abhorrent

借自拉丁語 abhorrēns, abhorrēntis，abhorreō (“痛恨”) 的現在主動分詞。等價於abhor + -ent。

more abhorrent (comparative)
most abhorrent (superlative)

背离的，相悖的，相反的 （16世纪末）

abhorrent thoughts

The persons most abhorrent from blood, and treason, and arbitrary confiscation, might remain silent spectators of this civil war between the vices.

1803，Edmund Burke，Reflections on the Revolution in France:


acquisition

繼承自中古英語，源自古法語 acquisicion，來自拉丁語 acquisītiō，來自acquirere；等同於acquire + -ition。

The acquisition of sports equipment can be fun in itself.

That graphite tennis racquet is quite an acquisition.


subdivision

Work on one subdivision at a time.

同一建商或地區所建造的房子。

They're putting in a new subdivision out past Black Ranch Road.

他們要在 Black Ranch 路另一邊建一個新樓盤。


honey

來自中古英語 hony, honi，來自古英語 huniġ，來自原始西日耳曼語 *hunag，來自原始日耳曼語 *hunagą（對照西弗里斯蘭語 hunich、德語 Honig），來自早期*hunangą（對比瑞典語 honung），來自原始印歐語 *kn̥h₂onk-o-s，來自*kn̥h₂ónks。和中古威爾士語 canecon (“金”)、拉丁語 canicae 複 (“糠”)、吐火羅語B kronkśe (“蜂”)、阿爾巴尼亞語 qengjë (“蜂巢”)、古希臘語 κνῆκος (knêkos，“紅花”)、北庫爾德語 şan (“蜂巢”)、北盧里語 گونج (gonj，“蜂”)同源。

The honey in the pot should last for years.

罐裡裝的蜂蜜應當能保存數年。

Honey, would you take out the trash?

親愛的，你能把垃圾丟出去嗎？

Honey, I'm home.

Man, there are some fine honeys here tonight!

夥計，今晚這裡有好幾個性感尤物會來呢！


X-ray tube

The dentist aimed the X-ray tube at my mouth to find the cavity.

牙医将X射线管对准我的嘴以找到蛀牙。


soundly

起於約1400年，源自 sound + -ly。本義為“安全地”。現有義項起於16世紀。

more soundly (comparative)
most soundly (superlative)

He was soundly thrashed by the semi-professional boxer.

他被半职业拳击手狠狠地揍了一顿。

I slept quite soundly last night.

The wedding company, fatigued with their enjoyment of the previous night, slept soundly late into the next morning.

1899，William George Aston，A History of Japanese Literature，頁 272:

My gold carried little weight with him, he was sincerely fond of me and consequently rated me soundly for all indiscretions, declaring I would regret wasting the best years of my life and deadening my vast talents […]

1911, L. D. Biagi, The Centaurians, Ch. I:


sugarcoat

源自 sugar + coat；比喻義來自給藥片裹上糖，以掩蓋其不好味道的做法（sugarcoating the pill）。

sugarcoats (third-person singular present)
sugarcoating (present participle)
sugarcoated (past participle)

/ˈʃʊɡɚˌkoʊt/

/ˈʃʊɡəˌkəʊt/

candy-coat

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

gild

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

gild the pill

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

sugarcoat the pill

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

There's no way to sugarcoat the loss of the space shuttle; it was an unmitigated disaster.

航天飞机的损失是无法掩盖的；这是一场彻头彻尾的灾难。

I went to the unheard-of trouble of re-writing the letter and saying the same harsh things softly, so as to sugarcoat the anguish and make it a little more endurable […]

我付出了前所未有的努力，重写了这封信，并温和地说出了同样严厉的话，以掩盖痛苦，使其更容易忍受{ […]

1876年November1日，Mark Twain，“Letter to Mr. Burrough, of St. Louis”, in The Letters Of Mark Twain,，卷 3:

[…] And I don't think we can sugarcoat both the human toll that is unfolding in Ukraine, but also how it is reordering the international architecture in ways that we haven't seen in decades.

[…] 我认为，我们无法掩盖乌克兰事件造成的人员伤亡，以及它如何以几十年来未曾见过的方式改变国际格局。

2022年March23日，Barack Obama，片头起2:52, in Centennial Celebration Conversation with President Barack Obama and Yo-Yo Ma，Chicago Council on Global Affairs, 經由 YouTube:

"The insurgents killed them all?"
"Very likely." Scout's expression was kindly, but he was apparently not the sort to sugarcoat things. Then again, maybe he had simply read her receptivity well.

2023年October12日，HarryBlank，“Fire in the Hole”, in SCP Foundation，存檔自the original on 2024-09-02:


prim

源自 普羅旺斯方言 prim (“細膩、優秀”)，源自古法語 prim，prin，源自:Template:lena 拉丁語 primus (“首先”)。prime 的同源對似詞。

primmer (comparative)
primmest (superlative)

正式的；精確的；故作整潔或漂亮

prim regularity; a prim person


accelerator

* 1611年初次使用。
* (機動車)： 1900年首次使用。
* accelerate + -or

The Second World War is said to have been a great accelerator for many scientific findings.

許多人說二戰極大地推進了大量科學發現。

As soon as you get onto the slipway, push the accelerator.

當你駛上滑道時，按下油門。


carnivore

借自法語 carnivore，源自拉丁語 carnivorus。動物學義項則是由威廉·惠威爾在1840年造出，來自法語 carnivore（喬治·居維葉所造）。

/ˈkɑːɹ.nɪ.vɔɹ/

carnivoran

食肉目（Carnivora）下的哺乳動物

不是所有的肉食動物都屬於食肉目（比如食肉的鳥類和魚類），也不是所有的食肉目動物都是肉食性的（比如大熊貓）。為了避免這一容易混淆的情況，新詞 carnivoran 可以用來表示“屬於食肉目的動物”。

As juveniles the crocodiles are frequently predated by larger carnivores.

幼年鳄鱼经常被较大的食肉动物捕食。

食肉目（Carnivora）下的哺乳動物

The panda and the panther are both carnivores.

熊猫和黑豹都属于食肉目。


cashmere

Cashmere (“喀什米爾”) 的普通名詞化。

開司米，喀什米爾山羊的羊毛織造的布料

a cashmere sweater


cellar

繼承自中古英語 celer, seler，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 celer, 古法語 celier（現代cellier），來自晚期拉丁語 cellārium，來自拉丁語 cella。cellarium 的同源對似詞。

The farmhouse has several additions, added over many decades; it has three cellars, and one of them is older than the other two.

这座农舍经过了几十年的增建，拥有三个地窖，其中一个比另外两个更老。

The insurance company valued his cellar at $27,000, largely on the strength of his bottles of 1972 Château Hypothetica.

保险公司对他的酒窖估价为27,000美元，主要依据的是他酒窖里1972年的 Château Hypothetica 葡萄酒的品质。

The Tigers have been in the cellar all year long, and I'm tired of it.

老虎队一年到头都吊车尾，我对此感到厌倦。

Most of my tools and hardware are in the garage, but I keep some tools in the cellar, too, mainly for convenience.

我的大部分工具和硬件都在车库里，但我也将一些工具放在地下室里，主要是为了方便。


clinical

more clinical (comparative)
most clinical (superlative)

Medicine is now more often practiced in a clinical setting than in the home.

現在醫學治療更多是在臨床環境，而非在患者家裡實施了。

a clinical convert

clinical baptism


considering

more considering (comparative)
most considering (superlative)

/kənˈsɪdəɹɪŋ/

Your wound doesn't look that bad, considering.

各方面考慮起來，你的傷口看起來其實沒那麼嚴重。


considering

/kənˈsɪdəɹɪŋ/

Considering the extent of his crimes, he was given a surprisingly short sentence.

考慮到他的罪行的嚴重性，他被判的刑期短得出奇。


crore

借自印度斯坦語 करोड़ / کروڑ (karoṛ)。

crore 通常用於表示金額。

crore 的縮寫方式似乎沒有統一標準。印度媒體常用的縮寫包括 Cr、cr、Cr. 以及 cr.，但大多數情況下仍然以完整形式拼寫。

Following the ban, the government stands to lose ₹30 crore annually, sources said.

消息來源稱，禁令實施後，政府每年將損失三億盧比。

The population of Gujarat is 3.39 crores.

古吉拉特的人口為三千三百九十萬。


cult

Two former cult members explain the difficulties they had extricating themselves from it.

"Screw cults' views!" shouted the counterprotestors repeatedly.

Werner Erhard's highly successful est cult is partly derived from Scientology. Erhard had some experience with Scientology in 1969. Then he worked for a while in Mind Dynamics, itself an offshoot of Jose Silva's Mind Control.

1985，Rodney Stark，Religious movements: Genesis, Exodus, and Numbers，Paragon House Publishers, →ISBN，頁 167:

There are scores of modern religious cults and sects that have been influenced by Hinduism to varying degrees. Werner Erhard, founder of 'Landmark Education's 'The Forum',' and 'est' seminars, which have about 700,000 graduates, was influenced by Hinduism through Swami Muktananda, one of Erhard's principal gurus.

1996，John Ankerberg, John Weldon，Encyclopedia of New Age Beliefs，Harvest House Publishers, →ISBN，頁 216:

Outsiders often criticize the extreme commitment of group members. But what is really happening is that leader and followers are conspiring to realize a vision that is falsified daily. For the cult is not paradise, and the leader is not God. Hence the follower is embattled; to squarely confront the many failings of the leader and the group is to call into question one's own great work. Only by daily recommitting himself can the follower continue to work toward his ultimate goal. Each follower works out a secret compromise, acknowledging some things while denying or distorting others. Clearly this is a high-risk strategy that may go awry.

1997，Len Oakes，“Followers and Their Quest”, in Prophetic charisma: The Psychology of Prophetic Charisma，Syracuse University Press, →ISBN，頁 137:

The difference between a cult and an established religion is sometimes about one generation.

1998年June17日，Scott McLemee，“Rethinking Jonestown”, in Salon.com:

If Jones' People's Temple wasn't a cult, then the term has no meaning.

Another potent element of the new cult milieu was the therapy sect, which offered believers the chance to achieve their full human potential through personal growth and self-actualization by taking total responsibility for one's actions. The prototypical movement of this kind was est (Erhard Seminar Training), in which intense and often grueling sessions forced followers to confront a new view of reality.

2000，Philip Jenkins，Mystics and Messiahs : Cults and New Religions in American History，London: Oxford University Press, →ISBN，頁 180:

He sounds like a cult leader about to demand his followers drink poison. And it frankly doesn’t help that he looks like Jim Jones to a genuinely creepy degree.

2016年November6日，“Multilevel Marketing”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver，季数 3, 集数 29, John Oliver (actor), 經由 HBO:

Marc Andreessen, a venture capitalist who has become one of Silicon Valley's most outspoken opponents of regulation, has described people who warn of existential risks from AI as a cult, no different from other millenarian movements that warn of impending social disasters.

2023年November25日，Richard Waters, John Thornhill，引 Marc Andreessen, “Tech's philosophical rift over AI”, in FT Weekend, Big Read，頁 6:


curvy

curvier (comparative)
curviest (superlative)

I love this woman and her curvy body.

He tried to shift his focus back to Jessica and their wedding, but the soft, curvy blonde he'd met recently was stealing more and more of his attention.

2013，Ava Catori，The Big, Not-So-Small, Curvy Girls Dating Agency，Ava Catori Books:


cutter

a stone cutter; a die cutter

In some CNC programs, the diameter of the cutter (such as an end mill) is handled by cutter compensation codes.

在某些 CNC 程序中，刀具（例如立铣刀）的直径由刀具补偿代码处理。

The intervening years, however, were spent as a cutter. He was, indeed, one of the best film editors in the business, winning an Academy Award for Body and Soul (1947).

Chico Pacheco kept repeating the phrase between clenched teeth, lamenting the wasted days of his youth; he had been a notorious cutter of classes.

1988, Jorge Amado, Home is the Sailor (page 55)

用於執行公務的重型摩托艇

a coastguard cutter


comical

more comical (comparative)
most comical (superlative)

It was a comical performance.

The tutor excelled in comical scoldings.

He's just put salt in his tea instead of sugar. What a comical error!

Mr. Sanders has scored some rhetorical points against Mrs. Clinton for her longstanding ties to Wall Street, but she has responded well, and it would be comical to watch any of the Republican candidates try to make that case, given that they are all virtually tied to, or actually part of, the business establishment.

2016 January 30, "Hillary Clinton for the Democratic Nomination," The New York Times (retrieved 30 January 2016):


courageous

繼承自中古英語 corajous，來自古法語 corageus，來自corage + -eus。

more courageous (comparative)
most courageous (superlative)

/kəˈɹeɪd͡ʒəs/

bold

勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

brave

勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

hardy

勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

valorous

勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

the most courageous person I have ever met

In 1979, following Jimmy Carter’s unexpected and unreasonable decision to transfer diplomatic recognition from Taipei to Beijing, the Congress passed the Taiwan Relations Act to preserve our relationship with this courageous nation. We believed that it was vital for our allies and for those who were not our allies to know that the United States would not abandon its friends.

1979年，在吉米·卡出人意料且不合理地决定将外交承认从台北转至北京之后，国会通过了《台湾关系法》，以维护我们与这个勇敢国家的关系。我们认为，让我们的盟友和非盟友了解美国不会抛弃朋友至关重要。

2005，Jesse Helms，“Foreign Relations Experiences”, in Here's Where I Stand: A Memoir，New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁s 228–229:

a courageous deed


dealership

I visited the car dealership today.

我今天参观了汽车经销店。


deliver

來自中古英語 deliveren，來自盎格魯-諾曼語和古法語 delivrer，來自拉丁語 dē + līberō (“使自由”)。

delivre (alternative)
delivers (third-person singular present)
delivering (present participle)
delivered (past participle)

deliver a captive from the prison

the doctor delivered the baby

the duchess was delivered of a son

the doctor is expected to deliver her of a daughter tomorrow

醫生明天要給她接生下女兒

she delivered a baby boy yesterday

deliver a package;  deliver the mail

Mr. Cooke had had a sloop yacht built at Far Harbor, the completion of which had been delayed, and which was but just delivered.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年），Winston Churchill，章號 10, in The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

引渡，繳（槍械、毒品等）

deliver the thief to the police

Thou shalt deliver Pharaoh's cup into his hand.

你仍要遞杯在法老的手中。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 40:13:

The constables have delivered her over.

c. 1596–1599，William Shakespeare，“The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iv]:

The exalted mind / All sense of woe delivers to the wind.

1725，Homer, [Elijah Fenton], transl.，“Book IV”, in The Odyssey of Homer. […]，卷 I, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC:

The stories did not seem to me to touch life. […] They left me with the impression of a well-delivered stereopticon lecture, with characters about as life-like as the shadows on the screen, and whisking on and off, at the mercy of the operator.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年），Winston Churchill，章號 1, in The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

It’s a lovely sequence cut too short because the show seems afraid to give itself over to romance and whimsy and wistfulness when it has wedgie jokes to deliver.

2012年May27日，Nathan Rabin，“TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid On The Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:

England went into the interval 22-6 down, a second [Owen] Farrell penalty their only response to Scotland’s burst of tries. They had not conceded more points in a Six Nations match in the Eddie Jones era and when the whistle blew for the interval, Dylan Hartley formed his players into a circle to deliver a rallying cry.

2018年February24日，Paul Rees，“Finn Russell masterminds historic Scotland victory over England”, in The Guardian，London，存檔自the original on 2018-04-22:

deliver a speech

to deliver a blow

An uninstructed bowler […] thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straight forward.

1822，[Walter Scott]，Peveril of the Peak. […]，卷 (please specify |volume=I, II, III, or IV), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:


dependable

more dependable (comparative)
most dependable (superlative)

He was a very dependable person.


definitely

more definitely (comparative)
most definitely (superlative)

Joe definitely doesn't know how to drive a tractor.

佐伊肯定不知道怎樣開拖拉機。

She said she wasn't coming, definitely.


detrimental

來自中世紀拉丁語 *dētrīmentālis，來自拉丁語 dētrīmentum (“損傷”)，來自dēterō (“擦掉，磨損”)，來自dē- (“向下，遠離”) + terō (“擦或抓”)。

more detrimental (comparative)
most detrimental (superlative)

Smoking tobacco can be detrimental to your health.

"The fact is," continued he, "Lady Anne fears that my visits here may prove detrimental to what she considers your best interests. I thought myself an old, safe friend; but, as that cannot be explained to every body, she fears that I may keep off other and more eligible lovers."

1842，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Lady Anne Granard，卷 1，頁s 142-143:


devastate

源自拉丁語 dēvastātus，dēvastō 的現在時被動分詞，源自 dē- (增補前綴) + vastō (“毀滅，破壞”)。

devastates (third-person singular present)
devastating (present participle)
devastated (past participle)

嚴重破壞；毀滅，摧毀（實體的事物，或是想法、信仰和強烈的觀點）

The hurricane devastated the small island.

The news of his death devastated his family and friends.

他去世的消息讓他的家人和朋友們極度悲痛。


devitalize

devitalizes (third-person singular present)
devitalizing (present participle)
devitalized (past participle)

同類詞：dispirit、kill

近義詞：deanimate

Noncrushing surgical clamps avoid devitalizing the cells of arterial walls.

非挤压性手术钳可避免动脉壁细胞失活。

Economic stress has devitalized some shopping malls in the web era.

网络时代的经济压力使得一些商场失去活力。

Not so long ago a Scotsman is reported to have exhumed the body of his daughter and burnt her heart, as he thought she was devitalising her remaining brother and sister and making them ill.

据报道，不久前，一名苏格兰人挖出了他女儿的尸体并烧毁了她的心脏，因为他认为她正在使她剩下的兄弟姐妹失去活力并使他们生病。

1936，Rollo Ahmed，The Black Art，London: Long，頁 126:


displeased

more displeased (comparative)
most displeased (superlative)

a displeased customer


divination

/ˌdɪvɨˈneɪʃən/

The Neo-Platonic Theory of Divination


dovetail

鴿子尾巴
榫頭
類似燕尾榫的線
名詞衍生自dove + tail。動詞衍生自名詞。

dovetails (third-person singular present)
dovetailing (present participle)
dovetailed (past participle)
dove-tail (alternative)

The executive board dovetailed its decision neatly with the prior projects the company had taken up.

Through my new project, I dovetail my interests in botany and programming.

Close contacts are also maintained between the chief operating officers of the railways and the movement and transport officers of the Service departments to dovetail railway transport into the schemes of the fighting forces.

1943 March–April，John R. Hind，“The British Railways at War”, in The Railway Magazine，Sutton, London: IPC Transport Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 95:

I felt that through the combined study of psychology and linguistics I would find out how children learned language, and that I would be able to dovetail this knowledge into my business career in Japan.

1988，Kenji Hakuta，“Why Bilinguals?”, in The Development of Language and Language Researchers: Essays in Honor of Roger Brown，Hillsdale, N.J., Hove, East Sussex: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, →ISBN，頁 299:

The parts of your essay should dovetail so that it is cohesive and coherent.

The task now facing Mr Crook and his team in the multi-disciplinary programme is sequencing the works going forward, to ensure track, signalling, station works and overhead line installations dovetail together.

2019 October，Philip Sherratt，“Midland Main Line Upgrade Presses On”, in Modern Railways，Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 60:


duty

來自中古英語 duete，中古英語 dewe + 中古英語 -te（借自古法語 -te，來自拉丁語 -tātem，-tās的賓格陽性單數）。類似於due + -ty（-ity的另一種寫法）。

We don't have a duty to keep you here.

我們沒有義務把你留在這裡。

I’m on duty from 6 pm to 6 am.

我從下午6點到早上6點值班。


disburden

disburdens (third-person singular present)
disburdening (present participle)
disburdened (past participle)

vessels disburdening at a dock


enfleurage

/ˌɑ̃.fluˈɹɑʒ/

‘Thereʼs a man in Somerset who claims heʼs invented a method of enfleurage that requires no alcohol.’

2002，Michel Faber，The Crimson Petal and the White，Canongate Books (2010)，頁 652:

The perfumes of plants like jasmine could only be extracted by enfleurage, as other methods of the time would denature the scents.


edging

構成或標記物體邊緣的東西

The decorative edging around the door makes it easier to find in the dark.

门周围的装饰性边缘使人能在黑暗中更容易找到它。

A means was found, for example, of fitting rubber edging to the doors and still retaining the handle and door lock.

例如，找到一种方法，给门安装上橡胶边缘，同时仍保留把手和门锁。

1951 March，“Reconstruction of London Transport Rolling Stock”, in Railway Magazine，頁 160:


entrant

Any attempt by an entrant to influence the result or subvert the contest will lead to immediate disqualification.


emulsifier

The lecithin in egg yolks is often used as an emulsifier.

蛋黄中的卵磷脂常被用作乳化剂。


ergonomics

/əːɡəˈnɒmɪks/

/ˌɝɡəˈnɑmɪks/

Ergonomics is increasingly important in office-product design.

人體工學在辦公室產品設計中日益重要。


escaped

People are being warned not to approach the escaped prisoner.

人们被警告不要接近这名越狱囚犯。


yo-yo

原是商標名。最可能源自伊洛卡諾語 yóyo，或另一菲律賓語族同源詞。

同類詞：diabolo、whirligig

I bought a yo-yo from the toy store yesterday.

我昨天在玩具商店買了一個溜溜球。

It is hard to watch the management for very long and not conclude that the place is run by a bunch of yo-yos.

Now look at them yo-yos, that's the way you do it

1985，Sting & Mark Knopfler （作曲作詞）, “Money for Nothing”, in Brothers in Arms，演出者 Dire Straits:

Henry glanced past him at the few other customers currently in attendance. "Hey! Any of you yo-yos headed up Castle Hill?"


wholeheartedly

whole-heartedly (alternative)
more wholeheartedly (comparative)
most wholeheartedly (superlative)

He jumped in wholeheartedly and began to learn the language.

他全心投入，开始学习这门语言。

Fans relished the traditional FA Cup fanfare from the Coldstream Guards and the hymn Abide With Me before throwing themselves wholeheartedly into an experience they have been largely deprived of since the first coronavirus lockdown began in March 2020.

2021年May15日，Phil McNulty，“Chelsea 0-1 Leicester”, in BBC Sport:


weekly

源自中古英語 wekely、weikly (副詞)，等同於week + -ly。對比荷蘭語 wekelijks、德語 wöchentlich、丹麥語 ugentlig、挪威語 ukentlig、冰島語 vikulega、瑞典語 veckovis。

She visits her mother weekly.


weekly

He's going for his weekly check-up at the hospital.

他每週都要去醫院做檢查。

In summer, we cut the grass on a weekly basis.

夏天的時候，我們每週割一次草。


whacked

more whacked (comparative)
most whacked (superlative)

After that all-night party, we were all whacked.

那次通宵聚会后，我们都累坏了。


wrongdoer

Get and keep wrongdoers out of your thorp (village).


vandalism

借自法語 vandalisme，等同於vandal + -ism。最早由亨利·格雷瓜尔用來譴責法國大革命期間對藝術品的掠奪與破壞，指的是455年洗劫羅馬的汪达尔人。

As we turned down the street I was appalled by the vandalism: spray paint and smashed windows that were everywhere.

Bradford once boasted two stations with overall roofs. The pair were swept away in the 1970s in an act of corporate and civic vandalism.

2022年November2日，Paul Bigland，“New trains, old trains, and splendid scenery”, in RAIL，期 969，頁 57:


vaseline

由美國的化學家Robert Augustus Chesebrough在1872造出，來自德語 Wasser (“水”) + 古希臘語 ἔλαιον (élaion，“油”) + -ine。

vaselines (third-person singular present)
vaselining (present participle)
vaselined (past participle)

Even at this late date, vaselining will preserve the best of these leathers.


vehicular

vehicular homicide

Ernest had a fear of vehicular travel, and ended up walking everywhere.

歐內斯特害怕乘車出行，所以到處都是步行。

兩個沒有共同母語和共同文化的群體之間使用的；作為媒介的

vehicular language

English is used as a vehicular language in many business settings.

英語在許多商業場合被用作媒介語言。

Latin was a vehicular language for natural philosophers and others from the late Renaissance to the late 18th century.

從文藝復興晚期到 18 世紀晚期，拉丁語是自然哲學家和其他人的媒介語言。


viewport

acrylic plastic viewports in pressure vessels for human occupancy

Dragging the scroll-bar changes which part of the picture is visible within the viewport.

拖动滚动条可以改变视口内图片的可见部分。


vigil

源自中古英語 vigile (“虔誠的注視”)，源自古法語 vigile，源自拉丁語 vigilia (“守望；覺醒”)，源自vigil (“醒著的，清醒的”)，源自原始印歐語 *weǵ- (“強壯；活潑，清醒”)。參見來自相同詞根的 wake。
與 vigor 有關，關係更遠的還有 vis、vital，它們均源自相似的原始印歐語詞根，意為“活潑的，有生機的；能量，生命”，經由拉丁語借入。

His dog kept vigil outside the hospital for eight days while he was recovering from an accident.

在他从遭遇事故中到痊愈期间，他的狗在医院外守了八天。

The protesters kept vigil outside the conference centre in which the party congress was being held.

抗议者在召开党代会的会议中心外安静地示威。


unbecoming

來自un- + becoming。對照中古英語 unbicomelich (“不適當”)。

more unbecoming (comparative)
most unbecoming (superlative)

/ˌʌnbɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

A very small expensive black toque was hideously unbecoming to the yellow, toad-like face beneath it.

1934，Agatha Christie，章號 3, in Murder on the Orient Express，London: HarperCollins, 出版於 2017，頁 25:

― Lily: “Don’t stare so much. It’s unbecoming. It makes you look like a country bumpkin.”

2017年July12日，Moe! Ninja Girls (文獻語言：英語), Japan: NTT Solmare, 經由 iOS, Android，幕：Season 7, Chapter 7, Part 2:

She wore a rather unbecoming hairstyle.

她理了个不太得体的发型。

He was accused of conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman.

他被指責行為不紳士，有損官員身份。


feed

繼承自中古英語 feden，繼承自古英語 fēdan (“喂食”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *fōdijan，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *fōdijaną (“喂养”)，源自原始印歐語 *peh₂- (“守卫，放牧，喂食”)。同源詞包括西弗里斯蘭語 fiede (“滋养、喂养”)、荷蘭語 voeden (“喂养”)、丹麥語 føde (“生產；喂养”)、瑞典語 föda (“生產；喂养”)、冰島語 fæða (“喂养”)、拉丁語 pāscō (“喂养、滋养”)。參見 food、fodder。

feeds (third-person singular present)
feeding (present participle)
fed (past participle)

give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime

Feed the dog every evening.

If thine enemy hunger, feed him.

你的仇敵若餓了，就給他吃。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 12:20:

Spiders feed on gnats and flies.

While feeding, the basking shark swims at about two knots per hour, and this enables it to eat and breathe in the same motion.

1983，Richard Ellis，The Book of Sharks，Knopf, →ISBN，頁 89:

Feed the fish to the dolphins.

DR SIMEON: I said I'd feed you. I didn't say who to.

2012 December 25 (airdate), Steven Moffat, The Snowmen (Doctor Who)

把東西交給機器處理；給料

Feed the paper gently into the document shredder.

将纸张轻轻送入文档碎纸机。

We got interesting results after feeding the computer with the new data.

在向计算机输入新数据后，我们得到了有趣的结果。

Springs feed ponds with water.

If grain is too forward in autumn, feed it with sheep.

假如秋季作物長得太過頭，就把羊放到地裡。


feed

繼承自中古英語 fede、fed，源自詞源1。

同類詞：fodder

They sell feed, riding helmets, and everything else for horses.

他们出售饲料、马用头盔和其他马用物品。

a satellite feed

同類詞：feeder、feedbin、hopper

the paper feed of a printer

They held a crab feed on the beach.

他们在海滩上举行了螃蟹盛宴。

I've subscribed to the feeds of my favourite blogs, so I can find out when new posts are added without having to visit those sites.

我已经订阅了我最喜欢的博客的提要，这样我就可以知道何时添加了新帖子，而无需访问这些网站。

Refresh the top of your various “feeds” — the running column of content on some versions of Facebook, Twitter and Instagram — and you will see the latest news at the top. The further back you scroll, the older the material gets.

2016年March15日，Mike Isaac，“Instagram May Change Your Feed, Personalizing It With an Algorithm”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Despite spending years studying these toxic dynamics and the better part of a month watching them up close in strangers’ feeds, I was still, like so many, surprised to see it all reflected at the ballot box. We shouldn’t have been surprised; our divisions have been in front of our faces and inside our feeds this whole time.

2020年November24日，Charlie Warzel，“What Facebook Fed the Baby Boomers”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


fairness

Some questioned the fairness of the new laws.

The reason why fairness in taxation matters is institutionalized unfairness rots society from the inside, and the social order and economy eventually collapse.

2024年January28日，Charles Hugh Smith，Our Tax System Is an Unfair Mess: Here's How to Fix It:


universal

來自中古英語 universal，來自古法語 universal（現代法語 universel），來自拉丁語 ūniversālis。

more universal (comparative)
most universal (superlative)

She achieved universal fame.

universal wrench


follower

/ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/

It is better to be a good follower than to be a bad leader.


unleash

unleashes (third-person singular present)
unleashing (present participle)
unleashed (past participle)

He unleashed his dog in the park.

他在公園撒開了自己的狗。

He unleashed his fury.

As Bent pulled away to the far post, Agbonlahor opted to go it alone, motoring past Gary Caldwell before unleashing a shot into the roof of the net.

本特正往遠端柱移動，這時，阿邦拉霍選擇獨自突破，越過加利卡達維，然後射門，將球射入門網頂端。

2011年October1日，約翰辛諾特，“Aston Villa 2 - 0 Wigan”, in BBC 體育:

Storm Charlie had raged throught [sic] the night and was unleashing further gusts on the morning that RAIL was due to inspect a vegetation management project in Kent. Bit by bit, the train timetable unravelled. A trip beginning at Bradford-on-Avon belatedly reached Bath, but that turned out to be journey's end.

颶風「查理」肆虐了整個晚上，並在鐵路公司計畫在肯特郡檢查植被管理專案的那天早上釋放更強烈的陣風，導致火車時刻表依次取消。從埃文河畔布拉德福德出發的行程才剛到達巴斯，結果卻要止步於此了。

2020年June3日，安德魯莫蘭特，“A safer railway in a greener habitat”, in 《鐵路》(Rail)，頁 58:


frictional

The large frictional forces made dragging it impossible.

強烈的摩擦力使得它很難拖動。


frightening

more frightening (comparative)
most frightening (superlative)

/ˈfɹaɪtənɪŋ/

嚇人的，令人驚嚇的，令人恐懼的

Riding the rollercoaster was a frightening experience.

乘坐过山车是一次令人恐惧的经历。

The Owl is flying high, frightening to the eye.
The Rattler is nearby, Cool is on the fly.
Danger is his business.

1966，“Cool McCool (theme song)”, Bernie Green 作曲 (Cool McCool (television series)), 演出者 Bob McFadden:


famished

more famished (comparative)
most famished (superlative)

I'm famished; I haven't eaten since yesterday.

我要餓死了；昨天到現在就沒吃過東西。


unnecessary

more unnecessary (comparative)
most unnecessary (superlative)

/ʌnˈnɛ.səˌsɛ.ɹɪ/

多餘或不需要的，不必要的

The automatic child-frightener made clowns unnecessary.

有了“自動嚇小孩器”，小丑就顯得不必要了。

Robins, of Torquay, had denied a single charge of causing unnecessary suffering to an animal. She claimed the microwave was accidentally turned on by one of the cats after the kitten got inside. But Knutton said the kitten was too small to even get onto the work surface.

來自托奇镇的罗宾斯，否认了“对动物造成不必要痛苦”的单项指控。她辩称，微波炉是在小猫进入后被另一只猫意外打开的。但克努森回驳道，小猫太小了，根本连工作台都爬不上去。

2011年December14日，Steven Morris，“Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave [因將小貓在微波爐中殺死，德文郡一女性被判入獄168天]”, in Guardian:


full-fledged

After she passes the bar exam, she will be a full-fledged lawyer.

她通过律师考试以后，将成为一名真正的律师。

Ansible is not a full-fledged programming language, but it does have several programming language features, and one of the most important of these is variable substitution.

Ansible不是一個五臟俱全的程式語言，但是它的確有一些程式語言的特色，其中一個最重要的是變數代換。

2017，Lorin Hochstein，René Moser，“4. Variables and Facts”, in Ansible: Up and Running，第2nd版, O’Reilly, →ISBN:


furry

furrier (comparative)
furriest (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-furry.wav

His treatment of our furry friends was nothing short of appalling.

他對我們毛茸朋友的待遇簡直是駭人聽聞。


furry

fursona

擬人化動物，常稱呼為獸、獸人。

擬人化動物，常稱呼為獸、獸人。

What percentage of furries are wolves?

The furry had designed an elaborate costume.

那名獸迷精心設計了一套服裝。


fortune-teller

fortune teller (alternative)
fortuneteller (alternative)
fortune-tellers (plural)

"Cross my palm with silver and I'll tell you your fortune," said the fortune-teller.

“用銀子劃過我的手掌，我就能算出你的命運。”算命家說道。


garth

繼承自中古英語 garth，源自古諾爾斯語 garðr，源自原始日耳曼語 *gardaz，與古英語 ġeard 同源。yard 的同源對似詞。

a cloister garth


graceful

more graceful (comparative)
most graceful (superlative)

She is a graceful dancer.

The half-dozen pieces […] were painted white and carved with festoons of flowers, birds and cupids. […] The bed was the most extravagant piece. Its graceful cane halftester rose high towards the cornice and was so festooned in carved white wood that the effect was positively insecure, as if the great couch were trimmed with icing sugar.

1963，Margery Allingham，章號 1, in The China Governess: A Mystery，London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

The athlete's graceful acceptance of the controversial second-place finish won the admiration of the spectators.

这位运动员从容地接受了备受争议的第二名的成绩，赢得了观众的钦佩。


gander

Have a gander at what he’s written.

I took a gander and she seemed so familiar.

我望了一眼，覺得她很面熟。


gullible

gull + -ible 或中古英語 gull (“新孵出的小鳥”，方言)，可能來自古諾爾斯語 gulr，來自其羽絨的色彩。

more gullible (comparative)
most gullible (superlative)

fleeceable

容易上當的，易受欺騙的，輕信的。

green

容易上當的，易受欺騙的，輕信的。

naif

容易上當的，易受欺騙的，輕信的。

naive

容易上當的，易受欺騙的，輕信的。

容易上當的，易受欺騙的，輕信的。

Andrew is so gullible, the way he still believes in Santa Claus, the Easter Bunny, the Tooth Fairy, and the Sandman at the age of fourteen.

安德魯真好騙，他都十四歲了，還在相信聖誕老公公、復活節兔子、牙仙子和睡魔。


huffy

huffier (comparative)
huffiest (superlative)

huffy bread


huh

最早的書面記錄始於約1600年。對照荷蘭語 hè (“哼”)。

hah (alternative)
hunh (alternative)
hiech (alternative)
hieh (alternative)

音頻 (美國加利福尼亞)

音頻 (南英格蘭、上升音調)

音頻 (南英格蘭、下降音調)

音頻 (南英格蘭、史詩般的功夫式音調)

Huh? Where did they go?

用於表示歡喜或微妙的驚訝：嗯，哼

Huh! I'm sure I locked it when I left.

啊！我很肯定，我離開的時候已經鎖好了。

Where were you last night? Huh?

用於貶低聲明/問題的發布者，或諷刺地表示完全同意，並表示被回應的聲明是極端輕描淡寫的。語調的變化是為了區分這兩種含義-- 貶低時暗示沉悶，完全同意時假裝驚訝。

(belittlement) A: "We should go to an amusement park, it would be fun." B: "Huh."

（貶低）A：“我們應該去主題樂園，那裡很好玩。”B：“哼！”

(agreement) A: "Murder is bad." B: "Huh!"

（同意）A：“謀殺是不好的。”B：“嗯！”

用來表示沒有聽到所說的內容。

Huh? Could you speak up?

用於創造一個附加問句。 嗎，呢，嘛

It's getting kind of late, huh?


hunch

hunk的齒擦音變體，起源不確定。
或是派生自hump，經由早期中古英語*hunche、*humpchin，來自*hump + -chin, -chen (指小詞後綴)，等同於hump + -kin。“預感，猜測”義據說源自過去賭博時摸駝背能帶來好運的迷信。

The old man walked with a hunch.

I have a hunch they'll find a way to solve the problem.

我感覺他們會找到解決問題的方法。

a hunch of bread

"The greedy little bastards! They had a 'unch of bread each when I 'ad my dinner."

1926，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，The Land of Mist:


hunch

hunches (third-person singular present)
hunching (present participle)
hunched (past participle)

slouch

身體向前將肩膀隆起；弓身，駝背。

stoop

身體向前將肩膀隆起；弓身，駝背。

lean

身體向前將肩膀隆起；弓身，駝背。

elbow

用手肘推或擠；對著某人推或擠。

nudge

用手肘推或擠；對著某人推或擠。

身體向前將肩膀隆起；弓身，駝背。

Don't hunch over your computer if you want to avoid neck problems.

如果你不想得頸部問題，就不要在電腦前駝背。

Sandy, you will never get anywhere by hunching over your putter, hold your shoulders back and bend from the waist.

1961, Muriel Spark, The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, New York: HarperPerenniel, 1994, Chapter 5, p. 156,

She rolled over and hunched into a fetal position.

1978, Armistead Maupin, Tales of the City, New York: Ballantine Books, “… and many happy returns,” p. 76,

抬起（肩膀）；向前彎曲（身體）

They stood outside the door hunching themselves against the rain and puffing on their cigarettes.

他們在門外一邊站著，弓著背躲雨，一邊抽著煙。

He hunched up his shoulders and stared down at the ground.

他抬起肩膀，往地下盯著。

Danc[ing] Mast[er]. […] not too fast […] keep you[r] leg[s] straight, […] don’t hunch up your shoulders so;

1672, Edward Ravenscroft, The Citizen Turn’d Gentleman, London: Thomas Dring, Act I, Scene 1, p. 4,

If you hunch your shoulders too long against a storm your shoulders will grow bowed....

1924, Ford Madox Ford, Some Do Not ..., New York: Grosset & Dunlap, Part 2, Chapter 2,

He would hunch his twisted body close and put out his gentle and crooked hand and touch the fawn.

1938, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, New York: Scribner, Chapter 17,

They sat looking out at the dark, at the square of light the kitchen lantern threw on the ground outside the door, with a hunched shadow of Grampa in the middle of it.

1939, John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath, New York: Viking, 1958, Chapter 10, p. 142,


halide

Potassium iodide is a halide.


hallelujah

來自希伯來語 הַלְלוּיָהּ (hal'luyáh，“讚美耶和華”)。

halleluia (alternative)
halleluiah (alternative)
halleluja (alternative)
alleluia (alternative)

Hallelujah! It’s finally the weekend!

哈利路亞（感謝）！終於到了周末！


hi

美國英語。首次出現在堪薩斯州印第安人的對話中（1862年）；最初是為了引起注意，可能是中古英語 hey、hy（大約1475年）的變體。也是引起注意的感嘆詞。參見hey。

Hi, how are you?

I just dropped by to say “hi”.

Anna: Pete, hi! Hi, we are here! — Pete: Hi, Anna! Hi, Marsha! — Anna: Hi! — Pete: How are you two? — Marsha: I am great!
#*::
 音頻 (美國)： (檔案)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)


hi

I didn't even get a hi.

我連招呼都不跟他打一個。


hi

high的另一種拼寫法，通常用連字符。

Get hi-quality videos here!


hickey

意想不到的損失，一般搭配作“taking a ...”或“took a ... ”

Farmer Jones took a hickey on his soybean crop when the flood washed the seeds away.

洪水把農民瓊斯的種子沖走，使他蒙受損失。


headless

繼承自中古英語 heedles、hevedles，來自古英語 hēafodlēas (“無頭”)，等同head + -less。與荷蘭語 hoofdloos (“無頭”)、丹麥語 hovedløs (“無頭”)、瑞典語 huvudlös (“無頭”)、冰島語 höfuðlaus (“無頭”)等同源。

unheaded

站點的前端與其後面的平台完全分離的

同類詞：rudderless

The headless army blundered along after the death of their general, accomplishing nothing.

將軍死後，這支群龍無首的軍隊步履蹣跚、一事無成。

A headless shell doesn't have a flange.

“無頭”彈殼即沒有邊緣的彈殼。


high-rise

high-rise jeans


hippie

源自1953年，為通常帶貶義的 hipster 的變體。參見嬉皮的詞源。

hippier (comparative)
hippiest (superlative)

That dress looks very hippie.

The drug-taking he's writing about is less hippie than punk: it's about speed and smack and pills as much as hallucinogens and weed, about compulsion as well as escape.

他所寫的毒品使用，其實比嬉皮更偏向龐克：它不僅是關於致幻劑和大麻，還包括興奮劑、海洛因和藥丸，既是強迫症，也是一種逃避。

2011，Mike Marqusee，Wicked Messenger: Bob Dylan and the 1960s, →ISBN:

You have to understand I worked in a very hippie nightclub for years, and the majority of the staff did not even like the Grateful Dead.

你得理解，我在一家非常嬉皮的夜總會工作了好多年，而大多數員工甚至不喜歡《感恩的死者》樂隊。

2012，Christopher Lento，The Bartender Diaries...A Life Fantastic!, →ISBN，頁 126:

And then I discovered LSD, you can't get much more hippie than that.

然後我發現了LSD，沒有比這更嬉皮的了。

2013，Ian Young，It's Not about Me!: Confessions of a Recovered Outlaw Addict, →ISBN:

They used a bunch of hippie compression formats instead of the usual RAR and ZIP.

他們使用了一些不符合普遍標準的壓縮格式，而不是常見的RAR和ZIP。


handsome

繼承自中古英語 handsum、hondsom，等同於hand + -some。對照荷蘭語 handzaam、德國低地德語 handsaam。原意是指「容易處理和使用」，因此便出現了「合適的」和「靈巧的，聰明的」等含義（16世紀中期），並產生了表示欣賞的現代化含義（16世紀晚期）。

more handsome (comparative)
handsomer (comparative)
most handsome (superlative)
handsomest (superlative)

外表英俊、帥氣、有吸引力，好看

On the opposite side of the street, on the corner, is the city hall, a very handsome building of brick and stone.

1916，On H.R. 4683, site for post-office building at Chicago, Ill，頁 117:

The mother, Ekaterina Pavlovna, who at one time had been handsome, but now, asthmatic, depressed, vague, and over-feeble for her years, tried to entertain me with conversation about painting. Having heard from her daughter that I might come to Shelkovka, she had hurriedly recalled two or three of my landscapes which she had seen in exhibitions in Moscow, and now asked what I meant to express by them.

1917，Anton Chekhov，譯者 Constance Garnett, The Darling and Other Stories，Project Gutenberg, →ISBN，頁 71:

Often, human mortals describe their visits to the Tuatha's [places] in similar terms: they were great bright places, occupied by exceedingly handsome men and women, that sported wonderful crystal chairs, inexhaustible supplies of mead or ale ...

2006，Richard Leviton，The Gods in Their Cities，iUniverse, →ISBN，頁 44:

That is one handsome tree you've got there.


harbinger

/ˈhɑːbɪndʒə/

/ˈhɑɹbɪnd͡ʒəɹ/

harbinger of danger; harbinger of doom; harbinger of spring

When the darkest days come, they are the harbinger of a new dawn.


hither

源自古英語 hider，源自原始日耳曼語 *hidrê。和拉丁語 citer 同源。

比較代詞性副詞 hereto ，其遵循「介詞 + what」或「介詞 + which」的模式。

He went hither and thither.

Unto her handmaid she cried,
"Go fetch my gold harp hither to me,
Sir Thynnè, I'll draw to my side."

1828，Thomas Keightley，The Fairy Mythology，卷 I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth，頁 164:

But the road left the river again; there were certainly twistings and turnings, as the old woman had said, for at one moment it wound hither and the next thither, and at some places it was almost imperceptible.

1886，Peter Christen Asbjørnsen，譯者 H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales，頁 280:

"How now, you scullions and cullions: bring hither a pair of cow's hooves to out face this contumelious caitiff."

1936，Norman Lindsay，The Flyaway Highway，Sydney: Angus and Robertson，頁 44:


holidays

假期，假日（尤指外出度假）

Where are you going for your holidays this year?

We're on our holidays.

聖誕節、光明節和新年的前後一段時期

Where will you be spending the holidays?

歲末年初，你打算在哪裡度過？


helix

來自拉丁語 helix，來自古希臘語 ἕλιξ (hélix，“盤繞或螺旋的東西”)。

helix piercing


irk

繼承自中古英語 irken (“使...劳累”)，源自古諾爾斯語 yrkja (“工作”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *wurkijaną (“工作”)，源自原始印歐語 *werǵ- (“劳”)。同源词有冰島語 yrkja (“撰写”)、瑞典語 yrka (“催促，争辩”)、古英語 wyrċan (“工作”)。详见work。

irks (third-person singular present)
irking (present participle)
irked (past participle)

It irks me doing all this work and have someone wreck it.

做了那么多东西最后被人给毁了，让我非常气恼。


instructive

more instructive (comparative)
most instructive (superlative)

didactic

教育性的；有益的；啟發性的

educative

教育性的；有益的；啟發性的

informative

教育性的；有益的；啟發性的

informatory

教育性的；有益的；啟發性的

教育性的；有益的；啟發性的

Well, that was an instructive lesson.

嗯，這是一個有啟發性的教訓。

Some commentators have suggested that the activity represented by WallStreetBets and Trumpism are part of the same populist, anti-elite phenomenon, but if Trumpism in general is instructive at all here, it’s as a reminder that self-described anti-elite movements can, in fact, turn out to be much more complicated than that.

一些評論家認為，WallStreetBets所代表的活動和特朗普主義是同一民粹主義、反精英現象的一部分，但如果特朗普主義一般來說在這裡有指導意義的話，那就是提醒人們，自稱的反精英運動事實上可能比這複雜得多。

2021年January29日，John Herrman，“Everything’s a Joke Until It’s Not”, in The New York Times:


ignominious

源自法語或古法語 ignominieux，源自拉丁語 ignōminiōsus (“可耻的”)，源自ignōminia (“名誉扫地”)，源自ig- (“不”) + nomen (“名誉”)（前缀为in-的同化形式）。 就词形分析为ignominy + -ious。

more ignominious (comparative)
most ignominious (superlative)

The time when the pseudovirtuous men and women die a painful and ignominious death has yet to come.

The golden eagle, which glittered in the front of the legion, was the object of their fondest devotion; nor was it esteemed less impious than it was ignominious, to abandon that sacred ensign in the hour of danger.

1776, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol I, ch 1—pt ii:

And it came to pass that they took him; and his name was Nehor; and they carried him upon the top of the hill Manti, and there he was caused, or rather did acknowledge, between the heavens and the earth, that what he had taught to the people was contrary to the word of God; and there he suffered an ignominious death.

Greene died of a debauch; and Marlowe, the gracer of tragedians, perished in an ignominious brawl.

1902，Thomas Ebenezer Webb，The Mystery of William Shakespeare: A Summary of Evidence，頁 242:

For Roy Hodgson it was a desperate and ignominious way to end his four years as England manager. Whatever else happened in that time, his period in office will probably always be remembered for the full-on humiliation that accompanied this defeat and the knowledge it will rank among the more infamous results in the history of the national team.

2016年June27日，Daniel Taylor，“England humiliated as Iceland knock them out of Euro 2016”, in The Guardian，London:

And yet it also seems that Khashoggi avoided anything as ignominious as personal bankruptcy.

2017年June7日，Adam Lusher，“Adnan Khashoggi: the 'whoremonger' whose arms deals funded a playboy life of decadence and 'pleasure wives'”, in The Independent，London:


indict

來自中古英語 enditen、endyten，來自古法語 enditer，來自晚期拉丁語 indictāre，來自拉丁語 in- + dictāre。indite 的同源對似詞。
不規則的拼寫是由於該詞是從古法語借入中世紀英語的，而不是像dictāre的大多數其他後裔那樣從拉丁語借入。 （可見dight)。在母音大推移的過程中，借用的/iː/常轉變為/aɪ/；而「c」代表的是後來圖形拉丁化的嘗試。

indicts (third-person singular present)
indicting (present participle)
indicted (past participle)

a book that indicts modern values

一本控告現代價值觀的書籍

his former manager was indicted for fraud

他的前經紀人因欺詐而被起訴


impression

His head made an impression on the pillow.

他的頭在枕頭上留下痕跡。

He tried to make a good impression on his parents.

他試圖給父母留下好印象。

Their empires, triumphs, conquests, and projects, have left little impression behind them, notwithstanding the attention they once attracted, and the violent convulsions which they caused in the state of the world.

1805，Henry Kett，“Conclusion”, in Elements of General Knowledge, Introductory to Useful Books in the Principal Branches of Literature and Science. […]，卷 I, Philadelphia, Pa.: […] [T]he Press of H. Maxwell, for F. Nichols, […], and J. A. Cummings, […]，頁s 387–388:

The stories did not seem to me to touch life. […] They left me with the impression of a well-delivered stereopticon lecture, with characters about as life-like as the shadows on the screen, and whisking on and off, at the mercy of the operator.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年），Winston Churchill，章號 1, in The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

Though most of the cases here cover European encounters with non-Europeans, it is not the intention of the book to give the impression that genocide is a function of European colonialism and imperialism alone.

2008年June1日，A. Dirk Moses，“Preface”, in Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History，Berghahn Books, →ISBN，頁 x:

I have the impression that he's already left for Paris.

我印象中他已經動身去巴黎了。


interchangeable

/ɪntɚˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒəbl̩/

[ɪɾ̃ɚˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒəbl̩]

Eli Whitney's development of interchangeable parts was a breakthrough for modern manufacturing. Prior to that, each part had to be made custom.

伊莱·惠特尼发明的可互换零件是现代制造业的一大突破。在此之前，每个零件都必须定制。

Sometimes the same words mean opposite things. Sometimes the opposite is true. Shock absorbers are called shocks. Slow down and slow up are interchangeable.

1997，George Carlin，Brain Droppings，New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 104:

The English, until relatively recently, seem to have imagined “English” and “British” to be interchangeable, as if Britain was just a bigger England.

2014年September16日，Ian Jack，“Is this the end of Britishness”, in The Guardian:


injectant

A variety of fatty injectants may be used to create artificial marbling in meat.

多種脂肪注射劑可用於在肉中產生人造大理石花紋。


immediately

I hope we can begin immediately.

我希望我們可以立刻開始。

His unruly hair was slicked down with water, and as Jessamy introduced him to Miss Brindle his face assumed a cherubic innocence which would immediately have aroused the suspicions of anyone who knew him.

1967，Barbara Sleigh，Jessamy，Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, 出版於 1993, →ISBN，頁 96:

Spain failed to move through the gears despite exerting control for lengthy spells and a measure of perspective must be applied immediately to the outcome.

尽管西班牙队长时间控制着比赛，但他们仍未能取得进展，因此必须立即对比赛结果进行客观评估。

2011年November12日，“International friendly: England 1-0 Spain”, in BBC Sport:


immortalise

源自 immortal + -ise。也許是仿照中古法語 immortaliser 的拼寫。

immortalises (third-person singular present)
immortalising (present participle)
immortalised (past participle)

His heroic deeds were immortalised in song and tale.

他的英雄事蹟在歌曲和故事中永垂不朽。

The clocks at either end of the stadium had just ticked past 92 minutes when Branislav Ivanovic made the run that will immortalise him in Chelsea's history.

當布蘭尼斯拉夫·伊萬諾維奇跑出令他在切爾西隊史上名垂千古的一幕時，球場兩側的時鐘剛剛過去92分鐘。


interstellar

It can take centuries for light to travel interstellar distances.

光要传播星际距离可能需要几个世纪的时间。

Space is littered with interstellar particles.

Approximately 5 billion years ago, our solar nebula was formed as gravitational forces pulled interstellar gas and dust into a swirling mass around out newly formed sun.

2012，Chinle Miller，In Mesozoic Lands: The Mesozoic Geology of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks，第Kindle版:


intolerance

Religious intolerance is a serious problem in Brazil.


intricacy

the intricacy of a knot

the intricacy of accounts

the intricacy of a cause in controversy

There are many intricacies in the plot of this novel.

这篇小说的情节十分错综复杂。


inaudible

Dogs can hear this whistle, but for people it is inaudible.

狗可以听到这个哨音，但是人听不到。

At first his voice was almost inaudible; but soon the spirit mastered the body, and his hollow but distinct tones gained a supernatural strength.

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XXXII, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 267:


inauguration

/ɪnɔːɡ(j)ʊˈɹeɪʃən/

正式开始、发起或投入使用

近義詞：dedication

The inauguration of the new bar was a success, with plenty of discounts.

新酒吧的开业非常成功，折扣也很多。


lordly

繼承自中古英語 lordly、lordlich，來自古英語 hlāfordlīċ (“貴族；高貴；貴重”)，等同於lord + -ly。
副詞來自中古英語 lordly、lordely、lordliche。

lordlier (comparative)
more lordly (comparative)
lordliest (superlative)
most lordly (superlative)

Show us your lordly might: demonstrate that you can order people and get them to obey.

向我们展现您的威严：证明您可以命令人民并让他们服从。

But they are the peers of the Queensland Parliament, and, having no lordly robes, must approach the Old Country model as closely as possible.

1880，John Nichols，The Gentleman’s Magazine，卷 248，頁 60:

[I]n that some form of duty and sacrifice (here, participation in the 1848 Revolution and a recognition of his lordly duty) is not only beneficially character-forming but also leads ultimately to a condition which is 'sublime'.

2006，Steve Wharton，Screening Reality，頁 104:

Samson, in reply to this, says, “If you are not lordly, nor value your lordly title, as you tell me, and I trust in truth and sincerity, shall I call you a phoenix?

2011，Thomas Smith, C. Matthew McMahon, Therese B. McMahon，Select Memoirs of the English and Scottish Divines，頁 282:

[H]e's still got his lordly habits, and more so since coming out of the war as a general.' 'A colonel, Sammy,' said Rachel. 'Same thing, good as,' said Sammy. 'Boots, of course, does wear his lordly crown with style,' said Rachel. 'Don't I know it?

2011，Mary Jane Staples，Appointment at the Palace: An Adams Family Saga Novel，頁 275:


lose

源自中古英語 losen，源自古英語 losian，源自原始日耳曼語 *lusōną，*luzōną，源自原始日耳曼語 *lusą。

loses (third-person singular present)
losing (present participle)
lost (past participle)

the wolf may lose his teeth but never his nature

what you gain on the swings you lose on the roundabouts

what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts

would lose one's head if it wasn't attached

導致某物不再為某人所有。 從身體中取出（器官）

He lost his spleen in a car wreck.

他在一場車禍中失去了脾臟。

導致某物不再為某人所有。 減肥；減輕重量

I’ve lost five pounds this week.

I lost my way in the forest.

We lost the football match.

我們輸掉了這場足球比賽。

When we get into the building, please lose the hat.

進入大樓後，請將帽子摘掉

It's already 5:30? My watch must have lost a few minutes.

已經 5:30 了？我的表肯定慢了幾分鐘。


loudly

loudlier (comparative)
more loudly (comparative)
loudliest (superlative)
most loudly (superlative)

He spoke loudly so that his brother could hear him from across the street.

他說得很大聲，這樣他兄弟在街對面也能聽得見。

And still when loudliest howls the storm, / And darkliest lowers his native sky, / The king's fierce soul is in that form, / The warrior's spirit threatens nigh!

1846，R[obert] S[tephen] Hawker，“The Wreck”, in Echoes from Old Cornwall，London: Joseph Masters, […], →OCLC, stanza X，頁 76:


leftmost

Start with the leftmost one and work towards the right.

從最左邊的那個開始，然後向右走。


knowledgeable

more knowledgeable (comparative)
most knowledgeable (superlative)

a knowledgeable man

Let all knowledgeable people present what they say, write and show.


litigant

派生自法語 litigant，來自中古法語，來自拉丁語 lītigāns。

more litigant (comparative)
most litigant (superlative)

the parties litigant


leverage

/ˈlɛv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/

mechanical advantage

繞樞軸旋轉的槓桿而復合的力；參見扭矩。

operating leverage

在設施的高產能利用率下運作時能夠獲得非常高的回報的能力。

繞樞軸旋轉的槓桿而復合的力；參見扭矩。

A crowbar uses leverage to pry nails out of wood.

In order to proportion the braking force to the weight carried by a wheel - a matter of special importance in the braking of wagons - variable leverage systems are now being introduced in which the end of one axle spring is linked to a control spring in the change-over valve, so automatically varying the leverage exerted by the brake-rod according to whether the wagon is full or empty.

1960 April，“The braking of trains”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 237:

任何複合的或用來獲得優勢的影響。

Try using competitors’ prices for leverage in the negotiation.

The former Forest man, who passed a late fitness test, appeared to use Guy Moussi for leverage before nodding in David Fox's free-kick at the far post - his 22nd goal of the season.

2011年April15日，Saj Chowdhury，“Norwich 2 - 1 Nott'm Forest”, in BBC Sport:

使用合約確定回報的借入資金來提高投資能力並獲得預期更高的回報，但通常風險較高。

Leverage is great until something goes wrong with your investments and you still have to pay your debts.

Online margin trading is usually based on leverage, where the brokerage effectively lets you borrow more money than you have deposited as collateral.

2011，Brian Dolan，Currency Trading For Dummies，John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN，頁 55:

Both exchanges offer crypto derivatives, which are bets on future fluctuations in cryptocurrency prices. They also offer extreme leverage — up to 125 times on Binance. That means a $1,000 down payment can be turned into a $125,000 gamble.

2021年July23日，Eric Lipton, Ephrat Livni，“‘I Feel Conflicted’: Crypto’s Offshore Trading Moguls Talk Shop”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


leverage

leverages (third-person singular present)
leveraging (present participle)
leveraged (past participle)

/ˈlɛv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/

使用；利用；為了充分利用（某物）而進行操縱。

They plan to leverage the publicity into a good distribution agreement.

They plan to leverage off the publicity to get a good distribution agreement.

EAP research has developed advanced methods for producing corpus-informed vocabulary resources, but these have yet to be fully leveraged to promote disciplinary literacy within the secondary school context.

2018，Clarence Green, James Lambert，“Advancing disciplinary literacy through English for academic purposes: Discipline-specific wordlists, collocations and word families for eight secondary subjects”, in Journal of English for Academic Purposes，卷 35, →DOI，頁 105:


lief

繼承自中古英語 lef、leve、leef，繼承自古英語 lēof，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *leub，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *leubaz。
同源詞包括薩特弗里斯蘭語 ljo、ljoo、西弗里斯蘭語 leaf、荷蘭語 lief、德國低地德語 leev、德語 lieb、瑞典語、新挪威語 ljuv、哥特語 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍃 (liufs)、俄語 любо́вь (ljubóvʹ)、波蘭語 luby。
副詞可對比德語 lieber、荷蘭語 liever (“寧願，更喜歡”)。

liefer (comparative)
liever (comparative)
liefest (superlative)

I'd as lief have one as t'other.

As far as physiognomy goes, the winners protest that they would as lief have foregone the double points, and the money.

1826，Thomas Byerly, John Timbs，The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction:

these great masters of the art, who would far liefer see us little ones practice it, than themselves engage [...].

1869，RD Blackmoore，Lorna Doone, section II:

Since sware the Parcæ unto me, their friend, / they shall adore my name, my favour prize; / and, as their feats of armèd prowess shend / all feats of rival Rome, I lief devise / some mode of aidance in what things I may, / far as our force o'er man extendeth sway.

1880，Richard Francis Burton，Os Lusíadas，卷 II，頁 339:

I'd as lief put on my hat and cane and help you if you think they'll be too heavy.

1902，Josephine Spenser，Corner in Chrysanthemums:


moment of inertia

The moment of inertia of a rigid body is a quantity that determines the torque needed for a given angular acceleration about a given rotational axis, analogous to how mass determines the force needed for a given acceleration.

The moments of inertia of a heterogeneous body whose boundary is a surface of uniform density may sometimes be found by the method of differentiation.

1882，Edward John Routh，The Elementary Part of a Treatise on the Dynamics of a System of Rigid Bodies，第4th版, MacMillan & Co.，頁 10:

Consequently, the moment of inertia of a body relative to any axis can be found when that for the parallel axis through its centre of gravity is known.

1884，Benjamin Williamson，An Elementary Treatise on the Integral Calculus，第4th版, Appleton and Company，頁 292:


marauder

/məˈɹɔːdə(ɹ)/

(流動作案的) 強盜、搶劫者

a band of marauders


memo

memos (third-person singular present)
memoing (present participle)
memoed (past participle)

I made sure to memo him about the client's complaints.

我確保向他提交了關於客戶投訴的備忘錄。


mostly

mostlie (alternative)
moastly (alternative)

主要、首先；大多；通常、廣泛、大抵、大都。

They're mostly good people, although they have made a few mistakes.

雖然他們都犯過錯，但是他們大多是好人。

Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.

2013年June29日，“A punch in the gut”, in The Economist，卷 407, 期 8842，頁s 72-3:


mitochondria

mitochondria (plural)
mitochondrias (plural)

The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.

粒線體是細胞的動力來源。


marijuana

來自墨西哥西班牙語 marihuana，來自mariguana。最早見於1894年，起源不确定。有一種民間詞源說法認為是受專有名詞 María Juana (“Mary Jane”) 的影響。

marihuana (alternative)
marijuanas (plural)

/ˌmɛɹɪˈwɑ.nə/

/ˌmæɹɪˈwɑː.nə/

After smoking a bowl of that fine marijuana, they ate some brownies.

吸完一碗上好的大麻之後，他們吃了點巧克力布朗尼。

Exactly. Marijuana is something we just all gradually decided is okay, like Mark Wahlberg as a serious actor. “You know what? Sure, I’ve decided I’m fine with that.”

確實如此。大麻這種東西，我們現在都已經逐漸可以接受了，就像馬克·華伯格逐漸成長為入流演員一樣。“你知道嗎？當然，我已經肯定我能接受了。”

2017年April2日，“Marijuana”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver，季数 4, 集数 7, John Oliver (actor), 經由 HBO:


nametag

名牌（写有某人名字的标签、标牌）

Here's your nametag for the business conference.

这是您参加商务会议的名牌。

We'd better put nametags in the children's school uniforms, in case they get mixed up.

我们最好在孩子们的校服上放上名牌，以防混淆。


necessarily

more necessarily (comparative)
most necessarily (superlative)

/ˌnɛsəˈsɛɹəli/

/ˌnɛsəˈsɛɹəli/

But clever cities will not necessarily be better ones.

但“聪明”的城市不一定就更好。

2013年September7日，“The multiplexed metropolis”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8852:

It is not necessarily true that children get their morals from their parents.

孩子的道德不一定是从父母那里得到的。

Solutions abound, but not necessarily where we expect them.

解决方案比比皆是，但不一定是我们所期望的。


negate

借自拉丁語 negātus，negāre (“拒絕、否決”)的過去分詞，源自*nec-aiare（或相似的形式），源自nec (“非；亦非”) + aiere (“說”)。

negates (third-person singular present)
negating (present participle)
negated (past participle)

否認存在、證據或真實性；牴觸

The investigation tending to negate any supernatural influences.


messenger

源自中古英語 messengere、messingere、messangere，源自古法語 messanger，古法語 messagier（對比現代法語 messager）的變體，等同於message + -er。messager 的同源對似詞。
代替本土的古英語 boda (“信使，使者”) 和 ǣrendraca (“信使，特使”)。
至於 -ager 被 -enger、-inger、-anger代替的現象，對比passenger、harbinger、scavenger、porringer。這樣做可能只添加了一個 n，或可能是與其他後綴，如中古英語 -ing的混淆。對比古法語 -ange、-enc、-inge、-inghe (對應英語的 -ing) 與 古法語 -age (對應英語的 -age) 的關係。

messengers (third-person singular present)
messengering (present participle)
messengered (past participle)

I'll messenger over the signed documents.

我會把這封簽名文件郵寄出去。


mayonnaise

非同化借詞，源自法語 mayonnaise，可能以梅諾卡島的 Maó (西班牙語為 Mahón) 市命名，該食譜就是從那裡傳回法國的。對比西班牙語 mahonesa。其他建議的起源包括貝雲市（bayonnaise）；馬耶訥公爵和法語中的單字 manier (“處理”) 或古法語中的 moyeu（即蛋黃）。

Mayonnaise (alternative)
mayonnaises (plural)

任何以該調味料為原料的冷菜。

We served a lobster mayonnaise as a starter.

我們提供了龍蝦蛋黃醬作為開胃菜。

任何乳霜，例如用於保濕臉部或調理頭髮的乳霜，其基礎成分都是蛋黃和油。

hair mayonnaise

facial mayonnaise

They include cider vinegar, two pre-shampoo products, shampoo, conditioner, hair mayonnaise, oil, leave-in conditioner, end protector, revitalising styling spray and filtered water.

它們包括蘋果醋、兩種洗髮前產品、洗髮精、護髮素、髮絲乳霜、油、免沖洗護髮素、髮梢保護劑、活力造型噴霧和過濾水。

2016，Emma Tarlo，Entanglement: The Secret Lives of Hair，Oneworld Publications, →ISBN:

Then I implemented a lighter protein conditioner – such as hair mayonnaise, which I learned about from my cousin Renee – for the off weeks. I used this hidden gem in combination with olive oil (yes, I bought a kitchen bottle of olive oil – the same kind my grandmother used in every single delicious dish she ever cooked – strictly for use in my hair).

然後，我在休息的幾周里使用了更輕的蛋白質護髮素 - 例如頭髮乳霜，這是我從表妹蕾妮那裡學到的。我將這種藏宝與橄欖油混合使用（是的，我買了一瓶廚房橄欖油 - 和我祖母在她做的每道美味佳餚中都用到的一樣 - 專門用於我的頭髮）。

2010，Rhea E. Santangelo，Grow It Girl! How I Took My Hair from Broken to Beautiful，Lulu.com, →ISBN，頁 26:


millisecond

We live our lives in three dimensions for our threescore and ten allotted years. Yet every branch of contemporary science, from statistics to cosmology, alludes to processes that operate on scales outside of human experience: the millisecond and the nanometer, the eon and the light-year.

我们七十年的人生都在三维空间中度过。然而，从统计学到宇宙学，当代科学的每个分支，都涉及着超越人类经验尺度的运作过程：毫秒、纳米、永恒、光年。

2012年January13日，Robert L. Dorit，“Rereading Darwin”, in American Scientist，卷 100, 期 1，存檔自the original on 2012-11-14，頁 23:

The suggestion that pulsars were rotating neutron stars was put forth independently by Thomas Gold and Franco Pacini in 1968, and was soon proven beyond reasonable doubt by the discovery of a pulsar with a very short (33-millisecond) pulse period in the Crab nebula.ᵂ

1968年，托马斯·戈尔德和弗兰科·帕西尼分别独立提出了脉冲星是旋转中子星的观点，这一观点很快通过在蟹状星云中发现一颗脉冲周期非常短（33毫秒）的脉冲星而得到毫无疑问的证实。


muscularity

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-muscularity.wav

The muscularity in his forearm was visible as he flexed his fingers.

当他弯曲手指时，他的前臂肌肉清晰可见。

身体某一部位的肌肉发达程度

Focussed exercise brought out the muscularity in her calves.

集中锻炼让她的小腿肌肉更加发达。


monstrous

繼承自中古英語 monstrous，來自古法語 monstrueuse、monstrüos，來自拉丁語 mōnstrōsus。對照monstruous。

more monstrous (comparative)
most monstrous (superlative)

a monstrous height

Possibly monster pumpkins may become still more monstrous by the shoots being ringed, and so may other vegetables and fruits where quality is of less importance than mere size.

1901年December20日，“The Ringing of Plants”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record，卷 4, 期 21，頁 663:


medical

借自中古法語 medical，源自中世紀拉丁語 medicālis，源自拉丁語 medicus。代替古英語 lǣċe (“醫生”)，其與冰島語 læknir (“醫生”)同源。

more medical (comparative)
most medical (superlative)

medical doctor; medical student

Do you have any medical experience?

你有過醫學方面的經驗嗎？

The US supreme court has ruled unanimously that natural human genes cannot be patented, a decision that scientists and civil rights campaigners said removed a major barrier to patient care and medical innovation.

2013年June21日，Karen McVeigh，“US rules human genes can't be patented”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 2，頁 10:

medical marijuana; medical cannabis; medical treatment

藥用大麻；藥用大麻；醫療

A costly medical condition can bankrupt you if it doesn't kill you first.

假如疾病沒有讓你先死去，那麼昂貴的治療費用會讓你破產。

medical examinaton; medical exemption; medical history; medical record; medical diagnosis

醫學檢查；醫療豁免；病史；病史檔案；醫學診斷

medical ward


medical

You'll have to get a medical before you apply for that job.

你應聘之前，得去做個體檢。

After completing a medical and the requisite paperwork on Tuesday to seal the deal, Di María said: “I am absolutely delighted to be joining Manchester United. I have thoroughly enjoyed my time in Spain and there were a lot of clubs interested in me, but United is the only club that I would have left Real Madrid for.

2014, Jamie Jackson, "Ángel di María says Manchester United were the ‘only club’ after Real", The Guardian, 26 August 2014:

All UK train drivers must undergo a medical every three years up to the age of 54, and annually from then on.

2021年November17日，“Network News: Age-related medical requirements”, in RAIL，期 944，頁 9:


man-hour

manhour (alternative)
man-hours (plural)

Ten workers for two days—that's 160 man-hours.

十個工人工作兩天——就是160工時。

Since 1950 our agricultural output per man-hour has actually doubled!

1962 January 11, John F. Kennedy, Second State of the Union Address:


melancholy

繼承自中古英語 malencolie，來自古法語 melancolie，來自古希臘語 μελαγχολία (melankholía，“atrabiliousness”)，來自μέλας (mélas)、μελαν- (melan-，“黑色，黑暗，陰暗”) + χολή (kholḗ，“膽汁”)。對照拉丁語 ātra bīlis (“黑膽汁”)。形容詞用法是中古英語的創新，可能受到後綴-y、-ly的影響。

melancholly (alternative)
melancholie (alternative)
melancholious (alternative)
more melancholy (comparative)
most melancholy (superlative)

Melancholy people don't talk much.

“[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes[…]. And then, when you see [the senders], you probably find that they are the most melancholy old folk with malignant diseases. […]”

1922，Ben Travers，章號 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest:

And then the band slowed the tempo / And the music gets you down / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah / It was the same old song / With a melancholy sound / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah

1981，Greg Kihn, Steve Wright，“The Breakup Song (They Don't Write 'Em)”, in RocKihnRoll，演出者 The Greg Kihn Band:


euphoria

借自新拉丁語 euphoria，來自古希臘語 εὐφορίᾱ (euphoríā)，來自εὔφορος (eúphoros，“承重牆的”)，來自εὐ- (eu-，“出色地”) + φέρω (phérō，“承擔”)。

The runner was in (a state of) absolute euphoria after winning his first marathon.

这位跑手在第一次赢得马拉松比赛后，处于绝对的兴奋状态。


protestant

more protestant (comparative)
most protestant (superlative)

a protestant effort

protestant work ethic


been there, done that

為“I have been there and have done that”的省略。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-been there, done that.ogg

been there, done that, bought the T-shirt

斷言說話者對某事/某地有親身經驗、了解，而不想再重複去做

No, I don't wanna go paragliding. Been there, done that. I found it awful.

我才不要去玩滑翔傘。早就玩過了，我不喜歡。

Paragliding? Been there, done that, bought the T-shirt and the video.

滑翔啊？早就玩過了，還買了紀念衫跟錄影。

Huntsman feints at being the Snow White retelling no one has ever seen before, but ultimately becomes the “been there, done that” of fairy-tale filmmaking.

2012年May31日，Tasha Robinson，“Film: Review: Snow White And The Huntsman”, in The A.V. Club:

He looked down at my résumé. “Wow, you interned at The New Yorker. Did you apply there?” ¶ “Nope.” ¶ He looked up. ¶ I gave the line a tug. ¶ “I just felt like, ‘been there, done that,’ you know? Also, I dated a few guys in the office so it would've been awkward.”

2013，Iris Smyles，Iris Has Free Time，Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint, →ISBN，頁 7:


google

The word "oceanfront" has 6,150,000 googles, so I think it must be a real word.

“oceanfront”這個詞在谷歌上有615萬條結果，我覺得這應該是個實際存在的詞。


google

googles (third-person singular present)
googling (present participle)
googled (past participle)

Tom googles all of his prospective girlfriends.

"Have fun and keep googling!"

1998年July8日，Larry Page，“Google Search Engine: New Features”, in eGroups，Google Friends Mailing List，存檔自the original on 1999-10-09:

Googling in search of an apology from the former Enron C.E.O. […]

2002年December28日，Bill Keller，“Who's Sorry Now?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, retrieved 2007-06-24，頁 A-19:

使用搜索引擎進行網上搜索

I googled him but there were no references to him on the Internet.

我在網上搜了他，但是沒有結果。

出現在互聯網的搜索結果中

His name googles.

他的名字出現在搜索結果中。


plaintive

源自中古英語 pleintif, plentyff ← 法語 plaintif (“悲痛的”) ← plainte (“怨，痛”)；參見plaint，plaintiff。

more plaintive (comparative)
most plaintive (superlative)

伤心的，悲哀的，忧郁的。

a typically plaintive song from Radiohead

來自Radiohead的一首典型的傷感歌曲


perfectionist

more perfectionist (comparative)
most perfectionist (superlative)

perfectionistic parents

有關本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:perfectionist。


okay

We can start as soon as we get the okay.

我們一拿到許可就可以開始。


okay

more okay (comparative)
okayer (comparative)
most okay (superlative)
okayest (superlative)

Do you think it's okay to stay here for the night?

你覺得在這裡過夜可以嗎？

The soup was okay, but the dessert was excellent.

湯還可以，但甜點非常棒。

He's not feeling well now, but he should be okay after some rest.

他現在不太舒服，不過休息一下應該就沒事了。


okay

Okay, I'm thinking of a number...

好吧，我在想一個數字...


oligarchy

借自法語 oligarchie，源自晚期拉丁語 oligarchia，源自古希臘語 ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía)，源自ὀλίγος (olígos，“少數”) + ἀρχή (arkhḗ，“統治”)。
By surface analysis, oligo- (“少數”) + -archy (“統治，命令”)。

/ˈɒlɪˌɡɑːki/

/ˈɑːlɪˌɡɑɹki/

/ˈoʊlɪˌɡɑɹki/

meritocracy

由「最優秀的人」統治，特別是世襲貴族

Despite the involvement of all classes of society, America's political duopoly and the importance of money to mass-market campaigning has established an oligarchy that is seldom responsive to the citizenry as a whole, when opposed to the wealthy or major interest groups.

儘管社會各階層都參與其中，但美國的雙頭政治壟斷以及金錢對大眾競選活動的重要性，已經確立了一個寡頭政治，當與富人或主要利益集團對抗時，該寡頭政治很少對全體公民負責。

It's an oligarchy because these families own and run almost everything that makes money in El Salvador. Coffee gave birth to the oligarchy in the late 19th century, and economic growth has revolved around them ever since.

這是一個寡頭政治，因為這些家族擁有並經營著薩爾瓦多幾乎所有賺錢的東西。咖啡在19世紀末催生了寡頭政治，從此經濟成長就圍繞著寡頭政治。

1981年September6日，“The Eclipse of the Oligarchs [寡头的衰落]”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The Itasca Project is just one example of existing oligarchy, and a surprisingly open one at that.

伊塔斯卡計畫只是現存寡頭政治的一個例子，並且是一個令人驚訝的公開的寡頭政治。

2016年January17日，“Wealthy cabals run America [富有的阴谋集团统治美国]”, in Al Jazeera America, retrieved 2016-01-18:

The 1832 Reform Act aimed to transform the British oligarchy and allow Parliament to represent the interests of a broader range of the population.

1832年改革法案旨在改變英國寡頭政治，使議會能夠代表更廣泛民眾的利益。

The modern British oligarchy—particularly during periods of Tory rule—has been called a chumocracy.

現代英國寡頭政治——特別是保守黨執政時期——被稱為密友政治。


oligopoly

原始印歐語詞
 *h₃ligos
源自oligo- (前綴意思是“很少；一些”) + -poly (後綴，意思是“與市場上賣家的數量有關”)，類比monopoly。

/ɒlɪˈɡɒpəli/

/ˌɑləˈɡɑpəli/

Because of the ease of collusion, particularly price fixing, duopolies and oligopolies easily produce outcomes as bad for the general public as outright monopolies.

由於容易發生合謀，尤其是價格操縱，雙頭壟斷和寡占很容易產生與徹底壟斷一樣對公眾有害的後果。

For the sheep are falling into few and powerful hands; and these, if they have not a monopoly, have at least an oligopoly, and can keep up the price.

因為羊群落入了少數有權有勢的人的手中；這些企業即使沒有形成壟斷，至少也是形成寡占，並且能維持價格。

1866年October1日，Frederic Seebohm，“The Oxford Reformers of 1498. Chapter VII.”, in The Fortnightly Review，卷 VI, 期 XXXIV, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, section 3 ([Thomas] More Drawn into Court. His Introduction to the “Utopia” (1516))，頁 489:

[Thomas] More makes an antithesis between monopolium and oligopolium. We have ‘monopoly,’ but not ‘oligopoly’ (the sale by a few), and so cannot preserve the point of the sentence.

[托馬斯] 莫爾將壟斷與寡占進行了對比。我們有‘壟斷’，但沒有‘寡占’（少數人銷售），因此無法保留該句子的要點。

[1895，J[oseph] H[irst] Lupton，“The Fyrste Boke of the Communycacion of Raphaell Hythlodaye Concernynge the Best State of a Commenwealthe”, in Thomas More, 譯者 Ralph Robynson, The Utopia of Sir Thomas More: In Latin from the Edition of March 1518, and in English from the First Edition of Ralph Robynson’s Translation in 1551 […]，Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, footnote 2，頁 55，列 2:

An embarrassing infelicity is the use of Russianised consonants, where for six of the consonants, an additional set is made by supersigns, representing the letter h. […] The specialist offices have it all to themselves; not a 'monopoly’, but an ‘oligopoly’, if we may coin the term.

一個令人尷尬的不恰當之處是俄語化輔音的使用，其中六個輔音由一組額外的上標符號組成，代表字母 h。 […] 專業辦公室擁有自己的一切；不是‘壟斷’，而是‘寡占’，如果我們可以創造這個術語的話。

1907 April，G. Macloskie，“[General Literature.] The Gospel of Matthew in Esperanto.—La Evangelio Sankta Mateo lau Dro. Martin Luther Tradukita en la Lingvon Internacian Esperanto de W. B. Mielck kaj Fr. Stephan, kun Antauparolo de Lic. Dr. Alfred Jeremias Pastro de la Lutheran-preghejo kaj Docento de la Universitato en Leipzig. Leipzig, 1906. J. C. Hinrichs. pp. vii, 66. [book review]”, in The Princeton Theological Review，卷 V, 期 2, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 352:

The major difference between pure and differentiated oligopoly cases is that in pure oligopolies less "shock" is needed to alter the organization of the market.

純粹寡占和差異化寡占之間的主要區別在於，純粹寡占需要較少的「衝擊」來改變市場組織。

1967，John C. Narver，“The Competitive Effects of Conglomerate Mergers”, in Conglomerate Mergers and Market Competition (Publications of the Institute of Business and Economic Research, University of California)，Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California Press, 出版於 1969, →OCLC，頁 126:

Although the power source had shifted from the king's near monopoly into an elite oligopoly, the masses were still afflicted when they sought wood fuel. But through the oligopoly, charcoal fuel proliferated throughout London's trades and industries. By the 1200s, brewers and bakers, tile makers, glassblowers, pottery producers, and a range of other craftsmen all became hour-to-hour consumers of charcoal. This only magnified the indispensable nature of the oligopolists.

雖然權力來源已經從國王的近乎壟斷轉變為精英寡占，但民眾在尋求木質燃料時仍然受到困擾。但由於寡占，木炭燃料在倫敦的整個貿易和工業中迅速普及。到了 13 世紀，釀酒師、麵包師、瓷磚製造商、玻璃吹製工、陶器生產商以及其他一系列工匠都成為了木炭的即時消費者。這只會放大寡頭的不可或缺性。

2006 September，Edwin Black，“Power Struggle”, in Internal Combustion: How Corporations and Governments Addicted the World to Oil and Derailed the Alternatives，New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN，頁 16:

By the late 1930s, however, the major film companies had consolidated their status as vertically-integrated oligopolies that dominated movie production, distribution and exhibition.

然而，到了 20 世紀 30 年代末，主要電影公司已經鞏固了其垂直整合寡占的地位，主宰了電影製作、發行和放映。

2016，Iwan Morgan，“Introduction: Hollywood and the Great Depression”, in Hollywood and the Great Depression: American Film, Politics and Society in the 1930s，Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN:

Not only does the tech oligopoly seamlessly record our preferences, habits, and choices, it also uses that data to guide our future choices, rendering us increasingly useful to the tech companies and useless to ourselves.

科技寡占不僅無縫記錄我們的偏好、習慣和選擇，還利用這些數據來引導我們未來的選擇，使我們對科技公司越來越有用，而對我們自己卻毫無用處。

2022年October28日，Malcolm Harris，“Are We Living Under ‘Technofeudalism’?”, in New York Magazine:


paleness

The cold weather intensified the paleness of the landscape.


paleolithic

These laws are absolutely paleolithic.

這些法律絕對都已經老掉牙了。


ode

來自中古法語 ode，來自晚期拉丁語 ōda，來自古希臘語 ᾠδή (ōidḗ，“歌”)。Aoede 的同源對似詞。

[標題]

write an ode to someone


prong

來自中古英語 pronge，可能來自中古低地德語 prange (“棍子，約束裝置”)，來自prangen (“按，捏”)，來自古撒克遜語 *prangan，來自原始西日耳曼語 *prangan，來自原始日耳曼語 *pranganą (“壓”)，來自原始印歐語 *(s)preng- (“包裹，限制”)。
與立陶宛語 spriñgti (“窒息或阻塞”)、拉脫維亞語 sprañgât (“繩索，限制”)、古希臘語 σπαργανόω (sparganóō，“用襁褓包裹”)、σπάργανον (spárganon，“襁褓”)同族。參見prank、prance、prink。

細、尖、突出的部分；尖頭

a pitchfork with four prongs

the two prongs of a river

the second prong of the argument


outdoors

They went outdoors to light up their cigarettes.


outdoors

She loves the outdoors.


politically

more politically (comparative)
most politically (superlative)

politically insensitive

a politically-charged speech

Although politically he claims to be a Democrat, his actions are more Republican.

尽管在政治上他自称是民主党人，但他的行动更像共和党人。

Nevertheless intellectually, ideologically and politically he identified with industrialists whom he, just like Smith, saw as the usherers of progress.

然而，从思想、意识形态和政治角度来说，他认同工业家，就像史密斯一样，他视工业家为进步的引领者。

2002，Yanis Varoufakis，Foundations of Economics: A Beginner's Companion，頁 25:


puffy

puffier (comparative)
puffiest (superlative)

puffy breath

A puffy fat man in a tracksuit came jogging around the corner.

一個喘著粗氣、穿著運動服的胖男人在一角慢跑。


passage

繼承自中古英語，源自古法語 passage，源自 passer (“通過”)。

passage of scripture

She struggled to play the difficult passages.

她尽力演奏那些困难的乐段。

He made his passage through the trees carefully, mindful of the stickers.

他小心翼翼地穿过树林，留意着粘人的东西。

議會通過法案 （自17世紀）

The company was one of the prime movers in lobbying for the passage of the act.

该公司是游说此法案通过的主要推动者之一。

the Northwest Passage


passage

繼承自中古英語，源自古法語 passage，源自 passer (“通過”)。

passages (third-person singular present)
passaging (present participle)
passaged (past participle)

将病原体或干细胞等物质通过宿主或媒介传递

He passaged the virus through a series of goats.

他将病毒传染给了一系列山羊。

After 24 hours, the culture was passaged to an agar plate.

24小时后，将培养物传代至琼脂平板。

開闢一條（尤指海上的）通道

They passaged to America in 1902.

他们于1902年移居美国。


passage

繼承自中古英語，源自古法語 passage，源自 passer (“通過”)。

不到一岁，但已经离开鸟巢，獨自生活

Passage red-tailed hawks are preferred by falconers because these younger birds have not yet developed the adult behaviors which would make them more difficult to train.

不到一岁的离巢红尾鹰是猎鹰者们的首选，因为这些幼鸟尚未发育出成年鸟的行为，所以训练起来不会那么困难。


pussy

女性的陰部。（17世紀－）

You have a lovely pussy!

There's a lot of disagreement about where that word came from. Pussy is actually a diminutive of pusillanimous, meaning cowardly. Although maybe the origin doesn't matter, since everyone equates it with the female anatomy anyway?

關於這個詞的來源，有很多分歧。pussy 實際上是「pusillanimous」的縮略語，意思是「懦弱」。儘管也許起源並不重要，因為無論如何每個人都把它與女性的解剖結構等同起來？

[2016，Alexandra Sirowy，The Telling (young adult fiction), Simon & Schuster，頁 6:

和女性性交 （20世紀－）

I’m gonna get me some pussy tonight.

我今晚要去找些小妞來肏。

The teachers are not there to help you. Most oft them are still freelancers and the last thing they want is more competition. They are there because they need a steady paycheck and they hope to score some pussy!

老師們不是來幫助你的。他們中的大多數人仍然是自由職業者，他們最不想看到的是更多的競爭。他們在那裡是因為他們需要一份穩定的薪水，而且能搞到一些馬子！

1991，Daniel Clowes，Art School Confidential:

懦夫，膽小鬼。（20世紀－）

You're such a pussy!

You ought to hear some of the docs that are the sweetest old pussies with their patients—the way they bawl out the nurses. But labs—they seem sort of real. I don't suppose you can bluff a bacteria—what is it?—bacterium?

你應該聽聽那些對病人最可愛的老娘們儿的說法--他們對護士吆喝的方式。但是，實驗室--它們似乎有點真實。我不認為你能唬住一個細菌─它是什麼？─細菌？

1925，Sinclair Lewis，Martin Arrowsmith (fiction), Harcourt Brace & Company:

I couldn't carry the burden of shame engendered by the bully-boy advertising of "max-strength" cold and flu remedies, the obvious subtext of which is "Get to work, you pussy."

我無法承擔「最大強度」的感冒和流感藥的霸道廣告所帶來的恥辱負擔，其明顯的潛台詞是「去工作吧，你這個娘們」。

2007年November26日，Matt Keating，“Do everyone a favour and don't bring your cold to work”, in The Guardian，存檔自the original on 2014-10-06:

Shepard: You're in a bad situation, and I'm going to get you out of here.
Jack: Shit, you sound like a pussy.

謝潑德：你的處境很糟糕，我會帶你離開這裡。
傑克：操，你聽起來像個娘們。

2010，BioWare，Mass Effect 2，Redwood City: Electronic Arts, 經由 PC, →OCLC，幕：Prison Ship Purgatory:


reckoning

reckon的動名詞，來自reckon + -ing。對照荷蘭語 rekening、德語 Rechnung。

By that reckoning, it would take six weeks to go five miles.

按此推算，走五哩路要花上六個星期。

So saying, he called for a reckoning for the wine, and throwing down the price of the additional bottle which he had himself introduced, rose as if to take leave of us.

day of reckoning


overdose

/ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/

藥劑過量，用藥過量，吸毒過量

to die of a heroin overdose


overdose

overdoses (third-person singular present)
overdosing (present participle)
overdosed (past participle)

/ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈdəʊs/

Be careful not to overdose on those pills.

She overdosed on cocaine.


pet name

My boyfriend won't let me call him by his pet name, Pookie, in public.

我的男朋友不允許我在大庭廣眾之下叫他的小名 Pookie。


register

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tə/

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tɚ/

The teacher took the register by calling out each child's name.

老師以點名的方式對每個孩子進行登記。

同類詞：lect

We rewrote certain communications templates to use a more formal register.

It seems equally clear that the ‘Complement + Prepositionʼ order illustrated in (172) (a) is likewise highly marked, and hence subject to heavy restrictions on its use. And sure enough, this does indeed seem to be the case: for one thing, forms such as thereafter, herein, whereby are stylistically highly marked (e.g. they are only used in particular registers such as legal language).

1988，Andrew Radford，章號 5, in Transformational grammar: a first course，Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press，頁 275:

While e-memos are less formal than the memos discussed [above], they still need to be professional in appearance and in register, that is, in the level of formality.

2021，Laurel Currie Oates, Anne Enquist, Jeremy Francis，章號 19, in The Legal Writing Handbook: Analysis, Research, and Writing (8th Edition)，Wolters Kluwer，頁 278:


rhetoric

繼承自中古英語 rethorik、rhetoric，來自古法語 rhetorique，來自拉丁語 rhētorica，來自古希臘語 ῥητορική (rhētorikḗ)，ῥητορικὴ τέχνη (rhētorikḕ tékhnē)的省略，來自ῥητορικός (rhētorikós，“關於公共演說”)，來自ῥήτωρ (rhḗtōr，“公共演說家”)。

It’s only so much rhetoric.


rummy

rummier (comparative)
rummiest (superlative)

a rummy flavour


rehouse

rehouses (third-person singular present)
rehousing (present participle)
rehoused (past participle)

The existing collection of paintings will be rehoused in the new gallery.

現存的藏畫將會保存到新的畫廊。


recording

The one-party consent law permits the recording of telephone calls with the consent of at least one of the parties.

單方同意法允許在至少一方的同意之下將電話內容錄音。

I made a recording of the TV show so that I could watch it later.

我把電視節目錄製了下來，這樣我可以以後再看。


prisoner

繼承自中古英語 prisoner，來自古法語 prisonier (對照中世紀拉丁語 prisōnārius)，等同於prison + -er。

被某種情況或某種環境限制或困住或感到被限制或困住的人

I am no longer a prisoner to fear, for I am a child of God.


rectal

The customs inspector subjected him to a rectal exam.

海關檢查員讓他去做直腸檢查。


populous

在英語最早出現於15世紀中葉；源自拉丁語 populosus (“人口密集的，人口众多的”)。

more populous (comparative)
most populous (superlative)

India is the most populous country in the world.

印度是世界上人口最多的國家。

Chinese is the most populous language.

The Sino-Tibetan family includes Mandarin, the most populous language in the world, spoken by more than one billion Chinese.

汉藏语系包括普通话，这是世界上使用人数最多的语言，有超过十亿中国人使用普通话。

1974，Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, Nina M. Hyams，An Introduction to Language, →ISBN，頁 524:

The Nile delta is a populous region.

尼羅河三角洲是個人口稠密的地區。

Airport departure halls are often populous places during the rush hours.

机场出发大厅在高峰时段通常非常拥挤。


restaurant

借自法語 restaurant，為restaurer的現在分詞，對應拉丁語 restaurans, restaurantis，restauro (“恢復”)的現在分詞，源自第一家餐廳提供的“使精力恢復”湯的名稱。

That Italian restaurant serves some of the best food I've ever had in my life.

那家意大利餐廳做的菜是我這輩子吃到過最好的。

By one o'clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country.

1935，George Goodchild，章號 5, in Death on the Centre Court:


blasphemous

借自拉丁語 blasphēmus (“褻瀆”)，來自古希臘語 βλάσφημος (blásphēmos，“惡言傷人”)。

more blasphemous (comparative)
most blasphemous (superlative)

His taking the name of God in vain was considered blasphemous.


blasphemy

繼承自中古英語 blasfemye，來自古法語 blasfemie，來自教會拉丁語 blasphēmia，來自古希臘語 βλασφημία (blasphēmía，“褻瀆”)，來自βλασφημέω (blasphēméō，“誹謗”)。

That imam said that drawing the prophet Muhammad is a form of blasphemy.

那名伊瑪目稱，描繪穆罕穆德的樣子是一種褻瀆。

Had God cancelled His everlasting Covenant with Israel? The mere thought was blasphemy! But what did God's silence and the present dark cloud mean?

1920，John Rougier Cohu，The Bible and Modern Thought，頁 325:

Look, I don't think it ought to be blasphemy, just saying "Jehovah".

你看，他只是說了“耶和華”而已，我不覺得他是要褻瀆。

1979，Monty Python's Life of Brian，spoken by Matthias (John Young):

Shepard: What happened to those other Alliance officers? The ones who came before me?
Major Kyle: They wanted to take me away from here! They wanted me to abandon this place. Turn my back on my family. They spoke blasphemy!
Major Kyle: I did what I could to make their end quick and painless. I had no other choice. It was necessary to protect my children. Only I can keep them safe.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：Presrop:

The fundamentalists in that religion hold that such views are blasphemy and that religion is above criticism.

2009，Francis，Business Ethics，Tata McGraw-Hill Education, →ISBN，頁 139:


remarry

remarries (third-person singular present)
remarrying (present participle)
remarried (past participle)

After his wife's death, he never remarried.

妻子去世後，他沒有續弦。

To everyone's surprise, after being divorced for ten years the couple eloped to Las Vegas and remarried.

令所有人惊讶的是，离婚十年后，这对夫妇私奔到拉斯维加斯并复婚。

This church will remarry widows or widowers, but not divorcés.

這座教堂給寡婦、鰥夫辦結婚儀式，但不為離婚的人舉行。


bureaucracy

bureau + -cracy，來自法語 bureaucratie，由雅克·克勞德·瑪麗·文森特·德古納所創的新詞，來自bureau (“官方”) + -cratie (“規則”)。

bureaucratie (alternative)
bureau-ocracy (alternative)
burocracy (alternative)
bureaucracies (plural)

/bjʊəˈɹɒkɹəsi/

/bjʊˈɹɑːkɹəsi/

At that time the administration replaced the system of patronage in the civil service with a bureaucracy.

当时，政府用官僚制取代了公务员队伍中的赞助制。

The bureaucracy is expanding to meet the needs of the expanding bureaucracy. (apocryphal quip)

官僚机构正在扩大，以满足不断扩大的官僚体制的需要。

The head of the civil service promised to clamp down on bureaucracy.

公务员系统的负责人承诺要打击官僚主义。

"If we can capture anything from this awful situation, it is that ability to trust people to do certain things for themselves and to look out for each other, and to give them the tools to do their job as well as they can without having to go through endless bureaucracy to achieve it, which very often just delays and dilutes and doesn't add much value.

2020年May20日，Andrew Haines talks to Stefanie Foster，“Repurpose rail for the 2020s”, in Rail，頁 35:


bareback

bareback riding

bareback sex


bareback

I can ride a horse bareback.

We had sex bareback.


bareback

barebacks (third-person singular present)
barebacking (present participle)
barebacked (past participle)

In this video, the big guy gets to bareback the little guy.

在这部影片里，大个子不戴套插进小个子的屁眼里。


buckaroo

源自西班牙語 vaquero (“牛仔”) 的變化形式，拼寫受到 buck (“（名詞）雄羚羊、雄鹿等；具冒險精神或意氣風發的年輕男子；（動詞）指馬等：向上跳躍並弓起背部，落地時頭部低垂、前腿僵直，後腿用力向上踢”) 的影響。vaquero 的同源對似詞。
同源詞
* 早期中世紀拉丁語 vaccārius (“牧牛人”)
* 法語 vacher
* 晚期拉丁語 baccalārius (“無地農奴；牧牛人（？）”) (墨洛溫王朝)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-buckaroo.wav

採用獨特牛仔服飾風格和傳統的人

Many cowboy poets have a buckaroo look and feel about them.

許多牛仔詩人都有一種牛仔的外貌和感覺。

頑固、魯莽的人；急躁的人

Don’t run in looking for a fight like some kind of buckaroo.

別像某種魯莽的人一樣衝進去找架打。


bating

I replied, That he was a very unworthy man, if it were true, to speak slightingly of a family, which was as good as his own, bating that it was not allied to the peerage […].

‘There is but little I have heard from you which I did not expect to hear, and which I ought not to have expected; because, bating one circumstance, it is all very true.’


buckra

借自埃菲克語 mbakara或伊比比奧語 mbakara；對照古拉語 buckra (“白人”)。

backra (alternative)
bakra (alternative)
bukra (alternative)
buckruh (alternative)

a buckra yam


bats

more bats (comparative)
most bats (superlative)

You must be bats to go out in the cold without a coat on.

在寒冷的天氣裡不穿外套，你一定是瘋了。

"Don't be so bats, Binns! Why should anyone want to pinch just one boot?"
"He might have been a chap with only one leg."

1952，Anthony Buckeridge，Jennings and Darbishire:


burnt

burned (alternative)
more burnt (comparative)
most burnt (superlative)

burnt 作 burn 的一般過去式和過去分詞用法，一般用於英國，其作為形容詞的使用更加廣泛。

The toast was too burnt to eat.


repeatedly

more repeatedly (comparative)
most repeatedly (superlative)

He repeatedly violated the court order, and shall now be punished.

他多次违反法庭命令，现在应该受到惩罚。

Scotland had the territory and the momentum, forcing England into almost twice as many tackles and rattling them repeatedly at set-pieces.

2011年October1日，Tom Fordyce，“Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport:

Since 2017, the DfT has "repeatedly altered the scope of the TRU [TransPennine Route Upgrade] to meet differing ministerial priorities and budget constraints", says the NAO [National Audit Office].

2022年August10日，Mel Holley，“Network News: Question marks over TransPennine upgrade spending”, in RAIL，期 963，頁 24:


repossess

repossesses (third-person singular present)
repossessing (present participle)
repossessed (past participle)

to repossess oneself of something lost


black-market

black-markets (third-person singular present)
black-marketing (present participle)
black-marketed (past participle)

He black-marketed as a sideline.

He made his living black-marketing goods intended only for tourists.

他靠贩卖黑市商品为生，这些商品原本是供游客购买的。


planting

Take one of the plantings over as a house-warming gift.

將其中一株植物作為喬遷之禮。


pitching

wild pitching in baseball


phobia

约1790年，来自一系列以-phobia结尾的词，来自古希臘語 φόβος (phóbos，“恐惧”)。对比ism，来自-ism，itis，来自-itis，以及ana，来自-ana。

phobias (plural)
phobiae (plural)
phobiæ (plural)

I know someone with a strange phobia of ladders.

我認識一個對梯子有奇怪恐懼症的人。


player

源自中古英語 pleyer、playere，源自古英語 pleġere (“遊戲者，玩家，運動員，摔角手”)，等於 play + -er。

參與者，參加者 參與某種性愛形式的人

He thought he could become a player, at least at the state level.

他認為自己可以參與其中，至少在州級層面。

Decision realities research recognizes the occupational tribalism identified in occupational realities research, but goes further by paying attention to all the players – patients and lay caregivers included – who participate in negotiating care.

2011，Suzanne Shale，Moral Leadership in Medicine，頁 239:

Another Bush — George W.’s brother Jeb — is likely to be a big player in the Republican Party’s future.

2012年November7日，Matt Bai，“Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times:

As the biggest rail player, Network Rail was usually held accountable for failings, but had no authority to change anything to solve the problems. The DfT had been given that authority in 2004 - but consistently ducked accountability.

2021年March10日，Nigel Harris，“It's time to get on with it!”, in RAIL，期 926，頁 3:

In this space we explored lesbian sadomasochism, met other S/M women who were serious players, had access to safe equipment and, through watching other women, learned new techniques.

1991年April22日，Wickie Stamps，“A Lesbian Looks At The GMSMA's 10ᵗʰ Anniversary Celebration”, in Gay Community News，頁 11:


OMG

這是oh my God的縮寫，儘管有時為了避免冒犯而使用委婉語來解釋。在首次出現時，這也是對聖米迦勒及聖喬治勳章（Order of St Michael and St George）的雙關語參考。

/ˌəʊ.ɛmˈd͡ʒiː/

/ˌoʊ.ɛmˈd͡ʒiː/

由於提及了上帝，OMG可能會被一些人認為具有冒犯性，儘管可以聲稱用意是委婉語，例如oh my gosh或oh my goodness，以減少冒犯。

OMG, I just won tickets to a concert! Today is the best day ever!

天哪，我刚刚赢了一张音乐会的门票！今天是我人生中最美好的一天！

…and then he said I was ugly, so I punched him in the face. — OMG, really?

……然后他说我醜，所以我就给了他的脸一拳。——天哪，真的吗？

I hear that a new order of Knighthood is on the tapis—O.M.G. (Oh! My God!)—Shower it on the Admiralty!!

1917年September9日，John A.F. Fisher，letter to Winston Churchill:

10 Bands, 50 bands, 100 bands, fuck it, man / Let's just not even discuss it, man / OMG, niggas sleep, I ain't trippin', I'ma let 'em sleep

2015，“10 Bands”, in If You’re Reading This It’s Too Late，演出者 Drake:


acquire

來自中古英語 acqueren，來自古法語 aquerre，來自拉丁語 acquirō；ad- + quaerō (“在……中搜索”)。參見quest。

acquires (third-person singular present)
acquiring (present participle)
acquired (past participle)

all the riches he acquired were from hard work.

他獲得的所有財富都來自辛勤勞動。

One should acquire as much knowledge as possible from reading.

人應該通過閱讀盡可能多地獲取知識。

to acquire a skill

to acquire decent habits and manners

Ivor had acquired more than a mile of fishing rights with the house ; he was not at all a good fisherman, but one must do something ; one generally, however, banged a ball with a squash-racket against a wall.

1922，Michael Arlen，“3/19/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:


years

It took years for the bus to come.

等了幾萬年才等到巴士到站。


rightmost

She tried the rightmost door first.

她首先嘗試了最右邊的門。

Start with the rightmost one and work towards the left.

從最右邊的那個開始，然後向左移動。


allow

自中世紀拉丁語 allocō (“分配”)，與 alouer 合併為中世紀拉丁語 allaudō，其現在主動不定式 allaudāre，至盎格魯-諾曼語 allouer、alouer，借至中古英語 allowen、alowen 而來。(透过 allaudāre) allaud 或 (透过 allocāre) allocate 的同源對似詞。
與中古英語 alyfen (源自古英語 ālīefan) 和德語 erlauben 皆源自原始日耳曼語 *uzlaubijaną (“允許”)的相似性純屬巧合。

allows (third-person singular present)
allowing (present participle)
allowed (past participle)

to allow a servant his liberty; to allow a free passage; to allow one day for rest

讓傭人獲得自由；開放免費通行；預留一天時間休息

[…] he needed a great deal of money, but his uncle only allowed him two thousand roubles a year, which was not enough, and for days together he would run about Moscow with his tongue out, as the saying is.

[…] 他需要一大筆錢，但他的叔叔一年只給他兩千盧布，並不夠，一連幾天，他都在莫斯科四處奔波，就像俗話說的：累得伸舌頭。

2004年 [1895年]，康斯坦斯加內特 (譯者)，“Ariadne”, in The Darling: and Other Stories，根據安東·契訶夫原著改編的翻譯作品:

I will allow my son to be absent.

With fresh material, taxonomic conclusions are leavened by recognition that the material examined reflects the site it occupied; a herbarium packet gives one only a small fraction of the data desirable for sound conclusions. Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get[…]

有了新鮮材料，分類學結論得以因認識到所檢驗的材料反映其所佔據的地點而更為完善；標本館包裹僅提供了作出合理結論時所需資料的一小部分。標本館的材料確實無法讓人們安全地進行推測：所見即所得 […]

1992年，魯道夫馬蒂亞斯舒斯特，The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian，卷 V, 伊州芝加哥: 菲爾德自然史博物館, →ISBN，頁 vii:

Although I don't consent to their holding such meetings, I will allow them for the time being.

雖然我不贊同他們舉辦這樣的會議，但我暫時會允許他們進行。

Smoking allowed only in designated areas.

僅在指定區域內允許吸菸。

The use of algorithms in policing is one example of their increasing influence on our lives. And, as their ubiquity spreads, so too does the debate around whether we should allow ourselves to become so reliant on them – and who, if anyone, is policing their use.

演算法在執法中的應用就是其對我們生活影響日益增長的一個例子。隨著它們的普及，關於我們是否應該容許自己如此依賴它們——以及是否有人在監督它們的使用——的辯論也在擴大。

2013年July26日，里歐希克曼，“How algorithms rule the world”, in 衛報周刊，卷 189, 期 7，頁 26:

to allow a right; to allow a claim; to allow an appeal

承認權利；同意主張；接受申請

You must allow that disagreeing about politics puts a strain on a relationship.

你必須承認政治上的分歧會給關係帶來壓力。

Mr. Knightley, I shall not allow you to be a fair judge in this case.

奈特利先生，我不會讓你在這起案件中擔任公正的法官。

1815年，珍·奧斯丁，章號 5, in 愛瑪，卷 1:

I allow, with Mrs. Grundy and most moralists, that Miss Newcome's conduct[…]was highly reprehensible.

我同意，與格倫迪夫人及大多數道德家一樣，紐康小姐的行為 […] 是極其應受譴責的。

Half the night passed before the wench allowed that it might be safe to stop.

過了半夜，那丫頭才認為停下來可能是安全的。

2000年，喬治瑞蒙李察馬丁，劍刃風暴，Bantam, 出版於 2011年，頁 154:

准許 (扣除或增加某物，尤其是減免或扣除)

to allow a sum for leakage

核准一筆金額作為損耗扣除

When calculating a budget for a construction project, always allow for contingencies.

在計算建築專案的預算時，務必預留應急費用。

to allow an objection

to allow an appeal


diprotic

形容在溶液中，（某個酸的）每個分子最多能提供兩個氫離子（H⁺，又稱質子）

diprotic acid


noob

newb (alternative)
nub (alternative)
noobs (plural)
nabb (alternative)
nub (alternative)

Noobs are annoying, they never know the forum rules.

新來的人真是煩得要死，永遠不懂得遵守論壇的規矩。


skunk

來自一個未被證實的新英格蘭南部阿爾岡昆語單詞，與阿貝納基語 segôgw, segonku (“噴霧（麝香）/ 尿尿的人”)同源，來自原始阿爾岡昆語 *šeka·kwa，來自*šek- (“尿尿”)。

skunks (third-person singular present)
skunking (present participle)
skunked (past participle)

大勝而使對方無法得分；零封

I skunked him at cards.

We fished all day but the lake skunked us.

我們釣了一整天的魚，但一無所獲。


serpiginous

拉丁語 serpigio (“匍匐蔓延的皮膚病”)。

Leprosy is a serpiginous disease.

麻风是一种具有匍行性疾病。


so what

I lost my old red shoes. – So what? Get a new pair.

我那雙舊的紅鞋子弄丟了。——那又如何？買雙新的就是了。


and/or

和/或。“A and/or B”表示“A，或B，或A和B”。

List three personal and/or business references.

列出三個個人和/或業務參考。


trial and error

Navigating by trial and error may get you there eventually, but using a map is faster.

通过反复试验可能最终会到达目的地，但使用地图会更快。

Trial and error was a big part of the process: "We need to fail down here so we don't fail up there," [Neil] Armstrong insists, though even some of the mistakes and malfunctions at ground level cause devastating casualties.

2018年October9日，A. A. Dowd，“The Star and Director of La La Land Reunite for First Man’s Spectacular Trip to the Moon”, in The A.V. Club，存檔自the original on 2020-06-16:


assume

源自拉丁語 assūmō (“接受”)，构自 ad- （“向”） + sūmō （“担任”）。

assumes (third-person singular present)
assuming (present participle)
assumed (past participle)

假定；猜測；用想法來證定某件事是真實的或是有效的

We assume that, as her parents were dentists, she knows quite a bit about dentistry.

我們推測，由於她的父母都是牙醫，所以她對牙科也相當瞭解。

Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet. Perhaps we assume that our name, address and search preferences will be viewed by some unseen pair of corporate eyes, probably not human, and don't mind that much.

我們曾經把情書裝在密封的信封裡，或是把孩子的照片貼在家庭相簿裡，但現在這些隱私資料都被傳送到伺服器和雲端，而這些伺服器和雲端是由我們不認識、也永遠不會見面的人所操作的。 也許我們假設自己的姓名、地址和搜尋偏好會被一雙看不見的企業眼睛（可能不是人類的眼睛）看見，因此並不太介意。

2013年June14日，Jonathan Freedland，“Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 1，頁 18:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:assume。

擔任；擔任某個職任或是承擔某項義務

Mr. Jones will assume the position of a lifeguard until a proper replacement is found.

Jones 先生將擔任救生員一職，直到找到合適的替代人員。

His unruly hair was slicked down with water, and as Jessamy introduced him to Miss Brindle his face assumed a cherubic innocence which would immediately have aroused the suspicions of anyone who knew him.

1967，Barbara Sleigh，Jessamy，Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, 出版於 1993, →ISBN，頁 96:

So while Ralph generally seems to inhabit a different, more glorious and joyful universe than everyone else here his yearning and heartbreak are eminently relateable. Ralph sometimes appears to be a magically demented sprite who has assumed the form of a boy, but he’s never been more poignantly, nakedly, movingly human than he is here.

因此，儘管拉爾夫總體上看來居住在一個與其他人不同的、更光榮和更快樂的宇宙中，但他的渴望和心碎卻非常容易引起共鳴。 有時候，拉爾夫看起來就像一個變身為男孩的魔怔小鬼，但他從來沒有像在這裡一樣，更淒美、更赤裸、更感人。

2012年August5日，Nathan Rabin，“TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, in (請指定書籍名或刊物名):

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:assume。

He assumed an air of indifference.

他裝出一副無動於衷的樣子。

ambition assuming the mask of religion.

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:assume。


Web

Some of that content is now only available on the Web.

有些內容現在只能在網上查看。

Web page

Content on the Web is divided into individual computer files called pages.

網上的內容被劃分為單獨的計算機文檔，稱為頁面。

2008，Timothy D. Green，Abbie Brown，LeAnne Robinson，Making the Most of the Web in Your Classroom，Corwin Press, →ISBN，頁 31:


wild card

wildcard (alternative)
wild-card (alternative)
wild cards (plural)

外卡：沒有達到正常標準，但仍被允許參加錦標賽的參賽者或團隊。

Kye Sun-Hui won an Olympic gold medal in Judo, despite being a wild card.

儘管以外卡參賽，桂順姬仍然獲得了奧運會柔道金牌。


backward compatible

backward-compatible (alternative)
backwards compatible (alternative)
backwards-compatible (alternative)
backward compatible (comparative)
backward compatible (superlative)

The new editor is backward compatible with all versions later than 1.17.

新版編輯器可向下兼容1.17以後的版本。


in control

The General said that his troops were now in control of the situation.

將軍說他的部隊已經控制住了局勢。

It was a bitter blow to England's players, who sank to their knees in disappointment, after fighting so hard but a draw does not cause too much damage and they still remain in control of their own destiny.

2021年September8日，Phil McNulty，“Poland 1-1 England”, in BBC Sport:


independent variable

同類詞：dependent variable

In the equation z = x² + y, x and y are the independent variables.

設方程 z = x² + y，則 x 和 y 為獨立變數。


bioavailability

生物利用度 食物與營養補充品中所含營養素的吸收程度

poor/low oral bioavailability


Fibonacci

斐波那契/費布納西：源自意大利語的姓氏

The Italian mathematician Leonardo Bonacci, who was called Fibonacci, introduced the Hindu-Arabic numeral system to Europe.

意大利數學家列奧納多·波那契，又稱斐波那契，將印度-阿拉伯數字系統傳入了歐洲。


annealing

Without annealing, the quality of our metal products will diminish.

如果不进行退火，我们的金属产品质量就会下降。


check digit

The last digit of the barcode is a check digit, calculated from the others.

条形码的最后一位数字是校验码，是根据其他数字计算出来的。


color temperature

The typical color temperature of a standard incandescent lamp is about 2400 K.

标准白炽灯的典型色温约为2400K。


local area network

/ˈləʊklˌɛːrɪəˌnɛtwəːk/

A Local Area Network connects all of the computers in our office.

局域網連接我們辦公室的所有電腦。


scrotum

非同化借詞，源自拉丁語 scrōtum。

The female labia majora are homologous to the male scrotum.

女性大陰唇與男性陰囊同源。


human nature

How much innate human nature do you think the human races have left?

The most rapid and most seductive transition in all human nature is that which attends the palliation of a ravenous appetite. There is something humiliating about it.[…]Can those harmless but refined fellow-diners be the selfish cads whose gluttony and personal appearance so raised your contemptuous wrath on your arrival?

1922，Ben Travers，章號 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest:


collect call

這種用法可以說是過時了，因為雖然技術上來說選項仍然存在，但它的使用現在已經不常見了，而它曾經是常見的（約1920年代到1990年代）。

Hello, operator — I'd like to make a collect call.

你好，接線員——我想打一個對方付費電話。


stability

This platform offers good stability.

Globalization has re-ordered the global economy in ways that are destructive to civic stability, as decentralized, localized producers cannot compete with globalized, commoditized crops, capital, labor and goods.

2025年February13日，Charles Hugh Smith，The Not-So-Strange Paradox of American Power and Dysfunction:


telephone conference

The four of us should hold a telephone conference next week.

我們四個人應該下星期開一次電話會議。


building block

Words are the building blocks of a language.

Cells are the building blocks of life.


alloyed

more alloyed (comparative)
most alloyed (superlative)

Their pleasure was alloyed with misfortune.

他們的快樂與不幸交織在一起。


decimal number

13+¹⁄₄ is 13.25 as a decimal number.

13+¹⁄₄是13.25的十進制數。


number theory

Factorization has driven many great discoveries in number theory.

因式分解推動了數論中的許多重大發現。