bourdonnée

末端有像朝圣者手杖上的圆形凸起的

A shield of arms : bendy of six, over all a cross bourdonnée fitchée.

1898，British Museum. Department of Manuscripts, Walter de Gray Birch，Catalogue of Seals in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum，頁 185:

Crest - Upon a crest coronet or, charged with a cross bourdonnée azure, a pelican argent, holding in the bill a nail or. Motto - "Sine labe nota." Residence - Henley House, Avenue Road, Regent's Park, N.W. PILKINGTON[…]

1910，Arthur Charles Fox-Davies，Armorial Families: A Directory of Gentlemen of Coat-armour，頁 1282:


personal pronoun

Mondays come with questions of couples
Where and with whom did you go?
Avoiding the personal pronoun
She hopes it doesn't show
Shopping with her lover in the city
Two women holding hands don't get a stare
If the kids at school knew what they do
Would they hate her? Why should they care?

1983，Fred Small （作曲作詞）, “Annie”, in The Heart of the Appaloosa:


comforting

Intrenched within the citadel of our apartment, and cheered by the comfortings of a coal fire, we passed the day in letter-writing, conversation, or gazing from the sheltered security of our windows upon the agitated sea[…]

1836，Alexander Slidell Mackenzie，The American in England，頁 269:


nylons

She sheathed her legs in the sheerest of the nylons that her father had brought back from the Continent, and slipped her feet into the toeless, high-heeled shoes of black suède.

1954，Alexander Alderson，章號 17, in The Subtle Minotaur:


civil disobedience

We now had no alternative but to resort to civil disobedience, and we embarked in earnest on preparations for mass action.

1994，Nelson Mandela，Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela，London: Abacus, 出版於 2010，頁 146:


concassé

借自法語 concassé (“碾碎的，搗碎的”)。

Spoon the concassé over the arugula, leaving a bit of green showing around the edge. Set aside.

1999，The Gardeners' Community Cookbook，Workman Publishing, →ISBN，頁 74:

This is a great make - ahead dessert because both the crème caramel and the concassé (a coarsely chopped mixture) need to chill for at least four hours. Basil adds an interesting, fresh flavor to the concassé.

2006，Anne C. Chappell，The All-New Complete Cooking Light Cookboook: The Ultimate Guide from America's #1 Food Magazine，頁 168:

[…] Leave the oven on. Meanwhile, make the concassé. Put the tomatoes, garlic, bouquet garni, salt, and pepper in a saucepan. Cover and cook […]

2007，Anne Willan，The Country Cooking of France，Chronicle Books, →ISBN，頁 260:

This is another showstopper, a real “come-over-to-my-place” breakfast or brunch, which means you can follow your fast without anyone else knowing about it. Make plenty of the concassé—you can double or even triple the recipe—and use it […]

2013，Mimi Spencer, Sarah Schenker, Michael Mosley，The FastDiet Cookbook: 150 Delicious, Calorie-Controlled Meals to Make Your Fasting Days Easy，Simon and Schuster, →ISBN，頁 35:


concasse

concassé的另一種寫法

[…] with truffled Madeira sauce, haricots verts and fresh tomato concasses, and chocolate raspberry shortcake. The a la carte menu offered the rest of the week features light and informal foods. Guests eat on the garden terrace […]

1994，Christina Tree，Best Places to Stay in New England，頁 299:

Now the new executive chef, Tsvika (Vik) Silberberg, has swung far the other way with a menu full of trendy ingredients: fingerling potatoes, day-boat scallops, root vegetables, jasmine rice. There are reductions and concasses and infused oils.

2001 February，Cincinnati Magazine，頁 132:


museau

借自法語 museau。muzzle 的同源對似詞。

He was the baby of the family, a young man of 二十two, with a fresh, jaunty museau.

1922，DH Lawrence, ‘The Horse-dealer's Daughter’，England, My England:

I was dark with a round museau of a face and thick lips and a pug nose and high cheekbones and deep-set brown eyes and a bush of black hair.

1974，GB Edwards，The Book of Ebenezer Le Page，New York, 出版於 2007，頁 33:


仿譯自拉丁語 plus valet in manibus avis unica quam dupla silvis (“一鳥在手勝過二鳥在林”)，可能源自古代中東（西元前6世紀）。西元前5世紀，以帝國亞拉姆語寫成的《阿希卡爾的故事》中就有「手中一隻麻雀勝過千隻飛翔的麻雀」的說法。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.ogg

一鳥在手勝於十鳥在林；確定的事情比單純獲得更多事情的機會更可取 （15世紀）

It is more sykyr a bryd in youre fyste
Than to have thre in the sky above
And more profitabyl to youre behove.

15th c., John Capgrave, Life of St Katherine, Bodleian MS Rawlinson poet. 118, Bk. II:

May. No, but the Sides are going to be changed ; and Sir Harry is to be ſome very great Man ; and as ſoon as he is, I am to be made an Embaſſador of.
 Mrs. May. Made an Aſs of! Will you never learn of me, that a Bird in the Hand is worth two in the Buſh ?

1737, Henry Fielding, Pasquin, Act II, Scene I, p. 27:

[An] acquaintance ... proposed to pay a ... proportion of the cost of the cellar provided he should have as his own everything of value that might be found [excavating]. A bird in the hand, thought Bardolph, is worth two in the bush, so he ... accepted the proposal.

1864，William W. Story，“The Campagna”, in Roba Di Roma，卷 II，頁 8:


fearmongering

alarmism

散播不必要的恐懼的行為；誇大所謂的威脅以煽動恐懼

scaremongering

散播不必要的恐懼的行為；誇大所謂的威脅以煽動恐懼

散播不必要的恐懼的行為；誇大所謂的威脅以煽動恐懼

Recent polling shows it’s the second most important issue among Americans. But a big reason for that is the relentless, bad-faith fearmongering around the issue by the Republican party themselves, perhaps best summed up by the startling growth this year of the toxic phrase 'migrant crime'.

2024，約翰·奧利佛，上周今夜秀，季数 11, 集数 17:


libant

借自拉丁語 lībāns，lībō (“品嘗；觸摸”) 的現在分詞。

more libant (comparative)
most libant (superlative)

What delicate odours are blown abroad, caught by the libant wind / From the springing wheat on yonder slope, from the alden grove behind!

1901 May，Eleanor Booth Simmons，“In May”, in The Bookman，卷 13, 期 3, New York: Dodd, Mead & Company，頁 252:

The libant libellula darts to the bush / Where safe it sippeth from the laurel’s chaste

1901，[Louis Eilshemius]，“Love: Sweet Recollections”, in Poetical Works of Louis M. Elshemus，First series, New York: The Abbey Press Publishers，頁 264:


Su

女性人名 Susan 的指小詞

"I am sure nobody would mind," said Susan; "it isn't as if we wanted to take them out of the house; we shan't take them even out of the wardrobe." "I never thought of that, Su," said Peter.

1950，C. S. Lewis，The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe，Fontana Lions, 出版於 1980, →ISBN，頁 54:


groupuscule

小的政治團體或派別，特别是極端主義派别

Thus, by the time that I enrolled as an “undergraduate” at Balliol College, Oxford, I was already a militant “student” member of the International Socialist groupuscule, as such factions were to become known after the momentously imminent events in France.

2010，Christopher Hitchens，Hitch-22，Atlantic, 出版於 2011，頁 87:


gas giant

源自 gas + giant、由美國的科幻小說作家James Blish造出，此詞最早出現在1952年，源於1941年短篇小說《Solar Plexus》的重寫版本。

A quick glance over the boards revealed that there was a magnetic field of some strength near by, one that didn't belong to the invisible gas giant revolving half a million miles away.

1954，James Blish，“Solar Plexus”, in Beyond Human Ken，Random House，頁 106:

Altanorch is a small but typical hydrogen-helium gas giant with no outstanding features. Its combination of strong magnetic field and relatively shallow gravity well make it a popular "stopover" world for discharging FTL drive cores.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：Altanorch:

In the past two years, NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope has located nearly 3,000 exoplanet candidates ranging from sub-Earth-sized minions to gas giants that dwarf our own Jupiter.

2013 May-June，Kevin Heng，“Why Does Nature Form Exoplanets Easily?”, in American Scientist，卷 101, 期 3，頁 184:


two week millionaire

Now once more this is not always the case and you will have heard speak of the two week millionaire? This can be a term given to a person that goes on holiday after saving every cent for the other 50 weeks and reveals off by spending a small fortune whereas he is away.

2020年May10日，Bill Church，“The Thai Woman Diaries”, in Herald-Tribune:


accompanable

more accompanable (comparative)
most accompanable (superlative)

As for the houses of the country (for many other houses came vnder their eye) they were all scattered, no two being one by th’ other, & yet not so far off as that it barred mutuall succor: a shew, as it were, of an accompanable solitarines, & of a ciuil wildnes.

c. 1580，Philip Sidney，“The First Booke”, in The Covntesse of Pembrokes Arcadia […] [The New Arcadia]，第3rd版, London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, 出版於 1598, →OCLC，頁 6:


peewah

巴西巴伊亞的桃椰子樹，在千里達和多巴哥被稱為 peewah（詞義1）。
在千里達和多巴哥，桃棕櫚的果實也被稱為 peewah（詞義2）。
借自特立尼達克里奧爾英語 peewa、peewah，源自拉丁美洲西班牙語 pijguao，可能源自克丘亞語 [具體何詞?]。此英語詞和西班牙語 pifá、pivá (巴拿馬)、pijuayo (秘魯) 同源。

pupunha

桃椰子樹（Bactris gasipaes），一種產於南美的棕櫚科植物

桃椰子樹（Bactris gasipaes），一種產於南美的棕櫚科植物

The Pewa or Peach palm (Guilielma speciosa) was introduced from Trinidad, and seedlings raised for distribution. The fruits when boiled in water with salt are appreciated as a food.

1910，Department of Agriculture, Legislative Council, Trinidad and Tobago，[Council Paper]，Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago: Government Printer, →OCLC，頁 16:

This Guilielma [the peach palm or pejibaye (Guilielma gasipaes)] is prized in Trinidad, as well as elsewhere, for its edible fruits; by the natives I have heard it called piliwa and piwa.

[1947年December27日，L[iberty] H[yde] Bailey，Indigenous Palms of Trinidad and Tobago (Gentes Herbarum: Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants)，卷 VII, fascicle IV, Ithaca, N.Y.: Bailey Hortorium of The New York State College of Agriculture, Cornell University, →OCLC，頁 353:

Nonconventional sources with development potential include: [...] wild plants such as gru gru, pewa (peach nut), many weeds and, possibly, the seeds of seaside grapes, fat pork, etc.

1984，Jeffrey W. Dellimore, Judy A. Whitehead，Secondary Agrobased Industries: ECCM and Barbados (Caribbean Technology Policy Studies Project; 90)，Mona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, →OCLC，頁 79:

Nicolasa had boiled a couple dozen peewahs. They were of a floury consistency. I cracked open the nuts and chewed them slowly, squeezing out the juice against my palate.

1994，Sylvia Moodie-Kablalsingh，The Cocoa Panyols of Trinidad: An Oral Record，London, New York, N.Y.: British Academic Press, →ISBN，頁 42:

I start to remember Julie mango, how it sweet, and chataigne and peewah that me mother would boil up in a big pot a' salt water, and how my father always had he little kitchen garden, growin' dasheen leaf and pigeon peas and yam and thing.

1996，Nalo Hopkinson，“A Habit of Waste”, in Fireweed，Toronto, Ont.: Fireweed Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 40，列 2; republished in Concert of Voices: An Anthology of World Writing in English，第2nd版, Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview Press, 2009, →ISBN，頁 186:

Mr. [Bertram] Manhin's travels resulted in his introducing into the country fruits like Pewa (Bactris gasipaes) from Costa Rica, Brazil and Peru; [...]

2000 November，Karl Burgess，“La Vega Estate”, in Proceedings: Regional Agro-tourism Conference: Agro-tourism – a Sustainable Approach to Economic Growth […]，Trinidad and Tobago: Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture, →OCLC，頁 79:

Every Saturday, I make it my mission to buy something new: [...] peewah, which look like cute, golf-ball-sized coconuts (they're the fruit of a different palm tree) and are a popular Trini snack. Boiled in well-salted water, peeled and popped into our mouths, they remind us of roasted chestnuts.

2009，Ann Vanderhoof，“Curry Tabanca: Trinidad”, in The Spice Necklace: A Food-lover’s Caribbean Adventure，Toronto, Ont.: Doubleday Canada, →ISBN，頁 190:

The fruit of the land would also be sold from wooden trays—peewah, topi tambo, pois doux and other natural treats.

2013年April6日，Angelo Bissessarsingh，“The marchandes of Port-of-Spain”, in Trinidad and Tobago Guardian，Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago: Trinidad Pub. Co., →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2020-07-09:


strich

The lether-winged Bat, dayes enimy, / The ruefull Strich, still waiting on the bere, / The Whistler shrill, that who so heares, doth dy […]

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book II, Canto XII”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


streel

源自愛爾蘭語 straoille (“不整潔的人”)。

Cissy came up along the strand with the two twins and their ball with her hat anyhow on her to one side after her run and she did look a streel tugging the two kids along with the flimsy blouse she bought only a fortnight before like a rag on her back and bit of her petticoat hanging like a caricature.


streel

streels (third-person singular present)
streeling (present participle)
streeled (past participle)

a yellow satin train that streeled after her like the tail of a comet

1847 January – 1848 July，William Makepeace Thackeray，Vanity Fair. A Novel without a Hero，London: Bradbury and Evans, […], 出版於 1848, →OCLC:


abnegator

借自晚期拉丁語 abnegator，源自 abnegatus。等價於 abnegate + -or。

否認者，拒絕者 （自17世紀初）

On the other side, representing a serpentine generation wholy, made of fraud, policies, and practises, men lovers of the world, and haters of truth and godlinesse, fighters against the light, protectors of darkenesse, persecuters of marriage, and patrons of brothelles, abnegators and dispencers against the lawes of God […]

1605，Edwin Sandys，A Relation of the State of Religion，London: Simon Waterson:

The Catholic is theoretically a Collectivist, a self-abnegator, a Tory, a Conservative, a supporter of Church and State one and undivisible, an obeyer.

1914，George Bernard Shaw，“Preface for Politicians”, in John Bull’s Other Island，London: Constable，頁 xix:


birdwatching

/ˈbɜː(ɹ)dˌwɒtʃ.ɪŋ/

girlwatching

觀察年輕美女（作為一種愛好）

In fact, on this night, the birdwatching is over for everyone, for the firing is cancelled. Nobody notifies birdwatchers officially, of course, so the exodus is scattered and gradual.

觀察年輕美女（作為一種愛好）

By the spring of 1968, they were the secular-singing O'Kaysion, and they had recorded a leering lyric about ogling babes for the peewee Northstate label. Local DJs, appreciating that bird-watching was a popular pastime for their listeners, rode the number as if it had a satin saddle.

1990，Wayne Jancik，The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders, →ISBN，頁 225:


mountainbike

Lacondeguy and Czech rider Tomas Zejda will take on New Zealand's Kelly McGarry and reigning champion Conor Macfarlane in a battle for the mountainbike crown.

2013年January25日，“Farm Jam tipped to be bigger than ever”, in Stuff:


emmer

最早見於1908年；借自德語 Emmer，源自中古高地德語 emeri，源自古高地德語 amari，派生自 amar(o)，而該詞又派生出了德語中已棄用的同義詞 Amelkorn (“斯佩耳特小麥”)。更久遠的詞源則未知。

同類詞：spelt、einkorn wheat

Emmer Wheat or Farro Emmer wheat, T. turgidum dicoccum, was probably the second wheat to be cultivated. It grew in warmer climates than einkorn, and became the most important cultivated form from the Near East through northern Africa and Europe until early Roman times, when it was superseded by durum and bread wheats. But pockets of emmer cultivation survived in parts of Europe, and emmer is now widely available under its Italian name, farro.

2004，Harold McGee，章號 9, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen，Scribner, →ISBN:


fustigator

There is, however, at any time much more to be advanced in favour of the operations of the Royal Academy of Arts than clumsy fustigators like Mr. George Moore imagine.

1903，Byron Webber，James Orrock, R. I., Painter, Connoisseur, Collector:


funerate

源自拉丁語 fūnerātus, fūnerō (“安葬”) 的過去分詞，源自 fūnus, fūneris (“喪葬，葬禮”)。參見 funeral。

funerates (third-person singular present)
funerating (present participle)
funerated (past participle)

my desideratum is , to be debonnairly funerated in a feateous requietory

July 4 1844，Samuel Klinefelter Hoshour，letter to Lorenzo Altisonant:


galeate

源自拉丁語 galeatus, galeare (“以頭盔覆蓋”) 的過去分詞。

[…]it has been transformed, except in a few taxa where lobules are always explanate, into a galeate water-sac, which is formed wholly from the lobule, with the external surface from the adaxial leaf surface.

1992年，魯道夫馬蒂亞斯舒斯特，The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian，卷 V, 伊州芝加哥: 菲爾德自然史博物館, →ISBN，頁 4:


geminous

geminous teeth

And this the practice of Christians hath acknowledged, who have baptized these geminous births.

1672, Sir Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica (6th edition, book 3, chapter 15)

The reader will also observe that in the example just cited 'justice' is rendered by 'equality and justice;' on the same page he will find carelessness and inadvertency' where the original has only neglect; and so he will find throughout the book such geminous and even tergeminous renderings to the number of at least two hundred.

1861 March，“Critical Notices of Works on India and the East”, in Calcutta Review，卷 36，頁 v:


propelling

And, in proportion as one feels this power (love born of God) he feels the urgings, promptings, and propellings, to contend for and win Christ: […]

1901，Rebecca Anna Phillips，Led by a Way I Knew Not:


suffuse

源自拉丁語 suffundō。

suffuses (third-person singular present)
suffusing (present participle)
suffused (past participle)

像液體一樣擴散、遍佈、洋溢、充斥

The warmth suffused his cold fingers.

温暖传到了他冰冷的手指上。

Marie's face was suffused with a sleepy, appreciative look.

1983，Robert Ferro，The Family of Max Desir，頁 87:

His newest work, The Beach Bum, shares a gauzy neon aesthetic and Florida setting with Spring Breakers, and it’s marked by the usual plethora of drug use, free love, and pirate’s-life-for-me lawlessness that suffuses every Korine movie.

2019年March28日，David Sims，“A Portrait of the Artist as a Perpetually Stoned Beach Bum”, in The Atlantic:


suffuse

源自拉丁語 suffundō。

more suffuse (comparative)
most suffuse (superlative)

This limonite-colored mud is most often very suffuse and only faintly apparent.

1912，New York State Museum，Annual Report，頁 243:

Most of us mortals choose a very suffuse, dim light to have in our room, others push the switch to the maximum.

2014，Rita Petrini，Through the Curtain of Time and Space, →ISBN:


gubernator

* 源自拉丁語 gubernātor (“統治者，治理者”)，源自 gubernō (“統治，治理”) + -tor，因此是 governor 的同源對似詞。
* 或gubernatorial 的逆構詞，源自同一拉丁語詞。

The Egyptians, when they introduce God under the Symbolic Image of one that governes a Ship, thereby signifie his Domination and Empire as Gubernator of the Universe. For as a Gubernator of a Ship […]

1677，Theophilus Gale，The Court of the Gentiles，頁 469:

Marcus Minutius Mude, a soldier of the sixth legion victorious, in performance of a vow, dedicated the altar to the African, Italian, Gallican (Goddesses, the) Mothers, to the Gubernator of the Sixth Legion. The writer confessed there was some inconsistency in the dedications to the Matres, &c., and to the Gubernator; […]

1863，John McCaul，Britanno-Roman Inscriptions: With Critical Notes，頁 222:

2003 September，“Stanford poll: Terminator in lead to become gubernator”, in Silicon Valley Business Journal, title:

So, why don't we send the gubernator back to Austria,[…]and sponsor a collective effort to repeal the Loud Pipes Law and that ludicrous Healthcare Abomination.

2010年September30日，Hagar，“California's Gubernator caves ...”, in alt.alien.visitors (Usenet):

So what test did Gubernator Perry pass to became such a brain dead dipshit?

2013年May24日，ChasNemo，“Texas Sheriff Exam ...”, in alt.alien.visitors (Usenet):


grasser

This grasser had to be pushing 45-50 lb.

2003年June30日，David Lee，“Flathead Frenzy”, in alt.fishing.catfish (Usenet):

Obviously if you see a grasser eat something–a bee, wasp, or mayfly–go that way fast!

2021，Drew Ross，“Pro Tips: How to Catch Grass Carp on the Fly”, in Orvis.com，存檔自the original on 2021-06-14:


big brother

相比較的事物中較大的一個

While the little MTU Vee-12s in the Class 800 bi-mode generating units have lower overall emissions than their big brothers in the Class 43 IC125 power cars, in the case of CO₂, when you burn a litre of diesel fuel you get 2.8kg of CO₂. [a possible error in the original text]

2019 October，Roger Ford，“WCP award - victory for DfT reactionaries”, in Modern Railways，頁 32:


aver

繼承自中古英語 averren，源自古法語 averer，源自早期中世紀拉丁語 advērō，派生自拉丁語 vērus (“真的”)。對照現代法語 avérer。

avers (third-person singular present)
averring (present participle)
avering (present participle)
averred (past participle)
avered (past participle)

A rare thing to ſee a yong man or woman, that liues idlely, and fares well, of what condition ſoeuer, not to bee in loue. Vbicumqꝫ ſecuritas, ibi libido dominatur, luſt & ſecurity domineere together, as Sᵗ Hierome auerreth.

1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，“Causes of Heroicall Loue, Temperature, Full Diet, Idlenesse, Place, Climat, &c.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 3, section 2, member 2, subsection 1，頁 209:

Now as to the Scriptures being the Word of God, and evidently known to be ſo, or evidencing themſelves to be ſo, and that of right, and properly they are to be ſo called; all which thou J. O. very abſolutely averreſt, […]

1660，Samuel Fisher，“[Rusticus ad Academicos in Exercitationibus Expostulatoriis, Apologeticis Quatuor. The Rustick’s Alarm to the Rabbies: Or, The Country Correcting the University and Clergy, and (Not without Good Cause) Contesting for the Truth, against the Nursing Mothers and Their Children. In Four Apologetical and Expostulatory Exercitations; …] The Third Apologetical, and Expostulatory Exercitation”, in The Testimony of Truth Exalted, […]，[London?]: [s.n.], 出版於 1679, →OCLC, chapter I，頁 411:

[T]he partial Infidel […] averreth the Sleep or Inſenſibility of the Soul both in good and bad perſons，源自the time of their Deceaſe hence until their Reſurrection; […]

1701，Lawrence Smith，“[First Discourse on 2 Timothy 1:10]”, in The Evidence of Things Not Seen: Or, The Immortality of the Human Soul, and the Separate Condition thereof in the Other World, Asserted and Made Manifest: […]，London: […] Thomas Speed, […], →OCLC，頁 1:

As Coroner, I must aver, I thoroughly examined her. / And she's not only merely dead, she's really most sincerely dead.

1939年August25日，“Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead”, in Yip Harburg 作詞, Harold Arlen 作曲, The Wizard of Oz (soundtrack), Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer:

Horticulturalist Richard Lighty has a form [of Trillium grandiflorum] that he avers to open almost a cerise-red.

1997，Frederick W. Case, Jr., Roberta B. Case，“The North American Trilliums”, in Trilliums，Portland, Or.: Timber Press, →ISBN，頁 109:

In the meantime, on 5 June 2000, the applicant had brought a civil action against the Prosecutor's Office. He alleged that the termination of his contract had been unlawful and sought reinstatement and compensation for loss of salary. He averred, inter alia, that the climate in the Supreme Cassation Prosecutor's Office had deteriorated as a result of the actions of the Chief Prosecutor.

2007年July26日，European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section)，Peev v. Bulgaria (Application no. 64209/01)，Strasbourg, paragraph 19:

[W]hen Yara tells him he picked the losing side, he avers that he might just as soon head back to the Iron Islands—"But first, I'm gonna fuck the queen" [...]

2019年April14日，Alex McLevy，“Winter is Here on Game of Thrones’ Final Season Premiere (Newbies)”, in The A.V. Club，存檔自the original on 2020-12-18:

承認、證明或證實（某事物）的存在或发生，或提出这样做

[A]lthough thou averrest this, and averrest it truly, we are nevertheless constrained to plead guilty to the possession of so much of this sensibility [a refusal to hear details] (call it "sickly" if thou wilt) as that they case once proved, our feeling of duty refuses to sustain us any longer against that combined and overwhelming influence of shattered nerves and a sickened heart.

1841 December，R[ichard] R[obert] Madden，“Address on Slavery in Cuba, Presented to the General Anti-slavery Convention”, in The Churchman’s Monthly Review，London: R. B. Seeley and W. Burnside; and sold by L. and G. Seeley, […], →OCLC，頁 705:


siheyuan

源自官話 四合院 (sìhéyuàn)的漢語拼音轉寫。

Traditional ssu ho yuan, the former homes of courtiers, both mission dwellings consisted of clusters of single-storied, gray-tiled pavilions built around shady courtyards adorned with rock gardens, lotus pools, and ancient fruit trees.

[1988，Anthony Grey，Peking: A Novel of China's Revolution, 1921-1978，Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 54:


abacinate

源自晚期拉丁語 abacinātus, abacinō 的完成時被動分詞；可能由 ab (“離，出”) + bacīnum (“盆”) 或 bacīnus 組成。可能與現代意大利語 abbacinare (“使目眩，使眼花”) 同源。

abacinates (third-person singular present)
abacinating (present participle)
abacinated (past participle)

用燒紅的金屬棒或金屬板使人失明

"You young scapegrace," said Dandolo, "I will myself abacinate you — in the Venetian way." "How's that?" "Blind your eyes with the glare, not of hot irons, but of new ducats. Count your pile."

Their straining eyes abacinated by the cup of terror, their throats stopped, their powers dead within them, they hung breathless, motionless.

1945，Robert Hardy Andrews，Burning Gold，頁 196:

Abacinate, eyes that bleed, praying for the end of your wide awake nightmare.

1986，Jeff Hanneman （作曲作詞）, “Angel of Death”, in Reign in Blood，演出者 Slayer:

This chiasmic image of the subject's imperviousness suggests a sensory deprivation beyond sublimity, like that of abacinated anti-epistemology.

1999，Srinivas Aravamudan，Tropicopolitans, →ISBN，頁 220:


songer

可能繼承自中古英語 songere (方言)，繼承自古英語 sangere，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *sangwārijaz (“歌手，歌唱者”)，與德語 Sänger、荷蘭語 zanger等同源，等價於 song + -er。或是上述詞素的現代構詞。

If a man who plays at ping pong is a "ponger," Then a singer of a "singsong" is a "songer"; If the "songer" is a singer. Then the "ponger" is a "pinger," And the man who says it's wrong must be a "wronger."

Will he sing it, I wonder?"
"Chantoozie, I ain't much of a songer any more. I just done that because I was told it was a colorful trait."

1976，Katie Lee，Ten Thousand Goddam Cattle:

No sound of songers chirping or jumbies, foraging for nuts.

2012，Susan St. Francis，A Tale of the Bug Fairies:


somniate

somniates (third-person singular present)
somniating (present participle)
somniated (past participle)

...but our powers not always in the same state of action, nor equally attentive to or rententive of the hints that were given, or things might be rendered more or less intelligible to us, as the powers of our soul were more or less dozed or somniated with the oppression of vapours from the body, which occasions sleep;

So much for the "safety benefit" of those somniating 100/110kph

2003年October2日，AlexT，“NJ cracks down on sleepy drivers that kill”, in talk.politics.misc (Usenet):

As for Dreams, and the diversity of them, with their significations, we shall be more large in our second part, when we shall treat of somniating Physiognomy; but in the mean time consider these Rules, and their Interpretations, for they are worthy the observation.

1671，Richard Saunders，Saunders Physiognomie, and Chiromancie, Metoposcopie:

The translation, by Malcolm C. Lyons and Ursula Lyons, shines like moonlight and magic mirrors, stimulates and somniates, echoes and recycles like a dream ...

2010 March/April，Willis G. Regier，“Shahrazad's New Clothes”, in World Literature Today，卷 84, 號 2:


haltere

源自古希臘語 ἁλτῆρες (haltêres，“手中握着的重物，用来推动跳跃”)。需要注意的是在古希臘語原文當中，ἁλτῆρες (haltêres)似乎沒有單數形式，一些權威詞典認為 halteres 是唯複名詞，但在英語昆蟲學用法中，haltere 有時作為逆構詞出現。有時則會使用單數形式 halter，但可能會與同形不同義的用法混淆。

Whenever the fly changes direction at an angle to the hinge, the shaking bends the halteres at their base and turns them into a gyroscope.

2022，Thomas Halliday，Otherlands，Penguin, 出版於 2023，頁 166:


abbreviature

源自中世紀拉丁語 abbreviātūra，源自晚期拉丁語 abbreviō (“縮短，縮寫”)。參見 abbreviate。

/əˈbɹi.vi.əˌt͡ʃʊɹ/

節略；摘要；摘錄；概括 （自16世紀末）

This is an excellent abbreviature of the whole duty of a Christian.

詞語、短語的縮寫 （自17世紀中葉）

The hand of PROVIDENCE writes often by abbreviatures, hieroglyphicks or short characters […]

1716，Thomas Browne，Christian Morals，第2nd版, London: J. Payne, 出版於 1756, Part I, p. 37:


sopite

拉丁語 sopitus，sopire (“使入睡”) 的過去分詞。

sopites (third-person singular present)
sopiting (present participle)
sopited (past participle)

... Balmawhapple could not, by the code of honour, evite giving satisfaction to ... Edward by such a palinode as rendered the use of the sword unnecessary, and which, being made and accepted, must necessarily sopite the whole affair.

1814，Sir Walter Scott，Waverley; or, 'Tis Sixty Years Since:


studying

學習；研究（動作、行為）

Yea, I have to charge thee further, before men and angels, with thy studyings and contrivances, the deepest and most intense thoughts of heart thou hast had […]

1839，Nathaniel Ranew，Solitude improved by divine meditation:


supplanter

Selfishness is indeed the supplanter of God in the soul.

1906，James H. McConkey，“Jacob's Struggle”, in China's Millions，頁 13:

What with the increased cost and the continued element of unreliability that these facts mean, I don't see in hydro-electricity more than an eker-out of coal and oil, not a supplanter.


naufragate

naufragates (third-person singular present)
naufragating (present participle)
naufragated (past participle)

All which Proposals we are resolved by Gods gracious assistance with unanimity, constancy, and activity, in our several stations, with our lives and fortunes, to prosecute and accomplish, to our powers, by all just and legal wayes, with what ever else may conduce to the Peace, Safety, Unitie, Wealth, Prosperity of our Lacerated, Macerated, Naufragated Church and State; […]

1660，Thomas Fuller，A happy handfull, or Green hopes in the blade; in order to a harvest, of the several shires, humbly petitioning, or heartily declaring for peace， […] John Williams […]，頁 48:

[…] the reſtoring of collapſed Honour to the Nations, and of juſt Rights to all orders therein; ( which have been ſo many years obſtruded) the reviving of Trade, the eaſing of Preſſures,the reducing of theſe wofully toſſed and naufragated Kingdoms unto Calmneſs and Serenity again, […]

1660，Edward Reynolds，The Meanes and Method of Healing in the Church， […] Tho. Ratcliffe, for George Thomason，頁 24:

And therefore although Gretſerus [k] be pleas'd to be diſpleas'd with this derivation thereof, yet it is ſuppoſed that others without the leaſt hazard of Naufragating their Art of Gloſſographie, may ſecurely caſt Anchor and ſafely acquieſce therein.

1661，John Godolphin，章號 I, in Συνήγορος θαλασσιος. A Vievv of the Admiral Jurisdiction，London，頁 7:

And very few, if any, would they but weight aright, the vaſt diſproportion that is betwixt their preſent earthly ſhadows and this moſt subſtancial bleſſedneſs, would ever turn their backs on Chriſt, or Naufragate, and make Shipwrack of the Faith, to ſecure the former, and hereby deprive themſelves to eternity of the latter.

1673，John Hickes，A Discourse of the Excellency of the Heavenly Substance，London，頁 28:

Clench's English, is of a piece with his Tuscan. For example, "Peter signifies an inexpugnable rock, able to evacuate all the plots of hell's divan, and naufragate all the lurid designs of empoisoned heretics."

1850，Thomas Babington Macaulay，章號 VI, in The History of England from the Accession of James II，卷 II, Boston: Phillips, Sampson and Company，頁 87:

Among others^([sic，意為other]) lessons that could be derived from the Gulf War, this event showed the inner limits to ICT propaganda. The attempt to legitimise the war and to make it morally more acceptable by people because, thanks to ICT, it was an entirely new type of war, i.e. a “clean” and “quick” war without human killing naufragated clamorously, not only for the shame of military establishment but also of media that uncritically supported and propagated such a claim.

1993，Facing the Challenge of Risk and Vulnerablity in an Information Society: […]，IFIP，頁 304:


habilitator

If the mine itself and its machinery, stores, and other valuable things that form part of the undertaking, should be attached and sold in execution, the provisions of the foregoing articles shall be observed in favor of the habilitators, as to the preference of their several claims among themselves, and with regard to the other creditors.

1892，Alejandro K. Coney，The Legal and Mercantile Handbook of Mexico，頁 177:


hebetant

源自拉丁語 hebetāns，hebetō (“使迟钝，使麻木”) 的現在分詞。

more hebetant (comparative)
most hebetant (superlative)

This morning, May 2, 1662, having first broken my fast upon eggs and cooling salades, mellows, watercresses, those herbes, according to Villanovus his prescription, who disallows the use of meat in a morning as gross, fat, hebetant, feral, altogether fitter for wild beasts than man […]

a. 1834，Charles Lamb，Curious Fragments extracted from a common-place book, which belonged to Robert Burton […] :


keirin

競輪賽，場地自由車比賽項目

The keirin is one of the few track cycling events not originating in the West, having been developed in Japan. […] Keirin is extrememly popular in Japan, in particular because of gambling on the races.

2011，Bill Mallon, Jeroen Heijmans，Historical Dictionary of Cycling，Scarecrow Press, →ISBN，頁 113:

Japan, however, has developed the distinctive cycling subculture of Keirin racing. Launched in Japanese velodromes in 1948 as a state regulated system designed to cream-off a percentage of stake money to support Japan's newly reconstituted bicycle industry […]

2016，Glen Norcliffe，Critical Geographies of Cycling: History, Political Economy and Culture，Routledge, →ISBN:


seditious

more seditious (comparative)
most seditious (superlative)

There may not be anything seditious about his music, but plundering and ravaging the tracks needed to create it requires a spirit of rebellion at odds with corporate organization. Enterprise mashup may be an oxymoron.

2010，Jonathon Keats，Virtual Words: Language on the Edge of Science and Technology，Oxford University Press, →ISBN，頁 112:


ablaqueate

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 ablaqueātus，ablaqueō (“翻起或鬆開樹周圍的土壤”) 的過去分詞，源自 ab- + laqueō (“套住，纏住”)。

ablaqueates (third-person singular present)
ablaqueating (present participle)
ablaqueated (past participle)

鬆土使（樹根）裸露 （(1350 - 1470) 至18世紀中葉）

After the autumnal equinox they were to be ablaqueated like the vines. Every third year they were to be dunged, and after some years (generally the eighth) to be pruned; for there was an old saying, to wit, eum qui aret olivetum rogare fructum; qui stercoret exorare; qui caedat cogere.

1847，Thomas Keightley，The Bucolics and Georgics of Virgil:


paper money

仿譯自漢語 紙錢／纸钱 (zhǐqián)。

儘管在書面作品中並不少見，但在英語口語中並不常用。另外，此詞通常與動詞 burn 搭配，即 burn paper money ― 燒紙錢。

Moreover, you say that serving Fuh is a profitable service; that if you burn paper money, present offerings, and keep fasts before the face of your god Fuh, he will dissipate calamities, blot out your sins, increase your happiness, and prolong your age!

此外，你还可以说侍奉福神是一项有利可图的礼拜；如果你在福神面前焚烧纸钱、献上供品并斋戒，他将消除你的灾祸罪孽、增加你的幸福、延长你的寿命！

1848，Samuel Wells Williams，The Middle Kingdom: A Survey of the Chinese Empire and its Inhabitants，頁 558:

Tablets in honour of the dead are set up in every house over a sort of family altar; and at certain times flowers are offered and paper-money is burned at these shrines.

每家每户都会在类似家庭祭坛的地方供奉牌位，以纪念死者；在特定时间，人们会在这些神龛上献上鲜花、焚烧纸钱。

1873，William Curry, Jun., & Company，The Dublin University Magazine，卷 81，頁 393:

Tsze Chien means “paper money” – not the real bank notes which are so extensively used in China as money but the make-believe tinsel money which the Chinese burn as part of their religious worship.

“纸钱”的意思是“纸做的钱币”——并非中国广泛使用的真正的钞票，而是中国人在宗教礼拜中焚烧的仿制钱。

1893，Henry Addison Nelson, Albert B. Robinson，The Church at Home and Abroad，頁 108:

People had also begun to burn paper money (it was believed that burning transformed it into real money that could be used by the departed souls in hades) instead of placing actual coins in the tombs.

人们也开始焚烧纸钱（人们相信焚烧纸钱可以使其变成真正的钱币，供冥界的亡灵使用），而不是在坟墓中放置真正的硬币。

1931，United States National Museum，Proceedings of the United States National Museum，卷 80，頁 75:

“Let’s burn the paper money,” Mai Mai said. She brought out a stack of yellow paper from her pocket – coarse paper with small circles cut in it to represent coins. Longevity lighted the paper money and kowtowed another time.

1967，C. Y. Lee，The land of the golden mountain，頁 175:

The paper money for the spirits consisted of imitations either of metal coins or of real money, but the latter had different sets of inscriptions and patterns to distinguish it from counterfeit money.

1985，Joseph Needham, Tsien Tsuen-Hsuin，Science and Civilisation in China，頁 102:

After paying homage to the departed, the ritual is concluded by a libation of rice wine poured on to an additional stack of burning paper money.

在向逝者表达敬意之后，向另一叠燃烧的纸钱上倒上米酒，仪式便结束了。

1996，Joo Ee Khoo，The Straits Chinese: A Cultural History，頁 53:

Supplicants burn paper money and joss sticks, and pray for good fortune to the temple deity, Tua Pek Kong.

信徒们焚烧纸钱和香，向庙里的神灵大伯公祈求好运。

2003，Charles de Ledesma, Mark Lewis, Pauline Savage，The rough guide to Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei，頁 414:

Many societies follow traditional funeral rites and practices. In China, this may involve burning paper money or possessions for the deceased to use in the afterlife.

许多社会都遵循传统的葬礼仪式和习俗。在中国，葬礼可能包括焚烧纸钱或遗物，供死者在来世使用。

2007，Catherine Chambers，End-of-life rituals，頁 7:

If a mourner is either Taoist or Buddhist they may hold a burning joss stick while bowing. A family member will usually be kneeling nearby to burn joss sticks and paper money.

如果吊唁者是道教徒或佛教徒，他们可能会手持一枝香鞠躬行礼。家庭成员通常会跪在旁边焚香和纸钱。

2016，Kelly Jackson-Nash，CultureShock! Singapore，頁 [unpaginated]:

Built in the early 19th century by the first Hokkien and Cantonese settlers in Penang, the temple isn’t so impressive architecturally, but it’s very central and popular with the Chinese community, and seems to be forever swathed in smoke from the outside furnaces where whorshippers burn paper money, and from the incense sticks waved around inside.

2017，Lonely Planet，Lonely Planet Discover Malaysia & Singapore: Top sights, authentic experiences，頁 [unpaginated]:


abductive

The logs showed that between 11:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. on the abductive day, 10,718 SIMs connected with the seven […] Some people in the kidnap zone would of course have called each other innocently, but […]

2010，Steve Hendricks，A Kidnapping in Milan: The CIA on Trial, →ISBN，頁 169:


faster-than-light

這是名詞前使用的形式。名詞後面使用的形式是 faster than light，例如：The laws of physics forbid faster-than-light travel.
物理定律禁止超光速傳播。 Tachyons travel at speeds faster than light.
快子以比光速還快的速度傳播。

Faster-than-light drives use element zero cores to reduce the mass of a ship, allowing higher rates of acceleration. This effectively raises the speed of light within the mass effect field, allowing high speed travel with negligible relativistic time dilation effects.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect，Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：FTL Drive Codex entry:


plaidoyer

In this plaidoyer for culture, I will argue that cultural differences are reflected in language in profound ways […]

2010，Guy Deutscher，Through the Language Glass，Arrow, 出版於 2011，頁 7:


era name

Cities were not infrequently named after the era name in which they were founded (e.g., Shaoxing 紹興 in Zhejiang, after the Shaoxing era, 1131-62).

2000，Endymion Wilkinson，“Geography”, in 漢語相關 History: A New Manual，第Rev. & enl.版, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 135:


ament

源自拉丁語 āmentum (“帶子”)。

柔荑花序 （自18世紀）

[T]he scales of the ament in the salix rosea, rose-willow, grow into leaves; and produce other kinds of monsters.

1789，Erasmus Darwin，The Loves of the Plants，J. Johnson，頁 9:


containerised

At the time, international deep-sea shipping remained a loose cargo operation, although BR did seek to influence conversion to unit loads by providing a containerised short sea shipping service between Harwich and Rotterdam in 1968.

2020年May20日，Industry Insider，“An online boost for freight”, in Rail，頁 68:


acescent

借自拉丁語 acēscēns, acēscentis，acēscēre (“變酸”) 的現在分詞，acēre (“是酸的，發酸”) 的起始動詞；對比法語 acescent。

more acescent (comparative)
most acescent (superlative)

The fluid was a pale yellow , thick , creamy - looking substance , of uniform consistency . It had a disagreeable acescent odour, something resembling that of putrecsent milk.

这种液体呈淡黄色，粘稠，呈奶油状，稠度均匀。它有令人不快的发酸气味，有点像腐烂的牛奶。

1826，Michael Faraday，“On Pure Caoutchouc, and the Substance by which it is accompanied in the State of Sap or Juice”, in Quarterly Journal of Science:

All kinds of malt liquor contain […] alcohol or spirit. They are of course weaker than wines, and in general more liable to become flat and acescent from this circumstance […]

1821，Friedrich Accum，A Treatise on the Art of Brewing，London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown，頁 10:


judging

/ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒɪŋ/

It is the contrasts between blind and self-evident judgings and between blind and correct affective attitudes which provide Brentano with the beginnings of an account of the dynamics of the mind which involves more than merely causal claims.

2004，Dale Jacquette，The Cambridge Companion to Brentano，頁 75:


crimes

'Oh crimes,' muttered Kate, clutching her mother's arm as Captain went up St Martin's Lane and turned into Castle Street, 'He's goin' into Seven Dials.'

2006，Bowering Sivers，Jammy Dodgers Go Underground，頁 138:


esprit de corps

非同化借詞，源自法語 esprit de corps，源自 esprit (“精神”) + de (“的”) + corps (“身體”)。

/ɛˌspɹiː də ˈkɔː/

/ɛˌspɹi də ˈkɔɹ/

Always happening like that. The very moment. Girl in Eustace street hallway Monday was it settling her garter. Her friend covering the display of. Esprit de corps. Well, what are you gaping at?

1922 February，James Joyce，“[Episode 5: Lotus Eaters]”, in Ulysses，Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part II [Odyssey]，頁 71:

Also, much depended on an exceptional esprit de corps which permeated the whole staff, and achieved miracles of promptitude in such details as engine-changing and the marshalling of trains.

1946 May and June，J. Alan Rannie，“The Midland of 35 Years Ago”, in Railway Magazine，頁 135:


all-night

同類詞：all-day

an all-night party

The former G.E.R. all-night service between Liverpool Street and Chingford, at hourly intervals, is revived.

1961 January，“The North-East London electrification of the Great Eastern Line”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 20:


derogation

源自古法語 derogacion（對應法語 dérogation），源自拉丁語 dērogātiō。

/ˌdɛɹəˈɡeɪʃən/

Two sets of Mk. 2 coaches hauled by Class 37s were introduced on peak Rhymney services during the summer. The coaches do not comply with the Persons with Reduced Mobility (PRM) standards and would therefore need a derogation to continue in passenger service after 31 December.

2019 October，Rhodri Clark，“TfW seeks PRM derogation for Class 37 sets”, in Modern Railways，頁 87:


derogant

源自拉丁語 derogans (現在分詞)。

more derogant (comparative)
most derogant (superlative)

arrogant in man and derogant to God


angariate

angariates (third-person singular present)
angariating (present participle)
angariated (past participle)

Howſoeuer, if parting with a peece of money be ſuch a Preſſure to the husband for the Wines wilfulnes, what a miſerable Preſſing Crueltie was that to burne a woman great with Childe, which opening the wombe in the torments , and comming foorth, was Angariated as throwen backe into the fire, to bee conſumed with the Mother?

1609，William Barlow，An Ansvver to a Catholike English-man，London: […] Thomas Haneland for Mathew Law，頁 140:

Wherefore I could not but with Iacobs Angel giue them leaue to prevaile, & yeeld ſo farre unto their earneſt requeſt, that being angariated to goe but one mile, I was notwithstanding content to goe with them more then twaine , preaching(before my departure thence)divers ſermons vnto them.

1635，Iohn Downe，“To the Reader”, in A Treatise of the Trve Natvre and Definition of Justifying Faith， […] Iohn Lichfield for Edward Foreſt，頁 A2:

Therefore,though Chriſt hath commanded his Followers (ſo it be not I ſuppoſe out of his Way) that if any man preſs them to go one mile, they ſhould go two, yet it is not wiſdom in the Church to pretend to, or however to exerciſe, that Power of Angariating men further than their occaſions or underſtandings will permit.

1676，Andreas Rivetus [i.e., André Rivet]，Mr. Smirke, or, the Divine in Mode，頁 12:

Accordingly, he made up his mind to acquire a knowledge of the Hungarian dialects. Later on he sought to do the same with Italian; and he angariated his assistant at the church into becoming interested in the same studies.

1918，“Other Sheep Not of This Fold” (章號 XVII), in Pastor Halloft: A Story of Clerical Life，Longmans, Green and Co.，頁 157:


swanky

swankier (comparative)
swankiest (superlative)

His manner never had been modest or retiring. Now it was unmistakably swanky; he was putting on side to an extent that made fellows who observed him smile and shrug their shoulders.

1930，Frank Richards，The Magnet: Tale-Bearer in Chief:


besuited

Here, besuited men with earpieces ushered us into a black Mercedes with tinted windows. On arrival at our destination, more besuited men with earpieces searched our bags, and made photocopies of my press card.

2010，Andrew Mueller, Douglas A. Martin，I Wouldn't Start from Here:


gelateria

借自意大利語 gelateria，源自 gelato (“冰淇淋”) + -eria。

/dʒəˌlatəˈɹiːə/

/d͡ʒəˌlætəˈɹi.ə/

As such, gelaterie are just as much a part of the Roman experience as the ancient Colosseum and the Forum.

因此，冰淇淋店与古罗马斗兽场和古罗马广场一样，是罗马体验的重要组成部分。

A death-by-chocolate option you are unlikely to find in restaurants but is a speciality in some gelaterie and cafés is the gianduiotto, a little slab of gianduia chocolate ice cream surmounted by a cup of whipped cream.

2006，Damien Simonis，Venice，Lonely Planet Publications, →ISBN，頁 155:

Forty years later, in a bustling downtown with more than its share of students, homeless people and gelaterias, Berkeley Rep occupies two sleek, custom-built theaters.

2008年March2日，Joy Goodwin，“Left Coast Ideas, Floating East”, in New York Times:

Claudia and I are suckers for gelato, and when you walk through Florence, gelaterie are everywhere.

克劳迪娅和我都非常喜欢吃意式冰淇淋，当你走在佛罗伦萨时，你会发现到处都是冰淇淋店。

2013，Jeff Michaud，Eating Italy: A Chef’s Culinary Adventure，Running Press, →ISBN:

While there are still some old-fashioned gelaterie making gelato with natural ingredients such as real fruit and nuts, the majority of places you run into in the more heavily “touristed” areas of town churn their ice cream from premade mixes or buy industrially premade gelato.

虽然仍有一些老式的冰淇淋店使用真正的水果和坚果等天然成分制作冰淇淋，但在城镇中“游客较多”的地区遇到的大多数地方，都是使用预先制作的混合物来制作冰淇淋或购买工业预制的冰淇淋。

2015，Elizabeth Minchilli，Eating Rome: Living the Good Life in the Eternal City，New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Griffin, →ISBN，頁 171:


arride

arrides (third-person singular present)
arriding (present participle)
arrided (past participle)

Above all thy rarities, old Oxenford, what do most arride and solace me are thy repositories of mouldering learning.

1823，Charles Lamb，Essays of Elia: Oxford In The Vacation:


iffy

iffier (comparative)
iffiest (superlative)

dodgy

真实性或合法性值得怀疑的

dubious

真实性或合法性值得怀疑的

fishy

真实性或合法性值得怀疑的

The weather is still iffy for Saturday's rocket launch.

周六的火箭发射天气仍然不太理想。

That potato salad smells a bit iffy. Don't chance it — it's not worth salmonellosis.

土豆沙拉的味道有点怪。别冒险——不值得冒沙门氏菌病的风险。

“He’s underground, anyway, so reception would be iffy.”

2020，N. K. Jemisin，The City We Became，Orbit，頁 416:

"Definitely something iffy, that's for sure.”


rebase

rebases (third-person singular present)
rebasing (present participle)
rebased (past participle)

When a DLL must be loaded at an address different from its preferred address (because the preferred address is unavailable), the kernel must rebase the DLL, which consists of updating (fixing up) all addresses in the DLL so that they refer to its new location in memory.


retcon

retroactive (“追溯的”) + continuity (“連續性”) 組成的混成詞。retroactive continuity（追溯連貫性）一詞由《群星中队》等超級英雄漫畫的作者 Roy Thomas 推廣開來，他稱這個詞出自一位匿名人士。

補充與修正虛構文學作品中之前已發表的故事：吃書

TLC: What do you say to the Legion fans who have become disenfranchised with the series due to its various retcons and reboots?

TLC：对于《军团》系列因各种吃书和重启而失去兴趣的粉丝，您想对它们说些什么呢？

2003，Glen Cadigan，The Legion Companion，頁 152:

Fans talk of retcon—retroactive continuity—giving information that explains an earlier event, especially seeming plot contradictions or lacunae.

2005，Rhonda Wilcox，Why Buffy Matters: The Art of Buffy the Vampire Slayer，頁 9:

It's a little trick called retcon, short for "retroactive continuity," […]
Yet I'm unsure even Millar is fully aware of the power given him by the retcon.

2006，The Man from Krypton: A Closer Look at Superman，頁 155:


retcon

retcons (third-person singular present)
retconning (present participle)
retconned (past participle)

補充與修正虛構文學作品中之前已發表的故事：吃書

While ‘retconning' the scripts, I came up with a number of theories that throw new light on the Doctor, his past, and various other elements[…]

2003，Jean-Marc Lofficier，The Nth Doctor，頁 5:

A lot of people were like, "Oh, they just retconned their own continuity. They should have used Kyle. I don't like that." So we just threw Kyle in there to say, "No, no, Kyle's still there. He still exists in the animated universe; he's just not stationed on Earth at the moment, regularly."

2004，Eric Nolen-Weathington，Modern Masters Volume 3: Bruce Timm，頁 79:

Retroactive continuity (aka retconning), would reveal that Quicksilver and Scarlet Witch are also Magneto's children, showing that this was a guy who was really committed to his cause

2006, Len Wein, ed., The Unauthorized X-Men: SF and Comic Writers on Mutants, Prejudice, and Adamantium 92:

Luthor appeared a handful of times, Gary "retconned" the Toyman and created Terra-Man, and Superman would get a worthy opponent whenever Len Wein did a fill-in.

2006, Michael Eury, Daniel (CON) Best, Glen (CON) Cadigan, Mike (CON) Esposito, David (CON) Mandel, The Krypton Companion, p. 157:

There’s a note of wistful, wishful thinking in all this retconning of reality — would that we could write a time jump into our own scripts!

2022年January7日，James Poniewozik，“Wondering When the Pandemic Will End? On TV, It Already Has.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


manumission

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 manūmissiō。

The most important law of Augustus, was the lex oelia sentia, deserving of all praise, which related to the manumission of slaves.

奥古斯都最重要的法律是《艾里亞·森迪亞法》，值得一切赞扬，该法律与解放奴隶有关。

1867，John Lord，The Old Roman World: the Grandeur and Failure of Its Civilization:

In the west, and especially in Cornwall, the names of the serfs were mainly Celtic,—Griffith, Modred, Riol, and so forth,—as may be seen from the list of manumissions preserved in a mass-book at St. Petroc's, or Padstow.

1881，Grant Allen，章號 19, in Anglo-Saxon Britain:

The more innocent dreamed of a manumission kindly bestowed by the new Emperor as one of a number of acts of justice and clemency proper to a new reign.

1985，Anthony Burgess，Kingdom of the Wicked:

Rather than encouraging his countrymen to liberate their slaves, he opposed both private manumission and public emancipation.

2012年November30日，Paul Finkelman，“The Real Thomas Jefferson: The Monster of Monticello”, in New York Times, retrieved 2015-08-03:


manumit

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 manūmittere，源自前古典時期拉丁語 manū ēmittere (字面意思是“從某人手上發出”)。

manumits (third-person singular present)
manumitting (present participle)
manumitted (past participle)

Turn now to the temperance revolution. In it we shall find a stronger bondage broken, a viler slavery manumitted, a greater tyrant deposed; in it, more of want supplied, more disease healed, more sorrow assuaged.

现在放眼看向禁酒革命。在这场革命中，我们将发现，更强大的束缚被打破，更卑鄙的奴隶制被解放，更强大的暴君被废黜；在这场革命中，更多的贫困会得到满足，更多的疾病会得到治愈，更多的悲伤会得到缓解。

1842年February22日，Abraham Lincoln，“Address Before the Springfield Washingtonian Temperance Society”, in The Papers and Writings of Abraham Lincoln:

Persons taken in war were considered at the absolute control of their captors, and were therefore, de facto, slaves; and the children of a female slave followed the condition of their mother, and belonged to her master. But masters could manumit their slaves, who thus became Roman citizens, with some restrictions.

战争中的俘虏被视为完全受俘虏他们的人的控制，因此事实上是奴隶；女奴的孩子则与母亲一样，属于主人。但主人可以释放奴隶，这样奴隶就成为罗马公民，但有一些限制。

Ruth wept much but Sara set her beauty to a fierce grimness which, even when, as you shall hear later, she was manumitted, she never entirely lost.

1985，Anthony Burgess，Kingdom of the Wicked，Arbor House Publishing:


dissuader

From all our experience on the subject, Members of Parliament have always been the dissuaders of the attempts of Dissenters; among whom an almost irrepressible impatience and disgust at their and their leaders' apathy have long existed.

1827，The Monthly Repository of Theology and General Literature，頁 303:


principiate

principiates (third-person singular present)
principiating (present participle)
principiated (past participle)

Both the Kingly and Prophetical Offices of Jesus Christ are principiated in this

1654，Edward Leigh，A Systeme or Body of Divinity:


plant milk

Plant milks can, nevertheless, have a dark side, as when any crop is produced in mass quantities.

2020年January29日，Annette McGivney，“Almonds are out. Dairy is a disaster. So what milk should we drink?”, in The Guardian:


mesugaki

借自日語 メスガキ (mesugaki)，源自雌(めす) (mesu，“雌性（動物）”) + 餓鬼(がき) (gaki，“小子”)。此詞於2020年左右開始為英語使用。

WE NEED MORE POKEKID IN EEVEE COSTUME DOUJINS DAMMIT!!
preferably one that presents her as a mesugaki :9

2020年May26日，@harid_ziran，Twitter，存檔自the original on 2024-07-18:

Riro quickly became one of the company’s most popular idols due to her gimmick as a “mesugaki” type character.

2023年November28日，Brandon Lyttle，“VTuber Riro Ron terminated for ‘dangerous and harmful’ activities”, in Niche Gamer，存檔自the original on 2023-11-29:

Mutsuki is a brat that like to be suggestive with sensei. She's a mesugaki archetype, one of the more popular one in fact (despite it starting in azur lane)

2023年December25日，@megamega171，Twitter，存檔自the original on 2024-07-20:

Youre Oshi is the vtuber who made the loli song playing into the lolicon fetish of the Mesugaki. Dude cant pick a side on this topic.

2024年April16日，@king_of_games34，Twitter，存檔自the original on 2024-07-20:


calculant

more calculant (comparative)
most calculant (superlative)

His face is calm, down-sloped, calculant, concerned.

1930，William Faulkner，As I Lay Dying，Library of America, 出版於 1985，頁 97:


sitten

源自中古英語 siten、seten，源自古英語 seten、ġeseten, sittan (“坐”) 的過去分詞。等價於 sit + -en (過去分詞)。同源詞包括荷蘭語 gezeten、德語 gesessen。

more sitten (comparative)
most sitten (superlative)

安定的；靜止的；難以移動或攪亂的

Their fire edge might help to kindle-up old sitten-up professours.

1671，J. Livingston，Let. to Parishoners Ancram 15:


present tense

Animals—lions and zebras and beautiful snakes—live vividly in the present tense, in a bright unconsciousness of time. That is their innocence and their limitation. Humans carry with them their experiences, their pasts; men and women work with a knowledge of consequences and, doing so, impose order on the chaotic present and project consequences into the future.

1998年March30日，Lance Morrow，“The Trouble With The Present Tense”, in Time:


infestant

Fungal spores or other structures produced by some of the pathogens are quite visible to the naked eye. These are mostly found as seed contaminants or seed infestants.

2009，H. Lewin Devasahayam，Illustrated Plant Pathology: Basic Concepts，頁 380:


recapitulant

more recapitulant (comparative)
most recapitulant (superlative)

How do our lives ravel out into the no-wind, no-sound, the weary gestures wearily recapitulant: echoes of old compulsions with no-hand on no-strings: in sunset we fall into furious attitudes, dead gestures of dolls.

1930，William Faulkner，As I Lay Dying，Library of America, 出版於 1985，頁 139:


World War III

於冷戰期間，這個詞暗示著世界的瞬間毀滅。隨著之後發生的各種常規戰爭，這種暗示變得越來越不常見。現在，它更多地被口語化，用來誇大個人爭論，例如核心家庭內部的衝突。

One time ago a crazy dream came to me / I dreamt I was walking into World War Three

1963，Bob Dylan （作曲作詞）, “Talkin' World War III Blues”, in The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan:

And I also wanted to be sure to keep Chiang Kai-shek, who had some notion of starting a World War Number Three, from going into China and doing just that.

1964，Harry S. Truman，片头起2:16, in MP2002-410 Several Cuts of Former President Truman Talking about Wars and Korea，Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum, National Archives Identifier: 595162:

The WOPR [War Operations Planning Response] has already fought World War III as a game time and time again.

1983，Lawrence Lasker, Walter F. Parkes，WarGames，spoken by Paul Richter:


Noel

源自該詞“聖誕節”的意思；使用自中世紀開始，用在聖誕節出生的小孩。

Christmas City

城市名，位於美國密蘇里州。

When Noel came, noisily bursting through the back door with buckets of cleansers and sponges, I introduced myself. "Just call me Noelle," he said of himself. "When I was little they used to call me Noel, Noel, the toilet bowl. Although now I have thought of painting that on the side of my van. It might be good for business? I don't know."

2009，Lorrie Moore，A Gate at the Stairs，Faber and Faber, →ISBN，頁 162:


effected

Their palette was covered with heavily effected guitars, synthetic loops and samples, electronic drums, and cold industrial sound effects.

2000，John Joseph Thompson，Raised by Wolves: The Story of Christian Rock & Roll:


indagator

借自拉丁語 indāgātor (“調查者”)。

For that, being the number of the Elements, Principles, or Materiall Ingredients of Bodies, is an enquiry whole truth is of that Importance, and of that Difficulty, that it may as well deserve as require to be searched into by such skilfull Indagators of Nature as your selves.

1661，Robert Boyle，The Sceptical Chymist [懷疑派的化學家]，頁s 5–6:


cooldown

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cooldown.wav

冷卻時間, 遊戲中持續使用虛擬物品或技能釋放所必須的間隔時間
具有强大效果但冷却时间较长的特殊能力

I had to wait for the cooldown to finish before recasting the spell.

我必须等待冷却时间结束后才能重新施放该咒语。

Private Terminal: After using a power, you must wait for it to recharge before using it again.
Private Terminal: This is called the cooldown period. When a power is in cooldown, its icon is gray. A red icon indicates that the power cannot affect the current target.

2012，BioWare，Mass Effect 3 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC，幕：Tactical Mastery: Advanced Power Use:


nosering

On the first wedding night of the marriage ceremony, the husband removes the big nosering of the bride, which is the symbolic representation of the girl being a virgin till that moment.

在婚禮的第一個新婚之夜，丈夫會摘下新娘的大鼻環，這象徵著女孩在那一刻之前還是處女。

1993，Mohsen Saeidi Madani，Impact of Hindu Culture on Muslims，M D Publications Pvt Ltd, →ISBN，頁 146:

[…] My mother and grandmother wore nine-yard saris, with heavy anklets, armlets, waist belts and enormous noserings, but they observed all the Jewish rituals.'

2002，Esther David，Book of Esther，Viking, →ISBN，頁 369:

A woman with dyed black hair and a greenstone nosering returns to a story she must have almost finished before I came in.

2007，Kristen Tsetsi，Homefront，Penxhere Press, →ISBN，頁 225:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:nosering。


assimulate

源自拉丁語 assimulatus，assimulare 的過去分詞，等價於 assimilare。參見 assimilate。

assimulates (third-person singular present)
assimulating (present participle)
assimulated (past participle)

So that small and little vital Principle of the Fear of God doth gradually and yet suddenly assimulate the actions of our life flowing from another Principle

1684，Matthew Hale，A Discourse of Religion:

You will remember the exact analogy — that trees grow by attracting and assimulating to themselves the terrestrial atmosphere which is thrown from all the planets[…]

1857，Andrew Jackson Davis，The great harmonia: Volume 4，頁 54:


Garden of Eden

仿譯自聖經希伯來語 גַּן עֵדֶן (gan ʿḗḏen)。

Therefore the Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken. So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life.

耶和華神便打發他出伊甸園去，耕種他所自出之土。於是把他趕出去了；又在伊甸園的東邊安設基路伯，和四面轉動發火焰的劍，要把守生命樹的道路。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 3:23–24:

Latter-day Saints know, through modern revelation, that the Garden of Eden was on the North American continent and that Adam and Eve began their conquest of the earth in the upper part of what is now the state of Missouri.

通过现代启示，后期圣徒知道伊甸园位于北美大陆，亚当和夏娃在现在的密苏里州北部开始征服地球。

1943，John A. Widtsoe，Evidences and Reconciliations: Aids to Faith in a Modern Day，Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, ch. 22，頁 127:

Up until two decades ago, the Garden of Eden was, we thought, in Eastern Ontario, where the McIntosh variety happened along. Probably Americans feel you had two Gardens of Eden, the first one being where the Red Delicious was discovered, and the second one, where the Golden Delicious was discovered. The Australians must have thought the Garden of Eden was somewhere in Australia, where the Granny Smith appeared. According to the Bible, however, there was only one Garden of Eden and probably the population explosion started there, but from that time onward, all control was lost of both apple production and population.

直到二十年前，我们还以为伊甸园位于安大略省东部，麦金托什品种就出现在那里。美国人可能觉得有两个伊甸园，第一个是红冠苹果的发现地，第二个是金冠苹果的发现地。澳大利亚人一定以为伊甸园位于澳大利亚的某个地方，格兰尼史密斯苹果出现在那里。然而，根据《圣经》，只有一个伊甸园，人口爆炸可能就是从那里开始的，但从那时起，苹果生产和人口就失去了控制。

1971，Western Fruit Grower，卷 25/26, Western Farm Publications:

“Were there many Gardens of Eden?” Surely! To read only of the biblical Adam and Eve is to grasp the story in this one way. In the hills they speak of the beginning as the time of the giants, another utopia. In eastern heathen lands, surely giants reigned in many Edens.

2001，George Szanto，The Condesa of M.，Cormorant Books Inc., →ISBN，頁 173:

For religious thinkers like William Warren and Landon West, the whole point of Eden was to unify mankind. To have two Gardens of Eden was worse than having none at all.

对于威廉·沃伦和兰登·韦斯特等宗教思想家来说，伊甸园的全部意义在于统一人类。拥有两个伊甸园比没有伊甸园更糟糕。

2011，Brook Wilensky-Lanford，“Practically Paradise”, in Paradise Lust: Searching for the Garden of Eden，Grove Press, →ISBN:


Garden of Eden

仿譯自聖經希伯來語 גַּן עֵדֶן (gan ʿḗḏen)。

自动机的初始配置，且无法从任何其他状态到达

In this paper the author presents some properties regarding the existence or non-existence of gardens of Eden for the cellular automata.

1986，Patrick Chenin, Claire Di Crescenzo, François Robert，Computers and Computing: Proceedings，頁 181:

I have gotten interested in Garden-of-Eden configurations in Life. All that I have been able to uncover thus far is that there are 2 know configurations:

1989年October20日，Rajeev Pandey，“hints and topics, anyone?”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

A configuration e not in the image of τ, namely e ∈ C \\ τ[C] is called a Garden of Eden (briefly GOE) configuration, this biblical terminology being motivated by the fact that GOE configurations only appear as initial configurations.

2004，Tullio Ceccherini-Silberstein with Francesca FiorenziandFabio Scarabotti, “The Garden of Eden Theorem for Cellular Automata and for Symbolic Dynamical Systems”, in Random Walks and Geometry: Proceedings of a Workshop at the Erwin Schrödinger Institute, Vienna, June 18 - July 13, 2001，Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, →OL:


liquesce

liquesces (third-person singular present)
liquescing (present participle)
liquesced (past participle)

At many points notes liquesce like the liquid letters, so that the interval from one note to another is begun with a smooth glide and does not appear to have a stopping place en route.

2009，Iain Fenlon，Early Music History: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Music:


combust

繼承自中古英語 combust (“被燃燒”)，源自古法語 combust，源自拉丁語 combustus，拉丁語 combūrere (“燒掉，燒毀”) 的完成被動分詞。

combusts (third-person singular present)
combusting (present participle)
combusted (past participle)

Brom swore after that he spoke only the truth, the truth that as he sat by my side praying for my soul, my body had combusted into flame, the fire rapidly engulfing my entire being.


combust

more combust (comparative)
most combust (superlative)

与太阳紧密相连，有时指定在8度30分以内

Guianerius had a patient could make Latin verses when the moon was combust, otherwise illiterate.

1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
, I.iii.1.3:

Who can discern those planets that are oft Combust, and those stars of brightest magnitude that rise and set with the Sun, untill the opposite motion of their orbs bring them to such a place in the firmament, where they may be seen evning or morning.


comburent

[…] the passage for comburent fluid, the opposite sides of the other diaphragm being exposed to the pressure of the combustible fluid on opposite sides of said resistance. 3. Apparatus for maintaining the proportional delivery of combustible fluid and comburent fluid supplied through separate passages to a gas-fired furnace, […]

1919，The Canadian Patent Office Record and Register of Copyrights and Trade Marks:


concomitate

concomitates (third-person singular present)
concomitating (present participle)
concomitated (past participle)

[…] spouting part of the briny Ocean in wantonnesse out of their oylie pipes bored by nature atop their prodigious ſhoulders, like ſo many floating Ilands concomitating us.

1638，Sir Thomas Herbert，Some years travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique:


demigrate

源自拉丁語 dēmīgrō。

demigrates (third-person singular present)
demigrating (present participle)
demigrated (past participle)

/ˈdɛmɪɡɹeɪt/

I demigrate into one of these so well architected minsters

1653，W. Heath Robinson，The Works of Mr. Francis Rabelais:


demigrate

取消（如電腦系統的）遷移

The reason is that it is more cost effective to debug and troubleshoot the new environment than to demigrate and lose all the data transactions completed under the new technology.

2002，Charles V. Breakfield, Roxanne E. Burkey，Managing Systems Migrations and Upgrades，頁 196:


interminate

interminates (third-person singular present)
interminating (present participle)
interminated (past participle)

doleful accents of interminated judgments

a. 1656，Bishop Joseph Hall，The Mourner in Sion:


wumpus

基於早期以文字為基礎的電腦遊戲《Hunt the Wumpus》（1973）。

In addition to the Wumpus, other dangers are lurking: namely deadly pits, and bats that grab the player and drop her in a random cave.

1987，Etienne Wenger，Artificial Intelligence and Tutoring Systems:

A scream occurs when the agent shoots an arrow that kills the wumpus.

2003，Selmer Bringsjord, Michael John Zenzen，Superminds: People Harness Hypercomputation, and More:

In Hunter, towards the end of the game, the player is tracking the wounded wumpus and finds herself in a room of interconnected caves.

2008，Andreas Jahn-Sudmann, Ralf Stockmann，Computer Games as a Sociocultural Phenomenon:


alliteration

借自新拉丁語 allīterātiō，來自allīterātus，來自allīterō，來自拉丁語 ad (“到，朝向，靠近”)和lītera (“字母”)。

/əˌlɪtəˈɹeɪʃən/

[əˌlɪɾəˈɹeɪʃən]

同類詞：assonance

So fish fury all round, as there has been in the past. And as an aside, that alliteration was, sadly, not mine that of a former political correspondent of the Daily Record, John Deans, and applied to the 'cod wars' with Iceland.

2018年March20日，“Fish fury flares over Brussels Brexit deal”, in ITV:


emunge

借自拉丁語 ēmungō。

emunges (third-person singular present)
emunging (present participle)
emunged (past participle)

擦；弄乾淨（尤其指鼻子）

The moment of inspiration commences — the speaker emunges his nose with all his might - a doleful voice, scarcely audible, something like the melancholy moan of the midnight breeze, which so few have heard, informs you might have supposed destitute of the organs of speech, possesses in some respect the faculties of speaking.

1949，J. D. H. Widdess，An Account of the Schools of Surgery:


strike while the iron is hot

strikes while the iron is hot (third-person singular present)
striking while the iron is hot (present participle)
struck while the iron is hot (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-strike while the iron is hot.ogg

用命令式表達時，這個詞有個廣為人知的說法或者諺語：Strike while the iron is hot!
要趁熱打鐵！

趁熱打鐵：抓緊條件有利時行動

We should strike while the iron is hot and order some immediately, before they change the offer.

我们应该趁热打铁，立即订购一些，以免他们改变报价。

The Gap thus stopp'd, with her Army she marcheth to the Cage that kept those Birds, whose Wings she would be clipping. She knew if she struck not while the Iron was hot, the heat of a popular Faction would quickly sink and lessen.

c. 1620s，Elizabeth Cary [misattributed to Henry Cary]，The History Of the most unfortunate Prince King Edward II. […] ，London: A.G. and F. P., 出版於 1680，頁 41:


make hay while the sun shines

潮湿的天气会破坏干草的收成。农民必须抓住干燥的天气机会进行干草收割（割草、晾干、收集）。特别是在中世纪，提前几天预报天气笔现在更加困难，因此这一点尤为重要。这个短语最早的记录在1546年，原是都铎式表达，最早的比喻使用出现在1673年。

makes hay while the sun shines (third-person singular present)
making hay while the sun shines (present participle)
made hay while the sun shone (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-make hay while the sun shines.ogg

這個短語的命令式可用作諺語。

趁熱打鐵；抓緊有利情況採取行動

Until the mid-2010s, the ROSCOs 'made hay while the sun shone', taking advantage of growing passenger demand and expanding services to find homes for their rolling assets - in some cases, well beyond their expected design lives.

2023年June28日，Ben Jones，“Are we getting rid of our (still useful) rolling stock too early?”, in RAIL，期 986，頁 28:


give a shit

gives a shit (third-person singular present)
giving a shit (present participle)
gave a shit (past)
given a shit (past participle)

/ˈɡɪv ə ˌʃɪt/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-give a shit.wav

主要用于否定或疑问语境中，如“你认为我在乎吗？”；換句話說，這個詞通常是“否定有极项”（negative polarity item）。

用来表达对他人的态度或行为的漠不关心或无视。

在乎，在意，理會（尤指別人的想法或行為，尤其是他们对说话者的看法或说法）

You're going to get me fired? I don't give a shit!

你要让我被解雇？我才不在乎呢！

"Do it badly," said the man, "who cares? Who gives a shit?"

“不必苛求，”男人說道，“又有誰會在乎呢？根本不會有人當回事兒。”

1982，Douglas Adams，Life, the Universe and Everything，頁 114:

There are some people who still hitchhike, although not as many as before. A lot of folks gave the practice up after being buried in shallow graves near the side of the road. But here's some fun you can have in case you still like to get out and hoist a thumb.[...]Or, when the guy stops, don't say anything; just jump in and sit down. When he says, "Where you going?" say, "I don't give a shit. Let's just ride around. I'm off till Thursday." Then make a lot of motor noises with your mouth.

1997，George Carlin，“Hitchhiking Fun”, in Brain Droppings，New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 222:


throw away

throws away (third-person singular present)
throwing away (present participle)
threw away (past)
thrown away (past participle)

As Gilly plays sitcom wife, reading aloud from a book while Sam tries to read his own across the table, she throws away a line about someone named Maynard once having annulled the marriage of someone named Prince Raggar and remarrying him in the same ceremony in Dorne.

2017年August13日，Brandon Nowalk，“Oldtown offers one last game-changing secret as Game Of Thrones goes behind enemy lines (newbies)”, in The Onion AV Club:


throwing

[…] it looked like a house where they played charades, where there would be long streamers of evergreen and dozens of wreaths of holly at Christmas-time, where there were tearful, happy weddings and great throwings of rice after little brides […]

1909，Booth Tarkington，Beasley's Christmas Party:


strepent

源自拉丁語 strepent，源自 strepere (“發出噪聲”)；對比 obstreperous。

more strepent (comparative)
most strepent (superlative)

Peace to the ſtrepent horn ! / Let no harſh diſſonance diſturb the morn, / No ſounds inelegant and rude / Her ſacred ſolitudes profane !

1750，William Shenstone，“Rural Elegance: An Ode to the Late Ducheſs of Somerset”, in A Collection of Poems，出版於 1758，頁 13:

But since Reaumer could never witness this, I shall not insist upon your believing it, though the relater declares that he had heard it with his ears, and seen it with his eyes, and had called many to witness the vibrating and strepent wings of this trumpeter bumble-bee.

1817，William Kirby, William Spence，An Introduction to Entomology: or, Elements of the Natural History of Insects，頁 384:


sonofabitch

sonofabitches (plural)
sonsofbitches (plural)
sonsabitches (plural)

The attacking arm held up the forearm of his starboard manipulator and waved it around in victory in front of the ceramic dome. In front of Chad. "I'm not done yet, you sonofabitch," Chad reached down, flipped two protective covers, and jettisoned both forward arms.

2006，Robert Wernli，Sunrise Cartel，頁 116:


recode

recodes (third-person singular present)
recoding (present participle)
recoded (past participle)

重新編碼 重新編程；重構代碼

The program below, taken from Example 8.7, is recoded with several errors that are flaggable by the assembler.

1963，Philip M. Sherman，Programming and coding the IBM 709-7090-7094 computers，頁 126:


recule

recules (third-person singular present)
reculing (present participle)
reculed (past participle)

The Flemmynges began to be abasshed and to be discomfyted, and began to recule backe, and to fall one upon another.

1525，Jean Froissart，譯者 Sir John Bourchier, The Chronicle of Froissart - Volume 3，頁 374:

Then being in Auguste, he came and campid his hole hooste in an ylande in the water of Barrowe, and dayly wolde come into the bordures of thErle of Ossories cuntrey, and sawe moche people dayly in ordre of battaile, and then would recule to their campe.

1546，Great Britain. Record Commission，State Papers: pt. III. Correspondence between the governments of England and Ireland, 1515-1546，頁 250:

And forced them, however strong and stout
They were, as well approv'd in many a doubt,
Backe to recule

1596，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book V, Canto XI”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


recolor

She elaborates further: "It has given me great satisfaction and fulfillment that people like my recolors. These feelings make my days less lonely and boring, even if it is only from a recolor of an object in a computer simulation game. […]

2010，J. Gee, Elisabeth R. Hayes，Women and Gaming: The Sims and 21st Century Learning，頁 88:


gregorian

Also, the play now opens and closes with a chant (definitely not gregorian, as that may have required some research) of Kyrie Eleison four times, not three, which is just enough to confound any Catholic in the audience and make Brecht roll over in his grave and puke.

1988年April8日，Tom Boeker，“The Duchess of Malfi”, in Chicago Reader:


contextualize

contextualizes (third-person singular present)
contextualizing (present participle)
contextualized (past participle)

Despite personal schisms and differences in spiritual experience, there is a very coherent theology of Snape shared between the wives. To examine this manifestation of religious fandom, I will first discuss the canon scepticism and anti-Rowling sentiment that helps to contextualise the wider belief in Snape as a character who extends beyond book and film.

2014年March3日，Zoe Alderton，“‘Snapewives’ and ‘Snapeism’: A Fiction-Based Religion within the Harry Potter Fandom”, in Religions，卷 5, 期 1, MDPI, →DOI，頁s 219–257:


'ad

“’Ere y'are, the best rig-out you ever ’ad. A tosheroon [half a crown]^([sic]) for the coat, two ’ogs for the trousers, one and a tanner for the boots, and a ’og for the cap and scarf. That's seven bob.”

1933年January9日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，章號 29, in Down and Out in Paris and London，London: Victor Gollancz […], →OCLC，頁s 214–215:


commender

The Germans and the French became reformers; but the Anglo-Saxons were the first translators and commenders of the Bible, and of universal Bible reading.

1850，William Kimbrough Pendleton，The Millennial Harbinger, Volume 7:


essent

1959年拉爾夫·曼海姆翻譯馬丁·海德格著作 Einführung in die Metaphysik 時所造，模仿德語 Seiendes（與 Sein 區分），基於 essens，即仿拉丁語 sum 的現在分詞。

Why are there essents rather than nothing? That is the question. Clearly it is no ordinary question. “Why are there essents, why is there anything at all, rather than nothing?”—obviously this is the first of all questions, though not in a chronological sense.

1959，Martin Heidegger，譯者 Ralph Manheim, An Introduction to Metaphysics，頁 1:

As against this, the non-conceptual creative word, instead of enabling us to grasp and lay hold of what is already there before us, instead of serving merely as a means to describing what is present, calls into being. It is evocative of Being; it invokes that presence (Anwesenheit), i.e., Being, within which (in the light of which) anything can appear before us as an essent.

1992，Jarava Lal Mehta，J.L. Mehta on Heidegger, Hermeneutics and Indian Tradition，頁 51:

The essent can be things at our disposal; things at hand such as tools, or vehicles. The land, the sea, the mountains, rivers, woods are also essents. Trees, birds, insects, grasses and stones are essents.

2007，Marko Zlomislić，Jacques Derrida’s Aporetic Ethics，頁 116:


free trade

Hidden behind thickets of acronyms and gorse bushes of detail, a new great game is under way across the globe.[…]The current power play consists of an extraordinary range of countries simultaneously sitting down to negotiate big free trade and investment agreements.

2013年July19日，Timothy Garton Ash，“Where Dr Pangloss meets Machiavelli”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 6，頁 18:


expando

運行時新增至物件／對象的屬性

Because JavaScript objects are not constrained to predefined interfaces as they are with .NET objects, you can set expando properties on any object.

2009，Ted Pattison, Daniel Larson，Inside Microsoft Windows Sharepoint Services 3.0:

I talk more about expandos in Chapter 10. This means that you can arbitrarily add new properties to an object whenever you want.

2010，Alexei White，JavaScript Programmer's Reference:


reformado

源自西班牙語 reformar，源自拉丁語 refōrmāre。

reformados (plural)
reformadoes (plural)

This was one of Celestin the pope's caveats for his new reformadoes

1631，John Weever，Ancient Funerall Monuments:

被剥夺指挥权但保留军衔（有时还有薪水）的军官

Turn all the Reformado's out of the Line: Withdraw all their Guards from the Houses

1648，Clement Walker，The History of Independency:


redargue

源自晚期中古英語 redarguen、redargue (“駁倒；斥責，責備”)，源自中古法語 redarguer 及古法語 redargüer (“反驳，驳斥；指责，责备；斥责”)（對應現代法語 rédarguer），源自拉丁語 redarguere (“反驳，驳斥”)（對比晚期拉丁語 redarguere (“斥责，责备”)），redarguō (“反驳，驳斥”) 的現在主動不定式，源自 red-（re- (“再次”) 的異體）+ arguō (“断言，宣布；澄清，说明；证明，展示；指责，控告；谴责，斥责，责备”)（可能最終源自原始印歐語 *h₂erǵ- (“银色，白色；闪闪发光的”)，意为照亮某物以使其清晰）。argue 的同源對似詞。
同源詞
* 加泰羅尼亞語 redargüir
* 意大利語 redarguire
* 古奧克語 redarguir
* 葡萄牙語 redargüir
* 西班牙語 redargüir

redargues (third-person singular present)
redarguing (present participle)
redargued (past participle)

/ɹɪˈdɑːɡjuː/

counterargue

反駁，駁斥（某人或論點、主張）

反駁，駁斥（某人或論點、主張）

[T]he objections you mention, I humbly conceive, are ſuch as may be redargued, if not entirely removed— […]

1771，[Tobias Smollett]，“To Mr. Henry Davis, Bookseller, in London”, in The Expedition of Humphry Clinker […]，卷 I, Dublin: […] A. Leathley, […], →OCLC，頁s v–vi:


kind of

來自對短語中 kind of 的重分析，如 a kind of merry dance 本來是“a kind + of + merry dance”，被重新分析作“a + kind-of merry + dance”。

I'm getting kind of tired. Could we finish tomorrow?

我有點兒累了。咱們能在明天完成嗎？

That's the right answer, kind of.

某種程度上，那確實是正確答案。

He kind of hated the idea of Hugo having been with someone else, even though that was superhypocritical, considering Brand's own previous arrangements with Ramie and Jackson.

2022，A. M. Arthur，His Fresh Start Cowboy:


rehabilitant

被改造、修復者；康復者，恢復者

The rehabilitator and the rehabilitant assess each other.

康复师与接受康复治疗者互相评估。

1973，James F. Garrett, Edna Simon Levine，Rehabilitation Practices with the Physically Disabled，頁 20:

This does happen for some; for example, peer counseling experience gained as an advanced rehabilitant working with more recently admitted clients/patients has been a stepping stone toward professional training for a number of people.

2003，Carolyn L. Vash, Nancy M. Crewe，Psychology of Disability, →ISBN，頁 256:

Considering rehabilitant variants that are modifications of provisional wild innovations, geographic prevalence was wider in wild orangutans for 7 entries, roughly equal for 16 entries, and wider in rehabilitants for 20 entries.

2010，Serge A. Wich, S Suci Utami Atmoko, Tatang Mitra Setia，Orangutans: Geographic Variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation, →ISBN:

Rijksen (1978) observed a rehabilitant aggressively Jabbing with a long stick at a caged clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa).

2011，Robert W. Shumaker, Kristina R. Walkup, Benjamin B. Beck，Animal Tool Behavior: The Use and Manufacture of Tools by Animals, →ISBN:


rehabilitant

more rehabilitant (comparative)
most rehabilitant (superlative)

康復的；恢復的；被改造的

There are no differences, on any of the twenty factors studied, between the rehabilitant and non-rehabilitant groups.

在所研究的二十个因素中，康复组和非康复组之间没有差异。

1961，Dissertation Abstracts - Volume 21, Issue 4，頁 2980:

However, some evidence exists on spatial memory in both wild and captive apes and on delayed imitation in rehabilitant apes.

2007，Joanna Blake，Routes to Child Language: Evolutionary and Developmental Precursors, →ISBN:

Recently sensory involvement in relation to pain has been studied asserting the clinical observation of pain ranging from mild to severe in the acute and rehabilitant phases.

2011，Doug Elliott, Leanne Aitken, Wendy Chaboyer，ACCCN's Critical Care Nursing, →ISBN，頁 468:


reinscribe

reinscribes (third-person singular present)
reinscribing (present participle)
reinscribed (past participle)

在新的背景或表现形式中重现某个观点，通常以强化该观点或扩大其影响力的方式

This ambivalent anality both parodied national and gendered fantasies of “hardness” at the same time that it drew on dynamics of racial and queer mimesis to reinscribe hegemonic (white/ straight) masculinity.

2022，Marisol Cortez，“Ambivalent Anality: Revisiting the Queer Ecology of "the Jackass Moment"”, in Media+Environment:


remanufacture

remanufactures (third-person singular present)
remanufacturing (present participle)
remanufactured (past participle)

rebuild

通过拆卸旧系统、清洁、检查、更换磨损和有缺陷的部件并重新组装，制造出符合标准的新制造系统或子系统

同類詞：overhaul、reassemble、renovate

But used starters and alternators are still remanufactured in the United States, reusing the costly copper wiring in each device and selling them in the $1.5 billion market for replacement starters and alternators.

中國汽車部件進入全球市場

2007年June7日，Keith Bradsher，“Chinese Auto Parts Enter the Global Market [中國汽車部件進入全球市場]”, in New York Times:


on the job

Unlike your typical office drama, wherein characters’ lives intersect entertainingly both inside and outside work, the premise of Severance rests in the twisted implications of total compartmentalization: What if you could separate out your work memories (and thereby your work self), thereby forming a totally distinct identity while on the job?

April 14 2022，Delia Cai，“Severance, the New York Times’s Twitter Guidelines, and the Forever Illusion of Work-Life Balance”, in Vanity Fair:


remuda

借自西班牙語 remuda。

加鞍备用马群 （自19世紀）

To one side of the barn was a remuda of work-horses, perhaps twenty in all.

Buddy did not know what his mother was going to do, but he was sure that whatever she did would be right; so he hoisted his saddle on the handiest fresh horse, and loped off to drive in the remuda, feeling certain that his father would move swiftly to save his cattle that ranged back in the foothills, and that the saddle horses would be wanted at a moment's notice.

A big remuda had been driven up, Cayuse ponies mixed with larger American horses.

2013，Philipp Meyer，The Son，Simon & Schuster, 出版於 2014，頁 29:


mussitate

源自拉丁語 mussitō (“保持安静；低语，咕哝”) + -ate (動詞後綴)，源自 mussō (“保持沉默和恭敬；轻声说，低语”)（源自原始印歐語 *mur- (“低语”)，本為擬態詞）+ -itō (反復後綴)。

mussitates (third-person singular present)
mussitating (present participle)
mussitated (past participle)

含糊地說；喃喃自語道（詞語、話語）

As for the Origination of the name Magus, […] others [derive it] from מהגה, one that muſſitates; becauſe the Magi tranſacted al their Incantations by muſſitating or muttering out their vvords.

1676，Theophilus Gale，“Of the Magi, Gymnosophistæ, Druides and Other Barbaric Philosophers”, in The Court of the Gentiles: Or, A Discourse Touching the Traduction of Philosophie from the Scriptures and Jewish Church: […]，第2nd版, London: […] J. Macock for Thomas Gilbert, →OCLC, part II (Of Philosophie), book I (Of Oriental, and Occidental Barbaric Philosophie)，頁 75:

It's not impossible that from the very start / I've been at something akin to / what the Dogon buckoos do: / how they mussitate extended tales by heart / of their gene-myths of their ancestors into / their women's auricles.

2007，Greg Delanty，“The Wordmen”, in The Ship of Birth: Poems，Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State University Press, →ISBN，頁 14:

Jake threw his hat at Hannah and walked to his office with a grin from ear to ear as he mussitated, "and whose fault is that?"

2020年May19日，Richard M. Beloin，“Oil—Hay—Land—Capers”, in The Harrisons，Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, →ISBN:

說話含糊不清；喃喃自語 （自17世紀初）

Let none dare to think as vve hear ſome one or tvvo begins to muſſitate, that the Magiſtrates miſcarriages about the matters of Religion, does forfault him of his right to govern, and ſo cadens titulo, is no more to be ovvned as King.

1681，“an Healing Hand” [pseudonym; John Bairdy]，Balm from Gilead: Or, The Differences about the Indulgence, Stated and Impleaded: […]，London: […] Tho[mas] Cockerill […], →OCLC，頁 162:

Nay, farther, in Isaiah we are taught, concerning those who speak out of the ground, whose voice is as of one who hath a familiar spirit, and whose speech shall whisper, peep, chirp, mutter or mussitate low out of the dust, namely: that they shall be visited of the Lord of hosts with thunder, earthquake, great noise, storm and tempest, and with the flame of devouring fire. (xxix. 4, 6.)

1843，William Elder，“In Relation to the Powers and Prerogatives of the Clergy to Rule and Teach, Claimed to be Immediately from on High Independent of the Laity”, in The Genius of Ecclesiastical Freedom; Comprising the Declaration of Divine Order, Made by the First Convention of the New Church in Union County, Indiana; […]，Cincinnati, Oh.: [s.n.], →OCLC，頁 220:

Enough remains, however, to make one go mussitating in solitary places, like a banished bull μελεος μελεῳ ποδι χηρενων。

1860，Alazon [pseudonym; William Richard Barnes]，“XIX [Lord Brougham, Lord George Gordon, Lessons from the East End Riots, the Author’s Fears, Sponsors, and Lord Ebury’s Letter on Ash-Wednesday]”, in Let Well Alone: Or Removal of Blemishes from Church and State，London: Longman & Co. […], →OCLC，頁 182:

I have now another visitant [a mouse], a much quieter animal: it rustles about a good deal on first entering, but after a while it subsides into a gentle and very peculiar murmuring sound: […] it is really mussitating, i.e., "to gently murmur," […]

1869年April1日，A. Hall，“Notes and Queries. [Habits of House Mice.]”, in Hardwicke’s Science-Gossip: An Illustrated Medium of Interchange and Gossip for Students and Lovers of Nature，卷 V, 期 52, London: Robert Hardwicke, […], 出版於 1870, →OCLC，頁 93，列 1:

The boat chugged up to the little stone jetty / without breaking the skin of the water, stretching, / as black as my stout, from somewhere unspeakable / to here, where the foaming lip mussitates endlessly, / trying, with a nutter's persistence, to read / and re-read the shoreline.

1993，Don Paterson，“The Ferryman’s Arms”, in Nil Nil，London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN，頁 1:

"I, a military man, who might just someday enter politics. Do not cast pearls before gypsies!" he mussitated, walking on, and did not stop until he reached the churchyard, where he faced a peculiar sight.

2014，Magdalena Zyzak，“In which Odolechka is Introduced to the Automobile, a Technology hitherto Largely in the Domain of Rumor”, in The Ballad of Barnabas Pierkiel […]，New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN，頁s 44–45:


sentence adverb

disjunct

句子副詞；修飾整個子句或句子而不是單詞或片語的副詞

句子副詞；修飾整個子句或句子而不是單詞或片語的副詞

In every section of this invaluable work new light is thrown on ancient problems - phrasal verbs (bring up, put off), phrasal-prepositional verbs (catch up on, come up with) [...] duratives, sentence adverbs, and so on.

1985，Robert Burchfield，The English Language，Oxford: Oxford University Press，頁 156:


nominatum

所指；名詞或名字所命名、指向的事物

However, it is certain that whoever seriously regards the sentence either as true or false also attributes to the name “Odysseus” a nominatum, not only a sense; […]

1987，Anna Whiteside, Michael Issacharoff，On Referring in Literature，頁 71:


nominor

[…] your lordship was pleased to say several things about my fitness in other respects for public business, and about the terms of connexion, in such a case, between a nominor and a nominee.

1842，Jeremy Bentham，The Westminster Review:


dissensus

源自拉丁語 dissēnsus；或為 dissent + consensus 組成的混成詞。

Now it is apparent that neither the consensus of Christianity with other religions, nor its dissensus from them, nor the absolute or relative superiority which we claim for it, can be made evident without a thorough and methodical comparison of all religions.

1874，Edmund Spiess，“Comparative Study of Religions, in Its Bearing upon Christian Apologetics”, in History, Essays, Orations, and Other Documents of the Sixth General Conference of the Evangelical Alliance, Held in New York, October 2–12, 1873，New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, publishers, Franklin Square, →OCLC，頁 310:

Underlying a real and culturally meaningful general consensus about the wrongness of rape, there can indeed be many contextual dissensuses about rape being okay. Only when we allow a reified conception of consensus to drive out the nuanced understanding in the ethnographic literature of the way people talk when they accuse and excuse crime do we see consensus-dissensus as being an "insoluble inconsistency" ([Christopher] Uggen at 496) at the foundation of the theory.

1998，Integrative Criminology (International Library of Criminology, Criminal Justice & Penology)，Aldershot, Hampshire, Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate Publishing, →ISBN，頁 569:

In this chapter, we explore two forms of dissensus. The first is horizontal dissensus, or that which occurs within a three-judge panel on the courts of appeals. Judges signal this form of dissensus by writing separate opinions that take the form of a dissent or concurrence. The second is vertical dissensus, which occurs when a court of appeals panel disagrees with the lower court over the proper resolution of the case. This form of dissensus is observed when the court of appeals reverses the lower court's decision, either in whole or in part.

2006，Virginia A. Hettinger, Stefanie A. Lindquist, Wendy L. Martinek，“Horizontal and Vertical Dissensus”, in Judging on a Collegial Court: Influences on Federal Appellate Decision Making (Constitutionalism and Democracy)，University of Virginia Press, →ISBN，頁 5:

Certainly parliamentary politics is indebted to the rhetorical culture of addressing issues from opposite views and debating the alternatives pro et contra. In parliamentary procedure dissensus and debate are institutionalised: no motion is approved without a thorough examination of and confrontation among imaginable alternatives.

2014，Kari Palonen, José María Rosales, Tapani Turkka，“Introduction: The Parliamentary Politics of Dissensus”, in The Politics of Dissensus: Parliament in Debate (Social Sciences & Humanities; 2)，Santander: Cantabria University Press; [Madrid]: McGraw-Hill Interamericana de España, →ISBN，頁 3:


deathrate

At ages under 25 years, the deathrate declined sharply. The decline in the deathrate for children under 15 years resulted from the lower diphtheria, scarlet fever and whooping cough rates; among adolescents the lower tuberculosis mortality was the chief factor back of the lower rates.

1922，Statistical Bulletin, Vol III, No. 1，Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.，頁 8:

It is a striking fact, though seemingly little recognized, that the deathrate in the United States has been barely holding its own since 1920, in spite of all the advances in sanitation, medicine and surgery that have taken place.

1931，Henry Pratt Fairchild，“When Our Deathrate Goes Up”, in The Survey, Volume LXVI, No. 11，Survey Associates，頁 510:

During the decade birth and death figures were related to this quite unrepresentative population with the consequence that Salem showed birthrates of over 60 and deathrates of corresponding elevation in gross contradiction to recognized facts.

1932，M. W. M. Yeatts，Census of India, 1931, Volume XIV: Madras, Part I: Report，Government of India Central Publication Branch，頁 27:


in hand

at hand

佔有著，擁有著，在手頭上 （自10世紀）

on hand

佔有著，擁有著，在手頭上 （自10世紀）

to hand

佔有著，擁有著，在手頭上 （自10世紀）

handy

佔有著，擁有著，在手頭上 （自10世紀）

at the ready

佔有著，擁有著，在手頭上 （自10世紀）

under control

處於掌控之中 （自18世紀）

ignored

正考慮；目前正在處理或解決 （自14世紀）

neglected

正考慮；目前正在處理或解決 （自14世紀）

out of hand

處於掌控之中 （自18世紀）

正考慮；目前正在處理或解決 （自14世紀）

'What have they to do with the matter in hand - the murder on this train?'

“他们和当前的事情——这列火车上的谋杀案——有什么关系？”

1934，Agatha Christie，章號 6, in Murder on the Orient Express [東方快車謀殺案]，London: HarperCollins, 出版於 2017，頁 119:

They form part of the vast electrification and reconstruction schemes which have been in hand for a number of years at Liverpool Street, and in suburban Essex, and include the rearrangement of tracks, of which the Ilford flyover forms part; the modern signal boxes, now needed only at key points; the electric control or sub-stations; and a large electric car shed.

1951 January，R. A. H. Weight，“A Railway Recorder in Essex and Hertfordshire”, in Railway Magazine，頁 44:

（賽程中的比賽）還需要參與，還沒比完 （自19世紀）

At the other end […] the Sounders completed a run that had taken them from 15 points off the lead, to first place in the Supporters Shield standings with two games in hand.


out of hand

more out of hand (comparative)
most out of hand (superlative)

offhand

不假思索地，未經深思熟慮地

不假思索地，未經深思熟慮地

The questions covered ranged from those that could be answered out of hand, through those requiring some thought and at least a second interview, to those which presented matters for further research in theoretical statistics.

所涵盖的问题范围很广，有的可以直接回答，有的需要思考并至少进行第二次访谈，还有的需要用理论统计学进一步研究。

1948，University of Michigan Official Publication.，UM Libraries，頁 175:

I still think that advice is sound, because, if justices do decide a case out of hand on the complainant's case, it is argued, as in the present appeal, that they have ruled, as a matter of law, that there was no case to answer.

1954，Justice of the peace and local government review reports.:


out of hand

Clean things as you go so that the mess does not get out of hand.

边走边清理，以免杂乱的东西失控。

Figueiredo's troops got out of hand and disgraced themselves by mutilating the Spanish dead and wounded on the field of battle.

1892，James Fitzmaurice-Kelly，The life of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra，London Chapman & Hall, 出版於 1892:

Shepard: The Alliance sent me to bring you in, Major. Can't you see this has gotten out of hand? Don't you understand you're endangering your followers?

谢泼德：少校，联盟派我来接你。难道你看不出来事情已经失控了吗？难道你不明白你正在危及你的追随者吗？

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect，Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：Presrop:


advertent

inadvertent 的逆構詞。
源自拉丁語 advertent-、advertens，advertere 的現在分詞，源自動詞 adverto (“注意，留意”)。

more advertent (comparative)
most advertent (superlative)

Is he rich, prosperous, great? yet he continues safe, because he continues humble, watchful, advertent, lest he should be deceived and transported

1828，Matthew Hale, David Young，On the Knowledge of Christ Crucified: And Other Divine Contemplations，頁 227:

There is such thing as advertent negligence in which the harm is foreseen as possible or probable.

存在故意疏忽的情况，即可以预见损害是可能发生的。

Until the 1950s, for judges both the conceptual and terminological identification of advertent risk taking — subjective recklessness — often lay submerged within the amorphous notion of 'malice' [....]

1998，Keith John Michael Smith，Lawyers, Legislators and Theorists: Developments in English Criminal Law，頁 283:


animadvertor

IT was ever my Deſire and Care, if it were poſſible, not to fall under the Pen of the Animadvertor;[…]。

1659，Thomas Fuller，“Why the Author desired and hoped never to come under the Pen of the Animadvertor in a Controversal Difference”, in The Appeal of Iniured Innocence: unto the Religious Learned and Ingenuous Reader. In a Controversie Betwixt the Animadvertor Dr. Peter Heylyn and the Author Thomas Fuller.，London: […] W. Godbid, […], part I，頁 2:

While I hold myself ready to substantiate every charge I have made against Highland depopulating proprietors, be it known that I will pay no attention to anonymous animadvertors; I must know my man.

1857，Donald McLeod，Donald McLeod’s Gloomy Memories in the Highlands of Scotland: Versus Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Sunny Memories in (England) a Foreign Land: or a Faithful Picture of the Extirpation of the Celtic Race from the Highlands of Scotland，Toronto: […] the Author, by Thompson & Co., […]，頁 211:

Cleveland’s animadvertors took the blazon seriously, sacrificing humour to analysis and thus losing the debate:[…]。

1996，Joad Raymond，“Paper Bullets: Newsbooks, Pamphlets, and Print Culture”, in The Invention of the Newspaper: English Newsbooks, 1641–1649，Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN，頁 223:


specifically

more specifically (comparative)
most specifically (superlative)

A provision of law may not be construed as requiring a new grant to be awarded to a specified non-Federal Government entity unless that provision of law (1) specifically refers to this subsection; specifically identifies the particular non-Federal Government entity involved; and (3) specifically states that the award to that entity is required by such provision of law in contravention of the policy set forth in subsection (a).

1994，Congress of the United States，美國 Statutes at Large，卷 108, part 4:

Unless specifically waived by the IRB, all subjects, or their legally authorized representatives, must document that they are consenting to participate in any research project that is approved by the University of North Dakota Institutional Review Board.

除非获得IRB的特别豁免，所有受试者或其法定授权代表必须提供文件证明他们同意参加经北达科他大学机构审查委员会批准的任何研究项目。

2009，Institutional Review Board，Standard Operating Procedures: Informed Consent Documentation，University of North Dakota:

Unless a rule or statute specifically states otherwise, a pleading need not be verified or accompanied by an affidavit.

除非规则或法规另有明确规定，否则诉状无需验证或附有宣誓书。

2010，Congress of the United States，“Rule 11”, in Federal Rules of Civil Procedure:

Many laws are directed specifically at child abuse.

许多法律是专门针对虐待儿童的。

2011，Paul Bergman, Sara Berman，The Criminal Law Handbook: Know Your Rights, Survive the System:


reprobe

reprobes (third-person singular present)
reprobing (present participle)
reprobed (past participle)

重新使用化學探針（通常是在先前的探針被剝離之後）

Nylon membranes are more easily stripped and reprobed.

2001，Alan S. Gerstein，Molecular Biology Problem Solver, →ISBN，頁 433: