脹”)，源自 tumeō (“腫脹，膨脹”，動詞)，源自原始意大利語 *tumēō，源自原始印歐語 *tewh₂- (“腫脹”)。與英語 thumb 有關。

tumor 是美國標準拼寫、加拿大替用拼寫之一；tumour 則是其他地方的標準拼寫。

a benign tumor

a malignant tumor

brain tumor

identify tumor

pancreatic tumor

remove a tumor

take a tumor

stomach tumor


turbulence

借自拉丁語 turbulentia，或源自 turbulent + -ence。

這個國家目前正經歷政治動盪。

The country is currently experiencing political turbulence.

（空氣或水的）湍流, 紊流

飛機在飛行過程中經歷了嚴重的氣流湍流。

The airplane experienced severe turbulence during the flight.

足球比賽在球迷中間演變成了暴力和騷亂。

The football match ended in violence and turbulence among the fans.


ubiquitous

:< 拉丁語 ubique （“到处”） < ubi （“哪里”）。

无所不在的，十分普遍的，处处可见的


ultrasonic

more ultrasonic (comparative)
most ultrasonic (superlative)

聲波或振動，其頻率超過人類耳朵可以聽到的最高閾值20k赫茲（千赫）；超聲的

The wheel shop also has equipment for ultrasonic testing of axles for flaws; and systematic checking of locomotive axles and crank pins is carried out as they pass through the shops.

车轮车间还配备了对车轴进行缺陷超声波检测的设备；机车车轴和曲柄销在通过车间时还要进行系统检查。

1961 March，C. P. Boocock，“The organisation of Eastleigh Locomotive Works”, in Trains Illustrated，頁s 159–160:


unicellular

Among unicellulars, the rate of increase is beyond belief.

1931，Ezra Bowen，An hypothesis of population growth:

In unicellulars the uncoupling of the various nutritional and energy sources is much more widely spread.

1986, Johan A J Metz, O Diekmann, The dynamics of physiologically structured populations

More or less distinct specialisation of reproductive elements in some unicellulars.

一些單細胞生物的生殖器官或多或少有明顯的特化。


Vaseline

vaseline的大小寫替代形式


vegetarian

/vɛd͡ʒɪˈtɛɹi.ən/

/vɛd͡ʒɪˈtɛəɹi.ən/

/ˌvɛd͡ʒɪˈtɛəɹɪən/


verify

verifies (third-person singular present)
verifying (present participle)
verified (past participle)


versus

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-versus.wav

v

用於法庭案件的標題，表示原告控訴被告

v.

用於法庭案件的標題，表示原告控訴被告

It is the Packers versus the Steelers in the Super Bowl.

這場是綠灣包裝工對陣匹茲堡鋼人的超級盃比賽。

In polling by the Pew Research Center in November 2008, fully half the respondents thought the two parties would cooperate more in the coming year, versus only 36 percent who thought the climate would grow more adversarial.

在皮尤研究中心於2008年11月進行的民意調查中，有一半的受訪者認為兩黨在接下來的一年會更多合作，而只有36%的人認為氛圍會變得更對立。

2012年November7日，Matt Bai，“Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times [紐約時報]:

If, for example, we select random people entering a workout gym, versus if we pick random people entering a hospital, we will get very different samples.

例如，如果我們選擇進入健身房的隨機人群，與選擇進入醫院的隨機人群相比，我們將得到非常不同的樣本。

2005，Robert E. Weiss，Modeling Longitudinal Data，Springer, →ISBN，頁 104:

用於法庭案件的標題，表示原告控訴被告

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kans.


vinegar

vinegars (third-person singular present)
vinegaring (present participle)
vinegared (past participle)


virgin

:< 古法語 virgine < 拉丁語 virginem（主格 virgo）。


virgin

未开发的；原始状态的；天然的；未改变的；未触动的


vulnerable

more vulnerable (comparative)
most vulnerable (superlative)


whip

whips (third-person singular present)
whipping (present participle)
whipped (past participle)


wholesome

來自早期的holesome，來自中古英語 holsom、holsum、helsum、halsum，來自古英語 *hālsum、*hǣlsum，來自原始西日耳曼語 *hailasam，來自原始日耳曼語 *hailasamaz，等同whole + -some。與薩特弗里斯蘭語 heelsoam、荷蘭語 heilzaam、德國低地德語 heelsaam、德語 heilsam、冰島語 heilsamur、新挪威語 helsesam、瑞典語 hälsosam (“健康的”)等同源。

more wholesome (comparative)
wholesomer (comparative)
most wholesome (superlative)
wholesomest (superlative)

Though hard, my friends, yet wholesome are the truths, taught in affliction's school, whence the pure soul rises refined, and soars above the world.

1750，“Theodora”, Thomas Morell 作詞, George Frideric Handel 作曲:

A wholeſome tongue is a tree of life: but peruerſneſſe therein is a breach in the ſpirit.

溫良的舌，是生命樹；乖謬的嘴，使人心碎。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 15:4，列 1:

The more solicitous of the two was Nurse Cramer, a shapely, pretty, sexless girl with a wholesome unattractive face.

1961年November10日，Joseph Heller，“The Soldier in White”, in Catch-22 […]，New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC，頁 171:

There's something tragic, but almost pure
 Think I could love you, but I'm not sure
 There's something wholesome, there's something sweet
 Tucked in your eyes that I'd love to meet

2017年April13日，Mitchy Collins, Samantha Derosa, Christian Medice，“Broken”, in Finding It Hard to Smile，演出者 Lovelytheband:

Around the same time, “wholesome” memes of cute doggos and puppers rejuvenated social media feeds that seemed daily filled with fresh horrors.

2019，Gretchen McCulloch，Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language，Riverhead Books, →ISBN:

The comment section on a recent post making fun of a “cute” and “wholesome” Doomer Girl meme is mixed.

2020年February3日，Kaitlyn Tiffany，“The Misogynistic Joke That Became a Goth-Meme Fairy Tale”, in The Atlantic:


zoology

/zəʊˈɒlədʒi/


yardstick

码尺(指直尺)；标准；尺度


yeast

引起騷動（或激動）的因素


yurt

(游牧区用兽皮或毛毡盖的)圆顶帐篷


worship

worships (third-person singular present)
worshipping
worshiping
worshipped
worshiped
worshipt


age

年龄；龄期，人類、動物或植物已經存活或預期能夠存活的時間。


haj

"The defendant has also piloted planes taking haj pilgrims from Indonesia to Saudi Arabia and Saudi Arabia to Indonesia.

被告還曾駕駛飛機將朝聖者從印尼送往沙烏地阿拉伯，以及從沙烏地阿拉伯送往印度尼西亞

2009年January15日，“Five Australians jailed for entering Papua province”, in Herald Sun，源於 AAP:


artichoke

來自倫巴底語 articioc，來自奧克語 artichaut，來自中世紀西班牙語 alcarchofa，來自安達盧斯阿拉伯語 الْخَرْشُوف (al-ḵaršūf)，來自阿拉伯語 الْخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf)，衍生自خُرْشُوف (ḵuršūf)。

/ˈɑɹ.tɪˌtʃəʊk/

/ˈɑː.tɪˌtʃəʊk/

洋薊，朝鮮薊，洋百合，法國百合（Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus）

暗淡的綠色，像洋薊外表的顏色

artichoke：


avid

來自法語 avide，來自拉丁語 avidus (“渴望的，想要的；貪婪的”)，來自aveō (“想，渴望，請求”)。

more avid (comparative)
avider (comparative)
most (superlative)
avidest (superlative)

（對某事物表現岀） 感興趣的；熱衷的，忠實的；熱切的

I'm an avid reader.

an avid fan of 1960s sci-fi movies

1960年代科幻片的狂熱影迷。

A blanket disdain for indigenous foods doesn't explain the delay, because Spain was avid to adopt a different New World root.

1999，Larry Zuckerman，The Potato: How the Humble Spud Rescued the Western World:

We waited for something to happen, for anything to happen, we were avid for some event to unfold itself out of the burning nothing to save us.

1996，Janette Turner Hospital，Oyster，Virago Press，頁 3:


hydrargyrum

/haɪˈdɹɑːd͡ʒɪɹəm/


cacao

借自西班牙語 cacao，來自古典納瓦特爾語 cacahuatl。cocoa 的同源對似詞。

/kəˈkeɪ̯əʊ̯/

[kəˈkʰɑːəʊ̯]

[kəˈkʰeɪ̯əʊ̯]

/kəˈkeɪ̯oʊ̯/

[kəˈkʰeɪ̯oʊ̯]


BBQ

BBQs (third-person singular present)
BBQing (present participle)
BBQed (past participle)


sorra

'Sorra a friend I have - sorra a friend, Masther Richard; and I did not spake to the priest this year or more, and I darn't go near him,' said the poor Palmerstown lass that was once so merry.

1863，Sheridan Le Fanu，The House by the Churchyard:

Sorra a bite she ates but she drinks the mixture with it.
她一口也沒有吃，但她把混合物和它一起喝了。

1879, Chambers's Journal (volume 56, issue 2, page 589)


ter

"Jesus Christ! Was my folks refined. My mam she wouldn't think-a lettin' us young'uns call a pee pot a pee pot. A chamber's what she called it... And by God! Us young'uns had ter call the pee pot a chamber or git our God damn necks wrang."

1946, Elizabeth Metzger Howard, Before the Sun Goes Down, p. 31:

‘Do you mean ter tell me,’ he growled at the Dursleys, ‘that this boy – this boy! – knows nothin’ abou’ – about ANYTHING?’

1997, J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, iv:


ter

‘What about that tea then, eh?’ he said, rubbing his hands together. ‘I’d not say no ter summat stronger if yeh’ve got it, mind.’


influenza

借自意大利語 influenza (“影響”)，源自拉丁語 influentia。influence 的同源對似詞。

In early 1919 the Board also issued a film, Dr Wise on Influenza, in which a character called 'Brown' spreads the disease by enacting poor behaviours.
This did address transport - by boarding a crowded omnibus, "Brown may be scattering germs throughout the carriage and giving influenza to a number of people".

1919年初，委员会还发行了一部电影《怀斯医生谈流感》，片中一个名叫“布朗”的角色通过做出不良行为传播疾病。
这部电影确实涉及交通问题——登上一辆拥挤的公共汽车后，“布朗可能会在整个车厢内传播细菌，并将流感传染给许多人”。

2020年April8日，Dr David Turner，“How railway staff were conduits and victims of a pandemic [铁路工作人员如何成为疫情的传播者和受害者]”, in Rail，頁 32:


viagra

Viagra的另一種寫法


bornite

*斑铜矿
* 正體: 斑銅礦[電機工程]


pyrazine

（有机化学）吡嗪（两个氮原子在对位的二嗪）。化学式为C4H4N2。


pyridazine

哒嗪（两个氮原子在邻位的二嗪）。


relaxer

Music is a good relaxer.

音樂是一種很好的放鬆方式。

一種能鬆開鬈曲毛髮以幫助拉直的乳霜或乳液

Are you a doer or a relaxer? If you said “some of both,” then you're right on track.

您是行動派還是放鬆派？如果您回答「兩者皆有」，那麼您說得對。

2014，Rusty Gregory, Alan Chasen，Living Wheat-Free For Dummies，頁 172:


kor

來自希伯來語 כֹּר。

cor的另一種寫法：希伯來和腓尼基的體積單位

Solomon responded by committing 20,000 kors of pure oil and 20,000 kors of wheat in annual payments. A kor of oil is an ancient Hebrew unit of liquid of about 58 gallons. A kor of wheat is equal to 6.25 bushels.

2002，Don Victor Bovey，In Touch With Eternity，頁 161:


kappa

古典借詞，源自古希臘語 κάππα (káppa)，源自原始閃米特語 *kapp- (“手掌，手”)。kaph 的同源對似詞。

衡量期權合約價格對標的資產波動性變化的敏感度的指標


kappa

借自日語 河童 (kappa)。

It was not quite possible for a kappa to go pale, but this one managed, shrinking partly into its shell.

2013，Laura VanArendonk Baugh，Kitsune-Mochi: Kitsune Tales #2，頁 94:


mode

來自古法語 mode m，來自拉丁語 modus (“方法，方式；節奏，旋律”)。modus 的同源對似詞。

調式，現代西方音樂中常見的幾種音階之一 古希臘音階之一

方式，辦法 一個系統的狀態，由該系統的一個本徵函數所代表 與信號或振動相關的狀態

What was the mode of entry?

An effectual and inexpensive mode of Protecting Wall-Trees from Spring-Frosts.

保护墙树免受春季霜冻的一种有效且廉价的方法。

1855，Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society，卷 9，頁 205:

common-mode

differential-mode

normal mode of vibration

方式，辦法 一個系統的狀態，由該系統的一個本徵函數所代表 電磁場的波型

What was the mode of entry?

保护墙树免受春季霜冻的一种有效且廉价的方法。

longitudinal mode

transverse mode

What was the mode of entry?

保护墙树免受春季霜冻的一种有效且廉价的方法。

In insert mode, characters typed are directly inserted into the buffer.

在插入模式粗体文本下，键入的字符直接插入到缓冲区中。

方式，辦法 裝置上用於特定目的的一系列設定

What was the mode of entry?

保护墙树免受春季霜冻的一种有效且廉价的方法。

airplane mode; night mode

The car was then placed into its Level 2 driving mode, much like you would for the current adaptive cruise control systems.

然后，汽车进入二级驾驶模式，类似于当前的自适应巡航控制系统。

2024年May4日，Mat Gallagher，“I tried Mercedes’ new autonomous driving in busy city streets – it's mind-blowing”, in T3:

方式，辦法 玩法變化，例如難度

What was the mode of entry?

保护墙树免受春季霜冻的一种有效且廉价的方法。

Campaign mode (the career mode that includes the notorious Gran Turismo driving school) is off limits while offline. Also unavailable offline: buying new cars, viewing your garage, editing car liveries, and even the "taking photos of fancy cars in exotic scenery" mode.

战役模式（包含臭名昭著的“GT赛车”驾驶学校的生涯模式）在离线状态下无法使用。此外，离线状态下也无法使用以下模式：购买新车、查看车库、编辑车辆涂装，甚至包括“在异国风光中拍摄豪车”模式。

2017年October17日，Jonathan M. Gitlin，“Gran Turismo Sport is extremely limited in offline mode”, in Ars Technica:

I've stumbled over gaming's simplest hurdles, been humiliated by the lowliest of enemies and will often go for an easy mode if one's available, and yet I've run through Bloodborne twice without ever really breaking much of a sweat.

我曾在游戏中最简单的障碍跌倒过，被最卑微的敌人羞辱，并且如果可以选择简单模式，我基本上就会选，然而我已经两次通关《血源诅咒》，却从未真正出过什么大汗。

2018年March6日，Martin Robinson，“Dispelling the myths of Bloodborne”, in Eurogamer:

Selfie modes, meanwhile, let you add filters and change characters’ facial expressions，來自Link in The Legend of Zelda: Wind Waker to Arthur Morgan in Red Dead Redemption 2.

同时，自拍模式可让您添加滤镜并更改角色的面部表情，从《塞尔达传说：风之杖》中的林克到《荒野大镖客2》中的亚瑟·摩根。

2019年February25日，Jordan Erica Webber，“Point and shoot: what's next for photography in video games?”, in The Guardian:

What was the mode of entry?

保护墙树免受春季霜冻的一种有效且廉价的方法。

方式，辦法 形式，僅實質性質存在的東西

What was the mode of entry?

保护墙树免受春季霜冻的一种有效且廉价的方法。

After a series of early setbacks, her political campaign is in crisis mode.

在经历了早期的一系列挫折之后，她的政治竞选陷入了危机。

After being stabbed, he went into survival mode until he got to the hospital.

被刺伤后，他一直拼命求生，直到被送往医院。

在花邊製作中，插入圖案中的裝飾小片 圖案實體部分之間的鏤空

在花邊製作中，插入圖案中的裝飾小片 有兜帽的女式斗篷


mode

來自法語 mode f (“時尚，潮流”)。

Her wardrobe is always in mode.


att

源自老撾語 ອັດ (’at)。

阿特（老挝的辅助货币单位，相当于百分之一老挝基普）。


desk

desks (third-person singular present)
desking (present participle)
desked (past participle)


incomprehensible

more incomprehensible (comparative)
most incomprehensible (superlative)


poste restante

存局候領；存局待領；留局候領


ta

口，主要用于英式英语和澳洲英语


tahan

借自馬來語 tahan。

"Many local artists cannot tahan me," he says, using the Malay word for "tolerate". "If you live next to Picasso, can you tahan or not?"

“許多當地的藝術家受不了我，”他說道，用馬來語詞彙來表達“忍受”。“你要是住在畢加索隔壁，你能忍得了不？”

2017，Wong Kim Hoh, It Changed My Life: What Tan Swie Hian wants - a free mind，The Sunday Times:

The 3.2km meandering naturalised river at Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park used to be a 2.7 km long straight concrete Kallang channel in the past, which would not otherwise have been able to tahan as much rainwater as it now does.
碧山-宏茂橋公園裡頭這條長3.2km、蜿蜒前行的天然河流，過去曾是長2.7km而筆直的加冷水道，根本不能像現在一樣容納那麼多雨水。

2017, Zhangxin Zheng, Here’s why you shouldn’t be alarmed by pictures of “flooding” in Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, Mothership.sg

If you’re buying a new car, especially a better one than your previous, it’s gonna be able to tahan your need for speed. Step on the pedal only la, why so kancheong?
如果你要買新車，尤其是比以前那輛更好的，那它要滿足你對速度的要求。踩踏板就是啦，那麼緊張幹嘛呢？

2017, 8 Things Malaysians Immediately Do When They Get a New Car... Which One Have You Done?, CILISOS (Current Issues Tambah Pedas)


surname

部分转借法语 surnom ← 古法语 surnum, surnoun（“别名；绰号”）（中古英语 sournoun之源） ← 晚期拉丁语 supernōmen, suprānōmen ← super-（“超过，在……之上”） + nōmen（“名字”）。

（表示修饰的）附加名称（尤指从出生地、品质、成就等得来的）

人、地、事等的别称，绰号

（古典研究）古罗马人名中的第三名（cognomen）

（苏格兰方言，）氏族；宗族


am

be 的第一人稱單數簡單現在直陳式。是。


hassa

hassar (“一種魚”)的另一種寫法


operator

/ˈɒpəˌɹeɪtə/

/ˈɑpəˌɹeɪɾɚ/

操作员，操控器，运作器，操纵装置。

(抽象代数,电子通訊,计算机) 运算元，运算符号。

(遗传学,基因组学) 运作子，操控子，操纵子。

(电子通訊) 电话接線员，通话员，話務員。


abatis

借自法語 abatis，源自abattis (“大量被打掉、砍掉的東西”)，源自abattre。參見abate。

abattis (alternative)
abatis (plural)
abatises (plural)


abductor

誘拐者，綁架者，劫持者 （19世紀中葉）


abductor

外展肌 （17世紀早期）

the abductor oculi draws the eye outward.


aberration

源自拉丁語 aberrātiō，首見於1594年，源自aberrō，源自ab (“遠離”) + errō (“漫遊、徘徊”)。對兆法語 aberration。等價於aberrate + -ion。

/ˌæb.əˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/


abiogenesis

/ˌeɪbaɪəʊˈdʒɛnəsɪs/


abiotic factor

[環境][動物學]非生物因素；非生物因子。物理、化學的與其他無生命的環境因子。對於生態系中的活體動植物是必要的，它提供了動植物生長所必需的必要元素與養分。無生命元素包括生態系中氣候與土壤的要素。


ablation

繼承自晚期中古英語 ablacioun (“移除”)，借自晚期拉丁語 ablātiō (“帶走”)，源自auferō (“帶走，撤回，除去”) + -tiō (名詞後綴)；等價於ablate + -ion。ablatio 的同源對似詞。對照法語 ablation。


abolition

/ˌæb.əˈlɪʃ.n̩/


abrasion

/əˈbɹeɪ.ʒn̩/


abrasive

more abrasive (comparative)
most abrasive (superlative)

有研磨作用的；有磨蝕作用的

傷人感情的，性情或態度粗暴的

An abrasive person can grate on one's sensibilities.

Despite her proper upbringing, we found her manners to be terribly abrasive.


accelerometer

加速度計，用於測量加速度的儀器

用於檢測和測量振動的儀器

Working with NR, ScotRail and Porterbrook, Perpetuum has fitted sensors with gyroscopes and accelerometers to trains that are already in passenger service.

Perpetuum 與 NR、ScotRail 和 Porterbrook 合作，為已經投入客運服務的火車安裝了帶有陀螺儀和加速計的傳感器。

2022年March23日，“Network News: Hitachi on-train track monitoring trial expands to Scottish routes”, in RAIL，期 953，頁 13:


acclivity

首次記錄於1614年。借自拉丁語 acclīvitās，源自acclīvis (“上升”)，源自ad + clīvus (“坡”)。

Just below it leaned a tottering crag that would have toppled, starting an avalanche on an acclivity where no sliding mass could stop.

就在它下方，有一個搖搖欲墜的峭壁，它可能會倒塌，在上升坡引發雪崩，那裡沒有滑動的物體可以停止。


accordion

accordions (third-person singular present)
accordioning (present participle)
accordioned (past participle)


ACF

Advanced Component Framework (“高级组件框架”)之首字母縮略詞。


achromatize

achromatizes (third-person singular present)
achromatizing (present participle)
achromatized (past participle)


achromatise

achromatises (third-person singular present)
achromatising (present participle)
achromatised (past participle)

achromatize在非牛津英式的标准拼写


activate

activates (third-person singular present)
activating (present participle)
activated (past participle)

activate the economy

The pranksters activated the fire alarm by spraying deodorant next to it.

恶作剧者通过在旁边喷洒除臭剂来触发火警警报。

加速化學反應，例如用加熱等方式

組織、建立軍事單位或駐地

A new squadron was activated.


activator

活化剂；活化子；激活；活化體


adsorbent

more adsorbent (comparative)
most adsorbent (superlative)


aerolith

And what about the great aerolith at Paphos which they are supposed to have worshipped under the name of Bahomet?

1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber 1992, p. 243:


affiliation

/əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən/


albedo

借自拉丁語 albēdō。


alkali soil

[環境]碱土，鹼性土壤。含有足量可交換的鈉離子，能干擾水分滲透和農作物生長的土壤，也可能含有一定濃度的可溶性鹽類。


americium

/ˌæməˈɹɪsiəm/


amplitude spectrum

振幅谱
* [简体]:振幅频谱[通信]
* [正體]:振幅頻譜[通訊]
* 正體: （振）幅譜[電機工程]
* 正體: 振幅頻譜[通訊工程]


anabatic wind

谷风
* 简体: 上坡风[大气]
* 正體: 上坡風[氣象]


anchor ice

底冰
* 简体: 锚冰[大气]
* 正體: 底冰[氣象]


angle of incidence

機翼和水平穩定器跟機身之間的夾角


angle of reflection

反射角
* 正體: 反射角[通訊工程]


angle of refraction

折射角
* 正體: 折射角[電機工程]
* 正體: 折射角[通訊工程]


anisotropy

Velvet exhibits anisotropy when rotated about its geometric normal.

围绕其几何法线旋转时，天鹅绒表现出各向异性。


annual ring

年轮
* 简体: 年轮[大气]
* 正體: 年輪[氣象]


Antarctica

派生自新拉丁語 Antarctica，派生自古希臘語 ἀνταρκτικός (antarktikós)，源自 ἀντ- (ant-，“反，相反”) + ἀρκτικός (arktikós，“北極”)，源自古希臘語 ἄρκτος (árktos，“熊”)。

/ˌænˈɑːtɪkə/

[æˈɾ̃ɑɹɾɪkə]

雖然南極洲是一個獨立的大陸，但它有時也會被歸類為大洋洲的一部分。


antheridium

精子囊，種籽植物以外，帶有精子之雄性器官。


anticlinorium

复背斜
* 简体: 复背斜[测绘学]
* 正體: 複背斜[測量學]


anticoincidence

反符合
* 正體: 異[電子計算機]


ferromagnetism

铁磁性
* [简体]:铁磁性[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:鐵磁性[電子電機工程]
* 正體: 強磁性；鐵磁性[電機工程]
* 正體: 鐵磁性[通訊工程]
* 正體: 強磁性，鐵磁性[電子計算機]


apatite

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-apatite.wav


aperiodicity

非周期性
* 正體: 無周期性[電機工程]


apical system

顶系
* 简体: 顶系[动物学]
* 正體: 頂系[動物學]


aqua regia

借自拉丁語 aqua regia (字面意思是“皇家的水”)，因這種液體能溶解許多難以腐蝕的貴金屬。

/ˈɑː.kwə ˈɹeɪ.ɡi.ə/

/ˌækwə ˈɹiːdʒi.ə/

ăʹkwə-rēʹjē-ə

Consider another example. 'If gold is placed in aqua regia then it dissolves.' Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids that dissolves gold or platinum. Observation of gold dissolving in aqua regia (argument 1 1) lends credence to the above conditional statement.
Not placing the gold into aqua regia and gold not dissolving (argument 0 0) does not disprove the truth-value of this conditional.

2005, D.J. Krus, Elements of Propositional Calculus


aqueous solution

水溶液
* 正體: 水溶液[電機工程]


archetype

archetypes (third-person singular present)
archetyping (present participle)
archetyped (past participle)


arctic front

北极锋
* 简体: 北极锋[大气]
* 正體: 北極鋒[氣象]


argon

源自古希臘語 ἀργόν (argón)，ἀργός (argós，“怠惰的，懶散的”)，因該氣體的惰性而得名。


aridity index

干燥指数
* 简体: 干燥指数[大气]
* 正體: 乾燥指數[氣象]


index

indexes (plural)
indices (plural)
index's (plural)


index

indexes (third-person singular present)
indexing (present participle)
indexed (past participle)


artificial

artificial
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：人为
* 正體中文：人為


artificial

artificial
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：虚伪
* 正體中文：虛偽


ascospore

子囊孢子，在芽胞囊中所産生之減數分裂胞子。


asexual reproduction

无性生殖
* 简体: 无性生殖[动物学]
* 正體: 無性生殖[動物學]


ash fall

降落灰
* 简体: 灰尘沉降[大气]
* 正體: 灰沈降[氣象]


astable

不稳定的
* 正體: 不穩定[電子計算機]


astatine

來自古希臘語 ἄστατος (ástatos，“不穩定”) + -ine。

Astatine, for instance, is practically unstudied. It has a name and a place on the periodic table (next to Marie Curie's polonium), but almost nothing else.

2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, BCA, p. 221:


atmospheric pressure

Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.

2013年June7日，David Simpson，“Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 188, 期 26，頁 36:


atmospheric window

大气窗口
* 正體: 大氣窗口［低損耗波段］，大氣［低損耗］波段[通訊工程]
* 简体: 大气窗[大气]
* 正體: 大氣窗[氣象]
* 简体: 大气窗[测绘学]
* 正體: 大氣窗[測量學]


atomic unit

原子单位
* 正體: 基元單元[電子計算機]


atomic volume

原子体积
* 正體: 原子容量[電機工程]


autocorrelation function

自相关函数
* [简体]:自相关函数[通信]
* [正體]:自相關函數[通訊]
* 正體: 自相關函數[通訊工程]
* 简体: 自相关函数[大气]
* 正體: 自相關函數[氣象]


autoradiography

自动射线照相术
* [简体]:放射自显影[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:放射自顯影[電子電機工程]


available water

可利用的水
* 简体: 有效水分[大气]
* 正體: 可用水［分］[氣象]


average life

平均寿命
* 正體: 平均壽命[電子計算機]


lifespan

（产品等的）预期使用期限；预期存在期限


axial ratio

轴率
* [简体]:轴(向)比[通信]
* [正體]:(橢圓之)長短軸比[通訊]
* 正體: 軸比[電機工程]
* 正體: ［橢圓之］長短軸比，極化橢圓之長短軸比[通訊工程]


axillary bud

腋芽,在葉腋間所形成的芽。


azimuthal projection

方位投影
* 简体: 方位投影[测绘学]
* 正體: 方位投影，正方位投影[測量學]


azimuthal quantum number

方位角量子数
* 正體: 角量子數[電機工程]


azurite

/ˈæʒ.əˌɹaɪt/

/ˈæʒ.(j)ʊəɹˌaɪt/

/ˈæʒ(j)ʊˌɹaɪt/


barometric altimeter

气压测高计
* 简体: 气压测高仪[测绘学]
* 正體: 氣壓測高計[測量學]


basin

basins (third-person singular present)
basining (present participle)
basined (past participle)


bathymetry

水深测量
* 简体: 测［水］深法[大气]
* 正體: 測深術[氣象]


bench mark

水准点
* 正體: 定標點[電機工程]


bending moment

弯矩
* 正體: 彎曲（力）矩[電機工程]
* 正體: 彎曲﹝力﹞矩[電機工程]


berm

借自荷蘭語 berm (“路邊草地，路肩”)，可能經由法語 berme，來自中古荷蘭語 barm、baerm、barem (“路肩，岸邊”)，來自古荷蘭語 *barm，來自原始西日耳曼語 *barm，來自原始日耳曼語 *barmaz (“邊緣，邊界，縫隙”)。與英語 brim相關。


berm

berms (third-person singular present)
berming (present participle)
bermed (past participle)


beryl

繼承自中古英語 beryl，來自古法語 beril，來自拉丁語 bērillus、bēryllus，來自古希臘語 βήρυλλος (bḗrullos，“綠柱石”)，來自普拉克里特語 [具體何詞?]，來自梵語 वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya)。

The sunset had been magnificent, and the Thames was floating in dark radiance; the waves wearing that transparent clearness, which gives more the idea of melted beryl, than aught else: every little circle in the water had that trembling light which characterises precious stones.

1837，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，“The Fête”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […]，卷 III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC，頁 57:

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are diamond, ruby and sapphire, emerald and other gem forms of the mineral beryl, chrysoberyl, tanzanite, tsavorite, topaz and jade.

2012年March7日，Lee A. Groat，“Gemstones”, in American Scientist，卷 100, 期 2，頁 128:

The crown was set with six beryls of excellent size and color.

The appearance of the wheels and their work was like unto the colour of a beryl …

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ezekiel 1:16:

beryl：


biogeochemistry

生物地球化学
* 简体: 生物地球化学[大气]
* 正體: 生［物］地［球］化學[氣象]


biosphere

借自德語 Biosphäre，由奧地利的地質學家愛德華·修斯在1875年造出。By surface analysis, bio + sphere。

/ˈbaɪəʊˌsfɪə(ɹ)/

地球上生物及其环境的总和


bitumen

借自拉丁語 bitūmen。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-bitumen.wav


blind zone

盲区
* 简体: 盲区[航海科技]
* 正體: 盲區[海事]


block structure

块状结构
* [简体]:分程序结构，(程序)块结构[通信]
* [正體]:區塊結構，分組結構[通訊]
* 正體: 區塊結構，分組結構[通訊工程]
* 正體: 塊結構[電子計算機]


bond length

键长，指分子中键合在一起的一对原子之间的距离。


bonding electron

价电子
* 正體: 束縛電子；鍵連電子[電機工程]


bottom current

海底强流
* 简体: 底层流[航海科技]
* 正體: 底層流[海事]


boundary conditions

边界条件
* 正體: 邊界條件[通訊工程]


boundary layer

边界层
* [简体]:边界层[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:邊界層[電子電機工程]
* 正體: 邊界層[電機工程]
* 简体: 边界层[大气]
* 正體: 邊界層[氣象]
* 简体: 边界层[信息科技]
* 正體: 邊界層[計算機]
* 正體: 邊界層[電子計算機]


boundary line

界线
* 正體: 邊界線[電子計算機]


branch line

支线
* 正體: 支線路[電機工程]
* 简体: 支线[测绘学]
* 正體: 支線[測量學]
* 正體: 分支線路[電子計算機]


branching

分枝
* 正體: 分支[自由軟體]
* 简体: 分支[自由软体]
* 正體: 分支[電子計算機]


breaking strength

抗断强度
* 正體: 破裂強度[電機工程]
* 正體: 斷裂強度[通訊工程]


bridge circuit

桥路
* [简体]:桥式电路，桥接线路[通信]
* [正體]:橋(接電)路，電橋電路，橋接電路[通訊]
* 正體: （電）橋（電）路[電機工程]
* 正體: 橋［接電］路，電橋電路[通訊工程]
* 正體: 橋接電路[電子計算機]


ultimate

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ultimate.wav


brookite

板钛矿
* 正體: 板鈦礦[電機工程]


buffering

缓冲酌
* 简体: 缓冲作用[大气]
* 正體: 緩衝作用[氣象]
* 简体: 缓冲[信息科技]
* 正體: 緩衝[計算機]
* 正體: 緩衝[電子計算機]


bypassing

旁通
* 简体: 旁路[信息科技]
* 正體: 旁路[計算機]
* 正體: 旁路[電子計算機]


cable reel

缆轴
* 正體: 電纜捲軸[電機工程]


cadastral map

地籍图
* 简体: 地籍图[测绘学]
* 正體: 地籍圖[測量學]


caldera

借自西班牙語 caldera (“釜”)，來自晚期拉丁語 caldāria (“熱水澡”)，來自拉丁語 caldārium。chowder 的同源對似詞。

/kælˈdɛə.ɹə/

The lakes of both Rotorua and Taupo occupy calderas left from enormous prehistoric eruptions, and magma lies at shallow depths beneath a number of centres.

2000，Tony Waltham，“Geyser watching”, in Geology Today，卷 16, Iss. 3, p. 99::


calibration curve

校准曲线
* 正體: 校準曲線[電機工程]


Canada balsam

加拿大屎
* 正體: 加拿大樹膠[電機工程]


cap

源自中古英語 cappe，源自 古英語 cæppe，源自晚期拉丁語 cappa。cape、chape和cope 的同源對似詞。

The children were all wearing caps to protect them from the sun.

孩子们都戴着帽子，防止太阳晒伤。

表示等级、职业等的特殊帽子。

四方帽。大學生或研究生畢業所佩戴的帽子。

He took the cap off the bottle and splashed himself with some cologne.

他打开瓶盖，往身上喷了些古龙水。

He had golden caps on his teeth.

There was snow on the cap of the mountain.

We should put a cap on the salaries, to keep them under control.

我们应给工资设限，使其得到控制。

The G7 countries have agreed to impose a price cap on Russian oil in an attempt to stem the flow of funds into the Kremlin’s war coffers. […] The level of the cap is still being discussed.

2022年September2日，Alex Lawson，“G7 countries agree plan to impose price cap on Russian oil”, in The Guardian:

装在纸条或塑料杯中的少量冲击性炸药，用于玩具枪。

Billy spent all morning firing caps with his friends, re-enacting storming the beach at Normandy.

比利一早上都在和朋友玩儿玩具枪，好像要重现诺曼底海滩上的激战一样。

用于引爆较大炸药的小型爆炸装置。

He wired the cap to the bundle of dynamite, then detonated it remotely.

他将引爆装置连接到炸药包上，然后远程引爆。

Did he think they were going to put a cap in his ass right in the middle of Metreon?

no cap

that's cap

入選國家隊；在國際賽場上亮相。

Rio Ferdinand won his 50th cap for England in a game against Sweden.

里奥·费迪南在对阵瑞典的比赛中第50次代表英格兰队出场。

Overall, though, England’s injury-diminished side coped well on the night when Ruben Loftus-Cheek, Jordan Pickford and Tammy Abraham all won their first caps.

2017年November10日，Daniel Taylor，“Youthful England earn draw with Germany but Lingard rues late miss”, in The Guardian (London):

He that will give a cap and make a leg, in thanks for a favour he never received, deserveth rather to be blamed for want of wit, than to be praised for store of manners.

1655，Thomas Fuller，The Church History of Britain, from the Birth of Jesus Christ until the Year MDCXLVIII，卷 1, London: Thomas Tegg and Son, 出版於 1837，頁 9:

鸟类从喙基部到颈背的整个头顶。

the cap of column, door, etc.; a capital, coping, cornice, lintel, or plate

覆盖在物体顶部或末端，用于保护或装饰的东西。

用于连接桅杆（如桅杆和顶桅、船首斜桅和帆樯）的铁制或木制项圈；也指绳索末端的焦油帆布套。

球面或其他凸面的一部分。

flat cap; foolscap; legal cap


cap

有两个把手的木制饮酒碗。


capillarity

毛细管现象
* 简体: 毛［细］管作用[大气]
* 正體: 毛細現象[氣象]
* 正體: 毛細現象[電子計算機]


cross section

截面、横切面
* 简体: 截面[信息科技]
* 正體: 截面，對照參考[計算機]
* 正體: 截面；對照參考[電子計算機]


carbon dioxide

carbon dioxid (alternative)
carbondioxid (alternative)

/ˌkɑːbən dʌɪˈɒksʌɪd/

同類詞：carbon monoxide

There were dozens of presentations in 2008, including: […

2008年有数十场演讲，其中包括： […] “二氧化碳对气候变化的夸大性作用”。

2008年December9日，Jeff Jacoby，“Skepticism on climate change [對氣候變化的懷疑]”, in The International Herald Tribune, →ISSN:

Oxygen levels on Earth skyrocketed 2.4 billion years ago, when cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis: the ability to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and waste oxygen using solar energy.

24亿年前，当蓝藻进化出光合作用时，地球上的氧气含量猛增：利用太阳能将水和二氧化碳转化为碳水化合物并消耗氧气的能力。

2013 September–October，Katie L. Burke，“In the News”, in American Scientist，存檔自the original on 2013-09-03:


carrying capacity

运载能力；承載力；負荷量


cartography

/kɐː(ɹ)ˈtɔɡɹəfɪi̯/

/kɐɹˈtɒɡɹəfi/

/kɐː(ɹ)ˈtɔɡɹɘfɪi̯/

/kɑːˈtɒɡɹəfi/

/kɑɹˈtɑɡɹəfi/


catastrophism

灾变论
* 简体: 灾变说[大气]
* 正體: 巨變說[氣象]


catchment area

汇水面积
* 简体: 汇水区[测绘学]
* 正體: 集水區[測量學]
(1)指地表逕流流入同一排水系統的區域。 (2)流域內排水流入一河川、盆地或水庫的區域。
* 正體: 受託區[電子計算機]


cation

借自古希臘語 κᾰτῐόν (kătĭón)，κᾰ́τειμῐ (kắteimĭ，“向下走”) 的現在分詞，源自 κᾰτᾰ- (kătă-，“向下”) + εἶμῐ (eîmĭ，“走，去nocat=1”)。由英國的博學家威廉·惠威爾在1834年造出，他為麥可·法拉第造出了本詞，後者於當年稍晚時間引入了本詞。等價於 cat(a)- + ion。


cementation

胶结
渗镀、cementation、diffusion coating
置代回收法、cementation
放射性废液水泥固化、solidification of radioactive liquid waste by cementation
多元共渗、complex cementation
土壤胶结作用、soil cementation


center line

中线
* 正體: 中心線[電機工程]
* 正體: 中心線[通訊工程]
* 简体: 中心线[测绘学]
* 正體: 中心線[測量學]


centre line

中线
* 正體: 中線[電子計算機]


center of pressure

压力中心
* 正體: 壓力中心[電子計算機]


center of symmetry

对称中心
* 正體: 對稱中心[電子計算機]


center of gravity

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-center of gravity.wav


cesium

钯
* 正體: 銫[電子計算機]


characteristic radiation

特性辐射
* 正體: 特性輻射[電機工程]
* 正體: 標識輻射[電機工程]


charge transfer

电荷转移
* 正體: 電荷傳送[電子計算機]


chemical bond

化学键
* 正體: 化學鍵[電子計算機]


chemical oxygen demand

化学需氧量，水中物質行生物或非生物的氧化所需的氧量，為水質測定方法之一。


chemical potential

[大气][化學]化學勢；化學位能；化學位勢


chemical reaction

化学反应:
一物質轉換成為一種或多種新物質的變化。


chlorination

加氯處理（如加到水中消毒，或加到含金物质以提取其中的金）


chlorinity

氯度
* 简体: 氯含量[大气]
* 正體: 氯度[氣象]


chlorosity

体积氯度
* 简体: 体积氯度[大气]
* 正體: 含氯量[氣象]


chondrocranium

软骨颅
* 简体: 软骨颅[动物学]
* 正體: 軟顱[動物學]


chromatography

/ˌkɹəʊ.məˈtɒɡɹə.fi/


citric acid

/ˌsɪtɹɪk ˈæsɪd/


classification

On those remote pages it is written that animals are divided into (a) those that belong to the Emperor, (b) embalmed ones, (c) those that are trained, (d) suckling pigs, (e) mermaids, (f) fabulous ones, (g) stray dogs, (h) those that are included in this classification, (i) those that tremble as if they were mad, (j) innumerable ones, (k) those drawn with a verfy fine camel's hair brush, (l) others, (m) those that have just broken a flower vase, (n) those that resemble flies from a distance.

1937-1952，Jorge Luis Borges，Other Inquisitions:

I’m using mathesis — a universal science of measurement and order …
And there is also taxinomia a principle of 'classification' and ordered tabulation.
Knowledge replaced universal resemblance with finite differences. History was arrested and turned into tables …
Western reason had entered the age of judgement.

1997: Chris Horrocks, Introducing Foucault, page 69 (Totem Books, Icon Books; ISBN 1840460865


classify

源自法語 classifier。By surface analysis, class + -ify。

classifies (third-person singular present)
classifying (present participle)
classified (past participle)

宣稱為機密(特別是政府機密)


clearance

间隙
* [简体]:余隙[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:餘隙[電子電機工程]
* 正體: 淨空；間隙；間距[電機工程]
* 正體: 間距[電子計算機]


cleavage plane

劈理面
* 正體: 裂面[電機工程]


climax

源自拉丁語 clīmax，借自古希臘語 κλῖμαξ (klîmax，“梯子，樓梯，（修辭學上的）高潮”)，源自 κλίνω (klínō，“傾斜”)。

一系列按上升順序排列的修辭手段

頂點、高峰、高潮 生態發展的巔峰，物種與其環境達到平衡

頂點、高峰、高潮 性高潮


climax

climaxes (third-person singular present)
climaxing (present participle)
climaxed (past participle)


ultime

the true and ultime operations of Heat

1631，Francis [Bacon]，“(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […]，第3rd版, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

Nothing was wanting now to the perfecting of this League, but the ultime and compleating act, the solemn confirmation by Oath.

1654，Hamon L'Estrange，The Reign of King Charles:


dishonour

dishonor (alternative)
dishonours (plural)

英國，加拿大，澳大利亞，新西蘭，愛爾蘭，南非


integrity

借自中古法語 intégrité、源自拉丁語 integritās。entirety 的同源對似詞。

/ɪnˈtɛɡɹəti/

/ɪnˈtɛɡɹɪti/

Living a lie saps us of integrity and moral cohesion to the point that we can no longer distinguish between the artifice being propped up and the real world.

2023年June22日，Charles Hugh Smith，2023-2030: Artifice Vs. Doom-Loops:


pablum

pabulum

任何過度平淡或過分單純的東西，特別是指講話或文字

pap

任何過度平淡或過分單純的東西，特別是指講話或文字

任何過度平淡或過分單純的東西，特別是指講話或文字

(可否为此义项增加一个例句？)

Pablum的大小寫替代形式


basil

標準英音，加拿大，澳大利亞


exciter

為發射器產生載波訊號的電子振盪器。


omohyoid

/əʊ.məʊˈhʌɪ.ɔɪd/


coccyx

拉丁語 coccyx，源自古希臘語 κόκκυξ (kókkux，“布穀鳥”)，因從側面看起來像布穀鳥彎曲的嘴喙而得名。

He lands on the concrete path and bounces on his coccyx, which cracks the base of his spine.

2018，Richard Powers，The Overstory，Vintage (2019)，頁 129:


coefficient of expansion

[测绘学][電子計算機]膨胀系数


coefficient of variation

变化系数
* 正體: 差異係數[電子計算機]


coercive force

矫顽力
* [简体]:矫顽(磁)力[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:矯頑(磁)力[電子電機工程]
* 正體: 矯頑（磁）力[電機工程]
* 正體: 抗磁力[通訊工程]


coercivity

矫顽性
* 正體: 抗磁[電子計算機]


coherence

相干性
* [简体]:相干性[通信]
* [正體]:同調，同調度[通訊]
* 正體: 連貫；同調[電機工程]
* 正體: 同調，同調度[通訊工程]
* 正體: 連貫性[電子計算機]


coherent

自 co- + haereō 演變為拉丁語 cohaērēns，再演變為中古法語 coherent，再演變而來。By surface analysis, cohere + -ent。

cohærent (alternative)
more coherent (comparative)
most coherent (superlative)

/kəʊˈhɪə.ɹənt/

/kəʉˈhɪə.ɹənt/

統一的、有調理的、連貫的、前後一致的

A sentence like this one cannot be understood unless somehow we can store the underlined words for several seconds, while we wait for the rest of the sentence to arrive, with the information needed to complete a coherent thought.

像這樣的語句是無法理解的，除非我們能以某種方式將畫底線的單字儲存幾秒鐘，同時等句子剩餘部分到來並提供所需資訊，才能完成連貫的思想。

1997年，伯納德·巴爾斯，“Psychology in a World of Sentient, Self-Knowing Beings: A Modest Utopian Fantasy”, in Mind and Brain Sciences in the 21st Century，麻省理工學院出版社, 出版於 1999年, →ISBN，頁 7:

Anglia, is part of a wider phenomenon of the seventh century - the development of recognisable, coherent kingdoms from the fragmented tribal society which emerged from the ruins of Roman Britain.

從羅馬不列顛廢墟中興起的零散部落社會，在七世紀發展成了獨特、統一的王國——盎格利亞，這是當時一種普遍的現象之一。

2005年，湯姆威廉森，Sandlands: The Suffolk Coast and Heaths，Windgather, 出版於 2005 年, →ISBN，頁 15:

She intimidated me so much that I could hardly get out a coherent sentence in her presence.

她嚇壞我了，以至於我在她面前說不上來一句完整的話。

2011，克萊爾·克萊因·達特諾，Behind the Walled Garden of Apartheid: Growing Up White in Segregated South Africa，Media Mint Publishing, 出版於 2011年, →ISBN，頁 124:

調理清晰的、有邏輯的、一致的

Perhaps Khrushchev did have a coherent plan in mind at the time he placed the nuclear missiles in Cuba.

或許赫魯雪夫在古巴發射核飛彈時腦中有過邏輯縝密的計畫。

2007年，肯尼斯·R·哈蒙德，Beyond Rationality: The Search for Wisdom in a Troubled Time，牛津大學出版社, 出版於 2007年, →ISBN，頁 108:

It will dissolve at death with the decay of the body, but it is a perfectly coherent belief that the faithful God will not allow it to be lost but will preserve it in the divine memory.

死亡後，它會隨著身體的腐爛而消散，但忠誠的上帝不會讓它消失，而是會將它保存在神聖的記憶中——這是一種完美連貫的信仰。

2009年，約翰·波金霍爾、尼古拉斯·畢爾，Questions of Truth: Fifty-One Responses to Questions about God, Science, and Belief，威斯敏斯特約翰·諾克斯出版社, 出版於 2009年, →ISBN，頁 23:

Presenting a balanced and coherent argument is an important aspect of a nonempirical dissertation and you need to spend some time considering the most useful route through your argument.

提出中肯且連貫的論點是非實證性論文的重要一環，思考最有效的論證思路要花上一點時間。

2009年，嘉莉·溫斯坦麗，Writing a Dissertation For Dummies，約翰威立, 出版於 2009年, →ISBN:

The underlying problem with transport policy is that there no coherent strategy. Ministers have tended to encourage greater use of motor vehicles through both transport and (particularly) planning policies, while simultaneously warning of the terrible consequences of unfettered growth of road use.

交通政策的潛在問題在於缺乏一個連貫的策略。部長傾向於同時通過交通政策和 (尤其是) 規劃政策來鼓勵更多地使用機動車輛，同時又警告道路使用無節制增長的可怕後果。

2020年December2日，克里斯汀·沃爾瑪，“Wales offers us a glimpse of an integrated transport policy”, in 《鐵路》，頁 56:

各部分相互協調、自然得當的

a coherent design

有相干性的 (波)、有同調性的 (波)

有凝聚性的 (層)、凝聚的 (層)


cohesive force

内聚力
* 正體: 內聚力[電機工程]


cold working

冷加工
* 正體: 冷加工[電子計算機]


colloidal particle

胶粒
* 正體: 膠狀粒子[電機工程]


colorimeter

比色计
* 正體: 色度計；比色計[電機工程]
* 简体: 比色计，色度计[测绘学]
* 正體: 比色計[測量學]
* 正體: 色度計[電子計算機]


colorimetry

比色法
* [简体]:色度学[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:色度學[電子電機工程]
* 正體: 色度學[電機工程]
* 简体: 色度学[信息科技]
* 正體: 色度學[計算機]
* 正體: 色度學[電子計算機]


controls

control的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


encyclopaedia

encyclopaedias (plural)
encyclopaediae (plural)


John the Baptist

來自中古英語 Johan þe Babtis，來自拉丁語 Iōannēs Baptista。

In those days came John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judaea, And saying, Repent ye: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC:
: Matthew 3:1-2:


understood

more understood (comparative)
most understood (superlative)


understood

understand 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞

Three crewmembers are understood to have been injured in the explosion.

據了解，三名船員在爆炸中受傷。


children

childer (alternative)
childs (alternative)
chillen (alternative)

/ˈt͡ʃɪldɹən/

美國南部，非洲裔美國人白話

[ˈt͡ʃɪl.d̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷən]

[ˈt͡ʃʊld̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷən]

‘Children crawled over each other like little grey worms in the gutters,’ he said. ‘The only red things about them were their buttocks and they were raw. Their faces looked as if snails had slimed on them and their mothers were like great sick beasts whose byres had never been cleared. […]’

1963，Margery Allingham，章號 7, in The China Governess:

Now we are liberal with our innermost secrets, spraying them into the public ether with a generosity our forebears could not have imagined. Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet.

2013年June14日，Jonathan Freedland，“Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 1，頁 18:


prophet

繼承自中古英語 prophete，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 prophete，源自拉丁語 prophēta，源自古希臘語 προφήτης (prophḗtēs，“為神代言的人”)，源自 πρό (pró，“在……之前”) + φημί (phēmí，“說，講”)。此詞取代了原始的古英語 wītga。

a prophet has no honor in his own country

a prophet is not without honor save in his own country

先知，受神靈啟發而說話的人

Muslims believe that Muhammad was the final prophet sent to mankind.

穆斯林相信穆罕默德是上帝派給人類的最後一位先知。


finally

他最後決定選擇紅色的衣服。

我終於找到了一個車位。


voice

voices (third-person singular present)
voicing (present participle)
voiced (past participle)


want

wants (third-person singular present)
wanting (present participle)
wanted (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-want.wav

我想要一杯咖啡。

她今晚想去看電影。

他們需要更多關於這個產品的信息。

They want more information about the product.

公司希望有合格的候選人來擔任這份工作。

The company wants qualified candidates for the job.

城市缺乏公共交通工具。

The city wants more public transportation.


want

這個貧困的家庭缺乏食物和住所。

The poor family was in want of food and shelter.


stay

stays (third-person singular present)
staying (present participle)
stayed (past participle)


told

繼承自中古英語 tolde、talde (第一及第三人称单数过去式)，繼承自古英語 tealde (第一及第三人称单数过去式)，源自原始日耳曼語 *talid-，原始日耳曼語 *taljaną (“计数；告诉，叙述”) 的过去式词干，等價於 tell + -ed。

tell 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞

A tale is but half told, if only one person tells it.

如果只有一个人讲述，那么故事就只讲了一半。


decide

源自法語 décider 或拉丁語 dēcīdere，後者為 dēcīdō （“切斷，決定”）的不定式，源自 dē （“離”） + caedō （“切”）。

decides (third-person singular present)
deciding (present participle)
decided (past participle)


leave

leaves (third-person singular present)
leaving (present participle)
left (past participle)


Bethsaida

源自希伯來語בית צידה (bet tsaida，“狩獵場”)。

/ˌbɛθ.ˈseɪ.ɪ.ɾə/


write

writes (third-person singular present)
writing (present participle)
wrote (past)
writ (past)
written (past participle)
writ (past participle)
ywriten (past participle)


add

adds (third-person singular present)
adding (present participle)
added (past participle)


compactability

紧实性
* 正體: 可緊密性[電子計算機]


compaction

压缩
* 正體: 壓緊[自由軟體]
* 简体: 压缩[自由软体]
* 正體: 緊密；壓緊[電子計算機]


comparator

比较器
* 正體: 比較器[電機工程]
* 正體: 比較器[電子計算機]


compensator

补偿器
* 正體: 補償器；補助器抵消器；調整器[電機工程]
* 简体: 补偿器[测绘学]
* 正體: 補正器[測量學]


anion

借自古希臘語 ἀνιόν (anión，“向上走（的東西）”)，ἄνειμι (áneimi，“向上走”) 的過去分詞，源自 ἀνά (aná，“向上”) + εἶμι (eîmi，“走，去”)。由英國的博學家威廉·惠威爾在1834年造出，他為麥可·法拉第造出了本詞，後者於當年稍晚時間引入了本詞。By surface analysis, ana- + ion。


complex ion

络离子
* 正體: 錯離子[電機工程]


complexometric titration

络合滴定[法]；錯合滴定[法]


koala

/kəʊ.ˈɑː.lə/


mars

mar 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


japan

japans (third-person singular present)
japanning (present participle)
japanned (past participle)


compressive strength

抗压强度
* 正體: 抗壓強度[電機工程]


jupiter

首字母小寫化，源自Jupiter (“木星”)。


tomorrow

來自中古英語 tomorwe、tomorwen，來自古英語 tō morgne (“明天”，副詞)，來自tō (“在”) + morgne（morgen (“早晨”)的與格），來自原始日耳曼語 *murganaz (“早晨”)，或許來自原始印歐語 *mergʰ- (“閃爍”)，等同於to- + morrow。

If you don't get your life on track today, you're going to be very sorry tomorrow.

要是你現在不把生活弄回正軌，以後你會對此感到可惜的。

下一個時間段（如下星期，下個月）

Resolved, &c. That the House be Called over again on Tomorrow Month, being the Six-and-twentieth Day of April next.

1664 March 28, debate in Great Britain's House of Commons, printed in 1803 in the Journals of the House of Commons, page 538:

'You shall go to it on to-morrow week, so make haste and get well!'

1840, Melancholy Death of Amelia V, in The Christian Guardian (and Church of England magazine), page 60:

To prevent this, a committee for peace was proposed for to-morrow, who heard the ministers and Mr. Anderson upon the heads of the affair, but in vain; when their complaint was given in in Synod, and referred to the next Synod […]

1717 October 8, Robert Wodrow, in a letter to Mr. James Hart, printed in 1828, Robert Wodrow, The History of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland, page xxii:

[…] after he hade drunk liberally in the Advocate's house that same day, went to bed in health, but was taken up stark dead to-morrow morning; and such was the testimony of honour heaven was pleased to allow Montrose's pompuous funerals.

1817, James Kirkton, The Secret and True History of the Church of Scotland, page 126:


tomorrow

to-morrow (alternative)
tomorrows (plural)

Tomorrow will be sunny.

Oh seek, my love, your newer way; / I'll not be left in sorrow. / So long as I have yesterday, / Go take your damned to-morrow!

1926，Dorothy Parker，“Godspeed”, in Enough Rope，頁 69:


melting point

事情出錯或變得危險的高潮局面


conjugation

/ˌkɒnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/

/ˌkɑnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/

共轭、变体（活用）、变位法


Angola

安哥拉，非洲的一個國家。


contact spring

接触泉
* 正體: （接）觸（彈）簧[電機工程]


condensed milk

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-condensed milk.wav

She holds the condensed milk tin over the first mug and watches the pale yellow milk stream down in a thin, viscous line.

她把炼乳罐放在第一个杯子上方，看着淡黄色的牛奶流成一条细而粘稠的线。

2008，Preeta Samarasan，Evening is the Whole Day，Fourth Estate，頁 86:


tomato

源自西班牙語 tomate，來自古典納瓦特爾語 tomatl，來自原始納瓦語 *tomatl。對照tomatillo。

[tʰə̥ˈmɑːtʰəʊ]

[tʰə̥ˈmɐːtʰɐʉ]

[tʰə̥ˈmeɪɾoʊ]

[tʰə̥ˈmeɪɾə]

分體詞：lycopene

In common parlance tomatoes are vegetables, as the Supreme Court observed long ago [see Nix v. Hedden 149 U.S. 304, 307, 13 S.Ct. 881, 882, 37 L.Ed. 745 (1893)], although botanically speaking they are actually a fruit. [26 Encyclopedia Americana 832 (Int'l. ed. 1981)]. Regardless of classification, people have been enjoying tomatoes for centuries; even Mr. Pickwick, as Dickens relates, ate his chops in "tomata" sauce.

1990, JSG Trading Corp. v. Tray-Wrap, Inc., 917 F.2d 75 (2d Cir. 1990)

tomato：

Lookit the legs on that hot tomato!

When she left the room, I asked Robert, “Who's the tomato?” “Marisa. She's from Mexico.” He had a telltale smile on his face.

2008, Denny Durbin, Lazy Enchiladas: Redefining Success: Tasty Lessons on Love, Life, & Relationships, Bodega Publishing (ISBN 9780980207248), page 13:

“Who's the tomato?” a cop said as Evie walked past. “Her? She's the stiff's niece,” another cop answered. Evie flinched to hear Will discussed like that. “You wanna clam up?” Malloy barked and the officers fell silent.

2020, Libba Bray, The King of Crows, Little, Brown Books for Young Readers (ISBN 9780316532624)


tomato

tomatos (third-person singular present)
tomatoing (present participle)
tomatoed (past participle)

[tʰə̥ˈmɑːtʰəʊ]

[tʰə̥ˈmɐːtʰɐʉ]

[tʰə̥ˈmeɪɾoʊ]

[tʰə̥ˈmeɪɾə]


continental slope

大陆坡
* 简体: 大陆坡[测绘学]
* 正體: 大陸斜坡[測量學]
* 简体: 大陆斜坡[大气]
* 正體: ［大］陸坡[氣象]


continentality

大陆度
* 简体: 大陆度[大气]
* 正體: 陸性度[氣象]


continuous spectrum

连续光谱
* 正體: 連續（光）譜[電機工程]
* 简体: 连续光谱[测绘学]
* 正體: 連續光譜[測量學]
* 正體: 連續頻譜[電子計算機]


Bahrain

借自阿拉伯語 الْبَحْرَيْن (al-baḥrayn，字面意思是“兩海”)。

Bahrein (alternative)
Bahrayn (alternative)

群島，島嶼及國家名，位於波斯灣在西亞。法定名稱：巴林。首都：麥納瑪。


Bangladesh

/ˌbæŋ.ɡlə.ˈdɛʃ/

/ˌbɑːŋ.ɡlə.ˈdɛʃ/


contouring

矿体圈定
* [简体]:磨球面[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:磨球面[電子電機工程]
* 正體: 取輪廓[電子計算機]


vegetable oil

在美國的食品雜貨店，瓶裝標有「vegetable oil」的，通常含有大豆油。


convection cell

对了
* 简体: 对流单体[大气]
* 正體: 對流胞[氣象]


convergence

來自 converge + -ence（仿照拉丁語 convergentia）。

We built a homestead at the convergence of two rivers

我们在两条河的交汇处建造了家园

红、绿、蓝三束电子束在阴极射线管的一个像素上相交

趨同（一種假設，認為較貧窮經濟體的人均收入往往比較富裕經濟體以更快的速度增長）

将不同的技术、行业或设备合并为一个统一的整体


conversion table

换算表
* 正體: 轉換表[電子計算機]


Belize

众说纷纭。一种颇具争议的假设认为，该名称源于苏格兰海盗彼得·华莱（Peter Wallace），他的名字可能通过西班牙语发音演变为“Belize”，但现代学者认为这只是一个殖民神话。另一种可能性则指向瑪雅語，源自詞語 balix 或 belix，意为“浑水”，可能指的是伯利兹河。18世纪早期的制图记录显示，该名称还存在一些变体，例如 Balesia 和 Belleze。也有人認為與瑪雅語短語 Bel Itza 有關，該短語意为“通往伊察的道路”，可能指的是位于今危地马拉的玛雅王国佩滕伊察。

伯利茲，貝里斯（國家名，位於中美洲），英國殖民時期曾稱 British Honduras (“英屬洪都拉斯”)。


Bosnia and Herzegovina

bŏz′·nē·ə and hûrts′·ə·gōv′·ĭn·ə

bŏz′·nē·ə and hûrts′·ə·gōv′·ĭn·ə

bŏz′·nē·ə ənd hûrts′·ə·gōv′·ĭn·ə

bŏz′·nē·ə ənd hûrts′·ə·gōv′·ĭn·ə

波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納，波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維那（國家名，位於歐洲）


MSG

任一化學性質的游離穀氨酸。


MSG

Madison Square Garden (“麦迪逊广场花园”)之首字母縮略詞。


Brazil

源自葡萄牙語 Brazil（Brasil的舊拼法），來自brasil (“巴西木”)，原意為「如餘燼般紅」，源自brasa (“餘燼”)，最終可追溯至原始日耳曼語 *brasō (“燃屑、劈啪作響的煤塊”) + -il (“類，似”)（來自拉丁語 -īlis (形容詞後綴)）。

巴西（南美洲講葡萄牙語的國家）

In February, a young man from an isolated Indigenous tribe in Brazil made brief contact with the outside world before returning to the Amazon rainforest.

2025年2月，一名來自巴西孤立原住民部落的年輕男子短暫接觸外界後，返回了亞馬遜雨林。

2025年April4日，Lex Harvey and Esha Mitra，“US tourist arrested after allegedly attempting to contact ‘world’s most isolated’ tribe”, in CNN:

城市，縣治名，位於美國印第安納州克萊縣。


Brazil

源自愛爾蘭語 Ó Breasail (“Breasal後裔”)的英語化縮略形式，Breasal為意為「爭鬥」的綽號。


beef

beef (plural)
beefs (plural)
beeves (plural)


beef

beefs (third-person singular present)
beefing (present participle)
beefed (past participle)

beef (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 beefs，現在分詞 beefing，一般過去時及過去分詞 beefed)


Bulgaria

/bʌlˈɡɛə.ɹi.ə/


chicken

chickens (third-person singular present)
chickening (present participle)
chickened (past participle)


chicken breast

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chicken breast.wav

Lunch today is chicken breast with carrots.

今天的午餐是雞胸肉配胡蘿蔔。


Burkina Faso

布吉納法索 / 布基納法索 (either 真父房或真父屋)


drumstick

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-drumstick.wav


Central African Republic

/ˈsɛntɹəl ˈæfɹɪkən ɹɪˈpʌblɪk/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Central African Republic.wav

中非共和國（國家名，位於中非）


green tea

仿譯自漢語 綠茶／绿茶 (lǜchá)。

同類詞：black tea、white tea


chile

源自西班牙語 chile。


chile

child按發音的寫法。


tofu

借自日語 豆腐(とうふ) (tōfu)，來自中古漢語 豆腐 (dəuᴴ bɨo^X)。dubu 的同源對似詞。

同類詞：tempeh

First, marinate the tofu. In a bowl, whisk the kecap manis, chilli sauce, and sesame oil together. Cut the tofu into strips about 1cm thick, mix gently (so it doesn't break) with the marinade and leave in the fridge for half an hour.

首先将豆腐腌制一下。在碗里加入甜酱油、辣椒酱和芝麻油，并搅拌在一起。将豆腐切成约1厘米厚的条，与腌料轻轻混合（以免破裂），然后放入冰箱半小时。

2012年May8日，Yotam Ottolenghi, Sami Tamimi，Ottolenghi: The Cookbook，Random House, →ISBN，頁 79:

因缺少對應字體而顯示成方塊的字符（像是_□或𐕪）


grapefruit

被廣泛地認為是grape + fruit的行銷術語，暗指樹上葡萄狀的果實，19世紀早期Ciardi提出了另一種說法：柚子的植物學名稱之一是Citrus grandis，意思是「大柑橘 [水果]」，這是由於其果實的大小。一個新的柚子品種可能首先被稱為「greatfruit」（參見greatfruit），經過同化過程，這個詞被念成「grapefruit」。

grapefruits (plural)
grapefruit (plural)

Results have begun to come in and at Comfort Castle this month I spent a useful and happy half day carting round 8 children in my car to their homes where we all helped to fill in with good soil and manure, their excellently dug holes and planted the grapefruit.

Grapefruit is high in vitamin C. The pink and red varieties contain vitamin A (betacarotene) and lycopene, an antioxidant that may help prevent cancer. Grapefruit contains a chemical that can alter intestinal absorption of some medications and lead to higher than normal blood levels of some drugs and potential problems.

2002，“Fruits”, in Encyclopedia of Foods: A Guide to Healthy Nutrition，Academic Press, →ISBN, part II (Encyclopedia of Foods)，頁 176，列 3:

Once loaded by Canaveral, the grapefruit are transported to Japan, where the shipments are unloaded by employees of Japanese stevedoring companies. The grapefruit are then received by the Japanese importers.

2002，NLRB Advice Memorandum Reporter，Labor Relations Press，頁 100:


corrosion inhibitor

*腐蚀防止剂
一種可以防止或延緩腐蝕反應的化學試劑。


cosmic dust

字宙尘
* 简体: 宇宙尘[大气]
* 正體: 宇宙塵[氣象]


costate

有肋骨的
* 正體: 副狀態[電機工程]


covariance

协方差
* 正體: 共方差[電機工程]
* 简体: 协方差[大气]
* 正體: 協方差[氣象]
* 正體: 共同變異數[自由軟體]
* 简体: 共同变异数[自由软体]


crater

craters (third-person singular present)
cratering (present participle)
cratered (past participle)


cratonisation

克拉通化酌==法语==f. 克拉通化


Dominican Republic

仿譯自西班牙語 República Dominicana，為了記念 santo (“神聖的；聖人”) domingo，可以指星期日、耶穌或聖道明。

多米尼加共和国，多明尼加共和国（國家名，位於加勒比海；首都：Santo Domingo）


broccoli

1699年來自意大利語 broccoli，為broccolo (“甘藍芽，頭”)的複數，brocco (“幼芽，嫩芽”)的指小（也是brocade的源頭），來自拉丁語 broccus (“尖的，鋒利的，突出的；有獠牙的”)，可能是高盧語的源頭，與原始凱爾特語 *brokkos (“獾”)或原始凱爾特語 *brozdos (“頂端，尖端”)相關（對照蘇格蘭蓋爾語 brog (“鋒利的器具，鑽子”)、威爾士語 procio (“刺，戳”)、古英語 brord (“尖端，尖”)）。更多請見brochure、brad。

broccolo (alternative)
brocoli (alternative)
brockely (alternative)
broccolis (plural)
broccoli (plural)

You can also get oriental broccolis such as kailaan and nabana, which are easy to grow and really tasty.

2010, Sven Wombwell, Allotment Gardening For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons (ISBN 9780470664483), Growing Oriental Leaf Vegetables:

Examples of leafy vegetables are broccoli, spinach, celery, and chicory.

2013, Anselm Anyoha, MD, How Broccoli-Head Lost Thirty Pounds: A Handbook for Healthy Living, iUniverse (ISBN 9781475987584), page 83:

I be smokin' broccoli, mama told me eat my veggies

抽支大麻爺最愛，老媽叫我吃蔬菜

2014，“Kodak Black”, in Heart Of The Projects，演出者 Skrilla:

All I want is cottage, roll a cigar full of broccoli

鄉村小屋要一間，捲起大麻吸口菸


broccoli

broccolo (alternative)
brocoli (alternative)
brockely (alternative)


cross hair

十字丝
* 正體: 十字準線[電子計算機]


Equatorial Guinea

/ˌɛkwəˈtɔːɹiəl ˈɡɪni/


skim milk

(北美、澳大利亞) 脫脂奶


Ethiopia

Ethiopia
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：衣索比亚
* 正體中文：衣索比亞


Fiji

借自斐濟語 Viti，源自原始中太平洋語 *viti 「東方，日出」。


crystal axis

结晶轴
* 正體: 晶軸[電機工程]


crystal chemistry

结晶化学
* 正體: 晶體化學[電子計算機]


crystal class

晶族
* 正體: 晶類[電機工程]


crystal detector

晶体探测器
* 正體: 晶體檢波器[電機工程]


distilled water

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-distilled water.wav


crystal growth

晶体生长
* [简体]:晶体生长[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:晶體生長[電子電機工程]
* 正體: 晶體成長[電子計算機]


crystal lattice

[電機工程][電子計算機]晶格


crystal structure

结晶结构
* 正體: 晶體結構[電機工程]


tap water

We have only tap water to drink.


crystalline

more crystalline (comparative)
most crystalline (superlative)


guava

1555年起有记录，源自西班牙語 guaya，guayaba的变体 ← 阿拉瓦克語 guayabo (“番石榴树”)。

番石榴、芭樂（树、水果名）


Indonesia

/ˌɪndə(ʊ)ˈniːʒə/

/ˌɪndəˈniʒə/


Jamaica

派生自泰諾語 Xaymaca (“木和水之地”)。


Kenya

借自基庫尤語 [具體何詞?]，源自肯亞山（Mount Kenya）之名。

肯尼亞，肯亞（國家名，位於東非；法定名稱：Republic of Kenya）

The object of the builders was to push on to Uganda as quickly as possible; one result was that Kenya was "discovered" on the way.

建设者的目标是尽快推进到乌干达。结果之一是肯尼亚在途中被“发现”。

1950 April，Timothy H. Cobb，“The Kenya-Uganda Railway [肯尼亞-烏干達鐵路]”, in Railway Magazine，頁 262:


Kiribati

借自吉伯特語 Kiribati，是英語 Gilberts按照吉伯特语的語音組合法而来，后者又是 Gilbert Islands 的缩略。最早出自 Ernest Sabatier 的 Dictionnaire gilbertin-français (1954)。

吉里巴斯，基里巴斯（位於大洋洲密克羅尼西亞的島嶼國家，主要由吉爾伯特群島組成；法定名稱：Republic of Kiribati；首都及最大城市：South Tarawa）。

吉伯特語，吉里巴斯語，基里巴斯語（一種密克羅尼西亞語言）


Libya

源自拉丁語 Libya，古希臘語 Λιβύη (Libúē)。自16世纪起开始使用此词。

非洲（古人所认识的北非的一部分）。


Madagascar

Madagascar
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：马达加斯加
* 正體中文：馬達加斯加


Mauritania

/ˌmɔːɹɪˈteɪni.ə/


Myanmar

/ˈmaɪ̯ænˌmɑː/


Nauru

/nɑːˈuː.ɹuː/


Nicaragua

/ˌnɪk.əˈɹɑ.ɡwə/

尼加拉瓜（國家名，位於中美洲；法定名稱：尼加拉瓜共和國）。


San Marino

借自意大利語 San Marino (“聖馬利諾斯”，基督教聖人)。

/ˌsæn məˈɹiː.nəʊ/

聖馬力諾，聖馬利諾（南歐內陸國家，位於亞平寧山脈東北側，全境被意大利／義大利包圍；法定名稱：Republic of San Marino）

聖馬力諾，聖馬利諾（首都名，位於聖馬力諾）

城市名，位於美國加利福尼亞州洛杉磯郡


bubble tea

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bubble tea.wav


Senegal

/ˌsɛn.ɪ.ˈɡɔːl/

/ˌsɛn.ɪ.ˈɡɑːl/


vermicelli

源自意大利語 vermicelli，vermicello的複數形，源自verme (“蠕蟲”)，源自拉丁語 vermis + -cello (“指小後綴”)。


Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-us-Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.ogg


Suriname

/ˌsʊə.ɹɪˈnæm/

/ˌsjʊə.ɹɪˈnæm/

/ˌsʊɹ.ɪˈnɑm/


Syria

繼承自中古英語 Sirie，源自拉丁語 Sȳria，源自古希臘語 Σῠρῐ́ᾱ (Sŭrĭ́ā)，最终源自阿卡德語 𒀸𒋩 (Aššur，“亞述”)，最初是 Assyria 的同義詞。

敘利亞（國家名，位於西亞；首都：大馬士革）

西元前64年至西元135年的古羅馬行省


pencil

pencils (third-person singular present)
pencilling
penciling
pencilled
penciled


Tonga

源自湯加語 Tonga，源自薩摩亞語 toga (“南”)。

東加，湯加（位於大洋洲玻里尼西亞地區的國家和群島；法定名稱：Kingdom of Tonga；首都及最大城市：Nuku'alofa）


Tonga

Chitonga

班圖語的一種，屬於尼亞薩（Nyasa）語支，在馬拉威使用。

班圖語的一種，屬於尼亞薩（Nyasa）語支，在馬拉威使用。


Tonga

Chitonga

班圖語的一種，屬於博塔特維（Botatwe）語支，在尚比亞／贊比亞以及辛巴威／津巴布韋使用

Enela cleared their way through the throng, speaking in Tonga, a heavy language that freighted the air with ceremony.

2019，Namwali Serpell，The Old Drift，Hogarth:


Tonga

班圖語的一種，在莫三比克／莫桑比克使用


Tunisia

突尼斯/突尼西亞（北非國家）
奧斯曼統治時期的突尼斯省（1534 - 1881）

突尼斯/突尼西亞（北非國家）
法國保護國（1881 - 1956）

突尼斯/突尼西亞（北非國家）
現代國家（1956 - ）


Turkmenistan

源自土庫曼語 Türkmenistan，源自 Türkmen (“像突厥的”) + 波斯語 ـستان (-estân，“…斯坦”)。

國家名，位於中亞。首都：阿什哈巴特。


TV

I saw an ad for that on TV.

我在電視上看過這個的廣告。

Believe me, the sun always shines on TV

1985，Paul Waaktaar-Savoy （作曲作詞）, “The Sun Always Shines on T.V.”, in Hunting High and Low，演出者 a-ha:

tax value之首字母縮略詞。


Tuvalu

圖瓦盧 / 吐瓦魯 (八島國)


Uganda

派生自斯瓦希里語 Uganda (“布干達，位於非洲大湖地區的一個古老王國”)，派生自盧干達語 Buganda (“干達人的國家”)。


United Arab Emirates

/juˌnaɪtɪd ˌæɹəb ˈɛmɪɹɪts/


croissant

非同化借詞，源自法語 croissant (“新月”)，croître (“生長”)的現在分詞。crescent 的同源對似詞。


crystallite

雏晶
* 正體: 微晶[電子計算機]


crystallization

结晶
* 正體: 結晶[電子計算機]


crystallisation

结晶
* 正體: 晶體化[電子計算機]


ctenidium

源自中古希臘語 κτενίδιον (ktenídion，“梳子”)，古希臘語 κτείς (kteís)的指小词。

櫛鰓，一些軟體動物的呼吸系統，形似梳子。


cuesta

丘
* 简体: 单面山[测绘学]
* 正體: 單面山[測量學]


culvert

排水渠
* 简体: 涵洞[测绘学]
* 正體: 涵洞[測量學]


cumulonimbus

cumulonimbuses (plural)
cumulonimbi (plural)

The one to the east (which at the moment seemed to be leaping straight out of the heart of a sinister slaty-purple patch of cumulonimbus) drained the Lake of the Hanging Glaciers; that to the west a desolate rock and ice-walled valley which was rimmed by some of the highest summits in the Selkirks.

1921，Lewis R. Freeman，章號 III, in Down the Columbia:


current density

电淋度
* 正體: 電流密度[電機工程]
* 正體: 電流密度[電子計算機]


current meter

测速表
* 正體: 流速計；電流計[電機工程]
* 正體: 電流計；流速計[電機工程]


e-mail

email的另一種拼寫法


e-mail

e-mails (third-person singular present)
e-mailing (present participle)
e-mailed (past participle)

email的另一種拼寫法


damp

湿的; 潮濕
參見：dampen


Indian Ocean

In the west, the outer periphery of the Inner Zone is the great divide separating Pacific Ocean and South China Sea drainage on the one hand, from drainage oriented towards Hsin-chiang in the northwest and towards the Indian Ocean in the southwest, on the other.

1970，Joseph B. R. Whitney，China: Area, Administration, and Nation Building，Department of Geography, University of Chicago, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 38:


damping

阻尼
* 正體: 阻尼；減幅[電機工程]
* 正體: 阻泥[通訊工程]
* 正體: 阻尼[電子計算機]


data bank

数据库
* 正體: 資料庫[電機工程]
* 简体: 资料库[大气]
* 正體: 資料庫[氣象]
* 简体: [综合]数据库[信息科技]
* 正體: 資料銀行，資料庫[計算機]


datum plane

基准面
* 简体: 基准面[测绘学]
* 正體: 基準面[測量學]


dead load

恒载
* 正體: 固定負載[電機工程]
* 正體: 固定負載；靜載（重）[電機工程]


decay product

衰变产物
* 正體: 衰變產物[電機工程]


degree of saturation

饱和度
* 正體: 飽和度[電機工程]


demagnetization

來自de- + magnetization或來自demagnetize + -ation。


dendrochronology

年轮年代学
* 简体: 年轮学[大气]
* 正體: 樹齡學[氣象]


dendrolite

dendro- + -lite，源自 古希臘語 δένδρον (déndron，“樹”) + λίθος (líthos，“石”)。


denitrification

*脱氮酌
*脫氮作用
(1) 經由生物處理或化學方式去除土中的含氮。是一種汽化式的散失，而非經由物理過程如滲漏的流失。 (2) 經由土壤中的細菌分解硝酸鹽而釋放出自由氮。此種過程常發生於厭氧環境下，如浸泡在水中的土地；會降低土中養份。


densimeter

密度计
* 正體: 密度計[電機工程]


densitometer

密度计
* 正體: 密度計[電機工程]
* 简体: 密度计[测绘学]
* 正體: 密度計[測量學]


dental formula

齿式
* 简体: 齿式[动物学]
* 正體: 齒式[動物學]


depth of focus

震源深度
* 正體: 焦點深度[電機工程]


deuteron

重氢核
* 正體: 氣核[電機工程]
* 简体: 氘核[大气]
* 正體: 氘核[氣象]


diad

二次对称轴
* 正體: 四進位[電機工程]
* 正體: 四進（位）[電子計算機]


diamagnetism

抗磁性
* [简体]:抗磁性[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:反磁性[電子電機工程]
* 正體: 反磁性[電機工程]
* 正體: 反磁性[通訊工程]
* 简体: 抗磁性[测绘学]
* 正體: 反磁性[測量學]


diatom

源自（已棄用的）屬名 Diatoma，源自古希臘語 διάτομος (diátomos，“切开，切成两半”)。

Diatoms are enclosed in two shells that fit together like a pillbox.

硅藻被包裹在两个像碉堡一样贴合在一起的壳中。

1967，George K. Reid，Pond Life，New York: Golden Press, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 31:

Diatoms are characterized by a cell wall called a fistula made of silica, which usually has two overlapping sections.

硅藻的特点是细胞壁由二氧化硅制成，称为藻壳，通常有两个重叠的部分。

2012，Caspar Henderson，The Book of Barely Imagined Beings，Granta Books, 出版於 2013，頁 287:


diatom

We show here, through a systematic study of the covalent chemical bond covering the entire periodic system, that the maximum bond multiplicity is six. The maximum value is reached by the tungsten diatom, W₂. No other pair of atoms in the periodic system (atomic numbers smaller than about 100) reaches a higher bond order.

2007，Björn O. Roos, Antonio C. Borin, Laura Gagliardi，“Reaching the Maximum Multiplicity of the Covalent Chemical Bond”, in Angewandte Chemie，卷 46, 期 9, →DOI，存檔自the original on 2024-04-27，頁s 1469–1472:


differential pressure

不均压力
* 正體: 微分壓力[電子計算機]


diffraction grating

衍射光栅/繞射光栅
* 正體: 繞射柵[電機工程]


diffraction pattern

衍射圈
* 简体: 衍射图样[大气]
* 正體: 繞射型[氣象]


diffusion coefficient

[電子電機工程][通訊工程]扩散系数


dipyridyl

联吡啶，是一種鐵離子的螯合劑


discontinuity

來自晚期拉丁語 discontinuitās，來自discontinuus，等同於dis- + continuity。

Shock waves are sudden discontinuities propagated in compressible media – usually air.

2012，George Dyson，Turing's Cathedral，Penguin, 出版於 2013，頁 57:


discrete value

不连续值
* 正體: 離散值[電子計算機]


discriminator

鉴别器
* 正體: 鑑別器；鑑頻器[電機工程]
* 正體: 鑑別器[電子計算機]


displacement law

迁移定律
* 正體: 位移定律[電機工程]


dissociation

/ˈdɪˌsəʊʃɪieɪʃən/


dissociation energy

离解能
* 正體: 解離能量[電機工程]


distribution curve

分布曲线
* 正體: 分佈曲線[電子計算機]


divergent boundary

离散边缘，擴張邊界；离散边界；建设性板块边界


dodecahedron

dodecahedra (plural)
dodecahedrons (plural)

/ˌdəʊdɛkəˈhiːdɹən/

/ˌdəʊdɪkəˈhiːdɹən/


dormant volcano

休火山
* 简体: 息火山,静火山[大气]
* 正體: 休火山[氣象]


dosimeter

剂量计
* 正體: （放射）劑量計[電機工程]


double bond

雙鍵，含1根σ鍵和1根π鍵的共價鍵的分類稱呼


double refraction

双折射
* 正體: 雙折射[電機工程]


drainage system

*水系
*排水系統
指地表河流、或集水處，以及其所有的支流和排水區域。人工排水系統也包括地表和地下的管道。


drift current

吹流
* 正體: 漂移電流[電機工程]


durability

持久性
* [简体]:耐久性[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:耐久性[電子電機工程]
* 正體: 持久性[電機工程]
* 简体: 耐印力[测绘学]
* 正體: 耐印力[測量學]
* 简体: 耐久性[航海科技]
* 正體: 耐久性[海事]
* 正體: 耐用性[電子計算機]


dust counter

计尘器尘粒计数器
* 简体: 计尘器[大气]
* 正體: 計塵器[氣象]


geomorphology

地貌学
* 简体: 地形学[测绘学]
* 正體: 地形學[測量學]
* 简体: 地貌学[大气]
* 正體: 地形學[氣象]


dynamic instability

动力不稳定
* 简体: 动力不稳定[大气]
* 正體: 動力不穩度[氣象]


dynamic similarity

动力相似
* 简体: 动力相似[航海科技]
* 正體: 動態相似性[海事]
* 简体: 动力相似[大气]
* 正體: 動力相似[氣象]


earth axis

地轴
* 简体: 地轴[测绘学]
* 正體: 地軸[測量學]


earth current

大地电流
* 正體: 接地電流；大地電流[電機工程]


earth satellite

地球卫星
* 简体: 地球卫星[测绘学]
* 正體: 地球衛星[測量學]


ecotope

生态环境
* 简体: 生态区[动物学]
* 正體: 生態區[動物學]


ecotype

生态型
* 简体: 生态型[动物学]
* 正體: 生態型[動物學]


effective nuclear charge

On the other hand, many concepts on atomic structure (energy levels, ionization potentials, electronegativity of the elements, and so on) are discussed in terms of effective nuclear charges.

1999 September，O. Sala, K. Araki, L. K. Noda，“A Procedure to Obtain the Effective Nuclear Charge from the Atomic Spectrum of Sodium”, in Journal of Chemical Education，卷 76, 期 9，頁 1269:


elastic deformation

弹性形变
[[ar:elastic deformation] carburizing


electric charge

电荷
* 正體: 電荷[電機工程]
* 简体: 电荷[信息科技]
* 正體: 電荷[計算機]
* 正體: 電荷[電子計算機]


electric double layer

双电层
* 正體: 電子雙層[電子計算機]


electrochemical equivalent

电化当量
* 正體: 電化當量[電機工程]


electrolytic capacitor

电解电容器
* [简体]:电解电容器[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:電解電容[電子電機工程]
* 正體: 電解電容器[電子計算機]


electromagnetic field

电磁场
* [简体]:电磁场[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:電磁場[電子電機工程]
* [简体]:电磁场[通信]
* [正體]:電磁場[通訊]
* 正體: 電磁場[電機工程]
* 正體: 電磁場[通訊工程]
* 简体: 电磁场[信息科技]
* 正體: 電磁場[計算機]
* 正體: 電磁場[電子計算機]


electrometallurgy

电冶金
* 正體: 電冶學[電機工程]


electron affinity

[電子電機工程][電機工程]电子亲合势，電子親和力，電子親和性


electron multiplier

电子倍增器
* 正體: 電子倍增器[電機工程]


electron tube

电子管
* 正體: 電子管[電機工程]
* 正體: 電子管[電子計算機]


ellipsoid

椭圆体
* 简体: 椭球体[航海科技]
* 正體: 橢球體[海事]


ellipticity

椭圆率
* 正體: 橢圓率[電機工程]
* 正體: ［極化橢圓之］橢圓度，橢圓率[通訊工程]


elytron

古典借詞，源自古希臘語 ἔλυτρον (élutron，“鞘”)。

In a corner, the Darkling Beetle rustles in its Cage, its Elytra the same unforgiving white as the great sand-waste call’d ‘Kalahari’ lying north of here […]

[…] the elytra covering the hind wings of the firefly lift like a light leather, suppler than any other beetle’s.

2020，Aimee Nezhukumatathil，World of Wonders: In Praise of Fireflies, Whale Sharks, and Other Astonishments，Minneapolis: Milkweed Editions, →ISBN，頁 9:


embryogenesis

胚发生
* 正體: 胚胎形成[電子計算機]


emplacement

侵位
* 正體: 定位[電子計算機]


emulsion

乳浊液
* 正體: 乳劑[電子計算機]


encroachment

/ɪŋˈkɹoʊt͡ʃmənt/

/ɛŋˈkɹoʊt͡ʃmənt/


bridegroom

/ˈbɹaɪdˌɡɹuːm/


endoskeleton

内骨胳
* 简体: 内骨骼[动物学]
* 正體: 內骨骼[動物學]


endothermic reaction

吸热反应
* 正體: 吸熱反應[電機工程]


energy band

能带
* 正體: 能帶[電機工程]
* 正體: 能帶[電子計算機]


energy barrier

能障
* 正體: 能障（壁）[電機工程]


energy distribution

能量分布
* 正體: 能量分布[電機工程]


energy level

能级
* 正體: 能階[電機工程]
* 简体: 能级[大气]
* 正體: 能階[氣象]
* 正體: 能階[電子計算機]


energy level diagram

能级图
* 正體: 能階圖[電機工程]
* 正體: 能階圖[電子計算機]


energy state

能态
* 正體: 能階[通訊工程]


entomology

:出自法语 entomologie ("昆虫学")，出自古希腊语 ἔντομον (éntomon, "昆虫"或"像昆虫的小虫子") + -logie ("学问").


eolation

风蚀
* 简体: 风蚀［作用］[大气]
* 正體: 風蝕［作用］[氣象]


epicenter

epicenters (third-person singular present)
epicentering (present participle)
epicentered (past participle)


epicentre

/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntɚ/

/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntə/


epidermis

epidermides (plural)
epidermises (plural)


epigenetic

后成的
* 正體: 外成的[電子計算機]


passover

Passover的首字母小寫形。