medical

You'll have to get a medical before you apply for that job.

你應聘之前，得去做個體檢。

After completing a medical and the requisite paperwork on Tuesday to seal the deal, Di María said: “I am absolutely delighted to be joining Manchester United. I have thoroughly enjoyed my time in Spain and there were a lot of clubs interested in me, but United is the only club that I would have left Real Madrid for.

2014, Jamie Jackson, "Ángel di María says Manchester United were the ‘only club’ after Real", The Guardian, 26 August 2014:

All UK train drivers must undergo a medical every three years up to the age of 54, and annually from then on.

2021年November17日，“Network News: Age-related medical requirements”, in RAIL，期 944，頁 9:


moonscape

In the Australian outback, industrial activity — notably open-pit coal mining — has turned verdant areas into moonscapes seemingly overnight, and the suicide rate in the region has skyrocketed.

2007年December20日，Clive Thompson，“Clive Thompson on How the Next Victim of Climate Change Will Be Our Minds”, in Wired Magazine，期 16.01，存檔自the original on 2013-06-30:

Looking across the recently flattened, desolate moonscape of this former 52-acre Great Western depot and industrial area, south of Willesden Junction in west London, it's hard to imagine it will be home to the UK's largest, busiest and best-connected new railway station since Victorian times.

2020年July15日，Marion Gourlay，“Old Oak Common: no ordinary station”, in Rail，頁 48:


misericord

/ˈmɪzəɹɪkɔː(ɹ)d/

The word misericordia implies an act of mercy but despite its amiable name, it refers to coercing or forcing a spirit to pass through the Gates of Death. In the age of medieval chivalry, knights carried a dagger called the misericorde that was used to strike the coup de grâce upon mortally wounded foes so that they did not have to suffer. The term “misericordia” carries a similar import in necromancy.

2024，Rob Douglas，Nonie Douglas，“Pathways to Resolution” (章號 12), in Unquiet Voices: The Magical Art of Laying Ghosts，Llewellyn Worldwide, →ISBN，頁 223:


melancholy

繼承自中古英語 malencolie，來自古法語 melancolie，來自古希臘語 μελαγχολία (melankholía，“atrabiliousness”)，來自μέλας (mélas)、μελαν- (melan-，“黑色，黑暗，陰暗”) + χολή (kholḗ，“膽汁”)。對照拉丁語 ātra bīlis (“黑膽汁”)。形容詞用法是中古英語的創新，可能受到後綴-y、-ly的影響。

melancholly (alternative)
melancholie (alternative)
melancholious (alternative)
melancholies (plural)

"The ancients referred melancholy to the mind, the moderns make it matter of digestion—to either case my plan applies," said Lady Mandeville.

1831，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 VI, in Romance and Reality. […]，卷 III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC，頁 111:

As to Ernest... He is quite as nervously broken down as I am but it manifests itself in different ways. His inclination is towards megalomania and mine towards melancholy.

1936 Sept. 15, F. Scott Fitzgerald, letter to Beatrice Dance:


melancholy

melancholly (alternative)
melancholie (alternative)
melancholious (alternative)
more melancholy (comparative)
most melancholy (superlative)

Melancholy people don't talk much.

“[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes[…]. And then, when you see [the senders], you probably find that they are the most melancholy old folk with malignant diseases. […]”

1922，Ben Travers，章號 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest:

And then the band slowed the tempo / And the music gets you down / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah / It was the same old song / With a melancholy sound / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah

1981，Greg Kihn, Steve Wright，“The Breakup Song (They Don't Write 'Em)”, in RocKihnRoll，演出者 The Greg Kihn Band:


Peter

繼承自中古英語 Peter，繼承自古英語 Petrus，源自拉丁語 Petrus，源自古希臘語 Πέτρος (Pétros)，源自 πέτρος (pétros，“磐石”)。Pedro、Piers和Boutros 的同源對似詞。

Pet.

新約聖經中彼得的書信、被認為是聖彼得的著作，包含《彼得前書》和《彼得後書》兩部分

Petersboro

普查規定居民點名，位於美國猶他州卡什縣，以彼得·摩翰命名

源自古希臘語的男性人名。

她不認識彼得，但他時不時出現在約翰和麥可的腦海裡，而溫蒂的腦海裡也開始到處亂寫他的名字。這個名字比其他任何單字都更醒目，達林夫人凝視著它，覺得它有一種奇怪的自大。

1911，J. M. Barrie，章號 I, in Peter Pan，Wordsworth Editions Ltd, 出版於 1993:

男孩的名字真棒！ / 卡羅爾就像一輛滾動的汽車，/ 馬丁就像一隻飛翔的小鳥，/ 亞當就像上帝的第一個詞，/ 雷蒙德就像豐收的月亮，/ 彼得就像風笛手的曲調，

1933，Eleanor Farjeon，“Boys' Names”, in Over the Garden Wall，Faber and Faber，頁 90:


been there, done that

為“I have been there and have done that”的省略。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-been there, done that.ogg

been there, done that, bought the T-shirt

斷言說話者對某事/某地有親身經驗、了解，而不想再重複去做

No, I don't wanna go paragliding. Been there, done that. I found it awful.

我才不要去玩滑翔傘。早就玩過了，我不喜歡。

Paragliding? Been there, done that, bought the T-shirt and the video.

滑翔啊？早就玩過了，還買了紀念衫跟錄影。

Huntsman feints at being the Snow White retelling no one has ever seen before, but ultimately becomes the “been there, done that” of fairy-tale filmmaking.

2012年May31日，Tasha Robinson，“Film: Review: Snow White And The Huntsman”, in The A.V. Club:

He looked down at my résumé. “Wow, you interned at The New Yorker. Did you apply there?” ¶ “Nope.” ¶ He looked up. ¶ I gave the line a tug. ¶ “I just felt like, ‘been there, done that,’ you know? Also, I dated a few guys in the office so it would've been awkward.”

2013，Iris Smyles，Iris Has Free Time，Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint, →ISBN，頁 7:


google

googles (third-person singular present)
googling (present participle)
googled (past participle)

Tom googles all of his prospective girlfriends.

"Have fun and keep googling!"

1998年July8日，Larry Page，“Google Search Engine: New Features”, in eGroups，Google Friends Mailing List，存檔自the original on 1999-10-09:

Googling in search of an apology from the former Enron C.E.O. […]

2002年December28日，Bill Keller，“Who's Sorry Now?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, retrieved 2007-06-24，頁 A-19:


objector

"It would be amusing, sir, to shut these various objectors up in a room and let them settle it among themselves."

1926，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，The Land of Mist:


paramecium

來自古希臘語 παραμήκης (paramḗkēs，“橢圓形的”)，來自μῆκος (mêkos，“長的”)。

The sun beats on his eyelids; inside them a paramecium revolves. A blink and it changes pattern like a kaleidoscope.

1983，Robert Drewe，The Bodysurfers，Penguin 2009，頁 144:

Edgar noticed that Clyde was wearing a necktie with a driblet design. The little figures made him think of paramecia, sinister organisms with gullets and feeding grooves.

1997，Don DeLillo，Underworld，2003 edition, →ISBN，頁 560:


percolator

She heard the percolator bell ring.

1986，David Leavitt，The Lost Language of Cranes，第paperback版, Penguin，頁 176:


obsequies

obsequy 的複數；繼承自中古英語 obsequias、obsequies、obsequyes，源自拉丁語 obsequiae。

牛津辭典偏好唯複用法，可以視作英式英語的用法；而韋伯斯特字典則指出了複數用法的普遍性，並給出了該詞的單數和複數形式。

在現代用法中，不應和 obsequious (“諂媚”) 混淆。

A murmur of astonishment ran through the chapel. It was hushed instantly, for, at a sign from Lord Avonleigh, the coffin was carried into the vault; and again the voice of the priest was the only sound, breathing the last and solemn benediction of the mournful obsequies.

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XIX, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 163:


packman

Wildeve was standing with his back to the fireplace smoking a cigar; and the promoter of the raffle, a packman from a distant town, was expatiating upon the value of the fabric as material for a summer dress.

1912，Thomas Hardy，The Return of the Native:

L Beneath love's heavy weight my falt'ring soul Plods, like the packman, o'er life's dusty road.

Magneezhy was in an awful case; if he had been already shot, he could not have looked more clay and corpse-like; so I took up a douce earnest confabulation, while the stramash was drawing to a bloody conclusion, with Mr Harry Molasses, the fourth in the spree, who was standing behind Bloatsheet with a large mahogany box under his arm, something in shape like that of a licensed packman, ganging about from house to house, through the country-side, selling toys and trinkets; or niffering plaited ear-rings, and suchlike, with young lasses, for old silver coins or cracked teaspoons.

1828，David Macbeth Moir，The Life of Mansie Wauch:


perforce

源自中古英語 par force，源自盎格魯-諾曼語，源自古法語 par force (“強迫”)。

"Keep fast thy hold, for by such stairs as these,"
The Master said, panting as one fatigued,
"Must we perforce depart from so much evil."

1882，Henry Wadsworth Longfellow，Inferno, canto 34:

So, bevelling around by Mullett's and the Signal House which they shortly reached, they proceeded perforce in the direction of Amiens street railway terminus

1922 February，James Joyce，“[Episode 16]”, in Ulysses，Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

Accordingly work perforce had to be begun. The first sod was cut at Anley, near Settle, in November, 1869, [...].

1939 July，John D. Hewitt，“Some Notable British Main Lines: 1. Settle and Carlisle, L.M.S.R.”, in Railway Magazine，頁 35:

Adult immigrants must perforce learn some English, and their children are likely to become English monolinguals.

2006，Alejandro Portes, Rubén G. Rumbaut，Immigrant America: A Portrait，第3rd版，頁 239:

The central issue in this case is whether the procedures followed respected the applicants’ family life or constituted an interference with the exercise of the right to respect for family life which could not be justified as necessary in a democratic society. […] It is true that Article 8 contains no explicit procedural requirements, but this is not conclusive of the matter. The relevant considerations to be weighed by a local authority in reaching decisions on children in its care must perforce include the views and interests of the natural parents.

2013年August1日，European Court of Human Rights，A.K. and L. v. Croatia，期 37956/11, marginal 62–63:


okapi

借自姆武巴語 okapi。

Congolese giraffe

㺢㹢狓 （自20世紀早期）

forest giraffe

㺢㹢狓 （自20世紀早期）

zebra giraffe

㺢㹢狓 （自20世紀早期）

㺢㹢狓 （自20世紀早期）

[page 498, column 1] [I]n leading them [African Pygmies] back to the forests where they dwelt, I obtained much information from them on the subject of the horse-like animal which they called the "Okapi." […] [page 499, column 1] The coloration of the Okapi is quite extraordinary. […] The hind quarters, hind and fore legs are either snowy white or pale cream color, touched here and there with orange. They are boldly marked, however, with purple-black stripes and splodges, which give that zebra-like appearance to the limbs of the Okapi that caused the first imperfect account of it to indicate the discovery of a new striped horse.

1901 September，Harry [i.e., Henry] H[amilton] Johnston，“The Okapi: The Newly-discovered Beast Living in Central Africa”, in McClure’s Magazine，卷 XVII, 期 5, New York, N.Y., London: S[amuel] S[idney] McClure Co., →OCLC，頁s 498 and 499:

Personally I esteem it a more fascinating and a more important task to investigate the relations of the Okapi with the Giraffe on the one hand, and its fossil relatives on the other.

1902年November18日，C[harles] I[mmanuel] Forsyth Major，“On a Specimen of the Okapi Lately Received at Brussels”, in Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London，卷 I, London: […] [Zoological] Society [of London]; Messrs. Longmans, Green, and Co., […], →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 344:

Dr. [Cuthbert] Christy adds his testimony to that of his predecessors in the same quest as to the "invisibility" of the okapi, whose markings and coloration—pace Colonel Theodore Roosevelt—so break up the surface of its large body and long legs as to cause it to fuse with the dark-brown, russet, while and yellow-white of the twigs and stems and leaf-stalks amongst which it moves. He also points out that the hoofs of the okapi are so closely pressed together that the footprint is almost like that of the single-toed donkey.

1915年August26日，H[enry] H[amilton] Johnston，“Life Habits of the Okapi”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science，卷 95, 期 2391, London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC，頁 714，列 1:

I also took out a licence to shoot small game, costing fifty francs, which can be obtained on the spot, and under which I was able to shoot all kinds of game, excepting elephants, chimpanzis, gorillas and okapis.

1922 May，T[homas] Alexander Barns，“To the Game-haunted Solitudes of Ruchuru and Ruindi Plains”, in The Wonderland of the Eastern Congo: The Region of the Snow-crowned Volcanoes, the Pygmies, the Giant Gorilla and the Okapi，London, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC，頁 99:


ottoman

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ottoman.wav

This ottoman is set on casters, and is a great convenience for holding articles, while serving also as a seat.

1869，Catherine E. Beecher, Harriet Beecher Stowe，The American Woman’s Home:


progeny

O Progeny of Heaven! Empyreal Thrones!

(Can we date this quote?)，John Milton，Paradise Lost:

Books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a potency of life in them to be as active as that soul was whose progeny they are.

(Can we date this quote?)，John Milton，Areopagitica:

Dante’s progeny among the writers are his true canonizers.

(Can we date this quote?)，Harold Bloom，(請指定書籍名或刊物名):

Issued from the progeny of kings.

(Can we date this quote?)，William Shakespeare，(請指定書籍名或刊物名):


outbuilding

Once they reach the remote farm, Jake insists on giving Lucy a tour of the outbuildings before they go into the house, a tour that includes some lambs that have frozen to death in a barn, and the spot where a pig was eaten alive by maggots.

2020年September1日，Nicholas Barber，“Five stars for I'm Thinking of Ending Things”, in BBC:


odyssey

源自 Odyssey，源自古希臘語 Ὀδυσσεία (Odusseía，“奧德修斯的故事”)。

Many have been sharing cartoons praying for a successful conclusion to the Wild Boar team's odyssey, hoping that it will end in their safe rescue.

2018年July8日，Euan McKirdy, Hilary Whiteman，“Thai cave rescue: Divers enter cave to free boys”, in edition.cnn.com，CNN, retrieved 2018-07-08:


parlance

來自中古英語 *parlaunce，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 parlance、parlaunce，來自parler (“說話”) + -ance。

措辞，特别是谈到工作或兴趣时。

To my childish fancy, it had seemed an imaginary flag-staff, or, in rustic parlance, the "liberty pole" of some former generation […]

We approach the contest, still known in the common parlance of the country, as "the first Pennimite War."

1845，Charles Miner，History of Wyoming, Letter IX:

And without further parlance they fought, […]

1849，Lady Charlotte Guest，The Mabinogion, "Peredur the Son of Evrawc":

The tourist's impression of the country to-day is that of a transported Holland, in which the official language is Dutch and the parlance of the people is "taki-taki."

1909，William Elliot Griffis，The Story of New Netherland, Chapter 22:


outhouse

繼承自中古英語 outhous，等價於 out- + house。對照古諾爾斯語 úthús。

木头隔间的户外厕所（通常粪池上只有一个蹲位），一般为长期建筑

There was a considerable outhouse, which he unlocked and we entered.

1929，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，The Disintegration Machine:

[…] plenty of sand and cement had been found in one of the outhouses

1945年August17日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，章號 6, in Animal Farm […]，London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:


outhouse

outhouses (third-person singular present)
outhousing (present participle)
outhoused (past participle)

In our discussion of outhousing we have tried to take into account the inconvenience to users as well as the potential savings in costs.

1969, Great Britain. National Libraries Committee, Frederick Sydney Dainton, Report of the National Libraries Committee (page 85)

The Information Department is outhoused but there are operational reasons for this and it would, in any case, be physically impossible to house the staff of the Department in the main building.

1975，Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons，Sessional Papers，卷 28，頁 38:


ptomaine

源自法語 ptomaïne，再源自意大利語 ptomaina，最終來自古希臘語 πτῶμα (ptôma，“屍體”)。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ptomaine.wav

On 6 February 2001 the Yaremche Environmental Health Inspectorate (санітарно-епідеміологічна станція) concluded that the cemetery should not have been constructed on the VL [Vorokhtya Lisokombinat] plot in view of its proximity to residential buildings and the risk of contamination of the surrounding environment by ptomaine.

2014年April9日，European Court of Human Rights，Dzemyuk v. Ukraine，期 42488/02, marginal 10:

"There have been cases of ptomaine poisoning from them, haven't there? Mr. Abbott put on a horrified expression.

1940，Agatha Christie，Sad Cypress: A Poirot Mystery，頁 92:

You remember Leonard Skinner. He got ptomaine poisoning last night after dinner.

1963 , Allan Sherman, ‘’Hello Muddah, Hello Fadduh (A Letter from Camp)

That is the place to find the kinds of shikses Who Will Do Anything! If only a person is willing to risk polio from the pool, gangrene from the footbath, ptomaine from the hot dogs, and elephantiasis from the soap and the towels, he might possibly get laid.

1969，Philip Roth，Portnoy’s Complaint，New York: Vintage, 出版於 1994，頁 165:

Sandwiches arrived from outside, strange granular bread, the butter on it liquid, some sort of beige meat paste that hinted at ptomaine.


panegyrical

more panegyrical (comparative)
most panegyrical (superlative)

The days of description (personal and panegyrical) are passing rapidly away.

1831，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XII, in Romance and Reality. […]，卷 II, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC，頁 167:

Birmingham, indeed, has recently been styled "the best governed city in the world"--a title that is, perhaps, a trifle too full and panegyrical to find ready and general acceptance.

1900，Thomas Anderton，A Tale of One City: The New Birmingham:


passage

passages (third-person singular present)
passaging (present participle)
passaged (past participle)

After a spring or two, the horse passaged and reared, and lighting on a flat slab of rock which cropped up in the middle of the road, slipped sideways and fell with a loud crash […]


purslane

來自古法語 porcelaine，可能變自拉丁語 porcilaca (“馬齒莧”)（與portulaca (“馬齒莧”)）有關，參見法語porcelaine (“瓷”)。

purslain (alternative)
purslanes (plural)

ASPARAGUS, cauliflowers, imperial Sileſia, royal and cabbage lettuces, burnet, purſlain, cucumbers, naſturtian flowers, peaſe and beans ſown in October, artichokes, ſcarlet ſtrawberries, and kidney beans.

1767，A Lady [Hannah Glasse]，The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Eaſy […] ，頁 326:

西伯利亚春美草，pink purslane (Claytonia sibirica)


oscillograph

With Dr. Ewing brainstorming and Dr. Worzel leading the designers, the team slapped together precursors of more precisely manufactured measuring devices: a camera to take photos thousands of feet below the ocean’s surface, with a coffee-can lid for a flash reflector and a thick, diner-style drinking glass as its casing; a seismograph timed by a modified railroad pocket watch; an oscillograph, to record electrical changes, run by a motor from a toy electric train.

2009年January26日，Dennis Hevesi，“J. Lamar Worzel, Expert on Ocean’s Depths, Dies at 89”, in New York Times:


rubbing

繼承自中古英語 rubbinge、rubbynge，等價於 rub + -ing。

He was delighted to come across a little-worn crest of the old Great Eastern Railway, never dreaming that such a relic would still be in use, and was taking a pencil-rubbing to add to his collection.

1951 April，R. S. McNaught，“Railway Enthusiasts”, in Railway Magazine，期 600，頁 271:


photovoltaic

But the truly impressive part of this entry is the photovoltaic film that has been applied to the platform and entrance roofs (all 272 square metres of it). It is a UK first for the railway, and is expected to generate 36kW of electricity to meet the needs of the station itself and to feed the surplus back to the grid.

2021年September22日，“National Rail Awards 2021: Denmark Hill Station Enhancement Project”, in RAIL，期 940，頁 39:


reckoning

reckon的動名詞，來自reckon + -ing。對照荷蘭語 rekening、德語 Rechnung。

By that reckoning, it would take six weeks to go five miles.

按此推算，走五哩路要花上六個星期。

So saying, he called for a reckoning for the wine, and throwing down the price of the additional bottle which he had himself introduced, rose as if to take leave of us.

The research presented in this paper is the most comprehensive and up-to-date reckoning of an expanding set of portmanteau terms based on the word English.

2018，James Lambert，“A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide，頁 18:


overdose

overdoses (third-person singular present)
overdosing (present participle)
overdosed (past participle)

/ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈdəʊs/

They still had Sergio Agüero to bring off the bench and the Etihad was overdosing on optimism. For the game to finish with an aggregate 5-1 score distorts the fact the occasion was full of drama and suspense until Salah’s goal conclusively changed the complexion of the evening.

2018年April10日，Daniel Taylor，“Liverpool go through after Mohamed Salah stops Manchester City fightback”, in The Guardian (London):


register

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tə/

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tɚ/

When the microprocessor decodes the JSR opcode, it stores the operand into the TEMP register and pushes the current contents of the PC ($00 0128) onto the stack.

當微處理器解碼 JSR 操作碼時，會將操作碼儲存到 TEMP 暫存器，並將 PC 的目前內容 ($00 0128) 推入堆疊。

1992，Michael A. Miller，The 68000 Microprocessor Family: Architecture, Programming, and Applications，頁 47:

If you can trace back through the disassembly to where the variable is first loaded into a register, you can often discover its value or its address by inspecting that register.

2014，Jason Gregory，Game Engine Architecture, Second Edition，頁 90:

同類詞：lect

We rewrote certain communications templates to use a more formal register.

It seems equally clear that the ‘Complement + Prepositionʼ order illustrated in (172) (a) is likewise highly marked, and hence subject to heavy restrictions on its use. And sure enough, this does indeed seem to be the case: for one thing, forms such as thereafter, herein, whereby are stylistically highly marked (e.g. they are only used in particular registers such as legal language).

1988，Andrew Radford，章號 5, in Transformational grammar: a first course，Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press，頁 275:

While e-memos are less formal than the memos discussed [above], they still need to be professional in appearance and in register, that is, in the level of formality.

2021，Laurel Currie Oates, Anne Enquist, Jeremy Francis，章號 19, in The Legal Writing Handbook: Analysis, Research, and Writing (8th Edition)，Wolters Kluwer，頁 278:


register

registers (third-person singular present)
registering (present participle)
registered (past participle)

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tə/

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tɚ/

Tottenham, who lost William Gallas to injury before the end, struggled to find any sort of response and did not register a single shot on target.

2011年November3日，Chris Bevan，“Rubin Kazan 1 - 0 Tottenham”, in BBC Sport [BBC體育]:

In every way dinner proved up beyond my expectations, and I registered a note that the cook, whoever or whatever he might be, was a capable man at his trade.

晚餐的各個方面都超出了我的預期，我記下了廚師的名字，不論他是誰，都是一個能幹的人。

1914，Jack London，章號 VII, in The Mutiny of the Elsinore:


baleen

來自中古英語 baleyne，來自古法語 baleine (“鯨、鯨鬚”)，來自拉丁語 balaena (“鯨”)，來自古希臘語 φάλαινα (phálaina，“鯨”)。

“You have probably never seen anything like this before, Mr. Toler. It is baleen, or if you prefer it, whalebone, taken from the mouth of the bowhead whale. It is used by the whale to filter its food.”

1954，Alexander Alderson，章號 5, in The Subtle Minotaur:

Scammon estimates the number of baleens killed in the years 1835-72 at 131,000; once again, his figure needs to be adjusted.

2007，Lance E. Davis，In Pursuit of Leviathan: Technology, Institutions, Productivity, and Profits:

The Balene is a fishe great and huge, much like to the Whale, and is so called, because of his outcasting and shedding of water, for they throwe water higher then other great fishes of the sea.


Rhadamanthus

源自拉丁語，源自古希臘語 Ῥαδάμανθυς (Rhadámanthus)。

/ˌɹæ.dəˈmæn.θəs/

It was in vain to be a Rhadamanthus with the bells, and if an unfortunate bell rang without leave, to have it down inexorably and silence it.


resentment

“I Love Lisa” opens with one of my favorite underappreciated running jokes from The Simpsons: the passive-aggressive, quietly contentious relationship of radio jocks Bill and Marty, whose mindless happy talk regularly gives way to charged exchanges that betray the simmering resentment and disappointment perpetually lingering just under the surface of their relationship.

2102年August5日，Nathan Rabin，“TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, in AV Club:

It is a greater wonder that so many of them die, with so little resentment of their danger.

The Council taking notice of the many good services performed by Mr. John Milton […] have thought fit to declare their resentment and good acceptance of the same.


rhetoric

繼承自中古英語 rethorik、rhetoric，來自古法語 rhetorique，來自拉丁語 rhētorica，來自古希臘語 ῥητορική (rhētorikḗ)，ῥητορικὴ τέχνη (rhētorikḕ tékhnē)的省略，來自ῥητορικός (rhētorikós，“關於公共演說”)，來自ῥήτωρ (rhḗtōr，“公共演說家”)。

Transport Minister Marples, meanwhile, used arrogant rhetoric and showed his personal contempt for railways when confirming in Parliament that a third of the network was to be closed even before the survey results were known.

2023年March8日，Howard Johnston，“Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL，期 978，頁 53:


rummy

rummier (comparative)
rummiest (superlative)

“You say rummy things and you do rummy things. What I mean to say is, you're impulsive.”

1920，P. G. Wodehouse，Jill the Reckless，頁 28:


rummy

No one has forgotten Frank Dodd, the crossing guard who went crazy here twelve years ago and killed those women, and they haven't forgotten the dog, either, the one that came down with rabies and killed Joe Camber and the old rummy down the road from him.


pomegranate

石榴（意思1）
石榴樹（意思2）
名詞衍生自中古英語 pome-garnet、pome-garnete、pome garnate、pome granat、pome-granate (“石榴果；石榴樹；石榴種子(?)”) [以及其他形式]，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 pome gernate、pomme gernette、中古法語 pomme granade、pomme granate、pomme grenade、和古法語 pome grenade、pome grenate、pomme grenate [以及其他形式] (現代法語 grenade)，可能來自意大利語 pomogranato、pomo granato (雖然是後來才被證實)，和其他可能的說法：
* 來自意大利語 pomo (“果實、梨果；蘋果”) + 拉丁語 (mālum) grānātum、(mālo)grānātum (“石榴”)；或
* 直接來自中世紀拉丁語 pōmum garnātum、pōmum grānātum (“石榴”)，來自拉丁語 pōmum (“果實；果樹”) + grānātum (“石榴”)。Pōmum的源頭可能衍生自原始印歐語 *h₂po-h₁ém-os (“脫下”) (摘除植物的意思上)，來自*h₂epó (“離開；關閉”) + *h₁em- (“分發；拿”)；然而grānātum是衍生自grānātus (“有一些穀物或種子”)，來自grānum (“穀物、種子、小果仁”) (可能源頭來自原始印歐語 *ǵerh₂- (“成熟，老成”) + *-nós (動詞性形容詞後綴)) + -ātus (表示從名詞擁有某種質量或事物的形容詞後綴)。
形容詞衍生自名詞。

/ˈpɒmɪ(ˌ)ɡɹænɪt/

/ˈpɑmɪˌɡɹænɪt/

/ˈpɑməˌɡɹænət/

/ˈpɑmˌɡɹænət/

Here the blue fig with luſcious juice o'erflows, / With deeper red the full pomegranate glows, / The branch here bends beneath the weighty pear, / And verdant olives flouriſh round the year.

1725，Homer, [Alexander Pope], transl.，“Book VII”, in The Odyssey of Homer. […]，卷 II, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC，頁 106，行s 148–151:

The seeds of the pomegranate, for example, were widely used to prevent conception in the ancient world and they are still used in India, East Africa, and the Pacific.

2001, Vern L. Bullough (editor), Herbal Contraceptives and Abortifacients, Encyclopedia of Birth Control, page 125

Persephone is taken to the underworld by Hades to be his queen. She willingly eats a seed of pomegranate and is forced to spend every winter with her husband in the land of the dead, symbolizing the yearly decay and revival of vegetation. […] In Judaism, the number of seeds in a pomegranate is said to be the exact number of mitzvah, or spiritual duties required of a devout Jew.

2005, Payam Nabarz, The Mysteries of Mithras: The Pagan Belief That Shaped the Christian World, page 79,

The pomegranate is a subtropical fruit about the size of a large apple.

2006, Wayne Gisslen, Professional Cooking, College Version, page 683,

The grilled leeks are then drizzled with a gorgeous, ruby-red pomegranate vinaigrette.

2011, David Joachim, Fire It Up: 40 Recipes for Grilling Everything, page 310,


prisoner

繼承自中古英語 prisoner，來自古法語 prisonier (對照中世紀拉丁語 prisōnārius)，等同於prison + -er。

任何違反其意願而被囚禁的人

Captain Edward Carlisle, soldier as he was, martinet as he was, felt a curious sensation of helplessness seize upon him as he met her steady gaze, her alluring smile ; he could not tell what this prisoner might do.

1910，Emerson Hough，章號 I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise，Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:


rooftop

there may be snow on the rooftop but there is fire in the furnace

Why do you think the rooftop of their apartment building is called "tar beach"? (Answers may vary.)

1993，Liz Rothlein，Multicultural Books for Primary Grades:

Riding the District west of Hammersmith, you immediately know something exciting is coming up, because at Ravenscourt Park you are level with the rooftops.

2012，Andrew Martin，Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube，Profile Books, ISBN 978-1846684777，頁s 79–80:

The house itself was a mound of red baked bricks and a tin rooftop.

2012，Ernest Alanki，The Chocolate Shop Perverts:


pope

源自中古英語 pope，popa，源自古英語 pāpa，源自通俗拉丁語 papa (牧師和主教的頭銜，到 8 世紀只有羅馬主教)，源自早期中古希臘語 παπᾶς (papâs，牧師和主教的頭銜，尤其是公元 3 世紀的亞歷山大主教)，源自後期 古希臘語 πάπας (pápas，牧師和主教的稱號，意為精神之父)，源自πάππας (páppas，“爸爸”)。

cleric

羅馬天主教羅馬主教的榮譽稱號，他是教會的神父和領袖，也是梵蒂岡城國的君主。

do not sit in Rome and strive with the Pope

在英語用法中，這個術語最初通常是指羅馬主教，儘管這個埃及頭銜實際上更為古老。在科普特教會內，亞歷山大牧首通常被稱為教皇~;在東正教內部，其獨特的亞歷山大牧首正式被稱為“亞歷山大教皇”，但通常僅在禮拜儀式和官方文件中才這樣稱呼。

Alca genus; 6 species, including the razorbill, the penguin, the pope, and others.

Alca 屬；6 個物種，包括刀嘴海雀、企鵝、大西洋海鸚和其他物種。

1759，“Linnæus's Systema Naturæ”, in The Gentleman's Magazine，頁 456:

The Pope: This is a very singular bird; it is about the size of our widgeon, or somewhat larger, but is not quite so large as the duck: the head is large and rounded; the eyes are small, and stand forward on the head, and lower down than in the generality of birds [...]

1773，John Hill，“Alca”, in A General Natural History，卷 3，頁 442:

"About a hundred yards further North" says Troutbeck, "is a 'subterraneous' cavern called the Pope's Hole, about fifty fathoms under the ground, into which the sea flows, so called from a sort of bird which roosts in it by night, about ninety feet high above the level of the water."!! [...] It derives its name from its being a place of shelter to some puffins, vulgo "popes".

1822，George Woodley，A view of the present state of the Scilly Islands，頁s 264–5:

The Norsemen catch great numbers of these popes, parrots, or lunder, as they are variously named, and train dogs to go into the holes where the puffin has its nest, lying in it with feet in the air.

1864，Charles Issac Elton，Norway: The Road and the Fell，頁 94:

I was informed by a fisherman that there were now hundreds of gannets in the channel off Plymouth, and that he had also met with some puffins (which he called "popes")

1874，J. Van Voorst，Zoologist: A Monthly Journal of Natural History，頁 3904:

The Pope is of a bright blue round the head; on the throat it is of a fine red, and on the back of a gold green colour, it sings very finely and is the size of a canary bird.

1771，M. Bossu，Travels Through that Part of North America Formerly Called Louisiana，卷 1，頁 371:

The birds [of Louisiana] are the partridge, cardinal and pope, and a species of mocking bird, called the nightingale.

1806，Berquin-Duvallon，Travels in Louisiana and the Floridas, in the Year, 1802: Giving a Correct Picture of Those Countries，頁 122:

[...] some others, such as the crow, the heron, and the wild goose, which are found in Europe, I also observed ; but the most beautiful are the pope bird, whose head seems bound with the most bright azure blue, and the cardinal, being entirely of dazzling scarlet [...]

1821，Édouard de Montulé，A Voyage to North America, and the West Indies in 1817，頁 54:

From the sketch of the bird which you have sent us, there is no doubt about its being the Pope Grosbeak, which is a species of the Cardinal, but not the crested one.

1864年August6日，The Journal of Horticulture, Cottage Gardener, and Country Gentleman，頁 100:

The Pope is a native of Brazil, and the female (it is altogether incongrouous to think of a lady pontiff) exactly resembles her mate.

1883，William Thomas Greene，The amateur's aviary of foreign birds: or, How to keep and breed foreign birds，頁 96:

SIR,—I should be glad to learn how to treat Pope birds (Crestless Cardinals) when nesting.

1895，A. A. Thom，“Dominican cardinals”, in The Avicultural Magazine，頁 128:

Besides the Bicheno's Finches in this Class, the judge disqualified, in other Classes, a pair of Magpie Mannikins and a pair of Popes. These entries were presumably all disqualified on the ground that they were not true pairs: they are all birds in which the outward differences between the sexes (if there be any outward difference at all) are of an extremely slight and uncertain nature.

The wisest plan is always to keep the Pope Cardinal in an aviary, and to have only one pair to each aviary.

1956，Foreign birds for cage and aviary，卷 4，頁 20:


pope

Pope (alternative)
popes (third-person singular present)
poping (present participle)
poped (past participle)

Paul popith Jolyly, that woll desire the worlde to pray for the kinges apeyrement.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1537, T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman, Life & Lett. Cromwell (1902), II. 89

Vrban the eight, that now Popeth it.

1624，R. Montagu，Gagg for New Gospell?, xiii. 95:

He would pope it in his own way, God guiding him.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

I saw where the Pope poped and where the pigeons flocked. Pretty interesting if you're Catholic and like pigeons.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1989 September 24, Los Angeles Times, iii. 22/1


pope

與 bishop (“熱紅酒和香料酒”)類似。

任何被認為與主教酒相似且更勝一籌的熱紅酒（傳統上包括託卡伊酒）。

When made with Burgundy or Bordeaux, the mixture was called Bishop; when with old Rhenish, its name was Cardinal; and when with Tokay, it was dignified with the title of Pope.

1855，C. W. Johnson，Farmer's & Planter's Encycl. Rural Affairs，出版於 1157, section 1:

‘Pope’, i.e. mulled burgundy, is Antichristian, from no mere Protestant point of view.

1920，G. Saintsbury，Notes on Cellar-bk., xi. 162:

Pope, a spiced drink made from tokay..., ginger, honey and roasted orange.

1965，O. A. Mendelsohn，Dict. Drink, section 264:

Many of these hot drinks have clerical names—Bishop being a type of mulled port, Cardinal using claret, and Pope Champagne.


pope

源自俄語 поп (pop)，源自古教會斯拉夫語 попъ (popŭ)，源自 中古希臘語 παπᾶς (papâs) 如上所述。

pop的另一種寫法，一名俄羅斯東正教牧師。

The other Ecclesiastical Orders are distinguish'd into Proto-popes, Popes, (or Priests) and Deacons.

1662，A. Olearius，譯者 J. Davies, Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors, section 139:

Every priest is called pope, which implies father.

1756，Compend. Authentic & Entertaining Voy., V. 202:

In the non-Roman rites diocesan priests are often referred to as popes.

1996 September 20, Daily Telegraph, 25/5


pope

The Whipperwill has so named itself by its nocturnal songs. It is also called the pope, by reason of its darting with great swiftness, from the clouds almost to the ground, and bawling out Pope!

1781，S. Peters，Gen. Hist. Connecticut, section 257:

Common Nighthawk... Pope (Conn[ecticut]. From the sound made by its wings while dropping through the air).

1956，Massachusetts Audubon Soc. Bull., 40 81:


begrudge

繼承自中古英語 bigrucchen (“對...發牢騷”)，等同於be- (“在，對，向”) + grudge。對照英語 begrouch。

begrudges (third-person singular present)
begrudging (present participle)
begrudged (past participle)

Okay, then, next time you go and leave me stay here. See if I begrudge you a little fun.

1958 May，Avram Davidson，“Or All The Seas With Oysters”, in Galaxy Science Fiction，卷 16, 號 1，頁 50:

A defeat would have been harsh on the Gunners, especially after an improved rearguard action in the second half, but few could begrudge the German side a point from a match they dominated for long spells.

2011年September13日，Sam Lyon，“Borussia Dortmund 1 - 1 Arsenal”, in BBC:


parakeet

來自中古法語 perroquet，可能是人名Pierre的指小詞；一些異體形或許經由意大利語 parrocchetto、西班牙語 periquito。

paroquet (alternative)
parrakeet (alternative)
parroket (alternative)
parroquet (alternative)
perokito (alternative)
parakeets (plural)

作為寵物養的在大英國協會員中則稱為“budgie”或“budgerigar”。

we had loved them for our pastimes, as we do apes, monkies, or perokitoes, and not as man.

1603，Michel de Montaigne，章號 8, in John Florio（譯者）, The Essayes […]，book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

According to one legend, the parakeets escaped from the set of The African Queen, John Huston's 1951 film made at Shepperton studios.

2009, Patrick Barkham, The Guardian, 12 Oct 2009:


bibliomania

To collect books indiscriminately tends to develop the dread bibliomania.

1922，P. B. M. Allan，The Book-Hunter at Home，第2nd版, London: Philip Allan & Co.，頁 58:


restaurant

借自法語 restaurant，為restaurer的現在分詞，對應拉丁語 restaurans, restaurantis，restauro (“恢復”)的現在分詞，源自第一家餐廳提供的“使精力恢復”湯的名稱。

That Italian restaurant serves some of the best food I've ever had in my life.

那家意大利餐廳做的菜是我這輩子吃到過最好的。

By one o'clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country.

1935，George Goodchild，章號 5, in Death on the Centre Court:


pickled

more pickled (comparative)
most pickled (superlative)

But Richmond[…]appeared to lose himself in his own reflections. Some pickled crab, which he had not touched, had been removed with a damson pie; and his sister saw[…]that he had eaten no more than a spoonful of that either.

1959，Georgette Heyer，章號 1, in The Unknown Ajax:


pheasant

繼承自中古英語 fesaunt、fesant，來自古法語 fesan，來自拉丁語 phāsiānus，來自古希臘語 φᾱσιανός (phāsianós)，意思是 「Φᾶσις (Phâsis) 河的[鳥]」，據推測，鳥從那裡向西傳播。取代本土的古英語 wōrhana，mōrhana的變體。參見moorhen。

The ſpring diſplaying her elegant taſte, the proud walk of the gold-feathered pheaſant, the light tread of the ſmall-hoofed hind, and the dancing of the ſtar-trained peacock, infuſed joy into the ſoul of the ſpectator of the aſtoniſhing works of the Creator.

1769，Firishta，譯者 Alexander Dow, Tales translated from the Persian of Inatulla of Delhi，卷 I, Dublin: P. and W. Wilson et al.，頁 v:

Or sometimes, passing too near a sequestered copse, the shy tenants were startled, and the superb plumage of the pheasant dashed aside the branches, and the stately bird soared up on rattling wing.

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XI, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 80:

Tables were laid with cold pheasant, watercressy finger foods, sweets sufficient to give the Greater Raleigh Area sugar shock.

1989，Allan Gurganus，“Black, White, and Lilac”, in Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All，New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN, book two (Time Does That)，頁 231:

Célestin Lainé sat on the edge of the bed, a tray on his lap, eating pheasant and roast vegetables with a red wine reduction.

塞莱斯汀·莱内坐在床边，腿上放着一个托盘，吃着雉鸡肉和烤蔬菜，还喝了红酒。

2013，Stuart Neville，章號 30, in Ratlines，New York, N.Y.: Soho Crime, →ISBN，頁 158:

Bring a dish of berries with cream to me there. Bread, too. And a slice of pheasant.

给我拿一盘奶油浆果。还有面包。还有一片雉鸡肉。

2015，Shauna Roberts，章號 41, in Ice Magic, Fire Magic，Overland Park, Kan.: Hadley Rille Books, →ISBN，頁 266:


blasphemy

繼承自中古英語 blasfemye，來自古法語 blasfemie，來自教會拉丁語 blasphēmia，來自古希臘語 βλασφημία (blasphēmía，“褻瀆”)，來自βλασφημέω (blasphēméō，“誹謗”)。

That imam said that drawing the prophet Muhammad is a form of blasphemy.

那名伊瑪目稱，描繪穆罕穆德的樣子是一種褻瀆。

Had God cancelled His everlasting Covenant with Israel? The mere thought was blasphemy! But what did God's silence and the present dark cloud mean?

1920，John Rougier Cohu，The Bible and Modern Thought，頁 325:

Look, I don't think it ought to be blasphemy, just saying "Jehovah".

你看，他只是說了“耶和華”而已，我不覺得他是要褻瀆。

1979，Monty Python's Life of Brian，spoken by Matthias (John Young):

Shepard: What happened to those other Alliance officers? The ones who came before me?
Major Kyle: They wanted to take me away from here! They wanted me to abandon this place. Turn my back on my family. They spoke blasphemy!
Major Kyle: I did what I could to make their end quick and painless. I had no other choice. It was necessary to protect my children. Only I can keep them safe.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：Presrop:

The fundamentalists in that religion hold that such views are blasphemy and that religion is above criticism.

2009，Francis，Business Ethics，Tata McGraw-Hill Education, →ISBN，頁 139:

對不可侵犯事物的不敬行為

Some historical information is given on the Panormo family of guitar makers and a whole chapter is called, "Maccaferri's 'Monstrosity'," the name given Julian's Maccaferri guitar due to the blasphemy of its having more than six strings, […]

1999，American Lutherie: The Quarterly Journal of the Guild of American Luthiers:

The market has responded well to this type of packaging [wine in cardboard containers], even if some consider it near blasphemy, and it has had a role in bringing wine to the younger generation and to social classes intimidated by the high price of many bottled products.

2004，Touring Club of Italy，The Italian Wine Guide: The Definitive Guide to Touring, Sourcing and Tasting，Touring Editore, →ISBN，頁 149:

I know this is utter blasphemy and completely incomprehensible to developers and power users who love their keyboard shortcuts, but some people just love having buttons on their screens with the exact name of their function written on them.

2015，Benjamin V. Root，Interactive Applications Using Matplotlib，Packt Publishing Ltd, →ISBN，頁 89:


bason

To proceed therefore, put a looking-glass into a bason of water; I suppose you shall not see the image in a right line, or at equal angles, but aside.

1631，Francis [Bacon]，“(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […]，第3rd版, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

Not a moment could be lost: the very sheets were kindling. I rushed to his bason and ewer; fortunately, one was wide and the other deep, and both were filled with water.

1847, Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, 1st edition, chapter XV, page 297

[...] on July 16, 1790, a public meeting [...] unanimously approved of a scheme for making the River Soar navigable from Leicester to Loughborough, and "a cut or rail-way from Swannington and the neighbourhood to the bason at Loughborough."

1939 July，Charles E. Lee，“Swannington: One-Time Railway Centre”, in Railway Magazine，頁 3:


redneck

由 red + neck 組成。對照rooinek。原先指的是脖子發紅的農民，他們因為長時間在田裡勞作，脖子被曬傷而發紅。

尤指美國南部及中西部、東北部部分地區

Sample a look back you look and find / Nothing but rednecks for 400 years if you check

1989，“Fight the Power”, in Fear of a Black Planet，演出者 Public Enemy:


bureaucracy

bureau + -cracy，來自法語 bureaucratie，由雅克·克勞德·瑪麗·文森特·德古納所創的新詞，來自bureau (“官方”) + -cratie (“規則”)。

bureaucratie (alternative)
bureau-ocracy (alternative)
burocracy (alternative)
bureaucracies (plural)

/bjʊəˈɹɒkɹəsi/

/bjʊˈɹɑːkɹəsi/

However, when Britain left the European Union, ferries started to ply a direct sea link from Ireland, to save hauliers from custom's bureaucracy of driving via Britain.

2021年December29日，Philip Haigh，“Rail's role in unifying Great Britain and Northern Ireland”, in RAIL，期 947，頁 25:

The head of the civil service promised to clamp down on bureaucracy.

公务员系统的负责人承诺要打击官僚主义。

"If we can capture anything from this awful situation, it is that ability to trust people to do certain things for themselves and to look out for each other, and to give them the tools to do their job as well as they can without having to go through endless bureaucracy to achieve it, which very often just delays and dilutes and doesn't add much value.

2020年May20日，Andrew Haines talks to Stefanie Foster，“Repurpose rail for the 2020s”, in Rail，頁 35:


barcarole

借自法語 barcarolle，源自威尼斯語 barcaroƚa (“船夫唱的歌”)，源自 barca (“樹皮、駁船、船”),最終源自埃及語 bꜣjr (“運輸船；一種魚”)。

/ˈbɑːkəɹəʊl/

/ˌbɑːkəˈɹəʊl/

/ˈbɑɹkəˌɹoʊl/

船歌（威尼斯船夫搖貢多拉所唱的歌曲）（自18世紀晚期起）

Venice! dear beautiful Venice! scene of harmony and love! where all was gayety and mirth, revelry and pleasure, with what warm feelings do I recall thee to my memory; day and night were the gondoliers singing barcarolles, or the verses of [Torquato] Tasso and [Ludovico] Ariosto to Venetian airs; […]

1826，Michael Kelly, [Theodore Edward Hook]，Reminiscences of Michael Kelly, of the King’s Theatre, and Theatre Royal Drury Lane, including a Period of Nearly Half a Century; with Original Anecdotes of Many Distinguished Persons, Political, Military, and Musical，New York, N.Y.: Printed by J. & J. Harper, 327 Pearl-Street, for E[vert Augustus] Duyckinck, Collins and Hannay, Collins & Co., W. B. Gilley, H. I. Megary, A. T. Goodrich, and G. & C. Carvill, →OCLC，頁 90:

In Venice! This night is so delicious—its air / Full of moonlight and passionate snatches of song, […] / —with a song full of dole, / A forlorn barcarole, / As my gondola glides.

1867 February，“Aureolus Paracelsus”，“In a Gondola. (Suggested by Mendelssohn’s Andante in G Minor, Book I., Lied 6, of the ‘Lieder ohne Worten.’)”, in The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science, and Art，卷 V, 期 2 (New Series), New York, N.Y.: Published at No. 5 Beekman Street, →OCLC, stanza I，頁 174:

船歌（模仿上述歌曲創作的音樂）（自18世紀晚期起）

A Barcarolle, with variations for the Pianoforte and flute, ad lib. by [Jean Théodore] Latour, opens with an introduction of great feeling and elegance. The Barcarolle is composed by [Jacques Féréol] Mazas, the great violinist, and has been played by him at the Philharmonic Concerts, and is original and graceful.

1822 May，“Report of Music”, in The London Magazine，卷 V, 期 XXIX, London: Printed for Taylor and Hessey, 93, Fleet-Street, →OCLC，頁 492:

But perhaps the best airs are those of Italy (particularly the Venetian) and Spain. […] The bolero, the barcarole, the canzonetta, and romance, have all the gaiety, softness, tenderness, and chivalry, which we associate with the troubadours, the gay squires, and sprightly dames, of the early ages of poetry and music.

1824，“A Collection of Admired Italian, French, German, Spanish, and English Songs, with a Progressive Accompaniment for the Spanish Guitar; by George Hervey Derwort. Nos. 1 to 13. London. Gow and Son.”, in The Quarterly Musical Magazine and Review，卷 VI, London: Sold by Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 47, Paternoster-Row, →OCLC，頁s 547–548:

Later in the evening Mr. [Anton] Rubinstein played his smaller pieces, such as the march from "The Ruins of Athens," his own "Barcarolle," and "Valse Caprice," and the enthusiasm and appreciation of his intelligent audience grew greater and greater.

1895 February，William Steinway，“William Steinway’s Reminiscences of Rubinstein”, in Music. A Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Art, Science, Technic and Literature of Music，卷 VII, Chicago, Ill.: Music Magazine Publishing Company, →OCLC，頁 395:


bareback

一種被作為肉類的鳥，沒有羽毛

Buyers discount many broiler flocks by from one to five cents a pound due to barebacks, but the loss to the industry does not end there. Barebacked broilers slow down the pickers in the dressing plants which results in a loss in labor.


reassuring

more reassuring (comparative)
most reassuring (superlative)

/ɹiːəˈʃɔːɹɪŋ/

The face which emerged was not reassuring. It was blunt and grey, the nose springing thick and flat from high on the frontal bone of the forehead, whilst his eyes were narrow slits of dark in a tight bandage of tissue. […].

1963，Margery Allingham，章號 17, in The China Governess:

It was reassuring to be back in the regent's warm embrace.

1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus 2010, p. 95:


bats

more bats (comparative)
most bats (superlative)

You must be bats to go out in the cold without a coat on.

在寒冷的天氣裡不穿外套，你一定是瘋了。

"Don't be so bats, Binns! Why should anyone want to pinch just one boot?"
"He might have been a chap with only one leg."

1952，Anthony Buckeridge，Jennings and Darbishire:


businessman

來自business + -man。取代早期的merchant，源頭來自拉丁語 mercāns (“商人，購買者”)。

I'm not a businessman, I'm a business, man

2005，“Diamonds From Sierra Leone (Remix)”, in Late Registration，演出者 Kanye West ft. Jay-Z:


blitzkrieg

非同化借詞，源自德語 Blitzkrieg (字面意思是“閃電似的戰爭”)。

I rode a tank, held a general's rank / When the Blitzkrieg raged and the bodies stank

1968，Keith Richards, Mick Jagger （作曲作詞）, “Sympathy for the Devil”, in Beggars Banquet，演出者 Rolling Stones:


buttering

塗奶油的動作 將奶油抹在某物上

It is interesting that the sentences that Davidson uses in his arguments for events are all about genuine flesh and blood events: butterings of toast, explosions of boilers, raisings of arms, kickings of Shem and Sean and the like.

1986，R. Barcan Marcus, G. J. W. Dorn, P. Weingartner，Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science VII:


repeatedly

more repeatedly (comparative)
most repeatedly (superlative)

He repeatedly violated the court order, and shall now be punished.

他多次违反法庭命令，现在应该受到惩罚。

Scotland had the territory and the momentum, forcing England into almost twice as many tackles and rattling them repeatedly at set-pieces.

2011年October1日，Tom Fordyce，“Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport:

Since 2017, the DfT has "repeatedly altered the scope of the TRU [TransPennine Route Upgrade] to meet differing ministerial priorities and budget constraints", says the NAO [National Audit Office].

2022年August10日，Mel Holley，“Network News: Question marks over TransPennine upgrade spending”, in RAIL，期 963，頁 24:


bearable

A joint cause is neither necessary nor sufficient for an effect—for example, any one of six pallbearers is a joint cause of carrying a coffin bearable by four.

2015，Andrew Chignell, Terence Cuneo, Matthew C. Halteman，Philosophy Comes to Dinner: Arguments About the Ethics of Eating:


pentagram

來自古希臘語 πεντάγραμμον (pentágrammon)，形容詞πεντάγραμμος (pentágrammos)和πεντέγραμμος (pentégrammos，“五條邊的，五條線的”)的名詞形式。等同於penta- + gram。

pentagramme (alternative)
pentagrams (plural)

Prove that the circles so belonging to the 6 pentagrams formed by 6 lines meet in a point, and so on; the series of theorems being interminable.

1871, W. J. C. Miller (editor), Mathematical Questions and Solutions, Volume XV, page 47,

The passive pentagrams of spirit are drawn first in the quarters of the passive elements—water and earth—and likewise followed by the appropriate traditional elemental pentagram.

2007，Christopher Penczak，The Temple of High Witchcraft: Ceremonies, Spheres, and the Witches' Qabalah，頁 345:

Four figures involve 12 pentagrams arranged as in the faces of a dodecahedron with their vertices touching.


pleasantry

Charlie Mulgrew could easily have been shown two yellow cards by a stricter referee and amid all the usual Anglo-Scottish pleasantries, the two sets of fans put an awful lot of effort into trying to drown out one another’s national anthems.


pitching

All this testifies to that yearning for green fields and rural sports which a life amidst bricks, pavements and pitching-stones


phobia

约1790年，来自一系列以-phobia结尾的词，来自古希臘語 φόβος (phóbos，“恐惧”)。对比ism，来自-ism，itis，来自-itis，以及ana，来自-ana。

phobias (plural)
phobiae (plural)
phobiæ (plural)

Some patients have the phobia of light, and others have the phobia of darkness. Another common aversion is that of high places. The phobiac of this type can not sit in the gallery […]

For as interviewer Than Win Htut expressed it, “misunderstandings about, and phobia of, gay life and homosexuality are very common in Burma.” Than Win Htut went on to observe that in Burma[…]

2009 06，Michael G. Peletz，Gender Pluralism: Southeast Asia Since Early Modern Times，Routledge, →ISBN，頁 162:

:Template:seeMoreCites


pitter-patter

Once or twice I heard a faint pitter-patter like the feet of the dog going hither and thither on the sand far below me, and there were more bird-like sounds, but that was all.

1898，H.G. Wells，The War of the Worlds，London: William Heinemann，頁 237:


platonize

platonizes (third-person singular present)
platonizing (present participle)
platonized (past participle)

Either Plato philonized, or Philo platonized

1791，William Enfield, Johann Jakob Brucker，The History of Philosophy:

採用柏拉圖或其追隨者的觀點

He platonizes , after the manner of Origen , in some parts of his writings ; yet he is cited by Athanasius as a witness of the Son's consubstantiality with the Father

1794，Joseph Milner，The History of the Church of Christ:


player

源自中古英語 pleyer、playere，源自古英語 pleġere (“遊戲者，玩家，運動員，摔角手”)，等於 play + -er。

參與者，參加者 參與某種性愛形式的人

He thought he could become a player, at least at the state level.

他認為自己可以參與其中，至少在州級層面。

Decision realities research recognizes the occupational tribalism identified in occupational realities research, but goes further by paying attention to all the players – patients and lay caregivers included – who participate in negotiating care.

2011，Suzanne Shale，Moral Leadership in Medicine，頁 239:

Another Bush — George W.’s brother Jeb — is likely to be a big player in the Republican Party’s future.

2012年November7日，Matt Bai，“Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times:

As the biggest rail player, Network Rail was usually held accountable for failings, but had no authority to change anything to solve the problems. The DfT had been given that authority in 2004 - but consistently ducked accountability.

2021年March10日，Nigel Harris，“It's time to get on with it!”, in RAIL，期 926，頁 3:

In this space we explored lesbian sadomasochism, met other S/M women who were serious players, had access to safe equipment and, through watching other women, learned new techniques.

1991年April22日，Wickie Stamps，“A Lesbian Looks At The GMSMA's 10ᵗʰ Anniversary Celebration”, in Gay Community News，頁 11:

喜歡到處拈花惹草，而非建立長久性關係的人

Thunder only happens when it’s rainin’ / Players only love you when they’re playin’ / Say women, they will come and they will go / When the rain washes you clean, you’ll know

1977，Stevie Nicks （作曲作詞）, “Dreams”, in Rumours，演出者 Fleetwood Mac, Warner Bros.:


brillig

路易斯·卡羅詩作 Jabberwocky 中的一個臨時造詞，“矮胖子”將其解釋為“下午四點鐘 — 你開始煮晚飯的時間”。

'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves / Did gyre and gimble in the wabe


Genghis Khan

意大利語羅馬化蒙古語 ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (čiŋgis qaɣan), Чингис хаан (Čingis xaan)

/ˈɡɛŋɡɪs ˈkɑːn/

/ˈd͡ʒɛŋɡɪs ˈkɑːn/

[...]the Founder of that Family, who took the Name of Yuen, and who is known in Europe by the Name of Zing hi, or Zing his kan, but whom the Chineſe Hiſtory calls Tchin bi ſe, and Tai tſou, after he had conquer’d the King had thoughts of carrying the War into Corea: His General, called Leou co immediately made himſelf Mafter of the Towns ſituated upon the Eaſt of the River Ya lou;[...]

[1739 [1735]，P. Du Halde，“Geographical Obſervations on the Kingdom of Corea”, in The General History Of China，第2nd版, 卷 IV, →OCLC，頁 391:


sanguinary

more sanguinary (comparative)
most sanguinary (superlative)

/ˈsæŋɡwɪnəɹi/

We may not propagate religion by wars, or by sanguinary persecutions to force consciences.

1625, Francis Bacon, "Unity in Religion" (Google preview):

It was not merely distaste for court life at Ch’ang An that urged the emperor to make war upon this country. China had substantial grievances against the peninsula kingdom. In the year A.D. 642 P’ing Jang, the Korean capital, had been convulsed by a revolution more sanguinary and more successful than that which had menaced the Chinese court.

1933，“The Korean War and the Closing Years A.D. 645-50”, in Son of Heaven: A Biography of Li Shih-Min, founder of the T’ang Dynasty，Cambridge University Press, 出版於 1971, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 187:

Passion […] makes us brutal and sanguinary.

"The defence set up for Mahomet is equally availing for every sanguinary and revengeful tyrant; […]"

1877，Samuel Green，The Life of Mahomet: Founder of the Religion of Islamism and of the Empire of the Saracens with Notices of the History of Islamism and of Arabia，頁 126:

I was once, I remember, called to a patient who had received a violent contusion in his tibia, by which the exterior cutis was lacerated, so that there was a profuse sanguinary discharge […]

1749，Henry Fielding，The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史]，卷 (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

Here is the premeditation, the thrill, the strain of accumulating victory or disaster—and no smashed nor sanguinary bodies […], that we who are old enough to remember a real modern war know to be the reality of belligerence.

1913，H. G. Wells，Little Wars, Section VI:

We reached the Point just as a flood of sunset light was dripping from the heavens, staining the lagoon an ominous, sanguinary hue.

1929，Robert Dean Frisbee，The Book of Puka-Puka，Eland, 出版於 2019，頁 117:


OMG

這是oh my God的縮寫，儘管有時為了避免冒犯而使用委婉語來解釋。在首次出現時，這也是對聖米迦勒及聖喬治勳章（Order of St Michael and St George）的雙關語參考。

/ˌəʊ.ɛmˈd͡ʒiː/

/ˌoʊ.ɛmˈd͡ʒiː/

由於提及了上帝，OMG可能會被一些人認為具有冒犯性，儘管可以聲稱用意是委婉語，例如oh my gosh或oh my goodness，以減少冒犯。

OMG, I just won tickets to a concert! Today is the best day ever!

天哪，我刚刚赢了一张音乐会的门票！今天是我人生中最美好的一天！

…and then he said I was ugly, so I punched him in the face. — OMG, really?

……然后他说我醜，所以我就给了他的脸一拳。——天哪，真的吗？

I hear that a new order of Knighthood is on the tapis—O.M.G. (Oh! My God!)—Shower it on the Admiralty!!

1917年September9日，John A.F. Fisher，letter to Winston Churchill:

10 Bands, 50 bands, 100 bands, fuck it, man / Let's just not even discuss it, man / OMG, niggas sleep, I ain't trippin', I'ma let 'em sleep

2015，“10 Bands”, in If You’re Reading This It’s Too Late，演出者 Drake:


panentheism

借自德語 Panentheismus，1828年由卡尔·克里斯蒂安·弗里德里希·克劳泽所創造，借用古希臘語 πᾶν ἐν θεῷ (pân en theôi，“所有的神”)加上 + -ismus (“表示主義的後綴”)而成。

pan-en-theism (alternative)
Panentheism (alternative)
Pan-en-theism (alternative)

The third great age of humanity (das Reifalter) is that in which all its powers are fully and harmoniously developed... and in which panentheism is universally and cordially accepted as the only true and adequate doctrine either of science or of society.

1874，Robert Flint，The Philosophy of History in France and Germany，頁 484:

Pantheism or panentheism... is condemned by the Church, as well as by the teachings of Schopenhauer and of the modern Hartmann.

1895，Benito Pérez Galdós，Doña perfecta，頁 84:

This panentheistic doctrine contains all of deism and pandeism except their arbitrary negations. Thus ARCW, or absolute-relative panentheism, is the one doctrine that really states the whole of what all theists, if not all atheists as well, are implicitly talking about.

1964，Charles Hartshorne，Man's Vision of God and the Logic of Theism，頁 348:


acquire

來自中古英語 acqueren，來自古法語 aquerre，來自拉丁語 acquirō；ad- + quaerō (“在……中搜索”)。參見quest。

acquires (third-person singular present)
acquiring (present participle)
acquired (past participle)

all the riches he acquired were from hard work.

他獲得的所有財富都來自辛勤勞動。

One should acquire as much knowledge as possible from reading.

人應該通過閱讀盡可能多地獲取知識。

to acquire a skill

to acquire decent habits and manners

Ivor had acquired more than a mile of fishing rights with the house ; he was not at all a good fisherman, but one must do something ; one generally, however, banged a ball with a squash-racket against a wall.

1922，Michael Arlen，“3/19/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:


anchor

繼承自中古英語 anker，來自古英語 ancor、ancra，來自拉丁語 ancora，來自(或同源) 古希臘語 ἄγκυρα (ánkura)。現代形式是16世紀修改後的中世紀拉丁語拼寫anchora。

Men that I knew around Wapatomac didn't wear high, shiny plug hats, nor yeller spring overcoats, nor carry canes with ivory heads as big as a catboat's anchor, as you might say.

1913，Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln，章號 X, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients，New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC，頁 1:


anchor

繼承自中古英語 anchoren、ankeren，可能源自名詞或（經由古法語 ancrer）來自中世紀拉丁語動詞ancorare，均來自相同拉丁語詞彙ancora。

anchour (alternative)
anchors (third-person singular present)
anchoring (present participle)
anchored (past participle)

It is an incredible tale and one that makes no sense on so many levels. Only two years ago Leicester were anchored to the foot of the Premier League and staring at the prospect of relegation to the Championship under Nigel Pearson.

2017年March14日，Stuart James，“Leicester stun Sevilla to reach last eight after Kasper Schmeichel save”, in the Guardian:


dutch

dutches (third-person singular present)
dutching (present participle)
dutched (past participle)

Dutch的首字母小寫形：給可可加碱

Natural cocoa has not been "dutched". I actually prefer the natural, but if you use it, be sure to increase the baking soda to compensate for the additional acid.

2011，boulangere (user name)，“Is Hersheys Special Dark "A blend of Natural and Dutched Cocoas" The same as "Dutch Processed Cocoa Powder?"”, in Food52:


accentuate

* 首次記錄於1731年。
* (強調)： 首次記錄於1865年。
* 派生自中世紀拉丁語 accentuātus，accentuāre 的過去分詞，派生自 拉丁語 accentus。

accentuates (third-person singular present)
accentuating (present participle)
accentuated (past participle)

強調；使…更突出，使…更明顯

our danger and insolation only accentuated the incompatibility

1898, H. G. Wells, The War of the Worlds/Book 2/Chapter 3

These were business hours, and a feeling of loneliness crept over him, perhaps germinated by his sight of the illustrated papers, and accentuated by an attempted perusal of them.

1913，Robert Barr，章號 5, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:


porphyria

/pɔː(ɹ)ˈfɪɹɪə/

The term porphyria, derived from the Greek word porphyra, meaning purple, is apt because a hallmark of most of the porphyrias is the overexcretion of porphyrins in urine or feces.

2000，Herbert L. Bonkovsky，Richard W. Lambrecht，“44: Hemochromatosis, iron overload, and porphyria cutanea tarda”, in Hemochromatosis: Genetics, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment，頁 453:

However, the appearance of homozygous forms without consanguinity and coincidence of two types of porphyria in the same patient, dual porphyrias, is possible.

2003, M. Lecha, C. Herrero, D. Ozalla, Porphyrias, Andreas D. Katsambas, Torello M. Lotti (editors), European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments, page 419,

The usual presenting symptoms and signs of porphyrias are either skin photosensitivity or neurovisceral symptoms and signs.

2010，James C. Barton，Corwin Q. Edwards，Pradyumna D. Phatak，Robert S. Britton，Bruce R. Bacon，Handbook of Iron Overload Disorders，頁 160:


rent boy

Francis Urquhart: Got anything on him?
Tim Stamper: There was a whiff of scandal about ten years ago.
Francis Urquhart: Rent boy. In a train. To Red Hill. Yes. Wanted to sell his story but we bought it and hushed him up. Be ungentlemanly to bring that up. A man's private life should be private.
Tim Stamper: On the other hand, getting sucked off in second class is hardly prime ministerial behaviour.
Francis Urquhart: Yes, you have a point there.

1990，House of Cards, Season 1, Episode 4:

An Irishman came up to him, bought him a drink, asked him if he was a rent boy, and agreed to give £40 for coming back.

1992，Donald James West, Buz De Villiers，Male prostitution，頁 93:

Just then, a rent boy with perfect white teeth and a babyface flashed me one of those unforgettable Thai smiles.

2007，John Patrick，Dangerous Boys, Rent Boys，頁 12:


cytokine

來自cyto- + 古希臘語 κίνησις (kínēsis，“活動”)。

Thus, in the case of viral infection, mechanisms of resistance would be threefold, namely, interferon production, the immune response, including both antibody and lymphokine production, and the generation of lymphokine-like substances by the infected cells themselves. These latter substances have been defined as cytokines.

1975年July13日，Bigazzi PE, Yoshida T, Ward PA, Cohen S.，“Production of Lymphokine-Like Factors (Cytokines) by Simian Virus 40-Infected and Simian Virus 40-Transformed Cell”, in The American Journal of Pathology，卷 80, 期 1，頁 69:

A fundamental feature expressed by the vast majority of cytokines is a profound immunomodulatory activity.

1991, Maxine Gowen, Cytokines and Bone Metabolism, page 26,

The cytokines are generally considered to be a group of peptides secreted by cells of the immune system such as macrophages, lymphocytes and T cells, although the same peptides may also be secreted by non-immune cells such as neurological tissues and adipocytes.

2012, Victor R. Preedy, Ross Hunter (editors), Preface, Cytokines, page v,

The cytokines provide a classic example of products of the immune system which alter brain and endocrine activities. A variety of cytokines, including interleukin 1, interleukin 2, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α, have been traditionally associated with peripheral control of the immune system, inflammation, and acute phase response.

2013, Errol B. De Souza (editor), Preface, Neurobiology of Cytokines: Methods in Neurosciences, Volume 16, page xiii,


apoptosis

來自古希臘語 ἀπόπτωσις (apóptōsis，“脫落”)，來自ἀπό (apó，“遠離”) + πτῶσις (ptôsis，“脫落”)。

The term apoptosis is proposed for a hitherto little recognized mechanism of controlled cell deletion, which appears to play a complementary but opposite role to mitosis in the regulation of animal cell populations.

1972，J. F. R. Kerr，A. H. Wyllie，A. R. Currie，“Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wide-ranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics”, in British journal of cancer，卷 26, →DOI:

Indeed, so important is apoptosis that it is gradually becoming clear that almost all therapeutic cancer treatment works only because it induces apoptosis by alerting p53 and its colleagues.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial 2004, p. 238:

Apoptosis is routine in developmental processes such as the removal of webbing between fingers in humans, the loss of tadpole tails in amphibians, and insect metamorphosis.

2011, Terence Allen and Graham Cowling, The Cell: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford 2011, p. 74:


acetaminophen

醋氨酚、乙醯胺基酚、對乙醯胺基酚

You need to take acetaminophen / Or just a little aspirin / acetylsalicylic for the pain

“I [have] actually witnessed a resident have to be taken to the emergency room because of acetaminophen toxicity,” Lee recalls. “I was pushed to find a solution because I wanted to help the residents who I volunteer for.”

2025年March28日，Ella Jeffries，This 17-Year-Old Scientist Is Making an Acetaminophen Alternative That Is Less Damaging to the Liver:


trial and error

Navigating by trial and error may get you there eventually, but using a map is faster.

通过反复试验可能最终会到达目的地，但使用地图会更快。

Trial and error was a big part of the process: "We need to fail down here so we don't fail up there," [Neil] Armstrong insists, though even some of the mistakes and malfunctions at ground level cause devastating casualties.

2018年October9日，A. A. Dowd，“The Star and Director of La La Land Reunite for First Man’s Spectacular Trip to the Moon”, in The A.V. Club，存檔自the original on 2020-06-16:


由National Puzzlers’ League會長Everett K Smith在1935年年會上創造，来自古希臘語 πνεύμων (pneúmōn，“肺”) + 拉丁語 ultra (“超”) + 英語 microscopic (“微”) + silico- (“硅”) + volcano (“火山”) + 古希臘語 κόνις (kónis，“灰塵”) + 英語 -osis (“炎癥”)，為pneumonoconiosis (“塵肺病”)的擴展。

/njuːˌmɒ.nəʊ.ʌl.tɹə.maɪ.kɹəʊˈskɒ.pɪkˌsɪ.lɪ.kəʊ.vɒl.keɪ.nəʊ.kəʊ.niˈəʊ.sɪs/

這個詞的發明純粹是為了爭奪英語中最長單字的頭銜，由45個字母和19個音節組成。這個詞在醫學上沒有正式用法，教科書將這種疾病稱為pneumonoconiosis、pneumoconiosis、silicosis。

《牛津英語詞典》將其列為最長的單字，並解釋為“一個人造詞，據稱意思是『因吸入通常在火山中發現的極微小矽塵而引發的疾病』但主要作為一個長單詞的實例出現。（a factitious word alleged to mean ‘a lung disease caused by inhalation of very fine silica dust usually found in volcanos’ but occurring chiefly as an instance of a very long word.）”。

Call it miner's asthma, silicosis, pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, or black lung—they are all dust diseases with the same symptoms.

1980 March，Lorin E. Kerr，“Black Lung”, in Journal of Public Health Policy，卷 1, 期 1, →JSTOR，頁 50:

I say that it must be the silica dust
That we breathed through our mouths and our noses
That brought pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis.

1998年August27日，Smokey，“Lament for a Lung Disease”, in talk.bizarre (Usenet), message-ID <6s3r8o$brt$1@camel15.mindspring.com>:

It's either pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis, or a bad cough.

2002年December18日，Pod，“Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis”, in alt.fan.scarecrow (Usenet), message-ID <iHSL9.2091$h43.295898@stones>:

I still can't watch House M.D. and not have my mind wonder[…] Even I can fear of:Template:SIC having Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis after watching it.

2011年April28日，Kurt D. Stradtman，Am I the Person My Mother Warned Me About?: A Four-year College Experience ... Only the Good Parts，Xlibris, →ISBN, →LCCN，頁 90:


information technology

information and communications technology

Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.

2013年July20日，“The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8845:


roma

Roma (“一種番茄”)的首字母小寫形。

Swap the vegetables for roma tomatoes (seeded), steamed new potatoes, carrots, and chickpeas (rinsed and drained); add a pinch of curry to the vinaigrette.

2008 January–February，Mark Bittman，“The only 7 meals you need for 2008”, in Men's Health，卷 23, 期 1, →ISSN，頁 138:


asap

ASAP的大小寫替代形式。

I feel the impatience in her voice, the desire to sell all her stuff asap and return home.

2023，Stephen Buoro，The Five Sorrowful Mysteries of Andy Africa，Bloomsbury Circus，頁 17:


assume

源自拉丁語 assūmō (“接受”)，构自 ad- （“向”） + sūmō （“担任”）。

assumes (third-person singular present)
assuming (present participle)
assumed (past participle)

擔任；擔任某個職任或是承擔某項義務

Mr. Jones will assume the position of a lifeguard until a proper replacement is found.

Jones 先生將擔任救生員一職，直到找到合適的替代人員。

His unruly hair was slicked down with water, and as Jessamy introduced him to Miss Brindle his face assumed a cherubic innocence which would immediately have aroused the suspicions of anyone who knew him.

1967，Barbara Sleigh，Jessamy，Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, 出版於 1993, →ISBN，頁 96:

So while Ralph generally seems to inhabit a different, more glorious and joyful universe than everyone else here his yearning and heartbreak are eminently relateable. Ralph sometimes appears to be a magically demented sprite who has assumed the form of a boy, but he’s never been more poignantly, nakedly, movingly human than he is here.

因此，儘管拉爾夫總體上看來居住在一個與其他人不同的、更光榮和更快樂的宇宙中，但他的渴望和心碎卻非常容易引起共鳴。 有時候，拉爾夫看起來就像一個變身為男孩的魔怔小鬼，但他從來沒有像在這裡一樣，更淒美、更赤裸、更感人。

2012年August5日，Nathan Rabin，“TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, in (請指定書籍名或刊物名):

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:assume。

The sixth was a young knight of lesser renown and lower rank, assumed into that honorable company.

1820，沃尔特·司各特，艾凡赫，卷 (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), 爱丁堡: […] Archibald Constable and Co.；伦敦：Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:


garbage collection

Java uses a technique known as garbage collection to remove objects that are no longer needed. The garbage collector is Java's grim reaper.

[2002，Patrick Niemeyer, Jonathan Knudsen，Learning Java，O'Reilly, →ISBN，頁 135:

Generational garbage collection has proved to be a highly effective organisation, offering significant performance improvements for a wide range of applications.

2016，Richard Jones, Antony Hosking, Eliot Moss，The Garbage Collection Handbook，CRC Press, →ISBN:


burn-in

倦怠前的階段，工作效率和參與度下降

A huge personal investment results in a huge ‘burn-in’. This is probably the first state that needs to be dealt with, before switching to ‘burn-out’. Indeed discussion about the important interaction between the two could lead to the avoidance of ‘burn-out’ through understanding ‘burn-in’. Interestingly, a large body of literature has shown that professionals in the mental heath^([sic]) services seem to be more vulnerable to the ‘burn-in’—‘burn-out’ process.

2005，Thomas Hyphantis, Venetsanos Mavreas，“‘Burning In’ – ‘Burning Out’ in Public: Aspects of the Burnout Process in Community-Based Psychiatric Services”, in Research Companion to Organizational Health Psychology，頁 538:


Doppler effect

來自Johann Christian Andreas Doppler，最初由這位奧地利物理學家所發現。

Along the street, a delivery van’s pop music approaches and recedes with a faint Doppler effect, the cheerless band lifting and dipping a microtone.


even number

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见even、number。

If you'd come at me with even numbers, I wouldn't leave a grease spot of you.


gamma distribution

The gamma distribution is positively skewed and along with the Weibull, lognormal, and inverse Gaussian (IG) distributions is also available as a model in reliability and life-span studies.

1988，A. Clifford Cohen, Betty Jones Whitten，Parameter Estimation in Reliability and Life Span Models，Marcel Dekker，頁 93:

The ranking and selection problems in this chapter apply to populations that follow the gamma distribution. The gamma distribution model is used widely in many fields of applications, particularly in engineering and the social and physical sciences.
本章中的排序和选择问题适用于服从伽马分布的群体。伽马分布模型广泛应用于许多实用领域，特别是在工程、社会和物理科学领域。

1999 [1977, Wiley], Jean Dickinson Gibbons, Ingram Olkin, Milton Sobel, Selecting and Ordering Populations: A New Statistical Methodology, SIAM, Republished unabridged and corrected, page 328,

The negative exponential distribution is a special case of the gamma distribution in which k#61;1. Another important special case of a gamma distribution with parameters k and #92;theta#61;2 is the χ² distribution G(k,2) with n#61;2k degrees of freedom.[…]Gamma distributions have an additivity property: the sum of two random variables following gamma distributions G(k#95;1,#92;theta) and G(k#95;2,#92;theta) is a random variable following a gamma distribution G(k#95;1#43;k#95;2,#92;theta) with parameters k#95;1#43;k#95;2 and #92;theta[…].

2005，M. T. Todinov，Reliability and Risk Models: Setting Reliability Requirements，Wiley，頁 36:


geometric distribution

If S₁ had been chosen to be a geometric distribution, no a priori choices would have been necessary. This distribution was effective in Suppes (1970), but it would provide a poor fit in this case. If the geometric distribution had been used here, the parameter S₁ would have appeared in every theoretical probability involving N, and whenever one or more adjectives were included, a corresponding number of S₂ = 1 - S₁ terms would have appeared in the probability.

1973，Elizabeth M. Gammon，“A Syntactical Analysis of Some First-Grade Readers”, in Approaches to Natural Language: Proceedings of the 1970 Stanford Workshop on Grammar and Semantics，Springer，頁 122:

Recall that we have already calculated the mean and variance for the geometric distribution case (r = 1) in Example 5.17.

2009, Matthew J. Hassett, Donald Stewart, Probability for Risk Management, 2nd Edition, ACTEX Publications, page 139,

The exponential distribution has a number of other interesting characteristics and properties. It is very similar to the geometric distribution, and in fact is the continuous version of that discrete distribution. Recall that the geometric distribution was used to model the time until the first success, where there were a discrete number of trials.

2010，Peter A. Rogerson，Statistical Methods for Geography: A Student's Guide，第3rd版, SAGE Publications，頁 92:


in control

The General said that his troops were now in control of the situation.

將軍說他的部隊已經控制住了局勢。

It was a bitter blow to England's players, who sank to their knees in disappointment, after fighting so hard but a draw does not cause too much damage and they still remain in control of their own destiny.

2021年September8日，Phil McNulty，“Poland 1-1 England”, in BBC Sport:


heat exchanger

The transmission oil is cooled in a heat exchanger through which the cooling water is circulated, to assist rapid warming of the engine system and to bring engine and transmission into their true interdependence.

1960 June，“The N.B. Loco. Co. diesel-hydraulic Type "2" locomotive”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 345:


pwn

網民打 own 時將 o 打成旁邊的 p，而後來被流行起來。

pwns (third-person singular present)
pwning (present participle)
pwned (past participle)
pwnd (past participle)
pwnt (past participle)

2nd guard: "Yeah, shiiit! I PWNED YO @zz!"

1999年August5日，Quaestor，“Re: [SP] So..the first victim of the Evil/Hero System”, in rec.games.computer.ultima.online (Usenet), retrieved 2016-09-23, message-ID <37AA8154.D77E6EB8@Skara.Brae>:

Otherwise I use fury as my normal attack. Fury completely pwns!

When you get to the Temple of Marr, look very closely at the vases at zone-in and see if you can find the picture where Mith Marr "pwns" someone.

My Trident pwns the Cirrus Logics!

NOOBZ STILL R NOT PWNED. CONTINUE PWNERSHIP UNTIL ALL NOOBZ R PWNED.

2005，AlphaDream，Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time，Nintendo:


human nature

How much innate human nature do you think the human races have left?

The most rapid and most seductive transition in all human nature is that which attends the palliation of a ravenous appetite. There is something humiliating about it.[…]Can those harmless but refined fellow-diners be the selfish cads whose gluttony and personal appearance so raised your contemptuous wrath on your arrival?

1922，Ben Travers，章號 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest:


Fermat's principle

由法國數學家皮埃爾·德·費馬於1662年首次提出。

Fermat's principle of least time

費馬原理（光線在兩點之間所經過的路徑是耗時最少的路徑）

principle of least time

費馬原理（光線在兩點之間所經過的路徑是耗時最少的路徑）

費馬原理（光線在兩點之間所經過的路徑是耗時最少的路徑）

But we now see that, if we use Fermat's principle, a fundamental result of any wave theory, and combine it with de Broglie's assumption about the relation between momentum and wavelength, we are led at once to the principle of least action.

1960，John Clarke Slater，Quantum Theory of Atomic Structure，McGraw-Hill，頁 39:

[…], Keller simply postulates these rays and finds their direction from Fermat's principle adapted to the hypothesis that these rays exist.

1968，Petr Beckmann，The Depolarization of Electromagnetic Waves，Golem Press，頁 108:

[…] students wishing to pursue this branch of physics further will find that refraction too can be explained in terms of Fermat's principle.

1976, Donald E. Tilley, Walter Thumm, Physics for College Students, Cummings Publishing Company, 第558頁,


GSS

In yesterday’s GSS supplement, we ran an article on Water Sculptures, a series of dance and music performance by Lifeskills & Lifestyle at People’s Association.

2001年June9日，Today，“Great Singapore Sale supplement amendments”, in NewspaperSG:

The offer price lasts till the end of the GSS so hurry. .

2009年July8日，Mr Brown，“Dahon Curve SL special offer”, in Mr Brown.com:

The total amount spent during the two-month GSS was US$1.4 billion this year, up US$1 million from the US$1.3billion in the same period last year.

2012年August10日，Rchia，“Shoppers spend $1.74b this GSS using their MasterCards”, in Asiaone.com:

Stay vigilant while shopping during GSS: Police.

2013年May31日，Natalie Kuan，“Stay vigilant while shopping during GSS: Police”, in The Straits Times:

But shoppers do not have to wait till the GSS starts to go bargain hunting.

2015年May25日，Rebecca Tan Hui Shan，“No need to wait for Great Singapore Sale: Guide to the sales already on at retailers around town”, in The Straits Times:

During the GSS, retailers here offer steep discounts, sometimes up to 70 per cent off their original prices.

2016，YourSingapore，“The Great Singapore Sale”, in YourSingapore.com:


satcoms

The cost of installing a satcoms system will soon be recovered.

But no-one can dispute that satcoms make for more efficient fleet management and safer ships.

1995，Fairplay international shipping weekly:


stability

This platform offers good stability.

Globalization has re-ordered the global economy in ways that are destructive to civic stability, as decentralized, localized producers cannot compete with globalized, commoditized crops, capital, labor and goods.

2025年February13日，Charles Hugh Smith，The Not-So-Strange Paradox of American Power and Dysfunction:


telecast

telecasts (third-person singular present)
telecasting (present participle)
telecast (past participle)
telecasted (past participle)

Cooley currently is ironing out details of the proposed kinescoping with Klaus Landsberg, topper at KTLA, over whose facilities the hour-long show has been telecast […]

[The Kumbh Mela festival] would be telecast across the country.

[大壶节] 将在全国范围内进行电视转播。

2025年January29日，Aakash Hassan，“He went to capture the beauty of Hinduism. Then the stampede happened. [他去捕捉印度教之美。然后发生了踩踏事件。]”, in The Christian Science Monitor:


all-over

Charing Cross station of the old South-Eastern Railway differed much in appearance from that of today, as it had an arched all-over roof, which collapsed some nine years later and was replaced by the present one.

1939 June，T. R. Perkins，“My Red-Letter Day - II”, in Railway Magazine，頁 399:


AC/DC

more AC/DC (comparative)
most AC/DC (superlative)

The woman had great difficulty explaining it. ‘You know, AC–DC,’ she kept repeating. Finally she said, ‘Swings both ways.’ ‘Oh, you mean bisexual,’ Sandy said, ‘Yeah,’ the woman said, ‘AC–DC.’

1997，Nancy Toder，Choices，1980, page 132, 引於 Bisexual Imaginary: Representation, Identity, and Desire, Cassell, →OCLC，頁 98:


name plate

The 4-6-0s are named after governors of the Gold Coast, and carry a curved metal name plate over the middle splasher.

1948 November and December，W. S. Darby，“The Gold Coast Railway—2”, in Railway Magazine，頁 367:


short circuit

short circuits (third-person singular present)
short circuiting (present participle)
short circuited (past participle)

繞過一個或多個中間步驟，使進行的過程在自然結束前終止

[H]is temporarily successful attempt to smear Redfield is an effort to short-circuit the narrative into premature and mistaken resolution.

1998，Catherine Nickerson，The Web of Iniquity:

You do not need to follow your entire sales cycle if the customer wants to short-circuit it for you.

2002，Jim Kasper，Short Cycle Selling: Beating Your Competitors in the Sales Race:

My mother, determined to short-circuit my outcry, would match my objections by pointing out an inherent reward for doing such work.

2003，Gina Hens-Piazza，Nameless, Blameless, and Without Shame: Two Cannibal Mothers Before a King:

At times, the Knicks’ offense looked short-circuited. Anthony, despite his cold hand, kept shooting. / “They all feel good, to be honest with you,” Anthony said. “It wasn’t long, it wasn’t short, they were bouncing off the rim, they were chippers, the same shot I hit all the time so I can’t stop taking my shots.”

2016年November28日，Mike Vorkunov，“Despite Flash of Rose’s Prime, Knicks Are Dazed by Westbrook and Thunder”, in The New York Times:

For example, to short-circuit the "LoggedIn()" or "LogIn()" "if" conditional, replace the "Or" with "OrElse" and the statement is interpreted to mean "if not logged in, then log in".

2002，Paul Kimmel，Visual Basic.Net Unleashed:

If you would like to short-circuit, you must replace "And" with the "AndAlso" keyword and "Or" with the "OrElse" keyword, as follows....

2002，Jose Mojico，C# and VB.NET Conversion Pocket Reference:

The "Demand" is done to ensure that you have indeed been granted this permission before using the "Assert" to short-circuit the stackwalk.

2006: Jay Hillard & Stephen Teilhet, C# Cookbook


arc lamp

arc-lamp (alternative)
arc lamps (plural)

He walked. To the corner of Hamilton Place and Picadilly, and there stayed for a while, for it is a romantic station by night. The vague and careless rain looked like threads of gossamer silver passing across the light of the arc-lamps.

1922，Michael Arlen，“Ep./1/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:


soot blower

In order to deal with deposits of soot on boiler-tubes while running, especially if poor coal is in use, locomotives are often now provided with blowers on the firebox back-plate which can be made to discharge a jet of high pressure steam towards the firebox tubeplates; this has the effect of loosening and blowing off the soot deposits.

1944 May and June，“The Why and the Wherefore: Locomotive Soot Blowers”, in Railway Magazine，頁 194:


automation

The presidential campaign has been more focused on Bain Capital and an “apology tour” than on the challenges created by globalization and automation.

2012年October24日，David Leonhardt，“Standard of Living Is in the Shadows as Election Issue”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

When deployed by monopolies / cartels, automation institutionalizes mediocrity, and soon everyone forgets excellence and quality because they no longer have any experience of either one.

2025年February14日，Charles Hugh Smith，Automation Institutionalizes Mediocrity:


stand-by

[...] a "Britannia" Pacific, No. 70006, was kept as a stand-by at March.

1962 April，“Motive power miscellany: Eastern Region”, in Modern Railways，頁 279:


injecter

[…] young people who are starting to inject or are at risk of becoming injecters; […]

2010，Rowdy Yates，Margaret S. Malloch，Tackling Addiction: Pathways to Recovery，頁 171:


steam turbine

It was opened in 1904 as the largest traction power station in Europe and one of the first to use steam turbines, which have been the only game in town for power stations ever since.

2012，Andrew Martin，Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube，Profile Books, ISBN 978-1846684777，頁 139:


blow down

blows down (third-person singular present)
blowing down (present participle)
blew down (past)
blown down (past participle)

I'll huff and I'll puff and I'll blow your house down.

Part of the shed was recently blown down in a gale and has been removed, leaving rather inadequate accommodation.

1951 June，“Notes and News: Eskdale Railway Rolling Stock”, in Railway Magazine，頁 424:

A tree had been blown down on the track east of Chippenham. Bath Spa station became a scene of milling confusion. One minute we were told that trains were running. Then they weren't. Then they were again. Not a sound basis on which to try rejigging a business trip.

2020年June3日，Andrew Mourant，“A safer railway in a greener habitat”, in RAIL，頁 58:


butt joint

Using the lap joint in any of its applications provides strength in a cabinet where a butt joint would or could be used.

1990，Byron W. Maguire，Cabinetmaking: From Design to Finish，Carlsbad, CA: Craftsman，頁 234:


electromagnetic radiation

As the public hears the name EMR Syndrome repeated in various applications related to health effects, it will begin to link EMR/electromagnetic radiation to those health effects. Over time the meaning of EMR will take hold and be understood for the environmental threat it is.

(Can we date this quote?)，The Home-page for 'Electromagnetic Radiation Syndrome':


emergency service

Only when one has seen a Control Office at first-hand does one realise the vast amount of unsparing but largely unsung work that is behind the eventual publication, perhaps, of a paragraph in this journal's "Motive Power Miscellany" recording the appearance, within hours of the complete blockage of a main line, of many of its trains, passenger and freight, on routes quite foreign to them; and of effective emergency services either side of the disaster area.

1962 August，G. Freeman Allen，“Traffic control on the Great Northern Line”, in Modern Railways，頁 133:


fly ash

由 fly (“飛行，飛翔”，已棄用；名詞) + ash 構成的複合詞。

同類詞：bottom ash (“底灰”)、potash (“鉀鹼”)

Heat exchangers should be kept free of debris to minimize the possibility of fire. Fly ash deposited in heat exchangers may cause nonuniform temperatures. Therefore, the exchangers should be disconnected and cleaned out regularly.

1956 December，Edmund F. Rasmussen [et al.]，“Heating System”, in Inspection and Maintenance of Lumber Dry Kilns and Equipment: Information on Ways and Means of Keeping Lumber Dry Kilns Operating Efficiently (Report no. 1900-4)，Madison, Wis.: Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture in association with the University of Wisconsin, →OCLC，頁 19:

Among new freight vehicles was a prototype 21-ton wagon with pressure discharge for the conveyance of fly ash from power stations, […]

1964 August，“BR [British Rail] in 1963 – ‘We have Turned the Financial Corner’”, in Modern Railways，Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 115:

Furnaces and boilers with horizontal heating surfaces require frequent cleaning, because fly ash (fine powdery ash) collects on these surfaces.

1975 May，Joseph W[inslow] Simons，“Fuels and Burners”, in Home Heating: Systems, Fuels, Controls (Farmers’ Bulletin; no. 2235)，Washington, D.C.: Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, →OCLC，頁 19，列 2:

Besides our sending out of cement by rail, we also bring in pulverised fly-ash, typically once a week, which comes from Drax Power Station and is used in the cement manufacturing process, […]

2022年September7日，Gareth David，“Class 20 Stronghold in the Peak District”, in Rail，期 965, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 45:


risetime

By using the correlation between risetime and position we were able to obtain a measured resolution of 92 #92;mum (FWHM), corresponding to an intrinsic resolution of 64 #92;mum (FMHM) for a single Z-stack MCP detector.

2015，Davinder Siwal, B.B. Wiggins, R. T. deSouza，“Using pulse shape analysis to improve the position resolution of a resistive anode microchannel plate detector”, in arXiv:


anchor's aweigh

当锚被拉起并且不再锚固在船底时，对起锚命令的响应

Then the mate called again to the captain, “Anchor’s aweigh, sir!” while the men kept on heaving.

[1928] 1988, Frederick Pease Harlow, The Making of a Sailor http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&hl=en&vid=ISBN0486256138&id=maCNIgbmJMgC&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&sig=9Fd6uA0SsfwXRKuI4mZqnZokyAU

Amory’s voice came again from the fo’c’sle. ‘Anchor’s aweigh, sir.’

‘Anchor’s apeak — they pawl and back — ’ At this moment the American frigate fired a gun, dropped her topgallantsails, and sheeted them home. ‘Anchor’s aweigh,’ called Broke. ‘He plucked it up in fine style.’

1994，Patrick O'Brian，The Fortune of War:


awning

At Nairobi the mail waits an hour-and-a-half. The station has three long platforms, mostly covered in awnings, the island connected with the main platform (which is used by the mails in both directions) by a subway.

1950 April，Timothy H. Cobb，“The Kenya-Uganda Railway”, in Railway Magazine，頁 265:

But instead, the distinctive ironwork and glass platform awnings have been carefully refurbished, while making them compatible with the overhead wiring. Kettering's island Platform 2/3 is especially noteworthy. Although it dates from 1879, when the station was enlarged to four platforms, the same original (1857) patterns for the delicate cast-ironwork seem to have been used - […].

2022年December14日，Robin Leleux，“A royal occasion as heritage projects honoured: Kettering”, in RAIL，期 972，頁 56:


bench test

When the diesel engine has undergone its bench tests, and the various temperatures, loads and fuel consumptions have been recorded, it is then ready for coupling to the generator.

1962 April，R. K. Evans，“The Acceptance Testing of Diesel Locomotives”, in Modern Railways，頁 267:


brake test

We left Paris to time and after the brake test at St. Denis it was my pleasure to drive No. U.1 for the rest of the day.

1961 March，'Balmore'，“Driving and firing modern French steam locomotives”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 150:

We remain motionless in the platform while the ex-Edinburgh draws forward, the points are set, and it is propelled back for attachment. The Edinburgh locomotive uncoupled, a brake test is performed and we're away.

2023年February8日，Greg Morse，“Crossing the border... by Sleeper”, in RAIL，期 976，頁 43:


brake test

brake tests (third-person singular present)
brake testing (present participle)
brake tested (past participle)

"Max was brake testing me into the first two corners. I was very upset with the fact Max held me up and didn't move and made me run into Daniel."

2016年October31日，Andrew Benson，“Mexican Grand Prix: Max Verstappen says he is 'not allowed to race' after penalty”, in BBC:


bulk cargo

bulk cargoes (plural)
bulk cargos (plural)

Almost all modern cranes are electrically operated and a quick-acting type of 30 cwt. capacity is suitable for general cargo, but not powerful enough to operate grabs for discharge of bulk cargoes.

1945 January and February，T. F. Cameron，“Dock Working”, in Railway Magazine，頁 11:


bulk carrier

Otherwise, overseas coking coal will be moved to the UK by bulk ocean carrier, which are among the filthiest polluting objects on the face of the Earth we seek to protect.

2022年November16日，Nigel Harris，“Endless news... little context”, in RAIL，期 970，頁 3:


cast steel

同類詞：blister steel

CAST STEEL / A search for metals of lighter, and more durable qualities than iron led to a new process in producing steel. In 1740 Benjamin Huntsman, a watchmaker, searching for a lighter, and less brittle metal than the old blister steel, hit upon melting steel in a crucible, or in a pot, lined with clay and graphite. The crucible could withstand the high temperatures necessary to melt metals in a container. To the product of the crucible was given the name "cast steel." [because it was poured (cast) from a melted state, unlike blister steel] / A DISTINCTION OF TERMS / Readers are cautioned at this point to understand that the terms "cast steel" and "steel castings" are not interchangeable, and, in fact, bear very little relationship to each other. It is true that steel castings must be made of "cast steel," but not all "cast steel" goes into the manufacture of steel castings. "Cast steel" merely describes the mass of metal which, after being melted, is poured into a mold of one sort or another, whether steel ingot molds or castings. Steel castings are objects which are given their final form in sand-filled molds. "Cast steel" may be poured into molds to form steel castings but it may also find its way, eventually, into structural steel, rolled steel or forgings; steel castings are the products of the steel foundry.

1949，History Committee of District No. 1 of the Steel Founders' Society of America，A History of Steel Casting，District No. 1 of the Steel Founders' Society of America, →LCCN，頁s 5–6:

Several journals make a note of the fact that the William Butcher Steel Works supplied 3000 tons of cast steel for the building of the Eads Bridge across the Mississippi River at St. Louis, and the content of the statements may lead readers to assume that these were steel castings. In the opinion of Mr. John N. Mudd, historian of the Midvale Steel Company, the materials furnished the bridge builders in St. Louis were cast steel and not steel castings.

1949，History Committee of District No. 1 of the Steel Founders' Society of America，A History of Steel Casting，District No. 1 of the Steel Founders' Society of America, →LCCN，頁s 8–9:


bear down

bears down (third-person singular present)
bearing down (present participle)
bore down (past)
borne down (past participle)

It's 9:41, 58 degrees, and I'm flunking out. Time to bear down.

现在是9:41，气温58度，我快要挂科了。该努力了。

When Furyk spots another Arizona alum on Tour, one of them will utter the official U of A exhortation, which dates to the 1920s, when on his deathbed the school's quarter-back urged the football team to "bear down." Few on Tour bear down like Furyk. He has his plan and sticks to it.

2003 October，Cameron Morfit，“A Furious Focus; Call his swing whatever you want--Jim Furyk's approach to life and golf is anything but loopy”, in Golf Magazine，卷 45, 期 10，頁 106:

Will CAFTA pass? The White House is starting to bear down, making the argument that CAFTA is not only a good deal economically, but vital for the political development and security of the region.

2005年May12日，Sue Kirchhoff，“Central American Free Trade Agreement faces obstacles”, in USA Today:

You can't really run faster or farther over the long haul simply by bearing down harder. You have to raise the level of your effort, then relax, and trust that preparation.

2009 January，James Applewhite，“Write a poem in THREE PHASES.”, in Writer，卷 122, 期 1，頁s 22–23:


computer-aided design

/ˈkəmˈpjuːtəˌeɪˈdɪdˌdɪˈzʌɪn/

The technology seeks to identify the birds' nests on the ground. Details of their location are then fed into computer-aided design drawings and the global positioning systems of machinery working on site, to let operators know when they are working near exclusion zones.

2020年August12日，“Network News: Drones locate skylark nests”, in Rail，頁 23:


boiling point

/ˈbɔɪlɪŋ ˌpɔɪnt/

Although the encounter was bathed in sunshine, the match failed to reach boiling point but that will be of little concern to Gerard Houllier's team, who took a huge step forward before they face crucial matches against their relegation rivals.

2011年April10日，Alistair Magowan，“Aston Villa 1 - 0 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport:


depth charge

The trailblazing Oaxacan chef Alejandro Ruiz […] has spiked this black-bean sauce with a hidden depth charge of flavor: patches of foliage from a local avocado tree. The leaves electrify the sauce with an unexpected thrum of black licorice.

2014年October25日，Jeff Gordinier，“In search of the perfect taco”, in T: The New York Times Style Magazine (international edition)，頁 100:


engine room

球隊或其他團隊的力量泉源 鋼鼓樂隊的節奏組

And no steel band would be complete without its rhythm section or engine room, as the percussion section is known.

2018，Polly Thomas，The Rough Guide to Trinidad and Tobago，Apa Publications, →ISBN:


fishhood

Petrovitch had taken and passed the astronavigation exam the exact same time Rimmer had made his claims to fishhood.

1989，Grant Naylor，Red Dwarf: Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers:


companion ladder

Just as I got my head above the companion ladder, I felt an indescribably unpleasant sensation, suddenly, as it were, losing the power of breathing […] .

1808–10, William Hickey, Memoirs of a Georgian Rake, Folio Society 1995, p. 87:

The flat roof proved a great luxury, for we sat on our housetop at night, which we reached by a species of companion-ladder from below, and enjoyed our elevated position immensely.

1887，Harriet W. Daly，Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia，頁 112:


trichogyne

法語，來自古希臘語 θρίξ (thríx，“毛髮”) + γυνή (gunḗ，“雌性，陰性”)。

Ascodesmis is a third type which might be derived either directly or through the erysiphaceous type from an endomycetous ancestor; the antheridium and oogonium are but little differentiated, but the latter is furnished with a trichogyne and becomes septate after fertilization; the ascogenous hyphae are few and the sheath simple.

2010，Helen Gwynne-Vaughan，Fungi: Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales，頁 54:


hospital ship

The Leinster has been in use as a hospital ship and a transport, but is now released and is refitting for her regular service.

1946 March and April，“Notes and News: Anglo-Irish Steamship Fleets”, in Railway Magazine，頁 118: