PSP

Program Segment Prefix (“程序段前缀”)之首字母縮略詞。

progressive supranuclear palsy (“進行性上眼神經核麻痺症”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：CBD、MSA

The seller reassured me that I’d have the chance to “QC” (quality-check) the “PSPs” (pre-shipment photos).

卖家向我保证，我有机会对“PSP”（装运前照片）进行“QC”（质量检查）。

2023年May4日，Amy X. Wang, Grant Cornett，“Inside the Delirious Rise of ‘Superfake’ Handbags”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


PSP

personal software process (“個人軟體程序”)之首字母縮略詞。

Police Service of Pakistan (“巴基斯坦警察局”)之縮寫。

Progress Singapore Party (“新加坡前進黨”)之首字母縮略詞。


analgesic

音頻（美國加利福尼亞北部）


AA

高射炮；高射炮火。ack-ack


Pentateuch

原始印歐語詞
 *pénkʷe
來自古希臘語 πεντάτευχος (pentáteukhos)，來自古希臘語 πέντε (pénte，“五”) + τεῦχος (teûkhos，“工具，卷軸，書”)。


iatrogenic

/aɪˌætɹəˈdʒɛnɪk/


run off stitch

*指縫紉時，車線車逢時離開布料離開原來應該車縫的軌道。又稱跌落馬。


hereditary elliptocytosis

遗传性椭圆形红细胞增多症，遗传性椭圆形红细胞性贫血


surreal

more surreal (comparative)
most surreal (superlative)

類似夢境：玄妙、超現實的


Oregon

俄勒岡州，美國的一個州。


allow

自中世紀拉丁語 allocō (“分配”)，與 alouer 合併為中世紀拉丁語 allaudō，其現在主動不定式 allaudāre，至盎格魯-諾曼語 allouer、alouer，借至中古英語 allowen、alowen 而來。(透过 allaudāre) allaud 或 (透过 allocāre) allocate 的同源對似詞。
與中古英語 alyfen (源自古英語 ālīefan) 和德語 erlauben 皆源自原始日耳曼語 *uzlaubijaną (“允許”)的相似性純屬巧合。

allows (third-person singular present)
allowing (present participle)
allowed (past participle)

to allow a servant his liberty; to allow a free passage; to allow one day for rest

讓傭人獲得自由；開放免費通行；預留一天時間休息

[…] he needed a great deal of money, but his uncle only allowed him two thousand roubles a year, which was not enough, and for days together he would run about Moscow with his tongue out, as the saying is.

[…] 他需要一大筆錢，但他的叔叔一年只給他兩千盧布，並不夠，一連幾天，他都在莫斯科四處奔波，就像俗話說的：累得伸舌頭。

2004年 [1895年]，康斯坦斯加內特 (譯者)，“Ariadne”, in The Darling: and Other Stories，根據安東·契訶夫原著改編的翻譯作品:

I will allow my son to be absent.

With fresh material, taxonomic conclusions are leavened by recognition that the material examined reflects the site it occupied; a herbarium packet gives one only a small fraction of the data desirable for sound conclusions. Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get[…]

有了新鮮材料，分類學結論得以因認識到所檢驗的材料反映其所佔據的地點而更為完善；標本館包裹僅提供了作出合理結論時所需資料的一小部分。標本館的材料確實無法讓人們安全地進行推測：所見即所得 […]

1992年，魯道夫馬蒂亞斯舒斯特，The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian，卷 V, 伊州芝加哥: 菲爾德自然史博物館, →ISBN，頁 vii:

Although I don't consent to their holding such meetings, I will allow them for the time being.

雖然我不贊同他們舉辦這樣的會議，但我暫時會允許他們進行。

Smoking allowed only in designated areas.

僅在指定區域內允許吸菸。

The use of algorithms in policing is one example of their increasing influence on our lives. And, as their ubiquity spreads, so too does the debate around whether we should allow ourselves to become so reliant on them – and who, if anyone, is policing their use.

演算法在執法中的應用就是其對我們生活影響日益增長的一個例子。隨著它們的普及，關於我們是否應該容許自己如此依賴它們——以及是否有人在監督它們的使用——的辯論也在擴大。

2013年July26日，里歐希克曼，“How algorithms rule the world”, in 衛報周刊，卷 189, 期 7，頁 26:

to allow a right; to allow a claim; to allow an appeal

承認權利；同意主張；接受申請

You must allow that disagreeing about politics puts a strain on a relationship.

你必須承認政治上的分歧會給關係帶來壓力。

Mr. Knightley, I shall not allow you to be a fair judge in this case.

奈特利先生，我不會讓你在這起案件中擔任公正的法官。

1815年，珍·奧斯丁，章號 5, in 愛瑪，卷 1:

I allow, with Mrs. Grundy and most moralists, that Miss Newcome's conduct[…]was highly reprehensible.

我同意，與格倫迪夫人及大多數道德家一樣，紐康小姐的行為 […] 是極其應受譴責的。

Half the night passed before the wench allowed that it might be safe to stop.

過了半夜，那丫頭才認為停下來可能是安全的。

2000年，喬治瑞蒙李察馬丁，劍刃風暴，Bantam, 出版於 2011年，頁 154:

准許 (扣除或增加某物，尤其是減免或扣除)

to allow a sum for leakage

核准一筆金額作為損耗扣除

When calculating a budget for a construction project, always allow for contingencies.

在計算建築專案的預算時，務必預留應急費用。

The inlet allowed a facility to bring the money in a boat secretly and at night to the very foot of the hill.

該入口讓人能夠在夜間秘密地用船把錢運送到山腳下。

1824年，華盛頓·歐文，“The Devil and Tom Walker”, in Tales of a Traveller:

A “moving platform” scheme[…]is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by stepping through docking bays.

「移動平台」計劃 […] 雖然依賴於傳統鐵軌，但比磁懸浮列車在技術上更具野心。地方列車將使用並行的鐵軌與城際列車並排行駛，並通過對接艙讓乘客能夠換乘。

2013年June1日，“Ideas coming down the track”, in 經濟學人，卷 407, 期 8838，頁 13 (Technology Quarterly):

Truly ye bear witness that ye allow the deeds of your fathers

你們的確作證，你們認可了你們祖先的行為。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 11:48:

We commend his pains, condemn his pride, allow his life, approve his learning.

我們讚揚他的努力，譴責他的傲慢，認可他的一生，讚許他的學識。

Therefore so please thee to return with us,
And of our Athens—thine and ours—to take
The captainship, thou shalt be met with thanks,
Allow'd with absolute power, and thy good name
Live with authority. So soon we shall drive back
Of Alcibiades the approaches wild,
Who, like a boar too savage, doth root up
His country's peace.

因此，若你願意與我們一同回去
接管我們共同的雅典的
領導地位，你將受到感激
被賦予絕對的權力，你的美名
將伴隨權威流傳。我們很快就會擊退
阿爾西比亞德斯那狂野的攻勢
他如同一頭兇猛的野豬，正在撕毀
國家的和平

1623年，威廉莎士比亞，雅典的泰門:

How allow you the model of these clothes?

你覺得這些衣服的款式如何？

1632年，菲利普馬辛格, 納森菲爾德，The Fatal Dowry, 第 4 幕，場景 1:

to allow an objection

to allow an appeal

Easy on violence, now I doubt it
I could’ve banged this face but allowed it

我現在質疑平和面對暴力的做法
我本可以揍這張臉，但我放過他了

2021年November3日，“Who's My man?”, Starzzy #MostHated 作詞，0:30:


haptoglobin

haptoglobulin

触珠蛋白，结合珠蛋白，亲血球蛋白

触珠蛋白，结合珠蛋白，亲血球蛋白


atresia

借自拉丁語 atresia，源自古希臘語 ἀ- (a-，“不，無”) + τρῆσις (trêsis，“貫穿，貫通”)。

閉鎖（身體通道異常關閉或缺失）


Afghani

阿富汗尼（ISO 4217：AFN），阿富汗貨幣。


Afghani

阿富汗的；阿富汗人的；阿富汗語的


Albanian lek

阿爾巴尼亞列克，阿爾巴尼亞的貨幣（ISO 4207：ALL）


Algerian Dinar

阿爾及利亞第納爾，是阿爾及利亞的貨幣單位。


Argentine Peso

阿根廷比索（ISO 4217：ARS），是阿根廷的貨幣單位。


Kevin

熱力學溫標，符號為K，又稱絕對溫標、開爾文溫標，又譯開氏溫標、克氏溫標、凱氏溫標。


carbon footprint

碳足跡—是指每個人、每個家庭或每家公司日常釋放的温室氣體數量（以二氧化碳的影响為單位），用以衡量人類活動對環境的影响。


diprotic

形容在溶液中，（某個酸的）每個分子最多能提供兩個氫離子（H⁺，又稱質子）

diprotic acid


accentuate

* 首次記錄於1731年。
* (強調)： 首次記錄於1865年。
* 派生自中世紀拉丁語 accentuātus，accentuāre 的過去分詞，派生自 拉丁語 accentus。

accentuates (third-person singular present)
accentuating (present participle)
accentuated (past participle)

強調；使…更突出，使…更明顯

our danger and insolation only accentuated the incompatibility

1898, H. G. Wells, The War of the Worlds/Book 2/Chapter 3

These were business hours, and a feeling of loneliness crept over him, perhaps germinated by his sight of the illustrated papers, and accentuated by an attempted perusal of them.

1913，Robert Barr，章號 5, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:


Bering Sea

以第一位系統性探索該地的探險家 Vitus Bering 命名。

/ˈbɛɹɪŋ ˈsiː/


submachine gun

Bare-chested children and their parents gathered in doorways, on roofs and in windows as he passed, watched warily by Brazilian troops carrying submachine guns.

当他经过时，赤裸上身的孩子和他们的父母聚集在门口、屋顶和窗户上，手持冲锋枪的巴西士兵警惕地注视着他。

2007年March9日，Jim Rutenberg, Larry Rohter，“Bush’s South America Tour Incites Fight for Attention”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


cash flow statement

現金流量表，為會計實務上的財務報表之一，與資產負債表、損益表、權益變動表並列企業四大常用財務報表。現金流量表提供某一實體在某一期間內的現金流入及流出的資訊。


statement of changes in equity

權益變動表，為會計實務上的財務報表之一，與資產負債表、收益表、現金流量表並列企業四大常用財務報表。


porphyria

/pɔː(ɹ)ˈfɪɹɪə/

The term porphyria, derived from the Greek word porphyra, meaning purple, is apt because a hallmark of most of the porphyrias is the overexcretion of porphyrins in urine or feces.

2000，Herbert L. Bonkovsky，Richard W. Lambrecht，“44: Hemochromatosis, iron overload, and porphyria cutanea tarda”, in Hemochromatosis: Genetics, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment，頁 453:

However, the appearance of homozygous forms without consanguinity and coincidence of two types of porphyria in the same patient, dual porphyrias, is possible.

2003, M. Lecha, C. Herrero, D. Ozalla, Porphyrias, Andreas D. Katsambas, Torello M. Lotti (editors), European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments, page 419,

The usual presenting symptoms and signs of porphyrias are either skin photosensitivity or neurovisceral symptoms and signs.

2010，James C. Barton，Corwin Q. Edwards，Pradyumna D. Phatak，Robert S. Britton，Bruce R. Bacon，Handbook of Iron Overload Disorders，頁 160:


noob

newb (alternative)
nub (alternative)
noobs (plural)
nabb (alternative)
nub (alternative)

Noobs are annoying, they never know the forum rules.

新來的人真是煩得要死，永遠不懂得遵守論壇的規矩。


soot

繼承自中古英語 soot、soote、sote、sot，繼承自古英語 sōt，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *sōtą (“油煙”)，源自原始印歐語 *sed- (“坐”)。同源詞包括荷蘭語 zoet (“油煙”，過時)、德國低地德語 Soot (“油煙”)、丹麥語 sod (“油煙”)、瑞典語 sot (“油煙”)、冰島語 sót (“油煙”)。對照同一原始印歐語詞根在古愛爾蘭語 suide (“油煙”) 和波羅的-斯拉夫語族中的 ō-階構詞：立陶宛語 súodžiai (“油煙”)，及原始斯拉夫語 *saďa (“油煙”)（俄語 са́жа (sáža)、波蘭語、斯洛伐克語 sadza、保加利亞語 са́жда (sážda)）。


soot

soots (third-person singular present)
sooting (present participle)
sooted (past participle)


sorority

借自文藝復興拉丁語 sorōritās，來自拉丁語 soror。


dis-

表示“颠倒”、“相反”、“除外”。

表示“分开”、“断开”。


Nahuatl

來自西班牙語 náhuatl，來自古典納瓦特爾語 nahuatl、nahuatlatolli (“清楚或可理解的語言”)。


hymen

來自法語 hymen，源自古希臘語 ὑμήν (humḗn，“皮，膜”)。


skunk

來自一個未被證實的新英格蘭南部阿爾岡昆語單詞，與阿貝納基語 segôgw, segonku (“噴霧（麝香）/ 尿尿的人”)同源，來自原始阿爾岡昆語 *šeka·kwa，來自*šek- (“尿尿”)。

壞的東西；臭名昭彰的事物

On the other hand, many critics contend that in terms of literary quality, many of the multiple-storyline books are true skunks.

1987, English Journal (volume 76, issues 5-8, page 52)

大勝而使對方慘敗、無法得分；零封

同類詞：shutout

以30分或更大的分數差距獲勝（double skunk是60分或更大的分數差距，triple skunk是90分或更大的分數差距）


skunk

skunks (third-person singular present)
skunking (present participle)
skunked (past participle)

大勝而使對方無法得分；零封

I skunked him at cards.

We fished all day but the lake skunked us.

我們釣了一整天的魚，但一無所獲。

以30分或更高分數差距獲勝


skunk

skinhead + punk 組成的混成詞，受到動物（詞源1）的影響。

光頭黨和朋克的混合亞文化成員

In the early 1980s, certain ex-punks joined them, becoming 'skunks' – a hybrid subculture of skinheads and punks.

2006, Pam Nilan, Carles Feixa, Global Youth?: Hybrid Identities, Plural Worlds (page 192)

[…] mods, skins, suedes, smoothies, punks, skunks, rude boys, soul boys and headbangers […]

2011, Gerard DeGroot (quoting Brown), Seventies Unplugged


skunk

來自skunkweed (“氣味濃烈的大麻”)。

skunkweed 的截斷形式（大麻）。

大麻和印度大麻的一個雜交品種，其四氫大麻酚的含量可能超過一般大麻的含量。


serpiginous

拉丁語 serpigio (“匍匐蔓延的皮膚病”)。

Leprosy is a serpiginous disease.

麻风是一种具有匍行性疾病。


Nile River

尼羅河，是一條流經非洲東部與北部的河流，一般被認為是世界上最長的河流，長6650公里。


Congo River

剛果河，是非洲中西部最大的河流，全長4700公里（以三比西河為源），列非洲第二位，僅次於尼羅河。


赞比西河

贊比西河，是非洲第四長的河流，也是從非洲大陸流入印度洋的最長河流，又名利巴河，當地方言意為「巨大的河流」。


Ussuri

烏蘇里江，是中國與俄羅斯的界河。


Songhua River

松花江，為黑龍江最大支流。


Pearl River

珠江，舊稱粵江，是中國境內第三長河流，按年流量為中國第二大河流。

美國密西西比州及路易斯安那州的一條河。


IDK

I don't know (“我不知道”)之首字母縮略詞。

IDK what you're talking about.

我不知道你（們）在聊什麼。


symbiotic

來自symbiosis + -otic，來自古希臘語 συμβίωσις (sumbíōsis)，來自σύν (sún，“和”) + βίος (bíos，“生命”)。

虽然symbiotic的生物学意义指“共生”，但在日常生活中，这个词更多指共同利益。

共生的或与共生有关的；共同生活。

两个人或生物之间的共同利益关系。


otaku

源自日語 おたく（“御宅族”）。

[əʊ̯ˈtʰɑːkʰuː]

[o̞ʊ̯ˈtʰɑkʰu]

御宅族（热衷于某种事物的人，特别是动画和漫画）


abut

abuts (third-person singular present)
abutting (present participle)
abutted (past participle)


tailor-made

完全适合某一特定场合或目的；根据特定要求制做


ditzy

ditsy (alternative)
ditzier (comparative)
ditziest (superlative)


AIDS

GRID

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (“後天性免疫缺乏症候群、獲得性免疫缺陷綜合征”) 之首字母縮略詞，簡稱為愛滋病、艾滋病。

Patients with AIDS become highly susceptible to infection by intracellular microbes normally contained by T cells (Fig. 4.8).

2007, Clinical Pathology ISBN 0198569467, page 50:


aspect

aspect
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：样子
* 正體中文：樣子


aspect

aspect
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：面向
* 正體中文：面嚮


cinnamon powder

肉桂粉（加在咖啡上頭的調味品）


CJK

Chinese, Japanese, Korean (“中日韓”)之首字母縮略詞（由於文字體系均源自漢字常歸類在一起）


DOB

date of birth (“出生日期”)之首字母縮略詞。

其他形式：D.O.B.、DoB、d.o.b.、dob


DOB

Daughters of Bilitis (“比利提斯的女儿”)之首字母縮略詞。


so what

I lost my old red shoes. – So what? Get a new pair.

我那雙舊的紅鞋子弄丟了。——那又如何？買雙新的就是了。


announcing

announce 的現在時分詞和動名詞


-itis

源自新拉丁語 -itis，源自古希臘語 -ῖτις (-îtis，“屬於……的”)， 這是形容詞後綴-ίτης (-ítēs)的陰性形式。由於有陰性名詞νόσος (nósos，“疾病”)，因此英語後綴引入時也選用了陰性形式，尤其在於ἀρθρῖτις (νόσος) (arthrîtis (nósos)，“關節病”)。

用於命名身體各部位的炎症。

用於命名各種虛構的疼痛或疾病。


Linux

Linus + Unix 組成的混成詞，以開發者Linus Torvalds的名字來命名。

linux (alternative)
Linuxes (plural)
Linuxen (plural)

開源類Unix電腦操作系統內核

使用Linux作為內核的操作系統


sire

源自中古英語 sire，源自古法語 sire，seignor 的主格單數；源自拉丁語 senior，源自 senex。seigneur、seignior、senhor、senior、señor、senyor、signore和sir 的同源對似詞。與法語 monsieur 同源。

公畜，特别是马和狗。尤其指用于繁殖后代的种畜。


sire

sires (third-person singular present)
siring (present participle)
sired (past participle)


and/or

和/或。“A and/or B”表示“A，或B，或A和B”。

List three personal and/or business references.

列出三個個人和/或業務參考。


VP

verb phrase (“動詞片語”)之首字母縮略詞。


MMA

manual metal arc (“手動金屬電弧焊”)之首字母縮略詞。

middle meningeal artery (“腦膜中靜脈”)之首字母縮略詞。

microelectronic modular assembly (“微電子微型組件裝置”)之首字母縮略詞。

master murabaha agreement (“穆拉巴哈大師協議”)之首字母縮略詞。

Mark Zuckerberg shares photos from the hospital after undergoing knee surgery for a torn ACL suffered during MMA training.

2023年November4日，“Mark Zuckerberg tears ACL while training for MMA fight early next year”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

mastitis–metritis–agalactia (“乳房炎─子宮炎─無乳症症候群”)之首字母縮略詞。

mammalian meat allergy (“哺乳動物肉類過敏”)之首字母縮略詞。


MMA

Museum of Modern Art (“現代藝術博物館”)之首字母縮略詞。

MIDI Manufacturers Association (“MIDI制造商协会”)之首字母縮略詞。


mt

mitochondrion or mitochondria (“線粒體”)之縮寫。


FYI

雖然在互聯網和簡訊之前已經出現，但FYI大部分情況用於電子通訊。

At the close of a recent cable describing the recovery of his censor-held photographs of the fighting in the Holy Land, Life photographer John Phillips added the casual postscript: "FYI, Burke narrowly escaped death outside Jerusalem a few days ago."

1948, "Don Burke, chief of Time Inc.'s Cairo bureau," Time, 14 June.


Bastille Day

巴士底日，法国国庆日，于每年的7月14日。


my name is

我叫……；我的名字是……


NAY

Nayarit之縮寫，墨西哥州名。


all in a day's work

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-all in a day's work.ogg


MSRP

manufacturer's suggested retail price (“廠家建議零售價”)之首字母縮略詞。

“I’m calling across the entire country. I’m thinking this is not going to be possible. I’m not going to find a dealer selling at MSRP,” recalled Rathjen, a technical writer. “I kept calling further and further away until I hit Vermont.”

2022年June17日，Allan Chernoff，“Soaring US car prices compel buyers to travel thousands of miles for deals”, in The Guardian:


rent boy

Francis Urquhart: Got anything on him?
Tim Stamper: There was a whiff of scandal about ten years ago.
Francis Urquhart: Rent boy. In a train. To Red Hill. Yes. Wanted to sell his story but we bought it and hushed him up. Be ungentlemanly to bring that up. A man's private life should be private.
Tim Stamper: On the other hand, getting sucked off in second class is hardly prime ministerial behaviour.
Francis Urquhart: Yes, you have a point there.

1990，House of Cards, Season 1, Episode 4:

An Irishman came up to him, bought him a drink, asked him if he was a rent boy, and agreed to give £40 for coming back.

1992，Donald James West, Buz De Villiers，Male prostitution，頁 93:

Just then, a rent boy with perfect white teeth and a babyface flashed me one of those unforgettable Thai smiles.

2007，John Patrick，Dangerous Boys, Rent Boys，頁 12:


DNA

[化学]脱氧核糖核酸/去氧核糖核酸（deoxyribonucleic acid之缩写），是遺傳的基礎物質。存在於染色體，由不分支的長鏈核甘酸分子所組成。每個核甘酸由磷酸、去氧核糖和四個含氮鹼基(腺嘌呤、鳥糞嘌呤、胞嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶)中之一所組成。


mRNA

messenger RNA (“信使核糖核酸”)之首字母縮略詞。

When a cell “expresses” a gene, it translates the DNA first into a signature messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and subsequently into a chain of amino acids that forms a protein.

2015年November28日，Ferris Jabr，“How Humans Ended Up With Freakishly Huge Brains”, in Wired:

Because of their fragility, the mRNA molecules will quickly fall apart at room temperature. Moderna’s vaccine will need to be refrigerated, and should be stable for up to six months when shipped and stored at –4°F (–20°C).

2020年December5日，Jonathan Corum, Carl Zimmer，“How Moderna’s Vaccine Works”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


rRNA

ribosomal RNA (“核糖體核糖核酸”)之首字母縮略詞。


tRNA

transfer RNA (“轉運核糖核酸”)之首字母縮略詞。


cytokine

來自cyto- + 古希臘語 κίνησις (kínēsis，“活動”)。

Thus, in the case of viral infection, mechanisms of resistance would be threefold, namely, interferon production, the immune response, including both antibody and lymphokine production, and the generation of lymphokine-like substances by the infected cells themselves. These latter substances have been defined as cytokines.

1975年July7日，Bigazzi PE, Yoshida T, Ward PA, Cohen S.，“Production of Lymphokine-Like Factors (Cytokines) by Simian Virus 40-Infected and Simian Virus 40-Transformed Cell”, in The American Journal of Pathology，卷 80, 期 1，頁 69:

A fundamental feature expressed by the vast majority of cytokines is a profound immunomodulatory activity.

1991, Maxine Gowen, Cytokines and Bone Metabolism, page 26,

The cytokines are generally considered to be a group of peptides secreted by cells of the immune system such as macrophages, lymphocytes and T cells, although the same peptides may also be secreted by non-immune cells such as neurological tissues and adipocytes.

2012, Victor R. Preedy, Ross Hunter (editors), Preface, Cytokines, page v,

The cytokines provide a classic example of products of the immune system which alter brain and endocrine activities. A variety of cytokines, including interleukin 1, interleukin 2, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α, have been traditionally associated with peripheral control of the immune system, inflammation, and acute phase response.

2013, Errol B. De Souza (editor), Preface, Neurobiology of Cytokines: Methods in Neurosciences, Volume 16, page xiii,


apoptosis

來自古希臘語 ἀπόπτωσις (apóptōsis，“脫落”)，來自ἀπό (apó，“遠離”) + πτῶσις (ptôsis，“脫落”)。

The term apoptosis is proposed for a hitherto little recognized mechanism of controlled cell deletion, which appears to play a complementary but opposite role to mitosis in the regulation of animal cell populations.

1972，J. F. R. Kerr，A. H. Wyllie，A. R. Currie，“Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wide-ranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics”, in British journal of cancer，卷 26, →DOI:

Indeed, so important is apoptosis that it is gradually becoming clear that almost all therapeutic cancer treatment works only because it induces apoptosis by alerting p53 and its colleagues.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial 2004, p. 238:

Apoptosis is routine in developmental processes such as the removal of webbing between fingers in humans, the loss of tadpole tails in amphibians, and insect metamorphosis.

2011, Terence Allen and Graham Cowling, The Cell: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford 2011, p. 74:


acetaminophen

醋氨酚、乙醯胺基酚、對乙醯胺基酚

You need to take acetaminophen / Or just a little aspirin / acetylsalicylic for the pain

“I [have] actually witnessed a resident have to be taken to the emergency room because of acetaminophen toxicity,” Lee recalls. “I was pushed to find a solution because I wanted to help the residents who I volunteer for.”

2025年March28日，Ella Jeffries，This 17-Year-Old Scientist Is Making an Acetaminophen Alternative That Is Less Damaging to the Liver:


BIOS

Basic Input/Output System 之首字母縮略詞。（基本輸入輸出系統）


RNA

Looked at from RNA’s point of view, DNA is just a passive archive of information, a dull hunk of a telephone directory; it is RNA that looks up the numbers, establishes the connections and determines how long each call will last.

2006年June20日，Nicholas Wade，“DNA or RNA? Versatile Player Takes a Leading Role in Molecular Research”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

acquired immunodeficiency syndromes (plural)

acquired immune deficiency syndrome的另一種寫法


CD

compact disc (“光盤，光碟”)之首字母縮略詞。
音樂專輯

I misplaced the Windows 98 install CD.

我把 Windows 98的安裝光盤放到不知哪兒去了。

Called Compact Discs (CD for short) and expected to enter the market by 1983, they play an hour per side and are virtually indestructible.

1980年April13日，Allan Kozinn，“The Future is Digital”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Mariah Carey's new CD has some R'n'B influences.

瑪利亞·凱利的新專輯中有一些R&B的影響。

Along the route to Tanyin flowed a fast stream of staff and C.D. cars.

1955, Graham Greene, The Quiet American:

Jake lengthened his stride and crossed the road in front of a double-parked car, large, black and with CD plates.

1978, Kingsley Amis, Jake's Thing, Vintage 2007, p. 8:

chart datum (“海圖基準面”)之首字母縮略詞。

cluster of differentiation (“分化群集”)之首字母縮略詞。

cooldown (“冷卻時間”)之縮寫。

同類詞：CI


CD

CDs (third-person singular present)
CDing (present participle)
CDed (past participle)

By now I did not feel right without a bra and panties whenever I CD'ed.

1993 January 5, "Tierney Dhewitrei" (username), about me, is it familiar?, in alt.transgendered, Usenet:


ROM

ROMs (plural)
リードオンリーメモリ (alternative)
リードオンリーメモリー (alternative)

模擬時使用唯讀記憶體（如遊戲卡帶）的軟體影像

rough order of magnitude (“數量級估算”)之首字母縮略詞

同類詞：ROP、ROW、ROY


RAM

NVRAM

random-access memory (“隨機存取存儲器”) 之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：ROM、flash memory、bubble memory、core memory、WORM

random-access machine (“隨機存取機”) 之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：PRAM

responsibility assignment matrix (“責任分配矩陣”) 之首字母縮略詞。

reliability availability maintainability (“可靠性、可用性、可維護性”) 之首字母縮略詞。

radar-absorbent material (“雷達吸波材料”) 之首字母縮略詞。


RAM

Royal Academy of Music (“皇家音樂學院”)之首字母縮略詞。


random access memory

同類詞：read-only memory、ROM、write-only memory、WOM、flash memory


phenomena

phenomenon 的複數形式，源自古希臘語 -ον (-on) → -α (-a)的複數模式。

有時也會被當做單數，不過基本上認為這種用法是錯誤的。對照criteria。


symmetric

more symmetric (comparative)
most symmetric (superlative)


sarcolemma

肌漿膜：肌肉纤维的细胞浆膜（plasma membrane of the muscle fiber）。


go-home-and-do-it-again

(玩笑式的暗示)不被接受的


St John Ambulance

*聖約翰救傷隊/救傷會/救护机构


United States of America

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-uk-United States of America.ogg


accommodate

出現於1530年代，源自拉丁語 accommodātus，accommodō 的完成被動分詞；源自 ad + commodō；後者源自 com- + modus (“量度，比例”)（英語 mode）。

accommodates (third-person singular present)
accommodating (present participle)
accommodated (past participle)

[əˈkʰɒməˌdeɪt]

[əˈkʰɑməˌdeɪt]


temporarily

/ˌtɛmpəˈɹɛɹəli/


trial and error

Navigating by trial and error may get you there eventually, but using a map is faster.

通过反复试验可能最终会到达目的地，但使用地图会更快。

Trial and error was a big part of the process: "We need to fail down here so we don't fail up there," [Neil] Armstrong insists, though even some of the mistakes and malfunctions at ground level cause devastating casualties.

2018年October9日，A. A. Dowd，“The Star and Director of La La Land Reunite for First Man’s Spectacular Trip to the Moon”, in The A.V. Club，存檔自the original on 2020-06-16:


Blue Planetary nebula

NGC 3918，蓝行星状星云


由National Puzzlers’ League會長Everett K Smith在1935年年會上創造，来自古希臘語 πνεύμων (pneúmōn，“肺”) + 拉丁語 ultra (“超”) + 英語 microscopic (“微”) + silico- (“硅”) + volcano (“火山”) + 古希臘語 κόνις (kónis，“灰塵”) + 英語 -osis (“炎癥”)，為pneumonoconiosis (“塵肺病”)的擴展。

/njuːˌmɒ.nəʊ.ʌl.tɹə.maɪ.kɹəʊˈskɒ.pɪkˌsɪ.lɪ.kəʊ.vɒl.keɪ.nəʊ.kəʊ.niˈəʊ.sɪs/

這個詞的發明純粹是為了爭奪英語中最長單字的頭銜，由45個字母和19個音節組成。這個詞在醫學上沒有正式用法，教科書將這種疾病稱為pneumonoconiosis、pneumoconiosis、silicosis。

《牛津英語詞典》將其列為最長的單字，並解釋為“一個人造詞，據稱意思是『因吸入通常在火山中發現的極微小矽塵而引發的疾病』但主要作為一個長單詞的實例出現。（a factitious word alleged to mean ‘a lung disease caused by inhalation of very fine silica dust usually found in volcanos’ but occurring chiefly as an instance of a very long word.）”。

Call it miner's asthma, silicosis, pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, or black lung—they are all dust diseases with the same symptoms.

1980 March，Lorin E. Kerr，“Black Lung”, in Journal of Public Health Policy，卷 1, 期 1, →JSTOR，頁 50:

I say that it must be the silica dust
That we breathed through our mouths and our noses
That brought pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis.

1998年August27日，Smokey，“Lament for a Lung Disease”, in talk.bizarre (Usenet), message-ID <6s3r8o$brt$1@camel15.mindspring.com>:

It's either pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis, or a bad cough.

2002年December18日，Pod，“Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis”, in alt.fan.scarecrow (Usenet), message-ID <iHSL9.2091$h43.295898@stones>:

I still can't watch House M.D. and not have my mind wonder[…] Even I can fear of:Template:SIC having Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis after watching it.

2011年April28日，Kurt D. Stradtman，Am I the Person My Mother Warned Me About?: A Four-year College Experience ... Only the Good Parts，Xlibris, →ISBN, →LCCN，頁 90:


Forward-center

让并不具备中锋身高的大前锋球员根据球队需要打中锋的位置


carbon paper

carbonic paper (alternative)
carbon papers (plural)


character string type

字串型態；字串型式；字元串型式


information technology

information and communications technology

Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.

2013年July20日，“The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8845:


roma

Roma (“一種番茄”)的首字母小寫形。

Swap the vegetables for roma tomatoes (seeded), steamed new potatoes, carrots, and chickpeas (rinsed and drained); add a pinch of curry to the vinaigrette.

2008 January–February，Mark Bittman，“The only 7 meals you need for 2008”, in Men's Health，卷 23, 期 1, →ISSN，頁 138:


absorption coefficient

absorption factor (alternative)
absorption coefficients (plural)


lumen second

lumen-second (alternative)
lumensecond (alternative)
lumen seconds (plural)


AAL

above aerodrome level (“高於機場平面”)之首字母縮略詞。


AAL

asynchronous transfer mode adaption layer; ATM adaption layer (“异步传输模式适配层”)之首字母縮略詞。

attorney at law (“法律事務代理人；職業律師”)之首字母縮略詞。


AAL

African American language (“美國黑人白話”)之首字母縮略詞。


reversibly

可逆地，雙向地，回行地，可反轉地


artist

artist
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：涂家
* 正體中文：塗家


artist

artist
====翻译====
翻譯
* 简体中文：艺术家
* 正體中文：藝術家
* 正體: 藝術家[電子計算機]


asap

ASAP的大小寫替代形式。

I feel the impatience in her voice, the desire to sell all her stuff asap and return home.

2023，Stephen Buoro，The Five Sorrowful Mysteries of Andy Africa，Bloomsbury Circus，頁 17:


accessible

首次記錄於1400年，派生自法語，派生自晚期拉丁語 accessibilis，源自accessus，accēdō (“抵達”) 的完成過去分詞。

more accessible (comparative)
most accessible (superlative)


acoustic coupler

同類詞：modem

The call will be answered with a high-pitched tone; no human voice will be heard. The phone receiver should be placed in the acoustic coupler, if one is used, with the cord in the proper position.

1984, Christine L. Borgman, Effective Online Searching: A Basic Text, CRC Press (ISBN 9780824771423), page 52:


actions

action的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


ADB

Android Debug Bridge (“Android調試橋”)之首字母縮略詞。

Apple Desktop Bus (“蘋果桌面匯流排”)之首字母縮略詞。


assume

源自拉丁語 assūmō (“接受”)，构自 ad- （“向”） + sūmō （“担任”）。

assumes (third-person singular present)
assuming (present participle)
assumed (past participle)

假定；猜測；用想法來證定某件事是真實的或是有效的

We assume that, as her parents were dentists, she knows quite a bit about dentistry.

我們推測，由於她的父母都是牙醫，所以她對牙科也相當瞭解。

Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet. Perhaps we assume that our name, address and search preferences will be viewed by some unseen pair of corporate eyes, probably not human, and don't mind that much.

我們曾經把情書裝在密封的信封裡，或是把孩子的照片貼在家庭相簿裡，但現在這些隱私資料都被傳送到伺服器和雲端，而這些伺服器和雲端是由我們不認識、也永遠不會見面的人所操作的。 也許我們假設自己的姓名、地址和搜尋偏好會被一雙看不見的企業眼睛（可能不是人類的眼睛）看見，因此並不太介意。

2013年June14日，Jonathan Freedland，“Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 1，頁 18:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:assume。

擔任；擔任某個職任或是承擔某項義務

Mr. Jones will assume the position of a lifeguard until a proper replacement is found.

Jones 先生將擔任救生員一職，直到找到合適的替代人員。

His unruly hair was slicked down with water, and as Jessamy introduced him to Miss Brindle his face assumed a cherubic innocence which would immediately have aroused the suspicions of anyone who knew him.

1967，Barbara Sleigh，Jessamy，Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, 出版於 1993, →ISBN，頁 96:

So while Ralph generally seems to inhabit a different, more glorious and joyful universe than everyone else here his yearning and heartbreak are eminently relateable. Ralph sometimes appears to be a magically demented sprite who has assumed the form of a boy, but he’s never been more poignantly, nakedly, movingly human than he is here.

因此，儘管拉爾夫總體上看來居住在一個與其他人不同的、更光榮和更快樂的宇宙中，但他的渴望和心碎卻非常容易引起共鳴。 有時候，拉爾夫看起來就像一個變身為男孩的魔怔小鬼，但他從來沒有像在這裡一樣，更淒美、更赤裸、更感人。

2012年August5日，Nathan Rabin，“TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, in (請指定書籍名或刊物名):

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:assume。

He assumed an air of indifference.

他裝出一副無動於衷的樣子。

ambition assuming the mask of religion.

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:assume。

The sixth was a young knight of lesser renown and lower rank, assumed into that honorable company.

1820，沃尔特·司各特，艾凡赫，卷 (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), 爱丁堡: […] Archibald Constable and Co.；伦敦：Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:

採納；接受某個想法或是原因


LAMP

Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP 之首字母縮略詞：一組通常一起使用來執行動態網站或者伺服器的自由軟體名稱

同類詞：LEMP、LNMP、WAMP


LAMP

loop-mediated isothermal amplification 之首字母縮略詞。

lysosome-associated membrane proteins 之首字母縮略詞。


idle time

同類詞：downtime、unproductive time


Web

Some of that content is now only available on the Web.

有些內容現在只能在網上查看。

Web page

Content on the Web is divided into individual computer files called pages.

網上的內容被劃分為單獨的計算機文檔，稱為頁面。

2008，Timothy D. Green，Abbie Brown，LeAnne Robinson，Making the Most of the Web in Your Classroom，Corwin Press, →ISBN，頁 31:


wild card

wildcard (alternative)
wild-card (alternative)
wild cards (plural)

一張可以被賦予任何價值或用來替代任何需要的卡片的卡片；萬能卡。

外卡：沒有達到正常標準，但仍被允許參加錦標賽的參賽者或團隊。

Kye Sun-Hui won an Olympic gold medal in Judo, despite being a wild card.

儘管以外卡參賽，桂順姬仍然獲得了奧運會柔道金牌。

wildcard (“通配符”)的另一種寫法


backlink

* [正:自由軟體]反向鏈接
* [简:自由软体]反向连接
* 简体: 后连杆，回指连接[信息科技]
* 正體: 反向鏈接[計算機]
* 正體: 反向鏈接[電子計算機]


backward compatibility

backwards compatibility (alternative)
backward compatibilities (plural)


backward compatible

backward-compatible (alternative)
backwards compatible (alternative)
backwards-compatible (alternative)
backward compatible (comparative)
backward compatible (superlative)

The new editor is backward compatible with all versions later than 1.17.

新版編輯器可向下兼容1.17以後的版本。


bar code

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bar code.wav

barcode的另一種拼寫法


bcc

blind carbon copy (“密件副本，密送”)之首字母縮略詞。


bcc

bcc's (third-person singular present)
bcc'ing (present participle)
bcc'ed (past participle)
bcc'd (past participle)

以密件副本／密送的方式傳送給某人


CADD

computer-aided design and drafting (“電腦輔助設計及製圖”)之首字母縮略詞。


CAE

计算机辅助工程（computer-aided engineering/computer aided engineering之缩写）


data access object

[自由軟體]資料存取物件；数据访问对象


data base administrator

資料庫管理員；数据库管理员


data collection

data gathering

數據採集，數據收集，資料收集

數據採集，數據收集，資料收集


data description language

資料描述語言；数据描述语言


data display debugger

[自由軟體]資料顯示除錯器；数据显示调试


data type

abstract data type

數據類型，資料型別，資料類型，資料型式

數據類型，資料型別，資料類型，資料型式


embedded system

:Template:計算機嵌式系統，嵌入式系統


garbage collection

Java uses a technique known as garbage collection to remove objects that are no longer needed. The garbage collector is Java's grim reaper.

[2002，Patrick Niemeyer, Jonathan Knudsen，Learning Java，O'Reilly, →ISBN，頁 135:

Generational garbage collection has proved to be a highly effective organisation, offering significant performance improvements for a wide range of applications.

2016，Richard Jones, Antony Hosking, Eliot Moss，The Garbage Collection Handbook，CRC Press, →ISBN:


GPF

:Template:計算機 一般性保护错误（general protection fault）


GPL

:Template:計算機 通用軟體授權，通用公共许可证（General Public License）


GPL

GPLs (third-person singular present)
GPLing (present participle)
GPLed (past participle)


NNTP

Network News Transfer Protocol (“網路新聞傳輸協定”)之首字母縮略詞。


OLE

OHLE

Overhead line equipment (“高架電車線設備”)之首字母縮略詞。

Object Linking and Embedding (“物件連結與嵌入”)之首字母縮略詞。


ones' complement

1之補數（從0到 2ⁿ⁻¹-1或從0到 -(2ⁿ⁻¹-1), n）


pagination

/ˌpædʒəˈneɪʃən/


Quoted-Printable

* [正:自由軟體]引號內可列印
* [简:自由软体]引号内可打印


sample size

樣本大小，取样大小，樣本量


sampling frequency

[電機工程]取樣頻率；抽樣頻率


task

tasks (third-person singular present)
tasking (present participle)
tasked (past participle)


telecommunication

源自法語 télécommunication。等同於tele- + communication（遠距+通訊）。

/ˌteləkəˌmjʉːnɪˈkæɪʃən/

遠程通信，電信，電訊；電信學（1932）

用於傳輸此類信號的系統。


VLSI

very large scale integration (“超大規模集成電路”)之縮寫。


Lily

来自英语中对百合花的称谓“lily”。“lily”附加词缀后还衍生有Lilian和Elizabeth两词。

西方女子教名，译作“莉莉”。


ANOVA

（统计学）方差分析；變異數分析（analysis of variance的首字母缩略词）


analytical chemistry

分析化学，化學學科的一個分支，利用技術得出化學系統的相關資訊。


batch process

任何需要多次分批處理的過程


British thermal unit

BTU (alternative)
Btu (alternative)
British thermal units (plural)


burn-in

倦怠前的階段，工作效率和參與度下降

A huge personal investment results in a huge ‘burn-in’. This is probably the first state that needs to be dealt with, before switching to ‘burn-out’. Indeed discussion about the important interaction between the two could lead to the avoidance of ‘burn-out’ through understanding ‘burn-in’. Interestingly, a large body of literature has shown that professionals in the mental heath^([sic]) services seem to be more vulnerable to the ‘burn-in’—‘burn-out’ process.

2005，Thomas Hyphantis, Venetsanos Mavreas，“‘Burning In’ – ‘Burning Out’ in Public: Aspects of the Burnout Process in Community-Based Psychiatric Services”, in Research Companion to Organizational Health Psychology，頁 538:


Chebyshev's inequality

來自發現者俄羅斯數學家Pafnuty Chebyshev（1821–1894）的姓氏。


Doppler effect

來自Johann Christian Andreas Doppler，最初由這位奧地利物理學家所發現。

Along the street, a delivery van’s pop music approaches and recedes with a faint Doppler effect, the cheerless band lifting and dipping a microtone.


even number

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见even、number。

If you'd come at me with even numbers, I wouldn't leave a grease spot of you.


field effect transistor

場效電晶體，场效应晶体管，场效应管


gamma distribution

The gamma distribution is positively skewed and along with the Weibull, lognormal, and inverse Gaussian (IG) distributions is also available as a model in reliability and life-span studies.

1988，A. Clifford Cohen, Betty Jones Whitten，Parameter Estimation in Reliability and Life Span Models，Marcel Dekker，頁 93:

The ranking and selection problems in this chapter apply to populations that follow the gamma distribution. The gamma distribution model is used widely in many fields of applications, particularly in engineering and the social and physical sciences.
本章中的排序和选择问题适用于服从伽马分布的群体。伽马分布模型广泛应用于许多实用领域，特别是在工程、社会和物理科学领域。

1999 [1977, Wiley], Jean Dickinson Gibbons, Ingram Olkin, Milton Sobel, Selecting and Ordering Populations: A New Statistical Methodology, SIAM, Republished unabridged and corrected, page 328,

The negative exponential distribution is a special case of the gamma distribution in which k#61;1. Another important special case of a gamma distribution with parameters k and #92;theta#61;2 is the χ² distribution G(k,2) with n#61;2k degrees of freedom.[…]Gamma distributions have an additivity property: the sum of two random variables following gamma distributions G(k#95;1,#92;theta) and G(k#95;2,#92;theta) is a random variable following a gamma distribution G(k#95;1#43;k#95;2,#92;theta) with parameters k#95;1#43;k#95;2 and #92;theta[…].

2005，M. T. Todinov，Reliability and Risk Models: Setting Reliability Requirements，Wiley，頁 36:


geometric distribution

If S₁ had been chosen to be a geometric distribution, no a priori choices would have been necessary. This distribution was effective in Suppes (1970), but it would provide a poor fit in this case. If the geometric distribution had been used here, the parameter S₁ would have appeared in every theoretical probability involving N, and whenever one or more adjectives were included, a corresponding number of S₂ = 1 - S₁ terms would have appeared in the probability.

1973，Elizabeth M. Gammon，“A Syntactical Analysis of Some First-Grade Readers”, in Approaches to Natural Language: Proceedings of the 1970 Stanford Workshop on Grammar and Semantics，Springer，頁 122:

Recall that we have already calculated the mean and variance for the geometric distribution case (r = 1) in Example 5.17.

2009, Matthew J. Hassett, Donald Stewart, Probability for Risk Management, 2nd Edition, ACTEX Publications, page 139,

The exponential distribution has a number of other interesting characteristics and properties. It is very similar to the geometric distribution, and in fact is the continuous version of that discrete distribution. Recall that the geometric distribution was used to model the time until the first success, where there were a discrete number of trials.

2010，Peter A. Rogerson，Statistical Methods for Geography: A Student's Guide，第3rd版, SAGE Publications，頁 92:


in control

The General said that his troops were now in control of the situation.

將軍說他的部隊已經控制住了局勢。

It was a bitter blow to England's players, who sank to their knees in disappointment, after fighting so hard but a draw does not cause too much damage and they still remain in control of their own destiny.

2021年September8日，Phil McNulty，“Poland 1-1 England”, in BBC Sport:


independent variable

同類詞：dependent variable

In the equation z = x² + y, x and y are the independent variables.

設方程 z = x² + y，則 x 和 y 為獨立變數。

同類詞：dependent variable


least squares method

[计量学]最小二乘法；最小平方法


signal-to-noise ratio

信（号）噪（声）比；信〔號〕雜〔訊〕比


thermal conductivity

[電機工程]热导率；導熱係數；導熱率；導熱度


activated sludge

活性污泥，指曝氣後可進行細菌分解作用的生物污泥；可用於二級廢水處理程序，以加速原污水中有機物質的分解。


aerobic bacteria

好氧细菌、好氣菌；需氣菌；嗜氧性細菌


agitator

agitant

（政治上的）煽动者，鼓动者

agitatrix

（政治上的）煽动者，鼓动者

（政治上的）煽动者，鼓动者

In addition, they kept a watch on political agitators and foreigners arriving and departing at the port.

此外，他們還監視進出港口的政治煽動者和外國人。

1998，Rajnarayan Chandavarkar，Imperial Power and Popular Politics，頁 208:


ANN

artificial neural network (“人工神经网络”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：CNN、RNN

announcement (“公告”)之縮寫。 (用于电子邮件或新闻标题)


atomization

normalization

數據分離至優化的關係數據模型中


bioavailability

生物利用度 食物與營養補充品中所含營養素的吸收程度

poor/low oral bioavailability


COD

Concise Oxford Dictionary (“牛津簡明辭典”) 之首字母縮略詞。

Call of Duty (“決勝時刻”) 之首字母縮略詞。

"Let's go over to my house and play some CoD," he said.

“來我家玩會兒決勝時刻唄”，他說。


COD

cash on delivery 或 collect on delivery (“貨到付款”) 之首字母縮略詞。

This development would probably be much facilitated were the Colony to adopt the C.O.D. (collect on delivery) system of the Cape and many other parts of the world.

1901年May10日，The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record，卷 4, 期 5，頁 132:

chemical oxygen demand (“化學需氧量”) 之首字母縮略詞。


ASTM

American Society for Testing and Materials (“美國材料和試驗協會”)之首字母縮略詞。


decontamination factor

[化學]去污指数；除污因子、除污係數；净化系数


dispersion coefficient

[化学]弥散系数，分散係數


equilibrium constant

[化学][電子計算機]平衡常数


Fibonacci

斐波那契/費布納西：源自意大利語的姓氏

The Italian mathematician Leonardo Bonacci, who was called Fibonacci, introduced the Hindu-Arabic numeral system to Europe.

意大利數學家列奧納多·波那契，又稱斐波那契，將印度-阿拉伯數字系統傳入了歐洲。


fouling

[航海科技]污垢；積垢；污底


heat exchanger

The transmission oil is cooled in a heat exchanger through which the cooling water is circulated, to assist rapid warming of the engine system and to bring engine and transmission into their true interdependence.

1960 June，“The N.B. Loco. Co. diesel-hydraulic Type "2" locomotive”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 345:


Henry's law

[化学]亨利定律；氣體溶解定律


ideal gas

[化学][電機工程][氣象]理想气体


ion exchange membrane

离子交换膜，離子交換薄膜


isentropic process

[氣象]等熵程序；等熵过程


LP

album

long-play (“密紋唱片”)之首字母縮略詞。

record

long-play (“密紋唱片”)之首字母縮略詞。

licorice pizza

long-play (“密紋唱片”)之首字母縮略詞。

long-play (“密紋唱片”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：LLP、LLLP、LLC

Liquid petroleum (「液體石油」)，或liquified petroleum (「液化石油」)

landing pad (“停機坪”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：LPD、LPV

let's play (“遊戲實況”)之首字母縮略詞。


LP

Liberal Party (“澳大利亚自由党”)之首字母縮略詞。

Liberal Party (“菲律賓自由黨”)之首字母縮略詞。


LMTD

logarithmic mean temperature difference (“對數平均溫差”)之首字母縮略詞。


multicomponent mixture

多元混合物；多成分混合物；多組份混合物


particle size distribution

粒度分布；粒子大小分布；粒徑分佈；顆粒級配


GIMP

GNU Image Manipulation Program (“GNU圖像處理程式”) 之首字母縮略詞。

gravitationally interacting massive particle之縮寫。


XXOO

英文网络流行语，翻译为亲亲抱抱“kiss,kiss,hug,hug"，表示与亲密关系的表达。也用作XOXO或OXOX等等。


UCD

user-centered design (“以用户为中心的设计”)之首字母縮略詞。


analog signal

digital signal

模擬信號，類比信號，類比訊號

模擬信號，類比信號，類比訊號


annealing

Without annealing, the quality of our metal products will diminish.

如果不进行退火，我们的金属产品质量就会下降。


annealing

anneal 的現在時分詞和動名詞


ARQ

自動復傳請求（automatic request for repetition）

自動錯誤請求設備（automatic error request equipment）

自動校誤機（automatic error correcting device）


automatic test equipment

[电子电机工程]自动测试设备


automaton

派生自古希臘語 αὐτόματον (autómaton)。automat 的同源對似詞。

/ɔːˈtɒmətən/

/ɔːˈtɒməˌtɒn/

/əˈtɑməˌtɑn/


backstream

backstreams (third-person singular present)
backstreaming (present participle)
backstreamed (past participle)


Butterworth filter

由英國工程師和物理學家斯蒂芬·巴特沃思於1930年首次描述。

巴特沃思濾波器，巴特沃斯濾波器 （一種設計為在通帶內具有盡可能平坦的頻率響應的濾波器）


check digit

The last digit of the barcode is a check digit, calculated from the others.

条形码的最后一位数字是校验码，是根据其他数字计算出来的。


color temperature

The typical color temperature of a standard incandescent lamp is about 2400 K.

标准白炽灯的典型色温约为2400K。


COMINT

communications + intelligence 組成的混成詞。對照 HUMINT 等。


compression ratio

未壓縮和有壓縮檔案之間的比率


deionized water

[电子电机工程]去离子水


depolarization

降低極性的行為或結果： 去極化

降低極性的行為或結果： 減少政治兩極化

同類詞：deradicalization


DGPS

Differential Global Positioning System (“差分全球定位系统”)之首字母縮略詞。


DRAM

Dynamic random access memory (“動態隨機存取記憶體”)之首字母縮略詞。


eye pattern

通過LC電路低通濾波器的二進制信號看起來像一排眼睛。


galvanic cell

[电子电机工程]原电池；自發電池；伽伐尼電池


GPS

NavStar

Global Positioning System (“全球定位系統”)之首字母縮略詞。


GPS

global positioning system (“全球定位系統”)之首字母縮略詞。


GPS

GPSes (third-person singular present)
GPSing (present participle)
GPSed (past participle)


local area network

/ˈləʊklˌɛːrɪəˌnɛtwəːk/

A Local Area Network connects all of the computers in our office.

局域網連接我們辦公室的所有電腦。

一個網路，其上的所有設備都使用OSI模型設備層尋址進行通信

一個網路，其上的所有通信都是通過MAC地址的方式傳遞的，而且不經過路由


magnetic resonance

[电子电机工程][信息科技]磁共振、磁力共振


partial pressure

[电子电机工程][氣象]分压力；分壓


radio beacon

emergency position indicating radio beacon


reference electrode

[電機工程]参比电极；參考電極


residence time

[電子電機工程]滞留时间；存留时间


rise time

同類詞：fall time


sealing

seal 的現在時分詞和動名詞


sealing

seal 的現在時分詞和動名詞


SECAM

Sequentiel Couleur à Mémoire (“SECAM制式”)之縮寫，意思為“按順序傳送彩色與存儲”。


shift register

移錄器；移位寄存器；移位暫存器


SRAM

Static random access memory (“靜態隨機存取記憶體”)之首字母縮略詞。

Shadow random access memory (“影子隨機存取記憶體”)之首字母縮略詞。

Short-range attack missile (“近程攻擊導彈”)之首字母縮略詞。


surface potential

[电子电机工程]表面势；表面位能；表面電位


time-invariant system

時不變系統，定常系統、非時變系統


transient state

[電子電機工程]瞬态；暫態；非穩定態；過渡狀態


very large scale integration

very-large-scale integration (alternative)
VLSI (alternative)


best linear unbiased prediction

（畜牧）最佳线性无偏估计


ODBC

Open Database Connectivity (“開放資料庫互連”)之首字母縮略詞。


options

option 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


personal computer

通常歸於Stewart Brand (1974)，但是在此之前已有使用，見引用。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-personal computer.wav

“personal computer”这个词最初广泛应用于任何个人使用的计算机，例如Apple II，并将这类计算机与大型企业的大型机或主要用于电子游戏或控制设备的最小微型计算机区分开来。从20世纪80年代初IBM PC推出后，这一术语常被用来指代IBM PC或至少与该设计高度兼容的计算机，而“PC”这个词甚至更具体地用来指某些能够运行MS-DOS和为IBM PC及其后续机型设计的软件的IBM兼容计算机。
从那以后，这些定义变得更加不精确；通常被认为是PC的硬件和软件特征已经发生了巨大变化，而“personal computer”这个词现在常被用于台式计算机或非专用服务器，这些设备可能运行多用户软件并被多人访问（例如：通过局域网）。更具体的术语（如desktop、laptop、home computer、“Linux工作站”），所有这些都可能基于个人电脑硬件，现在往往更受青睐，除非需要一个非常广泛的术语。

“There is no reason to suppose the average boy or girl cannot be master of a personal computer,” he said.

“他认为，没有理由认为普通的男孩或女孩不能掌握一台个人电脑。”

1962年November3日，John Mauchly（被引）, “Pocket Computer May Replace Shopping List”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Meanwhile the research center is nifty as ever. Virtuoso Peter Deutsch is working on interactive systems for secretaries. They're part way along on the Dynabook fantasy with a working personal computer the size of a breadbox.

与此同时，研究中心依然出色。技术大师彼得·多伊奇正在开发秘书交互系统。他们正在实现Dynabook的幻想，已经研发出一个面包盒大小的个人电脑。

1974，Stewart Brand，II Cybernetic Frontiers，New York: Random House, →ISBN，頁 88:


Portable Network Graphics

可攜式網路圖形，繼承了靜止GIF (GIF 87a)。


programmable read-only memory

programmable read-only memories (plural)


programming language

/ˈpɹəʊɡɹæmɪŋ læŋɡwɪdʒ/

/ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɪŋ læŋɡwɪdʒ/


pwn

網民打 own 時將 o 打成旁邊的 p，而後來被流行起來。

pwns (third-person singular present)
pwning (present participle)
pwned (past participle)
pwnd (past participle)
pwnt (past participle)

2nd guard: "Yeah, shiiit! I PWNED YO @zz!"

1999年August5日，Quaestor，“Re: [SP] So..the first victim of the Evil/Hero System”, in rec.games.computer.ultima.online (Usenet), retrieved 2016-09-23, message-ID <37AA8154.D77E6EB8@Skara.Brae>:

Otherwise I use fury as my normal attack. Fury completely pwns!

When you get to the Temple of Marr, look very closely at the vases at zone-in and see if you can find the picture where Mith Marr "pwns" someone.

My Trident pwns the Cirrus Logics!

NOOBZ STILL R NOT PWNED. CONTINUE PWNERSHIP UNTIL ALL NOOBZ R PWNED.

2005，AlphaDream，Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time，Nintendo:


pwn

網民打 own 時將 o 打成旁邊的 p，而後來被流行起來。

勝利 （在電子游戲中擊敗對手后發出的感嘆。）


ALGOL

國際演算語言；ALGOL語言


Assembly

(the ~ )美国许多州的下级立法机关；地方议会。


Base

源自 base (“短的”)。


Bias

源自古希腊语Βίας (Bías)。

普里恩的毕阿斯，古希腊七贤之一。


Boolean algebra

得名自喬治·布爾（1815—1864），英國數學家、教育家、哲學家。

布爾代數，布林代數，邏輯代數


Branch

布兰奇，美国/加拿大城镇名。


Cam

康河，英格兰河流，穿过剑桥。


Cam

男子名Cameron的昵称。


Cascade

卡斯喀得区，塞舌尔行政区。

卡斯喀德，美国、牙买加和澳大利亚的城镇名。


CPS

陰極穩壓攝像管（cathode potential stabilized emitron）


Chip

男子名克里斯托弗（Christopher）和查尔斯（Charles）的昵称。


Clear

（科学论派）不受影响的一种理想状态。


Dolly

多莉，女子名多萝西（Dorothy）和多洛雷斯（Dolores）的昵称。

（德州扑克）开始的一手拿到9和5。


Hertz

hertz (“赫茲”)的大小寫替代形式


Hue

顺化，越南中部港口城市。

承天顺化省，越南省份，省会顺化。


Junction

美国村镇/城市名，分布于伊利诺伊州、德克萨斯州，犹他州和威斯康辛州。


Morse code

名字來自發明者萨缪尔·摩尔斯。


Mosaic

和摩西或和妥拉有关的（尤指和妥拉中律法相关的）。


RPG

rocket propelled grenade (“火箭推進榴彈”)之首字母縮略詞。

report program generator (“報表編製程式”)之首字母縮略詞。


RPG

RPGs (third-person singular present)
RPGing (present participle)
RPG-ing (present participle)
RPG'ing (present participle)
RPGed (past participle)
RPG'ed (past participle)
RPG'd (past participle)


Reset

（常指计算机的）复位键；重启键


Shutter

兩個主要來源：
* 弓弩手的職業姓氏，源自中古英語 shoten (“射”)的施動者名詞。
* Schutter的美國化拼法。


Singularity

在指時代或事件時，有時候會像此形式一樣首字母大寫。


Tone

河流名，位於英格蘭薩默塞特郡，匯入Parrett河。


pinyin

Pinyin的另一種寫法


pinyin

pinjin (alternative)
pchin-jin (alternative)

Pinyin的另一種寫法


Mrs

……夫人，……太太，Missus或Mistress的缩写，用于成年女性的姓或名前。在1800年代以前，此词可用于任何地位高的女性，不用考虑婚姻状况；1800年代以后，此词用于已婚女性的姓之前。


Buddha

釋迦牟尼佛陀，佛教的創立者; 悉達多·喬達摩。

覺悟或醒悟的有意識生物。


scrotum

非同化借詞，源自拉丁語 scrōtum。

The female labia majora are homologous to the male scrotum.

女性大陰唇與男性陰囊同源。


AS

Anglo-Saxon (“盎格魯-薩克遜”)之首字母縮略詞。

Assam (“阿薩姆”)之縮寫。


AS

aortic stenosis (“主动脉瓣狭窄”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：AD


AS

源自阿拉伯語 عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi s-salāmu，“愿主安福之”)。


ODS

Office of Dietary Supplements (“飲食改善辦公室”)之首字母縮略詞。


ODS

operational data store (“操作型資料儲存”)之首字母縮略詞。


Chinese character

There are no Publick Schools in all China (though ſome Writers have erroneouſly ſet forth the contrary) but every perſon chuſes his own Maſter, by whom he is taught in his Houſe, at his own charge. And in regard of the great difficulty in teaching the Chineſe Characters, in reſpect of their vaſt number and variety, it is impoſſible for one to teach many ſeveral perſons ; and therefore every Maſter of a Family takes an Intſructer into his Houſe for his Children, of whom if there be two or three to learn, they are as many as one Tutor can well teach.

全中国没有公立学校（尽管有些作者错误地提出了相反的说法），但每个人都选择自己的老师，在自己的家里接受老师的教育，由他自己负责。而汉字的教学难度很大，汉字数量众多、种类繁多，一个人不可能教很多人；因此，每个家庭的主人都会为他的孩子们安排一名导师到家里，如果有两三个孩子需要学习，那么一个导师就可以教导尽可能多的孩子。

1669，John Nievhoff，譯者 John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China，London: John Macock，頁 163:

Had it not been for the casual discovery in the year 1625 of a deeply buried black marble tablet near Hsi-an containing nearly 1,700 Chinese characters, and a long list of names of priests in Syriac, the fact that such a sect rooted itself in the Celestial Empire would never have been believed, as indeed after the tablet was unearthed it was for a long time discredited.

如果不是1625年在西安附近偶然发现了一块深埋的黑色大理石碑，上面有近1700个汉字，以及一长串叙利亚文祭司的名字，永远不会有人相信这样一个教派曾扎根于中国。事实上，碑文出土后很长一段时间内都受到了质疑。

1912，Arthur Henderson Smith，“Uplifting Leaders”, in The Uplift of China, →OCLC，頁 117:


human nature

How much innate human nature do you think the human races have left?

The most rapid and most seductive transition in all human nature is that which attends the palliation of a ravenous appetite. There is something humiliating about it.[…]Can those harmless but refined fellow-diners be the selfish cads whose gluttony and personal appearance so raised your contemptuous wrath on your arrival?

1922，Ben Travers，章號 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest:


collect call

這種用法可以說是過時了，因為雖然技術上來說選項仍然存在，但它的使用現在已經不常見了，而它曾經是常見的（約1920年代到1990年代）。

Hello, operator — I'd like to make a collect call.

你好，接線員——我想打一個對方付費電話。


DCC

direct cable connection (“直接電纜連線”)之首字母縮略詞。

deputy chief constable (“警察局副局长”，英聯邦國家警銜之一)之首字母縮略詞。


DCE

data circuit-terminating equipment (“数据电路终接设备”)之首字母縮略詞。


DET

檢波器，探測器（detector之缩写）


downmix

downmixes (third-person singular present)
downmixing (present participle)
downmixed (past participle)


DTS

译码时间标记；解碼時間標記


EIA

Electronic Industries Alliance (“電子工業聯盟”)之首字母縮略詞。

Energy Information Administration (“美國能源資訊管理局”)之首字母縮略詞。


EIA

environmental impact assessment (“环境影响评估”)之首字母縮略詞。


electronic component

* [简体]:电子元件[通信]
* [正體]:電子元件[通訊]
* 正體: 電子元件[通訊工程]
* 正體: 電子組件[電子計算機]


EFT

electronic funds transfer (“電子金融轉帳”)之首字母縮略詞。


EFT

Emotional Freedom Technique (“情緒釋放技術”)之首字母縮略詞。


Fermat's principle

由法國數學家皮埃爾·德·費馬於1662年首次提出。

Fermat's principle of least time

費馬原理（光線在兩點之間所經過的路徑是耗時最少的路徑）

principle of least time

費馬原理（光線在兩點之間所經過的路徑是耗時最少的路徑）

費馬原理（光線在兩點之間所經過的路徑是耗時最少的路徑）

But we now see that, if we use Fermat's principle, a fundamental result of any wave theory, and combine it with de Broglie's assumption about the relation between momentum and wavelength, we are led at once to the principle of least action.

1960，John Clarke Slater，Quantum Theory of Atomic Structure，McGraw-Hill，頁 39:

[…], Keller simply postulates these rays and finds their direction from Fermat's principle adapted to the hypothesis that these rays exist.

1968，Petr Beckmann，The Depolarization of Electromagnetic Waves，Golem Press，頁 108:

[…] students wishing to pursue this branch of physics further will find that refraction too can be explained in terms of Fermat's principle.

1976, Donald E. Tilley, Walter Thumm, Physics for College Students, Cummings Publishing Company, 第558頁,


GSS

Government Statistical Service (“政府統計服務”)之首字母縮略詞。

In yesterday’s GSS supplement, we ran an article on Water Sculptures, a series of dance and music performance by Lifeskills & Lifestyle at People’s Association.

2001年June9日，Today，“Great Singapore Sale supplement amendments”, in NewspaperSG:

The offer price lasts till the end of the GSS so hurry. .

2009年July8日，Mr Brown，“Dahon Curve SL special offer”, in Mr Brown.com:

The total amount spent during the two-month GSS was US$1.4 billion this year, up US$1 million from the US$1.3billion in the same period last year.

2012年August10日，Rchia，“Shoppers spend $1.74b this GSS using their MasterCards”, in Asiaone.com:

Stay vigilant while shopping during GSS: Police.

2013年May31日，Natalie Kuan，“Stay vigilant while shopping during GSS: Police”, in The Straits Times:

But shoppers do not have to wait till the GSS starts to go bargain hunting.

2015年May25日，Rebecca Tan Hui Shan，“No need to wait for Great Singapore Sale: Guide to the sales already on at retailers around town”, in The Straits Times:

During the GSS, retailers here offer steep discounts, sometimes up to 70 per cent off their original prices.

2016，YourSingapore，“The Great Singapore Sale”, in YourSingapore.com:


GTD

Grand Touring/Tourer Daytona之首字母縮略詞。源自為戴通納國際賽道設計的豪華旅行車賽車級別及相關的賽事/賽道。

GT Daytona

封閉式座艙的四埨封閉賽車比賽

Grand Touring Daytona

封閉式座艙的四埨封閉賽車比賽

GT

封閉式座艙的四埨封閉賽車比賽

封閉式座艙的四埨封閉賽車比賽

同類詞：GTLM、DP


GTD

同類詞：GTLM、DP


IARU

International Amateur Radio Union (“國際業餘無線電聯盟”)之首字母縮略詞。

International Alliance of Research Universities (“國際研究型大學聯盟”)之首字母縮略詞。

Irish Amateur Rowing Union (“爱尔兰业余赛艇联盟”)之首字母縮略詞。


JW

jamming war (“電子干擾戰”)之首字母縮略詞。


longwave

長波的（波長大於1000米的）


Mika

* [简体]:米卡(西德研究卫星)[通信]
* [正體]:米卡(西德研究衛星)[通訊]
* 正體: 米卡［西德研究衛星］[通訊工程]


optoelectronic device

* [简体]:光电元件，光电组件[通信]
* [正體]:光電元件[通訊]
* 正體: 光電元件[通訊工程]
* 正體: 光電子裝置[電子計算機]


PLCP

Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (“物理层会聚协议”)之首字母縮略詞。


PTT

professional technical trainer (“专业技术培训师”)之首字母縮略詞。

postal telephone and telegraph (“邮政电话和电报”)之首字母縮略詞。

platform terminal transmitter (“平台终端发射机”)之首字母縮略詞。

Partitioning tracer test (“分区示踪试验”)之首字母縮略詞。

partial thromboplastin time (“部分凝血活酶时间”)之首字母縮略詞。

protein truncation test (“蛋白截断实验”)之首字母縮略詞。

part task trainer (“部分任务训练器”)之首字母縮略詞。


PTT

push-to-talk / press-to-talk / push-to-transmit / press-to-transmit之首字母縮略詞。


RFA

Royal Fleet Auxiliary (“皇家海軍輔助艦隊”)之首字母縮略詞。

Royal Field Artillery (“皇家野戰炮兵”)之首字母縮略詞。

Radio Free Asia (“自由亞洲電台”)之首字母縮略詞。


RFA

FA

restricted free agent (“受限自由球員”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：UFA

request for application (“申請請求”)之首字母縮略詞。


RFI

Request for Information (“信息請求”)之首字母縮略詞。

remote file inclusion (“遠程文件包含”)之首字母縮略詞。


sampling period

[電機工程][通訊工程]抽样周期；采样周期；取樣週期


satcoms

The cost of installing a satcoms system will soon be recovered.

But no-one can dispute that satcoms make for more efficient fleet management and safer ships.

1995，Fairplay international shipping weekly:


SBS

sick building syndrome (“病態建築症候群”)之首字母縮略詞。

shaken baby syndrome (“嬰兒搖晃症候群”)之首字母縮略詞。


SBS

Singapore Bus Service (“新加坡巴士有限公司”)之首字母縮略詞。

Special Broadcasting Service (“特別廣播服務公司”)之首字母縮略詞。

Seoul Broadcasting System (“首爾放送”)之首字母縮略詞。


SLM

Sudan Liberation Movement (“蘇丹解放運動”)之首字母縮略詞，亦稱作 SLA


SLM

Single Longitudinal Mode laser (“单纵模激光器”)之首字母縮略詞。


SSB

同類詞：SB、VSB、DSB

social security board (“社會保障委員會”)之首字母縮略詞。

To get a bit technical for a moment, the specific feature that Mozilla abandoned is called “site-specific browsers,” or SSBs.

2021年January26日，Jared Newman，“Firefox just walked away from a key piece of the open web”, in Fast Company:

star schema benchmark (“星型模式基準”)之首字母縮略詞。


SSB

Super Smash Brothers (“任天堂明星大亂鬥”)之首字母縮略詞。

Standard Southern British (“標準英國南部英語”)之首字母縮略詞。


SSM

start-up, shutdown or malfunction (“啟動、關閉或故障”)之首字母縮略詞。


stability

This platform offers good stability.

Globalization has re-ordered the global economy in ways that are destructive to civic stability, as decentralized, localized producers cannot compete with globalized, commoditized crops, capital, labor and goods.

2025年February13日，Charles Hugh Smith，The Not-So-Strange Paradox of American Power and Dysfunction:


telecast

telecasts (third-person singular present)
telecasting (present participle)
telecast (past participle)
telecasted (past participle)

Cooley currently is ironing out details of the proposed kinescoping with Klaus Landsberg, topper at KTLA, over whose facilities the hour-long show has been telecast […]

[The Kumbh Mela festival] would be telecast across the country.

[大壶节] 将在全国范围内进行电视转播。

2025年January29日，Aakash Hassan，“He went to capture the beauty of Hinduism. Then the stampede happened. [他去捕捉印度教之美。然后发生了踩踏事件。]”, in The Christian Science Monitor:


telecast

電視廣播（尤指演播室以外的）

By the time the telecast starts, you’ll be an industry insider.

等到电视转播开始时，你就会成为业内人士了。

2020年January23日，Scottie Andrew, Allen Kim and Tiffany Baker，“How to talk about the Grammys best new artist nominees like a pro [如何像专业人士一样谈论格莱美最佳新人提名者]”, in CNN:


telephone conference

The four of us should hold a telephone conference next week.

我們四個人應該下星期開一次電話會議。


TCU

transmission control unit (“變速箱控制單元”)之首字母縮略詞。


Van Allen radiation belt

來自詹姆斯·范·艾倫，英國物理學家。


WT

weight之縮寫。 加权，衡重

weight之縮寫。 重量


yellow pages

來自電話簿都使用黃色紙張印刷。


available bit rate

有效位速率，可用比特率；可用位元速率，可用位元率


analog-to-digital converter

模数转换器，類比/數位轉換器


ADCCP

高级数据通信控制规程，高等資料通訊控制程式（Advanced Data Communication Control Procedure）


alarm indication signal

告警指示信號，告警指示訊號（縮寫：AIS）


automatic level control

自动电平控制（器），自動（信號）位元准控制，自動（信號）位準控制


all-over

Charing Cross station of the old South-Eastern Railway differed much in appearance from that of today, as it had an arched all-over roof, which collapsed some nine years later and was replaced by the present one.

1939 June，T. R. Perkins，“My Red-Letter Day - II”, in Railway Magazine，頁 399:


AC/DC

more AC/DC (comparative)
most AC/DC (superlative)

The woman had great difficulty explaining it. ‘You know, AC–DC,’ she kept repeating. Finally she said, ‘Swings both ways.’ ‘Oh, you mean bisexual,’ Sandy said, ‘Yeah,’ the woman said, ‘AC–DC.’

1997，Nancy Toder，Choices，1980, page 132, 引於 Bisexual Imaginary: Representation, Identity, and Desire, Cassell, →OCLC，頁 98:


ARTA

美国无线电报务员协会（American Radio Telegraphists Association之缩写）


async

The tradeoff is that the first time an async event causes a scheduling point, it incurs the thread creation overhead that it has avoided.

2002，Peter Dibble，Real-time Java platform programming:


automatic volume control

自動音量控制；自動響度控制


BSS

base station subsystem (“基地台子系統”)之首字母縮略詞。

business support system (“業務支撐系統”)之首字母縮略詞。


building block

Words are the building blocks of a language.

Cells are the building blocks of life.


CAU

configuration assignment unit (“組態指定單位”) 之首字母縮略詞。


CDM

code division multiplex / code division multiplexing (“码分多路复用”)之首字母縮略詞。


CRE

carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (“耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌”)之首字母縮略詞。


CKT

circuit (“電路，線路”)之縮寫。


CASE

computer aided software engineering (“電腦輔助軟體工程”)之首字母縮略詞。

common application service element (“公用應用服務元件”)之首字母縮略詞。

coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers 的合稱。


abelian group

以挪威數學家尼爾斯·亨利克·阿貝爾（1802–1829）的名字命名。

Let G and H be partially ordered abelian groups. A positive homomorphism from G to H is any abelian group

1986年，Partially Ordered Abelian Groups with Interpolation，美國數學學會，2010年平裝再版，第12頁,

Chapter 2 is a brief introduction to some fundamental techniques for countable torsion-free abelian groups.

2000年，David Arnold，Abelian Groups and Representations of Finite Partially Ordered Sets，Springer，第1版平裝再版，第74頁,

By the end of Chapter 2 we had the full power of the Pontryagin Duality Theorem for compact abelian groups and for discrete abelian groups. Locally compact abelian groups are much closer to compact abelian groups than is apparent at first sight.

到第2章結束時，我們已經掌握了緊緻阿貝爾群和離散阿貝爾群的龐特里亞金對偶定理的全部力量。局部緊緻阿貝爾群與緊緻阿貝爾群的相似性比乍看之下更為接近。

2013，Karl H. Hofmann, Sidney A. Morris，The Structure of Compact Groups: A Primer for the Student: A Handbook for the Expert，Walter de Gruyter，頁 299:


abscissa

源自 [拉丁語 linea] abscissa 的省略，abscissus 的陰性形式，abscindō (“截斷”) 的完成被動分詞。參見 abscind。

abscissas (plural)
abscissae (plural)
abscissæ (plural)


acoustic wave

* 正體: 聲波；音波[電機工程]
* 简体: 声波[大气]
* 正體: 聲波[氣象]
* 正體: 聲波[電子工程]


critical condition

[電機工程]臨界情形，臨界條件


alloyed

more alloyed (comparative)
most alloyed (superlative)

Their pleasure was alloyed with misfortune.

他們的快樂與不幸交織在一起。


alloyed

alloy 的過去式和過去分詞


name plate

The 4-6-0s are named after governors of the Gold Coast, and carry a curved metal name plate over the middle splasher.

1948 November and December，W. S. Darby，“The Gold Coast Railway—2”, in Railway Magazine，頁 367:


nasal consonant

同類詞：nasal vowel


nautical mile

海里，等同於1852公尺（又大約等同於6076英尺或1.151法定英里）

An even more impressive nineteenth-century militarized lighthouse is found on the Taiwanese Wuchiu island, located just 20 nautical miles off the Chinese coast. While much of the surrounding military structure has been demolished, its black tower and high walls painted in camouflage colours stand as reminders of the contested history of this small frontier island.

距離中國海岸僅20海里的台灣烏坵島上有一座更令人印象深刻的19世紀軍事燈塔。雖然周圍大部分的軍事建築已被拆除，但其黑色塔樓和塗有迷彩顏色的高牆仍然提醒著人們這個邊境小島有爭議的歷史。

2022，Veronica della Dora，Where Light in Darkness Lies: The Story of the Lighthouse, →ISBN, →OCLC:

sea mile之同義詞、斯堪的納維亞歷史上使用的距離單位，約等於4海里


amplifier

能使某物放大或變得更強烈的事物

The football team is not an extension of Iran’s leaders, but is in fact the opposite, seen as an amplifier for freedom, group expression, modernity.

足球队不是伊朗领导人的延伸，事实上恰恰相反，它被视为自由、群体表达和现代化的放大器。

2022年November21日，Barney Ronay，“Iran’s brave and powerful gesture is a small wonder from a World Cup of woe”, in The Guardian:

增加強度的副詞，如“really”、“totally”


neutron absorption

[電機工程]中子吸收（作用）


short circuit

short circuits (third-person singular present)
short circuiting (present participle)
short circuited (past participle)

繞過一個或多個中間步驟，使進行的過程在自然結束前終止

[H]is temporarily successful attempt to smear Redfield is an effort to short-circuit the narrative into premature and mistaken resolution.

1998，Catherine Nickerson，The Web of Iniquity:

You do not need to follow your entire sales cycle if the customer wants to short-circuit it for you.

2002，Jim Kasper，Short Cycle Selling: Beating Your Competitors in the Sales Race:

My mother, determined to short-circuit my outcry, would match my objections by pointing out an inherent reward for doing such work.

2003，Gina Hens-Piazza，Nameless, Blameless, and Without Shame: Two Cannibal Mothers Before a King:

At times, the Knicks’ offense looked short-circuited. Anthony, despite his cold hand, kept shooting. / “They all feel good, to be honest with you,” Anthony said. “It wasn’t long, it wasn’t short, they were bouncing off the rim, they were chippers, the same shot I hit all the time so I can’t stop taking my shots.”

2016年November28日，Mike Vorkunov，“Despite Flash of Rose’s Prime, Knicks Are Dazed by Westbrook and Thunder”, in The New York Times:

For example, to short-circuit the "LoggedIn()" or "LogIn()" "if" conditional, replace the "Or" with "OrElse" and the statement is interpreted to mean "if not logged in, then log in".

2002，Paul Kimmel，Visual Basic.Net Unleashed:

If you would like to short-circuit, you must replace "And" with the "AndAlso" keyword and "Or" with the "OrElse" keyword, as follows....

2002，Jose Mojico，C# and VB.NET Conversion Pocket Reference:

The "Demand" is done to ensure that you have indeed been granted this permission before using the "Assert" to short-circuit the stackwalk.

2006: Jay Hillard & Stephen Teilhet, C# Cookbook


heat conduction

[電機工程]導熱；熱傳導


signal-noise ratio

[電機工程]信號噪聲比；訊號雜訊比


dead man

deadman的另一種拼寫法


decimal number

13+¹⁄₄ is 13.25 as a decimal number.

13+¹⁄₄是13.25的十進制數。


arc lamp

arc-lamp (alternative)
arc lamps (plural)

He walked. To the corner of Hamilton Place and Picadilly, and there stayed for a while, for it is a romantic station by night. The vague and careless rain looked like threads of gossamer silver passing across the light of the arc-lamps.

1922，Michael Arlen，“Ep./1/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:


nuclear isomer

[電機工程]異構核；核同質異構素；同核異構體；同核異構物


number theory

Factorization has driven many great discoveries in number theory.

因式分解推動了數論中的許多重大發現。


assembly language

A skilled programmer can write very fast code in assembly language.


AMU

atomic mass unit (“原子質量單位”)之首字母縮略詞。

astronaut maneuvering unit (“宇航員操縱單位”)之首字母縮略詞。

同類詞：MMU (manned maneuvering unit)、SAFER、zip gun、jet pack、rocket pack、jet belt、rocket belt


AMU

Aligarh Muslim University (“阿里格爾穆斯林大學”)之首字母縮略詞。


derived unit

The derived unit of electrical resistance (ohm) is derived from length, mass, time, and electric current.

电阻的导出单位（欧姆）源自长度、质量、时间和电流。


on-air

on air的另一種拼寫法，尤其是用作定語時

He agreed to an on-air interview.


aurora australis

借自新拉丁語 aurōra austrālis，源自拉丁語 aurōra austrālis (字面意思是“南邊的黎明”)。


soot blower

In order to deal with deposits of soot on boiler-tubes while running, especially if poor coal is in use, locomotives are often now provided with blowers on the firebox back-plate which can be made to discharge a jet of high pressure steam towards the firebox tubeplates; this has the effect of loosening and blowing off the soot deposits.

1944 May and June，“The Why and the Wherefore: Locomotive Soot Blowers”, in Railway Magazine，頁 194:


dielectric constant

[電機工程][通訊工程]（電）介質常數，介電常數


differential equation

最早出自數學家查爾斯·海耶斯1704年的著作。仿譯自拉丁語 aequatio differentialis，萊布尼茨在1676年造出了這個拉丁語詞彙。


spacecraft

太空機；太空船；宇宙飛船；


automation

The presidential campaign has been more focused on Bain Capital and an “apology tour” than on the challenges created by globalization and automation.

2012年October24日，David Leonhardt，“Standard of Living Is in the Shadows as Election Issue”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

When deployed by monopolies / cartels, automation institutionalizes mediocrity, and soon everyone forgets excellence and quality because they no longer have any experience of either one.

2025年February14日，Charles Hugh Smith，Automation Institutionalizes Mediocrity:


spatial distribution

[電機工程]空間分布，分佈或系列地理的觀察，用來代表橫亙地表許多區域的某一特殊現象或特徵行為之評值。


specific activity

[電機工程]比活性；比活度


specific conductance

[電機工程]導電係數；电导率；电导系数


direct access

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见direct、access。


spinning top

Patel says the muons behave a bit like a child’s spinning top, in rotating around the axis of the magnetic field. However, as the muons move, they wobble.

帕特尔说，μ子的行为有点像小孩的陀螺，它们围绕磁场轴旋转。然而，当μ子移动时，它们会摆动。

2023年August11日，Nicola Davis，“Scientists may be on brink of discovering fifth force of nature”, in The Guardian:


backsource

backsources (third-person singular present)
backsourcing (present participle)
backsourced (past participle)

將過去外包的工作帶回公司執行


discrete variable

斷續變數，離散變數，離散型變量


stand-by

[...] a "Britannia" Pacific, No. 70006, was kept as a stand-by at March.

1962 April，“Motive power miscellany: Eastern Region”, in Modern Railways，頁 279:


injecter

[…] young people who are starting to inject or are at risk of becoming injecters; […]

2010，Rowdy Yates，Margaret S. Malloch，Tackling Addiction: Pathways to Recovery，頁 171:


steam turbine

It was opened in 1904 as the largest traction power station in Europe and one of the first to use steam turbines, which have been the only game in town for power stations ever since.

2012，Andrew Martin，Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube，Profile Books, ISBN 978-1846684777，頁 139:


performance test

(美國律師資格考試中的) 法律任務模擬測試


blind spot

blindspot (alternative)
blind spots (plural)


blow down

blows down (third-person singular present)
blowing down (present participle)
blew down (past)
blown down (past participle)

I'll huff and I'll puff and I'll blow your house down.

Part of the shed was recently blown down in a gale and has been removed, leaving rather inadequate accommodation.

1951 June，“Notes and News: Eskdale Railway Rolling Stock”, in Railway Magazine，頁 424:

A tree had been blown down on the track east of Chippenham. Bath Spa station became a scene of milling confusion. One minute we were told that trains were running. Then they weren't. Then they were again. Not a sound basis on which to try rejigging a business trip.

2020年June3日，Andrew Mourant，“A safer railway in a greener habitat”, in RAIL，頁 58:

同類詞：rinse down、wash down

Blow down this enclosure and do some chip handling before you run this machine any further.


dynamic equilibrium

[電機工程]動力平衡；動態平衡


surface layer

[電機工程]表面層；表層


isothermal process

[電機工程][氣象]等溫程序；等溫過程


burglar alarm

防盜報警器發出的響亮警報訊號


butt joint

Using the lap joint in any of its applications provides strength in a cabinet where a butt joint would or could be used.

1990，Byron W. Maguire，Cabinetmaking: From Design to Finish，Carlsbad, CA: Craftsman，頁 234:


electromagnetic radiation

As the public hears the name EMR Syndrome repeated in various applications related to health effects, it will begin to link EMR/electromagnetic radiation to those health effects. Over time the meaning of EMR will take hold and be understood for the environmental threat it is.

(Can we date this quote?)，The Home-page for 'Electromagnetic Radiation Syndrome':


positive potential

[電機工程]正電位；正电势


power station

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-power station.wav


primary color

[测绘学][計算機]原色


thermal couple

[電機工程]熱偶；温差电偶


emergency service

Only when one has seen a Control Office at first-hand does one realise the vast amount of unsparing but largely unsung work that is behind the eventual publication, perhaps, of a paragraph in this journal's "Motive Power Miscellany" recording the appearance, within hours of the complete blockage of a main line, of many of its trains, passenger and freight, on routes quite foreign to them; and of effective emergency services either side of the disaster area.

1962 August，G. Freeman Allen，“Traffic control on the Great Northern Line”, in Modern Railways，頁 133:


probability theory

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-probability theory.wav


enrichment factor

[電機工程]濃化因數，富集因數，浓缩[富集]因子


pulse-code modulation

[電機工程]脈波電碼調變；脈碼調變


circuit breaker

From the evidence of witnesses and of the recorded passing times, including the time at which the circuit breakers were tripped when the wires were brought down, the train was travelling at a speed of not less than 70 m.p.h.

根据目击者的证词和记录下的通过时间，包括电线被拉下时断路器跳闸的时间来判断，火车的行驶速度应不低于每小时 70 英里。

1961 November，“Talking of Trains: Derailment near Holmes Chapel”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 652:

Typically traction packages monitor the supply frequency and if it strays outside pre-set limits open the circuit breaker between the pantograph and the transformer to shut off the power.

通常，牵引装置会监控电源频率，如果偏离预设的限值，则打开受电弓和变压器之间的断路器以切断电源。

2019 October，Roger Ford，“Power failure highlights specification confusion”, in Modern Railways，頁 27:

为防止流行病（尤其是COVID-19）传播而采取的隔离措施

用于检测故障并防止其不断重复发生的设计模式


Pythagorean theorem

以傳統上認為提出此定理的古希臘數學家 Pythagoras（来自古希臘語 Πυθαγόρας (Puthagóras)）命名。

Baudhayana theorem

畢達哥拉斯定理，畢氏定理，勾股定理

Gougu theorem

畢達哥拉斯定理，畢氏定理，勾股定理

畢達哥拉斯定理，畢氏定理，勾股定理

The Pythagorean theorem only applies to right triangles.

畢氏定理只適用於直角三角形。


extended target

(電子工程) 延伸目標，扩展目标


radar cross section

其他形式：(縮寫) RCS


extinction coefficient

[電機工程][氣象]消光係數


Faraday

法拉第，源自愛爾蘭語的姓氏。

麥可·法拉第（Michael Faraday），英國化學家、物理學家


color filter

[電機工程]濾色器，濾色片


fire extinguisher

/ˈfaɪəɹ ɪkˌstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ.ə(ɹ)/


fly ash

由 fly (“飛行，飛翔”，已棄用；名詞) + ash 構成的複合詞。

同類詞：bottom ash (“底灰”)、potash (“鉀鹼”)

Heat exchangers should be kept free of debris to minimize the possibility of fire. Fly ash deposited in heat exchangers may cause nonuniform temperatures. Therefore, the exchangers should be disconnected and cleaned out regularly.

1956 December，Edmund F. Rasmussen [et al.]，“Heating System”, in Inspection and Maintenance of Lumber Dry Kilns and Equipment: Information on Ways and Means of Keeping Lumber Dry Kilns Operating Efficiently (Report no. 1900-4)，Madison, Wis.: Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture in association with the University of Wisconsin, →OCLC，頁 19:

Among new freight vehicles was a prototype 21-ton wagon with pressure discharge for the conveyance of fly ash from power stations, […]

1964 August，“BR [British Rail] in 1963 – ‘We have Turned the Financial Corner’”, in Modern Railways，Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 115:

Furnaces and boilers with horizontal heating surfaces require frequent cleaning, because fly ash (fine powdery ash) collects on these surfaces.

1975 May，Joseph W[inslow] Simons，“Fuels and Burners”, in Home Heating: Systems, Fuels, Controls (Farmers’ Bulletin; no. 2235)，Washington, D.C.: Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, →OCLC，頁 19，列 2:

Besides our sending out of cement by rail, we also bring in pulverised fly-ash, typically once a week, which comes from Drax Power Station and is used in the cement manufacturing process, […]

2022年September7日，Gareth David，“Class 20 Stronghold in the Peak District”, in Rail，期 965, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 45:


vapor pressure

[電機工程]汽壓；蒸汽压[力]


retention period

[電機工程]保留週期；保存週期；保存时间；保持期間


viscous fluid

[電機工程][大气]黏性流體


frequency domain

[電機工程]頻（率領）域


waste recovery

[環境]廢料收復；廢棄物再利用，指從廢棄物獲取物質或能源的過程。


water supply

給水；供水，可供使用的水源，同時包含水庫、井、渠道和處理設施等能夠使水成為可得且可用水源的系統。


water tank

watertank (alternative)
water tanks (plural)


gamma ray

加馬射線；伽碼射線；伽馬射線；γ射線


sampling error

抽樣誤差，取樣誤差，采样误差


Gaussian distribution

[電機工程][通訊工程]高士分布；高斯分佈；高斯分配


wiring diagram

Because most diesel failures can be traced to electrical faults, minor in themselves but often difficult to pin-point, any unscheduled halt during a trial run is often the signal for the frenzied unfolding of wiring diagrams and the appearance of an impressive array of voltmeters and circuit testers.

由于大多数柴油机故障都可以追溯到电气故障，这些故障本身并不严重，但往往很难查明原因，因此试运行期间的任何计划外停止通常都会导致配线图疯狂展开，并出现大量电压表和电路测试仪。

1962 April，R. K. Evans，“The Acceptance Testing of Diesel Locomotives”, in Modern Railways，頁 268:


x-band

X波帶/X頻帶，範圍從8.0到12.0赫茲。


SPX

Sequenced Packet Exchange (“序列分組交換”)之首字母縮略詞。


rain cats and dogs

rain dogs and cats (alternative)
rains cats and dogs (third-person singular present)
raining cats and dogs (present participle)
rained cats and dogs (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-rain cats and dogs.ogg

有關本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:rain cats and dogs。


來自各個宗教、哲學和基本人權理的"ethic of reciprocity"或者"Golden Rule"(黃金律)。
英文的通用說法:
:"do to others what you would like to be done to you"
或
:"do not do to others what you would not like to be done to you"
受英國哲學家约翰·洛克(John Locke)的影響。
第一次英文的"Do unto other"是在英國天主教西元一五六七年「公教要理」("Catechism")中出現。主要來自於新約聖經《路加福音》("Book of Luke")中耶穌("Jesus of Nazareth")說到:
:"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you."


action rule

作業規則
作業規則包含一組指示活動執行的規則，通常作業規則會和資料庫裡面所存在的特徵進行比對，如果條件符合特徵描述，便可以由系統自動依據所事先定義的作業規則執行特定活動。
作業規則也可以是一組提供人員種人操作指示，包括判斷條件、操作步驟及訊息描述。


theorem

派生自中古法語 théorème，來自晚期拉丁語 theōrēma，來自古希臘語 θεώρημα (theṓrēma)。

/ˈθiː.ə.ɹəm/


anti-clockwise

n.逆時針方向；反時針方向


sufficient

（过时）能够履行义务的；负有责任的。


Hi

男子名，Hiram 的缩词。


ACM

abstract control model (“抽象控制模型”)之首字母縮略詞。


AFA

Associate of the Faculty of Actuaries (“英國精算師協會准學士”)之首字母縮略詞。


AFA

American Family Association (“美國家庭協會”)之首字母縮略詞。


antijamming

Most military radios have some antijamming capability so they can be used in spite of the enemy's efforts to render them inoperative.

絕大多數的軍用電台都有抗干擾能力，所以即使有敵軍嘗試干擾，也能保持運作。

The new copier had an antijamming design to keep the paper from getting stuck.

這台新的複印機有防卡住的設計，出紙時紙不會發生堵塞。


ALN

[通訊工程]校準（alignment之缩写）

[通訊]對準，調整，調節，定位，定中心，使成一直線（align之缩写）


angels

angel 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


American Standard Code for Information Interchange


risetime

By using the correlation between risetime and position we were able to obtain a measured resolution of 92 #92;mum (FWHM), corresponding to an intrinsic resolution of 64 #92;mum (FMHM) for a single Z-stack MCP detector.

2015，Davinder Siwal, B.B. Wiggins, R. T. deSouza，“Using pulse shape analysis to improve the position resolution of a resistive anode microchannel plate detector”, in arXiv:


ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol (“互联网控制消息协议”)之首字母縮略詞。

International Commission on Missing Persons (“失蹤人員國際委員會”)之首字母縮略詞。

For 10 years, the International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP) has been assembling data on the 40,000 civilians who disappeared in the wars that followed the break-up of the former Yugoslavia.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2006, Sally Lehrman. "Missing No Longer", Scientific American, 295 (3): 18.


Internet Protocol

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Internet Protocol.wav


SAR

分段重装子层（segmentation and resassembly sublayer之缩写）


ADF

automatic direction finder (“自動方向探知機”)之首字母縮略詞。

automatic document feeder (“自動輸稿器”)之首字母縮略詞。

Application Development Framework (of Oracle) (“Oracle應用程式開發框架”)之首字母縮略詞。


AFC

American Football Conference (“美國美式足球聯會”)之首字母縮略詞。

Adelaide Football Club (“阿德萊德澳式足球會”)之首字母縮略詞。

Application Foundation Classes (“應用程序基類”)之首字母縮略詞。

additional finance charges (“額外財務費用”)之首字母縮略詞。

Automatic Frequency Control (“自動頻率控制”)之首字母縮略詞。

Asian Football Confederation (“亞洲足球聯盟”)之首字母縮略詞。

Arsenal Football Club (“阿森納足球俱樂部”)之首字母縮略詞。


AFC

automated fare collection (“自動售檢票系統”)之首字母縮略詞。

Association Football Club (“足球俱樂部”)之首字母縮略詞。

average frustrated chump (“感情中失意的平庸男性”)之首字母縮略詞。


ATWS

掃描時自動追蹤［雷達］（automatic track while scanning之缩写）


AUX

輔助設備，輔助的，備用的，附加的（auxiliary之缩写）


avalanche photodiode

雪崩光电二极管；崩潰檢光器，崩潰檢光二極體


APB

backward adaptive prediction (“向後調適預測”)之首字母縮略詞。


AQB

Appraisal Qualification Board (“鑒定資格委員會”)之首字母縮略詞。


SNR

信號雜訊比（signal-to-noise ratio/signal to noise ratio之缩写）


antennal

more antennal (comparative)
most antennal (superlative)


CAP

catabolite activator protein (“解物激活蛋白”) 之首字母縮略詞。

community-acquired pneumonia (“社区获得性肺炎”) 之首字母縮略詞。

consistency, availability, partition-tolerance 之首字母縮略詞。

change acceleration process (“变革加速进程”) 之首字母縮略詞。


CAP

Common Agricultural Policy (“共同农业政策”) 之首字母縮略詞。


microwave oven

同類詞：conventional oven、convection oven、induction oven

分體詞：carousel


CNR

carrier to noise ratio (“載波-干擾功率比”)之首字母縮略詞。


CB

competition best / championship best (“賽會最佳成績”)之首字母縮略詞。

centre-back (“中後衛”)之首字母縮略詞。

center back (“後中線”)之首字母縮略詞。

Cajal body (“卡哈尔体”)之首字母縮略詞。


CB

‘Twenty days C.B.,’ said one. ‘Twenty years, more likely,’ said another.

1974, GB Edwards, The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, New York 2007, p. 133:

chemical and biological (“化學及生物的”)之首字母縮略詞。


CB

Cape Breton (“布雷頓角”)之首字母縮略詞。


CBR

cosmic background radiation (“宇宙背景辐射”)之首字母縮略詞。

VBR


CC

carbon copy (“複寫本”)之首字母縮略詞。

cricket club (“板球俱樂部”)之首字母縮略詞。

cycling club (“騎行俱樂部”)之首字母縮略詞。

Circuit Court (“巡迴法院”)之首字母縮略詞。

credit card (“信用卡”)之首字母縮略詞。

Change to larger needles and knit 1 rnd in CC, inc 3 (4, 5) sts evenly […]

2011, Barb Brown, Knitting Knee-Highs: Sock Styles from Classic to Contemporary (page 55)

closed caption (“隱藏式字幕”)之首字母縮略詞。

City College (“城市大學”)之首字母縮略詞。

cruiser (“巡洋艦”)之縮寫。

At the helm of Company Eleven was Chief Quartermaster Pritchard. Officially he was known as the Company Commander (CC) and had been assigned to Camp Moffett for the purpose of being our CC. […] Successful CC's often had their detractors in the form ofjealous and less successful CC's.

2013，David Banagis，Twenty-Three Days at Sea: A Sailor's Story，Bloomington, IN: Abbott Press, →ISBN，頁 9:


CC

CCs (third-person singular present)
CCing (present participle)
CCed (past participle)


CC

cement-coated (“鍍有水泥的”)之首字母縮略詞。


CSDN

circuit-switched data network (“線換式資訊網路”)之首字母縮略詞。


CL

light cruiser (“輕巡洋艦”)之首字母縮略詞。

closer (“终结者”)之縮寫。


CL

Catalonia (“加泰羅尼亞，加泰隆尼亞”)之縮寫。


CLR

But we can't use function pointers as we would in C++, and not just for the ideological reason that it doesn't enter into the spirit of the brave new pointerless world of the CLR.

2003, Ian Griffiths, Matthew Adams, .NET Windows forms in a nutshell (page 18)

current limiting resistor (“限流电阻”)之首字母縮略詞。

cell loss ratio (“信元丢失率”)之首字母縮略詞。

computer language recorder (“計算機語言記錄器”)之首字母縮略詞。

clear (“清除；歸零”)的縮約形。


CMOS

基於CMOS的影像感測器


CDMA

code division multiple access (“碼分多址接取”)之首字母縮略詞。


CPSK

coherent phase-shift keying (“同調相移鍵控”)之首字母縮略詞。


TELNET

telnet的另一種寫法


time-multiplexed switching

时隙复用交换，時間多工交換機


time-stamp

time-stamps (third-person singular present)
time-stamping (present participle)
time-stamped (past participle)


CRC

循環複核字元（cycle redundancy check character）


CT

Central Time (“美國中部時間”)之首字母縮略詞。

Coffin Texts (“棺椁文”)之首字母縮略詞。


CT

computed tomography (“計算機斷層”)之首字母縮略詞。
計算機斷層掃描

cold turkey (“突然戒毒”)之首字母縮略詞。

camel toe (“駱駝趾”)之首字母縮略詞。


NFC

National Football Conference (“國家美式足球聯會”)之首字母縮略詞。


NFC

near field communication (“近場通訊”)之首字母縮略詞。

Normalization Form: (Canonical) Composition之首字母縮略詞。

noise feedback coding (“雜訊回授編碼”)之首字母縮略詞。

negative feedback circuit (“負回饋電路”)之首字母縮略詞。


universal constant

自然常數；通用常數；普適恆量；普適常數


nuclear radiation

[通訊工程]核輻射；核子輻射


VOA

vertex operator algebra (“頂點算子代數”)之首字母縮略詞。


OOK

開關鍵控，啟閉鍵控，二元振幅鍵控（on-off keying）


WB

whole blood (“全血”)之首字母縮略詞。

world's best (“世界最好成績”)之首字母縮略詞。

wide band (“寬頻帶”)之首字母縮略詞。


WB

welcome back (“歡迎回來”)之首字母縮略詞。


environmental noise

[環境][通訊工程]環境噪音，環境雜訊，指來自周圍環境所有污染源的聲音與其特性。


actinon

氡的同位素（²¹⁹₈₆Rn）；錒射氣


abstract data type

同類詞：algebraic data type


airscrew

任何工作流體是空氣的驅動盤


aluminium bronze

鋁青銅，含5%-10%鋁的銅合金


all told

來自all + told (“計算”)，來自tell的本義，現為古舊義項。

I think they had over 300 people there, all told.


angle of attack

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见angle、attack。


anodizing

anodize 的現在時分詞和動名詞


anchor's aweigh

当锚被拉起并且不再锚固在船底时，对起锚命令的响应

Then the mate called again to the captain, “Anchor’s aweigh, sir!” while the men kept on heaving.

[1928] 1988, Frederick Pease Harlow, The Making of a Sailor http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&hl=en&vid=ISBN0486256138&id=maCNIgbmJMgC&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&sig=9Fd6uA0SsfwXRKuI4mZqnZokyAU

Amory’s voice came again from the fo’c’sle. ‘Anchor’s aweigh, sir.’

‘Anchor’s apeak — they pawl and back — ’ At this moment the American frigate fired a gun, dropped her topgallantsails, and sheeted them home. ‘Anchor’s aweigh,’ called Broke. ‘He plucked it up in fine style.’

1994，Patrick O'Brian，The Fortune of War:


blood vessel

As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels.

随着年龄的增长，我们身体的主要动脉常常会因斑块而变厚，斑块是一种具有燕麦状稠度的脂肪物质，沿着血管内壁堆积。

2013 July-August，Stephen P. Lownie, David M. Pelz，“Stents to Prevent Stroke”, in American Scientist:


AC

[信息科技]访问周期，存取周期/ 存取週期（access cycle之缩写）


awning

At Nairobi the mail waits an hour-and-a-half. The station has three long platforms, mostly covered in awnings, the island connected with the main platform (which is used by the mails in both directions) by a subway.

1950 April，Timothy H. Cobb，“The Kenya-Uganda Railway”, in Railway Magazine，頁 265:

But instead, the distinctive ironwork and glass platform awnings have been carefully refurbished, while making them compatible with the overhead wiring. Kettering's island Platform 2/3 is especially noteworthy. Although it dates from 1879, when the station was enlarged to four platforms, the same original (1857) patterns for the delicate cast-ironwork seem to have been used - […].

2022年December14日，Robin Leleux，“A royal occasion as heritage projects honoured: Kettering”, in RAIL，期 972，頁 56:


bench test

When the diesel engine has undergone its bench tests, and the various temperatures, loads and fuel consumptions have been recorded, it is then ready for coupling to the generator.

1962 April，R. K. Evans，“The Acceptance Testing of Diesel Locomotives”, in Modern Railways，頁 267:


bench test

bench tests (third-person singular present)
bench testing (present participle)
bench tested (past participle)

That’s funny, the throbulator was working fine when I bench tested it.


blow-by

從引擎洩漏至汽缸的未完全/完全燃燒的氣體


AWG

This will allow for up to two additional 2/0 AWG Type TW conductors to be installed at a later date.

2003, Michael E. Brumbach, Jeffrey A. Clade, Chapter 27: Wiring Methods, Industrial Maintenance, page 347,

Cable size 10 AWG has an ampacity of 40 amps (90°C insulation) or 35 amps (evaluated with 75°C insulation).

2005, John Schaeffer, Doug Pratt (editors), Appendix, Gaiam Real Goods Solar Living Sourcebook, page 517,

For example: What is the allowable ampacity of one of three 8 AWG THHN copper conductors in a metal raceway system used at 60°C?

2005, James Stallcup, Stallcup′s Electrical Design Book, 2005 Edition, page 8-9,

An important parameter in the AWG is the free spectral range (FSR) which defines the wavelength periodicity of fixed width [12].

2011, Elaine Wong, Chapter 3: Optical Technologies in Passive Optical Networks, Cedric F. Lam (editor), Passive Optical Networks: Principles and Practice, page 94,


AWG

The AWG is working backwards, Finney says: normally, geologists identify strata that should enter the geological timescale before considering a golden spike; in this case, they’re seeking out the lower boundary of an undefined set of geological layers.

2022年December13日，McKenzie Prillaman，“Are we in the Anthropocene? Geologists could define new epoch for Earth”, in Nature, →DOI:


boiler room

建築物裡的鍋爐等機械設備的房間


brake test

We left Paris to time and after the brake test at St. Denis it was my pleasure to drive No. U.1 for the rest of the day.

1961 March，'Balmore'，“Driving and firing modern French steam locomotives”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 150:

We remain motionless in the platform while the ex-Edinburgh draws forward, the points are set, and it is propelled back for attachment. The Edinburgh locomotive uncoupled, a brake test is performed and we're away.

2023年February8日，Greg Morse，“Crossing the border... by Sleeper”, in RAIL，期 976，頁 43:


brake test

brake tests (third-person singular present)
brake testing (present participle)
brake tested (past participle)

"Max was brake testing me into the first two corners. I was very upset with the fact Max held me up and didn't move and made me run into Daniel."

2016年October31日，Andrew Benson，“Mexican Grand Prix: Max Verstappen says he is 'not allowed to race' after penalty”, in BBC:


bulk cargo

bulk cargoes (plural)
bulk cargos (plural)

Almost all modern cranes are electrically operated and a quick-acting type of 30 cwt. capacity is suitable for general cargo, but not powerful enough to operate grabs for discharge of bulk cargoes.

1945 January and February，T. F. Cameron，“Dock Working”, in Railway Magazine，頁 11:


bulk carrier

Otherwise, overseas coking coal will be moved to the UK by bulk ocean carrier, which are among the filthiest polluting objects on the face of the Earth we seek to protect.

2022年November16日，Nigel Harris，“Endless news... little context”, in RAIL，期 970，頁 3:


buoy tender

用於保護導航浮標的勤務船


backsplice

backsplices (third-person singular present)
backsplicing (present participle)
backspliced (past participle)

将纏繞繩索的两端固定在绳索本身，以防磨損


cast steel

同類詞：cast iron、cast aluminum、cast bronze、cast brass

同類詞：blister steel

CAST STEEL / A search for metals of lighter, and more durable qualities than iron led to a new process in producing steel. In 1740 Benjamin Huntsman, a watchmaker, searching for a lighter, and less brittle metal than the old blister steel, hit upon melting steel in a crucible, or in a pot, lined with clay and graphite. The crucible could withstand the high temperatures necessary to melt metals in a container. To the product of the crucible was given the name "cast steel." [because it was poured (cast) from a melted state, unlike blister steel] / A DISTINCTION OF TERMS / Readers are cautioned at this point to understand that the terms "cast steel" and "steel castings" are not interchangeable, and, in fact, bear very little relationship to each other. It is true that steel castings must be made of "cast steel," but not all "cast steel" goes into the manufacture of steel castings. "Cast steel" merely describes the mass of metal which, after being melted, is poured into a mold of one sort or another, whether steel ingot molds or castings. Steel castings are objects which are given their final form in sand-filled molds. "Cast steel" may be poured into molds to form steel castings but it may also find its way, eventually, into structural steel, rolled steel or forgings; steel castings are the products of the steel foundry.

1949，History Committee of District No. 1 of the Steel Founders' Society of America，A History of Steel Casting，District No. 1 of the Steel Founders' Society of America, →LCCN，頁s 5–6:

Several journals make a note of the fact that the William Butcher Steel Works supplied 3000 tons of cast steel for the building of the Eads Bridge across the Mississippi River at St. Louis, and the content of the statements may lead readers to assume that these were steel castings. In the opinion of Mr. John N. Mudd, historian of the Midvale Steel Company, the materials furnished the bridge builders in St. Louis were cast steel and not steel castings.

1949，History Committee of District No. 1 of the Steel Founders' Society of America，A History of Steel Casting，District No. 1 of the Steel Founders' Society of America, →LCCN，頁s 8–9:


bear down

bears down (third-person singular present)
bearing down (present participle)
bore down (past)
borne down (past participle)

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见bear、down。

把（某人）推倒在地；擊敗，克服（自14世紀）

在辯論中維持自己的立場反對（16–17世紀）

It's 9:41, 58 degrees, and I'm flunking out. Time to bear down.

现在是9:41，气温58度，我快要挂科了。该努力了。

When Furyk spots another Arizona alum on Tour, one of them will utter the official U of A exhortation, which dates to the 1920s, when on his deathbed the school's quarter-back urged the football team to "bear down." Few on Tour bear down like Furyk. He has his plan and sticks to it.

2003 October，Cameron Morfit，“A Furious Focus; Call his swing whatever you want--Jim Furyk's approach to life and golf is anything but loopy”, in Golf Magazine，卷 45, 期 10，頁 106:

Will CAFTA pass? The White House is starting to bear down, making the argument that CAFTA is not only a good deal economically, but vital for the political development and security of the region.

2005年May12日，Sue Kirchhoff，“Central American Free Trade Agreement faces obstacles”, in USA Today:

You can't really run faster or farther over the long haul simply by bearing down harder. You have to raise the level of your effort, then relax, and trust that preparation.

2009 January，James Applewhite，“Write a poem in THREE PHASES.”, in Writer，卷 122, 期 1，頁s 22–23:

Huth headed wide inside two minutes, Andy Wilkinson blasted over from Shotton's cut-back and Jones was squeezed out when bearing down on goal.

开场不到两分钟，胡特头球攻门偏出，安迪·威尔金森接肖顿回传射门高出，琼斯冲向球门时被挤开。

2011年November3日，David Ornstein，“Macc Tel-Aviv 1 - 2 Stoke”, in BBC Sport:

對腹部施加向下的壓力，如分娩、排便及類似的身體動作。


berthing

berth 的現在時分詞和動名詞


berthing

船隻外面的木板，在舷緣上

泊位，尤其比喻睡覺的地方


cold work

cold works (third-person singular present)
cold working (present participle)
cold worked (past participle)


computer-aided design

/ˈkəmˈpjuːtəˌeɪˈdɪdˌdɪˈzʌɪn/

The technology seeks to identify the birds' nests on the ground. Details of their location are then fed into computer-aided design drawings and the global positioning systems of machinery working on site, to let operators know when they are working near exclusion zones.

2020年August12日，“Network News: Drones locate skylark nests”, in Rail，頁 23:


container ship

containership (alternative)
container ships (plural)


cruising speed

to reach cruising speed


blue ice

藍冰，外表藍色的冰，由冰河上的雪形成，裡頭的氣泡被擠出。

Antarctica is the best place in the world to find meteorites, and the search for Antarctic meteorites begins with the search for blue ice.

1997, Pat Dasch and Allan Treiman, Blue Ice in Antarctica, Lunar and Planetary Institute:

Tourists on a boat trip in Mount Cook National Park were subject to a rare treat yesterday, when a section of densely compressed blue ice at the base of an iceberg was briefly visible.

2011 January 14, Eveline Harvey, New Zealand blue ice sighting an unexpected treat for tourists, New Zealand Herald:

Typically, blue ice areas form where mountains obstruct ice flow and high winds transport a lot of snow.

2012, Glaciology of Blue Ice Areas in Antarctica, Climate Change Institute:

藍冰，從航空器外漏的人類排泄物，在高空凍結，然後掉到地面。

Cadamore believes the mess came from an airplane. In the airline industry, it's euphemistically known as blue ice. Most people have far less judicious names for it. Such waste apparently is caused by leaks in airplane lavatories.

2002 November 21, Mark Belko, The sky is falling? Uh, not exactly, post-gazette.com:

A chunk of blue ice, apparently from the holding tank of an aircraft toilet, ripped a hole in an elderly couple's roof and destroyed a bed.

2006 October 20, Toilet Ice Rips Hole in Couple's Roof, Fox News:

Simey had just returned home from taking her 6-month-old son to a doctor when a block of "blue ice" landed in the master bedroom, right on her bed.

2008 April 14, Frozen jetliner waste smashes into home, UPI:

They are often called "blue ice", because of the chemicals added to the toilets in planes to reduce odour and break down the waste.

2018 January 22, Airline poo' falls on India village causing confusion, BBC:


boiling point

/ˈbɔɪlɪŋ ˌpɔɪnt/

Although the encounter was bathed in sunshine, the match failed to reach boiling point but that will be of little concern to Gerard Houllier's team, who took a huge step forward before they face crucial matches against their relegation rivals.

2011年April10日，Alistair Magowan，“Aston Villa 1 - 0 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport:


depth charge

The trailblazing Oaxacan chef Alejandro Ruiz […] has spiked this black-bean sauce with a hidden depth charge of flavor: patches of foliage from a local avocado tree. The leaves electrify the sauce with an unexpected thrum of black licorice.

2014年October25日，Jeff Gordinier，“In search of the perfect taco”, in T: The New York Times Style Magazine (international edition)，頁 100:

bomb shot (“一種調製飲料”)之同義詞


depth charge

depth charges (third-person singular present)
depth charging (present participle)
depth charged (past participle)

用深水炸彈攻擊目標（通常是潛水艇）

After the freighter was torpedoed, its escorting destroyers depth charged the submarine for two hours, but failed to sink it.

貨輪被魚雷擊中後，護航該船的驅逐艦對潛艇實施了兩個小時的深水炸彈攻擊，但沒能將其擊沉。


design speed

The road's design speed is only 60mph, as some of the corners are a little sharp.

The vessel's design speed is 20 knots, though we can push her up to 25 if necessary.


catastrophe theory

突變論，突變理論，巨變理論


engine room

球隊或其他團隊的力量泉源 中場

球隊或其他團隊的力量泉源 一對閉鎖前鋒

球隊或其他團隊的力量泉源 前排

球隊或其他團隊的力量泉源 鋼鼓樂隊的節奏組

And no steel band would be complete without its rhythm section or engine room, as the percussion section is known.

2018，Polly Thomas，The Rough Guide to Trinidad and Tobago，Apa Publications, →ISBN:


escape hatch

What we need is progress with an escape hatch.


clear view screen

一种安装在窗户上的圆形平板玻璃，可旋转以驱散雨水、水雾和雪，通常由盘中心的电动机驱动，并且通常会加热以防止冷凝或结冰


explementary angles

一對總和為360度的角，共軛角


fire damper

暖氣、通風管道等的防火擋板


fishhood

Petrovitch had taken and passed the astronavigation exam the exact same time Rimmer had made his claims to fishhood.

1989，Grant Naylor，Red Dwarf: Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers:


contour map

[测绘学]等值線圖；等高線圖；等深線圖


companion ladder

Just as I got my head above the companion ladder, I felt an indescribably unpleasant sensation, suddenly, as it were, losing the power of breathing […] .

1808–10, William Hickey, Memoirs of a Georgian Rake, Folio Society 1995, p. 87:

The flat roof proved a great luxury, for we sat on our housetop at night, which we reached by a species of companion-ladder from below, and enjoyed our elevated position immensely.

1887，Harriet W. Daly，Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia，頁 112:


four-stroke engine

同類詞：two-stroke engine


trichogyne

法語，來自古希臘語 θρίξ (thríx，“毛髮”) + γυνή (gunḗ，“雌性，陰性”)。

Ascodesmis is a third type which might be derived either directly or through the erysiphaceous type from an endomycetous ancestor; the antheridium and oogonium are but little differentiated, but the latter is furnished with a trichogyne and becomes septate after fertilization; the ascogenous hyphae are few and the sheath simple.

2010，Helen Gwynne-Vaughan，Fungi: Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales，頁 54:


global positioning system

全球定位系統；任何使行動接收器能夠根據從衛星接收的訊號確定其精確位置的系統，例如美國軍方的衛星、俄羅斯格洛納斯系統或擬議的歐洲伽利略替代系統。


hospital ship

The Leinster has been in use as a hospital ship and a transport, but is now released and is refitting for her regular service.

1946 March and April，“Notes and News: Anglo-Irish Steamship Fleets”, in Railway Magazine，頁 118:


telson

借自古希臘語 τέλσον (télson，“岬角”)。

Although Crangonya evidently comes very close to Niphargus, it appears to be a good genus, and to differ constantly from Niphargus in the more robust body and in the telson, which is always entire and never cleft as in Niphargus.

1894，Charles Chilton，“The Subterranean Crustacea of New Zealand”, in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2nd Series, Volume VI: Zoology，Linnean Society of London，頁 219:

The basic number of segments in the abdomen is eleven plus the postsegmental telson which bears the anus, although Matsuda (1976) regards the telson as a twelfth segment.

1998，R. F. Chapman，The Insects: Structure and Function，第4th版, Cambridge University Press，頁 259:

The two documented examples of telson abnormalities are on juvenile moults (Fig. 2a, b).

2022，Russell D. C. Bicknell et al.，“Applying Records of Extant and Extinct Horseshoe Crab Abnormalities to Xiphosurid Conservation”, in International Horseshoe Crab Conservation and Research Efforts: 2007-2020，Springer，頁 88:


breadth-first search

同類詞：depth-first search


hydrofoil craft

hydrofoil craft (plural)
hydrofoil crafts (plural)


vitellarium

來自新拉丁語，來自vitellus (“蛋黃”) + -ārium (“與之聯合的地方”)。

In the hymenolepid cestode Fimbriaria fasciolaris, the vitellaria and uterus are continuous throughout the strobila.

1988，K. G. Adiyodi，Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates, Accessory Sex Glands，頁 41:

Germarium and vitellarium are distinct and the latter contains one or two small, immature basal oocytes.

2015年July8日，“Convergent Reduction of Ovariole Number Associated with Subterranean Life in Beetles”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


aqualung

Aqualung是1943年 Emile Gagnan 和 Jacques Cousteau 推出的第一款開放式水肺潛水設備的原名稱。來自aqua- + lung。


aqualung

aqualungs (third-person singular present)
aqualunging (present participle)
aqualunged (past participle)


cable modem

线缆调制解调器；有線電視數據機


CATV

community antenna television (“社區共用天線電視”)之首字母縮略詞。


launching

launch 的現在時分詞和動名詞


launching

Launch 指的是一個時間點上的事件。Launching 指的是一個持續性的過程。

The launching of the Titanic.

By 1940 they had conducted 25 successful launchings of A5 rockets, which reached 10 miles altitude and had a range of 12 miles.

2010，Raymond Friedman，A History of Jet Propulsion, Including Rockets，頁 123:


despread

despreads (third-person singular present)
despreading (present participle)
despread (past participle)


despread

despreads (third-person singular present)
despreading (present participle)
despreaded (past participle)


light-weight

more light-weight (comparative)
most light-weight (superlative)


magnetic compass

某些動物體內的假想器官，可使其與地球磁場一致


mailroom

Oh, Pete. This is not the gym. — That’s right, Anna. This is the mailroom.
哦，皮特。這不是健身房。——沒錯，安娜。這裡是郵件收發室。
#*::
 音頻（美國）： (檔案)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)


main frame

The main frames are of 1¼-in. thick plates spaced 3 ft. 2½ in. apart, the centre lines coinciding with the centre of the axlebox guide faces.

1951 March，“British Railways Standard "Britannia" Class 4-6-2 Locomotives”, in Railway Magazine，頁 186:

靠近船舶中間最大的結構框架


mainshaft

箭的主軸（其中插入了装有箭头的前杆）


domestic waste

[環境]家庭廢棄物；生活废弃物，居民日常生活所產生的廢棄物，由任何不再使用或需要的物品組成。


merchant ship

Old pirates, yes, they rob I
Sold I to the merchant ships
Minutes after they took I
From the bottomless pit.


metacentric height

The distance from a ship's center of gravity (G) to its metacenter is known as the metacentric height (GM). GM is a measure of the vessel's ability to right itself when experiencing an overturning moment. For the same vessel, a higher GM value indicates a greater initial static stability.

2017年December12日，National Transportation Safety Board，“1.12 Stability Information - 1.12.1 Concepts”, in Marine Accident Report: Sinking of US Cargo Vessel SS El Faro, Atlantic Ocean, Northeast of Acklins and Crooked Island, Bahamas, October 1, 2015，存檔自the original on 2022-05-15，頁 132: