cap

源自中古英語 cappe，源自 古英語 cæppe，源自晚期拉丁語 cappa。cape、chape和cope 的同源對似詞。

We should put a cap on the salaries, to keep them under control.

我们应给工资设限，使其得到控制。

The G7 countries have agreed to impose a price cap on Russian oil in an attempt to stem the flow of funds into the Kremlin’s war coffers. […] The level of the cap is still being discussed.

2022年September2日，Alex Lawson，“G7 countries agree plan to impose price cap on Russian oil”, in The Guardian:

Did he think they were going to put a cap in his ass right in the middle of Metreon?

入選國家隊；在國際賽場上亮相。

Rio Ferdinand won his 50th cap for England in a game against Sweden.

里奥·费迪南在对阵瑞典的比赛中第50次代表英格兰队出场。

Overall, though, England’s injury-diminished side coped well on the night when Ruben Loftus-Cheek, Jordan Pickford and Tammy Abraham all won their first caps.

2017年November10日，Daniel Taylor，“Youthful England earn draw with Germany but Lingard rues late miss”, in The Guardian (London):

He that will give a cap and make a leg, in thanks for a favour he never received, deserveth rather to be blamed for want of wit, than to be praised for store of manners.

1655，Thomas Fuller，The Church History of Britain, from the Birth of Jesus Christ until the Year MDCXLVIII，卷 1, London: Thomas Tegg and Son, 出版於 1837，頁 9:


classification

On those remote pages it is written that animals are divided into (a) those that belong to the Emperor, (b) embalmed ones, (c) those that are trained, (d) suckling pigs, (e) mermaids, (f) fabulous ones, (g) stray dogs, (h) those that are included in this classification, (i) those that tremble as if they were mad, (j) innumerable ones, (k) those drawn with a verfy fine camel's hair brush, (l) others, (m) those that have just broken a flower vase, (n) those that resemble flies from a distance.

1937-1952，Jorge Luis Borges，Other Inquisitions:

I’m using mathesis — a universal science of measurement and order …
And there is also taxinomia a principle of 'classification' and ordered tabulation.
Knowledge replaced universal resemblance with finite differences. History was arrested and turned into tables …
Western reason had entered the age of judgement.

1997: Chris Horrocks, Introducing Foucault, page 69 (Totem Books, Icon Books; ISBN 1840460865


ultime

the true and ultime operations of Heat

1631，Francis [Bacon]，“(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […]，第3rd版, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

Nothing was wanting now to the perfecting of this League, but the ultime and compleating act, the solemn confirmation by Oath.

1654，Hamon L'Estrange，The Reign of King Charles:


integrity

借自中古法語 intégrité、源自拉丁語 integritās。entirety 的同源對似詞。

/ɪnˈtɛɡɹəti/

/ɪnˈtɛɡɹɪti/

Living a lie saps us of integrity and moral cohesion to the point that we can no longer distinguish between the artifice being propped up and the real world.

2023年June22日，Charles Hugh Smith，2023-2030: Artifice Vs. Doom-Loops:


coccyx

拉丁語 coccyx，源自古希臘語 κόκκυξ (kókkux，“布穀鳥”)，因從側面看起來像布穀鳥彎曲的嘴喙而得名。

He lands on the concrete path and bounces on his coccyx, which cracks the base of his spine.

2018，Richard Powers，The Overstory，Vintage (2019)，頁 129:


tomorrow

來自中古英語 tomorwe、tomorwen，來自古英語 tō morgne (“明天”，副詞)，來自tō (“在”) + morgne（morgen (“早晨”)的與格），來自原始日耳曼語 *murganaz (“早晨”)，或許來自原始印歐語 *mergʰ- (“閃爍”)，等同於to- + morrow。

to-morrow (alternative)
tomorrows (plural)

Tomorrow will be sunny.

Oh seek, my love, your newer way; / I'll not be left in sorrow. / So long as I have yesterday, / Go take your damned to-morrow!

1926，Dorothy Parker，“Godspeed”, in Enough Rope，頁 69:


grapefruit

被廣泛地認為是grape + fruit的行銷術語，暗指樹上葡萄狀的果實，19世紀早期Ciardi提出了另一種說法：柚子的植物學名稱之一是Citrus grandis，意思是「大柑橘 [水果]」，這是由於其果實的大小。一個新的柚子品種可能首先被稱為「greatfruit」（參見greatfruit），經過同化過程，這個詞被念成「grapefruit」。

grapefruits (plural)
grapefruit (plural)

Results have begun to come in and at Comfort Castle this month I spent a useful and happy half day carting round 8 children in my car to their homes where we all helped to fill in with good soil and manure, their excellently dug holes and planted the grapefruit.

Grapefruit is high in vitamin C. The pink and red varieties contain vitamin A (betacarotene) and lycopene, an antioxidant that may help prevent cancer. Grapefruit contains a chemical that can alter intestinal absorption of some medications and lead to higher than normal blood levels of some drugs and potential problems.

2002，“Fruits”, in Encyclopedia of Foods: A Guide to Healthy Nutrition，Academic Press, →ISBN, part II (Encyclopedia of Foods)，頁 176，列 3:

Once loaded by Canaveral, the grapefruit are transported to Japan, where the shipments are unloaded by employees of Japanese stevedoring companies. The grapefruit are then received by the Japanese importers.

2002，NLRB Advice Memorandum Reporter，Labor Relations Press，頁 100:


Tonga

Chitonga

班圖語的一種，屬於博塔特維（Botatwe）語支，在尚比亞／贊比亞以及辛巴威／津巴布韋使用

Enela cleared their way through the throng, speaking in Tonga, a heavy language that freighted the air with ceremony.

2019，Namwali Serpell，The Old Drift，Hogarth:


cumulonimbus

cumulonimbuses (plural)
cumulonimbi (plural)

The one to the east (which at the moment seemed to be leaping straight out of the heart of a sinister slaty-purple patch of cumulonimbus) drained the Lake of the Hanging Glaciers; that to the west a desolate rock and ice-walled valley which was rimmed by some of the highest summits in the Selkirks.

1921，Lewis R. Freeman，章號 III, in Down the Columbia:


Indian Ocean

In the west, the outer periphery of the Inner Zone is the great divide separating Pacific Ocean and South China Sea drainage on the one hand, from drainage oriented towards Hsin-chiang in the northwest and towards the Indian Ocean in the southwest, on the other.

1970，Joseph B. R. Whitney，China: Area, Administration, and Nation Building，Department of Geography, University of Chicago, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 38:


diatom

We show here, through a systematic study of the covalent chemical bond covering the entire periodic system, that the maximum bond multiplicity is six. The maximum value is reached by the tungsten diatom, W₂. No other pair of atoms in the periodic system (atomic numbers smaller than about 100) reaches a higher bond order.

2007，Björn O. Roos, Antonio C. Borin, Laura Gagliardi，“Reaching the Maximum Multiplicity of the Covalent Chemical Bond”, in Angewandte Chemie，卷 46, 期 9, →DOI，存檔自the original on 2024-04-27，頁s 1469–1472:


discontinuity

來自晚期拉丁語 discontinuitās，來自discontinuus，等同於dis- + continuity。

Shock waves are sudden discontinuities propagated in compressible media – usually air.

2012，George Dyson，Turing's Cathedral，Penguin, 出版於 2013，頁 57:


effective nuclear charge

On the other hand, many concepts on atomic structure (energy levels, ionization potentials, electronegativity of the elements, and so on) are discussed in terms of effective nuclear charges.

1999 September，O. Sala, K. Araki, L. K. Noda，“A Procedure to Obtain the Effective Nuclear Charge from the Atomic Spectrum of Sodium”, in Journal of Chemical Education，卷 76, 期 9，頁 1269:


elytron

古典借詞，源自古希臘語 ἔλυτρον (élutron，“鞘”)。

In a corner, the Darkling Beetle rustles in its Cage, its Elytra the same unforgiving white as the great sand-waste call’d ‘Kalahari’ lying north of here […]

[…] the elytra covering the hind wings of the firefly lift like a light leather, suppler than any other beetle’s.

2020，Aimee Nezhukumatathil，World of Wonders: In Praise of Fireflies, Whale Sharks, and Other Astonishments，Minneapolis: Milkweed Editions, →ISBN，頁 9:


meanwhile

繼承自中古英語 menewhile，等同於mean (“中間”) + while。是副詞in the mean while的省略，名詞通常用在形容詞後面。

We’re going on holiday next month; meanwhile, keep working on the project.

我們下個月要去度假；同時還要繼續寫專案。

The day may dawn when fair play, love for one's fellow men, respect for justice and freedom, will enable tormented generations to march forth triumphant from the hideous epoch in which we have to dwell. Meanwhile, never flinch, never weary, never despair.

1955年March1日，Winston Churchill，“Defence”, in parliamentary debates (House of Commons)，列 1905:

“[…] I’m not ignoring you, I’m very sorry, I’ll talk to you soon. Meanwhile, get your tickets.”

2004，David Osterczy，Interknot: Adventures in Internet Dating, →ISBN，頁 134:

Some songs on the album are beautiful. Meanwhile, others are quite forgettable.

專輯裡有些歌寫得很棒，可其他的卻顯得很不抓耳。

When you are in the studio you don’t have anybody to feed off of, meanwhile when you are playing live you interact with people and you feel the energy in the room.

2013年March29日，Markos Papadatos，引 Marina Diamandis, “Marina And The Diamonds on 'How to be a Heartbreaker'”, in Greek Reporter:


beg

源自中古英語 beggen，古英語 *becgan、*bedcan、*bedican的同化形，bedecian (“乞求，懇求”)的中略形，可能源自原始日耳曼語 *bedagô (“請求者；乞丐”)，源自*bedą、*bedō (“祈禱；請求”)。與北弗里斯蘭語 bēdagi (“祈禱”)、哥特語 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍅𐌰 (bidagwa，“乞丐”)、古英語 biddan (“要求”)有關。參見bid、bead；也見書面挪威語 be (“乞求，要求”)。

“Lord,” I prayed, “it's a long time since I came to You for anything besides a quick beg for help. And it seems every time I come to You I'm asking something bigger, more impossible. But I'm here again. […]

2008，Cathy Gohlke，William Henry is a Fine Name/I Have Seen Him in the Watchfires Set:


sabbath

Sabbath的首字母小寫形。

Far-right activists had organised their protest for the Jewish sabbath in an area with a 40% Jewish population.

2015年June30日，Harriet Sherwood，“London neo-Nazi rally moved after outcry from Jewish leaders and MPs”, in The Guardian:


fauna

源自新拉丁語 fauna，來自拉丁語 Fauna，和Faunus (“森林和牧人之神”)相關；與古希臘語 θαῦνον (thaûnon，“野生動物、野獸”)、θώς (thṓs，“胡狼，野狗；豹”)、弗里吉亞語 δάος (dáos，“狼”)同族。

faunae (plural)
faunas (plural)
faunæ (plural)

動物相 （自18世紀晚期）

the fauna of China

Japanese waters also support a rich and diverse shark fauna, including the smallest known shark Squaliolus laticaudus, and the bizarre goblin shark, Mitsukurina owstoni.

1983，Richard Ellis，The Book of Sharks，Knopf, →ISBN，頁 199:


gravitational wave

cosmic gravitational-wave background (CGB, CGWB)

gravity wave 有時被用作 gravitational wave 的同義詞，反之亦然。然而，前者通常指兩種流體在重力作用下相遇時形成的波，例如海面上受風吹拂形成的波浪，而不推薦使用該詞描述天體物理現象。

引力波；由加速質量引起的時空波動

It is therefore apparent that the existence of gravitational waves can be deduced from general relativity just as the existence of electromagnetic waves can be deduced from Maxwell's theory.

1941，Leopold Infeld，Quest: The Evolution of a Scientist，New York, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Co., →OCLC，頁 261:

It might be anticipated that a pulsating star, such as a Cepheid is believed to be, would emit gravitational waves abundantly; but when the question is examined analytically, this expectation is not confirmed.

1949，Edmund [Taylor] Whittaker，源自Euclid to Eddington: A Study of Conceptions of the External World，Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →OCLC，頁 119:

Fourth, there exists a strong competition on the side of purely astronomical means for indirect detection of gravitational waves.

2003，Astrophysics Update，Berlin: Springer-Verlag; Chichester, West Sussex: Praxis Publishing, →ISBN，頁 282:

A gravitational-wave detector exploits the physical effects of a gravitational wave on bodies to detect the waves. A gravitational wave detector may, for example, monitor the separation between two freely falling bodies; as a gravitational wave passes, the two bodies will experience a tidal acceleration relative to each other.

2011，Jolien D[onald] E[arl] Creighton with Warren G. Anderson, “Gravitational Waves”, in Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy: An Introduction to Theory, Experiment and Data Analysis，Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, →ISBN:

Physicists have announced the discovery of gravitational waves, ripples in spacetime first anticipated by Albert Einstein a century ago. “We have detected gravitational waves. We did it,” said David Reitze, executive director of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (Ligo), at a press conference in Washington.

2016年February11日，Tim Radford，“Gravitational waves: discovery hailed as breakthrough of the century: Scientists announce discovery of clear gravitational wave signal, ripples in spacetime first predicted by Albert Einstein”, in The Guardian，London:

These layers also permit visual observation of the well-known "gravitational waves," which were suggested by Helmholtz and have been investigated theoretically at some length. It is frequently suggested that these atmospheric waves may be connected with signal fading.

1951，Propagation of Short Radio Waves [IEE Electromagnetic Waves Series; 24]，London: Peter Peregrinus Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Electrical Engineers, →ISBN，頁 346:

It is difficult to see whether a sufficient amount of energy is communicated to the sea by the air masses directly in the form of compressional waves or it is transmitted or increased by the action of gravitational waves.

1953，J[ohan] G[erard Jozef] Scholte，“On Theories of the Origin of Microseisms”, in Symposium on Microseisms: Held at Arden House Harriman N.Y. 4–6 September 1952 [Publication (National Research Council); 306]，Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, →OCLC，頁 124:

In the used model sound waves and external gravitational waves have been filtered; combined inertial-internal gravitational waves, however, are still included in the equations.

1959，K. Hinkelmann，“Ein numerisches Experiment mit den primitiven Gleichungen”, in The Atmosphere and the Sea in Motion: Scientific Contributions to the Rossby Memorial Volume，New York, N.Y.: The Rockefeller Institute Press in association with Oxford University Press, →OCLC, abstract，頁 486:


abandoned

more abandoned (comparative)
most abandoned (superlative)

放蕩的 （首次用於1350年至1470年）

Such immunity to offenders offered a safe asylum to the vilest and most abandoned scoundrels.

1876，Alexander Davidson，A Complete History of Illinois from 1673 to 1884，頁 232:

被遺棄的，被拋棄的 （15世紀晚期）

[…] your abandoned streams […]

不羈的 （17世紀晚期）

Everything was dirty and shabby. There was no sign of the abandoned luxury that Colonel MacAndrew had so confidently described.

1919，W. Somerset Maugham，章號 11, in The Moon and Sixpence:


heating surface

[...] combined heating surface is 6,151 sq. ft. (tubes, 530 sq. ft., flues, 3,275 sq. ft., firebox, with arches and thermic syphons, 415 sq. ft., and superheater 1,931 sq. ft.); [...].

1941 January，“Recent North American Locomotives”, in Railway Magazine，頁 27:


driveway

driveway doesn't go all the way to the road

進入或循環通過一個確定的區域的道路；用於私人進出、維護、安全的道路

The design originally called for a 1-lane-wide driveway leading from the street to the parking area.

1988年April13日，Joseph Truni，“Asphalt Answers”, in Popular Mechanics，頁 127:

They drove in the driveway into the parking lot that was totally full.

2020年October28日，Franco La Monica，Catch 44，Meadville, Pennsylvania: Christian Faith Publishing, →ISBN，頁 37:


hydrochloric acid

用作食品中添加的酸度调节剂

muriatic acid

用作食品中添加的酸度调节剂

spirit of salt

用作食品中添加的酸度调节剂

spirits of salts

用作食品中添加的酸度调节剂

swimming pool acid

用作食品中添加的酸度调节剂

If not sufficiently purified, a little hydrochloric or oxalic acid, or caustic potash may be put in the water, according as the stains are from grease or from ink.

如果不够纯净，可以根据污渍来自油脂还是墨水，在水中加入少量盐酸或草酸或苛性钾。

1880，William Blades，The Enemies of Books，頁 92:

In the case of nitric acid, however, the employment of the aræometer introduces far greater errors than when it is used for sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and in most other cases, as the concentrated nitric acids as a rule always contain nitrogen tetroxide in solution, the quantity being seldom less than 1 per cent., but more generally several per cent., which makes its strength when taken with the aræometer seem greater than it actually is.

1905，Georg Lunge, Alfred Isaac Cohn，Techno‐Chemical Analysis，John Wiley & Sons，頁s 57–58:


cash on the barrelhead

在美國邊境，人們用木桶來作為桌子和寫字檯進行交易。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-cash on the barrelhead.ogg

"[W]e're selling, to the highest bidder, and for cash on the barrel head. . . . Cash in hand, no checks accepted."

1938年September1日，Charles B. Parmer，“Serial Story: Photo Finish—Twelve”, in Telegraph-Herald，Iowa, US, retrieved 2013-07-23，頁 11:

[I]n 1946 the U.S. exported $2,166 million worth of food. . . . Most of this ($1,354 million) was paid for, cash on the barrelhead. But $628 million was the U.S. contribution to UNRRA stocks, and $184 million went through Lend-Lease.

1947 March 31, Foreign Relations: Potent Weapon, Time:

In return for support of an Iraq invasion, Turkey wanted—and got—immediate aid, cash on the barrelhead, rather than mere assurances about future help.

2003年February25日，Paul Krugman，“Threats, Promises and Lies”, in New York Times, retrieved 2013-07-22:


impregnate

較早的形式作 impregn，源自中古法語 imprégner，源自古法語 enpreignier。

impregnates (third-person singular present)
impregnating (present participle)
impregnated (past participle)

I was impregnated at a clinic but don't know who the sperm donor is.

我在診所受孕，但不知道精子捐贈者是誰。

The queen at their head, the representative of the future, has not yet been impregnated. Their entire destiny depends on the ensuing nuptial flight.

1903 [1901]，Maurice Maeterlinck，譯者 Alfred Sutro, The Life of the Bee，New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company，頁 264:

使滲入，浸透，浸漬；用物質填滿孔隙或空間

It takes a little time for the personal fatty acids to impregnate new shoes or boots, but from the scent point of view leather is a sponge, and the personal scent is left.

1937，Hugh Bertie Campbell Pollard，The mystery of scent，頁 121:


magnetic field

David (1904) and Brunhes (1906) first observed magnetizations in lava flows that were roughly opposed to that of the present earth's magnetic field.

1983，Ronald T. Merrill, Michael W. McElhinny，The Earth's Magnetic Field: Its History, Origin, and Planetary Perspective，Academic Press，頁 135:

In contrast to the IQHE^([Integer Quantum Hall Effect]), the fractional quantum Hall effect occurs in much stronger magnetic fields, and in this case electrons cannot be considered as noninteracting ones.

1996, V. R. Khalilov, Electron Strong Magnetic Field, [1988, V. R. Khalilov, Elektroni v silnom magnetom poli, Energoatomizdat, Moscow], Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, page 123,

The magnetic field B bears the same relation to a hypothetical magnetic charge m as the electric field bears to the electric charge q, so the development of the previous chapter can be taken over completely. The stress tensor for a magnetic field Bᵢ is identical in form to that for the electric field. The energy density is obviously B²/8π and the magnetic field is a physical reality just like the electric field. Electric and magnetic fields superpose linearly[…]. This is perhaps a convenient place to remark that a magnetic field exerts no force whatever on an electric charge.

2007，Eugene N. Parker，Conversations on Electric and Magnetic Fields in the Cosmos，Princeton University Press，頁 25:

The turian homeworld, Palaven, has a metal-poor core, generating a weak magnetic field and allowing more solar radiation into the atmosphere.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect，Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：Turians: Biology Codex entry:

The scientific instruments of the day recorded rapid fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field, as powerful electrical currents flowed through the upper atmosphere.

2023年November15日，Prof. Jim Wild，“This train was delayed because of bad weather in space”, in RAIL，期 996，頁 30:


Markov chain

The probability density of the Bayseian posterior was estimated by Metropolis-coupled Markov chain Monte Carlo, with multiple incrementally heated chains.

2004年July27日，F. Keith Barker et al.，“Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation”, in PNAS，頁 11040，列 2:


Markov process

得名自俄羅斯數學家 Andrey Markov (Андре́й Андре́евич Ма́рков) (1856—1922)。

馬爾可夫過程，馬爾夫過程

It has been remarked in 1 that a Markov process with time reversal is again a Markov process.

2007，N. G. Van Kampen，Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry，第3rd版，頁 81:

The second part is written for probabilists and it studies the case where fast motions are certain Markov processes such as random evolutions and, in particular, diffusions.

2009，Yuri Kifer，“Large Deviations and Adiabatic Transitions for Dynamical Systems and Markov Processes in Fully Coupled Averaging”, in Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society，號 944，頁 vii:

In the theory of Markov processes most attention is given to homogeneous (in time) processes.

2013, M. G. Shur, Markov Process, entry in Michiel Hazewinkel (editor), Encyclopaedia of Mathematics, Volume 6, page 102,


molybdenum

借自新拉丁語 molybdaenum，來自molybdaena (“任何像鉛的物質”)，來自古希臘語 μολύβδαινα (molúbdaina，“鉛墜，一塊鉛”)，來自μόλυβδος (mólubdos，“鉛；石墨”)，來自安那托利亞語族詞彙同源的呂底亞語 𐤪𐤠𐤭𐤦𐤥𐤣𐤠 (mariwda，“黑暗”)，來自原始印歐語 *morkʷ-iyo-，來自詞根*morkʷ- (“暗”)，與英語 murk同源。參見拉丁語 plumbum nigrum (“鉛”)。後綴為 + -um (“化學元素”)。
18世紀最後25年被證實。

molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum disulphide

The metals at preſent amount to 21 ; only 11 of which were known before the year 1730. Their names are gold, ſilver, platinum, mercury, copper, iron, tin, lead, zinc, antimony, biſmuth, arſenic, cobalt, nickel, manganeſe, tungſten, molybdenum, uranium, tellurium, titanium, chromum.

1803，“Of Metals”, in Supplement to the Third Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature，第2nd版, 卷 I，頁 225:

Technical terms like ferrite, perlite, graphite, and hardenite were bandied to and fro, and when Paget glibly brought out such a rare exotic as ferro-molybdenum, Benson forgot that he was a master ship-builder, […]

1928，Lawrence R. Bourne，章號 4, in Well Tackled!:

At pH levels below 5, wheat yields may be low, molybdenum may become unavailable to plants, and other trace elements may be concentrated to toxic levels.

1990，Arthur J. Conacher，“Salt of the Earth”, in Environment，卷 32, 號 6，頁 40:

a quadruple bond between molybdenums

Thus in M₄O₁₁, for example, ¾ of the molybdenums are octahedrally connected and ¼ are tetrahedrally coordinated and, furthermore, the formula is compatible with the existence of one Mo(IV) for every three Mo(VI), so at first glance the compound might appear to be a class I mixed valence system.

2007，Peter Day，Molecules into Materials: Case Studies in Materials Chemistry—Mixed Valency, Magnetism and Superconductivity，頁 233:


turmoil

未知。首个记录见于1520年，可能源自古法語 tremouille (“磨粉机的漏斗”)。

Oleg Blokhin's side lost the talismanic Andriy Shevchenko to the substitutes' bench because of a knee injury but still showed enough to put England through real turmoil in spells.

2012年June19日，Phil McNulty，“England 1-0 Ukraine”, in BBC Sport:

The Taoists developed their philosophy during an extended era of turmoil known as the Warring States period of Chinese history.

2024年January14日，Charles Hugh Smith，Self-Reliance, Taoism and the Warring States:


quartzite

Following the course of the river from New Ulm to Fort Ridgely, there are several exposures of reddish-brown “granite” or quartzites, which has been quarried in a few places, but I do not feel entirely sure of its connection with the rocks in the prairie or at the Ferry below.

1869，James Hall，“Notes upon the Geology of Some Portions of Minnesota, from St. Paul to the Western Part of the State”, in Transactions of the American Philosophical Society，卷 XIII，頁 331:

The stone experimented upon being of the hardest and toughest kind the effect is not seen for several strokes ; but within two minutes, during which the writer watched the experiment, a steel chisel was completely blunted and rendered useless, and there was a hole made about two inches deep in the mass of quartzite placed to operate upon.

1870年November13日，Professor Ansted，“The Passage of the Mont Cenis”, in The Gentleman's Magazine，卷 229，頁 656:

Granites of the usual type, compact reddish or greyish quartz-felsite or rhyolite alternate one with another. A mica-trap is also found. Evidently this is an extension of the last group of rocks. A specimen of epidotic quartzite proves that there are, at any rate, some indications of the metamorphic series.

1883，T. G. Bonney，“On a Collection of Rock Specimens from the Island of Socotra”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society，卷 174，頁 273:


recovery time

Actually, the point-to-point times in general were not varied; the additions were all in the form of blocks of recovery time over certain selected stretches of line.

1959 October，Cecil J. Allen，“Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 475:


remote control

A single slice of this could leave you supine in front of the Queen's speech without even the wherewithal to reach for the remote control.

2011年December15日，Felicity Cloake，“How to cook the perfect nut roast”, in Guardian:


titanium

Even as FDA works to develop that plan, consumers continue to be exposed to unsafe food chemicals including not just dyes but also the artificial sweetener aspartame, the white pigment titanium dioxide, the preservative propylparaben, and the phthalate food packaging chemicals, according to CSPI.

2025年January15日，“FDA moves to eliminate carcinogenic Red 3 from foods”, in Center for Science in the Public Interest:


a cappella

借自意大利語 alla cappella (“以[西斯廷]教堂的方式”)，指非器樂合唱團。

a capella (alternative)
acapella (alternative)

/ˌɑ kəˈpɛl.ə/

與一種主要與美國大學表演團體相關的純聲樂形式有關的

Socially, a cappella groups tend to be tight-knit ensembles in which close interpersonal relationships are formed.

2012，Joshua S. Duchan，Powerful Voices，頁 2:


aba

源自阿拉伯語 عَبَاءَة (ʕabāʔa)。對照abaya。

阿拉伯式寬鬆無袖服裝，由上述材料或絲綢製成（首次使用於19世紀早期）

'A pale mauve abba such as you buy in the East.'

1934，Agatha Christie，章號 5, in Murder on the Orient Express，London: HarperCollins, 出版於 2017，頁 110:

Here Nessim would sit night after night in the winter, dressed in his old rust-coloured abba, staring gravely at Betelgeuse, or hovering over books of calculations for all the world like a medieval soothsayer.


abattis

abatis的另一種拼寫法

He withdrew Torfrida and his men into the heart of the forest,—no hint of the place is given by the chronicler,—cut down trees, formed an abattis of trunks and branches, and awaited the enemy.

1866，Charles Kingsley，章號 34, in Hereward the Wake，London: Nelson，頁 469:


abdicate

* 首次記錄於1541年。
* 派生自拉丁語 abdicātus (“放棄的”)，abdicō (“放棄，拒絕”) 的完成被動分詞，源自ab (“離開”) + dicō (“宣告、表明”)，類似於dīcō (“說”)。

abdicates (third-person singular present)
abdicating (present participle)
abdicated (past participle)

投降、放棄或交出（主權等）；不再擔任或履行高級職位、身分 （首次記錄於17世紀）

to abdicate the throne, the crown, the papacy

The cross-bearers abdicated their service.

1776，Edward Gibbon，The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire:

He abdicates all right to be his own governor.

1790，Edmund Burke，Reflections on the Revolution in France:

The understanding abdicates its functions.

1856，James Anthony Froude，History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth:

放棄王位或其他高級職位、身分 （18世紀早期－）

Though a king may abdicate for his own person, he cannot abdicate for the monarchy.


abduct

派生自拉丁語 abductus，abduco (“帶走”)的完成被動分詞，源自 ab (“遠離”) + duco (“帶領”)。
* (生理學)： abduction 的逆構詞。

abducts (third-person singular present)
abducting (present participle)
abducted (past participle)

誘拐；劫持；綁架 （17世紀早期）

That same night he had by force abducted the president and the secretary of the club, and had taken them, much against their will upon a voyage in the wonderful air-ship, the “Albatross,” which he had constructed.

1904，Jules Verne，章號 16, in The Master of the World:

to abduct children


vert

源自中古英語 vert，源自古法語 vert，源自拉丁語 viridis。 virid 的同源對似詞。

“I understand thee,” said the King, “and the Holy Clerk shall have a grant of vert and venison in my woods of Warncliffe.”


abigail

源自人名Abigail，17世紀初的劇作《The Scornful Lady》中一位女侍者的名字。

女僕，侍女，丫頭 （17世紀中期－19世紀）

It was therefore concluded that the Abigails should, by turns, relieve each other on one of his lordship’s horses, which was presently equipped with a side-saddle for that purpose.

In the servants’ hall two coachmen and three gentlemen’s gentlemen stood or sat round the fire; the abigails, I suppose, were upstairs with their mistresses; the new servants, that had been hired from Millcote, were bustling about everywhere.


abhorrent

借自拉丁語 abhorrēns, abhorrēntis，abhorreō (“痛恨”) 的現在主動分詞。等價於abhor + -ent。

more abhorrent (comparative)
most abhorrent (superlative)

背离的，相悖的，相反的 （16世纪末）

abhorrent thoughts

The persons most abhorrent from blood, and treason, and arbitrary confiscation, might remain silent spectators of this civil war between the vices.

1803，Edmund Burke，Reflections on the Revolution in France:

与...相反的，与...不协调的（17世纪中叶）

This legal, and, as it should seem, injudicious profanation, so abhorrent to out stricter principles, was received with a very faint murmur, ...

1827，Edward Gibbon，The History of the Decline And Fall of the Roman Empire:

In establishing his ideal state he expressed some opinions utterly abhorrent to our customs and ways of living. He believed, for instance, that all wives should be held in common ... with the result that no one could tell his own children from those of a perfect stranger.

1990，James Hankins，Plato in the Italian Renaissance:

令人厌恶的，可恨的，可憎的 （19世纪初叶）

If Pride, abhorrent as it is, and if Ambition, ...

That, I protest, is a doctrine psychologically impossible and ethically abhorrent.

The arts of pleasure in despotic courts I spurn, abhorrent; in a spotless heart I look for pleasure.


safety valve

outlet

發洩情緒的途徑，舒緩情緒的方法

release

發洩情緒的途徑，舒緩情緒的方法

Spun glass mattresses are used for lagging the boiler, which has three Ross pop safety valves on the front ring.

1941 April，“British Locomotive Developments”, in The Railway Magazine，London: Tothill Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 173:

[A]nd to show that there was no shortage of steam, Royal Scot, directly we stopped, blew off vigorously from its safety-valves steam that well might have been used in the cylinders in the interest of timekeeping.

1959 April，Cecil J. Allen，“Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Trains Illustrated，London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 185:

發洩情緒的途徑，舒緩情緒的方法

美國的一條法律，編入美国法典第§3553條，授權法官對很少或沒有犯罪前科的罪犯不適用強制性最低刑罰

Hernández additionally requested that he be given a two-level safety-valve reduction pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2, which mitigates the harsh effect of mandatory minimum sentences on certain first-time offenders who played only supporting roles in drug-trafficking schemes and who provided testimony about their involvement in the criminal activity.

2020年June30日，David Jeremiah Barron, Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit，“United States v. Hernández-Hernández”, in Federal Reporter […] (No. 19-1123)，卷 964, St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2023-07-02，頁 100:


zealous

來自古希臘語 ζῆλος (zêlos，“熱心、戒備”)，來自ζηλόω (zēlóō，“競爭，嫉妒”)。jealous 的同源對似詞。

zelous (alternative)
more zealous (comparative)
most zealous (superlative)

Doubtless many will exclaim against the Roman Catholic Church for this; but the simple truth is that Protestantism was no less zealous against the new scientific doctrine.

1896，Andrew Dickson White，A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom，第2004版，頁 122:

[…]and there were few more zealous dancers at the fashionable balls in the Raleigh Tavern at Williamsburg.

1940，Foster Rhea Dulles，America Learns to Play: A history of popular recreation, 1607-1940，頁 61:

Newt Gingrich […]left Congress in 1998, following GOP midterm-election losses that many blamed on his zealous pursuit of Bill Clinton's impeachment.

2011 April 4，“Newt Gingrich”, in Time, retrieved 2013-09-09:


Taiwan

可追溯至1600年代，源自較早的 Tayuan、Tayoan 和其他變體，源自西拉雅語 taywan，由 tayw (“人”) + an (“地”) 組成。在荷蘭語文獻中作 Tayouan（以及其他變體），閩南語泉漳話作大員／大员 (Tāi-oân)（以及其他變體）。此詞最初是指今臺南安平一帶的一個沙質半島，後來成為整個島嶼的名稱。

Chinese Taipei

臺灣（國家名，位於東亞；法定名稱：中華民國；首都：臺北）。（自20世紀）

Republic of China

臺灣（國家名，位於東亞；法定名稱：中華民國；首都：臺北）。（自20世紀）

ROC

臺灣（國家名，位於東亞；法定名稱：中華民國；首都：臺北）。（自20世紀）

Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu

臺灣（國家名，位於東亞；法定名稱：中華民國；首都：臺北）。（自20世紀）

Formosa

臺灣島，臺灣海峽和菲律賓海之間的一個島嶼，也稱為福爾摩沙

Formosa

以臺灣島為中心，包括附近島嶼的行政區劃

Taiwan 和 Taiwanese 都被廣泛用作定語，例如 Taiwan/Taiwanese culture (“臺灣文化”)、Taiwan/Taiwanese government (“臺灣政府”)、Taiwan/Taiwanese food (“臺灣美食”)等。

以臺灣島為中心，包括附近島嶼的行政區劃
清朝的行政區劃
臺灣省，清帝國的行省 （自19世紀晚期）

In 1885 Governor LIU determined to reconstruct Taipei and make it the temporary capital until, the railway having on its way to Taiwan reached the old town of Changhua, in about the middle of Formosa, he should build a city near that place and make it, under the name of Taiwan, the capital of the province of Taiwan.

1896，J. D. Clark，Formosa，Shanghai: Shanghai Mercury, →OCLC，頁 44:

Near Bang-ka is Twa-tu-tia, the great center of the tea-trade of Formosa, and the capital of the province of Taiwan (i. e. Formosa) from 1885 to 1896.

艋舺附近是大稻埕，它是福爾摩沙茶葉貿易的重要中心，也是1885年至1896年間臺灣省（即福爾摩沙）的省會。

1898，“Bang-ka, or Mang-ka”, in Johnson's Universal Cyclopædia: A New Edition，卷 I, New York: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC，頁 480，列 2:

The Chinese forces holding Formosa numbered about 50,000 men, and its defence was ably conducted by Liu Ming-chüan, then imperial High Commissioner ad hoc afterwards first governor of the newly created province of Taiwan.

控制福爾摩沙的中國軍隊約有五萬人，其防禦由時任欽差大臣、後來擔任新成立的臺灣省首任總督的劉銘全出色地指揮。

1918，馬士，“France and Tongking”, in The International Relations of the Chinese Empire，卷 II, 朗文出版社, →OCLC，頁 861:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:Taiwan。


sea urchin

來自sea + urchin (“刺蝟”)，因其外型類似刺蝟。

/ˈsi ˌɝtʃɪ̈n/

Of the many species of sea urchins utilized in biological research today the most widely used in North America is probably the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.

1986, Patrick S. Leahy, Chapter 1: Laboratory Culture of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Adults, Embryos, and Larvae, Thomas E. Schroeder (editor), Methods in Cell Biology, Volume 27: Echinoderm Gametes and Embryos, page 2,

The pericentriolar radial complex characteristic of the spermatozoa of other echinoderms is lacking in the spermatozoa of all sea urchins.

2001，V. L. Kasyanov，Reproductive Strategy of Marine Bivalves and Echinoderms，頁 90:

Approximately 20% of sea urchins are direct-developers, meaning that they bypass the pluteal larval stage and develop directly into an adult sea urchin.

2004，Belinda J. Sly，The Development and Evolution of the Echinoderm Nervous System，頁 9:


dachshund

借自德語 Dachshund (“獾犬”)；Dachs (“獾”) + Hund (“狗”)。

We had decided to take a small dog for the children and we chose a tan, short-haired, six-week-old male dachshund. We named him Fritz.

2006，Ted Freeman，Doctor in Vanuatu，Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, →ISBN，頁 35:


acquiescer

On the basis of these scores, patients were designated High Acquiescers and Low Acquiescers.

1969，Digest of Neurology and Psychiatry，頁 82:


access time

電腦資料在存取所需的時間

Random access files have a fast access time, but they cannot easily produce sequential lists.

1986，Roger R Flynn，An Introduction to Information Science:


accessibility

來自accessible + -ity，按照晚期拉丁語 accessibilitas所造，來自拉丁語 accessibilis。

無障礙；為有某些障礙的用戶增加軟件可用性的功能

He says the company's FLIRT design, in particular its retractable steps, provides greater accessibility, while the technology is highly innovative and reliable.

2021年May19日，David Clough，“Swiss precision meets UK growth”, in RAIL，期 931，頁 57:


survival of the fittest

由哲学家赫伯特·斯宾塞在1864造出，受查爾斯·達爾文的《物種起源》所啟發，並被達爾文用於其之後的版本。

自然選擇；字面意思為最適者生存、適者生存

Slow though the process of selection may be, if feeble man can do much by artificial selection, I can see no limit to the amount of change, to the beauty and complexity of the coadaptations between all organic beings, one with another and with their physical conditions of life, which may have been effected in the long course of time through nature's power of selection, that is by the survival of the fittest.

1872，Charles Darwin，“Chapter IV”, in The Origin of Species，第Sixth London Edition版:


time lag

Owing to the time lag which must occur between the dates of closing for press and publication, it sometimes happens that items of news are out of date, or inaccurate, by the time they reach readers.

1947 January and February，“Notes and News: Steamer Services on the Clyde”, in Railway Magazine，頁 50:

The communicating doors of adjoining vehicles are opened simultaneously by pressing a large push-button located a suitable height for a man loaded with mailbags to contact it with his shoulder; after a time-lag of seven seconds the doors close automatically.

1959 December，“New TPOs for the Western Region”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 581:


hummingbird

來自humming (名詞) + bird，來自翅膀快速拍動發出的嗡嗡聲。

humming bird (alternative)
humming-bird (alternative)
hummingbirds (plural)

/ˈhʌmɪŋˌbɝd/

/ˈhʌmɪŋˌbɜːd/

Soon I hear the low all-pervading hum of an approaching hummingbird circling above the rock, …

1857 Thoreau, Henry David, journal entry, May 29, 1857. From Thoreau on Birds: notes on New England birds from the Journals of Henry David Thoreau, Boston: Beacon Press, 1993, p238. (Originally published as the anthology Thoreau's bird-lore, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1910, edited by Francis H. Allen.)

Beyond the veranda was a small cleared garden, bounded with cactus hedges and adorned with clumps of flowering shrubs, round which the great blue butterflies and the tiny humming-birds fluttered and darted in crescents of sparkling light.

1912，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，The Lost World:


honey

來自中古英語 hony, honi，來自古英語 huniġ，來自原始西日耳曼語 *hunag，來自原始日耳曼語 *hunagą（對照西弗里斯蘭語 hunich、德語 Honig），來自早期*hunangą（對比瑞典語 honung），來自原始印歐語 *kn̥h₂onk-o-s，來自*kn̥h₂ónks。和中古威爾士語 canecon (“金”)、拉丁語 canicae 複 (“糠”)、吐火羅語B kronkśe (“蜂”)、阿爾巴尼亞語 qengjë (“蜂巢”)、古希臘語 κνῆκος (knêkos，“紅花”)、北庫爾德語 şan (“蜂巢”)、北盧里語 گونج (gonj，“蜂”)同源。

The physical properties of the different honeys, color, granulation, aroma, flavor, etc., are indicated in the table only in a very general way.

1908，United States. Bureau of Chemistry，Bulletin，期s 110-114:

If two of the California honeys, western hyssop and fleabane, having a positive polarization at 200 C. are disregarded, then the remaining...

Eucalyptus honeys could be characterized based on seven volatile compounds, whereas lavender honeys had only five...

2011，Stephen Taylor，Advances in Food and Nutrition Research，卷 62:


water level

There is one feature of interest: at Rendsburg after a not too-easily graded ascent from the plain by means of an embankment, the train crosses the Kiel Canal by a double-track steel bridge 138 ft. above water-level, with, on a clear day, magnificent views over the countryside, and then loops round right, descending to canal level and, parallel with the canal, crossing under the bridge over which it passed a few minutes previously.

1949 September and October，“The "Nord Express"”, in Railway Magazine，頁 337:

(定語) 沿著河岸和海岸線的路線

The water-level route, the whistle and the loud staccato exhaust of this great engine recalled most vividly memories of the New York Central Hudsons highballing along the Hudson River between Harmon and Albany!

1960 October，P. Ransome-Wallis，“Modern motive power of the German Federal Railway: Part Two”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 613:


triple point

A solid sublimes only when the pressure of its vapor is below that of the triple point for that substance.

2006，David B. Troy, Paul Beringer，Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, →ISBN，頁 179:

三相點：入射衝擊波、反射衝擊波、馬赫桿和一個滑流的交匯點

When the incident shock wave is at position “a” the second triple point, T, is still inside the zone where the vibrational degree of freedom has not yet reached its equilibrium and the dissociational degree of freedom is still frozen at that position, as its excitation can be assumed to start only after vibrational equilibrium is reached.

2007，Gabi Ben-Dor，Shock Wave Reflection Phenomena, →ISBN，頁 198:

A triple point may have a convex Mach stem, in which case the SS points upward.

2012，George Emanuel，Shock Wave Dynamics: Derivatives and Related Topics, →ISBN，頁 81:

One constant, however, is that the flow, just downstream of the incident shock, at a triple point, must be supersonic.

2015，George Emanuel，Analytical Fluid Dynamics, Third Edition, →ISBN，頁 130:

三相點：曲線和曲面延三條弧線相交的點

The number of the distinguished edges whose orientations point towards the triple point is exactly one, or exactly two.

1998，J. Scott Carter, Masahico Saito，Knotted Surfaces and Their Diagrams, →ISBN，頁 162:

A cubic surface with a triple point (a cubic cone) may or may not be rational.

2007，Rida T Farouki，Pythagorean-Hodograph Curves: Algebra and Geometry Inseparable, →ISBN:

三相點：囚錮鋒、冷鋒、暖鋒的交點

A further investigation is made of the reasonably-close relationship between some multiple tornado outbreaks in the British Isles and the passage of frontal-system triple points (TPs) using, principally, TORRO records and the hourly British Isles charts archived by the Meterorological Office at Bracknell.

1993，Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts:

...together at the point of occlusion, or triple point, where conditions are favorable for formation of a new cyclone, sometimes called a secondary cyclone.

2002，Joseph M. Moran，Online weather studies, →ISBN，頁 232:

The point where occluding starts is the triple point, because there are three air masses involved: that ahead of the occlusion, the warm air aloft, and the air behind the occlusion, or where the cold, warm and occluded fronts meet.

2013，Phil Croucher，Private Helicopter Pilot Studies JAA BW, →ISBN，頁 8-34:

三相點：乾線、外流邊界、冷鋒等兩條邊界的交點

Few, however, reach the African continent; some dissipate in the intertropical-front bulge east of southern Africa; others form triple points with the temperate fronts available for recurving anywhere between Australia and the Seychelles-Madagascar-Mascarenes (Reunion-Mauritius-Rodriguez) sector.

1947，Maurice Adolph Garbell，Tropical and Equatorial Meteorology，頁 205:

It is concluded that the severe storms formed in close proximity to a "triple point" (TP), at which a synoptic cold front and "insolation-enhanced" warm front intersected.

2006，The International Journal of Meteorology:

Such a 'piecrust model' has been used to explain the generation of triple points which can give rise to splitting of a continental body.

2003，Neville Price，Major Impacts and Plate Tectonics, →ISBN，頁 131:

Microstructures like static mineral growth, equilibrated grain boundaries with triple points especially in quartz and feldspar fabric and the lack of plastic crystal lattice deformations even in quartz indicate that metamorphism outlasted deformation.

2012，O. Oncken, C. Janssen，Basement Tectonics 11 Europe and Other Regions, →ISBN，頁 43:

End-member stable triple point configurations are indicated in which the triple point is fixed to the North or South American plates (dashed grey lines) or fixed to the Caribbean Plate (dotted grey lines).

2014，Duncan Keppie，The Analysis of Diffuse Triple Junction Zones in Plate Tectonics and the Pirate Model of Western Caribbean Tectonics, →ISBN，頁 24:


soundly

起於約1400年，源自 sound + -ly。本義為“安全地”。現有義項起於16世紀。

more soundly (comparative)
most soundly (superlative)

He was soundly thrashed by the semi-professional boxer.

他被半职业拳击手狠狠地揍了一顿。

I slept quite soundly last night.

The wedding company, fatigued with their enjoyment of the previous night, slept soundly late into the next morning.

1899，William George Aston，A History of Japanese Literature，頁 272:

My gold carried little weight with him, he was sincerely fond of me and consequently rated me soundly for all indiscretions, declaring I would regret wasting the best years of my life and deadening my vast talents […]

1911, L. D. Biagi, The Centaurians, Ch. I:


sugarcoat

源自 sugar + coat；比喻義來自給藥片裹上糖，以掩蓋其不好味道的做法（sugarcoating the pill）。

sugarcoats (third-person singular present)
sugarcoating (present participle)
sugarcoated (past participle)

/ˈʃʊɡɚˌkoʊt/

/ˈʃʊɡəˌkəʊt/

candy-coat

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

gild

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

gild the pill

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

sugarcoat the pill

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

There's no way to sugarcoat the loss of the space shuttle; it was an unmitigated disaster.

航天飞机的损失是无法掩盖的；这是一场彻头彻尾的灾难。

I went to the unheard-of trouble of re-writing the letter and saying the same harsh things softly, so as to sugarcoat the anguish and make it a little more endurable […]

我付出了前所未有的努力，重写了这封信，并温和地说出了同样严厉的话，以掩盖痛苦，使其更容易忍受{ […]

1876年November1日，Mark Twain，“Letter to Mr. Burrough, of St. Louis”, in The Letters Of Mark Twain,，卷 3:

[…] And I don't think we can sugarcoat both the human toll that is unfolding in Ukraine, but also how it is reordering the international architecture in ways that we haven't seen in decades.

[…] 我认为，我们无法掩盖乌克兰事件造成的人员伤亡，以及它如何以几十年来未曾见过的方式改变国际格局。

2022年March23日，Barack Obama，片头起2:52, in Centennial Celebration Conversation with President Barack Obama and Yo-Yo Ma，Chicago Council on Global Affairs, 經由 YouTube:

"The insurgents killed them all?"
"Very likely." Scout's expression was kindly, but he was apparently not the sort to sugarcoat things. Then again, maybe he had simply read her receptivity well.

2023年October12日，HarryBlank，“Fire in the Hole”, in SCP Foundation，存檔自the original on 2024-09-02:


prim

源自 普羅旺斯方言 prim (“細膩、優秀”)，源自古法語 prim，prin，源自:Template:lena 拉丁語 primus (“首先”)。prime 的同源對似詞。

primmer (comparative)
primmest (superlative)

God damn it, what does she want of me, this sad, beautiful bridgeplayer of the Fifth Floor, with her air of lost love and her prim carnality? After seven years of her, Brotherhood still had no idea. He'd be out touring the stations, he'd be in Bongabonga land. He'd not speak or write to her for months. Yet he'd hardly unpacked his toothbrush before she was in his arms, demanding him with her sad and hungry eyes.


accelerator

* 1611年初次使用。
* (機動車)： 1900年首次使用。
* accelerate + -or

If they had allowed single-character accelerators, Windows wouldn't be able to determine whether the character was input or a shortcut.

2002，Davis Howard Chapman，Sams Teach Yourself Visual C++ .NET in 21 Days，頁 187:


cadi

qadi (“某些伊斯蘭國家的民事法官”)的另一種寫法

[…] look at these Christians closely, and you will abhor them. They are the worshippers of gold, not the followers of Alla. The poorest Mussulman has more hospitality than their Cadi; more charity than their Imans; more honesty than their Viziers.

1819，Henry Tudor Farmer，Imagination; the Maniac's Dream: And Other Poems，頁 157:


cheerio

/ˈtʃɪəɹ.i.əʊ/

/ˈt͡ʃɪəɹ.i.oʊ/

一種小香腸，在聚會上經常搭配番茄醬一起食用

The man who has gone around the cocktail circuit pounding cheerios to the end of time did not come in here and open his mouth once on the Bill.

1978，New Zealand. Parliament. House of Representatives，Parliamentary Debates，頁 4230:


Chilean

The Chilean Amphijubula Schust. (Schuster, 1970a) which has the facies of a small Frullania and agrees with Frullania in leaf insertion and branching, has a nontiered seta with 16 epidermal cell rows surrounding 4 inner rows.

1992年，魯道夫馬蒂亞斯舒斯特，The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian，卷 V, 伊州芝加哥: 菲爾德自然史博物館, →ISBN，頁 6:


cartomancy

These travelling magicians [...] rarely penetrated more deeply into magic than cartomancy, palmistry and the like.

1936，Rollo Ahmed，The Black Art，London: Long，頁 91:


civet

來自法語 civette，來自意大利語 zibetto，來自中世紀拉丁語 zibethum，來自阿拉伯語 زَبَاد (zabād)。

LEONATO. Indeed he looks younger than he did, by the loss of a beard.

1599, William Shakespeare, Much Ado About Nothing, Act 3 Scene 2

Your onely way to make a good pomander, is this. Take an ownce of the pureſt garden mould, clenſed and ſteeped ſeauen daies in change of motherleſſe roſe water, then take the beſt Labdanum, Benioine, both Storaxes, amber greece, and Ciuet, and muſke, incorporate them together, and work them into what form you pleaſe; this, if your breath bee not to valiant, will make you ſmell as ſweete as my Ladies dogge.

1607，[attributed to Thomas Tomkis]，Lingva: Or The Combat of the Tongue, and the Five Senses for Superiority. A Pleasant Comœdie.，London: Printed by G[eorge] Eld, for Simon Waterson, →OCLC, Act IV, scene iii:


catamaran

借自泰米爾語 கட்டுமரம் (kaṭṭumaram)，來自கட்டு (kaṭṭu，“繫”) + மரம் (maram，“樹，木頭”)。

音頻（加拿大口音，合成）

Swift over the seas the vessel drives; Madras appears in sight. The first object catching the eye, upon the anchor being cast, was an Indian upon his catamaran, who, making a sudden motion, sprung to the side of the ship, grappled there for a moment, and the next was on the deck.

1838，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，Duty and Inclination，卷 II, London: Henry Colburn，頁 218:

She meddles with my prescriptions for your wife; she doctors the infant in private: you'll never have a quiet house or a quiet wife as long as that old Catamaran is here.

1889，William Makepeace Thackeray，Hobson's Choice:


catlike

more catlike (comparative)
most catlike (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-catlike.wav

緩慢的，謹慎的，安靜的，隱密的

With cat-like tread,
 Upon our prey we steal;
In silence dread,
 Our cautious way we feel.

1879，W. S. Gilbert，The Pirates of Penzance, Act II:


cellar

繼承自中古英語 celer, seler，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 celer, 古法語 celier（現代cellier），來自晚期拉丁語 cellārium，來自拉丁語 cella。cellarium 的同源對似詞。

cellars (third-person singular present)
cellaring (present participle)
cellared (past participle)

Mr. VandenBerghe says he’s cellared such memorable bottles as the Batch 1 Adam from Hair of the Dog, a 14-year-old ale from Portland, Ore., that’s 10 percent alcohol, and the Trappistes Rochefort 10, a Quadrupel Belgian ale that peaks around age 10.

2008年June25日，Lucy Burningham，“Beer Lovers Make Room for Brews Worth a Wait”, in New York Times:


clinical

more clinical (comparative)
most clinical (superlative)

Remarkably United’s 10 men almost salvaged an improbable draw during a late, spirited challenge. They showed great competitive courage in that period and there were chances for Robin van Persie, Ángel Di María and Marouane Fellaini to punish City for defending too deeply and not being more clinical with their opportunities at the other end.

November 2 2014, Daniel Taylor, "Sergio Agüero strike wins derby for Manchester City against 10-man United," guardian.co.uk

Fly-half Jonny Wilkinson put his below-par performance against Argentina behind him with a fine first-half showing, slotting four kicks from six and controlling his back-line with aplomb, while England's three-quarters were brimming with life and clinical with their execution.

2011年September24日，Ben Dirs，“Rugby World Cup 2011: England 67-3 Romania”, in BBC Sport:


cloaca

借自拉丁語 cloāca (“下水道”)，來自cluō (“潔淨”)。

The Thames, polluted with the filthy effusions of the cloacae.

泰晤士河被阴沟里流出的污秽物所污染。

After working an hour, I began to speculate on the distance one had to go before the cloaca was reached the chances we had of missing it altogether.

1898，H.G. Wells，The War of the Worlds，London: William Heinemann，頁 266:

To every house […] a cloaca.

每家每户 […] 都有廁所。

1840，Frederick Marryat，章號 XXIV, in Olla Podrida:

Only think of that cloaca being supplied daily with such dainty bibliographical treasures!

1880，William Blades，The Enemies of Books，頁 55:

Across this shell [sc. of bone] small holes are eaten, by which the matter escapes, and which are called cloacae (Weidmann).

1846，Joseph François Malgaigne，譯者 Frederick Brittan, Manual of Operative Surgery，頁 172:


cloak-and-dagger

仿譯自法語 de cape et d'épée (“披風與劍”)；首次用於1840年。法語短語最初描述的是一種戲劇類型，其中主要角色穿著披風並持劍。1840年，亨利·華茲華斯·朗費羅使用了「cloak and sword」這個詞，而一年後查尔斯·狄更斯選擇了「cloak and dagger」。

covert

（常指間諜、故事等）神秘離奇的，詭秘的

clandestine

（常指間諜、故事等）神秘離奇的，詭秘的

undercover

（常指間諜、故事等）神秘離奇的，詭秘的

（常指間諜、故事等）神秘離奇的，詭秘的

Israel wages cloak-and-dagger war on Iran [headline]

2009年February18日，Philip Sherwell, Dina Kraft，“Israel wages cloak-and-dagger war on Iran”, in The Age:


criminological

more criminological (comparative)
most criminological (superlative)

In my own opinion, “criminal religious movements” (CRMs) is a more accurate and useful category than “cults.” It uses, although selectively, elements from the criminological tradition. It avoids the word “cult” and tries to disentangle the category from both the folk psychology of brainwashing and the politics of “extremism” in theology.

2023年March29日，Beatriz Caiuby Labate，Clancy Cavnar，Religious Freedom and the Global Regulation of Ayahuasca，Taylor & Francis, →ISBN:


conqueror

繼承自中古英語 conquerour，源自古法語 conquereor，源自 conquerre。By surface analysis, conquer + -or。

/ˈkɒŋˌkə.ɹə/

Croatia, England's World Cup semi-final conquerors in Moscow in July, looked set to inflict their curse once more and relegate Gareth Southgate's side from the elite group when Andrej Kramaric's twisting finish put them ahead via a deflection off Eric Dier after 57 minutes.

2018年November18日，Phil McNulty，“England 2 - 1 Croatia”, in BBC Sport:


consequential

more consequential (comparative)
most consequential (superlative)

The more profound and consequential the issue, the more stubborn our denial.

2023年September18日，Charles Hugh Smith，The Peculiar Power of Denial:


crosshair

I'm just a crosshair / I'm just a shot away from you

2004，Franz Ferdinand (band) （作曲作詞）, “Take Me Out”, in Franz Ferdinand:


crosshair

crosshairs (third-person singular present)
crosshairing (present participle)
crosshaired (past participle)

Watching hopefully for a buck to come along behind the does, I eyed them through the scope of the borrowed .243. From time to time, I crosshaired the vital areas .

1970，Nebraskaland - Volume 48, Issues 8-49，頁 21:

The next moment it was crosshaired by the electronic sights .

That's when Dad noticed one of P. V.'s deputies standing behind a truck about a hundred feet away, crosshairing a rifle straight at him.

2011，Carolyn Dennis-Willingham，No Hill for a Stepper，頁 234:

A red glowing reticle crosshaired whatever the laser's muzzle was pointed at, together with flickering numbers giving range, bearing, and probable targetID.

2014，Ian Douglas，The Complete Legacy Trilogy:

She fired a smile at him, the likes of which he hadn't seen in years—since Meg, in fact, had crosshaired him at the junior prom with one of those flirtations that he never would've believed the president of the Methodist Girls' Youth Group was capable of.

My kinfolks had crosshaired in on the truth of the world.

2004，The Iron Mountain Review - Volume 20，頁 24:

Shell-shocked, babies and children smothered the instinct to cry and clammed to backs and shoulders and the heldout hand, brave as their parents clinging to the hope of return to their homes crosshaired by the demolition man, as they sought cover under leaves in a shuddering forest.


coelacanth

來自新拉丁語屬名Coelacanthus，來自古希臘語 κοῖλος (koîlos，“空心”) + ἄκανθα (ákantha，“脊”)，指的是1839年路易·阿加西發現的化石標本尾鰭呈空心射線。

cœlacanth (alternative)
coelacanths (plural)

Among them were ancient relatives of the piranhas and those popular aquarium fish the tetras, along with garfish and freshwater coelacanths, known as mawsonids.

2018，Tim Flannery，Europe: A Natural History，頁 32:


cogeneration

The book project is part of a larger effort by Future Earth to build mechanisms for cogeneration of knowledge […]

2018，Thomas Elmqvist，The Urban Planet: Knowledge Towards Sustainable Cities，頁 xxix:


cohabitant

Even the discoveries, in the past several decades, that cats carry a parasite that could contribute to schizophrenia, and that outdoor cats wreak ecological disaster, haven’t budged a curiously imbalanced relationship with this furry companion—or maybe cohabitant is more accurate.

2016年November13日，Britt Peterson，“The Case Against Cats”, in The Atlantic:


cult

Two former cult members explain the difficulties they had extricating themselves from it.

"Screw cults' views!" shouted the counterprotestors repeatedly.

Werner Erhard's highly successful est cult is partly derived from Scientology. Erhard had some experience with Scientology in 1969. Then he worked for a while in Mind Dynamics, itself an offshoot of Jose Silva's Mind Control.

1985，Rodney Stark，Religious movements: Genesis, Exodus, and Numbers，Paragon House Publishers, →ISBN，頁 167:

There are scores of modern religious cults and sects that have been influenced by Hinduism to varying degrees. Werner Erhard, founder of 'Landmark Education's 'The Forum',' and 'est' seminars, which have about 700,000 graduates, was influenced by Hinduism through Swami Muktananda, one of Erhard's principal gurus.

1996，John Ankerberg, John Weldon，Encyclopedia of New Age Beliefs，Harvest House Publishers, →ISBN，頁 216:

Outsiders often criticize the extreme commitment of group members. But what is really happening is that leader and followers are conspiring to realize a vision that is falsified daily. For the cult is not paradise, and the leader is not God. Hence the follower is embattled; to squarely confront the many failings of the leader and the group is to call into question one's own great work. Only by daily recommitting himself can the follower continue to work toward his ultimate goal. Each follower works out a secret compromise, acknowledging some things while denying or distorting others. Clearly this is a high-risk strategy that may go awry.

1997，Len Oakes，“Followers and Their Quest”, in Prophetic charisma: The Psychology of Prophetic Charisma，Syracuse University Press, →ISBN，頁 137:

The difference between a cult and an established religion is sometimes about one generation.

1998年June17日，Scott McLemee，“Rethinking Jonestown”, in Salon.com:

If Jones' People's Temple wasn't a cult, then the term has no meaning.

Another potent element of the new cult milieu was the therapy sect, which offered believers the chance to achieve their full human potential through personal growth and self-actualization by taking total responsibility for one's actions. The prototypical movement of this kind was est (Erhard Seminar Training), in which intense and often grueling sessions forced followers to confront a new view of reality.

2000，Philip Jenkins，Mystics and Messiahs : Cults and New Religions in American History，London: Oxford University Press, →ISBN，頁 180:

He sounds like a cult leader about to demand his followers drink poison. And it frankly doesn’t help that he looks like Jim Jones to a genuinely creepy degree.

2016年November6日，“Multilevel Marketing”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver，季数 3, 集数 29, John Oliver (actor), 經由 HBO:

Marc Andreessen, a venture capitalist who has become one of Silicon Valley's most outspoken opponents of regulation, has described people who warn of existential risks from AI as a cult, no different from other millenarian movements that warn of impending social disasters.

2023年November25日，Richard Waters, John Thornhill，引 Marc Andreessen, “Tech's philosophical rift over AI”, in FT Weekend, Big Read，頁 6:


curvy

curvier (comparative)
curviest (superlative)

A city is entangled in straight lines, while nature is curvy. Fast is straight, but slow is curvy and patient.

2015，dehyun sohn, Hee-Jung Jang, Timothy Jung，Go Slow and Curvy: Understanding the Philosophy of the Cittaslow slowcity Phenomenon，Springer, →ISBN，頁 5:

I love this woman and her curvy body.

He tried to shift his focus back to Jessica and their wedding, but the soft, curvy blonde he'd met recently was stealing more and more of his attention.

2013，Ava Catori，The Big, Not-So-Small, Curvy Girls Dating Agency，Ava Catori Books:


cutter

通過割傷身體來進行自殘的人

After I got out of the mental institution I was looking at t.v. show I was looking it a teenage girl who was a cutter her arm look just like my arm.

2013，Leona Davis，Past, Future, and End，FriesenPress，頁 33:

Late night, take a flow, tryna find the rats
Twelve inch cutter in and out, then Imma ride them back

2017年July25日，Farley （作曲作詞）, “Out Here”，0:42–0:47:

Hop out the ride with things and stuff
Back the longest cutter, watch him cut him, [grate their neek trips?] up

2021年August16日，(Mali Strip) Killa Kurse x AR x Rondo （作曲作詞）, “Buck aii LGR diss”，1:23–1:28:

[…] swing my cutter
Get man down if he is on my brother

2021年November29日，KMulla （作曲作詞）, “Mutual Feeling”，1:24–1:27:


collogue

collogues (third-person singular present)
colloguing (present participle)
collogued (past participle)

And then it seems that she collogued with her master and heard word of a subtler device.

1902，John Buchan，The Outgoing of the Tide:

Ay, well, what I say - " Flusky frowned, endeavouring to put into words just what he did say, when he collogued with his own thoughts. "What I say: in a country where everything's to do, the hands has a chance to put themselves equal with the head."

1937，Helen Simpson，Under Capricorn (fiction):

You let Dunsey have it, sir? And how long have you been so thick with Dunsey that you must collogue with him to embezzle my money?

1861，George Eliot，Silas Marner (fiction), William Blackwood and Sons:

Witch Hunter: You dare to collogue about me with such a [contemnible] manner of speech?!

2022年November18日，Toontown: Corporate Clash Development Team，The Hires & Heroes Update (v1.3.0):


countermine

反地雷地雷（用來攔截敵方地雷或隧道的地雷）

Normally the threat would have been dealt with by means of a counter-mine, but the tunnel was now far too close for that.

1990，Peter Hopkirk，The Great Game，Folio Society, 出版於 2010，頁 436:

對抗計畫（挫敗另一個計謀或計劃的計策）

Thinking himself contemned, knowing no countermine against contempt but terror.

a. 1587，Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney]，“(please specify the page number)”, in The Covntesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia]，London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, 出版於 1590, →OCLC; republished in The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia (Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney; I)，Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1912, →OCLC:


countermine

countermines (third-person singular present)
countermining (present participle)
countermined (past participle)

謀劃反對，挫敗他人的舉動

[…] every gamester will agree how necessary it is to know exactly the play of another, in order to countermine him.

1749，Henry Fielding，章號 III, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史]，卷 (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VI:

[…]so Fritz could sleep easily in his trench, so far as mines were concerned; and Fritz, confident in his Herr Professors, altogether neglected any attempt to counter-mine.

1923，Frank Fox，“The Man-Made Earthquake”, in Charles Francis Horne, The Great Events of the Great War，卷 5:


courtroom

Dave: Livin’ the litigation life, ya gotta catch that courtroom rhythm.

2022年July11日，Toontown: Corporate Clash Development Team，Backstage Corporate Clash: Cog Building Music:


cowgirl

cowgirls (third-person singular present)
cowgirling (present participle)
cowgirled (past participle)

Once recovered I cowgirled him to a torturously slow climax, having him begging for release as I took him to the edge […]

2016，Angela Goodnight，My Life, My Loves: True, Explicit Autobiography:


creative

more creative (comparative)
most creative (superlative)

The future belongs to those aware enough to see the system, brave enough to reject it, and creative enough to build something better.

2025年January23日，Joshua Stylman，The Algorithmic Age:


decal

But your flag decal won't get you Into Heaven any more. / They're already overcrowded From your dirty little war.

1971，John Prine （作曲作詞）, “Your Flag Decal Won't Get You Into Heaven Anymore”, in John Prine:


deliver

來自中古英語 deliveren，來自盎格魯-諾曼語和古法語 delivrer，來自拉丁語 dē + līberō (“使自由”)。

delivre (alternative)
delivers (third-person singular present)
delivering (present participle)
delivered (past participle)

deliver a package;  deliver the mail

Mr. Cooke had had a sloop yacht built at Far Harbor, the completion of which had been delayed, and which was but just delivered.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年），Winston Churchill，章號 10, in The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

引渡，繳（槍械、毒品等）

deliver the thief to the police

Thou shalt deliver Pharaoh's cup into his hand.

你仍要遞杯在法老的手中。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 40:13:

The constables have delivered her over.

c. 1596–1599，William Shakespeare，“The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iv]:

The exalted mind / All sense of woe delivers to the wind.

1725，Homer, [Elijah Fenton], transl.，“Book IV”, in The Odyssey of Homer. […]，卷 I, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC:

"You know, he plays great sometimes when he doesn't score," Brown said. "Tonight, with Rip (Richard Hamilton) struggling, we needed somebody to step up, and he really did. He really delivered."

2004, Detroit News, Detroit Pistons: Champions at Work (page 86)

However, ministers argue they are delivering the Brexit demanded by the electorate – and say it is time for businesses to wean themselves off cheap migrant labour.

2020年February18日，“UK to close door to non-English speakers and unskilled workers”, in The Guardian:

The stories did not seem to me to touch life. […] They left me with the impression of a well-delivered stereopticon lecture, with characters about as life-like as the shadows on the screen, and whisking on and off, at the mercy of the operator.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年），Winston Churchill，章號 1, in The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

It’s a lovely sequence cut too short because the show seems afraid to give itself over to romance and whimsy and wistfulness when it has wedgie jokes to deliver.

2012年May27日，Nathan Rabin，“TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid On The Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:

England went into the interval 22-6 down, a second [Owen] Farrell penalty their only response to Scotland’s burst of tries. They had not conceded more points in a Six Nations match in the Eddie Jones era and when the whistle blew for the interval, Dylan Hartley formed his players into a circle to deliver a rallying cry.

2018年February24日，Paul Rees，“Finn Russell masterminds historic Scotland victory over England”, in The Guardian，London，存檔自the original on 2018-04-22:

deliver a speech

to deliver a blow

An uninstructed bowler […] thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straight forward.

1822，[Walter Scott]，Peveril of the Peak. […]，卷 (please specify |volume=I, II, III, or IV), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:


decohere

decoheres (third-person singular present)
decohering (present participle)
decohered (past participle)

Even the slightest disturbance causes qubits to “decohere”, shedding their magical properties.

2012年February25日，‘An uncertain future’，The Economist:

History suggests those in power will cling to whatever is working well for them even as the economy and society decay and decohere around them.

2024年July12日，Charles Hugh Smith，How Will We Distribute the Pain Ahead?:


decolonize

decolonizes (third-person singular present)
decolonizing (present participle)
decolonized (past participle)

扭轉殖民帶來的影響，恢復一個群體的自治權

Across Ukraine, officials are starting projects to, as they say, “decolonize” their cities. Streets and subway stops whose names evoke the history of the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union are under scrutiny by a population eager to rid itself of traces of the nation that invaded in late February.

2022年June7日，Erika Solomon，“Goodbye, Tchaikovsky and Tolstoy: Ukrainians look to ‘decolonize’ their streets.”, in The New York Times:

The arrival of Trump in the White House gave a new urgency to the idea that museums needed to “decolonize” their collections, atone for their past elitism, and become overtly political institutions rather than mere warehouses of valuable objects.

2022年October3日，Helen Lewis，“The Guggenheim’s Scapegoat”, in The Atlantic, →ISSN:


dedicatee

In 1949, having fallen in with some petty criminals, he was arrested for harboring stolen goods and subsequently committed to the New York State Psychiatric Institute, where he met the future dedicatee of "Howl," Carl Solomon.

2009年January11日，James Campbell，“Howls”, in New York Times:


dependable

But Datsyuk’s return rejuvenated the old dependables like Rafalski, Lidstrom and Marian Hossa, who consistently outshone Malkin and Crosby.

2009年June7日，Jeff Z. Klein，“At Full Strength, Red Wings Dominate”, in New York Times:


defenestration

來自新拉丁語 defenestratio，來自dē (“自；外”) + fenestra (“窗戶”) + -atio (表示動作或過程的後綴)；對照中古法語 défenestrer (現代法語 défenestrer)、défenestration、意大利語 defenestrazione、德語 Fenstersturz。動詞defenestrate是後來形成的。

把人拋出窗外 （自西元17世紀）

The "Defenestration" at Prague (A.D. 1618). [...] The imperial Austrian Councillors are thrown out of the window of the castle of Hradschin by the enraged Bohemian Deputies [...]

1905，The Great Events by Famous Historians; a Comprehensive and Readable Account of the World’s History, […]，卷s XI (A.D. 1609–1660), New York, N.Y.: National Alumni, →OCLC，頁s 62–75:

The Third Defenestration of Prague occurred on 10 March 1948. During the closing stages of the communist takeover in Czechoslovakia, Jan Masaryk, the popular foreign minister and son of Tomáš Masaryk, fell – or more likely was pushed – out of a window.

1996，Adrian [G. V.] Hyde-Price，“East Central Europe: A Brief History”, in The International Politics of East Central Europe，Manchester, New York, N.Y.: Manchester University Press, →ISBN, footnote 41，頁 40:

On September 11, 2001 when NYC's Twin Towers were impacted [...] some occupants trapped above the inferno facing certain death instead jumped from windows to their certain death (self defenestration).

2004，Paul Dehn Carleton，“Notes and References”, in Concepts: A ProtoTheist Quest for Science-minded Skeptics of Catholic, and Other Christian, Jewish & Muslim Backgrounds，Pontiac, Mich.: Carleton House, →ISBN, footnote 15，頁 359:

高調地將某人從組織中除名

Be that as it may, his defenestration was coldly abrupt, and in his place, the Football Association resurrected a veteran manager and former England star in Joe Mercer for seven games.

With Rishi Sunak and Sajid Javid gone from the cabinet, it could all be over for Boris Johnson – although quite how long it will take his enemies to finish him off is not at all clear and his defenestration does not look immediate.

2022年July5日，Andrew Sparrow，“As Sunak and Javid quit cabinet, is it all over for Boris Johnson?”, in The Guardian:

將微軟視窗操作系統從計算機中移除，以安裝替代系統的行為

Defenestration might be an option too. May I recommend Linux?

1998年November1日，“Dorian Bliss”，“He’s dead, Jim”, in rec.humor.oracle.d (Usenet), message-ID <363DA726.C27FA5F@spamfree.land>:

It's defenestration day in Redmond today. A clearly stunned Microsoft did what it could to pretend that Judge Jackson's findings of fact were "just one step", as [Bill] Gates put said in the prepared statement that he read at a press conference last night, but it was hopeless.

1999年November6日，Graham Lea，“Stunned MS vows to fight on for freedom: ‘Integrity, partnership, quality … giving’ – (takes out onion)”, in The Register，存檔自the original on 2014-08-19:

No defenestration here. Ask questions about all aspects of Windows programming, get help on Microsoft technologies covered in Apress books, or provide feedback on any Apress Windows book.

2002，John Kilburn，Palm Programming in Basic，Berkeley, Calif.: Apress, →ISBN，頁 392:

What's needed is defenestration – throwing out the Windows mindset along with Microsoft's licenses and software – but that's not as simple as changing a boot CD or even migrating a whole raft of servers. What's involved is fundamental change both in how IT operates and in what it does.

2004年February12日，Paul Murphy，“What does Linux cost?”, in LinuxInsider: Linux News & Information from around the World，存檔自the original on 2016-03-11:

Traditionally, the verb defenestrate means to throw out of a window. But as Australian companies take their first timid steps towards installing non-proprietary software on corporate desktops, defenestration is starting to be linked to the throwing out of Windows software.

2005年December1日，D. Braue，P. Gray，L. Colquhoun，J.-V. Douglas，“Leaders of the pack”, in MIS Asia: Managing Information Strategies，存檔自the original on 2007-10-07:


deterioration

源自法語 détérioration；在詞法上為deteriorate + -ion。

/dɪˌtɪəɹɪəˈɹeɪʃən/

/dɪˌtɪəɹɪˈeɪʃən/

The Queen may be celebrating her jubilee but the Queen's English Society, which has railed against the misuse and deterioration of the English language, is to fold.

2012年June4日，Lewis Smith，“Queen’s English Society says enuf is enough, innit?: Society formed 40 years ago to protect language against poor spelling and grammar closes because too few people care”, in The Guardian，London，存檔自the original on 2016-03-10:

"The quantum sensors will provide highly accurate measurements that will help to detect the rate of change of the track and subsequently, any deteriorations which might lead to faults."

2020年November18日，“Network News: Researchers team up on navigation data system”, in Rail，頁 23:


detrimental

來自中世紀拉丁語 *dētrīmentālis，來自拉丁語 dētrīmentum (“損傷”)，來自dēterō (“擦掉，磨損”)，來自dē- (“向下，遠離”) + terō (“擦或抓”)。

more detrimental (comparative)
most detrimental (superlative)

Smoking tobacco can be detrimental to your health.

"The fact is," continued he, "Lady Anne fears that my visits here may prove detrimental to what she considers your best interests. I thought myself an old, safe friend; but, as that cannot be explained to every body, she fears that I may keep off other and more eligible lovers."

1842，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Lady Anne Granard，卷 1，頁s 142-143:


dispersal

For a time, Okeh picked up the disk for national dispersal.

1990，Wayne Jancik，The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders, →ISBN，頁 145:

Plant breeding is always a numbers game.[…]The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, […]. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better. These rarities may be new mutations, or they can be existing ones that are neutral—or are even selected against—in a wild population. A good example is mutations that disrupt seed dispersal, leaving the seeds on the heads long after they are ripe.

2013 May-June，David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan，“Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist，卷 101, 期 3:

Problems of control in dispersals and in other prisons necessarily instigated a multiplicity of working theories to explain the difficulties […]

2012，D. Drake，Prisons, Punishment and the Pursuit of Security:


dissent

ethnopolitical dissent

A system that suppresses dissent is fault-intolerant, ignorant and fragile.

2013年June28日，Charles Hugh Smith，Why Centralization Leads to Collapse:


dissimulation

繼承自中古英語 dissimulacioun，來自古法語 dissimulation，來自拉丁語 dissimulātiō；等同於dissimule + -ation。

Perhaps it was best to tell Ethel at once: if ever she went into society at all, she would inevitably hear of it, and her own concealment would have the appearance of a dissimulation,—the furthest from her thoughts.

1837，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Ethel Churchill，卷 2，頁 233:


dissolvent

more dissolvent (comparative)
most dissolvent (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dissolvent.wav

solvent

有溶解力的，具有溶解固體的能力的

有溶解力的，具有溶解固體的能力的

[T]he operator evidently perceives the dissolvent property of the jaggery water, on its being tempered with the prepared mortar.

1834，Rám Ráz，Essay on the Architecture of the Hindús，倫敦: […] [F]or the Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland; by John William Parker, […], →OCLC，頁 64:


distracted

more distracted (comparative)
most distracted (superlative)

Plenty of accidents happened with a look-out present but momentarily distracted.

2021年September22日，Dr Mike Esbester，“Trackside safety: a permanent problem”, in RAIL，期 940，頁 79:


Djakarta

Jakarta (“雅加達”)的另一種拼寫法

KLM, on 12 September 1929, had inaugurated a fortnightly proving service to Djakarta from Amsterdam, a distance of 8540 miles and the longest air route in the world.

1985 John Gunn - The Defeat of Distance: Qantas 1919-1939

Many cities from Shanghai to Djakarta are badly polluted.

2002，Hilde Heynen，Back from Utopia: The Challenge of the Modern Movement:


doublethink

The stars can be near or distant, according as we need them. Do you suppose our mathematicians are unequal to that? Have you forgotten doublethink?

1949年June8日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，章號 3, in 《一九八四》，倫敦: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC; 再版 [澳大利亞]: 澳大利亞古騰堡計劃, 2001年8月, part 3，頁 242:

Any effort by the United States to halt these creeping advances of Communist imperialism became, by the same mad process of double-think, the only kind of "intervention" there ever could be.

1965年May11日，William S. White，“Doctrine of Nonintervention Comes Cropper In Dominica”, in The Morning Record，Meriden-Wallingford, Connecticut，頁 4:

Or does the hypocrisy and doublethink go beyond a loathing of the human body and an acceptance of violence to a very practical fear that such a club in a predominantly middle-class Caucasian neighborhood will drive down property values?

1992年March5日，Sylvain Fribourg，“The Agony of the Extasy [Letter to the Editor]”, in Los Angeles Times:

The same sort of doublethink is evident in the White House’s treatment of firsthand impeachment witnesses.

2019年December2日，Eric Lutz，“Trump Lawyer Cites No Due Process as Reason to Sit Out Due Process”, in Vanity Fair:


dovetail

鴿子尾巴
榫頭
類似燕尾榫的線
名詞衍生自dove + tail。動詞衍生自名詞。

dovetails (plural)
dove-tail (alternative)
dufftail (alternative)

Beſides this, another fine Starfiſh came to my Hands, […] Its body hath ten corners, and it hath a Star above vvith as many Rays; each of theſe one may compare unto a Sail of the VVindmills that the Children run againſt the VVind vvithal, or to a piece of ſuch Croſſes that are broad before, and narrovv vvhere they meet together; that is to ſay, of the ſhape of a Dove-tail: […]

1694，John Narborough, Jasmen Tasman [i.e., Abel Tasman], John Wood, Frederick Marten [i.e., Friedrich Martens]，“[The Voyage into Spitzbergen and Greenland] Of the Crustaceous Fish that I Observed”, in An Account of Several Late Voyages & Discoveries to the South and North. […]，London: […] Sam[uel] Smith and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, 4th part, section V (Of the Star-fish)，頁s 118–119:

With a warding file cut a dovetail on each of the ends to be joined, as shown by Fig. 1.

1900，“Brazing Keys”, in Cassell’s Cyclopædia of Mechanics […] (First Series)，London, Paris: Cassell and Company, […], →OCLC，頁 311，列 1:

After marking out the pins on the drawer sides, we proceed with the next operation, that is, sawing the dovetails ready for chopping out the waste material.

[1921]，[William Fairham]，“The Dovetail Joint”, in Woodwork Joints: How They are Set Out, How Made and Where Used; […]，Philadelphia, Pa., London: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC，頁 123:

DOVETAIL joints, well known for their strength, have long been used in fine cabinet work. Nowadays they are frequently displaced by other types of joints that are easier to make with power tools, but where a self-locking joint is needed for use without glue, the dovetail is unsurpassed.

1944 April，Edwin M. Love，“Handmade Dovetails”, in The Popular Science Monthly，卷 144, 號 4, New York, N.Y.: Popular Science Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 151，列 1:

I ſhall add other tvvo Forms of Lines, […] The firſt of theſe tvvo is termed Patee, or Dove-Tail, from a Form of Art uſed by Joiners, vvho make Joints one into the other by that Name: […]

1722，Alexander Nisbet，“Of the Points and Parts of the Shield; and Forms of Lines, which Divide the Shield into Several Parts”, in A System of Heraldry Speculative and Practical: […]，Edinburgh: […] J. MackEuen, →OCLC，頁 23:

ASSEMBLEE, [in Heraldry,] a Dovetail or more to hold the tvvo Parts of the Eſcutcheon together, vvhere the Partition Line is, being countercharged, is ſome of the Metal and ſome of the Colour of the Eſcutcheon.

1736，John Harris，“ASSEMBLEE”, in Lexicon Technicum: Or, An Universal English Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: […]，第5th版, 卷 I, London: […] J. Walthoe, […], →OCLC，列 2:


dovetail

dovetails (third-person singular present)
dovetailing (present participle)
dovetailed (past participle)
dove-tail (alternative)

In house-building it is further forbidden [by Sultan Muhammed Shah] to dovetail or make the ends of the timbers (e.g. of the roof) fit accurately together, and also to build two verandahs, one on each side of the house, with their floors on a level with the floor of the main building; if two verandahs are used, the floor of one must be lower than that of the main building (kelek anak).

1900，Walter William Skeat，“Man and His Place in the Universe”, in Malay Magic: Being an Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula，London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, footnote 1，頁 33:

The executive board dovetailed its decision neatly with the prior projects the company had taken up.

Through my new project, I dovetail my interests in botany and programming.

Close contacts are also maintained between the chief operating officers of the railways and the movement and transport officers of the Service departments to dovetail railway transport into the schemes of the fighting forces.

1943 March–April，John R. Hind，“The British Railways at War”, in The Railway Magazine，Sutton, London: IPC Transport Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 95:

I felt that through the combined study of psychology and linguistics I would find out how children learned language, and that I would be able to dovetail this knowledge into my business career in Japan.

1988，Kenji Hakuta，“Why Bilinguals?”, in The Development of Language and Language Researchers: Essays in Honor of Roger Brown，Hillsdale, N.J., Hove, East Sussex: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, →ISBN，頁 299:

將算法或子程序交織，使其能夠同時運作

However, we can construct a single master algorithm M that DPExact learns from unknown distribution D by simply dovetailing the algorithms A. The precise way in which we dovetail the algorithms depends on whether our goal is time or query efficiency.

2002，Nader H. Bshouty, Jeffrey C. Jackson, Christino Tamon，“Exploring Learnability between Exact and PAC”, in Computational Learning Theory: 15th Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory, COLT 2002, Sydney, Australia, July 8–10, 2002: Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNAI); 2375; Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)，Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN，頁 248:

The parts of your essay should dovetail so that it is cohesive and coherent.

The task now facing Mr Crook and his team in the multi-disciplinary programme is sequencing the works going forward, to ensure track, signalling, station works and overhead line installations dovetail together.

2019 October，Philip Sherratt，“Midland Main Line Upgrade Presses On”, in Modern Railways，Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 60:


dragonfly

dragon-fly (alternative)
dragonflies (plural)

/ˈdɹæɡənˌflaɪ/

The delicate coloured Dragon Flies may have likewise some Corrosive quality.


dirigible

來自法語 dirigeable，來自ballon dirigeable (“可操控的氣球”)。

/ˈdɪɹɪdʒəbəɫ/

People had time to think up some questions, including reporters who shouted “Are you going to shoot down the balloon?” at President Biden shortly before the dirigible came down.

2023年February4日，Katie Rogers，“Look! Up in the Sky! It’s a … Chinese Spy Balloon?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


duiker

借自南非語 duiker (字面意思是“潛水者”)，源自荷蘭語 duiker，源自中古荷蘭語 dukere。

Next day she rose early, and went out with the gun and killed a duiker on the edge of the Big Tobacco Land (where her father had grown tobacco during his season's phase of believing in it).

1952，Doris Lessing，Martha Quest，Panther, 出版於 1974，頁 65:


easternize

easternizes (third-person singular present)
easternizing (present participle)
easternized (past participle)

"It would suit me very well," he tells her, "if, at this point, I could easternize your Western eyes, your Western heart."

2007年January14日，Liesl Schillinger，“Siberian Fields”, in New York Times:


enfleurage

/ˌɑ̃.fluˈɹɑʒ/

‘Thereʼs a man in Somerset who claims heʼs invented a method of enfleurage that requires no alcohol.’

2002，Michel Faber，The Crimson Petal and the White，Canongate Books (2010)，頁 652:

The perfumes of plants like jasmine could only be extracted by enfleurage, as other methods of the time would denature the scents.


engineering

/ˌɛn.d͡ʒɪˈnɪə.ɹɪŋ/

One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. Isolating a city’s effluent and shipping it away in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.

2014年June14日，“It's a gas”, in The Economist，卷 411, 期 8891:


ennead

來自古希臘語 ἐννεάς (enneás)、ἐννεάδος (enneádos，“九人的身體”) + -ad (指定單位的後綴)；可分析為ennea- + -ad。希臘語詞彙ἐννεάς和ἐννεάδος衍生自ἐννέᾰ (ennéă，“九”) (源頭來自原始印歐語 *h₁néwn̥ (“九”)) + -ᾰ́ς (-ắs，由數字構成抽象名詞的後綴)或-ος (-os)。

The ennead, according to the Pythagoreans, circulates all numbers within itself, and there can be no number beyond it. For the natural progression of numbers is as far as to 9, but after it their retrogression takes place. For 10 becomes as it were again the monad. […] Hence it is not possible there should be any elementary number beyond the ennead.

1816，Proclus，章號 XXXI, in Thomas Taylor（譯者）, The Six Books of Proclus the Platonic Successor, on the Theology of Plato, Translated from the Greek; […] Two Volumes，卷 II, London: Printed for the author, by A[braham] J[ohn] Valpy, […], →OCLC, footnote 1，頁 211:

[T]he ennead is subtracted for this cause, because the three hundred and sixty parts of the entire [circle] consist of enneads, and for this reason the four regions of the world are circumscribed by ninety perfect parts.

1868，Hippolytus, J[ohn] H[enry] MacMahon，章號 XLIII, in The Refutation of All Heresies, […] (Ante-Nicene Christian Library: […]; VI (Hippolytus, Bishop of Rome. Vol. I.))，Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, […]; London: Hamilton & Co.; Dublin: John Robertson & Co., →OCLC, book IV (Of the Refutation of All Heresies)，頁 111:

任何包含九個物體的組合或系統

We may assert with confidence that no cycle of this kind, and of equal antiquity or even of inferior antiquity, is the actual existence better attested or more thoroughly authenticated than that of this octaëteris of Philammon of Delphi, or, as we may truly call it, this original Pythian ennead of primitive Hellas.

1852，Edward Greswell，“On the Lunar in Contradistinction to the Solar Modifications of the Primitive Calendar”, in Fasti Temporis Catholici and Origines Kalendariæ. … In Four Volumes，卷 I, Oxford: At the Oxford University Press, →OCLC, section V (The Octaëteris)，頁s 566–567:

The exquisite language of the prophecy of Isaiah, especially in its last three enneads, may have had a nearer primary reference to, and a nearer fulfilment in, the return of the exiles under Zerubbabel, and Ezra, and Nehemiah; […]

1882，The Church Quarterly Review，卷 XIII, London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, →OCLC，頁 172:

At one time one god was a greater favourite with the nation than another, and the cult of the god or gods which the old Babylonians preferred in the early days of their empire frequently fell into disuse and neglect in after times. The most important ennead among the Babylonians was as follows:— […]

1884，E[rnest] A[lfred] Wallis Budge，“The Babylonian Religion”, in Babylonian Life and History (By-paths of Bible Knowledge; V)，London: Religious Tract Society, […], →OCLC，頁s 127–128:


environmental

That worries the government, which fears that environmental activism could become the foundation for more general political opposition.

2013年August10日，“Can China clean up fast enough?”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8848:


environmental

與硬體運行的物理環境有關的任何因素

The process to enable migration from the vendor-supplied configuration to a new architecture depends on many system environmentals.

2014，Kenneth Barrett, Stephen Norris，Running Mainframe z on Distributed Platforms，頁 136:


environmentalism

The first is that the present work in no sense represents a relapse toward the old environmentalism which believed it could find the causes of culture in environment.

1939，Alfred L. Kroeber，“Objectives”, in Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America，出版於 1963，頁 1:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:environmentalism。

環境保護主義的運動或意識形態

The need for environmentalisms engaged with the commons rather than relegated to the individual consumer or tied to the middle-class principles of private property.

2018，Nicole Seymour，Bad Environmentalism，頁 196:


environmentalist

tree hugger

主要用於澳洲和新西蘭、俚語、經常帶貶義

This tension is familiar in the lives of most environmentalists. Some own cars; some still eat meat.

2016年April5日，Madeleine Somerville，“How I deal with the unbearable hypocrisy of being an environmentalist”, in The Guardian:

The term greenwashing was coined by environmentalist Jay Westerveld in 1986, back when most consumers received their news from television, radio and print media – the same outlets that corporations regularly flooded with a wave of high-priced, slickly-produced commercials and print ads.

2016年August20日，Bruce Watson，“The troubling evolution of corporate greenwashing”, in The Guardian:

A widening of the M4 had long been mooted, and the Welsh Government had even earmarked most of the required £1.6bn funding for a new 14-mile, six-lane section around Newport. Then, in the face of opposition from environmentalists, came a realisation that similar road schemes across the world tend merely to encourage greater car use and therefore soon prove ineffective in solving the original problem.

2020年December2日，Christian Wolmar，“Wales offers us a glimpse of an integrated transport policy”, in Rail，頁 56:

He [King Charles] is a committed environmentalist at a point when the government is full of climate change deniers.

2022年September12日，Zoe Williams，“Why are people getting arrested in Britain for being republicans?”, in The Guardian:

認為個人或群體發展的主要因素是環境而不是遺傳或文化的人

As we remarked once before, there are two extreme views with respect to life, one attributing everything to the environment, the other to inherent abilities. If, for example, an unusual number of distinguished men are born and reared in the same locality, the environmentalists assert that the causes for their appearance were entirely external and that had their parents changed habitats with those residing elsewhere the result would have been the same, except that the family names of these eminent men would have been different.

1926，Clark Wissler，The Relation of Nature to Man in Aboriginal America，出版於 1971，頁s 211–212:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:environmentalist。


environmentalist

more environmentalist (comparative)
most environmentalist (superlative)

The environmentalist explanation would be that tropical environment retards or depresses culture through its physiological effect on the human organism.

1939，Alfred L. Kroeber，Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America，出版於 1963，頁 69:


epidemiologist

In his first book since the 2008 essay collection Natural Acts: A Sidelong View of Science and Nature, David Quammen looks at the natural world from yet another angle: the search for the next human pandemic, what epidemiologists call “the next big one.”

2013年January13日，Katie L. Burke，“Ecological Dependency”, in American Scientist，卷 101, 期 1, United States: Sigma Xi, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 64:


equinox

原始印歐語詞
 *nókʷts
繼承自中古英語 equinox、equinoxe、equynox (“一年中晝夜等長的兩個時段之一，二分點；黃道十二宮中的白羊座或天秤座，在這兩個星座中，太陽穿過天體赤道”)，來自古法語 equinoce、equinoxe (現代法語 équinoxe)或來自詞源中世紀拉丁語 ēquinoxium、ēquinoctium，來自拉丁語 aequinoctium (“二分點”)，來自aequus (“同等”) + nox (“夜晚”) (源頭衍生自原始印歐語 *nókʷts (“夜晚”)) + -ium (構成抽象名詞的後綴)。這個拉丁語詞彙，被後來衍生的中古英語和現代英語所採用，取代了古英語 efnniht (現代英語 evennight)。
罕見的另一個複數形式equinoctes將equinox視為一個拉丁語詞彙；拉丁語 nox (“夜晚”)的複數是noctēs。

equinoxes (plural)
equinoctes (plural)
æquinox (alternative)

evennight

分點，二分點，晝夜平分點（春分或秋分）

分點，二分點，晝夜平分點（春分或秋分）

The four grand and ſolemn Bardic days are, of ancient uſage, the tvvo equinoxes, and the tvvo ſolſtices; the nevv and full moons are alſo, ſubordinately, ſolemn Bardic days: […]

1793年September22日，Edward Williams，“Ode on Converting a Sword into a Pruning Hook”, in Poems, Lyric and Pastoral. […]，London: […] J[ohn] Nichols; […], 出版於 1794, →OCLC, footnote *，頁s 160–161:

21. Report the experiments, if conveniently they may, at both the solstices and equinoctes. / 22. Observe accurately the time of the sun’s rising on the top of the hill and below, and note the difference.

1848，Charles Richard Weld，章號 V, in A History of the Royal Society, with Memoirs of the Presidents. […]，卷 I, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], →OCLC，頁 100:

For [Julius] Cæsar says, that on the night of the fourth day after his landing there was a full moon. He had before mentioned that the summer was far spent, and the æquinox not come, hence, the full moon must have been either in July or August.

1854，John Williams，“Pro-consul. b.c. 55.”, in The Life of Julius Cæsar，London, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] Routledge & Co., […], →OCLC，頁 195:

The word equinox is generally taken to refer to the days when, at every point on the earth, day and night are of equal length. But this definition of the equinox is a bit misleading. Since it gets light before the sun rises and remains light after the sun sets, the actual period of darkness at the equinox will be substantially less than twelve hours, the exact amount depending on latitude and how one defines the boundary between twilight and night. […] In practice, one cannot determine the equinox by measuring the length of time between sunrise and sunset.

2005，Clive [L. N.] Ruggles，“Equinoxes”, in Ancient Astronomy: An Encyclopedia of Cosmologies and Myth，Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN，頁 148:

[…] Midsummer’s Day falls near the beginning of summer meteorologically, but was the midpoint of summer in the traditional calendar. Though Midsummer’s Day celebrations are common in the modern Celtic countries, there is no evidence that the ancient Celts celebrated either the solstices or the equinoctes.

2006，John T. Koch，“calendar, Celtic”, in Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia，卷 I, Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, §4 (The Seasons)，頁 332，列 1:

一種強風，被認為在春分前後頻繁出現，現在知道是一種誤解；春分大風

The Equinox drove the sand into their faces or round their legs, as they dived among the sheep-haunted hollows.

1920年September1日，Rudyard Kipling，“The Satisfaction of a Gentleman”, in The London Magazine，London: Hunt and Clarke, […], →OCLC; republished on the website of The Kipling Society，accessed 7 September 2022，存檔自the original on 2021-12-22:


erica

I have now arrived at the third year since the ericas were seedlings and cuttings; and, as much can be said in this stage of their growth applicable to future years, it is my intention to do so.

1840，John Claudius Loudon，The Gardener's Magazine and Register of Rural & Domestic Improvement:


yakitori

借自日語 焼き鳥 (yakitori)，來自焼き (yaki，“烤”) + 鳥 (tori)。

/jækɪˈtɔəɹi/

We should have the bazaars full of yakitori pitches and geishas in bamboo cages.

2006，Thomas Pynchon，Against the Day，Vintage, 出版於 2007，頁 851: