ETC

electron transport chain (“电子传递链”) 之首字母縮略詞。

Exchange-Traded Commodity (“交易所交易商品”) 之首字母縮略詞。

Electronic Toll Collection (“電子道路收費系統”) 之首字母縮略詞。


traded

trade 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


kind of

來自對短語中 kind of 的重分析，如 a kind of merry dance 本來是“a kind + of + merry dance”，被重新分析作“a + kind-of merry + dance”。

I'm getting kind of tired. Could we finish tomorrow?

我有點兒累了。咱們能在明天完成嗎？

That's the right answer, kind of.

某種程度上，那確實是正確答案。

He kind of hated the idea of Hugo having been with someone else, even though that was superhypocritical, considering Brand's own previous arrangements with Ramie and Jackson.

2022，A. M. Arthur，His Fresh Start Cowboy:


-ard

繼承自中古英語 -ard，源自古法語 -ard，源自古法蘭克語 *-hard (“堅硬的；大膽的”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *harduz (“堅硬的”)。同源詞包括中古高地德語 -hart。參見 hard。

構成表示處於某種狀況或具有某種性質的人的名詞，一般帶貶義。

drunk (“喝醉的”) + -ard → drunkard (“醉漢”)

dull (“愚鈍的”) + -ard → dullard (“笨蛋，蠢人”)

wise (“智慧”) + -ard → wizard (“智者→魔術師”)


blue wall

源自 blue + wall。
* (政治)： “blue”代指該黨的代表色，“wall”則表示對其的堅定支持。

藍牆，1992年至2012年美國總統大選時，民主黨連續取勝的18個州和哥倫比亞特區

其中三個在2016年大選中轉而由共和黨取勝的三個搖擺州：賓夕法尼亞、密歇根、威斯康辛

同類詞：red wall


Kamala

音譯自梵語 कमल (kamala，“蓮花”)。Kamal 的同源對似詞。


Kamala

借自夏威夷語 Kamala，源自英語 Tamara。

來自聖經 [in turn 源自希伯來語]的女性人名，Tamara的變體


Kamala

卡馬拉（鎮名，位於泰國普吉加圖 縣）


too close to call

（比賽、選舉等）勢均力敵，不相上下


reimagine

reimagines (third-person singular present)
reimagining (present participle)
reimagined (past participle)

The classic TV series is completely reimagined in the new version.

这部经典电视剧在新版本中被彻底重新构思。

Byford added: "In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, all transport authorities around the world will need to reimagine how their services and projects contribute to the safe and sustainable restart of the social and economic lives of the cities they serve."

拜福德补充道：“在新冠肺炎疫情爆发后，全球所有交通管理部门都需要重新设想他们的服务和项目如何为其服务的城市安全、可持续地重启社会和经济生活做出贡献。”

2020年June17日，“Byford appointed to top London transport post”, in Rail，頁 16:


stayed

stay 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


regularizes

regularize 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


rehabilitant

被改造、修復者；康復者，恢復者

The rehabilitator and the rehabilitant assess each other.

康复师与接受康复治疗者互相评估。

1973，James F. Garrett, Edna Simon Levine，Rehabilitation Practices with the Physically Disabled，頁 20:

This does happen for some; for example, peer counseling experience gained as an advanced rehabilitant working with more recently admitted clients/patients has been a stepping stone toward professional training for a number of people.

2003，Carolyn L. Vash, Nancy M. Crewe，Psychology of Disability, →ISBN，頁 256:

Considering rehabilitant variants that are modifications of provisional wild innovations, geographic prevalence was wider in wild orangutans for 7 entries, roughly equal for 16 entries, and wider in rehabilitants for 20 entries.

2010，Serge A. Wich, S Suci Utami Atmoko, Tatang Mitra Setia，Orangutans: Geographic Variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation, →ISBN:

Rijksen (1978) observed a rehabilitant aggressively Jabbing with a long stick at a caged clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa).

2011，Robert W. Shumaker, Kristina R. Walkup, Benjamin B. Beck，Animal Tool Behavior: The Use and Manufacture of Tools by Animals, →ISBN:


rehabilitant

more rehabilitant (comparative)
most rehabilitant (superlative)

康復的；恢復的；被改造的

There are no differences, on any of the twenty factors studied, between the rehabilitant and non-rehabilitant groups.

在所研究的二十个因素中，康复组和非康复组之间没有差异。

1961，Dissertation Abstracts - Volume 21, Issue 4，頁 2980:

However, some evidence exists on spatial memory in both wild and captive apes and on delayed imitation in rehabilitant apes.

2007，Joanna Blake，Routes to Child Language: Evolutionary and Developmental Precursors, →ISBN:

Recently sensory involvement in relation to pain has been studied asserting the clinical observation of pain ranging from mild to severe in the acute and rehabilitant phases.

2011，Doug Elliott, Leanne Aitken, Wendy Chaboyer，ACCCN's Critical Care Nursing, →ISBN，頁 468:


reimagines

reimagine 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


GOP

Grand Old Party (“大老党”)之首字母縮略詞，共和黨的暱稱。

On their behalf, Reagan insisted (over the objections of the Ford forces) that the GOP platform declare that henceforth “the goal of Republican foreign policy is the achievement of liberty under law and a just and lasting peace in the world.”

里根代表他们，（不顾福特势力的反对）坚持要求共和党纲领宣布今后“共和党外交政策的目标是实现法治下的自由以及世界公正持久的和平”。

2005，Jesse Helms，“Ronald Reagan, 1976”, in Here's Where I Stand: A Memoir，New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 103:


D.C.

DC (“哥倫比亞特區”)的另一種寫法


electoral district

Electoral district 是正式及學術用語。該詞常縮略作 district；不同地區也可能使用不同的詞來表示。在加拿大，儘管聯邦及省級選區常用 riding 表示，立法上仍用 electoral district。

When comparing voting systems, it is important to know how many representatives are elected from each electoral district.

当比较投票制度时，了解每个选区选出多少名代表是很重要的。


impresse

impress (“箴言徽章”)的棄用形式。


impone

源自拉丁語 imponere、impositum (“放在……的上面”)，由前綴 im- + ponere (“放置”) 組成。參見 imposition。

impones (third-person singular present)
imponing (present participle)
imponed (past participle)


imponed

impone 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


impones

impone 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


impressum

德國或一些德語國家出版物或網頁中必須包含的出版/版權說明


imprimantur

借自拉丁語 imprimantur (“讓他們被壓印”)，imprimere (“壓印”) 的第三人稱複數現在虛擬被動形式。

Then thus we sum up our affairs:

1738: John Bancks, The Author’s Picture. A fourth Epistle to Mr. Pope., 14ᵗʰ verse, lines 7–12

…among other pleasing circumstances, let our constant correspondent the indefatigable Mr. Ring, derive an unmixed gratification from learning that his writings, together with those of the Society in which he incessantly labours, receive the imprimantur of the Physician General at Madras.

? (1799–1833): J. Souter et alii, The London Medical and Physical Journal, p381

You are perfectly at liberty to deal with them as you please. Auctore tantum anonymo, imprimantur; and when printed, send me a copy⁴¹.

1836，William Cowper, Robert Southey，The Works of William Cowper, Esq., Comprising His Poems, Correspondence and Translations. With a Life of the Author，頁 38:

…any literature touching upon it is to be condignly abolished Imprimantur, the revised New Testament, the ‘Lamplighter’, and the tracts of Christian knowledge.

1891，Robert Williams Buchanan，The Coming Terror and Other Essays and Letters，頁 108:

…imprimantur; and when printed but for half an hour, yet, without boasting…

2005，William Cowper，The Works of William Cowper: His Life, Letters and Poems，頁 140:


reindustrialize

reindustrializes (third-person singular present)
reindustrializing (present participle)
reindustrialized (past participle)

The government plans to reindustrialize the former mining region.

政府计划重新振兴这个前采矿区。


reindustrializes

reindustrialize 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


reindustrialise

reindustrialises (third-person singular present)
reindustrialising (present participle)
reindustrialised (past participle)


pissest

piss 的(古舊第二人稱單數現在時) 第二人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


débouché

借自法語 débouché。

The débouchés were ordered widened to afford easy egress.


Atatürk

借自土耳其語 Atatürk。

阿塔圖爾克，阿塔蒂爾克，源自土耳其語的姓氏，仅适用穆斯塔法·凱末爾·阿塔圖爾克，土耳其共和国的创立者


Tagore

孟加拉語 ঠাকুর (ṭhakur)的英語化。

泰戈爾，源自孟加拉語的姓氏。


Thakur

借自印地語 ठाकुर (ṭhākur)，歷史上印度次大陸的一個封建領主稱號。


insertor

At the time when I observed him in an act of fellatio, he played the insertor role.

当我观察他进行口交行为时，他扮演的是插入者的角色。

2017，Laud Humphreys，Tearoom Trade: Impersonal Sex in Public Places:


reinscribe

reinscribes (third-person singular present)
reinscribing (present participle)
reinscribed (past participle)

在新的背景或表现形式中重现某个观点，通常以强化该观点或扩大其影响力的方式

This ambivalent anality both parodied national and gendered fantasies of “hardness” at the same time that it drew on dynamics of racial and queer mimesis to reinscribe hegemonic (white/ straight) masculinity.

2022，Marisol Cortez，“Ambivalent Anality: Revisiting the Queer Ecology of "the Jackass Moment"”, in Media+Environment:


reinscribes

reinscribe 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


LTTE

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (“泰米尔伊拉姆猛虎解放组织”)之縮寫。


stabilitate

stabilitates (third-person singular present)
stabilitating (present participle)
stabilitated (past participle)


non-venomous

The python is a nonvenomous snake.


intender

intenders (third-person singular present)
intendering (present participle)
intendered (past participle)


interpretant

符号对阅读或理解它的人产生的影响


inverses

inverse 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


reintroduces

reintroduce 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


mangu

借自西班牙語 mangú。

基本用於多明尼加和其他說西班牙語的國家，但後來亦傳播至加拿大和美國。


idée reçue

借自法語 idée reçue。


rejuvenesces

rejuvenesce 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


rejuvenesced

rejuvenesce 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


flower-of-an-hour

野西瓜苗，香鈴草，小秋葵，打瓜花，山西瓜秧（Hibiscus trionum）


relevate

借自拉丁語 relevātus，relevō (“提起，举起；减轻、缓解、减轻”) 的完成時被動分詞；對比中古法語及現代法語 relever，還有英語 relevation。relieve 的同源對似詞。

relevates (third-person singular present)
relevating (present participle)
relevated (past participle)

使（某人的）精神振奮、心情愉快；減輕（某人的精神或情緒上的負擔）

教化，使重新擁有正直品格


relvar

relation variable 的縮略，由克里斯托佛·達特所造。


relevé

源自法語 relevé (“抬起的”)。

舞者从半蹲姿势升至脚掌以保持单脚或双脚平衡的姿势


religate

部分借自拉丁語 religātus，religō (“綁緊”) 的完成時被動分詞。部分則是英語內構詞：re- + ligate。

religates (third-person singular present)
religating (present participle)
religated (past participle)


religate

relegate的已棄用拼寫 （17世紀）


investient

more investient (comparative)
most investient (superlative)


relates

relate 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


relieves

relieve 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


invested

invest 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


invests

invest 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


investing

invest 的現在時分詞和動名詞


relaxes

relax 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


détente

非同化借詞，源自法語 détente (“放鬆”)。

緩和（尤指兩國之間的關係）

Analogous structural and political constraints stood in the way of a lasting détente between Germany and Britain.

类似的结构性和政治性限制阻碍了德国和英国之间持久的缓和。

2012，Christopher Clark，The Sleepwalkers [夢遊者們]，Penguin, 出版於 2013，頁 318:

No step the United States could take anywhere in the world would bring strategic benefits as great as detente with Iran.

美国在世界任何地方采取任何举措，都无法像缓和与伊朗的关系那样带来巨大的战略利益。

2014年January14日，Stephen Kinzer，“Invading Iraq was dumb enough. Now Congress wants to derail the Iran deal [入侵伊拉克已经够愚蠢了。现在国会想破坏伊朗协议]”, in The Guardian:


remanet

被推迟或延期至另一届会议的法案


localizes

localize 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


Ferghana

借自古典波斯語 فَرْغَانَه (Farğāna)。

費爾干納（城市名，位於烏茲別克斯坦）


oils

oil 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


Messerschmidt

源自德語 Messerschmidt (“刀具”)或者 Messerschmied。


wike

繼承自古英語 wic。參見 wick (“村”)。

临时的标记或边界，例如用来标记或划分任何事物（如什一税、共用土地上要割的草场等）的树枝。


Lupe

借自西班牙語 Lupe。


structural

more structural (comparative)
most structural (superlative)

Class 1. consists of nervous diseases, such as depend on the nervous and muscular systems; the second, of sanguine diseases, such as depend on the sanguiferous system; the third, of secretory diseases, or such as are connected with the state of the secretions; and the fourth, of structural diseases, or those that are connected with the nutritive powers.

第一类是神经系统疾病，例如依赖于神经和肌肉系统的疾病；第二类是血液系统疾病，例如依赖于血液系统；第三类是分泌性疾病，或与分泌状态有关的疾病；第四类是结构性疾病，或与营养能力有关的疾病。

1814，Thomas Young，“An Introduction to Medical Literature, including a System of practical Nosology”, in The Monthly Review，頁 185:


structural

Freight differentials often increased the spread in favor of the imported structurals. Purchasers repeatedly emphasized that their purchases of imported structurals were split among a number of sources, including Spain, France, West Germany, […]

1982, United States International Trade Commission, Certain carbon steel products from Spain (page A-49)


Schengen realm

仿譯自德語 Schengenraum；選擇了 realm 的緣由可能是它是發音上最接近 Raum、邏輯上又說得通的詞語。


Kourtney

轉變自姓氏的中性人名，Courtney的變體。


Annika

借自瑞典語 Annika。

源自瑞典語 [in turn 源自希伯來語]的女性人名，Anna 的瑞典語指小形式


Vahag

借自亞美尼亞語 Վահագ (Vahag)，Վահագն (Vahagn) 的指小詞。

亞美尼亞語男性名字指小 Վահագ (Vahag) 的轉寫。


Buloni

借自印地語 बुलोनी (bulonī)。

印地語姓氏 बुलोनी (bulonī) 的轉寫。


Pandeth

借自印地語 पान्डेय (pānḍey)。

印地語姓氏 पान्डेय (pānḍey) 的轉寫。


Koleszar

借自匈牙利語 Koleszár，源自斯拉夫語 Kolesar。

匈牙利語姓氏 Koleszár 的轉寫

Matt Koleszar


Nakamaru

日語姓氏 中丸 的轉寫。


Al-Sayegh

音譯自阿拉伯語 الصائغ。

阿拉伯語姓氏 الصائغ 的轉寫。

Bashar Al-Sayegh


Alsayegh

音譯自阿拉伯語 الصائغ。

阿拉伯語姓氏 الصائغ 的轉寫。


Franko

* 烏克蘭語、波蘭語、斯洛文尼亞語、捷克語和盧森尼亞語姓氏，源自人名 Franko，Francis 的變形。對照Franco。
* 猶太姓氏，為 Frank 的斯拉夫化；和上述姓氏亦有關聯。


Amit

音譯自印地語 अमित (amit)、馬拉地語 अमित (amit)、古吉拉特語 અમિત (amit)、孟加拉語 অমিত (omito) 等。

源自梵語的男性人名 Amitabh 的指小詞。


Amit

音譯自希伯來語 עָמִית ('amít)。

源自希伯來語的男性人名。


rememorate

rememorates (third-person singular present)
rememorating (present participle)
rememorated (past participle)


remanufacture

remanufactures (third-person singular present)
remanufacturing (present participle)
remanufactured (past participle)

rebuild

通过拆卸旧系统、清洁、检查、更换磨损和有缺陷的部件并重新组装，制造出符合标准的新制造系统或子系统

同類詞：overhaul、reassemble、renovate

But used starters and alternators are still remanufactured in the United States, reusing the costly copper wiring in each device and selling them in the $1.5 billion market for replacement starters and alternators.

中國汽車部件進入全球市場

2007年June7日，Keith Bradsher，“Chinese Auto Parts Enter the Global Market [中國汽車部件進入全球市場]”, in New York Times:


remanufacture

同類詞：overhaul、reassembly、renovation


remanufactures

remanufacture 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


remembres

remembre 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


remembre

remembres (third-person singular present)
remembring (present participle)
remembred (past participle)


lie down on the job

lies down on the job (third-person singular present)
lying down on the job (present participle)
lay down on the job (past)
lain down on the job (past participle)


on the job

Unlike your typical office drama, wherein characters’ lives intersect entertainingly both inside and outside work, the premise of Severance rests in the twisted implications of total compartmentalization: What if you could separate out your work memories (and thereby your work self), thereby forming a totally distinct identity while on the job?

April 14 2022，Delia Cai，“Severance, the New York Times’s Twitter Guidelines, and the Forever Illusion of Work-Life Balance”, in Vanity Fair:

以警察身份，正做著警察（與平民相對）


slack off

slacks off (third-person singular present)
slacking off (present participle)
slacked off (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-slack off.wav

Emily is slacking off since this is her last semester; she completely stopped trying to make good grades.

由于这是艾米丽的最后一个学期，所以她开始懈怠了；她完全不再努力取得好成绩。

Thankfully the hail slacked off after a few minutes.

值得庆幸的是，几分钟后冰雹就减弱了。


Carpentier

借自法語 Carpentier (來源於普通名詞 charpentier (“木匠”))，源自諾曼語 Carpentier 和皮卡第語 Carpentier，源自拉丁語 carpentarius。

源自法語的姓氏（Carpenter）


Fisker

源自北日耳曼語支 Fisker。Fisher 的同源對似詞。

源自北日耳曼語支的姓氏。


Ballester

借自西班牙語，源自加泰羅尼亞語，這是西班牙巴倫西亞語／瓦倫西亞語和加泰隆尼亞語／加泰羅尼亞語地區常見的姓氏。

源自加泰羅尼亞語的姓氏。


Margvelashvili

格魯吉亞語 მარგველაშვილი (margvelašvili) 的轉寫。

格魯吉亞語姓氏 მარგველაშვილი (margvelašvili) 的轉寫。

Giorgi Margvelashvili

格奧爾基·馬爾格韋拉什維利，格魯吉亞／喬治亞前總統


Panjikidze

格魯吉亞語 ფანჯიკიძე (panǯiḳiʒe) 的轉寫。

格魯吉亞語姓氏 ფანჯიკიძე (panǯiḳiʒe) 的轉寫。


Saakashvili

格魯吉亞語 სააკაშვილი (saaḳašvili) 的轉寫。

格魯吉亞語姓氏 სააკაშვილი (saaḳašvili) 的轉寫。

Mikheil Saakashvili

米哈伊·薩卡希維利，曾任格魯吉亞／喬治亞總統和烏克蘭敖德薩州州長


Shevardnadze

源自格魯吉亞語 შევარდნაძე (ševardnaʒe)。

格魯吉亞語姓氏 შევარდნაძე (ševardnaʒe) 的轉寫。


Usupashvili

格魯吉亞語 უსუფაშვილი (usupašvili) 的轉寫。

格魯吉亞語姓氏 უსუფაშვილი (usupašvili) 的轉寫。


Pistorius

借自拉丁語 Pistorius，源自 pistor。麵包師或磨坊主的拉丁化姓氏。


Smyth

Smith 的變體，源自中古英語 Smyth。


authorship

We are unaware of the authorship of this book.

我们不知道这本书的作者是谁。


Nobel Prize

此詞可以指獲得獎項的成就，也可以指實物（鍍金獎牌）。


hole in one

holes in one (plural)
hole in ones (plural)

代指罕見、精彩或出色的成就

If we can get the entire thing moved over in a day, it'll be a hole in one with the customer.

如果我们能在一天之内完成全部搬运，对于客户来说这将是一次巨大的成功。


remuda

借自西班牙語 remuda。

加鞍备用马群 （自19世紀）

To one side of the barn was a remuda of work-horses, perhaps twenty in all.

Buddy did not know what his mother was going to do, but he was sure that whatever she did would be right; so he hoisted his saddle on the handiest fresh horse, and loped off to drive in the remuda, feeling certain that his father would move swiftly to save his cattle that ranged back in the foothills, and that the saddle horses would be wanted at a moment's notice.

A big remuda had been driven up, Cayuse ponies mixed with larger American horses.

2013，Philipp Meyer，The Son，Simon & Schuster, 出版於 2014，頁 29:


reptant

源自拉丁語 rēptō (“我爬行”)。


reptin

一种ATP酶，属端粒酶的成分


remixes

remix 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


reputes

repute 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


Lake Superior

源自法語 lac Supérieur (“最上面的湖”)，由17世紀的法國探險家命名，因為其位置在五大湖的最上游，地勢也最高。

蘇必利爾湖（湖名，位於北美洲）


Agopian

借自亞美尼亞語 Ակոբյան (Akobyan)，Հակոբյան (Hakobyan) 的一種形式。


Hamza

借自阿拉伯語 حَمْزَة (ḥamza，字面意思是“獅子”)，源自阿拉伯語詞根 ح م ز (ḥ m z)。

源自阿拉伯語的男性人名。 穆斯林薩哈巴哈姆札


Abrudan

借自羅馬尼亞語 Abrudan。


mussitate

源自拉丁語 mussitō (“保持安静；低语，咕哝”) + -ate (動詞後綴)，源自 mussō (“保持沉默和恭敬；轻声说，低语”)（源自原始印歐語 *mur- (“低语”)，本為擬態詞）+ -itō (反復後綴)。

mussitates (third-person singular present)
mussitating (present participle)
mussitated (past participle)

含糊地說；喃喃自語道（詞語、話語）

As for the Origination of the name Magus, […] others [derive it] from מהגה, one that muſſitates; becauſe the Magi tranſacted al their Incantations by muſſitating or muttering out their vvords.

1676，Theophilus Gale，“Of the Magi, Gymnosophistæ, Druides and Other Barbaric Philosophers”, in The Court of the Gentiles: Or, A Discourse Touching the Traduction of Philosophie from the Scriptures and Jewish Church: […]，第2nd版, London: […] J. Macock for Thomas Gilbert, →OCLC, part II (Of Philosophie), book I (Of Oriental, and Occidental Barbaric Philosophie)，頁 75:

It's not impossible that from the very start / I've been at something akin to / what the Dogon buckoos do: / how they mussitate extended tales by heart / of their gene-myths of their ancestors into / their women's auricles.

2007，Greg Delanty，“The Wordmen”, in The Ship of Birth: Poems，Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State University Press, →ISBN，頁 14:

Jake threw his hat at Hannah and walked to his office with a grin from ear to ear as he mussitated, "and whose fault is that?"

2020年May19日，Richard M. Beloin，“Oil—Hay—Land—Capers”, in The Harrisons，Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, →ISBN:

說話含糊不清；喃喃自語 （自17世紀初）

Let none dare to think as vve hear ſome one or tvvo begins to muſſitate, that the Magiſtrates miſcarriages about the matters of Religion, does forfault him of his right to govern, and ſo cadens titulo, is no more to be ovvned as King.

1681，“an Healing Hand” [pseudonym; John Bairdy]，Balm from Gilead: Or, The Differences about the Indulgence, Stated and Impleaded: […]，London: […] Tho[mas] Cockerill […], →OCLC，頁 162:

Nay, farther, in Isaiah we are taught, concerning those who speak out of the ground, whose voice is as of one who hath a familiar spirit, and whose speech shall whisper, peep, chirp, mutter or mussitate low out of the dust, namely: that they shall be visited of the Lord of hosts with thunder, earthquake, great noise, storm and tempest, and with the flame of devouring fire. (xxix. 4, 6.)

1843，William Elder，“In Relation to the Powers and Prerogatives of the Clergy to Rule and Teach, Claimed to be Immediately from on High Independent of the Laity”, in The Genius of Ecclesiastical Freedom; Comprising the Declaration of Divine Order, Made by the First Convention of the New Church in Union County, Indiana; […]，Cincinnati, Oh.: [s.n.], →OCLC，頁 220:

Enough remains, however, to make one go mussitating in solitary places, like a banished bull μελεος μελεῳ ποδι χηρενων。

1860，Alazon [pseudonym; William Richard Barnes]，“XIX [Lord Brougham, Lord George Gordon, Lessons from the East End Riots, the Author’s Fears, Sponsors, and Lord Ebury’s Letter on Ash-Wednesday]”, in Let Well Alone: Or Removal of Blemishes from Church and State，London: Longman & Co. […], →OCLC，頁 182:

I have now another visitant [a mouse], a much quieter animal: it rustles about a good deal on first entering, but after a while it subsides into a gentle and very peculiar murmuring sound: […] it is really mussitating, i.e., "to gently murmur," […]

1869年April1日，A. Hall，“Notes and Queries. [Habits of House Mice.]”, in Hardwicke’s Science-Gossip: An Illustrated Medium of Interchange and Gossip for Students and Lovers of Nature，卷 V, 期 52, London: Robert Hardwicke, […], 出版於 1870, →OCLC，頁 93，列 1:

The boat chugged up to the little stone jetty / without breaking the skin of the water, stretching, / as black as my stout, from somewhere unspeakable / to here, where the foaming lip mussitates endlessly, / trying, with a nutter's persistence, to read / and re-read the shoreline.

1993，Don Paterson，“The Ferryman’s Arms”, in Nil Nil，London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN，頁 1:

"I, a military man, who might just someday enter politics. Do not cast pearls before gypsies!" he mussitated, walking on, and did not stop until he reached the churchyard, where he faced a peculiar sight.

2014，Magdalena Zyzak，“In which Odolechka is Introduced to the Automobile, a Technology hitherto Largely in the Domain of Rumor”, in The Ballad of Barnabas Pierkiel […]，New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN，頁s 44–45:


recompenses

recompense 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


sorrows

sorrow 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


sorrowed

I was sorrowed to hear of your loss.

听到你失去亲人的消息，我感到非常难过。


sorrowed

sorrow 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


sorrowing

sorrow 的現在時分詞和動名詞


sorrowing

The daily sorrowings of grief and repentance are genuine emotions. It is simply not legitimate to maintain that the real emotions are the initial bursts of high-pitched passions[…]

每天的悲伤和悔恨都是真实的情感。有人说真正的情感是高亢激情的爆发，这是完全不合理的……

2011，Clifford Williams，Existential Reasons for Belief in God:


sentence adverb

disjunct

句子副詞；修飾整個子句或句子而不是單詞或片語的副詞

句子副詞；修飾整個子句或句子而不是單詞或片語的副詞

In every section of this invaluable work new light is thrown on ancient problems - phrasal verbs (bring up, put off), phrasal-prepositional verbs (catch up on, come up with) [...] duratives, sentence adverbs, and so on.

1985，Robert Burchfield，The English Language，Oxford: Oxford University Press，頁 156:


twin city

雙城（兩個相鄰城市組成的都市）

Texarkana, Arkansas, and Texarkana, Texas, are twin cities forming the Texarkana metropolitan area.

阿肯色州特克萨卡纳和德克萨斯州特克萨卡纳是双城，组成特克萨卡纳大都会区。


jog someone's memory

jogs someone's memory (third-person singular present)
jogging someone's memory (present participle)
jogged someone's memory (past participle)


baptises

baptise 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


baptizes

baptize 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


iterant

more iterant (comparative)
most iterant (superlative)


massier

massy 的比較級形式。


nominatum

所指；名詞或名字所命名、指向的事物

However, it is certain that whoever seriously regards the sentence either as true or false also attributes to the name “Odysseus” a nominatum, not only a sense; […]

1987，Anna Whiteside, Michael Issacharoff，On Referring in Literature，頁 71:


nominor

[…] your lordship was pleased to say several things about my fitness in other respects for public business, and about the terms of connexion, in such a case, between a nominor and a nominee.

1842，Jeremy Bentham，The Westminster Review:


commoved

commove 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


commoved

more commoved (comparative)
most commoved (superlative)

The clerk, as I conjectured him to be from his appearance, was also commoved; for, sitting opposite to Mr. Morris, that honest gentleman's terror communicated itself to him, though he wotted not why.

我从他的外表猜测那位职员也很惊慌；因为他坐在莫里斯先生对面，这位诚实绅士的恐惧感传到了他身上，尽管他不知道原因。


organises

organise 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


renunciant

放棄者（尤其是为了精神原因放弃世俗生活的人，或放弃公民身份的人） （自18世紀）

The stereotypical image of the Jain renunciant is a monk (or possibly nun) dutifully sweeping the ground gently before him with a small broom […].

耆那教弃绝者的典型形象是一名僧人（或可能是女僧），用一把小扫帚恭敬地轻轻扫着面前的地面 […] 。

2016，Sunil Khilnani，Incarnations，Penguin, 出版於 2017，頁 10:


renunciant

more renunciant (comparative)
most renunciant (superlative)


reorganizes

reorganize 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


irrecognisable

more irrecognisable (comparative)
most irrecognisable (superlative)


dissensus

源自拉丁語 dissēnsus；或為 dissent + consensus 組成的混成詞。

Now it is apparent that neither the consensus of Christianity with other religions, nor its dissensus from them, nor the absolute or relative superiority which we claim for it, can be made evident without a thorough and methodical comparison of all religions.

1874，Edmund Spiess，“Comparative Study of Religions, in Its Bearing upon Christian Apologetics”, in History, Essays, Orations, and Other Documents of the Sixth General Conference of the Evangelical Alliance, Held in New York, October 2–12, 1873，New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, publishers, Franklin Square, →OCLC，頁 310:

Underlying a real and culturally meaningful general consensus about the wrongness of rape, there can indeed be many contextual dissensuses about rape being okay. Only when we allow a reified conception of consensus to drive out the nuanced understanding in the ethnographic literature of the way people talk when they accuse and excuse crime do we see consensus-dissensus as being an "insoluble inconsistency" ([Christopher] Uggen at 496) at the foundation of the theory.

1998，Integrative Criminology (International Library of Criminology, Criminal Justice & Penology)，Aldershot, Hampshire, Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate Publishing, →ISBN，頁 569:

In this chapter, we explore two forms of dissensus. The first is horizontal dissensus, or that which occurs within a three-judge panel on the courts of appeals. Judges signal this form of dissensus by writing separate opinions that take the form of a dissent or concurrence. The second is vertical dissensus, which occurs when a court of appeals panel disagrees with the lower court over the proper resolution of the case. This form of dissensus is observed when the court of appeals reverses the lower court's decision, either in whole or in part.

2006，Virginia A. Hettinger, Stefanie A. Lindquist, Wendy L. Martinek，“Horizontal and Vertical Dissensus”, in Judging on a Collegial Court: Influences on Federal Appellate Decision Making (Constitutionalism and Democracy)，University of Virginia Press, →ISBN，頁 5:

Certainly parliamentary politics is indebted to the rhetorical culture of addressing issues from opposite views and debating the alternatives pro et contra. In parliamentary procedure dissensus and debate are institutionalised: no motion is approved without a thorough examination of and confrontation among imaginable alternatives.

2014，Kari Palonen, José María Rosales, Tapani Turkka，“Introduction: The Parliamentary Politics of Dissensus”, in The Politics of Dissensus: Parliament in Debate (Social Sciences & Humanities; 2)，Santander: Cantabria University Press; [Madrid]: McGraw-Hill Interamericana de España, →ISBN，頁 3:


repletes

replete 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


match point

He made it to match point three times and still lost, but you can't come much closer than that.

他三次取得赛点，仍然输了，但这已经是最接近的一次了。


deathrate

At ages under 25 years, the deathrate declined sharply. The decline in the deathrate for children under 15 years resulted from the lower diphtheria, scarlet fever and whooping cough rates; among adolescents the lower tuberculosis mortality was the chief factor back of the lower rates.

1922，Statistical Bulletin, Vol III, No. 1，Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.，頁 8:

It is a striking fact, though seemingly little recognized, that the deathrate in the United States has been barely holding its own since 1920, in spite of all the advances in sanitation, medicine and surgery that have taken place.

1931，Henry Pratt Fairchild，“When Our Deathrate Goes Up”, in The Survey, Volume LXVI, No. 11，Survey Associates，頁 510:

During the decade birth and death figures were related to this quite unrepresentative population with the consequence that Salem showed birthrates of over 60 and deathrates of corresponding elevation in gross contradiction to recognized facts.

1932，M. W. M. Yeatts，Census of India, 1931, Volume XIV: Madras, Part I: Report，Government of India Central Publication Branch，頁 27:


fertility rate

In America the fertility rate of recent immigrants tends to be higher than that of native population.

在美國，新移民的生育率往往高於本地人口。

In most industrialized countries the fertility rate has dropped well below replacement rate.

在大多數工業化國家，生育率已遠低於更替率。


darbar

durbar的另一種寫法


manul

借自俄語 ману́л (manúl)，源自蒙古語 мануул (manuul)/ᠮᠠᠨᠤᠤᠯ (manuul)。


Pallas' cat

manul (“兔猻”)之同義詞


VIN

vehicle identification number (“車輛識別號碼”) 之首字母縮略詞。

vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (“外阴上皮内瘤变”) 之首字母縮略詞。


test drive

test-ride

通过使用某事物来进行的初步评估

通过使用某事物来进行的初步评估


test drive

test drives (third-person singular present)
test driving (present participle)
test drove (past)
test driven (past participle)

test-ride

通过使用某物来对其建立初步的评价

通过使用某物来对其建立初步的评价


test drives

test drive 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


test driving

test drive 的現在時分詞和動名詞


test-drive

test-drives (third-person singular present)
test-driving (present participle)
test-drove (past)
test-driven (past participle)


in advance

The money was paid in advance.


in advance of

He travelled in advance of his master, making the necessary arrangements.

他先于主人出发，做好一切必要的安排。


in hand

at hand

佔有著，擁有著，在手頭上 （自10世紀）

on hand

佔有著，擁有著，在手頭上 （自10世紀）

to hand

佔有著，擁有著，在手頭上 （自10世紀）

handy

佔有著，擁有著，在手頭上 （自10世紀）

at the ready

佔有著，擁有著，在手頭上 （自10世紀）

under control

處於掌控之中 （自18世紀）

ignored

正考慮；目前正在處理或解決 （自14世紀）

neglected

正考慮；目前正在處理或解決 （自14世紀）

out of hand

處於掌控之中 （自18世紀）

佔有著，擁有著，在手頭上 （自10世紀）

用手抓著、握著，拿在手裡 （自14世紀）

Pen in hand, I turned back to the letter I was writing.

我握着笔，继续写那封信。

在某人面前 （14世紀–19世紀）

正考慮；目前正在處理或解決 （自14世紀）

'What have they to do with the matter in hand - the murder on this train?'

“他们和当前的事情——这列火车上的谋杀案——有什么关系？”

1934，Agatha Christie，章號 6, in Murder on the Orient Express [東方快車謀殺案]，London: HarperCollins, 出版於 2017，頁 119:

They form part of the vast electrification and reconstruction schemes which have been in hand for a number of years at Liverpool Street, and in suburban Essex, and include the rearrangement of tracks, of which the Ilford flyover forms part; the modern signal boxes, now needed only at key points; the electric control or sub-stations; and a large electric car shed.

1951 January，R. A. H. Weight，“A Railway Recorder in Essex and Hertfordshire”, in Railway Magazine，頁 44:

處於掌控之中 （自18世紀）

You need to get this situation in hand, and fast.

主球沒在桌上，球手還沒把主球放好 （自19世紀）

（賽程中的比賽）還需要參與，還沒比完 （自19世紀）

At the other end […] the Sounders completed a run that had taken them from 15 points off the lead, to first place in the Supporters Shield standings with two games in hand.


out of hand

more out of hand (comparative)
most out of hand (superlative)

offhand

不假思索地，未經深思熟慮地

不假思索地，未經深思熟慮地

The questions covered ranged from those that could be answered out of hand, through those requiring some thought and at least a second interview, to those which presented matters for further research in theoretical statistics.

所涵盖的问题范围很广，有的可以直接回答，有的需要思考并至少进行第二次访谈，还有的需要用理论统计学进一步研究。

1948，University of Michigan Official Publication.，UM Libraries，頁 175:

I still think that advice is sound, because, if justices do decide a case out of hand on the complainant's case, it is argued, as in the present appeal, that they have ruled, as a matter of law, that there was no case to answer.

1954，Justice of the peace and local government review reports.:

He bad to open wyde his brazen gate, / Which long time had bene shut, and out of hond / Proclaymed ioy and peace through all his state [...].

于是下命令将黄铜城门开启，/这扇城门长时间来一直关闭。/宣告举国进入和平欢乐时期， […] 。

1590，Edmund Spenser，譯者 邢怡, The Faerie Queene [仙后]，北京时代华文书局, I.xii:

Now any Man finding in hot Blood, one who with a fore-thought Felony hath murthered his Daughter, may, without tying himself to the Formalities and Circumstances of a Legal Proceeding, kill him on a sudden, and out of hand, without incurring any hazard of being attainted and apprehended by the Officers of Justice for so doing.

现在，任何一个男人如果发现自己的女儿被他人蓄意谋杀，而怒不可遏，则可以在不受法律程序的约束和情况限制的情况下，突然、立即杀死他，而不会因此承担被司法官员判处有期徒刑或逮捕的危险。

1653，Francois Rabelais (佚名譯)，The works of Mr. Francis Rabelais, doctor in physick，卷 2, Navarre society, London:


out of hand

Clean things as you go so that the mess does not get out of hand.

边走边清理，以免杂乱的东西失控。

Figueiredo's troops got out of hand and disgraced themselves by mutilating the Spanish dead and wounded on the field of battle.

1892，James Fitzmaurice-Kelly，The life of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra，London Chapman & Hall, 出版於 1892:

Shepard: The Alliance sent me to bring you in, Major. Can't you see this has gotten out of hand? Don't you understand you're endangering your followers?

谢泼德：少校，联盟派我来接你。难道你看不出来事情已经失控了吗？难道你不明白你正在危及你的追随者吗？

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect，Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：Presrop:


under control

Don't worry; the police have been called and the situation is under control.

别担心，我们已经报警，情况已得到控制。

Throughout the turbulence encounter, the pilots kept the aircraft under control.

在整个遭遇乱流的过程中，飞行员始终控制着飞机。

The control rods absorb neutrons in the reactor core, keeping the fission reaction under control and preventing it from going prompt critical.

控制棒吸收反应堆堆芯中的中子，使裂变反应保持受控，并防止其迅速达到临界状态。


prey on

preys on (third-person singular present)
preying on (present participle)
preyed on (past participle)

Owls prey on small mammals, such as mice.

猫头鹰捕食小型哺乳动物，例如老鼠。

Bradford had preyed on Villa's inability to defend set pieces, corners in particular, in their first-leg win and took advantage of the weakness again as Hanson equalised to restore their two-goal aggregate lead.

在首回合的比赛中，布拉德福德抓住了维拉队防守定位球（尤其是角球）无力的弱点，并再次利用这一弱点，由汉森扳平比分，重新以两球的总比分领先。

2013年January22日，Phil McNulty，“Aston Villa 2-1 Bradford (3-4)”, in BBC:

The food industry and its allies in the agricultural and chemical industries prey on the vulnerable by pumping out barely regulated products at low cost and then marketing them with insidious advertising campaigns.

食品行业及其在农业和化学工业中的盟友以低成本生产几乎不受监管的产品，然后通过阴险的广告活动进行营销，从而欺骗弱势群体。

2018，Kristin Lawless，Formerly known as food, →ISBN，頁 202:

对（某人的思想/想法）造成沉重的负担；折磨著某人的內心

The past—to me, the dreadful past !—is one eternal present ; and the Promethean vulture of remorse preys on me now, and for ever.

过去——对我来说，那是可怕的过去！——是永恒的现在；悔恨，这头普罗米修斯般的秃鹫，不仅是现在，它永远都在折磨着我。

1852，George Payne Rainsford James，“Remorse”, in A Book of the Passions，Henry G. Bohn，頁 2:


preys on

prey on 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


preying on

prey on 的現在時分詞和動名詞


preys

prey 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


preyed on

prey on 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


preying

prey 的現在時分詞和動名詞


preyed

prey 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


polish up

polishes up (third-person singular present)
polishing up (present participle)
polished up (past participle)

hone

提高，改進，磨煉（技能）

polish up on

提高，改進，磨煉（技能）

提高，改進，磨煉（技能）


Chinese gooseberry

因原產華中及華東一帶，且形似醋栗而得名。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Chinese gooseberry.wav


apprehender

Depending on the severeness of the crime and the danger of the suspect, the apprehender may apply physical force in order to stop the pursued and proceed to his apprehension.

根据犯罪的严重程度和犯罪嫌疑人的危险性，逮捕人员可以使用武力来阻止被追捕者并进行逮捕。

1996，Chantal Joubert, Hans Bevers，Schengen Investigated，頁 305:


advertent

inadvertent 的逆構詞。
源自拉丁語 advertent-、advertens，advertere 的現在分詞，源自動詞 adverto (“注意，留意”)。

more advertent (comparative)
most advertent (superlative)

Is he rich, prosperous, great? yet he continues safe, because he continues humble, watchful, advertent, lest he should be deceived and transported

1828，Matthew Hale, David Young，On the Knowledge of Christ Crucified: And Other Divine Contemplations，頁 227:

There is such thing as advertent negligence in which the harm is foreseen as possible or probable.

存在故意疏忽的情况，即可以预见损害是可能发生的。

Until the 1950s, for judges both the conceptual and terminological identification of advertent risk taking — subjective recklessness — often lay submerged within the amorphous notion of 'malice' [....]

1998，Keith John Michael Smith，Lawyers, Legislators and Theorists: Developments in English Criminal Law，頁 283:


animadvertor

IT was ever my Deſire and Care, if it were poſſible, not to fall under the Pen of the Animadvertor;[…]。

1659，Thomas Fuller，“Why the Author desired and hoped never to come under the Pen of the Animadvertor in a Controversal Difference”, in The Appeal of Iniured Innocence: unto the Religious Learned and Ingenuous Reader. In a Controversie Betwixt the Animadvertor Dr. Peter Heylyn and the Author Thomas Fuller.，London: […] W. Godbid, […], part I，頁 2:

While I hold myself ready to substantiate every charge I have made against Highland depopulating proprietors, be it known that I will pay no attention to anonymous animadvertors; I must know my man.

1857，Donald McLeod，Donald McLeod’s Gloomy Memories in the Highlands of Scotland: Versus Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Sunny Memories in (England) a Foreign Land: or a Faithful Picture of the Extirpation of the Celtic Race from the Highlands of Scotland，Toronto: […] the Author, by Thompson & Co., […]，頁 211:

Cleveland’s animadvertors took the blazon seriously, sacrificing humour to analysis and thus losing the debate:[…]。

1996，Joad Raymond，“Paper Bullets: Newsbooks, Pamphlets, and Print Culture”, in The Invention of the Newspaper: English Newsbooks, 1641–1649，Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN，頁 223:


copsa

科普特語沙希地方言聖經手稿


reprehended

reprehend 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


RJ

Rio de Janeiro (“里約熱內盧”)之首字母縮略詞。

Rajasthan (“拉賈斯坦邦”)之首字母縮略詞。


RJ

regional jet (“區域客機”)之首字母縮略詞。


specifically

more specifically (comparative)
most specifically (superlative)

A provision of law may not be construed as requiring a new grant to be awarded to a specified non-Federal Government entity unless that provision of law (1) specifically refers to this subsection; specifically identifies the particular non-Federal Government entity involved; and (3) specifically states that the award to that entity is required by such provision of law in contravention of the policy set forth in subsection (a).

1994，Congress of the United States，美國 Statutes at Large，卷 108, part 4:

Unless specifically waived by the IRB, all subjects, or their legally authorized representatives, must document that they are consenting to participate in any research project that is approved by the University of North Dakota Institutional Review Board.

除非获得IRB的特别豁免，所有受试者或其法定授权代表必须提供文件证明他们同意参加经北达科他大学机构审查委员会批准的任何研究项目。

2009，Institutional Review Board，Standard Operating Procedures: Informed Consent Documentation，University of North Dakota:

Unless a rule or statute specifically states otherwise, a pleading need not be verified or accompanied by an affidavit.

除非规则或法规另有明确规定，否则诉状无需验证或附有宣誓书。

2010，Congress of the United States，“Rule 11”, in Federal Rules of Civil Procedure:

Many laws are directed specifically at child abuse.

许多法律是专门针对虐待儿童的。

2011，Paul Bergman, Sara Berman，The Criminal Law Handbook: Know Your Rights, Survive the System:


Marianas

以西班牙王后奧地利的瑪麗亞納（1634–1696）命名。

馬里亞納群島（群島名，位於太平洋西部）

After refueling and taking on supplies in New Guinea, we steamed north and east to support the landings on Kwajalein and Eniwetok and the thrusts against the island of Truk. We participated in the famous "Turkey Shoot" in the Marianas, during which we decimated the enemy's forces.

在新几内亚加油并补充物资后，我们向北和向东航行，支援夸贾林岛和埃尼威托克岛的登陆以及对特鲁克岛的进攻。我们参加了马里亚纳群岛著名的“火鸡射击”行动，在这次行动中，我们彻底消灭了敌军。

1979，Gerald Ford，“Boyhood—and Beyond”, in A Time to Heal，New York: Berkley Books, 出版於 1980, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 57:


Northern Mariana Islands

Northern Marianas

北馬里亞納群島（太平洋的群島，美國的非合併屬地；法定名稱：Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands）。

As of Wednesday, 97.3% of the eligible population in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or 41,937 individuals, had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19, according to figures provided by the Commonwealth Healthcare Corp.

根据北马里亚纳群岛自由邦医疗保健公司提供的数据，截至周三，北马里亚纳群岛联邦97.3%的符合接种条件的人口（41,937人）已完全接种新冠疫苗。

2022年January24日，K-Andrea Evarose Limol，“97% of eligible population fully vaccinated in CNMI, says CHCC”, in Guam Daily Post，存檔自the original on 2022-05-16:


North Carolina

源自 Carolus，英格蘭國王查理一世（Charles I of England）的拉丁語形式。

/ˌnɔɹθ kɛɹəˈlaɪnə/

/ˌnɔɹθ kæɹəˈlaːnə/

/ˌnɔːθ kæɹəˈlaːnə/

/ˌnɔːθ kæəˈlaːnə/

/ˌnɔːθ kæɹ.əˈlaɪn.ə/

北卡羅來納（州名，位於美國；首都：Raleigh）

The North Carolina legislature has passed a “Taiwan-Friendly Statement,” marking the second year in a row in which all six states in the southeastern US passed bills or statements in support of Taiwan.[…]Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co held a talent recruitment event at Duke University in North Carolina to promote cooperation with Taiwan in the high-tech and electric vehicle industries, one of the state’s major industries, the statement said.

北卡罗来纳州立法机构通过“对台友好声明”，这是美国东南部六个州连续第二年通过支持台湾的法案或声明。 […] 声明称，台湾半导体制造公司在北卡罗来纳州杜克大学举办人才招聘活动，推动与台湾在该州主要产业之一的高科技和电动汽车产业的合作。

2023年June19日，Cheng-yu Yang, Liu Tzu-hsuan，“Southeastern US states all offer Taiwan support”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2023-06-19, Taiwan News，頁 2:


North Dakota

因由原達科他領地北部分出，故名。

/ˈnɔɹθ dəˈkoʊ.tə/

北達科他（州名，位於美國上中西部地區；首都：Bismarck；最大城市：Fargo）。


Novak

一般源自捷克語 Novák 或斯洛伐克語 Novák，有時也可能源自塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 Nȍvāk、斯洛文尼亞語 Novák 或匈牙利語 Novák。


4uck 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


4uck 的現在時分詞和動名詞


4uck 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


representable

more representable (comparative)
most representable (superlative)


reprime

reprimes (third-person singular present)
repriming (present participle)
reprimed (past participle)


demerge

demerges (third-person singular present)
demerging (present participle)
demerged (past participle)


demerge

拉丁語 demergo (“浸沒，淹沒”)。


demerse

源自拉丁語 dēmersus，dēmergere 的過去分詞。參見 merge。

demerses (third-person singular present)
demersing (present participle)
demersed (past participle)


occultate

occultates (third-person singular present)
occultating (present participle)
occultated (past participle)

[…] to occultate the apparent, to manifest the hidden.

[…] 掩盖明显的事物，显现隐藏的事物。

1998，Paul Davies，Romanticism and Esoteric Tradition: Studies in Imagination:


demerges

demerge 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


occular

ocular的拼寫錯誤。

"Has it?" said Arthur, his eyes not wavering for a moment. "It has," said Ford with a similar degree of occular immobility.

1982，Douglas Adams，Life, the Universe and Everything，頁 16:


photocopies

photocopy 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


reprimes

reprime 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


reprobe

reprobes (third-person singular present)
reprobing (present participle)
reprobed (past participle)

重新使用化學探針（通常是在先前的探針被剝離之後）

Nylon membranes are more easily stripped and reprobed.

2001，Alan S. Gerstein，Molecular Biology Problem Solver, →ISBN，頁 433:


reprobes

reprobe 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


reprobing

reprobe 的現在時分詞和動名詞


reprobed

reprobe 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


improbate

源自拉丁語 improbatus，improbare (“不赞成”) 的過去分詞，源自 im- (“不”) + probare (“批准”)。

improbates (third-person singular present)
improbating (present participle)
improbated (past participle)


reprobator

一种古老的诉讼形式，用以证明证人作伪证或有偏见


reproduces

reproduce 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


repugnate

repugnates (third-person singular present)
repugnating (present participle)
repugnated (past participle)


occulture

occult + culture 組成的混成詞。Simon Dwyer 首次在《Rapid Eye》雜誌中使用。後來由 Christopher Partridge 教授使用。

/əˈkʌlt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

亞文化挪用神秘主題（如新時代等）以反對主流文化

UFO religions drink deeply from the waters of occulture, while, at the same time, seeking to reconcile their ideas with a contemporary secular and scientific worldview.

2005，Christopher Partridge，The Re-enchantment of the West，卷 2, →ISBN，頁 167:

With the term occulture I refer to a diverse milieu of spirituality that formed around esoteric discourses, as characterized by Nina Kokkinen in her dissertation about occulture and modern spirituality in turn of the century Finnish art, and its three notable artists Hugo Simberg (1873–1917), Akseli Gallen-Kallela and Pekka Halonen (1865–1933) (Kokkinen 2019: 44).

2020，Mikko Välimäki，“Decadence and occulture: Oscar Parviainen’s art”, in Approaching religion，卷 11, 期 1, →DOI，頁 99:

Conspirituality, in fact, helps describe some of the dynamics and one of the “contexts” in which Italian Pagan conspiracy-believing is embedded—one that, at a more general level, is characterized by what Christopher Partridge (e.g., 2004; 2005; 2014) defined as occulture.

2021，Giovanna Parmigiani，“Magic and Politics: Conspirituality and COVID-19”, in Journal of the American Academy of Religion, →DOI，頁 12:


relatum

源自拉丁語 relatum，referre 的中性過去分詞。

And with respect to secondary processes, whether a PDT becomes an ADT will vary according to both the ADTs a person has acquired through primary acquisition processes (for this determines which objects can be the relata in the relational properties) and according to the individual’s experiential and epistemic history with respect to disgust elicitors.

2003，Christopher Knapp，“De-moralizing Disgustingness”, in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, LXVI, № 2, page 265:

For according to the externalist, the opposing view rests on the idea that “being conscious of” is a genuine relation, that is, a relation whose obtaining entails the existence of its relata.

2007年July12日，Harold Langsam，“Rationality, Justification, and the Internalism/Externalism Debate”, in Erkenntnis，卷 68, 期 1, →DOI:

However we understand the defect, most divine determinists will likely wish to say that the relation of inconformity between act and law obtains (when it does obtain) merely in virtue of the intrinsic natures of the relata. In other words, the relation of inconformity follows merely upon the nonrelational characteristics of the relata.

2019，Peter Furlong，The Challenges of Divine Determinism: A Philosophical Analysis，頁 94:


repressure

repressures (third-person singular present)
repressuring (present participle)
repressured (past participle)

再次加壓；恢復到給定壓力

But rather than repressuring the Ukrainian pipeline system for exports, Russia's gas monopoly, Gazprom, ordered a single test shipment to see if it would pass through Ukraine to Europe, through a pipeline that was being used to supply the Ukrainian city of Odessa.

2009年January14日，Andrew E. Kramer，“Gas Dispute Runs Deeper Than Pipes, Experts Say”, in New York Times:


repressures

repressure 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


repressuring

repressure 的現在時分詞和動名詞


repressured

repressure 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


lumpatious

源自 lump (“塊/瘤/皰”) + -ious，創造於《阿珊與凱特》集數《#臭腦》。

more lumpatious (comparative)
most lumpatious (superlative)

Beck: "My fist just touched Sinjin's fist, weird right?" FEELING: Lumpatious
#*:: 貝克：「我的拳頭剛剛碰到辛晉的拳頭，很奇怪吧？」感想：很可惡

The memory of that scene was now eclipsed as Patrick looked first through, then past, Monique into the same garden, its lovely ambience disfigured by the lumpatious and immovable trio sitting around, waiting to be fed again.

那個場景的記憶如今黯然失色，因為派翠克先是透過莫妮克，再望向她身後的同一個花園。那原本迷人的氛圍如今被坐在那裡、一動不動、討厭的三人組所破壞，他們正等著再一次被餵食。

(Can we date this quote?)，路易阿比科赫，A BLIND BIT OF DIFFERENCE，Lulu.com, →ISBN:

... with Lala and her date Laurie and went off with them. Chelsea saw Darren and she started chatting with him. Barbie and Stacie went around admiring the hall. “This place is top-notch,” Barbie said. “Yeah it's lumpatious,” Stacie.

和拉拉以及她的約會對象勞瑞一起離開了。切爾西看到達倫後便和他聊了起來。芭比和史黛西四處走動，欣賞著大廳的裝潢。「這地方真是頂級啊，」芭比說。「對啊，簡直太噁心了，」史黛西附和道。

2019年November28日，雷納阿羅拉，Secrets in the City，Notion Press, →ISBN:


pongo

源自剛果語 mpongo (“猩猩”)。

南美洲的峽谷，尤指穿過山脊或山脈者


Ijekavian

ijekaviera

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

йекавски изговор

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

jekavština

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

iékavien

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

jékavien

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

ijekavisch

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

iecavo

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

иекавски изговор

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

јекавски изговор

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

jekawski

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

ijekawski

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

иекавский

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

екавский

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

ије́кавица

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

ије́кавскӣ и̏згово̄р

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

је́кавскӣ

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

ијекавштина

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

јекавштина

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

ијекавица

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

јекавица

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

ijékavica

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

ijékavskī ȉzgovōr

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

jékavskī

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

ijekavština

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

jekavština

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

ijekavica

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

jekavica

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

iyecavo

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

иєкавиця

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

иєкавська вимова

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言連續體

詞彙 Ijekavian 和 Jekavian 為同義詞，兩者分別源自塞爾維亞-克羅埃西亞語的 ijékavskī/ије́кавскӣ 和 jékavskī/је́кавскӣ，在源語言中兩者亦為同義詞。

耶方言；塞爾維亞-克羅埃西亞語／塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語的一種方言、一組方言或一組方言連續體，通用於克羅埃西亞／克羅地亞大部分地區、波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維那／波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納以及塞爾維亞部分地區，其特點是將通用斯拉夫語的 jat（古西里爾字母：ѣ、格拉哥里字母：ⱑ，羅馬化：/ě/）讀成雙音節的 /ije/ 或雙元音 /je/ 序列。


Ikavian

ikaviera

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

икавски изговор

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ikavien

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ikavisch

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

icavo

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

икавски изговор

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

икавица

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ikavisk

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ikawski

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

икавски

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ikavski

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

икавски изговор

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ikavski izgovor

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

икавица

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ikavica

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

икавштина

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ikavština

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ikaviskt

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ікавиця

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

икавська вимова

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

伊方言；塞爾維亞-克羅埃西亞語／塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語的一種方言或一組方言，主要在克羅埃西亞／克羅地亞沿海地區使用，其特點是將通用斯拉夫語的 jat（古西里爾字母：ѣ、格拉哥里字母：ⱑ，羅馬化：/ě/）讀成 /i/。


Ekavian

ekaviera

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

екавски изговор

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ekavština

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ékavien

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ekavisch

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ecavo

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

екавски изговор

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ekawski

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ekavski

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

екавски

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ekavski izgovor

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

екавски изговор

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

екавица

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ekavica

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

екавштина

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

ekavština

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

екавиця

塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

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塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語方言組

埃方言；塞爾維亞-克羅埃西亞語／塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語的一種方言或一組方言，主要使用於塞爾維亞，其特點是將通用斯拉夫語的 jat（古西里爾字母：ѣ、格拉哥里字母：ⱑ，羅馬化：/ě/）讀成 /e/.


-itude

借自中古法語 -itude，源自拉丁語 -(i)tūdō。

若以 -itude 結尾的名詞要加後綴，則要插入 -in-，如rectitude → rectitudinous。


-tude

-itude的另一種寫法


marre

marres (third-person singular present)
marring (present participle)
marred (past participle)

For commonlie, many scholemasters, some, as I haue seen, moe, as I haue heard tell, be of so crooked a nature, as, when they meete with a hard witted scholer, they rather breake him, than bowe him, rather marre him, then mend him.


basti

借自印地語 बस्ती (bastī，“定居點”)。

There is a dreary bustee in the neighbourhood which is said to make the most of any cholera that may be going.

附近有一所阴暗的贫民窟，据说这里是霍乱爆发的最主要地点。

1891，Rudyard Kipling，The City Of Dreadful Night:

With the population growth in the jhopadpattis, favelas, bastis and bidonvilles higher than any other environment in the world, we are seeing the emergence of Megaslums, where one million urban poor live in an area measuring just 1.5 square miles.

由于各种贫民窟和小城镇的人口增长速度高于世界上任何其他地区，我们看到了巨型贫民窟的出现，在面积仅为1.5平方英里的区域内居住着一百万城市贫民。

2012，Sarwant Singh，New Mega Trends: Implications for Our Future Lives，頁 63:

Her mother-in-law, in her half-delirious state, was sure that their basti would be broken down and had aggressively begun to push her sons to buy a plot of land elsewhere.

她半昏迷的婆婆确信他们所居住的贫民窟会被拆毁，并开始积极敦促她的儿子们去其他地方购买一块土地。

2023，Radhika Iyengar，Fire on the Ganges，Fourth Estate，頁 294:


bastonades

bastonade 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


bastonade

bastonades (third-person singular present)
bastonading (present participle)
bastonaded (past participle)

以棍棒擊打（多指打腳底）

A lady, injured by an Austrian soldier, reproached him, and was bastonaded. Repeating her reproaches while under the bastonado, she was bastonaded more.

1851，Theodore Dwight，The Roman Republic of 1849:


bastonading

bastonade 的現在時分詞和動名詞


bastonaded

bastonade 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


PS

一些祖語名稱的縮寫： Proto-Slavic（原始斯拉夫語）

一些祖語名稱的縮寫： Proto-Semitic（原始閃米特語）

一些祖語名稱的縮寫： Proto-Sahaptian（原始薩哈潑丁語）

PowerShell，微軟公司開發的任務自動化和組態管理架構


PS

同類詞：PO、post、mail

USPS

public school (“公立學校”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：SS、TS

power supply (“電源供應”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：PU、PM、PA

police sergeant (“警长”)之首字母縮略詞。，一些英聯邦國家的警銜

同類詞：S、GS、PGS、SG、PSG

post scriptum, postscriptum, postscript (“附言”)之首字母縮略詞。

其他形式：P.S.、p.s.、ps.

PS I love you.


Knut

Cnut (“歷史地名”)的另一種寫法


Gunter

借自德語 Gunther，源自原始西日耳曼語 *Gunþihari，源自原始日耳曼語 *Gunþiharjaz。

源自日耳曼語族的男性人名，用於中世紀的英格蘭

城市名，位於美國德克薩斯州格雷森。


Hein

源自德語、荷蘭語、低地德語、丹麥語和猶太姓氏，全部都源自日耳曼語族人名 Heinrich 的前半部分。


antiabortion

more antiabortion (comparative)
most antiabortion (superlative)

Antiabortion activists pointed out that immigrant families, many of them Catholic, were larger and would soon outpopulate native-born white Yankees and threaten their political power.

反堕胎活动人士指出，移民家庭（其中许多是天主教徒）规模更大，很快就会超过土生土长的北方白人，并威胁到他们的政治权力。

1996，Leslie J. Reagan，When Abortion Was a Crime:

The news reporters tell us that conservatives are antiabortion, anti–gun control, antidiversity, antienvironment, antieverything.

新闻记者告诉我们，保守派反对堕胎、反对枪支管制、反对多样性、反对环境、反对一切。

2001，Gordon K. Durnil，The Making of a Conservative Environmentalist，頁 182:


anti-abortion

more anti-abortion (comparative)
most anti-abortion (superlative)


antiabortionist

源自 antiabortion + -ist 或 anti- + abortionist。


brainrot

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-brainrot.wav


brain rot

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-brain rot.wav

大腦腐蝕：精神能力、智力、常識或道德品格的退化

While England endeavors to cure the potato-rot, will not any endeavor to cure the brain-rot, which prevails so much more widely and fatally?

1854, Henry David Thoreau, Walden (1897 printing), page 501:

And then our parents decided that comics books were to blame for their children's brain rot, tossing most of these halftone gems in the garbage.

2016 April，Tom Royer，“Rated M for Millennials”, in Mankato Magazine，出版於 2017，頁 25:

I carried with me a vague awareness of the political state of the world. I had actual views on things. I made mid-conversation gags that mostly paid off. And yet, four months into babyland and I have reached brain rot.

2020 January，Joanna Ellner，“Diary Of A Mum: Part 6”, in Baby，出版於 2019，頁 61:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:brain rot。

被認為沒有什麼藝術價值的媒體，和/或對其消費者有負面影響的媒體

[…] I remember that I had to stay home and receive a stern lecture on the evils of Tinseltown brainrot.

1978，Lionel Menuhin Rolfe，The Menuhins: A Family Odyssey，頁 47:

It could be a great album, like Big Star’s Radio City, or it could be one composed entirely of what I deemed to be drab, scum-sucking brainrot, like The Stereophonics’ Performance And Cocktails.

So this winter, I'll chill on the couch watching The Only Way Is Essex or some similar brainrot instead, happy it'll be over in a^([sic]) hour […]
因此这个冬天，我会窝在沙发上看《埃塞克斯是唯一的生活方式》或类似的烂片，很高兴一小时后它就会播完 […]

2011, John Vannisselroy, "Reality bites: we need less English Premier League", TNT Magazine, 15 August 2011 - 21 August 2011, page 52:

We need to hold out hope and wish for the best for Gen Alpha as they are truly capable. But with the polarization of the current times and brainrot they are encountering online, it’s hard.

2023，Nunzio Amon，“The Future of Gen Alpha”, in Medium:

Implicit in the idea of brain rot is the fear that those who spend too much time on screens will become less intelligent, such as 'iPad Kids', Gen Z and Gen Alpha children raised in the digital age.

2024年February8日，Shivé Prema，“What is 'brain rot'? Do you have it?”, in SBS News:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:brain rot。

痴迷於某種媒體作品的狀態

Jojo^([sic]) brain rot is real because why have I just spent the last 10 minutes thinking who'd be better at parallel parking-

I said they both can't act, I still liked the prequels and the acolyte, but it could just be the star wars brain rot that got me lol


overtourism

As evidenced in the overtourism concept, residents may become resentful of the intrusions of visitors and visitors' impacts on their ways of living (Figure 9.2). Thus, it is essential that residents are involved and have a strong say […]

正如过度旅游概念所表明的那样，居民可能会对游客的侵扰以及游客对其生活方式的影响感到不满（图 9.2）。因此，让居民参与并拥有强大的发言权至关重要 […]

2018，Alastair M. Morrison，Marketing and Managing Tourism Destinations [旅游目的地营销与管理]，Routledge, →ISBN，頁 94:

If tourism is a capitalist phenomenon, overtourism is its demented late-capitalist cousin: selfie-stick deaths, all-you-can-eat ships docking at historic ports, stag nights that end in property crimes, the live-streaming of the ruination of fragile natural habitats, et cetera.

如果说旅游业是一种资本主义现象，那么过度旅游就是其疯狂的晚期资本主义表亲：自拍杆致死、停靠在历史港口的自助餐船只、以财产犯罪告终的单身派对、破坏脆弱自然栖息地的现场直播，等等。

2019年June4日，Annie Lowrey，“Too Many People Want to Travel [太多人想旅行]”, in The Atlantic:

After years in the making, Venice will on Thursday begin charging day trippers to enter the city in an effort to protect the Unesco world heritage site from the effects of over-tourism.

经过多年的酝酿，威尼斯将于周四开始向一日游游客收取入城费用，以保护这处联合国教科文组织世界遗产免受过度旅游的影响。

2024年April24日，Angela Giuffrida，“Venice access fee: what is it and how much does it cost? [威尼斯入场费：是什么？要花多少钱？]”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:


rawdogging

rawdog 的現在時分詞和動名詞


rawdog

rawdogs (third-person singular present)
rawdogging (present participle)
rawdogged (past participle)

raw dog的另一種寫法


Hribar

借自斯洛文尼亞語 Hribar，源自 hrib。

源自斯洛文尼亞語的姓氏。


etomidate

源自 eth(yl) + -o- + (i)mid(azole) + (carboxyl)ate。


accelerans

借自拉丁語 accelerāns (“正加速”)。

通过释放去甲肾上腺素来加快心跳的神经


-fold

源自中古英語 -fold、-fald、-fauld，繼承自古英語 -feald，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *-falþaz，源自原始印歐語 *-poltos，源自 *pel- (“折疊”)。同源詞包括荷蘭語 -voud、瑞典語 -faldig、拉丁語 -plus、-plex、古希臘語 -παλτος (-paltos)、-πλος (-plos)、-πλόος (-plóos)。參見 fold。

有些人会用类似 "an increase by twofold" 的结构表示 "a twofold increase"。这可能会导致混淆，因为 "an increase by twofold" 的逻辑翻译意味着“原始金额增加200% ”，而后者意味着“增加到原始金额的200%”。应谨慎避免这种混淆。通常，-fold 不带介词。

在科学语境中，有时会在数字后面附加“-fold”（含义相同），例如 M.C. Stone 等人在 2010 年发表的一篇论文，其摘要中提到 "10-fold up-regulation of the number of growing microtubules"（生长微管数量增加到了原來的10倍）。

There has been a threefold increase in inflation

The cancer tissue in two of the ... specimens ... exhibited a dramatic 23-fold increase in the laminin-receptor-mRNA levels.
两个标本中的癌症组织显示层粘连蛋白受体mRNA水平急剧增加到了原來的23倍。

1991, Vittoria Cioce; Vince Castronovo; Barry M. Shmookler; et. al, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, "Increased Expression of the Laminin Receptor in Human Colon Cancer" [1]

"[Use] of a decimal without a zero to the left of the decimal (ie .5 instead of 0.5) has resulted in 10-fold error[.]

“[使用]小数点左边没有零的小数（即 .5 而不是 0.5）会导致10倍的误差[。]

2011，Joel. E. Houghlum，Principles of Pharmacology for Athletic Trainers:

Ezekiel outlines the harlotry of Judah followed by a thirty-two-fold judgment.

2013，Jerome Strong，Spiritual Musings II: Sermons, Musings & Exegesis:

Inflation has increased threefold

A publication ... entitled "The Sixth Financial and Economical Annual of Japan" ... issued in 1906 ... says: ¶ "...[O]ur export trade had in ... thirty-two years increased thirty-four-fold with Asia, twenty-three-fold with America, and five-fold with Europe[.]

1906年出版的《日本第六届财政经济年鉴》中写道：“三十二年来，我们与亚洲的出口贸易增长到了原來的三十四倍，与美洲的出口贸易增长到了原來的二十三倍，与欧洲的出口贸易增长到了原來的五倍。”

c. 1906，Silk Association of America，XXXV Annual Meeting of the Silk Association of America:

His potatoes yielded forty-onefold in 1816 and his barley thirty-twofold in 1818.

1816年，他的土豆产量增加到了原來的41倍，1818年，他的大麦产量增加到了原來的32倍。

2011，James R. Gibson，Farming the Frontier:

In contrast, the number of Asian foreign born would increase twenty-two-fold to more than 11 million, and the number of Latin American foreign born would increase twenty-three-fold to 22 million.

相比之下，出生于亚洲的外国人口数量将增加到原來的22倍，达到1100多万人，出生于拉丁美洲的外国人口数量将增加到原來的23倍，达到2200万人。

2014，Thomas R. Oliver，Guide to U.S. Health and Health Care Policy:


bases loaded

He's had four hits this week with the bases loaded.

本周他在满垒的情况下已经打出四支安打。


HUD

An explosion just made us an exit! I'll mark it on your HUD, Chief, go!

2007年September25日，Bungie，Halo 3，spoken by Cortana (Jen Taylor), Microsoft Game Studios, Xbox 360，關卡/區域：Cortana:


HUD

Department of Housing and Urban Development (“美國住宅及城市發展部”) 之首字母縮略詞。

Folks were divided on whether to blame him or his wife for selling it to a developer cashing in on HUD money.

2003，Toni Morrison，Love，Vintage (2016)，頁 45:


HUD

how you doing (“你好嗎”)之首字母縮略詞。


sandbox game

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sandbox game.wav

This was the ultimate sandbox game. By providing a simple, yet rich simulation, it gave the user the tools with which to create his own fun.

这是一款终极沙盒游戏。通过提供简单但丰富的模拟，它为用户提供了创造乐趣的工具。

2004，Tracy Fullerton, Christopher Swain, Steven Hoffman，Game design workshop: designing, prototyping, and playtesting games [游戏设计研讨会：设计、原型设计和游戏测试]:

In contrast, a sandbox game such as Civilization operates more like a hobby […]

相比之下，《文明》等沙盒游戏更像是一种消遣 […]

2007，Katie Salen，The ecology of games: connecting youth, games, and learning [游戏生态：连接青少年、游戏和学习]:

[…] the sequel to the military-themed sandbox game known as Mercenaries […]

[…] 军事主题沙盒游戏《雇佣兵》的续作 […]


propulse

propulses (third-person singular present)
propulsing (present participle)
propulsed (past participle)

all succours were clerely estopped and propulsed from them

1550，Edward Halle，The Vnion of the Two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke:


propulses

propulse的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


propulsed

propulse 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


suade

借自拉丁語 suādēre。

suades (third-person singular present)
suading (present participle)
suaded (past participle)

Howsomeber, she wuz so mad wid Jeff dat she 'suaded herse'f she did n' keer

1899，Charles W. Chesnutt，Hot-Foot Hannibal:


appellate

可受理上訴的（尤其是受理下级法院判决上诉的法院）

In this game of bluff and counter-bluff, the parlementaires calculated that their absence – which entailed much of the country being without an appellate jurisdiction – would force the government to treat for terms.

2002，Colin Jones，The Great Nation，Penguin, 出版於 2003，頁 228:


appulse

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-appulse.wav

朝着或反对某事物的有力运动；推动，打击

[T]he vivacity of these trains of ideas, passing in the imagination, is greatly increased by […] their not being disturbed or dissevered either by the appluses of external bodies, as in surprize; or by our voluntary exertions in comparing them with our previous knowledge of things, as in reasoning upon them.

1789，Erasmus Darwin，The Loves of the Plants，J. Johnson，頁 47:

两个天体的接近；合相或掩星


convinces

convince 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


impingent

more impingent (comparative)
most impingent (superlative)


impinges

impinge 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


repellet

repellets (third-person singular present)
repelleting (present participle)
repelleted (past participle)


repulses

repulse 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


suades

suade 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


Naga

那加人（主要居住於印度那加蘭邦、操藏緬語族的黃種人的統稱）


-ren

children 和 brethren 的逆構詞，最終繼承自中古英語 -ren、-eren (複合複數後綴)，源自中古英語 -re、-ere（源自古英語 -ru (複數後綴)）+ 中古英語 -en（源自古英語 -an (複數後綴)）。

在標準英語中，這個後綴只用於 children。方言中可能會有一些非標準的用法，如 calveren (對應 calves)、lambren (對應 lambs)。brethren 和 sistren 的後綴其實是 -en，-r- 是隨詞幹進入的（(brother、sister）。

As Ciddy and child had slept soundly under Omeriah's roof, a group of young "kidren" playing outside sang a "ring song" […]

2006，Timothy White，Catch a fire: the life of Bob Marley:

Unruly kidren would fling rockstone after him.

不守规矩的孩子会向他扔石头。

This exercise will help you develop the skills to tell your ninja brethren (and sistren and thingren) apart. Simply match the name of each famous ninja with his/her/its deadly eyes.

这项练习将帮助你培养区分忍者兄弟（以及姐妹和事物）的技能。只需将每个著名忍者的名字与他/她/它的致命眼神相匹配即可。

2008，Douglas Sarine, Kent Nichols，The Ninja Handbook:


SVP

同類詞：JVP

As the SVP of Talent Development and Chief Diversity Officer of L’Oréal, he and his team are working to ensure 50% of the 1,000 key positions around the world at L’Oréal are held by women.
作为欧莱雅人才发展高级副总裁兼首席多元化官，他和他的团队致力于确保欧莱雅全球1,000个关键职位中50%由女性担任。


t'

繼承自中古英語 that，繼承自古英語 þæt (中性定冠詞及關係代詞)。

t’ 在元音前时，通常和后面的词连在一起拼写和发音。例：He can't make up his mind if he wants one or t’other (= He can't make up his mind if he wants one or the other) 當中，t’other 讀作 [ˈtʊðə]，按發音可拼寫作 tother。

t’ 在輔音前時，讀若聲門塞音。例：I’m going down t’ road to see me mam ( = I’m going down the road to see my mother) 當中，down t’ 讀作 [daʊnʔ]，類似 down + 聲門塞音。

t’ 有時根本不發音，只是前音的短暫停頓或延長。雖不發音，但仍與不帶定冠詞的形式有所不同：對比 in t’ woods [ɪnː ˈwʊdz] 和 in woods [ɪn ˈwʊdz]。

不熟悉该用法的使用者有时会将其发音为 [tʰ] 或 [tʰə]，要么是故意嘲讽，要么是确实不知道。

the的北英格蘭寫法 (尤其是約克郡方言的特徵，但也見於蘭開夏、德比郡和諾丁漢)

“the”的縮略（尤其用於口語）


requinto

乐器（通常是吉他）较小但音调较高的版本


absolvitor

借自拉丁語 absolvitor (字面意思是“让他被宣告无罪”)，absolvō (“我赦免、宣告无罪”) 的第三人稱單數將來被動命令式。對照absolutory。

法院在某一诉讼中作出的有利于被告的裁决或命令

Pitmedden purſues Seaton of Menzies as Repreſenting his Father, who was one of the Purſuers Brothers Tutors, for his Fathers Intromiſſion with the Pupils Means, who alleadged Abſolvitor.

1668 December 19, James Dalrymple, “Mr. Alexander Seaton contra Menzies” in The Deciſions of the Lords of Council & Seſſion I (Edinburgh, 1683), page 575:


absolvitur

參見 absolviture 和 absolvitor。用 absolvitur 代替 absolvitor 是錯誤用法：absolvō 的正確動詞變位形式是第三人稱單數將來時被動命令式 absolvitor (“让他被赦免”)，而非第三人稱單數現在時被動直陳式 absolvitur (“他被赦免”)。


agnorant

more agnorant (comparative)
most agnorant (superlative)

The doings of some persons are all kinds of agnorant, mixed with a vacuous oral character that can make you feel a headlock.

2015年November13日，Papa Seyni Faye，The Reign of Svengali，Books on Demand Editions, →ISBN，頁 256:

Ok, I know that sounds really agnorant, however, by the time we were wrapping up the Video Announcements, YouTube was really just becoming a amuch stronger medium.

2017年November20日，Doug Sheehy，Agnorance - Memoirs, Musings and Madness by Doug，Lulu.com, →ISBN，頁 58:

“What kind of person claims to be agnorant you might ask,” Sheehy wrote in his book. “One who is bold enough to create his own pseudonym and yet still arrogant enough to put his name on the title of the book.”

“你可能会问，什么样的人会自称无知，”希伊在书中写道。“一个人大胆到用自己的笔名写作，却又无知而傲慢到把自己的真名写在书名上。”

2018年September4日，Jerry Davich，“Are you infected by the social disease of 'agnorance'?”, in Chicago Tribune，存檔自the original on 2021-06-21:

And if I say I don't want to be around someone, it's because I know they're an idiot and I refuse to put myself in that situation. Why should I? Because after they've said their racist/bigoted/stupid thing, and I've shot them down (or bit my tongue), they go on with their lives unchanged, because they're arrogant and ignorant (I'm going to coin the phrase “agnorant” henceforth).

2019年November30日，Craig Hallam，Down Days，Inspired Quill, →ISBN:


apostatizes

apostatize 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


intimin

紧密黏附素（大肠杆菌某些菌株的粘附素）


meliorator

Who can fault Ralph Waldo Emerson for observing that “the greatest meliorator of the world is selfish, huckstering trade?”

2007年October21日，Harry Hurt Iii，“A Lens on Wealth, 源自All the Angles”, in New York Times:


noverint

法律文件中经常出现的拉丁词，nōscō (“知道，认识”) 的一种形式。


recuperator

可能借自拉丁語 recuperator (“恢復者”)，或是英語內部造詞：recuperate + -or。


requeries

requery 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


requisitum

所要求的东西；问题所要求的答案


requesting

request 的現在時分詞和動名詞


Prokop

源自捷克語、波蘭語、烏克蘭語和白俄羅斯語人名 Prokop。


lexicalise

lexicalises (third-person singular present)
lexicalising (present participle)
lexicalised (past participle)


lexicalising

lexicalise 的現在時分詞和動名詞


lexicalised

lexicalise 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


lignifies

lignify 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


lexicalises

lexicalise 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


palatalizes

palatalize 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


Vtuber

VTuber的大小寫替代形式


unidentified flying object

一般認為是美國空軍上尉愛德華·魯佩爾特 (1923–1960) 所造，用來代替 flying saucer 和 flying disk。

The lights seen over the city last night, originally termed unidentified flying objects, turned out to be spotlights from a car dealership reflecting on low clouds.

昨晚在城市上空看到的光亮最初被看作不明飞行物，后来被证实是一家汽车经销店发出的聚光灯反射在低云层上。

The U.S. and Canada are investigating three unidentified flying objects shot down over North America in the past three days. Militaries have adjusted radars to try to spot more incursions.

美国和加拿大正在调查过去三天在北美上空被击落的三架不明飞行物。军方已调整雷达以试图发现更多入侵事件。

2023年February12日，Julian E. Barnes, Helene Cooper, Edward Wong，“What’s Going On Up There? Theories but No Answers in Shootdowns of Mystery Craft.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


Le Petit-Quevilly

小克維伊（市鎮名，位於法國諾曼第大區濱海塞納department省盧昂區）。


Abdi

男性人名，Abdul的變體


Abdurrahman

Abdelrahman 的異體。最常見於尼日利亞和土耳其。


Abelard

源自法語 Abélard，Abel + 日耳曼語族後綴 -(h)ard。亦可能來自德語 Eberhard，等價於英語 Everett。

/ˈæb.əˌlɑɹd/

源自日耳曼語族的男性人名。


Agan

* 愛爾蘭語姓氏：可能是 Egan 的異體拼寫。
* 瑞士（(阿勒曼尼語）姓氏：Eggen 的美國化。


Agron

古典借詞，源自古希臘語 Ἄγρων (Ágrōn)。

阿格龙，一位伊利里亞人的國王


Aziz

源自阿拉伯語 عَزِيز (ʕazīz，“親愛的”)。


Ain

安省（省名，位於法國奧弗涅-隆-阿爾卑斯；首都：Bourg-en-Bresse）


Alban

借自拉丁語 Albānus (“阿爾巴的居民”)。

雖然是第一位有記錄英國殉道者的名字，這個名字卻一直在英語中很少見。

Forsooth, a blind man at Saint Alban's shrine

:Template:RQ:Shakespeare Henry 6-2: Act II, Scene I

圣奥尔本，3-4世紀的基督教殉道者

The first Christian martyr in Britain was called Alban.

1905，Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall，Our Island Story，頁 26:


Alban

借自拉丁語 Albānus (“阿爾巴的居民”)。

But beside this, there existed at Lavinium another tradition, which inverts the order of things by stating that Lavinium was an Alban colony, founded by six hundred Alban families.

1847，Leonhard Schmitz，A History of Rome:From the Earliest Times to the Death of Commodus, A.D. 192，Harper & brothers，頁 14:

Now the Alban dynasti bore the name of Silvii or Wood, and it can hardly be without significance that in the vision of the historic glories of Rome revealed to Aeneas in the underworld, Virgil, an antiquary as well as a poet, should represent all the line of Silvii as crowned with oak.

1922，Sir James George Frazer，AThe Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion，Forgotten Books，頁 152:

Reminded of the Alban king’s descent from Silvius, the son of Aeneas, Vergil’s reader must judge the crime of Mettus and his gruesome punishment with greater horror and revulsion.

1998，Robert Alan Gurval，Actium and Augustus: The Politics and Emotions of Civil War，University of Michigan Press，頁 223:

At some point during the Picto-Gaelic fusion, St Andrew was adopted as patron of the Alban kingdom.

2011，Norman Davies，Vanished Kingdoms，Penguin, 出版於 2012，頁 66:


Alvin

繼承自古英語 Ælfwine，源自 ælf (“精靈”) + wine (“朋友”)。

在英國一向罕用，但19世紀在美國曾流行過。

地方名，位於美國： 地區名，位於科羅拉多州尤馬。

地方名，位於美國： 非建制社區名，位於佐治亞州麥迪遜。

地方名，位於美國： 村名，位於伊利諾伊州弗米利恩南羅斯Township。

地方名，位於美國： 非建制社區名，位於密歇根州阿爾科納米卡多Township。

城市名，位於德克薩斯州布拉佐里亞，以聖塔菲的鐵路公司員工 Alvin Morgan 命名。

鎮及非建制社區名，位於威斯康辛州福雷斯，以浸信会牧师 Alvin Spencer 命名。

地區名，位於加拿大不列顛哥倫比亞低陸平原。


Ary

源自希伯來語的男性人名，Arieh的變體。


Adrien

出自父名的姓氏，借自法語 Adrien。主要見於海地。


Hadrian

源自拉丁語 Hadrianus (“Hadria 城的”)，源自伊特拉斯坎語 𐌇𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌀 (hatria)，可能源自威尼托語 adur (“水”)，與英語 water、拉丁語 unda、古希臘語 ὕδωρ (húdōr)有關，均源自原始印歐語 *wódr̥。Adrian 的同源對似詞。參見 Adria。

源自拉丁語的男性人名，Adrian的變體。


Adriana

源自拉丁語和伊特拉斯坎語的女性人名，Adrian 的陰性形式

Some other mistress hath thy sweet aspects, / I am not Adriana, nor thy wife

c. 1594，William Shakespeare，“The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene 2]:


Adrianna

源自拉丁語的女性人名，Adriana的變體。


Adrienne

What I needed was an exciting name and I would give myself one. I was reading a book where the heroine's name was Adrienne. I printed that as my first name. Now what would go well with Adrienne? I peered over my shoulder at the little girl in back of me. Her name was Mary Frances Carroll. Frances...I thought. No, that's not exotic enough. Francine. Francine. That was beautiful. I printed in: FRANCINE.

1962，Jane Trahey，Life with Mother Superior，頁 4:


resects

resect 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


resecting

resect 的現在時分詞和動名詞


resected

resect 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


religiology

Religiology has to manage its own evaluation. If not, a serious shortcoming is created. On the other hand this leads to a theologising of ethnology and religiology. And neither ethnology nor religiology is theology!

宗教学必须管理好自己的评价。否则，就会产生严重的缺陷。另一方面，这会导致民族学和宗教学的神学化。而民族学和宗教学都不是神学！

1982，I[gnatius] J[ohannes] Van der Walt，“Religiology and Ethno-Religiology”, in Defining Ethnology and Religious Science，Potchefstroom: Universum, section 6 (Christian Religiology)，頁 46:

Since beauty and ugliness, rightness and wrongness, wisdom and folly, income and expenditures all involve goodness and badness, then understanding the general, specific, and particular problems in aesthetics, ethics, religiology, and economics, etc., involve understanding goodness and badness.

由于美与丑、是与非、智慧与愚昧、收入与支出都涉及善与恶，因此，理解美学、伦理学、宗教学、经济学等领域的一般、具体和特殊问题，都涉及理解善与恶。

1993，Archie J. Bahm，“Why Axiology?”, in Axiology: The Science of Values (Value inquiry book series; volume 2)，Amsterdam, Atlanta, Ga.: Rodopi, →ISBN, section 1 (Axiology as a Science), subsection B (Axiology Is the Most Basic Value Science)，頁s 4–5:

Nor should it be assumed that theology and religiology are fundamentally incompatible kinds of discipline.

也不应假设神学和宗教学是根本不相容的学科。

1994，Peter Moore，“Religions as Systems”, in Aspects of Religion: Essays in Honour of Ninian Smart，Peter Lang, →ISBN，頁 55:


rescribe

rescribes (third-person singular present)
rescribing (present participle)
rescribed (past participle)

Whenever a Prince on his being consulted by any one rescribes or writes back in this manner, he seems to dispense with that act.

1726，John Ayliffe，Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani:


risques

risque 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


reality television

Live, Reality Television

1991, Fred D'Ignazio, "D'Iversions", COMPUTE, November 1991, COMPUTE Publications, page G–22:


calqued

calque 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


Yoon

借自朝鮮語 윤(尹) (Yun)。


black market

起於1930年代左右，可能仿譯自德語 Schwarzmarkt，該詞在1910年代就已出現。對照Schwärzer (“走私者”，18世紀)。

Peace and order will not be tolerated. Start saving your cash for the black market, folks, you're gonna need it.

和平与秩序是不会得到容忍的。开始为黑市存钱吧，朋友们，你们会需要钱的。

2004，George Carlin，“THE FANATICS WILL WIN [狂热分子将获胜]”, in When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops? [耶稣何时带来猪排？]，New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN，頁 135:

In District 12, a dirt-poor coal-mining community that looks like a Dorothea Lange photograph, Katniss Everdeen (Jennifer Lawrence) quietly rebels against the system by hunting game in a forbidden area with her friend Gale (Liam Hemsworth) and trading it on the black market.

第12区是一个极度贫困的煤矿社区，看起来就像多萝西娅·兰格的照片中那样，凯特尼斯·伊夫狄恩（詹妮弗·劳伦斯饰）和她的朋友盖尔（利亚姆·海姆斯沃斯饰）在禁区内打猎，然后将猎物拿到黑市上交易，以此悄悄地反抗这个制度。

2012年March22日，Scott Tobias，“The Hunger Games [饥饿游戏]”, in AV Club:

Increasing numbers of people are turning to a growing black market for food to supplement their diets as prices rocket, experts have said.

专家表示，随着食品价格飞涨，越来越多的人转向日益壮大的黑市购买食品来补充日常饮食。

2023年December22日，Robyn Vinter，“Britons increasingly turning to food black market, experts say [专家称，越来越多英国人开始在食品黑市上买吃的]”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

從事黑市交易的人；黑市行業

associational black market


tip of the iceberg

漂浮在海面上的冰山通常只露出其十分之一體積。20世紀初的用法據信受到了泰坦尼克號撞擊冰山後沉沒事故的影響。

tips of icebergs (plural)
tips of the icebergs (plural)

/ˈtɪp‿əv ðiː ˈaɪsbɜːɡ/

/ˈtɪp‿əv ði ˈaɪsbɝɡ/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-tip of the iceberg.ogg

This is only the tip of the iceberg. Our time together can become much more exciting.

这只是冰山一角。我们在一起的时光可以变得更加精彩。

The exposed tip of the iceberg, the recognized illness that brings a man to his doctor, is relatively small compared with the hidden mass of undetected disease, or 'at risk' people, in the population.

暴露出来的冰山一角，即导致人们去看医生的已知疾病，与人群中未被发现的大量疾病或“高危”人群相比，相对较小。

1970，J. K. Brierley，“The Iceberg of Disease”, in Biology and the Social Crisis: A Social Biology for Everyman，第1st American版, Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press; Cranbury, N.J.: Associated University Presses, →ISBN，頁 117:

Records document nineteen legal cases involving the charge of sodomy and five executions from 1607 to 1740, although this is no doubt just the tip of the iceberg of actual incidents. Even the minimal evidence we do have suggests that ordinary people, in contrast to the ministers and legislators, did not always harshly judge people accused of same-sex sexuality.

记录显示，从1607年到1740年，有19起涉及鸡奸指控的法律案件和5起处决，尽管这无疑只是实际事件的冰山一角。即使我们掌握的最低限度的证据也表明，与牧师和立法者不同，普通人并不总是严厉地评判被指控同性恋的人。

1999，Leila J. Rupp，“In the Beginning: Same-sex Sexuality in Early America”, in A Desired Past: A Short History of Same-sex Love in America，Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN，頁 30:

[O]nly a tiny portion of disagreements—the proverbial tip of the iceberg—ever ends up in court. Most agreements drop out along the way, either because they are settled or because the allegedly wronged party decides that the potential costs of proceeding outweigh the potential benefits

只有一小部分（俗话说是冰山一角）分歧最终诉诸法庭。大多数协议在诉讼过程中被搁置，要么是因为已经达成和解，要么是因为据称受害的一方认为诉讼的潜在成本大于潜在收益

2001，Kathryn Hendley，“Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg: Business Disputes in Russia”, in Assessing the Value of Law in Transition Economies，Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, →ISBN，頁 20:

This collection is not even the tip of the human remains iceberg, according to Damien Huffer, an adjunct research professor at Carleton University in Canada. Collectors across the world have much larger collections than JonsBones, he said, and the trade far predates TikTok.

加拿大卡尔顿大学兼职研究教授达 Damien Huffer 表示，这些藏品甚至还只是人类遗骸的冰山一角。他说，世界各地的收藏家拥有的藏品比乔恩斯的藏品多得多，而且这种贸易远早于 TikTok 的出现。

2021年October10日，Caroline Anders，“A TikTok bone salesman’s wall of spines reignites ethical debate over selling human remains”, in The Washington Post:


Madhya Pradesh

音譯自印地語 मध्य प्रदेश (madhya pradeś，字面意思是“中部省”)。

/ˌmɑːdjə pɹəˈdɛʃ/

中央邦（邦名，位於印度中部；首都：Bhopal）。


esguard

對照古法語 esgart (“看，視”)、法語 égard。參見 guard。

One of th' Esguard.

1616-19, Beaumont and Fletcher, The Knight of Malta


abjudicate

借自拉丁語 abiūdicātus，abiūdicō (“通过司法判决剥夺”) 的完成時被動分詞，源自 ab (“遠，離”) + iūdicō (“作出判断；决定，得出结论”)。abjudge 的同源對似詞。参见 judge。

abjudicates (third-person singular present)
abjudicating (present participle)
abjudicated (past participle)

abjudge (“經司法判決剝奪”)之同義詞


abjudicates

abjudicate 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


abjudicating

abjudicate 的現在時分詞和動名詞


abjudicated

abjudicate 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


abjudge

ab- + judge，源自拉丁語 abiudicare。abjudicate 的同源對似詞。

abjudges (third-person singular present)
abjudging (present participle)
abjudged (past participle)

/ˈæbˌd͡ʒəd͡ʒ/

/æbˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ/

經司法判決剝奪，裁定剝奪


abjudges

abjudge 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


abjudging

abjudge 的現在時分詞和動名詞


abjudged

abjudge 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


execrate

源自拉丁語 exsecrārī、execrārī，源自 ex (“出”) + sacrāre (“奉献；注定毁灭或被诅咒”)。

execrates (third-person singular present)
execrating (present participle)
execrated (past participle)

/ˈɛɡzɪkɹeɪt/

And were I not a thing for you and me
 To execrate in angish, you would be
 As indigent a stranger to surprise,
 I fear, as I was once, and as unwise.

1932，Edwin Arlington Robinson，“Prodigal Son”, in Nicodemus:


execrates

execrate 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


execrating

execrate 的現在時分詞和動名詞


execrated

execrate 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


abietine

abietin的另一種拼寫法


detester

I exclaimed, with sparkling eyes and a rapturous accent, "you are not profligate; are a stranger to the manners of this house, and a detester of these manners?

1889，Charles Brockden Brown，Arthur Mervyn:

In a short time a jealous feud sprang up between the loving friends Rinaldo and Orlando; and Angelica, torn with conflicting emotions, from her dread on her father's account as well as her own, and her aversion to every knight but her detester, was at one time compelled to apply to Orlando for assistance, and at another, being afraid that he would have the better of Rinaldo in combat, to send him away on a perilous adventure elsewhere, with a promise of accepting his love should he succeed.

1846，Leigh Hunt，Stories from the Italian Poets= With Lives of the Writers, Vol. 2:

We give the fact as it occurs in Bannatyne's Journal, only premising that the Journalist held his master's opinions, both with respect to the Earl of Cassilis as an opposer of the king's party, and as being a detester of the practice of granting church revenues to titulars, instead of their being devoted to pious uses, such as the support of the clergy, expense of schools, and the relief of the national poor.


troppo

源自 tropical + -o (指小後綴)。最早由二戰時期在熱帶地區作戰的澳大利亞軍隊使用，意思是“受熱帶戰爭的影響”。

瘋狂的，發瘋的，行為怪異的（尤指因炎熱天氣引起的）

Barry′s gone troppo and married that sheila he′s only known for two weeks.

Barry 簡直瘋了，他跟認識才兩星期的女人結婚了。

After three months by himself on his ‘dream’ tropical island he went troppo and smashed all the equipment.

在他“梦想”的热带岛屿上独自待了三个月后，他发疯并砸坏了所有设备。

‘[…]She calls these rehearsals my singing lessons - but at least I don′t have people rushing in thinking I′ve gone troppo . . .’
‘Except me.’ Violet′s smile lingered as she gazed at him.

For a lone Digger gone troppo, as Joe is deemed to have done, it is a realistic scenario.

2009，Paul Tapp，Disquiet - the Justifiable Homicide of an Australian Vietnam Veteran，頁 121:

"[The Northern Territory has] got the same sort of flavour to it, probably a bit more frontier. Overall, it's the tropics and they go troppo. The beer's cold and the weather's hot and they drink too much.

2016年March15日，David Dale，“John Jarratt talks new show Territory Cops and a murderous return in Wolf Creek”, in The Sydney Morning Herald:


acceding

accede 的現在時分詞和動名詞


associate professor

China's current economic challenges will be an "important factor" in Mr Xi's negotiations and "would lead to a stronger desire to stabilise the economic, trade and investment relations with the US", Li Mingjiang, an associate professor at Singapore's S Rajaratnam School of International Studies, told the BBC.

新加坡拉惹勒南国际研究院副教授李明江向BBC表示，中国当前面临的经济挑战将成为习近平谈判的一个“重要因素”，并且“将促使中国更强烈地渴望稳定与美国的经济、贸易和投资关系”。

2023年November15日，Tessa Wong，“Xi Jinping arrives in US as his Chinese Dream sputters”, in BBC:


castor oil

/ˈkɑː.stə ˌɔɪl/

同類詞：olive oil、palm oil、更多相關詞

Every six months, spoonfuls of castor oil were administered to combat constipation.

每六个月，给孩子喂一勺蓖麻油来缓解便秘。

2020，Avni Doshi，Burnt Sugar，Hamish Hamilton，頁 127:


accedes

accede 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


gaikokujin

gaikokujins (plural)
gaikokujin (plural)


accrescent

源自拉丁語 accrescens、accrescentis（accrescere 的現在分詞），源自 ad + crescere (“生長，成長”)。

more accrescent (comparative)
most accrescent (superlative)

whose living growth is more and more conspicuous , and daily ornamented with new appearances of accrescent variety and alteration

1728，Samuel Shuckford，The Sacred and Profane History of the World:

持續生長（到本應停止生長並開始枯萎程度）的

The fruiting calyx is accrescent, covering all or most of the fruit.
果萼增大，覆盖全部或大部分果实。

2012, Bean, "A taxonomic revision of the Solanum echinatum group (Solanaceae)", Phytotaxa 57:33–50, doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.57.1.6


cabrit

cabrée (“叉角羚”)的過時形式。


accresce

借自拉丁語 accrescere。accrease 的同源對似詞。參見 accrue。

accresces (third-person singular present)
accrescing (present participle)
accresced (past participle)


accresces

accresce 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


slays

slay 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


slaying

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-slaying.wav

slay 的現在時分詞和動名詞


slaying

The slaying of the civil rights activist brought a storm of protest.

这位民权活动人士的遇害引发了强烈的抗议。

Slay not your children, fearing a fall to poverty, We shall provide for them and for you. Lo! the slaying of them is great sin.

你们不要因为怕贫穷而杀害自己的儿女，我供给他们和你们。杀害他们确是大罪。

1930，Marmaduke Pickthall（譯者）, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran, surah 17, verse 31:


slayed

slay 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


Addis Abeba

此為埃塞俄比亞測繪局所用的拼法。


ominate

源自拉丁語 ominatus，ominari (“預示”) 的過去分詞，源自 omen。

ominates (third-person singular present)
ominating (present participle)
ominated (past participle)


fiat money

fiat moneys (plural)
fiat monies (plural)


legal tender

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-legal tender.wav


swear word

When I heard swear words from the next room, I decided to keep my distance.

当我听到隔壁房间传来的脏话时，我决定保持距离。


accusator

源自書面法語 accusateur，源自拉丁語 accūsātōrem，accūsātor (“控訴者；原告”) 的賓格單數。accuser 的同源對似詞。


accusable

借自拉丁語 accūsābilis (“應受指責的，應受譴責的”)，等同於 accuse + -able；對比法語 accusable。

more accusable (comparative)
most accusable (superlative)

If you publish that article, you are accusable of libel.

如果你发表那篇文章，你就会被指控诽谤。


accusatrix

源自拉丁語 accūsātrīx (“女控訴者”)。參見 -trix。


Mutsu

借自日語 陸奥 (Mutsu，“陸奧國”)，日本舊令制國名，也是這種蘋果的栽培地。


platypuses

Victoria's Healesville Sanctuary is celebrating the births of two baby platypuses, in a major milestone.

维多利亚州希尔斯维尔自然保护区正在庆祝两只鸭嘴兽宝宝的出生，这是一个重要的里程碑。

2008年March2日，“Captive platypus twins make history”, in ABC News:


platypi

* 出現帶 -i 的複數，主要是以為 platypus 屬拉丁語第二類變格名詞，但實際上並非如此，應為希臘語第三類變格名詞。其規則變化複數為 platypuses；還有希臘語式複數 platypodes。


pugne

pugnes (third-person singular present)
pugning (present participle)
pugned (past participle)


punies

"Be-dabs, if the whole gin-works hain't got the punies. Even the mare tuck a spell today. She wouldn't eat corn nor shuck."

1980，James Still，The run for the Elbertas，頁 35:

Other days, when I tried to get up despite feeling weak, she would inform me that I had a case of "the punies" and ought to stay in the tank.

2003，Mark O'Brien with Gillian Kendall, How I became a human being: a disabled man's quest for independence，頁 152:

“I brung my boy. He's got the punies and I want the doc to take a look at him.”

2008，Carolyn Jourdan，Heart in the Right Place，頁 222:


CIDR

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (“無類別域間路由”) 之首字母縮略詞。


CIDR

controlled internal drug release (“受控制體內藥物釋放”)之首字母縮略詞。


recognoscing

recognosce 的現在時分詞和動名詞


recognosced

recognosce 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


arreca

areca的另一種拼寫法

The plain appears like paradiſe reſtored, where the proud cypreſs and tall arreca ſeem walking by the margin of the paſſing ſtream.

1769，Firishta，譯者 Alexander Dow, Tales translated from the Persian of Inatulla of Delhi，卷 I, Dublin: P. and W. Wilson et al.，頁 iv:


procures

procure 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


rubber stamp

一個人、組織或過程，例行地或沒有實權地做出決策或批准事務。

rubber stamp politics

rubber stamp committee


rubber stamp

用硬性橡皮所製成的印章。

The library had a rubber stamp to imprint the due date.

圖書館有一個橡皮圖章來印上截止日期。

例行地或作為一種形式批准其他人或組織決定的事項的個人或組織。


rubber stamp

rubber stamps (third-person singular present)
rubber stamping (present participle)
rubber stamped (past participle)

例行公事地處理、批准或決定事務，而不是經過仔細考慮。

They usually just rubber stamp orders under $100.

他們通常例行公事地處理 100 美元以下的訂單。


rubber stamps

rubber stamp 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


acclamate

acclamates (third-person singular present)
acclamating (present participle)
acclamated (past participle)


sacrificati

早期基督教会中，那些因受迫害而向偶像献祭，但后来又忏悔归来的人


sarcle

sarcles (third-person singular present)
sarcling (present participle)
sarcled (past participle)


sacrifier

从献祭中获得实际利益的个人或团体


teju

tegu (“南美蜥蜴”)的另一種寫法

As a guide to start your collection we'd suggest either iguanas, tejus, swifts, basilisks, horned toads or alligator lizards.


dzo

借自藏語 མཛོ (mdzo)。

同類詞：(雌性) dzomo


bbl

一般認為來自 bl（代表 barrel：b⸺l），反映了前几个世纪特别常用的一种缩写方式（對比 do ← ditto），兩個相同的字母代表複數，例如 p. = page，而 pp. = pages；l. = line，而 ll. = lines；这种方法不仅用于英语，也用于学术新拉丁语和其他受其影响很大的现代语言，例如西班牙语：EE. UU.。按照這種方法來看，有時候會出現的添加後綴 -s 表示複數的情況（如 5 bbls 或 5 bbls.）應該是使用者沒弄清楚單位縮寫的規則，所以加了個冗餘的後綴，類似 miles per gallon 縮寫為 MPG，本身就帶了複數，但有人會將其複數寫成 MPGs。

barrel (“桶”)之縮寫。
表示原油的量

measured in 1000-bbl units

At present prices, cylindrical steel tankage in 55,000-bbl. units costs approximately 73c. per barrel storage.

按照目前的价格计算，55,000桶圆柱形钢制储罐的储存成本约为每桶73美分。

1920年May8日，H. T. Carlton，“New design for oil tankage”, in Engineering and Mining Journal，卷 109, 期 19, retrieved 2023-03-05，頁 1079:

The overflush consisted of 100 bbls of uncrosslinked 3000 ppm polymer, followed by one wellbore volume (~150 bbls) plus 450 bbls crude behind pipe.

1995，Proceedings, International Meeting on Petroleum Engineering，頁 63:

barrel (“桶”)之縮寫。
指其他東西（如食品）运输或销售的桶的量

5 bbls. flour

[…]5 hhds. rum/ 5 bbls. flour/ 1 bbl. sugar/ 9 do. pork/ 1 do. suett/ 3 do. cocoa/ 6 do. peas/ 2 ullage bbls. vinegar[…]
 […] 5升朗姆酒/5桶面粉/1桶糖/9勺猪肉/1勺羊脂/3勺可可/6勺豌豆/2桶醋 […]

1815 Niles Weekly Register volume 8, Supplement, p. 152. From an inventory of the frigate Confiance:

4 bbl. vinegar $32.00, 3 bbl. cider part full $6.50

4桶醋32.00美元，3桶苹果酒6.50美元

1881，Ulster County, New York, County Legislature，Minutes of the Board of Supervisors of Ulster County，頁 234:

barrel (“桶”)之縮寫。
化油器中文氏管的量

1-bbl carburetor

4-bbl carburetor

three 2-bbl carbs


salaries

salary 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


vro

由美國的說唱歌手XXXTentacion在2015年造出（見下方的引文），源自 bro，指的是他所在的團體“Very Rare”。

通常用於指 XXXTentacion 和他創作的歌曲。

bro (“兄弟”，用於稱呼男性朋友)之同義詞

My bitch don't love me no mo', ayy / She kick me out, I'm like "Vro", ayy

2015年December30日，“Look at Me” (開頭起0:17，), in Revenge，演出者 XXXTentacion:

How is you feelin', vro? Uh / Feelin' like the Four, I feel fantastic

2017年April22日，“BabyWipe” (開頭起0:14，), in You Will Regret，演出者 Ski Mask the Slump God:

Hang with the bros 'cause you know blood thicker / I miss my vros, so we pour more liquor

2019年May31日，“Wish” (開頭起1:00，), in Zuu，演出者 Denzel Curry:


sacrificer

In this you’have made the Court the Antipodes,
And will’d your Delegate, the vulgar Sunne,
To doe profane autumnall offices,
Whilst here to you, wee sacrificers runne;

1631，John Donne，“To the Countesse of Bedford”, in Poems，London: John Marriot, 出版於 1633, p:

[…] no sacrifice is valid unless the sacrificer lay his hand upon the head of the victim.

1908，Helen Keller，章號 3, in The World I Live In，New York: Century，頁 35:


sacrifies

sacrify 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


sarcles

sarcle 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


satisfice

最早記錄於1560年，為 satisfy 的北部方言，可能受到拉丁語 satisfacere 的影響。

satisfices (third-person singular present)
satisficing (present participle)
satisficed (past participle)


satisfice

satisfy + suffice 組成的混成詞，由美國的政治學家、心理學家司馬賀在1956年造出。

做出足以满足实现目标的最低要求的选择

Evidently, organisms adapt well enough to ‘satisfice’; they do not, in general, ‘optimize’.

1956，H[erbert] A. Simon，“Rational Choice and the Structure of the Environment”, in Psychological Review，卷 63, 期 2，頁 129:

[T]here are two contrasting types of decision-making mentalities, maximizing and satisficing. If you're choosing a marriage partner, you probably want to maximize. You want to find the very best person you are totally in love with. […] But politics is not like that. Politics is a prosaic activity most of the time. You probably want to satisfice, pick the person who's good enough, who seems reasonably responsible.

2015年December4日，David Brooks，“No, Donald Trump won't win [print version: International New York Times, 5–6 December 2015, page 9]”, in The New York Times，存檔自the original on 2015-12-16:


hippier

hippy 的比較級形式。

hippie 的比較級形式。


Adamec

借自捷克語和斯洛伐克語 Adamec。

源自捷克語和斯洛伐克語的姓氏。


yrn

Yfwd, K2 tog, yrn twice, K1 tbl, K2, K1 tbl, yrn twice,[…]

1986，Frances Kennett, Dorothea Hall，The gentle arts，頁 84:


salinise

salinises (third-person singular present)
salinising (present participle)
salinised (past participle)

salinize在非牛津英式的标准拼写


salinising

salinise 的現在時分詞和動名詞


salinised

salinise 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


saltee

源自意大利語 soldo。

One day he would gather more than I in three; another, to hear his tale, it had rained kicks all day in lieu of “saltees,” and that is pennies.

1862，Charles Reade，The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages，頁 242:


salinises

salinise 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


utility knife

同類詞：pocketknife、penknife


ast

asked的發音拼寫，ask 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞

Curley said, "Well, I didn't mean nothing, Slim. I just ast you."

科利说：“好吧，斯林姆，我没什么恶意。我只是问问你。”

1937，John Steinbeck，Of Mice and Men [人鼠之間]，Penguin Books Limited, 出版於 2000, →ISBN:

I just ast her.

1988年October21日，Bryan Miller，“Strangers in a Train Station [火车站里的陌生人]”, in Chicago Reader:


vap

無味的，平淡的（尤其指酒）


Piedmontese

Piedmonteses (plural)
Piedmontese (plural)

皮埃蒙特牛，出產於皮埃蒙特地區的牛品種


Bangsamoro

源自馬來語 bangsa (“國家，民族”) + Moro (“摩洛人，菲律賓穆斯林”)。

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

邦薩莫洛，邦薩摩洛（自治區名，位於菲律賓南部）。

BARMM

邦薩莫洛，邦薩摩洛（自治區名，位於菲律賓南部）。

邦薩莫洛，邦薩摩洛（自治區名，位於菲律賓南部）。

分體詞：Basilan、Lanao del Sur、Maguindanao del Norte、Maguindanao del Sur、Special Geographic Area、Tawi-Tawi


peh

pe (“閃米特語字母”)的另一種寫法


wuh

what的發音拼寫：wha的另一種寫法


reparate

借自拉丁語 reparātus，reparō (“修理，修復”) 的完成分詞。

/ˈɹɛpəˌɹeɪt/


reparate

借自拉丁語 reparātus，reparō (“修理，修復”) 的完成分詞。

reparates (third-person singular present)
reparating (present participle)
reparated (past participle)

/ˈɹɛpəˌɹeɪt/


reparate

/ˈɹɛpəˌɹeɪt/


reparandum

言语中的错误，随后由说话者纠正


reparent

reparents (third-person singular present)
reparenting (present participle)
reparented (past participle)

再次接受早期养育技巧（如摇晃和喂食）以治疗依恋障碍

改变数据结构中对象的父级

If the client reparents the window away from root, the window is no longer a top-level window.

1995，Adrian Nye, David Flanagan，Programmer's supplement for release 6 of the X Window System:


repart

reparts (third-person singular present)
reparting (present participle)
reparted (past participle)


replicant

源自拉丁語 replicāns，replicō 的現在分詞。科幻義項由 David Peoples 在1982年電影《銀翼殺手》中造出。

more replicant (comparative)
most replicant (superlative)


religiolect

religio- + lect，由纽约大学希伯来语和犹太教研究教授本杰明·哈里 (Benjamin Hary) 创造。

宗教方言，宗教團體所使用的語言變體

A religiolect is a language variety with its own history and development, which is used by a religious community.

宗教方言是宗教团体使用的一种语言变体，具有其自身历史和发展。

2012，Benjimin Hary，“Judeo-Arabic as a Mixed Language”, in Middle Arabic and Mixed Arabic: Diachrony and Synchrony，Leiden, Boston: BRILL，頁 125:

For purposes of discussion and analysis, it is convenient to divide the history of the religiolect into the following periods: Pre-Islamic Judeo-Arabic, Early Judeo-Arabic (eighth/ninth to tenth centuries), Classical Judeo-Arabic (tenth and fifteenth centuries), and Contemporary Judeo-Arabic (twentieth century).

为了讨论和分析的目的，可以方便地将宗教方言的历史分为以下几个时期：前伊斯兰犹太-阿拉伯语、早期犹太-阿拉伯语（八/九至十世纪）、古典犹太-阿拉伯语（十和十五世纪）和当代犹太-阿拉伯语（二十世纪）。

2016，Benjimin Hary，“'Arabi Dyālna (Our Arabic): The History and Politics of Judeo-Arabic”, in Languages of Modern Jewish Cultures: Comparative Perspectives，Leiden, Boston: University of Michigan Press，頁 304:

A concept that I find perfectly captures the essence of Norse spirituality is that of a "religiolect". Just as a lialect encodes a local variant of speech, this term does the same for religion, combining belief and practice in a discrete package that could be activated in particular places or social situations.

2020，Neil Price，“Meeting the Others”, in The Children of Ash and Elm: A History of the Vikings，Penguin UK:

Creating an Indian nation or even just larger regional identifications with Indian states, remains quite a challenge. Thus, Mahatma Gandhi tried to develop what linguist Rocky Miranda calls a "middle language," accessible to Hindus and Muslims alike, e.g. by avoiding Sanskrit elements in his Hindi, while some Muslim intellectuals correspondingly reduced Arabic elements in their Urdu in order to bridge between the two closely related religiolects of Hindi and Urdu.

创建一个印度民族，甚至只是与印度各邦建立更大的区域认同，仍然是一项艰巨的挑战。因此，圣雄甘地试图发展语言学家洛基·米兰达所说的“中间语言”，让印度教徒和穆斯林都能使用，例如在他的印地语中避免使用梵语元素，而一些穆斯林知识分子则相应地减少了乌尔都语中的阿拉伯语元素，以便在印地语和乌尔都语这两种密切相关的宗教方言之间架起桥梁。

2014，Martin J. Wein, Benjamin Hary，“Meeting the Others”, in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam: Collaboration and Conflict in the Age of Diaspora，Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press:


sonically

The artifact was cleaned sonically in the ultrasonic cleaner tank in mere seconds.

仅用几秒钟的时间，文物就在超声波清洗槽中被清洗干净。


marg

margarita (“瑪格麗特雞尾酒”) 的截斷形式。

I'm wedged in between a couple of squealing woo girls who are guzzling margs like it's last call […]


marg

借自印地語 मार्ग (mārg)。marga 的同源對似詞。

偶尔用于拥有大量印度裔人口的海外地区，如英格兰布拉德福德有 Gobind Marg。


critiques

critique 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


recensure

recensures (third-person singular present)
recensuring (present participle)
recensured (past participle)


Gandhara

借自梵語 गन्धार (gandhāra)。


B.C.

A group of eleven inscribed tablets of jade and stone, dating from about the sixth century B.C., is said to have been discovered around 1940 at Ch’in-yang, Honan.

据说1940年左右在河南沁阳发现了一组十一块刻有铭文的玉石碑，其年代约为公元前六世纪。

1962，Tsuen-hsuin Tsien，“Engravings on Stone and Jade [石刻与玉刻]”, in Written on Bamboo and Silk: the Beginnings of Chinese Books and Inscriptions [书于竹与帛：中国书籍与碑文的开端]，University of Chicago Press, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 84:

Several fragments of reddish-brown clay statuettes of the Hongshan culture, found at Dongshanzui in Kazuo county, Liaoning province and dating to 3500 B.C., all seem to be kneeling or seated figures of about half life-size or smaller.

辽宁省喀左县东山嘴出土了数件可追溯至公元前3500年的红山文化红褐色泥塑残片，全部为跪姿或坐姿，大小约为真人的一半或更小。

1997，Helmut Brinker，“On the Origin of the Human Image in Chinese Art [论中国艺术中人物形象的起源]”, in "Visions of Man in Chinese Art" with Selected Japanese Paintings [“中国艺术中的人物形象”附日本画选集]，Kaikodo, →ISBN, →OCLC，頁 28:

The following year ten thosuand Hsiung-nu cavalry invaded Shang-ku,⁹⁶ but in 121 B.C. General Huo Ch’ü-ping, at the head of ten thousand cavalry, setting off from Lung-hsi⁹⁷ marched for over one thousand li, crossed the Yen-chih Mountains,⁹⁸ and attacked the Hsiung-nu.

次年，一万名匈奴骑兵侵入上谷。公元前121年，将军霍去病率领一万骑兵，从陇西出发，行军千余里，越过焉支山，攻打匈奴。

2002，Nicola Di Cosmo，“From Peace to War: China's Shift from Appeasement to Military Engagement [从和平到战争：中国从绥靖政策到军事参与的转变]”, in Ancient China and Its Enemies: The Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History [古代中国及其敌人：东亚历史上游牧民族的崛起]，Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 239:

A Swedish geologist turned archaeologist, Johan Gunnar Andersson, for example led the project that led to the discovery of the “Peking Man” fossils, in the 1920s, at the site of Zhoukoudian, dating to circa 200,000 to 700,000 years ago, and also helped establish evidence of “prehistoric” culture, in the form of early painted ceramics at the Neolithic site of Yangshao, dating to circa 5,000 to 3,000 B.C.

中国考古学已进入黄金时代——西方却忽视了它

2021年May11日，Rowan K. Flad，“It’s a golden age for Chinese archaeology — and the West is ignoring it [中国考古学已进入黄金时代——西方却忽视了它]”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2021-05-11, PostEverything:


standard-bearer

The standard-bearer in battle is in the center of the front line so the following troops know where to go; unfortunately, it also shows the enemy where to shoot.

战斗中旗手位于前线的中央，以便跟在后面的部队知道要去哪里；不幸的是，它也向敌人显示了应该向哪里射击。

He became the standard-bearer for their cause because of his celebrity.

由于他的名人效应，他成为了他们事业的旗手。


Najib

借自阿拉伯語 نَجِيب (najīb)。


habits

habit 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


scrape together

scrapes together (third-person singular present)
scraping together (present participle)
scraped together (past participle)

艱難湊齊、積攢（多指錢）


rustle up

rustles up (third-person singular present)
rustling up (present participle)
rustled up (past participle)

I'll see if I can rustle up a meal before the guests start arriving in 30 minutes.

我看看能否在30分钟后客人到达之前准备好一顿饭。


rake together

rakes together (third-person singular present)
raking together (present participle)
raked together (past participle)

艱難湊齊、積攢（多指錢）


scratch together

scratches together (third-person singular present)
scratching together (present participle)
scratched together (past participle)

艱難湊齊、積攢（多指錢）


ballboy

ball boy的另一種拼寫法


inemuri

上學或工作時打盹（學習或工作努力的象徵）


CAG

commander of the air group (“联队长”)之首字母縮略詞。

compound annual growth (“复合年均增长率”)之首字母縮略詞。

Comptroller and Auditor General (“主计审计长”)之首字母縮略詞。

coronary artery graft (“冠状动脉移植术”)之首字母縮略詞。

编码三联体胞嘧啶（C）、腺嘌呤（A）、鸟嘌呤（G）的核碱基


CAG

The Church of Almighty God (“全能神教會”)之首字母縮略詞。


tbs

tbsp

tablespoon (“餐匙”，計量單位)之縮寫。

tablespoon (“餐匙”，計量單位)之縮寫。


TBS

Turner Broadcasting System (“透納廣播公司”)之首字母縮略詞。

The Basic School (“海军陆战队基础学校”)之首字母縮略詞。


cag

繼承自中古英語 kag，源自北日耳曼語支，與古諾爾斯語 kaggi、瑞典語 kagge 有關。


cag

源自英格蘭方言，繼承自中古英語 *kagge，可能源自古諾爾斯語 *kagi、*kaggi，源自原始日耳曼語 *kagô (“灌木，树桩”)。同源詞包括德語 Kag (“卷心菜茎，树桩”，方言)、瑞典語 kage (“树桩”)。可能與古諾爾斯語 kaggi (“桶，木桶，小桶”) 來自同一詞根。 chag 的同源對似詞。

树枝被砍断后留在树或灌木上的突出部分；樹樁

布片上的一个角形裂口或裂缝


cag

不確定。同源詞包括低地蘇格蘭語 kag、kagg (“惹恼，悲伤”)。可能繼承自中古英語 caggen (“绑住，束缚”)，可能源自或與古諾爾斯語 kǫgurr (“被子，毯子，床罩，棺材布”) 有關。或可能與新挪威語 kjaka (“争吵，骚扰”) 有關。

cags (third-person singular present)
cagging (present participle)
cagged (past participle)

If a little petulance be discovered in SPRING's printed reply, perhaps it was cagged out of him by the very unceremonious manner of approach adopted by Langan and Reynolds […]

1824，Pierce Egan，Boxiana; Or, Sketches of Ancient and Modern Pugilism，頁 344:


TJM

Tai Ji Men Qigong Academy (“太極門氣功養生學會”)之首字母縮略詞。


AROPL

Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light (“艾哈邁迪和平與光明之宗教”)之首字母縮略詞。


excusably

more excusably (comparative)
most excusably (superlative)


manifestate

manifestates (third-person singular present)
manifestating (present participle)
manifestated (past participle)