occulture

occult + culture 組成的混成詞。Simon Dwyer 首次在《Rapid Eye》雜誌中使用。後來由 Christopher Partridge 教授使用。

/əˈkʌlt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

亞文化挪用神秘主題（如新時代等）以反對主流文化

UFO religions drink deeply from the waters of occulture, while, at the same time, seeking to reconcile their ideas with a contemporary secular and scientific worldview.

2005，Christopher Partridge，The Re-enchantment of the West，卷 2, →ISBN，頁 167:

With the term occulture I refer to a diverse milieu of spirituality that formed around esoteric discourses, as characterized by Nina Kokkinen in her dissertation about occulture and modern spirituality in turn of the century Finnish art, and its three notable artists Hugo Simberg (1873–1917), Akseli Gallen-Kallela and Pekka Halonen (1865–1933) (Kokkinen 2019: 44).

2020，Mikko Välimäki，“Decadence and occulture: Oscar Parviainen’s art”, in Approaching religion，卷 11, 期 1, →DOI，頁 99:

Conspirituality, in fact, helps describe some of the dynamics and one of the “contexts” in which Italian Pagan conspiracy-believing is embedded—one that, at a more general level, is characterized by what Christopher Partridge (e.g., 2004; 2005; 2014) defined as occulture.

2021，Giovanna Parmigiani，“Magic and Politics: Conspirituality and COVID-19”, in Journal of the American Academy of Religion, →DOI，頁 12:


relatum

源自拉丁語 relatum，referre 的中性過去分詞。

And with respect to secondary processes, whether a PDT becomes an ADT will vary according to both the ADTs a person has acquired through primary acquisition processes (for this determines which objects can be the relata in the relational properties) and according to the individual’s experiential and epistemic history with respect to disgust elicitors.

2003，Christopher Knapp，“De-moralizing Disgustingness”, in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, LXVI, № 2, page 265:

For according to the externalist, the opposing view rests on the idea that “being conscious of” is a genuine relation, that is, a relation whose obtaining entails the existence of its relata.

2007年July12日，Harold Langsam，“Rationality, Justification, and the Internalism/Externalism Debate”, in Erkenntnis，卷 68, 期 1, →DOI:

However we understand the defect, most divine determinists will likely wish to say that the relation of inconformity between act and law obtains (when it does obtain) merely in virtue of the intrinsic natures of the relata. In other words, the relation of inconformity follows merely upon the nonrelational characteristics of the relata.

2019，Peter Furlong，The Challenges of Divine Determinism: A Philosophical Analysis，頁 94:


repressure

repressures (third-person singular present)
repressuring (present participle)
repressured (past participle)

再次加壓；恢復到給定壓力

But rather than repressuring the Ukrainian pipeline system for exports, Russia's gas monopoly, Gazprom, ordered a single test shipment to see if it would pass through Ukraine to Europe, through a pipeline that was being used to supply the Ukrainian city of Odessa.

2009年January14日，Andrew E. Kramer，“Gas Dispute Runs Deeper Than Pipes, Experts Say”, in New York Times:


bastonade

bastonades (third-person singular present)
bastonading (present participle)
bastonaded (past participle)

以棍棒擊打（多指打腳底）

A lady, injured by an Austrian soldier, reproached him, and was bastonaded. Repeating her reproaches while under the bastonado, she was bastonaded more.

1851，Theodore Dwight，The Roman Republic of 1849:


brain rot

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-brain rot.wav

大腦腐蝕：精神能力、智力、常識或道德品格的退化

While England endeavors to cure the potato-rot, will not any endeavor to cure the brain-rot, which prevails so much more widely and fatally?

1854, Henry David Thoreau, Walden (1897 printing), page 501:

And then our parents decided that comics books were to blame for their children's brain rot, tossing most of these halftone gems in the garbage.

2016 April，Tom Royer，“Rated M for Millennials”, in Mankato Magazine，出版於 2017，頁 25:

I carried with me a vague awareness of the political state of the world. I had actual views on things. I made mid-conversation gags that mostly paid off. And yet, four months into babyland and I have reached brain rot.

2020 January，Joanna Ellner，“Diary Of A Mum: Part 6”, in Baby，出版於 2019，頁 61:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:brain rot。

被認為沒有什麼藝術價值的媒體，和/或對其消費者有負面影響的媒體

[…] I remember that I had to stay home and receive a stern lecture on the evils of Tinseltown brainrot.

1978，Lionel Menuhin Rolfe，The Menuhins: A Family Odyssey，頁 47:

It could be a great album, like Big Star’s Radio City, or it could be one composed entirely of what I deemed to be drab, scum-sucking brainrot, like The Stereophonics’ Performance And Cocktails.

So this winter, I'll chill on the couch watching The Only Way Is Essex or some similar brainrot instead, happy it'll be over in a^([sic]) hour […]
因此这个冬天，我会窝在沙发上看《埃塞克斯是唯一的生活方式》或类似的烂片，很高兴一小时后它就会播完 […]

2011, John Vannisselroy, "Reality bites: we need less English Premier League", TNT Magazine, 15 August 2011 - 21 August 2011, page 52:

We need to hold out hope and wish for the best for Gen Alpha as they are truly capable. But with the polarization of the current times and brainrot they are encountering online, it’s hard.

2023，Nunzio Amon，“The Future of Gen Alpha”, in Medium:

Implicit in the idea of brain rot is the fear that those who spend too much time on screens will become less intelligent, such as 'iPad Kids', Gen Z and Gen Alpha children raised in the digital age.

2024年February8日，Shivé Prema，“What is 'brain rot'? Do you have it?”, in SBS News:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:brain rot。

痴迷於某種媒體作品的狀態

Jojo^([sic]) brain rot is real because why have I just spent the last 10 minutes thinking who'd be better at parallel parking-

I said they both can't act, I still liked the prequels and the acolyte, but it could just be the star wars brain rot that got me lol


-fold

源自中古英語 -fold、-fald、-fauld，繼承自古英語 -feald，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *-falþaz，源自原始印歐語 *-poltos，源自 *pel- (“折疊”)。同源詞包括荷蘭語 -voud、瑞典語 -faldig、拉丁語 -plus、-plex、古希臘語 -παλτος (-paltos)、-πλος (-plos)、-πλόος (-plóos)。參見 fold。

有些人会用类似 "an increase by twofold" 的结构表示 "a twofold increase"。这可能会导致混淆，因为 "an increase by twofold" 的逻辑翻译意味着“原始金额增加200% ”，而后者意味着“增加到原始金额的200%”。应谨慎避免这种混淆。通常，-fold 不带介词。

在科学语境中，有时会在数字后面附加“-fold”（含义相同），例如 M.C. Stone 等人在 2010 年发表的一篇论文，其摘要中提到 "10-fold up-regulation of the number of growing microtubules"（生长微管数量增加到了原來的10倍）。

There has been a threefold increase in inflation

The cancer tissue in two of the ... specimens ... exhibited a dramatic 23-fold increase in the laminin-receptor-mRNA levels.
两个标本中的癌症组织显示层粘连蛋白受体mRNA水平急剧增加到了原來的23倍。

1991, Vittoria Cioce; Vince Castronovo; Barry M. Shmookler; et. al, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, "Increased Expression of the Laminin Receptor in Human Colon Cancer" [1]

"[Use] of a decimal without a zero to the left of the decimal (ie .5 instead of 0.5) has resulted in 10-fold error[.]

“[使用]小数点左边没有零的小数（即 .5 而不是 0.5）会导致10倍的误差[。]

2011，Joel. E. Houghlum，Principles of Pharmacology for Athletic Trainers:

Ezekiel outlines the harlotry of Judah followed by a thirty-two-fold judgment.

2013，Jerome Strong，Spiritual Musings II: Sermons, Musings & Exegesis:


propulse

propulses (third-person singular present)
propulsing (present participle)
propulsed (past participle)

all succours were clerely estopped and propulsed from them

1550，Edward Halle，The Vnion of the Two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke:


suade

借自拉丁語 suādēre。

suades (third-person singular present)
suading (present participle)
suaded (past participle)

Howsomeber, she wuz so mad wid Jeff dat she 'suaded herse'f she did n' keer

1899，Charles W. Chesnutt，Hot-Foot Hannibal:


appellate

可受理上訴的（尤其是受理下级法院判决上诉的法院）

In this game of bluff and counter-bluff, the parlementaires calculated that their absence – which entailed much of the country being without an appellate jurisdiction – would force the government to treat for terms.

2002，Colin Jones，The Great Nation，Penguin, 出版於 2003，頁 228:


appulse

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-appulse.wav

朝着或反对某事物的有力运动；推动，打击

[T]he vivacity of these trains of ideas, passing in the imagination, is greatly increased by […] their not being disturbed or dissevered either by the appluses of external bodies, as in surprize; or by our voluntary exertions in comparing them with our previous knowledge of things, as in reasoning upon them.

1789，Erasmus Darwin，The Loves of the Plants，J. Johnson，頁 47:


-ren

children 和 brethren 的逆構詞，最終繼承自中古英語 -ren、-eren (複合複數後綴)，源自中古英語 -re、-ere（源自古英語 -ru (複數後綴)）+ 中古英語 -en（源自古英語 -an (複數後綴)）。

在標準英語中，這個後綴只用於 children。方言中可能會有一些非標準的用法，如 calveren (對應 calves)、lambren (對應 lambs)。brethren 和 sistren 的後綴其實是 -en，-r- 是隨詞幹進入的（(brother、sister）。

As Ciddy and child had slept soundly under Omeriah's roof, a group of young "kidren" playing outside sang a "ring song" […]

2006，Timothy White，Catch a fire: the life of Bob Marley:

Unruly kidren would fling rockstone after him.

不守规矩的孩子会向他扔石头。

This exercise will help you develop the skills to tell your ninja brethren (and sistren and thingren) apart. Simply match the name of each famous ninja with his/her/its deadly eyes.

这项练习将帮助你培养区分忍者兄弟（以及姐妹和事物）的技能。只需将每个著名忍者的名字与他/她/它的致命眼神相匹配即可。

2008，Douglas Sarine, Kent Nichols，The Ninja Handbook:


agnorant

more agnorant (comparative)
most agnorant (superlative)

The doings of some persons are all kinds of agnorant, mixed with a vacuous oral character that can make you feel a headlock.

2015年November13日，Papa Seyni Faye，The Reign of Svengali，Books on Demand Editions, →ISBN，頁 256:

Ok, I know that sounds really agnorant, however, by the time we were wrapping up the Video Announcements, YouTube was really just becoming a amuch stronger medium.

2017年November20日，Doug Sheehy，Agnorance - Memoirs, Musings and Madness by Doug，Lulu.com, →ISBN，頁 58:

“What kind of person claims to be agnorant you might ask,” Sheehy wrote in his book. “One who is bold enough to create his own pseudonym and yet still arrogant enough to put his name on the title of the book.”

“你可能会问，什么样的人会自称无知，”希伊在书中写道。“一个人大胆到用自己的笔名写作，却又无知而傲慢到把自己的真名写在书名上。”

2018年September4日，Jerry Davich，“Are you infected by the social disease of 'agnorance'?”, in Chicago Tribune，存檔自the original on 2021-06-21:

And if I say I don't want to be around someone, it's because I know they're an idiot and I refuse to put myself in that situation. Why should I? Because after they've said their racist/bigoted/stupid thing, and I've shot them down (or bit my tongue), they go on with their lives unchanged, because they're arrogant and ignorant (I'm going to coin the phrase “agnorant” henceforth).

2019年November30日，Craig Hallam，Down Days，Inspired Quill, →ISBN:


meliorator

Who can fault Ralph Waldo Emerson for observing that “the greatest meliorator of the world is selfish, huckstering trade?”

2007年October21日，Harry Hurt Iii，“A Lens on Wealth, 源自All the Angles”, in New York Times:


Alban

借自拉丁語 Albānus (“阿爾巴的居民”)。

雖然是第一位有記錄英國殉道者的名字，這個名字卻一直在英語中很少見。

圣奥尔本，3-4世紀的基督教殉道者

The first Christian martyr in Britain was called Alban.

1905，Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall，Our Island Story，頁 26:


Alban

借自拉丁語 Albānus (“阿爾巴的居民”)。

But beside this, there existed at Lavinium another tradition, which inverts the order of things by stating that Lavinium was an Alban colony, founded by six hundred Alban families.

1847，Leonhard Schmitz，A History of Rome:From the Earliest Times to the Death of Commodus, A.D. 192，Harper & brothers，頁 14:

Now the Alban dynasti bore the name of Silvii or Wood, and it can hardly be without significance that in the vision of the historic glories of Rome revealed to Aeneas in the underworld, Virgil, an antiquary as well as a poet, should represent all the line of Silvii as crowned with oak.

1922，Sir James George Frazer，AThe Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion，Forgotten Books，頁 152:

Reminded of the Alban king’s descent from Silvius, the son of Aeneas, Vergil’s reader must judge the crime of Mettus and his gruesome punishment with greater horror and revulsion.

1998，Robert Alan Gurval，Actium and Augustus: The Politics and Emotions of Civil War，University of Michigan Press，頁 223:

At some point during the Picto-Gaelic fusion, St Andrew was adopted as patron of the Alban kingdom.

2011，Norman Davies，Vanished Kingdoms，Penguin, 出版於 2012，頁 66:


Adriana

源自拉丁語和伊特拉斯坎語的女性人名，Adrian 的陰性形式

Some other mistress hath thy sweet aspects, / I am not Adriana, nor thy wife

c. 1594，William Shakespeare，“The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene 2]:


Adrienne

What I needed was an exciting name and I would give myself one. I was reading a book where the heroine's name was Adrienne. I printed that as my first name. Now what would go well with Adrienne? I peered over my shoulder at the little girl in back of me. Her name was Mary Frances Carroll. Frances...I thought. No, that's not exotic enough. Francine. Francine. That was beautiful. I printed in: FRANCINE.

1962，Jane Trahey，Life with Mother Superior，頁 4:


rescribe

rescribes (third-person singular present)
rescribing (present participle)
rescribed (past participle)

Whenever a Prince on his being consulted by any one rescribes or writes back in this manner, he seems to dispense with that act.

1726，John Ayliffe，Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani:


execrate

源自拉丁語 exsecrārī、execrārī，源自 ex (“出”) + sacrāre (“奉献；注定毁灭或被诅咒”)。

execrates (third-person singular present)
execrating (present participle)
execrated (past participle)

/ˈɛɡzɪkɹeɪt/

And were I not a thing for you and me
 To execrate in angish, you would be
 As indigent a stranger to surprise,
 I fear, as I was once, and as unwise.

1932，Edwin Arlington Robinson，“Prodigal Son”, in Nicodemus:


detester

I exclaimed, with sparkling eyes and a rapturous accent, "you are not profligate; are a stranger to the manners of this house, and a detester of these manners?

1889，Charles Brockden Brown，Arthur Mervyn:

In a short time a jealous feud sprang up between the loving friends Rinaldo and Orlando; and Angelica, torn with conflicting emotions, from her dread on her father's account as well as her own, and her aversion to every knight but her detester, was at one time compelled to apply to Orlando for assistance, and at another, being afraid that he would have the better of Rinaldo in combat, to send him away on a perilous adventure elsewhere, with a promise of accepting his love should he succeed.

1846，Leigh Hunt，Stories from the Italian Poets= With Lives of the Writers, Vol. 2:

We give the fact as it occurs in Bannatyne's Journal, only premising that the Journalist held his master's opinions, both with respect to the Earl of Cassilis as an opposer of the king's party, and as being a detester of the practice of granting church revenues to titulars, instead of their being devoted to pious uses, such as the support of the clergy, expense of schools, and the relief of the national poor.


troppo

源自 tropical + -o (指小後綴)。最早由二戰時期在熱帶地區作戰的澳大利亞軍隊使用，意思是“受熱帶戰爭的影響”。

瘋狂的，發瘋的，行為怪異的（尤指因炎熱天氣引起的）

Barry′s gone troppo and married that sheila he′s only known for two weeks.

Barry 簡直瘋了，他跟認識才兩星期的女人結婚了。

After three months by himself on his ‘dream’ tropical island he went troppo and smashed all the equipment.

在他“梦想”的热带岛屿上独自待了三个月后，他发疯并砸坏了所有设备。

‘[…]She calls these rehearsals my singing lessons - but at least I don′t have people rushing in thinking I′ve gone troppo . . .’
‘Except me.’ Violet′s smile lingered as she gazed at him.

For a lone Digger gone troppo, as Joe is deemed to have done, it is a realistic scenario.

2009，Paul Tapp，Disquiet - the Justifiable Homicide of an Australian Vietnam Veteran，頁 121:

"[The Northern Territory has] got the same sort of flavour to it, probably a bit more frontier. Overall, it's the tropics and they go troppo. The beer's cold and the weather's hot and they drink too much.

2016年March15日，David Dale，“John Jarratt talks new show Territory Cops and a murderous return in Wolf Creek”, in The Sydney Morning Herald:


accrescent

源自拉丁語 accrescens、accrescentis（accrescere 的現在分詞），源自 ad + crescere (“生長，成長”)。

more accrescent (comparative)
most accrescent (superlative)

whose living growth is more and more conspicuous , and daily ornamented with new appearances of accrescent variety and alteration

1728，Samuel Shuckford，The Sacred and Profane History of the World:


punies

"Be-dabs, if the whole gin-works hain't got the punies. Even the mare tuck a spell today. She wouldn't eat corn nor shuck."

1980，James Still，The run for the Elbertas，頁 35:

Other days, when I tried to get up despite feeling weak, she would inform me that I had a case of "the punies" and ought to stay in the tank.

2003，Mark O'Brien with Gillian Kendall, How I became a human being: a disabled man's quest for independence，頁 152:

“I brung my boy. He's got the punies and I want the doc to take a look at him.”

2008，Carolyn Jourdan，Heart in the Right Place，頁 222:


arreca

areca的另一種拼寫法

The plain appears like paradiſe reſtored, where the proud cypreſs and tall arreca ſeem walking by the margin of the paſſing ſtream.

1769，Firishta，譯者 Alexander Dow, Tales translated from the Persian of Inatulla of Delhi，卷 I, Dublin: P. and W. Wilson et al.，頁 iv:


teju

tegu (“南美蜥蜴”)的另一種寫法

As a guide to start your collection we'd suggest either iguanas, tejus, swifts, basilisks, horned toads or alligator lizards.


sacrificer

In this you’have made the Court the Antipodes,
And will’d your Delegate, the vulgar Sunne,
To doe profane autumnall offices,
Whilst here to you, wee sacrificers runne;

1631，John Donne，“To the Countesse of Bedford”, in Poems，London: John Marriot, 出版於 1633, p:

[…] no sacrifice is valid unless the sacrificer lay his hand upon the head of the victim.

1908，Helen Keller，章號 3, in The World I Live In，New York: Century，頁 35:


satisfice

satisfy + suffice 組成的混成詞，由美國的政治學家、心理學家司馬賀在1956年造出。

satisfices (third-person singular present)
satisficing (present participle)
satisficed (past participle)

做出足以满足实现目标的最低要求的选择

Evidently, organisms adapt well enough to ‘satisfice’; they do not, in general, ‘optimize’.

1956，H[erbert] A. Simon，“Rational Choice and the Structure of the Environment”, in Psychological Review，卷 63, 期 2，頁 129:

[T]here are two contrasting types of decision-making mentalities, maximizing and satisficing. If you're choosing a marriage partner, you probably want to maximize. You want to find the very best person you are totally in love with. […] But politics is not like that. Politics is a prosaic activity most of the time. You probably want to satisfice, pick the person who's good enough, who seems reasonably responsible.

2015年December4日，David Brooks，“No, Donald Trump won't win [print version: International New York Times, 5–6 December 2015, page 9]”, in The New York Times，存檔自the original on 2015-12-16:


saltee

源自意大利語 soldo。

One day he would gather more than I in three; another, to hear his tale, it had rained kicks all day in lieu of “saltees,” and that is pennies.

1862，Charles Reade，The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages，頁 242:


reparent

reparents (third-person singular present)
reparenting (present participle)
reparented (past participle)

改变数据结构中对象的父级

If the client reparents the window away from root, the window is no longer a top-level window.

1995，Adrian Nye, David Flanagan，Programmer's supplement for release 6 of the X Window System:


religiolect

religio- + lect，由纽约大学希伯来语和犹太教研究教授本杰明·哈里 (Benjamin Hary) 创造。

宗教方言，宗教團體所使用的語言變體

A religiolect is a language variety with its own history and development, which is used by a religious community.

宗教方言是宗教团体使用的一种语言变体，具有其自身历史和发展。

2012，Benjimin Hary，“Judeo-Arabic as a Mixed Language”, in Middle Arabic and Mixed Arabic: Diachrony and Synchrony，Leiden, Boston: BRILL，頁 125:

For purposes of discussion and analysis, it is convenient to divide the history of the religiolect into the following periods: Pre-Islamic Judeo-Arabic, Early Judeo-Arabic (eighth/ninth to tenth centuries), Classical Judeo-Arabic (tenth and fifteenth centuries), and Contemporary Judeo-Arabic (twentieth century).

为了讨论和分析的目的，可以方便地将宗教方言的历史分为以下几个时期：前伊斯兰犹太-阿拉伯语、早期犹太-阿拉伯语（八/九至十世纪）、古典犹太-阿拉伯语（十和十五世纪）和当代犹太-阿拉伯语（二十世纪）。

2016，Benjimin Hary，“'Arabi Dyālna (Our Arabic): The History and Politics of Judeo-Arabic”, in Languages of Modern Jewish Cultures: Comparative Perspectives，Leiden, Boston: University of Michigan Press，頁 304:

A concept that I find perfectly captures the essence of Norse spirituality is that of a "religiolect". Just as a lialect encodes a local variant of speech, this term does the same for religion, combining belief and practice in a discrete package that could be activated in particular places or social situations.

2020，Neil Price，“Meeting the Others”, in The Children of Ash and Elm: A History of the Vikings，Penguin UK:

Creating an Indian nation or even just larger regional identifications with Indian states, remains quite a challenge. Thus, Mahatma Gandhi tried to develop what linguist Rocky Miranda calls a "middle language," accessible to Hindus and Muslims alike, e.g. by avoiding Sanskrit elements in his Hindi, while some Muslim intellectuals correspondingly reduced Arabic elements in their Urdu in order to bridge between the two closely related religiolects of Hindi and Urdu.

创建一个印度民族，甚至只是与印度各邦建立更大的区域认同，仍然是一项艰巨的挑战。因此，圣雄甘地试图发展语言学家洛基·米兰达所说的“中间语言”，让印度教徒和穆斯林都能使用，例如在他的印地语中避免使用梵语元素，而一些穆斯林知识分子则相应地减少了乌尔都语中的阿拉伯语元素，以便在印地语和乌尔都语这两种密切相关的宗教方言之间架起桥梁。

2014，Martin J. Wein, Benjamin Hary，“Meeting the Others”, in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam: Collaboration and Conflict in the Age of Diaspora，Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press:


B.C.

A group of eleven inscribed tablets of jade and stone, dating from about the sixth century B.C., is said to have been discovered around 1940 at Ch’in-yang, Honan.

据说1940年左右在河南沁阳发现了一组十一块刻有铭文的玉石碑，其年代约为公元前六世纪。

1962，Tsuen-hsuin Tsien，“Engravings on Stone and Jade [石刻与玉刻]”, in Written on Bamboo and Silk: the Beginnings of Chinese Books and Inscriptions [书于竹与帛：中国书籍与碑文的开端]，University of Chicago Press, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 84:

Several fragments of reddish-brown clay statuettes of the Hongshan culture, found at Dongshanzui in Kazuo county, Liaoning province and dating to 3500 B.C., all seem to be kneeling or seated figures of about half life-size or smaller.

辽宁省喀左县东山嘴出土了数件可追溯至公元前3500年的红山文化红褐色泥塑残片，全部为跪姿或坐姿，大小约为真人的一半或更小。

1997，Helmut Brinker，“On the Origin of the Human Image in Chinese Art [论中国艺术中人物形象的起源]”, in "Visions of Man in Chinese Art" with Selected Japanese Paintings [“中国艺术中的人物形象”附日本画选集]，Kaikodo, →ISBN, →OCLC，頁 28:

The following year ten thosuand Hsiung-nu cavalry invaded Shang-ku,⁹⁶ but in 121 B.C. General Huo Ch’ü-ping, at the head of ten thousand cavalry, setting off from Lung-hsi⁹⁷ marched for over one thousand li, crossed the Yen-chih Mountains,⁹⁸ and attacked the Hsiung-nu.

次年，一万名匈奴骑兵侵入上谷。公元前121年，将军霍去病率领一万骑兵，从陇西出发，行军千余里，越过焉支山，攻打匈奴。

2002，Nicola Di Cosmo，“From Peace to War: China's Shift from Appeasement to Military Engagement [从和平到战争：中国从绥靖政策到军事参与的转变]”, in Ancient China and Its Enemies: The Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History [古代中国及其敌人：东亚历史上游牧民族的崛起]，Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 239:

A Swedish geologist turned archaeologist, Johan Gunnar Andersson, for example led the project that led to the discovery of the “Peking Man” fossils, in the 1920s, at the site of Zhoukoudian, dating to circa 200,000 to 700,000 years ago, and also helped establish evidence of “prehistoric” culture, in the form of early painted ceramics at the Neolithic site of Yangshao, dating to circa 5,000 to 3,000 B.C.

中国考古学已进入黄金时代——西方却忽视了它

2021年May11日，Rowan K. Flad，“It’s a golden age for Chinese archaeology — and the West is ignoring it [中国考古学已进入黄金时代——西方却忽视了它]”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2021-05-11, PostEverything:


cag

不確定。同源詞包括低地蘇格蘭語 kag、kagg (“惹恼，悲伤”)。可能繼承自中古英語 caggen (“绑住，束缚”)，可能源自或與古諾爾斯語 kǫgurr (“被子，毯子，床罩，棺材布”) 有關。或可能與新挪威語 kjaka (“争吵，骚扰”) 有關。

cags (third-person singular present)
cagging (present participle)
cagged (past participle)

If a little petulance be discovered in SPRING's printed reply, perhaps it was cagged out of him by the very unceremonious manner of approach adopted by Langan and Reynolds […]

1824，Pierce Egan，Boxiana; Or, Sketches of Ancient and Modern Pugilism，頁 344:


patrocinate

源自拉丁語 patrocinatus，patrocinari (“贊助”) 的過去分詞。

patrocinates (third-person singular present)
patrocinating (present participle)
patrocinated (past participle)

But preach it up, and patrocinate it, prattle on it , and defend it as much as you will

1653-1693，Thomas Urquhart，The Works of Rabelais:


call it a day

來自早期的 call it half a day（最早見於1834年），意思是在工作日结束前离开。

calls it a day (third-person singular present)
calling it a day (present participle)
called it a day (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-call it a day.ogg

結束，停止，收手 （自 1919 年）

We have been at this for hours; let’s call it a day and come back tomorrow when we are fresh.

我們已經做了好幾個小時了，今天就到這裡吧，明天精神好的時候再來。

“Do you often go looking for mice in other people’s rooms?” “I wouldn’t say often. Just when the spirit moves me, don’t you know?” “I see. Well…” When people say “Well” to you like that, it usually means that they think you are outstaying your welcome and that the time has come to call it a day. She felt, I could see, that Woosters were not required in her son’s sleeping apartment […]

1960，P. G. Wodehouse，Jeeves in the Offing, chapter VIII:


Sedna

借自因紐特語 Sitna。
小行星則以女神的名字命名。

賽德娜 （愛斯基摩神話中主宰海洋和海中動物的女神）

Sedna began to enjoy keeping all the sea creatures away from the humans by tucking them into her now miles-long hair.

2018，Tanya Tagaq，Split Tooth，And Other Stories (2023)，頁 87:


pseudoscientific

源自 pseudoscience + -ific，和 scientific 類似。

more pseudoscientific (comparative)
most pseudoscientific (superlative)

[…] another example of the desire to control deviant lifestyles: the preparation by the FBI of pseudoscientific "profiles" that purport to describe the murderers.

1983年August13日，Mark McHarry，“FBI”, in Gay Community News，卷 11, 號 5，頁 4:

Many postsecondary educators are concerned about the rising tide of pseudoscientific, fundamentally anti-intellectual belief among otherwise well educated Americans.

1996，Mark E. Ware, David E. Johnson，Handbook of Demonstrations and Activities in the Teaching of Psychology:

Some pseudoscientific theories explain what nonbelievers cannot even observe, for example, orgone energy.

2003，Robert Todd Carroll，The skeptic's dictionary:


swaggerific

more swaggerific (comparative)
most swaggerific (superlative)

As they walked into their penthouse suite at The Palms, Dionne felt like she was the lead in some swaggerific video as she looked past the plush furnishings to the private terrace overlooking the ocean.

2010，Simone Bryant [pseudonym; Niobia Bryant]，Fabulous: A Pace Academy Novel，New York, N.Y.: Kimani Tru, →ISBN，頁 167:

Limp Bizkit bounced back on Wednesday (Sept. 29) with their first new song in almost seven years, the swaggerific "Dad Vibes."

2021年September30日，Gil Kaufman，“Limp Bizkit Serve Up Swaggy 'Dad Vibes' on First New Song in Seven Years”, in Billboard，Cincinnati, O.H.: Billboard Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2022-12-06:


chloruration

The heat of chloruration of the white cast iron was thus found to be greater than that of the grey cast iron.

1878，Julien Deby，Report on the Progress of the Iron and Steel Industries in Foreign Countries，頁 185:

The quantity of salt which will give the highest chloruration having been determined, it is wasteful to add more, as it has been shown by experiments made the Ontario Mill that 3 per cent. of undecomposed salt is contained in the roasted ore, more being present in the smaples from the shaft than from the flue.

1887，Thomas Egleston，The Metallurgy of Silver, Gold, and Mercury in the United States，頁 253:


altered

Ralph suppressed the indignation which the schoolmaster’s altered and insolent manner awakened, and asked again why he had not sent to him.


Russ

源自德語 Russe 等詞彙，源自古東斯拉夫語 Русь (Rusĭ)。對照更為近現代的 Rus。

But time will teach the Russ, ev'n conquering War
Has handmaid arts: aye, aye, the Russ will woo
All sciences that speed Bellona's car,
All murder's tactic arts, and win them too […]

1831，Thomas Campbell，The Power of Russia:


sea lion

源自 sea + lion，因其多生活於海中，叫聲和外形類似獅子而得名。對照中古英語 see hound、cee-hound、se hound (“海狸”，字面意思是“海狗”)。

Peek a Boo said, "I'm sorry guys, please tell my father that I'm ok. You see, I'm trying to become the first sea lion to become a Navy Seal.” The Jamaican Shaken Crabs looked at each other and said, “I don't know if your father told you, but you're a sea lion and no sea lion has ever become a Navy Seal."

2010，Larry Medina，The Adventures of Peek a Boo the Sea Lion，unnumbered 頁:

Sea lion pups are born with baby teeth, but most of these are replaced with permanent adult teeth by the time the pup is four months old. An adult sea lion has a total of 34 to 36 teeth, with 10 incisors in the front (six in the upper jaw and four in the lower jaw) plus two long canines and 10 to 12 cheek teeth on each side. Sea lions do not chew their food.

海狮幼崽出生时就有乳牙，但到 4 个月大时，大部分乳牙都会被恒牙取代。成年海狮共有 34 到 36 颗牙齿，前部有 10 颗门牙（上颌 6 颗，下颌 4 颗），两侧各有两颗长犬齿和 10 到 12 颗颊齿。海狮不会咀嚼食物。

When people ask me what the circus is really like behind the scenes, I tell them about runaway gypsy wagons, vanished acrobats, desperate ringmasters and recalcitrant sea lions to name a few.

当人们问我马戏团在幕后是什么样子时，我会告诉他们失控的吉普赛马车、消失的杂技演员、绝望的表演主持人和顽劣的海狮等等。

2013，Paul Binder，Never Quote the Weather to a Sea Lion: And Other Uncommon Tales from the Founder of the Big Apple Circus，頁 6:


damme

And now, have at the Ministry, Damme!

1809，James Gillray，Pillars of the Constitution:


ignorati

故意装无知的人；选择忽略不利事实或基于谎言公开发表言论的人

(title)

2011年October28日，Joseph Romm，“The New York Times joins the energy and climate ignorati”, in Grist Magazine:

First, we'll show you why you want to erase every piece of misinformation with which the wellness ignorati have indoctrinated you.

2013，Tom Emerick, Al Lewis，Cracking Health Costs: How to Cut Your Company's Health Costs and Provide Employees Better Care, →ISBN:

Amazon didn't patent the white cyc or the white background as the ignorati have claimed; they only patented a clever method to get the reflecting floor to blend seamlessly into the background, as-shot in-camera.

2014年June2日，Steve Schuler，“DIY Photo Light Box: Did Amazon Patent Photography Against A White Background”, in Science 2.0:

Carly has to appease the Ignorati (as I dub the right-wing base), so she touts a nonexistent fetus-harvesting video.

2015年September23日，Richard J. Rosendall，“Appeasing the Ignorati”, in Washington Blade:

The Islamic State group is doing well recruiting thousands from Europe and America, mainly young ignorati, with its pitch that they are defending Muslims against the crusaders bent on extermination of their religion.

伊斯兰国宣称他们致力于保护穆斯林免遭那些致力于消灭伊斯兰教的十字军的侵害，因此成功地从欧洲和美国招募了数千名成员，其中大部分是揣着明白装糊涂的小年轻。

2015年December14日，Mortimer B. Zuckerman，“To Defeat the Islamic State Group, Fight Smarter”, in U.S. News & World Report:


alluminate

借自拉丁語 allūminō (“照亮”)。

alluminates (third-person singular present)
alluminating (present participle)
alluminated (past participle)

This enables concrete comparisons to be made among teachers and among children who experienced similar and differenct classroom organization, effectively controlling for personal characteristics to alluminate structural effects .

1983，Elizabeth Lueder Karnes, John C Downs, Donald D. Black，Discipline in Our Schools: An Annotated Bibliography，頁 9:

The principal source of light used to alluminate the flow in the working section consisted of a 1000 watts lamp and a cooling system.

1992，Proceedings of the ... Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences: volume 18 Issues 1-2:

I will celebrate our fallen queer soldiers, and shine the light upon twisted sisters and their butch brothers so it can alluminate the pathAlike Dioginese lantern) down the tricky slopes to the future.

2011，Red Jordan Arobateau，Passage --Vol. 1，頁 140:

In many conversions a single phrase seems to alluminate the whole Bible or a mere image to bring peace and assurance to the soul.

2017，Julian H. Franklin，Jean Bodin，頁 293:


illude

源自拉丁語 illūdō。

illudes (third-person singular present)
illuding (present participle)
illuded (past participle)

deceive

欺騙，迷惑，置……於幻覺中

delude

欺騙，迷惑，置……於幻覺中

dupe

欺騙，迷惑，置……於幻覺中

fool

欺騙，迷惑，置……於幻覺中

mislead

欺騙，迷惑，置……於幻覺中

trick

欺騙，迷惑，置……於幻覺中

欺騙，迷惑，置……於幻覺中

The fleshly children of Adam bee so politicke, subtil, craftie, and wise, in theyre kynde, that the electe should be illuded if it were possible:

1547，Catherine Parr，The Lamentation of a Sinner,:

Tis now but wicked vanity to thinke,
To color vitious deeds with good pretence,
Or with bought colors to illude mens sense.

1611，John Donne，An Anatomy of the World，London: Samuel Macham:

The lines and shapes of mountains (features strongly marked) are easily caught and retained: but these meteor-forms, this rich fluctuation of airy hues, offer such a profusion of variegated splendor, that they are continually illuding the eye with breaking into each other; and are lost, as it endeavours to retain them.

1786，William Gilpin，Observations, Relative Chiefly to Picturesque Beauty, Made in the Year 1772，London: R. Blamire, Vol. 1, Section 6, p. 86:

His [Jonathan Swift’s] versatile pen was prolific […] of fiction erected of impossible materials, and yet so creating and peopling a world of fancy as to illude the reader into temporary belief in its truth.

他（乔纳森·斯威夫特）的笔法灵活多变 […] 创作了大量以不可能的素材构建的小说，并且营造出一个充满幻想的世界，使读者暂时相信它的真实性。

1873，Henry Coppée，章號 26, in English Literature, Considered as an Interpreter of English History，Philadelphia: Claxton, Remsen & Haffelfinger，頁 269:

I had a sudden sense of mismatch, of profound incongruity—between what I imagined I felt and what I actually saw, between what I had thought and what I now found. I felt, for a dizzying, vertiginous moment, that I had been profoundly deceived, illuded, by my senses: an illusion—such an illusion—as I had never before known.

我突然有一种错位感，一种深刻的不协调感——在我想象的感受和我实际看到的之间，在我所想的和我现在发现的之间。在那一瞬间，我感到头晕目眩，我被我的感官深深地欺骗、迷惑了：一种幻觉——一种我从未经历过的幻觉。

1984，Oliver Sacks，章號 2, in A Leg to Stand On，New York: Summit Books，頁 69:


imaginator

源自拉丁語 imāginātus（imāginārī 的過去分詞）+ 英語 -or。對照中古英語 ymagynatourys (“阴谋家；密谋者”)。

Secondly, hee would teach, that hee was as hee ſeemed to bee, true very man, fleſh, bloud, and bone as wee truely are; which the Divell denyed in the Docitæ [read Docetæ] or Imaginators, who held nothing reall, what hee [Christ] was, what hee did, what hee ſuffered, but all onely ſeeming ſo and in appearance.

1642，Richard Montagu，The Acts and Monuments of the Church Before Christ Incarnate，London: […] Miles Flesher and Robert Young，頁 491:

Suppose, if it be possible, that such a proposition had been made, or that such a prophecy had been ventured, in May 1834, as that in the spring of 1835 a Whig cabinet should be formed without thinking of Lord Brougham, and that some minor office should have been tossed to him, as you throw a bone to a dog! Would not the imaginator of such a thing have been treated as a maniac or a fool?

1835 May，“The State and Prospects of Toryism in May, 1835”, in Fraser’s Magazine for Town and Country，卷 XI, London: James Fraser, […]，頁 612，列 2:

We may add, and our author has knowledge of the fact, that not even the Germans, those masterly delineators and imaginators of fairy-land, have shown greater or more exquisite insight into the lives and ways of elfs and fays than that which was shown by George Cruikshank.

我们可以补充一点，而且我们的作者也知道这样一个事实，即使是德国人，那些童话世界的大师级描绘者和想象者，对精灵和仙女的生活的描绘，其所展示的洞察力，也不比乔治·克鲁克香克更精湛。

1882年October7日，“The Life of George Cruikshank: in Two Epochs. By Blanchard Jerrold. […]”, in The Athenæum: Journal of Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music, and the Drama，期 2867, London: […] John C. Francis, […]，頁 471，列 1:

The musicological dancer and the historyteller inspired each other, sometimes in conspiracy also with Tessa the critical stage manager and Beni their imaginator of set and costumes.

1996，Jonathan Bayliss，Gloucestertide，Rockport, Mass.: Protean Press, →ISBN，頁 260:


circumfulgent

more circumfulgent (comparative)
most circumfulgent (superlative)

Turning from the first glance at the circumfulgent splendour, it dwindled into nothing as he looked again at the lady.

1883，George MacDonald，The Princess and Curdie:


splendent

繼承自中古英語 splendaunt，源自古法語 splendiant（esplendiier 及 esplendent 的現在分詞），拉丁語 splendēns、splendentis（splendēre (“發光”) 的現在分詞）。

more splendent (comparative)
most splendent (superlative)

After the triumph followed the faire Parthenopeian Leria, with a lawrell crowne, accompanied with Melanthia, whose habites and voices represented the pride of Greece,[A] whereupon the great Macedon rested his head: She bare a splendent lampe, communicating the light thereof with hir companion, then the rest more excellent both in voice and song.

July 1st, Daun had crossed the Elbe (Daun let us say for brevity, though it is Daun and Karl, or even Karl and Daun, Karl being chief, and capable of saying so at times, though Daun is very splendent since Kolin),--crossed the Elbe above Brandeis; Nadasti, with precursor Pandours, now within an hour's march of Jung-Bunzlau;--and it was time to go.

1759，Thomas Carlyle，History of Friedrich II. of Prussia, Vol. XVIII. (of XXI.):

--And lo! toward me, next, Another of those splendent forms approach'd, That, by its outward bright'ning, testified The will it had to pleasure me.

1814，The Rev. H. F. Cary, M.A.，The Vision of Paradise, Complete:


cheffer

源自 chef (“刺傷或割傷”) + -er。

Grab the mic and I drop my cheffer

2020年October13日，Vlone975 where Vlone （作曲作詞）, “Ben n’ Jerry’s”:

.38 in my pouch, man do it with skills
Man do it with tekkers, swing my cheffer

2021年December9日，Bully B X Stewie X LR (Sin Squad), there Bully B （作曲作詞）, “Hello”，0:40–0:45:


attentively

繼承自中古英語 attentifly、attentifli，等價於 attentive + -ly。

more attentively (comparative)
most attentively (superlative)

仔細地，細心地；專心地，留意地

When Major saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively, he cleared his throat and began

1945年August17日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，章號 1, in Animal Farm […]，London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:


Toorkey

Lets^([sic]) see Armenia with your claimed 3% growth and Turkey with 6% growth
your numbers toorkey ;-) Lets^([sic]) see with your Numbers you are trying to
pass 20 so I'll give you that just to show you something :-) and
Toorkey Inflation was more then 75%. Now don't you see with your
twisted numbers we are still ahead growth vs infaltion^([sic])?. bye bye
toorkey ;-) Will post the numbers monday :-) bye bye toorkey ;-)

1999年February20日，kan...@carroll.com，“Turania...Turania...”, in alt.culture.armenian (Usenet):

For a more in depth view of what a fine job the military is doing in
Toorkey, read Amnesty.International.org. Great stuff!

要更深入地了解军队在土鸡
所做的出色工作，请阅读 Amnesty.International.org。非常棒的内容！

1999年March29日，Nick Krinis，“"WHO ARE WE THE TURKS" Your nemesis.”, in alt.news.cyprus (Usenet):

You're full of shit beanie. Go see dr. Colonik immediately... you're
due for an enema.
So Toorkey is kicking Liechtenstein's arse then if it's purchasing
power parity is - $825 million (1999 est.)

满嘴都是屁话的傻逼，麻烦你赶紧去看看肛肠科……你该灌肠了。
所以如果土鸡的购买力平价真有8.25亿美元（1999年估计），那么它早把列支敦士登给打趴下了。

2005年September27日，karapanomanolokopoulos，“Seanie the Turkish TROLL !”, in soc.culture.turkish (Usenet):

When Toorkey is a member of the club of civilized nations and member of
the EU in 3056 AD, they might get it eventually.

等到土雞在公元3056年進入文明國家之列、
成為歐盟一份子的時候，他們大概就能最終做到了。

2006年October13日，Nashton，“This is outrageous! So you believe in being politically correct Choro-nik?”, in alt.culture.armenian (Usenet):


supercrescent

consume or diminish the supercrescent or overgrown Flesh

1732，George Smith，Institutiones Chirurgicæ: or, Principles of Surgery:


superscribe

詞源樹
拉丁語 super-
拉丁語 scrībō
拉丁語 superscrīboder.
英語 superscribe
源自拉丁語 superscrībo (“覆寫”)。

superscribes (third-person singular present)
superscribing (present participle)
superscribed (past participle)

That Friday, which began like any other, when my fate was brought up from the kitchen, superscribed to me, and put into my ignorant hand.

1992，Hilary Mantel，A Place of Greater Safety，Harper Perennial, 出版於 2007，頁 121:


examiner

Younger [Customs] examiners, who, perhaps, have not yet acquired the intuition resulting from years of experience, seem partly responsible for the closer examination of incoming luggage. Not only is this closer scrutiny arousing feelings of resentment among passengers, but it is causing serious delays in the departure of boat trains, many of which have been reaching their destinations two or three hours late.

1951 November，“Delays to Boat Trains”, in Railway Magazine，頁 719:


supererogate

supererogates (third-person singular present)
supererogating (present participle)
supererogated (past participle)

/ˌs(j)uːpəɹˈɛɹəɡeɪt/

/ˌsupəɹˈɛɹəˌɡeɪt/

They who, in their obedience, attain to the greatest height which is possible in this life, are so far from being able to supererogate, and to do more than God requires, […]

The Westminster Confession of Faith, chapter XVI, article iv:

Were this all, therefore, or my task confined to such a relation, I should supererogate indeed in making this appearance.

1897，Stanley John Weyman，章號 I, in Shrewsbury:


chequee

cheki的另一種寫法。

At Constantinople, the cantaro, or quintal, contains 44 okes, or 100 rottoli; and the cantaro weighs about 123¾ lbs. avoirdupois, the oke 2lbs. 13 oz., and the rottolo 19⁴⁄₅ oz., and the chequee 11¼ oz. avoirdupois.

1819，Abraham Rees，The Cyclopaedia，卷 XXX, Rottolo:


chequeen

歷史上意大利和土耳其曾用過的一種金幣

he came to the Road of Antibo in Peamon, where he set Smith on shore with five hundred chicqueenes, and a little box God sent him worth neere as much more.

1630，John Smith，True Travels，Kupperman, 出版於 1988，頁 40:


revisit

繼承自中古英語 revisite，源自中古法語 revisiter 和拉丁語 revīsitāre。By surface analysis, re + visit。

revisits (third-person singular present)
revisiting (present participle)
revisited (past participle)

Thou, Kind Redeemer, toucht to ſee / So ſad a Sight, ſuch moving Miſery, / Didſt ſoon determine to diſpel / Theſe Shades of Death, and Gloom of Hell: / And ſo to reviſit with Thy Heav'nly Light / Loſt Man, bewilder'd in Infernal Night.

1703，[Richard Blackmore]，A Hymn to the Light of the World. With a Short Description of the Cartons of Raphael Urbin, in the Gallery at Hampton-Court，London: Printed for Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC，頁 8:

On November 21 the restored Highland "Jones Goods" 4-6-0, No. 103, revisited its old haunts when it worked a Stephenson Locomotive Society special from Glasgow (Buchanan Street) to Blair Atholl and back; [...].

1960 February，“Motive Power Miscellany: Scottish Region”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 122:


anodised

Metalwork is either silver or gold anodised aluminium, the latter being used experimentally in one of the six schemes.

1964 July，“XP64: New Standard Carriage Project”, in Modern Railways，頁 8:


anodized

more anodized (comparative)
most anodized (superlative)

經過陽極氧化（用于装饰或保护）的

This deluxe machine features anodized aluminum handles on all adjusting levers.

这款豪华机器的所有调节杆上都配有经阳极氧化的铝制手柄。

(Clango): What is it like having an inferior thought process?
(Maura): You know there are nicer ways to phrase that question, my anodized chum.

2000，Richard Stevens，Diesel Sweeties (webcomic):


examinee

Rimmer ducked his body low into his chair, so just his head remained above the table top, and peered past the backs of the examinees in front of him, waiting for the adjudicator to make his move.

1989，Grant Naylor，Red Dwarf: Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers:


visé

借自法語 visé，viser (“簽發簽證”) 的過去分詞。

A minister cannot make any direct charge for giving or viséing a passport (though his porter always takes care to ask for something), whereas the Russian consul always charges a dollar banco for every visé.

丹麦、挪威、瑞典和俄罗斯旅行者手册

1839，A Hand-book for Travellers in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Russia [丹麦、挪威、瑞典和俄罗斯旅行者手册]，頁 117:


subjacent

源自拉丁語 subiaceō (“下面的，底下的”)。

more subjacent (comparative)
most subjacent (superlative)

In some places, however, quartz reefs, payably auriferous while in Silurian rock, have been followed down to subjacent granite, and have there been found to thin out and become unprofitable […]

1887，R. A. Murray，Victoria. Geology and Physical Geography，頁 126:

Since the times of the Spanish conquest of the Americas, however, there had always been a subjacent stream of travel literature which had queried the civilizing function of Western penetration of such societies.

然而，自从西班牙征服美洲以来，一直有一批游记文学质疑西方国家渗透到美洲社会所产生的文明作用。

2002，Colin Jones，The Great Nation，Penguin, 出版於 2003，頁s 194–5:


waw

繼承自中古英語 wawe、waȝe、waghe，繼承自古英語 wǣg (“运动、水、波浪、巨浪、洪水、大海”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *wāg，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *wēgaz (“波浪、风暴”)，源自原始印歐語 *weǵʰ- (“拖拉、携带”)。
同源詞包括北弗里斯蘭語 weage (“水，波浪”)、德語 Wag、Woge (“波浪”)、法語 vague (“波浪”)、瑞典語 våg (“波浪”)。

[…] nigh it drawes
 All passengers, that none from it can shift:
 For whiles they fly that Gulfes deuouring iawes,
 They on this rock are rent, and sunck in helplesse wawes.

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book II, Canto XII”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


waw

繼承自中古英語 wawe、wowe、waugh、wough，繼承自古英語 wāh、wāg (“墙，隔板”)，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *waigaz (“墙”)，源自原始印歐語 *weyk- (“弯曲，扭曲”)。
同源詞包括低地蘇格蘭語 wauch、vauch、薩特弗里斯蘭語 Wooge (“室内墙壁、隔断”)。

She hath been at London to call a strea a straw, and a waw a wall.

1678，John Ray，A Collection of English Proverbs, section 75:

T'ootside waws was whitewesh't.

1886，Thomas Farrall，Betty Wilson's Cummerland Teals, section 41:


waw

借自阿拉伯語 وَاو (wāw)。wau 的同源對似詞。

vav (希伯來文的第六個字母)的另一種拼寫法

Rather, the waws of both fragments are demonstrably similar. What Cryer and Becking fail to note is that the style of waw used in Fragment B is also used in Fragment A.

2006，George Athas，The Tel Dan Inscription: A Reappraisal and a New Introduction，頁 147:


transmuter

使……變形、轉化、變化者

Hopeful transmuters of metals thus became associated with counterfeiters and forgers. Accordingly, during his tour of the Inferno, Dante meets two alchemists deep in the eighth circle of Hell[…]

2002，Lawrence Principe, Lloyd DeWitt，Transmutations，頁 8:


transmigrant

遷居者，遷徙者，過境移民

The move-in area is one of the last, largely unsettled areas of Qinghai suitable for irrigated agriculture. The economic benefits touted by the WB for the project were largely undisputed. Crop yields near the move-in area were already three to four times higher than those in the move-out area, and the WB estimated that, in a few years, settlers would be able to triple or quadruple their incomes and have better health care and educational facilities than they had in eastern Qinghai.⁵¹⁸ While there were no schools for many settler group children in eastern Qinghai,⁵¹⁹ ten schools that would reflect the ethnic and language background of students were to be built for ethnic minority transmigrants.⁵²⁰ Because the settlers were to live in twenty-four compact villages in a small part of the county, they would have left the rest of it undisturbed.⁵²¹ Tibetans were to live in a separate area, near villages inhabited by fellow Buddhist ethnic Tu people.⁵²² The projected increase in economic activity in the county would likely provide some opportunities for those already living there. As pointed out by the Dalai Lama’s nephew, who lives in his uncle’s hometown in Ping’an County (part of the move-out area), those remaining in the move-out area would also benefit from an increase in available land there and from less strain on resources.⁵²³

2006 November，Barry Sautman，“Tibet and the (Mis-) Representation of Cultural Genocide”, in Cultural Genocide and Asian State Peripheries，Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, →OCLC，頁s 205–206:


explicature

话语中明确表达的事物 （自20世紀）

In relevance theory terms, he must construct a hypothesis about the explicit content of Ally's utterance;that is, he mustrely upon both the words she uses in this utterance and an inferencing process to construct an explicature.

2012，Jodie Clark，Language, Sex and Social Structure:

If the speaker was your flat-mate and you had a habit of borrowing her property without permission, she might be asking you if you'd 'borrowed' the book she owned (explicature) and the utterance might be taken as a demand for its return.

2013，Peter Grundy，Doing Pragmatics，頁 136:


substituendum

For a given substituendum, there is usually only one clearcut choice for substitute.

1975，James Stanton Bare，“Methodological Considerations: The Pāṇinian Devices of Homogeneous Represenation and Āntaratamya”, in Phonetics and phonology in Pāṇini: the system of features implicit in the Aṣṭādhyāyī，頁 103:

The sixth (ṣaṣthī́) sUP triplet is used to indicate that the expression after which it is introduced is the substituendum (sthāné-yogā).

1989 [c. 450 公元前]，Pāṇini，譯者 Sumitra M. Katre, Aṣṭādhyāyī，頁 19:

In (6.16) and (6.17), the difference between substituens and substituendum is very pronounced[…]

2014年July15日，Sylvia Jaki，Phraseological Substitutions in Newspaper Headlines: “More Than Meats the Eye”，John Benjamins, →ISBN，頁 188:


ashwood

Easily as a sailor handling a blasphemy, the African reached behind him for the Viking ax (whose name, cut in runes along its ashwood haft, translated roughly as “Defiler of Your Mother”), but three little words preserved the cordial relations between the head and neck of the intruder, a wiry old party armed with a short sword, Persian by the look of him, with a knob of scar tissue where his right eye had been and a curious sneer.

2007年February4日，Michael Chabon，“‘Gentlemen of the Road’”, in New York Times:


desaparecido

非同化借詞，源自西班牙語 desaparecido。

1976年至1983年阿根廷军事统治期间失踪的人员，据推测被政权成员杀害

And Timerman's memoir, Prisoner without a Name, Cell without a Number, was the book above all that clothed in living, hurting flesh the necessarily abstract idea of the desaparecido: the disappeared one or, to invest it with the more sinister and grisly past participle with which it came into the world, the one who has been “disappeared.”

2010，Christopher Hitchens，Hitch-22，Atlantic, 出版於 2011，頁 193:

The French missionaries aided the mothers of Argentina's desaparecidos by accompanying them to police stations and military barracks looking for news of their children, before being kidnapped themselves by Astiz.

法国传教士帮助了阿根廷“失踪者”的母亲，陪同她们到警察局和军营寻找孩子的消息，但随后他们自己也被阿斯蒂斯绑架。


involver

One could look at whether participants improved their skills and abilities, whether there was individual or community empowerment, or whether there was a change in the level of trust between the involvers and the participants.

2004，Charles Donald Spielberger，Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology，卷 1，頁 796:


blanqueamiento

使某地或某種族逐漸白人化，例如增加某个地区的白人人口或向某个群体推行白人文化规范

Indigenous cultural differences were erased within a Mexican identity defined by the mixed bloodline of Spanish and Indian mestizaje that praised the eventual blanqueamiento of the mestize race.

2022年October12日，José Rivers Alfaro，Something More Splendid Than Two，punctum books, →ISBN，頁 84:


embread

embreads (third-person singular present)
embreading (present participle)
embreaded (past participle)

But now we must beleue that he cometh downe agayn at the wyll of the prestes, to be inpaned or inbreaded for their bellyes common welthe, lyke as he afore came downe, at the wyll of hys heuenlye father, to be incarnated or infleshed for our vnyuersall sowles helth.

1547，John Bale，The First Examinacion of Anne Askewe:

If christes bodye be in thee bred (as vndoubtedly it is) then it is enbreaded & his bloude enwyued, whych was alway taken for a great heresy, In respect wherof transubstantiacion nedes muste be graunted as ryght true and beleueable.

1548，Edmund Gest，A Treatise Againste the Preuee Masse:

I explain, in the simplest way possible, that "pan" means "bread," so "empanizada" must mean that the Callo is "embreaded."

1868，Charles Stephen Grueber，A Reply to the "Remarks" of the Rev. C. A. Heurtley:


geolocalize

geolocalizes (third-person singular present)
geolocalizing (present participle)
geolocalized (past participle)

将（某物）与相关地理位置联系起来

Everybody can geolocalize a picture on Google Earth and share this picture with other people on the Web.

每个人都可以对 Google 地球上的图片进行地理定位，并在网络上与其他人分享这张图片。

2009，Arthur Tatnall, Anthony Jones，Education and Technology for a Better World, →ISBN，頁 67:

Finally, it is possible to geolocalize the comment by drawing a geometry on a web map: a box shows the orthophoto of the Region published by SITR-IDT, together with proper draw tool boxes.

2012，Michele Campagna, Andrea De Montis, Federica Isola，Planning Support Tools, →ISBN，頁 853:

The process of tracking photographs is different because it is not only necessary to sign the taken photography by a mobile phone, but also geolocalize it.

2014，Juan M. Corchado, Javier Bajo Pérez, Jaroslaw Kozlak，Highlights of Practical Applications of Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems, →ISBN，頁 337:

In this direction, in a future where the Internet generates the idea of citizen journalism, we could tag and geolocalize our information while writing articles: in this way the process of visualizing invisible territories would be much more user-generated, automatic and ramified - much quicker and more reliable.

2015，Emanuela Bonini Lessing，Urban Safety and Security, →ISBN，頁 142:


jit

jits (third-person singular present)
jitting (present participle)
jitted (past participle)

if you call f(1.0) you get a newly jitted version that is specialized for Float64

2012年May23日，Stefan Karpinski，“Julia compiles the script every time?”, in Stack Overflow:


jit

缺乏经验、行事鲁莽的年轻人

When I jumped off the porch, I was wearing a tallis and the field was vicious
But none of this new to me, since a jit, I've been tryna preach unity

2024年July12日，“Hour Glass” (音軌號 1，開頭起0:44，), in BLP Kosher 作詞, Scarecrow:


supersedere

债权人自愿停止为债务人亲自执行债务的行为

Mr Sweepclean, secede paulisper, or, in your own language, grant us a supersedere of diligence for five minutes.

1816，Sir Walter Scott，The Antiquary，Oxford University Press, 出版於 2002，頁 406:


superseminate

superseminates (third-person singular present)
superseminating (present participle)
superseminated (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superseminate.wav

在已经播种的东西上再播种

Would to God that that Charity which is diffused in us by the spirit, would suffocate these superseminated tares of contentions...

1650 [1620]，Nicolas Caussin，譯者 Sir Thomas Hawkins, The Holy Court，3 (The Angel of Peace to All Christian Princes), William Bentley，頁 4:

While there is corruption in our nature,—narrowness in our faculties,—sleepiness in our eyes,—difficulty in our profession,—cunning in our enemies, δυσνόητα, 'hard things in the scriptures,'—and an envious man to superseminate; there will still be τί ἑτέρως φρονοῦντες, 'men that will be differently minded.'

1826 [1637]，Edward Reynolds，The Whole Works of the Right Rev. Edward Reynolds, Lord Bishop of Norwich，卷 IV, London: B. Holdsworth, Sermon II. The Peace of the Church，頁 295:

The field is first sown with good Corn, and then the Envious one comes after to super-seminate and sow his Tares of Idolatry, Superstition and Heresie, where true religion was sown before...

1690，Christopher Ness，“VII. Of Cain and Abel”, in A Compleat History and Mystery of the Old and New Testament，卷 I, London: T. Snowden，頁 67:

Dr. Lister, (according to his communicative and obliging Nature) has taught us how to raise such as our Gardiners cover with nasty Litter, during the Winter; by rather laying of Clean and Sweet Wheat-Straw upon the Beds, super-seminating and over-strowing them thick with the Powder of bruised Oyster-Shells, &c. to produce that most tender and delicious Sallet.

1699，John Evelyn，Acetaria : A Discourse of Sallets.，London: B. Tooke，頁s 134, 135:


lecture theatre

Inside classrooms and lecture theatres, all signage is in English, as is the signage in the staff office blocks. There were only three exceptions to this complete predominance of English.

2019，Li Huang, James Lambert，“Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI，頁 5:


arrabbiata

借自意大利語，arrabbiato (“憤怒的”) 的陰性形式；參見 rabbia (“憤怒”)。

/ˌaɹəˈbjɑːtə/

/ˌɑɹəbiˈɑːtə/

We were just trying to keep our heads above water, maybe catch some of the tomatoes they were throwing so we could make some arrabbiata.


shorn

This is the Prieſt all ſhaven and ſhorn, that married the man all tattered and torn[.]


somehow

有时加上 or other、or another 或 or the other 来表示不确定。

以某種（未知的）方式或原因；不知怎的

This problem has to be tackled somehow.

必须以某种方式解决这个问题。

We don't know how he's still alive after the accident, but somehow he is.

我们不知道事故发生后他为什么还活着，但他确实不知为何活了下来。

It’s not by accident Edward wrote “The Goat,” “The Zoo Story” or “Seascape,” with its two lizards, Sarah and Leslie. In fact, in all of his plays the animal is pretty prominent, somehow or other.
爱德华创作《山羊》、《动物园故事》或《海景》时，其中有两只蜥蜴，莎拉和莱斯利，这并非偶然。事实上，在他的所有戏剧中，动物都相当突出，不知何故。

December 1, 2016, Tom Donaghy writing in The New York Times, Tender Side of Edward Albee

Carried somehow, somewhither, for some reason, on these surging floods, were these travelers, of errand not wholly obvious to their fellows, yet of such sort as to call into query alike the nature of their errand and their own relations.

1910，Emerson Hough，章號 II, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise，Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

Have I not loathed to live again and said
It would have been far better to be dead,
 And yet somehow, I know not why,
Remained afraid to die!

我曾厌恶继续活下去，并说过“死了更好”，但不知为何，我仍旧害怕死亡！

Although youngest of the family, he has somehow or other got the entire management of all the others.

虽然他是家里最小的孩子，但他却以某种方式全面管理着其他所有人。


sufficiently

more sufficiently (comparative)
most sufficiently (superlative)

Once we had eaten and drunk sufficiently, we padded off to sleep.

吃饱喝足之后，我们就去睡觉了。

We wanted to build a tepee, but we couldn't find sufficiently long sticks.

我们想搭建一个帐篷，但找不到足够长的木棍。

Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke.[…]A silver snaffle on a heavy leather watch guard which connected the pockets of his corduroy waistcoat, together with a huge gold stirrup in his Ascot tie, sufficiently proclaimed his tastes.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年），Winston Churchill，章號 2, in The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

I prefer to think that birds have a sufficiently developed sense of humour to enjoy the spectacle of a human being hunched beneath a bush kissing the back of their hand.

我更愿意认为鸟类具有足够发达的幽默感，能够欣赏人类弯腰伏在灌木丛下亲吻它们手背的景象。

1980，Bill Oddie，Bill Oddie's Little Black Bird Book，頁 112:

There are those who value a seat sufficiently highly that they prefer to make their daily journeys by the Western Region Vine Street line.

有些人非常看重座位，因此他们更喜欢每天乘坐西区 Vine Street 线。

1952 March，R. K. Kirkland，“The Railways of Uxbridge”, in Railway Magazine，頁 150:

Attempts by Waterloo signalmen to clear the points by power operation eventually exhausted point motor batteries, which are fed by trickle chargers, and a blown fuse accentuated the problem; thus, even when the points had been cleared of ice, no power was available to operate them until the batteries were sufficiently recharged.

滑铁卢信号员尝试通过电力操作清理道岔，但最终耗尽了由涓流充电器供电的道岔电机电池，而保险丝烧断使问题更加严重；因此，即使道岔上的冰已经清理干净，在电池充分充电之前，也没有电力可供操作。

1962 March，“The New Year Freeze-up on British Railways”, in Modern Railways，頁 159:


sporting

more sporting (comparative)
most sporting (superlative)

涉及男性不體面行為（尤指賭博、嫖妓等娛樂活動）的

New Yorkers coined the term “sporting culture” to identify the boisterous male culture then on display on the city's streets.

2015，Michael Pierson，“Stephen Spaulding's Fourth of July in New Orleans”, in Confederate Cities: The Urban South during the Civil War Era，University of Chicago Press，頁 137:


supposedly

根據某些人的信念或主張；應該；據說；可能；按照推測

People from other planets have supposedly visited Earth in flying saucers.

据称，外星人类曾乘坐飞碟访问过地球。

According to your testimony, you were supposedly at home watching TV when the murder occurred.

根据您的证词，谋杀案发生时您正待在家里看电视。

France were supposedly a team in pieces, beaten by Tonga just a week ago and with coach Marc Lievremont publicly berating his players, but so clear-cut was their victory that much of the atmosphere had been sucked from the contest long before the end.

法国队一周前被汤加队击败，主教练马克·里夫雷蒙公开斥责队员，按理说这应该是支有点支离破碎的队伍，但这回他们的胜利太明显了，比赛还没结束，气氛就已经消失了。

2011，Tom Fordyce，Rugby World Cup 2011: England 12-19 France:

I haven't booked, so I don't have a clue as to whether the service will be busy or not. Supposedly, reservations are compulsory, but I want to find out what would happen if you just turn up.

2020年December2日，Paul Bigland，“My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail，頁 68:


tactical

The repeat that we use here is called a tactical, or tactic combinator. The behavior of repeat t is to loop through running t, running t on all generated subgoals, running t on their generated subgoals, and so on. When t fails at any point in this search tree, that particular subgoal is left to be handled by later tactics.

2013，Adam Chlipala，Certified Programming with Dependent Types:


appealing

The fair creature abandoned her position, and in the midst of her bitter tears and pathetic appealings, which my sense of duty alone enabled me to resist, I bore my prisoner off.

1866，Heros von Borcke，Memoirs of the Confederate War for independence:


diagnosticate

diagnosticates (third-person singular present)
diagnosticating (present participle)
diagnosticated (past participle)

Paracyesis and interstitial or cornuate fetation are purposely omitted, as such accidents can scarcely be diagnosticated […]

1895，American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists，Transactions，卷 7，頁 98:


enjoined

more enjoined (comparative)
most enjoined (superlative)

（權威機構）強制的；責令的；禁止的

For if there be any book in the Divine record, the publication of which is more enjoined than another, it is this.

1849，William Rogers，Jesus Comes and Comes Quickly，頁 101:

The former is no more enjoined by the Constitution than the latter , and the latter no more prohibited than the former.

1852，Martyn Paine, Mary Ann Paine，Memoir of Robert Troup Paine，頁 283:

But that the nonsensuous transcendental must necessarily be some non-existential spiritual merit, which is to be the emergent product of a certain course of enjoined actions, is not conceded whole sale without some specific reservation .

2000，Shyama Kumar Chattopadhyaya，The Philosophy of Sankar's Advaita Vedanta，頁 144:


respector

Your petitioners would respectfully desire to impress upon the notice of your Honorable House the baneful effect of that permission upon the young and thoughtless; presenting, as it does, a powerful, and in very many instances, an irresistible inducement to drunkenness and riot, subversive of peace and order, most grievous and offensive to the respectors of that Holy Day.

1870年August16日，“Petition for Amendment of Licensed Victuallers Act”, in Proceedings of the Parliament of South Australia; with Copies of Documents Ordered to be Printed. 1870-71.，卷 III, Adelaide: […] W. C. Cox, […], 出版於 1871:

The reason of this is that in Russia every body smokes, and provision is made accordingly. Save the church, no place is here sacred from the weed. The papyros is no respector of domestic sanctities.

1882，“Notes and Queries”, in The American Practitioner: A Monthly Journal of Medicine and Surgery，卷 XXVI, Louisville, Ky.: John P. Morton and Company; Indianapolis, Ind.: Cathcart & Cleland，頁s 377–378:

Always remember the qualities of a student of this oracle, also, which are: You will always 1. Be a respector of the ancient traditions of your people. 2. Be devoted to the Gods and to all of the forms of their manifestation. 3. Be a respector of the priesthood as the mediation power between the Gods of the Universe and the people of the earth.

2007，Michael Bertiaux，The Voudon Gnostic Workbook，第expanded版, San Francisco, Calif., Newburyport, Mass.: Weiser Books, →ISBN，頁 156:


albeit

源自中古英語短語 al be it (that)，縮略自 althagh it be that (“儘管是那樣的情況”)，由 al (“完全地”) + be (been (“是；在”) 的第三人稱單數現在虛擬式) + it 組成。

albeit 歷史上也可以和 although 一樣引出獨立子句（如上方《威尼斯商人》中的用法），但過了早期現代英語的時代以後，已不再這麼用，如今基本只引出名詞短語、形容詞短語、副詞短語及從屬子句。

一個罕見的用法：若指的是“儘管（多個事物）”時，會用 albethey 來代替，這基於對 albeit 的重新分析。

The stranger had crossed a sacred line. He had mentioned the men’s mothers. Nothing could get him out of a beating now, even the fact that he was obviously a simpleton. Albeit a simpleton with a good vocabulary.

There’s an easy, albeit expensive, way to fix the national crisis in forensic crime labs.

有一种简单但昂贵的方法可以解决法医犯罪实验室的国家危机。

Up front, skipper and open-side Lewis Moody looked almost back to full fitness, while England's set-piece was barely troubled, albeit against a Romania side showing 11 changes from that beaten by Argentina earlier in the week.

前锋线上，队长兼边锋刘易斯·穆迪看上去已几乎完全恢复健康，英格兰队的定位球也几乎没有遇到麻烦，尽管与本周早些时候被阿根廷队击败的罗马尼亚队相比，这支球队进行了11次换人。

2011年September24日，Ben Dirs，“Rugby World Cup 2011: England 67 – 3 Romania [2011年橄榄球世界杯：英格兰 67-3 罗马尼亚]”, in BBC Sport:


misdeliver

misdelivers (third-person singular present)
misdelivering (present participle)
misdelivered (past participle)

錯誤投遞，錯誤傳送，錯誤運送

It was not unusual to misdeliver mail and to go back and try to retrieve it.

2009年July23日，Lesley Ciarula Taylor，“Police condemned for racial profiling of letter carrier”, in Toronto Star:


provine

源自法語 provingner，源自 provin (“一组、一层植物”)、古法語 provain，源自拉丁語 propago、propaginis，類似於 propagare (“繁殖”)。參見 propagate、prune。

provines (third-person singular present)
provining (present participle)
provined (past participle)

将葡萄的根茎或枝条埋入地下，以便繁殖

Do not provine, but fill up all places which have become vacant by two-year plants from the nursery

1872，John Louis William Thudichum, August Dupré，A Treatise on the Origin, Nature, and Varieties of Wine:


perceived

The perceived wisdom is that people do not go in large numbers to black-and-white movies anymore

人们普遍认为，现在人们不再大量去看黑白电影了

In his submission to the UN, [Christof] Heyns points to the experience of drones. Unmanned aerial vehicles were intended initially only for surveillance, and their use for offensive purposes was prohibited, yet once strategists realised their perceived advantages as a means of carrying out targeted killings, all objections were swept out of the way.

2013年June7日，Ed Pilkington，“‘Killer robots’ should be banned in advance, UN told”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 188, 期 26，頁 6:


snowing

源自 snow (“下雪”)。

And sometimes hours of peace, I own, / Upon some fairer leaves have shown, / White as the snowings of that heaven / By which those hours of peace were given.

a. 1852，Thomas Moore，Written in a Common-Place Book:


attributed

This attribute is used to declare in metadata that the attributed method or class requires SocketPermission of the declared form.

2003，Peter Drayton, Ben Albahari, Ted Neward，C# in a Nutshell，頁 536:


overdressed

more overdressed (comparative)
most overdressed (superlative)

穿得過分正式的，打扮得過分隆重的

Not, a thousand times not, that she should be overdressed. An overdressed Angel is a contradiction in terms. We associate not angelic attributes with the gorgeous attire and plenipotent jewellery of a Houndsditch Hebrewess. Just as the man who is got up in the loudest of loud costumes, and hangs out as a sort of Christmas tree, with incongruous braveries and charms and nicknacks pendent all over, we are apt to deem not a gentleman, but a gent.

1870 October，Perceval Picard，“House Angel in Trim Array”, in The New Monthly Magazine，卷 147, 號 598，頁 387:

"I was worried you might think I am overdressed," Sheinna replied in a small voice.

“我担心你会觉得我穿得太正式了，”谢伊娜小声回答道。

2012，Barbara Cartland，Love and the Clans (The Pink Collection; 89), →ISBN:


overfull

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-overfull.wav

比別人打出的葫蘆要大的葫蘆

[…] let's say the flop comes 9-9-8, with the open pair on top. One player has J-T-9-8 for the overfull—9s full of 8s for the nut full house—while another player has 8-8-7-6 for 8s full of 9s and the "underfull". The player with the underfull is both getting smashed and drawing dead.

2008，Jeff Hwang，Pot-Limit Omaha Poker: The Big Play Strategy，Kensington Publishing Corp., →ISBN，頁 5:


recurring

Winter, here, is a dimension of all reality, not one-fourth of the spiritual year's endless recurrings.

2009，Martin E. Marty，A Cry of Absence: Reflections for the Winter of the Heart，頁 21:


suchlike

繼承自中古英語 sich like、suche-like、swylk lyk；等同於 such + like。

之類的東西，諸如此類的東西

Entertainment is the name of the media game which may include your telling about why the book was written, fun stuff about completing the manuscript […] or suchlikes to liven the interview.

1999，William Carroll，Self Publishing Made Easy，頁 229:


stopping

an amalgam stopping

curious antiquaries, sifting the ruins of time, when London is a grass-grown path and all those hurrying along the pavement this Wednesday morning are but bones with a few wedding rings mixed up in their dust and the gold stoppings of innumerable decayed teeth

1925，Virginia Woolf，Mrs. Dalloway，Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.，頁 23:

Then one day a big stopping came out of one of my back teeth.

然后有一天，我一颗后牙上的一大块填料掉了下来。

1958，Henno Martin，譯者 Edward Fitzgerald, The Sheltering Desert，New York: Thomas Nelson，頁 125:


undercooked

more undercooked (comparative)
most undercooked (superlative)

The broccoli was nicely undercooked.

西蘭花生得很好，沒有煮熟。

For the main course, order any of the fresh fish from the blackboard; the swordfish is always wonderful (and nicely undercooked, unless you specify otherwise).

1987 April，“Restaurants”, in Orange Coast Magazine，卷 13, 號 4，頁 80:

The yellowfin tuna at a seaside restaurant is nicely undercooked.

2008，Robert D. Temple，Edge Effects: The Border-name Places，頁 214:

She had fixed me a light supper — perfectly undercooked scrambled eggs, rye toast, a sliced orange, and a wedge of gouda cheese.

她给我准备了一顿清淡的晚餐——生得恰到好处的炒鸡蛋、黑麦吐司、一片橙子和一块高达奶酪。

2020，Harold Fickett，The Holy Fool: A Novel，頁 127:


spastic

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 spasticus，來自古希臘語 σπαστικός (spastikós，“抽搐”)。By surface analysis, spasm + -tic。比較法語 spastique；參見 spasm。

spastic 和 spaz 的冒犯性在英國和美國有很大差別。在美國，这两个词在残疾人社区之外通常无害；而在英國和愛爾蘭，它们具有广泛的冒犯性，通常被视为对脑瘫患者的贬义。因此，萨塞克斯大学語言學家 Lynne Murphy 将 spastic 描述為“英国人听来最忌讳的侮辱之一”（one of the most taboo insults to a British ear），在英国广播公司 2003 年的一项调查中，它被选为与残疾有关的第二大冒犯性词语（仅次于 retard）。

Jed Maxwell: See you next week then. We'll have that pint.
Alan Partridge: Yep.
Jed Maxwell: ...go and see my brother.
Alan Partridge: No way, you big spastic! You're a mentalist!

1997年December1日，Peter Baynham, Steve Coogan, Armando Iannucci，“To Kill a Mocking Alan”, in I'm Alan Partridge:


amenities

When we got to Sullivan Street Mrs. Ricci was waiting in front with a glare in her eye that made me decide not to stop for any amenities.

1934，Rex Stout，Fer-de-Lance，Bantam, 出版於 1992, →ISBN，頁 24:


suavity

繼承自中古英語 suavyte、suavite、suavitee，源自中古法語 suavité、拉丁語 suāvitas。

香甜，甜蜜，甜美（尤指氣味、味道）

Whan this ſayd monument diſcouered was / Suche a ſuauite and fragrant odoure / Aſcended from the corps by ſingular grace / Paſſyng all worldly ſwetnes and ſauour / That all there present that day and hour / Suppoſed they had ben / in the felicite / Of erthely paradiſe / without ambiguite.

1513，Henry Bradshaw，The Holy Lyfe and History of Saynt Werburge: Very Frutefull for All Christen People to Rede (Remains Historical & Literary Connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chester Published by The Chetham Society; volume XV)， […] The Chetham Society, 出版於 1848:


asking

繼承自中古英語 asking、askyng、askynge，繼承自古英語 āscung (“询问；问题”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *aiskungu，等價於 ask + -ing。

一般用其复数形式，或见于 for the asking 或 time of asking 等短语。

His asking was greeted with silence.

他的询问得到的只是沉默。

The large eyes sought his own, as if asking for help, and yet unable to do more than look their mute asking.

1837，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，“An Evening Alone”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […]，卷 I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC，頁 303:

Form's silent asking, man's loving speech, the mute proclamation of the creature, are all gates leading into the presence of the Word.

If someone asks for love he will not get love, because the very asking makes him unlovely, ugly; the very fact of asking becomes the barrier.

如果有人要求得到爱，他将得不到爱，因为要求本身就让他变得不可爱、丑陋；要求这个事实本身就成为了障碍。

2023，Osho，Meditation: The Art of Ecstasy，頁 89:


hoochie

不確定。最早見於20世紀，原為非洲裔美國人用詞。可能源自 hootchy-kootchy，一種來源不明的色情舞蹈。

Appearance-wise, the “low-budget” chickenhead and the “straight-up hoochie” chickenhead go from one extreme to the other. The hoochie “tries too much” and the “low-budget” female doesn’t “try hard enough.”

2000，Tariq Nasheed，The Art of Mackin’，頁 47:

“Here she go lookin’ like a straight up dirty coochie having hoochie gettin’ all the play,” Quanisha mumbled under her breath jealously.


hoochie

hutchie (“掩體；避難所”)的另一種寫法

This TP should be delivered as the hoochie shelter is constructed. Demonstrate and explain each step.

2019，Royal Canadian Army Cadets，Red Star Instructional Guide，頁 60:


fanny

來自 Fanny Adams。水手们不喜欢作为口粮提供的羊肉罐头，说里头装的是 Fanny Adams 被残忍杀害和肢解后的残骸。

I put on a big fanny of Ky, that is a straight-sided pot of cocoa for them returning.


twat

未知。可能與古諾爾斯語 þveit (“砍伐、割开、森林中的空地”) 有關，若如此，則是 thwaite 的同源對似詞。但也可能只是擬聲詞。

That you wanna get with, lick up in my twat / Gotta hit the spot, if not don't test the poom-poom

1996，“No Time”, in Hard Core，演出者 Lil' Kim ft. Puff Daddy:


twat

twats (third-person singular present)
twatting (present participle)
twatted (past participle)

Arnold Rimmer: What are we gonna do?

1989, Red Dwarf, series III, episode 3 (Polymorph)

"Umbridge'll twat him into next week."

"I'd love to twat her over the head with this. What d'ya reckon?"
"She'd certainly bleed a lot."

2006，Martyn J. Pass, Dani Pass，Waiting for Red:

That's the only time I have been twatted by someone.

2007，Mark Button，Security Officers And Policing: Powers, Culture and Control in the Governance of Private Space:


incute

incutes (third-person singular present)
incuting (present participle)
incuted (past participle)

This doth incute and beat into our hearts the fear of God, which expelleth sin, and "is the beginning of wisdom."


asshat

源自 ass + hat，源自俚語 have one's head up one's ass (字面意思是“把屁股當帽子戴”)，引申指一无所知或笨手笨脚的人，他们不明白发生了什么事。

the same connotations as "FUCKWITS." for less extreme cases i suggest ASSHATS

1998年July23日，T...，“Re: GREEN RIVER NARROWS, NC: ALL PUTINS CLOSED!!”, in rec.boats.paddle (Usenet), retrieved 2018-10-04, message-ID <6p7j7t$r21$1@nnrp1.dejanews.com>:

While I wait, the air is abuzz with tales of other marathons while many set of eyes cut in my direction. Eventually an asshat in a JUST DO IT T-shirt asks me, “How's your training going?”

2006，Jen Lancaster，Bitter is the New Black […] ，Penguin, →ISBN，頁 224:

Anyone who would make a claim like this on national TV is a real asshat.

任何在国家电视台上发表此类言论的人都是大蠢蛋。

2007，John Hargrave，Prank the Monkey: The Zug Book of Pranks，Citadel Press, →ISBN，頁 188:


lesbiana

與女同性戀有關的事物（如工藝品、文學作品）

The "conference vision and goals" discussion included the question of whether the gathering should be a "lesbo expo" ― with crafts and other lesbiana. Instead, the group decided on a "lesbian conference with related events."

1989年April15日，Angela Bowen，“Towards a National Lesbian Conference”, in Gay Community News，頁 2:


jave

ice-jam release wave 的縮約形。由地質學家Martin Jasek & Spyros Beltaos在2008年造出。

河流冰塞破裂时，向下游释放出的波浪状水和冰

The effect of the jave depends upon the characteristics of the ice-jam release and downstream ice conditions.

2019，Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt，“Ice-Jam Release Waves (Javes)” (章號 13), in River Ice Processes and Ice Flood Forecasting: A Guide for Practitioners and Students，第2nd版, Springer Nature, →ISBN，頁 437:

The height of a jave is related to, and smaller than, the difference between the total water depths caused by the parent jam and the (usually) ice-covered or open water flow downstream of the toe.

2021-12-14，Spyros Beltaos，“Assessing the Frequency of Floods in Ice-Covered Rivers under a Changing Climate: Review of Methodology”, in Geosciences，卷 11, 號 12, MDPI, →DOI，存檔自the original on 2023-06-28，頁 518:


divulgate

借自拉丁語 dīvulgātus，dīvulgāre 的過去分詞。

被披露的，公開的，傳播開的

It was diuulgate through all Rome.

1574，Edward Hellowes，The familiar epistles，根據Anthony of Gueuara原著改編的翻譯作品:


divulgator

Good journalists can be important divulgators of knowledge

优秀的记者可以成为重要的知识传播者

In the tongue wherein Christ spake these words, namely the Syriac, the fittest word that He could find to signify the devil’s name, is a word that signifies divulgator

1841，Lancelot Andrews，Ninety-six Sermons by The Right Honourable and Reversed Father in God，John Henry Parker，頁 482:

In short, when his total activity is weighed, his role as a literary divulgator and mentor must be taken into consideration.

简而言之，衡量他的全部活动时，必须考虑到他作为文学传播者和导师的角色。

1970，Martin S. Stabb，Jorge Luis Borges (引文語言：英語; 文獻語言：英語), New York: Twayne Publishers，頁 57:


tell me about it

you said it

表示有相同的感受，有同樣的體驗；可不是嘛，的確這樣

amen

表示有相同的感受，有同樣的體驗；可不是嘛，的確這樣

表示有相同的感受，有同樣的體驗；可不是嘛，的確這樣

同類詞：you're telling me

"I guess it's a lot of work for a cop to juggle personal relationships." / "Tell me about it."

“我想，对于一名警察来说，处理好个人关系是件很辛苦的事。”/“可不是嘛。”

1996，J. D. Robb，Immortal in Death，頁 183:

"Go sit with him. I think he's a little depressed. It's not easy to grow old." / "Tell me about it."

“去陪他坐坐吧，我觉得他有点郁闷，人老了不容易。”/“你说得没错。”

2007，Daniel Silva，The Secret Servant，頁 364:

"We're on the Air Force family planning routine. Mitch's been out of town so much we haven't even had a chance to try and get pregnant." / "Tell me about it."

2008，Sara Rosett，Staying Home Is a Killer，頁 90:


oxymeter

EUDIO′METER. [...] An instrument by which the quantity of oxygen and nitrogen in atmospheric air is ascertained: an oxymeter.

1836，“EUDIO′METER”, in A Medical Vocabulary, or Explanation of All Names, Synonymes, Terms and Phrases Used in Medicine, Surgery, and the Relative Branches of Medical Science; […]，Edinburgh: John Carfrae & Son; London: Longman, Rees, Orme, & Co.; Dublin: Hodges & Smith, →OCLC，頁 64，列 2:

The Millikan oxymeter, with which Dr. Howard Bierman has been working and which he has discussed with this group, can be attached to the external ear and gives prompt information about oxygen saturation. It is so calibrated that the administration of 97 to 100% oxygen to normal individuals causes an increase of 5 per cent in the oxymeter reading.

1950年January25日，Francis L. Chamberlain，“Therapy of Myocardial Infarction”, in The Bulletin of the University of California Medical Center, San Francisco，卷 1, 期 5, San Francisco, Calif.: University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, 出版於 March 1950, →OCLC，頁 544:

Recalibration of the oxymeters was done in January 1969 with a standard solution. Oxygen recordings by the oxymeters were as low as 10 ppb and agreed well with the Winkler tests. The Magna oxymeter was used successfully throughout the operation period to monitor the oxygen level in the deaerated brine.

1970 August，Stearns-Roger Corporation，“Plant Activities”, in Oak Ridge National Laboratory Vertical Tube Evaporator Pilot Plant: Annual Report for Fiscal Year 1969 (Research and Development Progress Report; No. 600)，Washington, D.C.: Office of Saline Water, 美國 Department of the Interior, →OCLC，頁 56:

The Chorella experiment studied the growth of algae cultures in a nutrient medium, and an oxymeter was used to study the concentrations of oxygen in human tissue in weightlessness.

2007，Tim Furniss, David J. Shayler, with Michael D. Shayler，“Soyuz 28”, in Praxis Manned Spaceflight Log 1961–2006 (Springer-Praxis Books in Space Exploration)，Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; published in association with Praxis Publishing, →ISBN，頁 211:

Mice subjected to intermittent O₂ treatment were exposed to 100% O₂ directly after surgery for two 3 hours intervals, with a period of 3 hours of normal ambient air in between. [...] O₂ concentration was continually recorded using an oxymeter.

接受間歇性 O₂ 治療的小鼠在手術後直接暴露於 100% O₂ 中，持續兩個3小時區間，中間有3小時的正常環境空氣暴露期。 … 使用血氧儀持續記錄 O₂ 濃度。

2015年July6日，Julia Kemmler et al.，“Exposure to 100% Oxygen Abolishes the Impairment of Fracture Healing after Thoracic Trauma”, in PLoS One，卷 10, 期 7, San Francisco, Calif.: Public Library of Science, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:


kahu

Riding along the road near the Whenuakura river, I observed a kahu pursuing a small bird (apparently a ground lark) high in the air.

1879，Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand，頁 368:


arpeggiate

arpeggiates (third-person singular present)
arpeggiating (present participle)
arpeggiated (past participle)

[…] Mr. Keezer arpeggiated chords a little flashily, but justifiably so; […]。

2007年January12日，Ben Ratliff，“High-Toned Scats and Purrs by a Low-Profile Jazz Singer”, in New York Times:


bucket list

源自 bucket + list。
*義項1：可能暗指一个概念性的桶，里面放着以后要处理的任务。
*義項2：來自 kick the bucket (“死亡，去世”)，bucket 可能指横梁，猪被宰杀后，被倒挂在上面（可能源自古法語 buquet (“天平；投石机”)）。1999年由美國及英國的編劇賈斯汀·查克漢造出，当时他写了一个草稿，叫“贾斯汀死前要做的事情清单”（“Justin’s List of Things to Do before I Kick the Bucket”），后来缩短成“Justin’s Bucket List”。清单上的第一项是让好莱坞的一家大电影公司制作一个剧本。几年后，他突然想到“bucket list”这个概念可以作为一部电影的基础，于是他写了一个剧本，讲述两个濒死的男人在生命的最后一刻互相完成他们自己的遗愿清单的故事，这部剧本后来成为了电影《遗愿清单》 (2007)。也正是这部电影让这个用法流行起来。

会议期间出现的、被搁置到以后处理的任务清单 （自20世紀末）

同類詞：to-do list

A "bucket" list is simply a formal procedure for recording items of concern that arise during work on other agenda items.

“入桶”清单仅仅是一个正式的程序，用于记录在处理其他议程项目时出现的值得关注的事项。

1978，James D. Anderson, Ezra Earl Jones，“The Primary Task of Ministry”, in The Management of Ministry，San Francisco, Calif.: Harper & Row, →ISBN，頁 151:

The figures and section drawings contain many of the most important locus numbers. We are not publishing a complete bucket list.

[1990，Eric M. Meyers, Carol Meyers, James F. Strange，“Introduction”, in Excavations at the Ancient Synagogue of Gush Ḥalav (Meiron Excavation Project; V)，Winona Lake, Ind.: [F]or the American Schools of Oriental Research by Eisenbrauns, →ISBN，頁 1:

As you go through each step during the session, keep a "bucket list" of items that will need followup action

在课程进行过程中，当你完成每个步骤时，记录一份需要后续行动的事项清单

1997，Suzan L[inn] Jackson，“Getting Started”, in The ISO14001 Implementation Guide: Creating an Integrated Management System，New York, N.Y.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN，頁 226:

Focus on only one issue at a time. Whenever a new issue arises, don't ignore it, but don't allow the meeting to get distracted from the current topic. Always record each new issue on a posted "parking lot" or "bucket list" in the meeting room.

每次只关注一个问题。无论何时出现新问题，都不要忽视它，但不要让会议偏离当前主题。务必在会议室张贴的“停车场”或“入桶清单”上记录每个新问题。

2004，Tom Kendrick，“Meeting Execution”, in The Project Management Tool Kit: 100 Tips and Techniques for Getting the Job Done Right，第2nd版, New York, N.Y.: Amacom, American Management Association, 出版於 2010, →ISBN，頁 87:

散列函数中使用的包含存储桶的数据结构 （自20世紀中葉）

Using a bucket list structure[…], the program sorts each incoming word serially, constructing a list within each of 256 buckets for good words of a given alphabetic range […]

1960年July25日，J. C. Olney，Feat, an Inventory Program for Information Retrieval (FN-4018)，Santa Monica, Calif.: System Development Corporation; quoted in Mary Elizabeth Stevens，“Operational Considerations”, in Automatic Indexing: A State-of-the-Art Report (National Bureau of Standards Monograph; 91)，Washington, D.C.: National Bureau of Standards, United States Department of Commerce, 30 March 1965, reissued February 1970, →OCLC，頁 170:

In place of direct storage in the block we might substitute pointers to linked bucket lists of the elements having the same hash addresses. After hashing B#95;x and retrieving the pointer to the appropriate bucket list, we search the list for B#95;x, and if not found, add it to the end of the list.

1975，Terrence W. Pratt，“Data”, in Programming Languages: Design and Implementation，Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, →ISBN，頁 83:


canzona

借自意大利語 canzona。

合组歌，盛行于16和17世纪的一种器乐作品

Mr. Milnes had a turn in the spotlight with a canzona for solo organ by Johann Caspar Kerll.

2007年January15日，Steve Smith，“Classic Viennese Music, the Prequel”, in New York Times:


annumerate

借自拉丁語 annumerat-，annumerō (“點算；計入”) 的完成被動分詞詞幹。

annumerates (third-person singular present)
annumerating (present participle)
annumerated (past participle)

There are omissions of other kinds, which will deserve to be annumerated to these by being either total, or notorious, or upon the score of some other circumstance

1722，William Wollaston，The Religion of Nature Delineated:


militaria

By surface analysis, military + -ia (“事物的集合”)。

/ˌmɪlɪˈtɛrɪə/

According to Denby, who has a store at 20 Birch Ave., the militaria market has grown up in recent years. "It used to be that only school boys were interested in collecting these things." Now with cap badges going for up to $4,000, the market has matured to the point where the collector has to know what he's doing or he can get "stung."

2014，Ross Skoggard，The Compleat Collector:


Higgs boson

源自 Higgs + boson; 以英國物理學家彼得·希格斯命名，他因提出現在所謂的希格斯機制而受到讚譽。由韓裔美國的理論物理學家Benjamin W. Lee 被普遍認為是這個術語的創造者。

The existence of a Higgs boson would be the simplest solution to the problem of electroweak symmetry breaking.

1987，Robert N. Cahn，“The Search for a Heavy Higgs Boson at the SSC”, in New and Exotic Phenomena: Proceedings of the Seventh Moriond Workshop，頁 468:

We also know other things about the Higgs boson. If it were much more massive, a problem would occur. Since Higgs bosons interact with particles with a large mass, Higgs bosons would also interact with themselves (as they have mass too). This “self interaction” puts an upper limit on the mass of the Higgs boson as less than about 500-1000 GeV.

2004，Don Lincoln，Understanding the Universe: 源自Quarks to the Cosmos，頁 239:

In the higher Higgs boson mass domain, the Higgs boson decays dominantly to a pair of b-quarks.

2011，Christopher G. Tully，Elementary Particle Physics in a Nutshell，頁 255:

Have you ever heard about the Higgs Boson Blues? / I'm going down to Geneva, baby / Gonna teach it to you

2013，“Higgs Boson Blues”, in Nick Cave 作詞, Push the Sky Away，演出者 Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds:


bozon

Chain book sellers are, by and large, bogon and bozon emitters like nothing you've ever seen.

1996，John Novak，“Re: TOR is Fucking with Us All”, in rec.arts.sf.written.robert-jordan (Usenet):

One bozon is the exact amount of stupidity and lack of scientific knowledge needed to confuse joules with watts.

2000，Jeffrey Yu，“[Fanfic] Flame Wars!!!”, in alt.startrek.vs.starwars (Usenet):

Riling people to the point of stupidity is a poor litmus test of their decency, no matter how red and blue their faces get. The result of these trolls seems only to show that the collision of large egos results in the ejection of energetic bozons.

2000，Dirt First!，“Re: Thanks for all the fish, but I'm vegetarian”, in comp.lang.perl.misc (Usenet):

There might be a superhigh concentration of bozons which will create a Stupid Hole and suck them all in.

2001, "Kurt[MCoPS]", Re: [ot] Aiiieee! - The Four Horseman:Template:SIC return! (on newsgroup rec.games.miniatures.warhammer)


Pence

德語 Pentz 或 Benz 的美國化拼寫。

彭斯，姓氏。 特指邁克·彭斯（美國第48任副總統）

But he [Mike Pence]’s no Trump in any sense. […] The base respects Pence and his loyal service, but he just does not have the covfefe that the base needs and wants in 2024.

关于唐纳德·特朗普（和你！）的 21 个最大谎言

2020，Kurt Schlichter，The 21 Biggest Lies about Donald Trump (and You!) [关于唐纳德·特朗普（和你！）的 21 个最大谎言]，Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, →ISBN:


asili

借自斯瓦希里語 asili (“來源”)；由人類學家 Marimba Ani 將此意義引入。

文化的中心種子或「發芽基質」

Law, religion and worldview emerge from the chrysalis of the asili. In western culture, the asili is characterised by separation and universalism.

2002，Susan Hawthorne，Wild Politics: Feminism, Globalisation, Bio/diversity，頁 381:


moble

mobles (third-person singular present)
mobling (present participle)
mobled (past participle)

包裹住某人的頭或臉（通常搭配 up）

She was all mobled up at the window, her tawniness flat and dull in this snowlight, and I felt pity.

1964，Anthony Burgess，Nothing Like the Sun:


cingle

繼承自中古英語 sengle，源自古法語 sengle、cengle（現代法語 sangle），源自晚期拉丁語 cingula，源自拉丁語 cingulum (“腰带”)，源自 cingere (“系紧”)。cinch 的同源對似詞。亦對照中古英語 kyngle、kyngll (“腰带，胸针”) ← 古諾爾斯語 kinga (“胸针”)。

A triangle of arcs, her slip, flag red, and her friend with a swimmer’s back and saucery hollows in his solidly boxed buttocks was cupped into a gauze pouch and cingle.

1990，Guy Davenport，The Drummer of the Eleventh North Devonshire Fusiliers:


MAGA

唐納·川普政治哲學的追隨者。

A terrified mob of these MAGAs in their red hats had gathered in the town square screaming: “Where’s Sarah? Where’s Sarah? She promised to make Stars Hollow great again! She’s the only one who can save us!”

一群戴著紅帽子的川普政治哲學的支持者聚集在鎮廣場，驚恐萬分，尖叫著：“莎拉在哪裡？莎拉在哪裡？她承諾要讓星空谷再次偉大！只有她能救我們！”

2020，John Pansini，Election 2220: Night of the Voting Dead，RtS Publishing, →ISBN:

A different study by political scientists found that Trump’s anti-immigrant ravings actually inspired more white people to vote against him than it did white MAGAs to vote for him.

政治學家進行的另一項研究發現，川普的反移民言論實際上激發了更多白人投票反對他，而不是更多白人川普政治哲學追隨者支持他。

2020，Kurt Andersen，Evil Geniuses: The Unmaking of America: A Recent History，Random House, →ISBN，頁 267:

Trump, a man devoted to television like it’s religion, likely couldn’t give a damn, but the RNC, the state parties, and the various victory committees will be working their asses off to deploy MAGAs into the field.

川普對電視的熱愛如同宗教般虔誠，他可能對此毫不在意，但共和黨全國委員會、各州政黨以及各個勝利委員會將不遺餘力地將川普政治哲學運動部署到電視領域。

2020，Rick Wilson，“The Trump 2020 War Machine”, in Running Against the Devil: A Plot to Save America from Trump—and Democrats from Themselves，New York, N.Y.: Crown Forum, →ISBN, part 3 (Army of Darkness: Trump’s War Machine)，頁 138:

There were two problems for an African American in Washington DC, during a MAGA rally. First, there were too many pro-Trump MAGAs in town. Worse, there were lots of police officers too. […] At Harry’s Bar a few blocks from the hotel, Money B had apparently made friends because these MAGAs turned out to be fans of his famous songs, like “The Humpty Dance.”

2021，Erbil Gunasti, Daphne Barak，“[[Coming Home] Trump Extended Hand] Celebrating Christmas at the White House”, in Struggling for One America: Trump vs. Hollywood: The Two White Houses，Skyhorse Publishing, →ISBN:

Many of the founders and leaders of today’s populist parties now just aren’t like their followers. The followers either don’t know – there are plenty of vox pops where Magas (Make American Great Agains) still describe Trump as a self-made man – or don’t care: all this fussing about class origins and elite linkages is just what bitter, twisted liberals do.

2021，Peter York，“(Most) Populists aren’t what they seem…”, in Populism, the Pandemic and the Media: Journalism in the age of Covid, Trump, Brexit and Johnson，Abramis Academic Publishing, →ISBN, section 2 (UK politics and the media)，頁 103:

MY LIBERAL RUSSIAN FRIENDS STARTED TO CALL THOSE PEOPLE KRYM-NASHI (“CRIMEA’S OURS”-NIKS) MUCH AS AMERICAN LIBERALS CALL DONALD TRUMP’S FANS MAGAS.

[2022，Andrew S. Weiss，Accidental Czar: The Life and Lies of Vladimir Putin，First Second, →ISBN，頁 198:

For DeSantis, it’s “Ron De-sanctimonious.” It doesn’t matter whether his MAGAs know what sanctimonious means; Trump makes the point and his loyal servants get a good laugh.

2022，George Waas，Social Media Musings: Book 4，AuthorHouse, →ISBN:

Taylor tweeted about the bind that Zelenskyy found himself in: “Ukraine, of course, is desperate for US support. The biggest risk they face is falling out of favor with the American public. And that explains any upcoming recapitulation of ‘no pressure.’ They can’t afford to piss off the MAGAs. They are truly hostages in this.”

2022，Amanda Sturgill，“National Security”, in We Are #ALTGOV: Social Media Resistance from the Inside，Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN，頁 146:

In this pop-culture milieu, political parties are like personality cults, and their leaders are symbolic of their group’s identity. So in addition to Janeites (fans of Jane Austen), Beliebers (Justin Bieber) and Swifties (Taylor Swift), we now have MAGAs (Donald Trump), Corbynistas (Jeremy Corbyn) and Boristas (Boris Johnson).

2023，Michael Bond，Fans: A Journey Into the Psychology of Belonging，Picador, →ISBN:

I am sure he reasoned that as an Independent all he would have accomplished would be the sure election of Hillary by splitting MAGAs and Republicans, as Teddy Roosevelt did when he tried to regain the Presidency.

2023，Jack B. Walters，“Who are MAGA- Republicans?”, in One Last Attempt (The Last Angry Man)，Trafford Publishing, →ISBN:

The adults were to blame, not just the crazy MAGAs but ordinary people who don’t know any better.

2023，James Oliver Goldsborough，章號 16, in The Devil’s Presence，City Point Press, →ISBN:


kaw

kaws (third-person singular present)
kawing (present participle)
kawed (past participle)

[…]difficult to separate Raven the demigod, from the sable, kawing, cunning bird so conspicuous all over northern Canada[…]

1968，Ernest Ingersoll，Birds in legend, fable, and folklore:


kaw

Over half of the crows anticipated the feeder, and peered in the window of the building from whence the crow feeder would emerge prior to a feeding session. A majority also called loudly with a short staccato sequence of 3–5 kaws at the start of the feeding session.

2013，Guenther Witzany，Biocommunication of Animals，頁 197:


mim

meem (阿拉伯文字母)的另一種寫法。

The esoteric identity and importance of the Perso-Arabic letter, mim, and its Bengali equivalent, ma, were stressed. The letter, when added to Ahad, made Ahmad and Muhammad as well.

2014，Asim Roy，The Islamic Syncretistic Tradition in Bengal，頁 124:


mib

可能訛變自 marble。

玻璃球，彈珠（尤指用作目标的）

On my first shot of the last game, I hit two mibs, my shooter and one marble exiting the ring, but leaving a snooger, which is a “commie rat” target marble near the rim of the ring.

2002，Norah L. Lewis，Freedom to Play: We Made Our Own Fun，頁 114:

Thirteen five-eighths-inch marbles (“mibs”) are set in a cross in the center. Each mib should be three inches from its neighboring mib. Each player shoots with a “shooter,” a marble that's one-half to three-quarter inches in diameter.

十三颗直径八分之五英寸的弹珠（即所谓的“mibs”）在中心十字交叉放置。每颗弹珠与相邻的弹珠之间应保持三英寸的距离。每位玩家使用一颗直径为二分之一到四分之三英寸的弹珠“射手”进行射击。

2002 May，Sean McCollum，“For All the Marbles”, in Boys' Life，頁 28:

He focused on the mib on the edge of the group inside the circle. The blue one was his favourite and he had it right where he wanted it.

2011，Sean Kelly，“At the Crossroads: A Teacher's Journey to Understanding Classroom Conflict”, in Pedagogy in a New Tonality，頁 36:


ack

字母 A，用於信号和其他类型的通信

They had to begin at the beginning: learning the Morse code, flag-wagging, a succession of acks, and practice on the buzzer.

1929，Frederic Manning，The Middle Parts of Fortune，Vintage, 出版於 2014，頁 173:


segregate

源自拉丁語 sēgregātus（sēgregō (“分開，分離”) 的完成時被動分詞），源自 sē- (“分開”) + gregō (“成群”)，源自 grex (“群”)。對照gregarious、aggregate。

segregates (third-person singular present)
segregating (present participle)
segregated (past participle)

/ˈsɛɡɹəˌɡeɪt/

分離，隔離（尤指通过直接或间接地隔离种族或民族的社会政策）

One aim of the reorganisation on both routes is to segregate completely the operation of the District and Tilbury Lines between London and Upminster, removing physical connections between the two.

1959 November，“L.T. and E.R. developments in East London”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 529:

Throw me in cuffs, no chance of parole / Back in the house, thirty days in the hole / Segregate me from the local population, your love is, uh, incarceration

2015，“Your Love is Incarceration”, in Clutch:


segregate

/ˈsɛɡɹəˌɡeɪt/

[…] to determine whether geographic segregates are discernible.

[…] the first three segregates are included in a superordinate category at a lower level than that of the segregate ultimately including hawk, horse, and crocodile.

1987，Stephen A. Tyler，Cognitive Anthropology: Readings，頁 49:


hmm

表示惊讶或茫然；尤其是当一个人被问到时，他做出的没有预料到的反应。

"You there! Where are you going?" "Hmm? Oh, I just need to get a drink."

“喂你！你要去哪儿？”“嗯？哦，我只是去喝两杯。”

"Could you pass me the paring knife?" "Hmm? What's a paring knife?"

“你能把削皮刀递给我吗？”“嗯？削皮刀是什么？”

Jeeves: Foreign travel often liberates emotions best kept in check, sir. The air of North America is notoriously stimulating in this regard, as witness the regrettable behavior of its inhabitants in 1776.
B. Wooster: Hmm? What happened in 1776, Jeeves?
Jeeves: I prefer not to dwell on it, if it's convenient to you, sir.

May 12 1991，“Kidnapped!”, in Jeeves and Wooster，季数 2, 集数 5:


thither

繼承自中古英語 thider，繼承自古英語 þider，為早期 þæder (“到那裡”) 的變化（可能類似於 hider (“往這裡”)），繼承自原始日耳曼語 *þadrê。

Behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and it is a little one: Oh, let me escape thither […]

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 19:20:

And there rises a shining palace whose crystal glittering roof is seen by mariners who traverse the extensive sea in barks built expressly for that purpose, and thither come all herds and fatlings and firstfruits of that land for O'Connell Fitzsimon takes toll of them, a chieftain descended from chieftains.

1922 February，James Joyce，Ulysses，Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:


mountainer

[…] in the Countrey of Attica there were as many factions as there were diuerse sorts of the territorie: for the Mountainers were Democraticall; those of the champion countrey, Oligarchical; and they that dwelt neer the sea, desired a middle kind of gouernement […]

1598，John Dee（譯者）, 亞里斯多德《政治學》，London: Adam Islip, Book 5, Chapter 3, p. 267:

He also sent Embassadors to the Mountainers of the Pyrenes, & to the Gaules, to obtaine a quiet passage:

1614，Walter Raleigh，The History of the World，London: Walter Burre, Part 1, Book 5, Chapter 3, p. 427:

Vossius […] makes the highest MOUNTAIN there not to exceed Ten Furlongs; Which, saith Vossius, it is scarce possible for any one to reach, unless he be a Mountainer born; any other will scarce be able to ascend above Six Furlongs perpendicular;

1693，Thomas Pope Blount，A Natural History，London: R. Bentley，頁 374:


sexuale

Incidentally, it may be stated that beside the sexuale mentioned above, no other sexuale of any aphid species had been known to occur in Bihar.

1976，The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society，頁 417:

Early mating individuals in a population producing sexuales late are more likely to mate with members of a population producing sexuales early and vice versa.

2012，A. F. G. Dixon，Aphid Ecology: An optimization approach，頁 56:


négligée

借自法語 négligée f (過去分詞、形容詞)，源自法語 négligé m (“衣着不得体；宽松的衣服”，過去分詞，形容詞、名詞), négliger (“忽略，忽視，疏忽”) 的過去分詞，源自拉丁語 negligere。

nightie

女式宽松睡袍/晨衣，尤指较短、带蕾丝和/或暴露者 （自19世紀）

十八世纪女性的轻便长袍 （18-19世紀）

[S]he had on a lilac Negligee, Gause Cuffs trimmed richly, with Flowers and spangles, spangled shoes, Bows of Gause and Flowers, and a Cap!

1777，Frances Burney，Journals & Letters，Penguin, 出版於 2001，頁 78: