Garden of Eden

仿譯自聖經希伯來語 גַּן עֵדֶן (gan ʿḗḏen)。

Therefore the Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken. So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life.

耶和華神便打發他出伊甸園去，耕種他所自出之土。於是把他趕出去了；又在伊甸園的東邊安設基路伯，和四面轉動發火焰的劍，要把守生命樹的道路。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 3:23–24:

Latter-day Saints know, through modern revelation, that the Garden of Eden was on the North American continent and that Adam and Eve began their conquest of the earth in the upper part of what is now the state of Missouri.

通过现代启示，后期圣徒知道伊甸园位于北美大陆，亚当和夏娃在现在的密苏里州北部开始征服地球。

1943，John A. Widtsoe，Evidences and Reconciliations: Aids to Faith in a Modern Day，Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, ch. 22，頁 127:

Up until two decades ago, the Garden of Eden was, we thought, in Eastern Ontario, where the McIntosh variety happened along. Probably Americans feel you had two Gardens of Eden, the first one being where the Red Delicious was discovered, and the second one, where the Golden Delicious was discovered. The Australians must have thought the Garden of Eden was somewhere in Australia, where the Granny Smith appeared. According to the Bible, however, there was only one Garden of Eden and probably the population explosion started there, but from that time onward, all control was lost of both apple production and population.

直到二十年前，我们还以为伊甸园位于安大略省东部，麦金托什品种就出现在那里。美国人可能觉得有两个伊甸园，第一个是红冠苹果的发现地，第二个是金冠苹果的发现地。澳大利亚人一定以为伊甸园位于澳大利亚的某个地方，格兰尼史密斯苹果出现在那里。然而，根据《圣经》，只有一个伊甸园，人口爆炸可能就是从那里开始的，但从那时起，苹果生产和人口就失去了控制。

1971，Western Fruit Grower，卷 25/26, Western Farm Publications:

“Were there many Gardens of Eden?” Surely! To read only of the biblical Adam and Eve is to grasp the story in this one way. In the hills they speak of the beginning as the time of the giants, another utopia. In eastern heathen lands, surely giants reigned in many Edens.

2001，George Szanto，The Condesa of M.，Cormorant Books Inc., →ISBN，頁 173:

For religious thinkers like William Warren and Landon West, the whole point of Eden was to unify mankind. To have two Gardens of Eden was worse than having none at all.

对于威廉·沃伦和兰登·韦斯特等宗教思想家来说，伊甸园的全部意义在于统一人类。拥有两个伊甸园比没有伊甸园更糟糕。

2011，Brook Wilensky-Lanford，“Practically Paradise”, in Paradise Lust: Searching for the Garden of Eden，Grove Press, →ISBN:


Garden of Eden

仿譯自聖經希伯來語 גַּן עֵדֶן (gan ʿḗḏen)。

自动机的初始配置，且无法从任何其他状态到达

In this paper the author presents some properties regarding the existence or non-existence of gardens of Eden for the cellular automata.

1986，Patrick Chenin, Claire Di Crescenzo, François Robert，Computers and Computing: Proceedings，頁 181:

I have gotten interested in Garden-of-Eden configurations in Life. All that I have been able to uncover thus far is that there are 2 know configurations:

1989年October20日，Rajeev Pandey，“hints and topics, anyone?”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

A configuration e not in the image of τ, namely e ∈ C \\ τ[C] is called a Garden of Eden (briefly GOE) configuration, this biblical terminology being motivated by the fact that GOE configurations only appear as initial configurations.

2004，Tullio Ceccherini-Silberstein with Francesca FiorenziandFabio Scarabotti, “The Garden of Eden Theorem for Cellular Automata and for Symbolic Dynamical Systems”, in Random Walks and Geometry: Proceedings of a Workshop at the Erwin Schrödinger Institute, Vienna, June 18 - July 13, 2001，Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, →OL:


liquesce

liquesces (third-person singular present)
liquescing (present participle)
liquesced (past participle)

At many points notes liquesce like the liquid letters, so that the interval from one note to another is begun with a smooth glide and does not appear to have a stopping place en route.

2009，Iain Fenlon，Early Music History: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Music:


combust

繼承自中古英語 combust (“被燃燒”)，源自古法語 combust，源自拉丁語 combustus，拉丁語 combūrere (“燒掉，燒毀”) 的完成被動分詞。

combusts (third-person singular present)
combusting (present participle)
combusted (past participle)

Brom swore after that he spoke only the truth, the truth that as he sat by my side praying for my soul, my body had combusted into flame, the fire rapidly engulfing my entire being.

The audience combusts.

2012，Oliver Burkeman，The Antidote, Happiness for People who Can't Stand Positive Thinking, →ISBN:


combust

more combust (comparative)
most combust (superlative)

与太阳紧密相连，有时指定在8度30分以内

Guianerius had a patient could make Latin verses when the moon was combust, otherwise illiterate.

1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
, I.iii.1.3:

Who can discern those planets that are oft Combust, and those stars of brightest magnitude that rise and set with the Sun, untill the opposite motion of their orbs bring them to such a place in the firmament, where they may be seen evning or morning.


comburent

[…] the passage for comburent fluid, the opposite sides of the other diaphragm being exposed to the pressure of the combustible fluid on opposite sides of said resistance. 3. Apparatus for maintaining the proportional delivery of combustible fluid and comburent fluid supplied through separate passages to a gas-fired furnace, […]

1919，The Canadian Patent Office Record and Register of Copyrights and Trade Marks:


Cush

kush (“大麻”)的另一種寫法

He loved smoking joints and couldn't handle blunts. […] I also had him backstage smoking Cush with Jeezy and Will.

他喜欢抽大麻烟，抽不来雪茄。 […] 我还让他在后台和 Jeezy 和 Will 一起抽大麻。

2013，Chauncey "Chino Dolla" Stevens, Antoine "Don Twan" Robinson，A Hustler's Dream I: Grinding in Atlanta's Hip Hop Underworld，MasterMind Publishing, Inc., →ISBN，頁 239:

I couldn't work with my hands anymore. To make money I started selling Cush, which was considered to be fake weed. It stopped the pain in my hands. I was addicted to the fake crap. I was smoking more ...

我再也无法用手工作了。为了赚钱，我开始卖印度大麻，人都认它是假大麻。它缓解了我手上的疼痛。我对假大麻上瘾了。我抽的烟越来越多……

2020，Samuel Van Ness IV，A Stranger Within (HC)，Dorrance Publishing, →ISBN，頁 289:

It was June of 2015; we were just smoking Cush with my friends as usual when suddenly something hit me hard on the right ... I thought it was nothings serious, I got up and tried to smoke a gain, but this time it switches up my chest ...

那是2015年6月；我们正像往常一样和朋友们一起抽大麻，突然好像有什么东西重重地击中了我的右侧……我以为没什么大不了的，我站起来并试图抽一根烟，但这一次它却转向了我的胸部……

2021，Okuon Cham，From Hell to Haven; Darkness to Light; Negativity to Positivity; and from Cradle to Salvation, Life Journey，Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN:


Kush

來自這種大麻原產地 Hindu Kush 的縮略。

kush的大小寫替代形式

Kush is a pure indica and is a short, compact plant. A two-time winner of the international Cannabis Cup, Kush is very popular among indica growers.

Kush 是纯印度大麻，植株矮小紧凑。Kush 曾两次获得国际大麻杯冠军，在印度大麻种植者中非常受欢迎。

2010，Alicia Williamson，Grow Marijuana Now!: An Introductory, Step-by-Step Guide to Growing Cannabis [现在就开始种大麻！：大麻种植入门分步指南]，頁 95:

This particular type of marijuana is a favorite of the rapper as well as many other weed aficionados. Known for its sweet smell, Kush also packs quite the punch with a high level of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

这种大麻是说唱歌手和许多其他大麻爱好者的最爱。Kush 以其甜味而闻名，还含有大量四氢大麻酚 (THC)，冲劲很足。

2009，I. M. Stoned，Weed: 420 Things You Didn't Know (or Remember) about Cannabis [大麻：你不知道（或不记得）的 420 件事]，頁 3:


concomitate

concomitates (third-person singular present)
concomitating (present participle)
concomitated (past participle)

[…] spouting part of the briny Ocean in wantonnesse out of their oylie pipes bored by nature atop their prodigious ſhoulders, like ſo many floating Ilands concomitating us.

1638，Sir Thomas Herbert，Some years travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique:


Cain

源自希伯來語 קַיִן (Káyin，“工匠”)，古英語時期已有此詞。

According to the Book of Jubilees Cain got married to his sister Awan.

根据《禧年书》，该隐与他的妹妹阿万结婚。

And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to paſſe when they were in the field, that Cain roſe vp againſt Abel his brother, and ſlew him.

該隱與他兄弟亞伯說話，二人正在田間，該隱起來打他兄弟亞伯，把他殺了。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 4:8，列 2:


land of Nod

原指挪得之地，《創世記》4:16 中提到，該隱謀害其弟亞伯而被上帝放逐後到達的區域。nod 在英語有“點頭、打盹”的意思。這個文字遊戲最早由 喬納森·斯威夫特使用。對照 nod off。

From breakfast on through all the day / At home among my friends I stay; / But every night I go abroad / Afar into the land of Nod.

从早餐开始一整天 / 我都待在家里，和朋友们在一起； / 但每天晚上我都要出国 / 去远方的梦乡。

1885，Robert Louis Stevenson，“The Land of Nod [夢鄉]”, in A Child's Garden of Verses [兒童詩園]:

[…] but she was too tired for anything under heaven to disturb her, and after a moment of wakeful dreaming she was in the land of Nod!

[…] 但是她实在是太累了，天底下没有任何东西可以打扰她，经过片刻的清醒梦后，她就到了梦乡！

1892，Wenona Gilman [pseudonym; Florence Blackburn White Schoeffel]，章號 XXX, in Leonie, The Typewriter，New York: Norman L. Munro:


Enoch

借自晚期拉丁語 Enoch，源自古希臘語 Ἑνώχ (Henṓkh)，源自希伯來語 חֲנוֹךְ (Ḥănôḵ)。

以諾，亞當第三個兒子塞特的子孫，雅列之子，瑪土撒拉的父親，挪亞的曾祖父

Enoch was the son of Jared, and was Noah’s great grandfather.

以諾是雅列的兒子，挪亞的曾祖父。

And Enoch walked with God: and he was not; for God took him.

以諾與神同行，神將他取去，他就不在世了。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 5:24:

以諾，該隱及阿萬的兒子，亞當和夏娃的孫子

And Cain knew his wife; and she conceived, and bare Enoch: and he builded a city, and called the name of the city, after the name of his son, Enoch.

該隱與妻子同房，他妻子就懷孕，生了以諾，該隱建造了一座城，就按著他兒子的名將那城叫作以諾。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 4:17:


demigrate

源自拉丁語 dēmīgrō。

demigrates (third-person singular present)
demigrating (present participle)
demigrated (past participle)

/ˈdɛmɪɡɹeɪt/

I demigrate into one of these so well architected minsters

1653，W. Heath Robinson，The Works of Mr. Francis Rabelais:


demigrate

取消（如電腦系統的）遷移

The reason is that it is more cost effective to debug and troubleshoot the new environment than to demigrate and lose all the data transactions completed under the new technology.

2002，Charles V. Breakfield, Roxanne E. Burkey，Managing Systems Migrations and Upgrades，頁 196:


Irad

源自希伯來語 עירד。

以拿，以諾的兒子，該隱的孫子

And unto Enoch was born Irad: and Irad begat Mehujael: and Mehujael begat Methusael: and Methusael begat Lamech.

以諾生以拿，以拿生米戶雅利，米戶雅利生瑪土撒利，瑪土撒利生拉麥。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 4:18:


Mehujael

源自希伯來語 מחויאל。

以諾生以拿，以拿生米戶雅利，米戶雅利生瑪土撒利，瑪土撒利生拉麥。


Methusael

源自希伯來語 מתושאל。

瑪土撒利，該隱的玄孫，拉麥的父親

And to Enoch was born Irad: and Irad begat Mehujael: and Mehujael begat Methusael: and Methusael begat Lamech.

以諾生以拿，以拿生米戶雅利，米戶雅利生瑪土撒利，瑪土撒利生拉麥。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 3:18:


Jared

源自拉丁語 Iared，源自古希臘語 Ἰαρέδ (Iaréd)，源自聖經希伯來語 יֶרֶד (yéred)。一般解釋為派生自詞根 י־ר־ד (y-r-d)，與下降有關（參見 Jordan 和 ירדן）；有的說法將《以諾書》解讀為，雅列之所以如此命名，是因为在他的时代，有两百名天使从天上降临到黑门山。也有說法認為派生自詞根 ר־ד־ה (r-d-)，與統治有關。

雅列，亞當的後裔，以諾的父親，挪亞的祖先

And Jared lived after he begat Enoch eight hundred years, and begat sons and daughters:

雅列生以諾之後，又活了八百年；並且生兒養女。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 5:19:


interminate

interminates (third-person singular present)
interminating (present participle)
interminated (past participle)

doleful accents of interminated judgments

a. 1656，Bishop Joseph Hall，The Mourner in Sion:


Mekong

大約19世紀，源自泰語 แม่โขง (mɛ̂ɛ-kǒong，字面意思是“母親河”)，縮約自แม่น้ำโขง (mɛ̂ɛ-náam-kǒong)。

湄公河（河名，位於東南亞）

In the isolated villages, some of which are only accessible by boat, most Laotians live off the land. There are huge rice paddies on the fertile banks on the Mekong; rice is the Laotians’ main staple, eaten three times a day here.

在偏远的村庄里，大多数老挝人靠土地生活，其中一些村庄只能乘船到达。湄公河肥沃的河岸上长满了大片稻田；大米是老挝人一日三餐的主要主食。

2023年September1日，“On the Mekong Through Laos [在穿越老挝的湄公河上]”, in Deutsche Welle，存檔自the original on 2023-09-02, Nature and Environment [自然與環境]:


political correctness

The notion of political correctness has ignited controversy across the land. And although the movement arises from the laudable desire to sweep away the debris of racism and sexism and hatred, it replaces old prejudice with new ones.

政治正确这一概念在全国引发了争议。尽管这场运动的初衷是希望扫除种族主义、性别歧视和仇恨，但它却用新的偏见取代了旧的偏见。

1991年May4日，George H. W. Bush，“President George H.W. Bush's commencement address at the University of Michigan [乔治·H·W·布什总统在密歇根大学毕业典礼上的演讲]”, in The Michigan Daily:

I mean, people who talk about political correctness as being a kind of thought police have no idea of what a thought police is. But political correctness does have the same mentality. It means that intellectual argument is doomed. Objective truth simply becomes a thing to jeer at, because obviously there's no such thing as objectivity—unless of course you're politically okay, in which case you can be objective. Any child can see through that, but many adults can't.

我的意思是，那些说政治正确是思想警察的人根本不知道什么是思想警察。但政治正确确实有同样的心态。这意味着知识上的论证注定要失败。客观真理只是被嘲笑的东西，因为显然没有客观性这回事——除非你政治上没问题，这样你就可以客观了。任何孩子都能看穿这一点，但许多成年人却看不透。

2002 October，Christopher Hitchens，“The Power of Facing [面对的力量]”, in The Atlantic:

Political correctness cripples discourse, creates ugly language and is generally stupid.

政治正确会削弱言论、产生丑陋的语言，而且总体来说是愚蠢的。

2004，George Carlin，When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops?，New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 72:


wumpus

基於早期以文字為基礎的電腦遊戲《Hunt the Wumpus》（1973）。

In addition to the Wumpus, other dangers are lurking: namely deadly pits, and bats that grab the player and drop her in a random cave.

1987，Etienne Wenger，Artificial Intelligence and Tutoring Systems:

A scream occurs when the agent shoots an arrow that kills the wumpus.

2003，Selmer Bringsjord, Michael John Zenzen，Superminds: People Harness Hypercomputation, and More:

In Hunter, towards the end of the game, the player is tracking the wounded wumpus and finds herself in a room of interconnected caves.

2008，Andreas Jahn-Sudmann, Ralf Stockmann，Computer Games as a Sociocultural Phenomenon:


alliteration

借自新拉丁語 allīterātiō，來自allīterātus，來自allīterō，來自拉丁語 ad (“到，朝向，靠近”)和lītera (“字母”)。

/əˌlɪtəˈɹeɪʃən/

[əˌlɪɾəˈɹeɪʃən]

同類詞：assonance

So fish fury all round, as there has been in the past. And as an aside, that alliteration was, sadly, not mine that of a former political correspondent of the Daily Record, John Deans, and applied to the 'cod wars' with Iceland.

2018年March20日，“Fish fury flares over Brussels Brexit deal”, in ITV:


emunge

借自拉丁語 ēmungō。

emunges (third-person singular present)
emunging (present participle)
emunged (past participle)

擦；弄乾淨（尤其指鼻子）

The moment of inspiration commences — the speaker emunges his nose with all his might - a doleful voice, scarcely audible, something like the melancholy moan of the midnight breeze, which so few have heard, informs you might have supposed destitute of the organs of speech, possesses in some respect the faculties of speaking.

1949，J. D. H. Widdess，An Account of the Schools of Surgery:


stroke of luck

意外的運氣，通常是指好運

What makes this accident so significant is that Hunt's southbound goods train was loaded with ammunition bound for the First World War battle zone. The major stroke of luck was that the 39 trucks loaded with ammunition did not explode as a result of the collision, and that there was no fire from cinders from either engine or from the stoves in the brake vans.

这次事故之所以意义重大，是因为亨特的南行货运列车装载着运往第一次世界大战战场的弹药。幸运的是，39 辆满载弹药的卡车在碰撞中没有爆炸，发动机和制动车厢的炉子产生的余烬也没有起火。

2022年August24日，Bruce Healey，“Wartime tunnel crash: a miraculous escape”, in RAIL，期 964，頁 52:


strike while the iron is hot

strikes while the iron is hot (third-person singular present)
striking while the iron is hot (present participle)
struck while the iron is hot (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-strike while the iron is hot.ogg

用命令式表達時，這個詞有個廣為人知的說法或者諺語：Strike while the iron is hot!
要趁熱打鐵！

趁熱打鐵：抓緊條件有利時行動

We should strike while the iron is hot and order some immediately, before they change the offer.

我们应该趁热打铁，立即订购一些，以免他们改变报价。

The Gap thus stopp'd, with her Army she marcheth to the Cage that kept those Birds, whose Wings she would be clipping. She knew if she struck not while the Iron was hot, the heat of a popular Faction would quickly sink and lessen.

c. 1620s，Elizabeth Cary [misattributed to Henry Cary]，The History Of the most unfortunate Prince King Edward II. […] ，London: A.G. and F. P., 出版於 1680，頁 41:


make hay while the sun shines

潮湿的天气会破坏干草的收成。农民必须抓住干燥的天气机会进行干草收割（割草、晾干、收集）。特别是在中世纪，提前几天预报天气笔现在更加困难，因此这一点尤为重要。这个短语最早的记录在1546年，原是都铎式表达，最早的比喻使用出现在1673年。

makes hay while the sun shines (third-person singular present)
making hay while the sun shines (present participle)
made hay while the sun shone (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-make hay while the sun shines.ogg

這個短語的命令式可用作諺語。

趁熱打鐵；抓緊有利情況採取行動

Until the mid-2010s, the ROSCOs 'made hay while the sun shone', taking advantage of growing passenger demand and expanding services to find homes for their rolling assets - in some cases, well beyond their expected design lives.

2023年June28日，Ben Jones，“Are we getting rid of our (still useful) rolling stock too early?”, in RAIL，期 986，頁 28:


make hay

makes hay (third-person singular present)
making hay (present participle)
made hay (past participle)

I suggested that this was a mistake, particularly at a time of national crisis on the railways, because it opened the way for critics of the railway to make hay - which Institute of Economic Affairs Director Richard Wellings duly did in an anti-rail article in the Daily Telegraph.

我认为这是个错误，特别是在国家铁路面临危机的时候，因为这为铁路批评者大肆批评打开了大门——经济事务学会会长理查德·威林斯在《每日电讯报》发表的一篇反铁路文章中就是这样做的。

2021年January27日，Christian Wolmar，“Little-used stations”, in RAIL, issue 923，頁 46:


nosepicker

But as I got older and saw more of the world, I soon discovered that nosepickers weren't all that uncommon; and, in fact, were a lot more common than I could've ever imagined.

但随着我长大，见识了更多的世界，我很快发现挖鼻孔的人并不罕见；事实上，他们比我想象的要常见得多。


give birth

gives birth (third-person singular present)
giving birth (present participle)
gave birth (past)
given birth (past participle)

She gave birth to a beautiful baby girl.

The case of a woman named Qu Hua from Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang, illustrates this possibility. She married a worker named Xu Baocheng in 1980, and they got along very well until she gave birth to a girl. Then Xu immediately began to beat Qu, and forced her and the baby to live in a small shack.

黑龙江齐齐哈尔市屈华女士的案例就说明了这种可能性。1980年，屈华与一名名叫徐宝成的工人结婚，两人相处得很好，直到屈华生下一个女儿。徐宝成很快便开始殴打屈华，并强迫她和孩子住在一间小棚屋里。

1988，Emily Honig, Gail Hershatter，“Divorce”, in Personal Voices: Chinese Women in the 1980's [个人之声：八十年代的中国女性]，Stanford, Cali.: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 219:

The rest of the Orville's crew underwent changes as well. Bortus' beliefs were challenged when he gave birth to a daughter - on Moclan society, males are the dominant species and females must undergo a mandatory sex change.

奥维尔号的其他船员也经历了变化。柏图斯的信仰在生下一个女儿后受到了挑战——在莫克兰人的社会，男性是主导物种，女性必须接受强制性变性。

2022年June1日，Collier Jennings，“'The Orville': Everything You Need to Know Before Season 3 [《奥维尔号》：第三季前你需要知道的一切]”, in The Collider:


give a shit

gives a shit (third-person singular present)
giving a shit (present participle)
gave a shit (past)
given a shit (past participle)

/ˈɡɪv ə ˌʃɪt/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-give a shit.wav

主要用于否定或疑问语境中，如“你认为我在乎吗？”；換句話說，這個詞通常是“否定有极项”（negative polarity item）。

用来表达对他人的态度或行为的漠不关心或无视。

在乎，在意，理會（尤指別人的想法或行為，尤其是他们对说话者的看法或说法）

You're going to get me fired? I don't give a shit!

你要让我被解雇？我才不在乎呢！

"Do it badly," said the man, "who cares? Who gives a shit?"

“不必苛求，”男人說道，“又有誰會在乎呢？根本不會有人當回事兒。”

1982，Douglas Adams，Life, the Universe and Everything，頁 114:

There are some people who still hitchhike, although not as many as before. A lot of folks gave the practice up after being buried in shallow graves near the side of the road. But here's some fun you can have in case you still like to get out and hoist a thumb.[...]Or, when the guy stops, don't say anything; just jump in and sit down. When he says, "Where you going?" say, "I don't give a shit. Let's just ride around. I'm off till Thursday." Then make a lot of motor noises with your mouth.

1997，George Carlin，“Hitchhiking Fun”, in Brain Droppings，New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 222:


throw away

throws away (third-person singular present)
throwing away (present participle)
threw away (past)
thrown away (past participle)

Voting for a third-party candidate sometimes feels like throwing your vote away.

投票给第三方候选人有时感觉就像是把选票扔掉一样。

The team threw away its chance at the semifinals.

该队浪费了进入半决赛的机会。

Mama, life has just begun. / But now I've gone and thrown it all away.
妈妈，生活才刚刚开始。/但现在我却把一切都挥霍掉了。

1975, Freddie Mercury, “Bohemian Rhapsody” (song), in Queen (band), A Night at the Opera (album):

Chelsea threw away two points when substitute Salomon Kalou gifted Valencia a penalty five minutes from time with a needless handball.

比赛还剩五分钟时，替补出场的萨洛蒙·卡卢手球犯规，送给瓦伦西亚一个点球，切尔西因此浪费掉了两分。

2011年September28日，Jon Smith，“Valencia 1 - 1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport:

As Gilly plays sitcom wife, reading aloud from a book while Sam tries to read his own across the table, she throws away a line about someone named Maynard once having annulled the marriage of someone named Prince Raggar and remarrying him in the same ceremony in Dorne.

2017年August13日，Brandon Nowalk，“Oldtown offers one last game-changing secret as Game Of Thrones goes behind enemy lines (newbies)”, in The Onion AV Club:


throwing

[…] it looked like a house where they played charades, where there would be long streamers of evergreen and dozens of wreaths of holly at Christmas-time, where there were tearful, happy weddings and great throwings of rice after little brides […]

1909，Booth Tarkington，Beasley's Christmas Party:


rack one's brain

由 rack (“肢刑架”) 和 brain (“腦”) 組成，意思上可視作“使精神极度不适”
異體包括 rack one's wit (1583)、rack one's memory 和 cudgel one's brain / cudgel one's brains。

racks one's brain (third-person singular present)
racking one's brain (present participle)
racked one's brain (past participle)

絞盡腦汁；努力去想或記住某事

I have been racking my brain all day trying to think of a birthday present for her.

我整天都在绞尽脑汁想给她送什么生日礼物。

Let’s face it – math isn’t for everyone. If you’re done racking your brains over a question based on quadratic equations, differential calculus, or even lengthy word problems, and can’t for the life of you figure out what’s what, then perhaps it’s time you let ChatGPT take up the role of a home tutor.

让我们面对现实吧——数学并不适合每个人。如果你已经受够了为一道基于二次方程、微积分甚至冗长的应用题而绞尽脑汁，却怎么也搞不清楚到底是什么，那么也许是时候让ChatGPT来担任你的家庭教师了。

2023年January19日，Zohaib Ahmed，“Here’s how ChatGPT can help you deal with boring tasks so you can focus on things that matter [ChatGPT如何帮助你处理无聊的任务，让你可以专注于重要的事情]”, in The Indian Express:


strepent

源自拉丁語 strepent，源自 strepere (“發出噪聲”)；對比 obstreperous。

more strepent (comparative)
most strepent (superlative)

Peace to the ſtrepent horn ! / Let no harſh diſſonance diſturb the morn, / No ſounds inelegant and rude / Her ſacred ſolitudes profane !

1750，William Shenstone，“Rural Elegance: An Ode to the Late Ducheſs of Somerset”, in A Collection of Poems，出版於 1758，頁 13:

But since Reaumer could never witness this, I shall not insist upon your believing it, though the relater declares that he had heard it with his ears, and seen it with his eyes, and had called many to witness the vibrating and strepent wings of this trumpeter bumble-bee.

1817，William Kirby, William Spence，An Introduction to Entomology: or, Elements of the Natural History of Insects，頁 384:


sonofabitch

sonofabitches (plural)
sonsofbitches (plural)
sonsabitches (plural)

The attacking arm held up the forearm of his starboard manipulator and waved it around in victory in front of the ceramic dome. In front of Chad. "I'm not done yet, you sonofabitch," Chad reached down, flipped two protective covers, and jettisoned both forward arms.

2006，Robert Wernli，Sunrise Cartel，頁 116:


recode

recodes (third-person singular present)
recoding (present participle)
recoded (past participle)

重新編碼 重新編程；重構代碼

The program below, taken from Example 8.7, is recoded with several errors that are flaggable by the assembler.

1963，Philip M. Sherman，Programming and coding the IBM 709-7090-7094 computers，頁 126:


recule

recules (third-person singular present)
reculing (present participle)
reculed (past participle)

The Flemmynges began to be abasshed and to be discomfyted, and began to recule backe, and to fall one upon another.

1525，Jean Froissart，譯者 Sir John Bourchier, The Chronicle of Froissart - Volume 3，頁 374:

Then being in Auguste, he came and campid his hole hooste in an ylande in the water of Barrowe, and dayly wolde come into the bordures of thErle of Ossories cuntrey, and sawe moche people dayly in ordre of battaile, and then would recule to their campe.

1546，Great Britain. Record Commission，State Papers: pt. III. Correspondence between the governments of England and Ireland, 1515-1546，頁 250:

And forced them, however strong and stout
They were, as well approv'd in many a doubt,
Backe to recule

1596，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book V, Canto XI”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


recolor

She elaborates further: "It has given me great satisfaction and fulfillment that people like my recolors. These feelings make my days less lonely and boring, even if it is only from a recolor of an object in a computer simulation game. […]

2010，J. Gee, Elisabeth R. Hayes，Women and Gaming: The Sims and 21st Century Learning，頁 88:


reculture

recultures (third-person singular present)
reculturing (present participle)
recultured (past participle)

The colonies in each well were pooled and recultured for characterization and storage.

将每个孔中的菌落汇集并重新培养以进行表征和储存。

2015年August29日，“Generation of SNCA Cell Models Using Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN) Technology for Efficient High-Throughput Drug Screening”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


gregorian

Also, the play now opens and closes with a chant (definitely not gregorian, as that may have required some research) of Kyrie Eleison four times, not three, which is just enough to confound any Catholic in the audience and make Brecht roll over in his grave and puke.

1988年April8日，Tom Boeker，“The Duchess of Malfi”, in Chicago Reader:


contextualize

contextualizes (third-person singular present)
contextualizing (present participle)
contextualized (past participle)

Despite personal schisms and differences in spiritual experience, there is a very coherent theology of Snape shared between the wives. To examine this manifestation of religious fandom, I will first discuss the canon scepticism and anti-Rowling sentiment that helps to contextualise the wider belief in Snape as a character who extends beyond book and film.

2014年March3日，Zoe Alderton，“‘Snapewives’ and ‘Snapeism’: A Fiction-Based Religion within the Harry Potter Fandom”, in Religions，卷 5, 期 1, MDPI, →DOI，頁s 219–257:


'ad

“’Ere y'are, the best rig-out you ever ’ad. A tosheroon [half a crown]^([sic]) for the coat, two ’ogs for the trousers, one and a tanner for the boots, and a ’og for the cap and scarf. That's seven bob.”

1933年January9日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，章號 29, in Down and Out in Paris and London，London: Victor Gollancz […], →OCLC，頁s 214–215:


redescribe

redescribes (third-person singular present)
redescribing (present participle)
redescribed (past participle)

To fail to narrativize one's own life, to fail to redescribe oneself, Rorty suggests, is to fail to be fully human.

罗蒂认为，如果一个人不能叙述自己的生活、不能重新描述自己，那么他就不能成为一个完整的人。

2012，Richard A. Gilmore，Doing Philosophy at the Movies，頁 9:


commender

The Germans and the French became reformers; but the Anglo-Saxons were the first translators and commenders of the Bible, and of universal Bible reading.

1850，William Kimbrough Pendleton，The Millennial Harbinger, Volume 7:


essent

1959年拉爾夫·曼海姆翻譯馬丁·海德格著作 Einführung in die Metaphysik 時所造，模仿德語 Seiendes（與 Sein 區分），基於 essens，即仿拉丁語 sum 的現在分詞。

Why are there essents rather than nothing? That is the question. Clearly it is no ordinary question. “Why are there essents, why is there anything at all, rather than nothing?”—obviously this is the first of all questions, though not in a chronological sense.

1959，Martin Heidegger，譯者 Ralph Manheim, An Introduction to Metaphysics，頁 1:

As against this, the non-conceptual creative word, instead of enabling us to grasp and lay hold of what is already there before us, instead of serving merely as a means to describing what is present, calls into being. It is evocative of Being; it invokes that presence (Anwesenheit), i.e., Being, within which (in the light of which) anything can appear before us as an essent.

1992，Jarava Lal Mehta，J.L. Mehta on Heidegger, Hermeneutics and Indian Tradition，頁 51:

The essent can be things at our disposal; things at hand such as tools, or vehicles. The land, the sea, the mountains, rivers, woods are also essents. Trees, birds, insects, grasses and stones are essents.

2007，Marko Zlomislić，Jacques Derrida’s Aporetic Ethics，頁 116:


free trade

Hidden behind thickets of acronyms and gorse bushes of detail, a new great game is under way across the globe.[…]The current power play consists of an extraordinary range of countries simultaneously sitting down to negotiate big free trade and investment agreements.

2013年July19日，Timothy Garton Ash，“Where Dr Pangloss meets Machiavelli”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 6，頁 18:


expando

運行時新增至物件／對象的屬性

Because JavaScript objects are not constrained to predefined interfaces as they are with .NET objects, you can set expando properties on any object.

2009，Ted Pattison, Daniel Larson，Inside Microsoft Windows Sharepoint Services 3.0:

I talk more about expandos in Chapter 10. This means that you can arbitrarily add new properties to an object whenever you want.

2010，Alexei White，JavaScript Programmer's Reference:


reformado

源自西班牙語 reformar，源自拉丁語 refōrmāre。

reformados (plural)
reformadoes (plural)

This was one of Celestin the pope's caveats for his new reformadoes

1631，John Weever，Ancient Funerall Monuments:

被剥夺指挥权但保留军衔（有时还有薪水）的军官

Turn all the Reformado's out of the Line: Withdraw all their Guards from the Houses

1648，Clement Walker，The History of Independency:


redargue

源自晚期中古英語 redarguen、redargue (“駁倒；斥責，責備”)，源自中古法語 redarguer 及古法語 redargüer (“反驳，驳斥；指责，责备；斥责”)（對應現代法語 rédarguer），源自拉丁語 redarguere (“反驳，驳斥”)（對比晚期拉丁語 redarguere (“斥责，责备”)），redarguō (“反驳，驳斥”) 的現在主動不定式，源自 red-（re- (“再次”) 的異體）+ arguō (“断言，宣布；澄清，说明；证明，展示；指责，控告；谴责，斥责，责备”)（可能最終源自原始印歐語 *h₂erǵ- (“银色，白色；闪闪发光的”)，意为照亮某物以使其清晰）。argue 的同源對似詞。
同源詞
* 加泰羅尼亞語 redargüir
* 意大利語 redarguire
* 古奧克語 redarguir
* 葡萄牙語 redargüir
* 西班牙語 redargüir

redargues (third-person singular present)
redarguing (present participle)
redargued (past participle)

/ɹɪˈdɑːɡjuː/

counterargue

反駁，駁斥（某人或論點、主張）

反駁，駁斥（某人或論點、主張）

[T]he objections you mention, I humbly conceive, are ſuch as may be redargued, if not entirely removed— […]

1771，[Tobias Smollett]，“To Mr. Henry Davis, Bookseller, in London”, in The Expedition of Humphry Clinker […]，卷 I, Dublin: […] A. Leathley, […], →OCLC，頁s v–vi:


kind of

來自對短語中 kind of 的重分析，如 a kind of merry dance 本來是“a kind + of + merry dance”，被重新分析作“a + kind-of merry + dance”。

I'm getting kind of tired. Could we finish tomorrow?

我有點兒累了。咱們能在明天完成嗎？

That's the right answer, kind of.

某種程度上，那確實是正確答案。

He kind of hated the idea of Hugo having been with someone else, even though that was superhypocritical, considering Brand's own previous arrangements with Ramie and Jackson.

2022，A. M. Arthur，His Fresh Start Cowboy:


reimagine

reimagines (third-person singular present)
reimagining (present participle)
reimagined (past participle)

The classic TV series is completely reimagined in the new version.

这部经典电视剧在新版本中被彻底重新构思。

Byford added: "In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, all transport authorities around the world will need to reimagine how their services and projects contribute to the safe and sustainable restart of the social and economic lives of the cities they serve."

拜福德补充道：“在新冠肺炎疫情爆发后，全球所有交通管理部门都需要重新设想他们的服务和项目如何为其服务的城市安全、可持续地重启社会和经济生活做出贡献。”

2020年June17日，“Byford appointed to top London transport post”, in Rail，頁 16:


rehabilitant

被改造、修復者；康復者，恢復者

The rehabilitator and the rehabilitant assess each other.

康复师与接受康复治疗者互相评估。

1973，James F. Garrett, Edna Simon Levine，Rehabilitation Practices with the Physically Disabled，頁 20:

This does happen for some; for example, peer counseling experience gained as an advanced rehabilitant working with more recently admitted clients/patients has been a stepping stone toward professional training for a number of people.

2003，Carolyn L. Vash, Nancy M. Crewe，Psychology of Disability, →ISBN，頁 256:

Considering rehabilitant variants that are modifications of provisional wild innovations, geographic prevalence was wider in wild orangutans for 7 entries, roughly equal for 16 entries, and wider in rehabilitants for 20 entries.

2010，Serge A. Wich, S Suci Utami Atmoko, Tatang Mitra Setia，Orangutans: Geographic Variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation, →ISBN:

Rijksen (1978) observed a rehabilitant aggressively Jabbing with a long stick at a caged clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa).

2011，Robert W. Shumaker, Kristina R. Walkup, Benjamin B. Beck，Animal Tool Behavior: The Use and Manufacture of Tools by Animals, →ISBN:


rehabilitant

more rehabilitant (comparative)
most rehabilitant (superlative)

康復的；恢復的；被改造的

There are no differences, on any of the twenty factors studied, between the rehabilitant and non-rehabilitant groups.

在所研究的二十个因素中，康复组和非康复组之间没有差异。

1961，Dissertation Abstracts - Volume 21, Issue 4，頁 2980:

However, some evidence exists on spatial memory in both wild and captive apes and on delayed imitation in rehabilitant apes.

2007，Joanna Blake，Routes to Child Language: Evolutionary and Developmental Precursors, →ISBN:

Recently sensory involvement in relation to pain has been studied asserting the clinical observation of pain ranging from mild to severe in the acute and rehabilitant phases.

2011，Doug Elliott, Leanne Aitken, Wendy Chaboyer，ACCCN's Critical Care Nursing, →ISBN，頁 468:


GOP

Grand Old Party (“大老党”)之首字母縮略詞，共和黨的暱稱。

On their behalf, Reagan insisted (over the objections of the Ford forces) that the GOP platform declare that henceforth “the goal of Republican foreign policy is the achievement of liberty under law and a just and lasting peace in the world.”

里根代表他们，（不顾福特势力的反对）坚持要求共和党纲领宣布今后“共和党外交政策的目标是实现法治下的自由以及世界公正持久的和平”。

2005，Jesse Helms，“Ronald Reagan, 1976”, in Here's Where I Stand: A Memoir，New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 103:


insertor

At the time when I observed him in an act of fellatio, he played the insertor role.

当我观察他进行口交行为时，他扮演的是插入者的角色。

2017，Laud Humphreys，Tearoom Trade: Impersonal Sex in Public Places:


reinscribe

reinscribes (third-person singular present)
reinscribing (present participle)
reinscribed (past participle)

在新的背景或表现形式中重现某个观点，通常以强化该观点或扩大其影响力的方式

This ambivalent anality both parodied national and gendered fantasies of “hardness” at the same time that it drew on dynamics of racial and queer mimesis to reinscribe hegemonic (white/ straight) masculinity.

2022，Marisol Cortez，“Ambivalent Anality: Revisiting the Queer Ecology of "the Jackass Moment"”, in Media+Environment:


détente

非同化借詞，源自法語 détente (“放鬆”)。

緩和（尤指兩國之間的關係）

Analogous structural and political constraints stood in the way of a lasting détente between Germany and Britain.

类似的结构性和政治性限制阻碍了德国和英国之间持久的缓和。

2012，Christopher Clark，The Sleepwalkers [夢遊者們]，Penguin, 出版於 2013，頁 318:

No step the United States could take anywhere in the world would bring strategic benefits as great as detente with Iran.

美国在世界任何地方采取任何举措，都无法像缓和与伊朗的关系那样带来巨大的战略利益。

2014年January14日，Stephen Kinzer，“Invading Iraq was dumb enough. Now Congress wants to derail the Iran deal [入侵伊拉克已经够愚蠢了。现在国会想破坏伊朗协议]”, in The Guardian:


structural

more structural (comparative)
most structural (superlative)

Class 1. consists of nervous diseases, such as depend on the nervous and muscular systems; the second, of sanguine diseases, such as depend on the sanguiferous system; the third, of secretory diseases, or such as are connected with the state of the secretions; and the fourth, of structural diseases, or those that are connected with the nutritive powers.

第一类是神经系统疾病，例如依赖于神经和肌肉系统的疾病；第二类是血液系统疾病，例如依赖于血液系统；第三类是分泌性疾病，或与分泌状态有关的疾病；第四类是结构性疾病，或与营养能力有关的疾病。

1814，Thomas Young，“An Introduction to Medical Literature, including a System of practical Nosology”, in The Monthly Review，頁 185:


remanufacture

remanufactures (third-person singular present)
remanufacturing (present participle)
remanufactured (past participle)

rebuild

通过拆卸旧系统、清洁、检查、更换磨损和有缺陷的部件并重新组装，制造出符合标准的新制造系统或子系统

同類詞：overhaul、reassemble、renovate

But used starters and alternators are still remanufactured in the United States, reusing the costly copper wiring in each device and selling them in the $1.5 billion market for replacement starters and alternators.

中國汽車部件進入全球市場

2007年June7日，Keith Bradsher，“Chinese Auto Parts Enter the Global Market [中國汽車部件進入全球市場]”, in New York Times:


on the job

Unlike your typical office drama, wherein characters’ lives intersect entertainingly both inside and outside work, the premise of Severance rests in the twisted implications of total compartmentalization: What if you could separate out your work memories (and thereby your work self), thereby forming a totally distinct identity while on the job?

April 14 2022，Delia Cai，“Severance, the New York Times’s Twitter Guidelines, and the Forever Illusion of Work-Life Balance”, in Vanity Fair:


remuda

借自西班牙語 remuda。

加鞍备用马群 （自19世紀）

To one side of the barn was a remuda of work-horses, perhaps twenty in all.

Buddy did not know what his mother was going to do, but he was sure that whatever she did would be right; so he hoisted his saddle on the handiest fresh horse, and loped off to drive in the remuda, feeling certain that his father would move swiftly to save his cattle that ranged back in the foothills, and that the saddle horses would be wanted at a moment's notice.

A big remuda had been driven up, Cayuse ponies mixed with larger American horses.

2013，Philipp Meyer，The Son，Simon & Schuster, 出版於 2014，頁 29:


mussitate

源自拉丁語 mussitō (“保持安静；低语，咕哝”) + -ate (動詞後綴)，源自 mussō (“保持沉默和恭敬；轻声说，低语”)（源自原始印歐語 *mur- (“低语”)，本為擬態詞）+ -itō (反復後綴)。

mussitates (third-person singular present)
mussitating (present participle)
mussitated (past participle)

含糊地說；喃喃自語道（詞語、話語）

As for the Origination of the name Magus, […] others [derive it] from מהגה, one that muſſitates; becauſe the Magi tranſacted al their Incantations by muſſitating or muttering out their vvords.

1676，Theophilus Gale，“Of the Magi, Gymnosophistæ, Druides and Other Barbaric Philosophers”, in The Court of the Gentiles: Or, A Discourse Touching the Traduction of Philosophie from the Scriptures and Jewish Church: […]，第2nd版, London: […] J. Macock for Thomas Gilbert, →OCLC, part II (Of Philosophie), book I (Of Oriental, and Occidental Barbaric Philosophie)，頁 75:

It's not impossible that from the very start / I've been at something akin to / what the Dogon buckoos do: / how they mussitate extended tales by heart / of their gene-myths of their ancestors into / their women's auricles.

2007，Greg Delanty，“The Wordmen”, in The Ship of Birth: Poems，Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State University Press, →ISBN，頁 14:

Jake threw his hat at Hannah and walked to his office with a grin from ear to ear as he mussitated, "and whose fault is that?"

2020年May19日，Richard M. Beloin，“Oil—Hay—Land—Capers”, in The Harrisons，Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, →ISBN:

說話含糊不清；喃喃自語 （自17世紀初）

Let none dare to think as vve hear ſome one or tvvo begins to muſſitate, that the Magiſtrates miſcarriages about the matters of Religion, does forfault him of his right to govern, and ſo cadens titulo, is no more to be ovvned as King.

1681，“an Healing Hand” [pseudonym; John Bairdy]，Balm from Gilead: Or, The Differences about the Indulgence, Stated and Impleaded: […]，London: […] Tho[mas] Cockerill […], →OCLC，頁 162:

Nay, farther, in Isaiah we are taught, concerning those who speak out of the ground, whose voice is as of one who hath a familiar spirit, and whose speech shall whisper, peep, chirp, mutter or mussitate low out of the dust, namely: that they shall be visited of the Lord of hosts with thunder, earthquake, great noise, storm and tempest, and with the flame of devouring fire. (xxix. 4, 6.)

1843，William Elder，“In Relation to the Powers and Prerogatives of the Clergy to Rule and Teach, Claimed to be Immediately from on High Independent of the Laity”, in The Genius of Ecclesiastical Freedom; Comprising the Declaration of Divine Order, Made by the First Convention of the New Church in Union County, Indiana; […]，Cincinnati, Oh.: [s.n.], →OCLC，頁 220:

Enough remains, however, to make one go mussitating in solitary places, like a banished bull μελεος μελεῳ ποδι χηρενων。

1860，Alazon [pseudonym; William Richard Barnes]，“XIX [Lord Brougham, Lord George Gordon, Lessons from the East End Riots, the Author’s Fears, Sponsors, and Lord Ebury’s Letter on Ash-Wednesday]”, in Let Well Alone: Or Removal of Blemishes from Church and State，London: Longman & Co. […], →OCLC，頁 182:

I have now another visitant [a mouse], a much quieter animal: it rustles about a good deal on first entering, but after a while it subsides into a gentle and very peculiar murmuring sound: […] it is really mussitating, i.e., "to gently murmur," […]

1869年April1日，A. Hall，“Notes and Queries. [Habits of House Mice.]”, in Hardwicke’s Science-Gossip: An Illustrated Medium of Interchange and Gossip for Students and Lovers of Nature，卷 V, 期 52, London: Robert Hardwicke, […], 出版於 1870, →OCLC，頁 93，列 1:

The boat chugged up to the little stone jetty / without breaking the skin of the water, stretching, / as black as my stout, from somewhere unspeakable / to here, where the foaming lip mussitates endlessly, / trying, with a nutter's persistence, to read / and re-read the shoreline.

1993，Don Paterson，“The Ferryman’s Arms”, in Nil Nil，London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN，頁 1:

"I, a military man, who might just someday enter politics. Do not cast pearls before gypsies!" he mussitated, walking on, and did not stop until he reached the churchyard, where he faced a peculiar sight.

2014，Magdalena Zyzak，“In which Odolechka is Introduced to the Automobile, a Technology hitherto Largely in the Domain of Rumor”, in The Ballad of Barnabas Pierkiel […]，New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN，頁s 44–45:


sorrowing

The daily sorrowings of grief and repentance are genuine emotions. It is simply not legitimate to maintain that the real emotions are the initial bursts of high-pitched passions[…]

每天的悲伤和悔恨都是真实的情感。有人说真正的情感是高亢激情的爆发，这是完全不合理的……

2011，Clifford Williams，Existential Reasons for Belief in God:


sentence adverb

disjunct

句子副詞；修飾整個子句或句子而不是單詞或片語的副詞

句子副詞；修飾整個子句或句子而不是單詞或片語的副詞

In every section of this invaluable work new light is thrown on ancient problems - phrasal verbs (bring up, put off), phrasal-prepositional verbs (catch up on, come up with) [...] duratives, sentence adverbs, and so on.

1985，Robert Burchfield，The English Language，Oxford: Oxford University Press，頁 156:


nominatum

所指；名詞或名字所命名、指向的事物

However, it is certain that whoever seriously regards the sentence either as true or false also attributes to the name “Odysseus” a nominatum, not only a sense; […]

1987，Anna Whiteside, Michael Issacharoff，On Referring in Literature，頁 71:


nominor

[…] your lordship was pleased to say several things about my fitness in other respects for public business, and about the terms of connexion, in such a case, between a nominor and a nominee.

1842，Jeremy Bentham，The Westminster Review:


commoved

more commoved (comparative)
most commoved (superlative)

The clerk, as I conjectured him to be from his appearance, was also commoved; for, sitting opposite to Mr. Morris, that honest gentleman's terror communicated itself to him, though he wotted not why.

我从他的外表猜测那位职员也很惊慌；因为他坐在莫里斯先生对面，这位诚实绅士的恐惧感传到了他身上，尽管他不知道原因。


renunciant

放棄者（尤其是为了精神原因放弃世俗生活的人，或放弃公民身份的人） （自18世紀）

The stereotypical image of the Jain renunciant is a monk (or possibly nun) dutifully sweeping the ground gently before him with a small broom […].

耆那教弃绝者的典型形象是一名僧人（或可能是女僧），用一把小扫帚恭敬地轻轻扫着面前的地面 […] 。

2016，Sunil Khilnani，Incarnations，Penguin, 出版於 2017，頁 10:


dissensus

源自拉丁語 dissēnsus；或為 dissent + consensus 組成的混成詞。

Now it is apparent that neither the consensus of Christianity with other religions, nor its dissensus from them, nor the absolute or relative superiority which we claim for it, can be made evident without a thorough and methodical comparison of all religions.

1874，Edmund Spiess，“Comparative Study of Religions, in Its Bearing upon Christian Apologetics”, in History, Essays, Orations, and Other Documents of the Sixth General Conference of the Evangelical Alliance, Held in New York, October 2–12, 1873，New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, publishers, Franklin Square, →OCLC，頁 310:

Underlying a real and culturally meaningful general consensus about the wrongness of rape, there can indeed be many contextual dissensuses about rape being okay. Only when we allow a reified conception of consensus to drive out the nuanced understanding in the ethnographic literature of the way people talk when they accuse and excuse crime do we see consensus-dissensus as being an "insoluble inconsistency" ([Christopher] Uggen at 496) at the foundation of the theory.

1998，Integrative Criminology (International Library of Criminology, Criminal Justice & Penology)，Aldershot, Hampshire, Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate Publishing, →ISBN，頁 569:

In this chapter, we explore two forms of dissensus. The first is horizontal dissensus, or that which occurs within a three-judge panel on the courts of appeals. Judges signal this form of dissensus by writing separate opinions that take the form of a dissent or concurrence. The second is vertical dissensus, which occurs when a court of appeals panel disagrees with the lower court over the proper resolution of the case. This form of dissensus is observed when the court of appeals reverses the lower court's decision, either in whole or in part.

2006，Virginia A. Hettinger, Stefanie A. Lindquist, Wendy L. Martinek，“Horizontal and Vertical Dissensus”, in Judging on a Collegial Court: Influences on Federal Appellate Decision Making (Constitutionalism and Democracy)，University of Virginia Press, →ISBN，頁 5:

Certainly parliamentary politics is indebted to the rhetorical culture of addressing issues from opposite views and debating the alternatives pro et contra. In parliamentary procedure dissensus and debate are institutionalised: no motion is approved without a thorough examination of and confrontation among imaginable alternatives.

2014，Kari Palonen, José María Rosales, Tapani Turkka，“Introduction: The Parliamentary Politics of Dissensus”, in The Politics of Dissensus: Parliament in Debate (Social Sciences & Humanities; 2)，Santander: Cantabria University Press; [Madrid]: McGraw-Hill Interamericana de España, →ISBN，頁 3:


deathrate

At ages under 25 years, the deathrate declined sharply. The decline in the deathrate for children under 15 years resulted from the lower diphtheria, scarlet fever and whooping cough rates; among adolescents the lower tuberculosis mortality was the chief factor back of the lower rates.

1922，Statistical Bulletin, Vol III, No. 1，Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.，頁 8:

It is a striking fact, though seemingly little recognized, that the deathrate in the United States has been barely holding its own since 1920, in spite of all the advances in sanitation, medicine and surgery that have taken place.

1931，Henry Pratt Fairchild，“When Our Deathrate Goes Up”, in The Survey, Volume LXVI, No. 11，Survey Associates，頁 510:

During the decade birth and death figures were related to this quite unrepresentative population with the consequence that Salem showed birthrates of over 60 and deathrates of corresponding elevation in gross contradiction to recognized facts.

1932，M. W. M. Yeatts，Census of India, 1931, Volume XIV: Madras, Part I: Report，Government of India Central Publication Branch，頁 27:


in hand

at hand

佔有著，擁有著，在手頭上 （自10世紀）

on hand

佔有著，擁有著，在手頭上 （自10世紀）

to hand

佔有著，擁有著，在手頭上 （自10世紀）

handy

佔有著，擁有著，在手頭上 （自10世紀）

at the ready

佔有著，擁有著，在手頭上 （自10世紀）

under control

處於掌控之中 （自18世紀）

ignored

正考慮；目前正在處理或解決 （自14世紀）

neglected

正考慮；目前正在處理或解決 （自14世紀）

out of hand

處於掌控之中 （自18世紀）

正考慮；目前正在處理或解決 （自14世紀）

'What have they to do with the matter in hand - the murder on this train?'

“他们和当前的事情——这列火车上的谋杀案——有什么关系？”

1934，Agatha Christie，章號 6, in Murder on the Orient Express [東方快車謀殺案]，London: HarperCollins, 出版於 2017，頁 119:

They form part of the vast electrification and reconstruction schemes which have been in hand for a number of years at Liverpool Street, and in suburban Essex, and include the rearrangement of tracks, of which the Ilford flyover forms part; the modern signal boxes, now needed only at key points; the electric control or sub-stations; and a large electric car shed.

1951 January，R. A. H. Weight，“A Railway Recorder in Essex and Hertfordshire”, in Railway Magazine，頁 44:

（賽程中的比賽）還需要參與，還沒比完 （自19世紀）

At the other end […] the Sounders completed a run that had taken them from 15 points off the lead, to first place in the Supporters Shield standings with two games in hand.


out of hand

more out of hand (comparative)
most out of hand (superlative)

offhand

不假思索地，未經深思熟慮地

不假思索地，未經深思熟慮地

The questions covered ranged from those that could be answered out of hand, through those requiring some thought and at least a second interview, to those which presented matters for further research in theoretical statistics.

所涵盖的问题范围很广，有的可以直接回答，有的需要思考并至少进行第二次访谈，还有的需要用理论统计学进一步研究。

1948，University of Michigan Official Publication.，UM Libraries，頁 175:

I still think that advice is sound, because, if justices do decide a case out of hand on the complainant's case, it is argued, as in the present appeal, that they have ruled, as a matter of law, that there was no case to answer.

1954，Justice of the peace and local government review reports.:

He bad to open wyde his brazen gate, / Which long time had bene shut, and out of hond / Proclaymed ioy and peace through all his state [...].

于是下命令将黄铜城门开启，/这扇城门长时间来一直关闭。/宣告举国进入和平欢乐时期， […] 。

1590，Edmund Spenser，譯者 邢怡, The Faerie Queene [仙后]，北京时代华文书局, I.xii:

Now any Man finding in hot Blood, one who with a fore-thought Felony hath murthered his Daughter, may, without tying himself to the Formalities and Circumstances of a Legal Proceeding, kill him on a sudden, and out of hand, without incurring any hazard of being attainted and apprehended by the Officers of Justice for so doing.

现在，任何一个男人如果发现自己的女儿被他人蓄意谋杀，而怒不可遏，则可以在不受法律程序的约束和情况限制的情况下，突然、立即杀死他，而不会因此承担被司法官员判处有期徒刑或逮捕的危险。

1653，Francois Rabelais (佚名譯)，The works of Mr. Francis Rabelais, doctor in physick，卷 2, Navarre society, London:


out of hand

Clean things as you go so that the mess does not get out of hand.

边走边清理，以免杂乱的东西失控。

Figueiredo's troops got out of hand and disgraced themselves by mutilating the Spanish dead and wounded on the field of battle.

1892，James Fitzmaurice-Kelly，The life of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra，London Chapman & Hall, 出版於 1892:

Shepard: The Alliance sent me to bring you in, Major. Can't you see this has gotten out of hand? Don't you understand you're endangering your followers?

谢泼德：少校，联盟派我来接你。难道你看不出来事情已经失控了吗？难道你不明白你正在危及你的追随者吗？

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect，Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：Presrop:


prey on

preys on (third-person singular present)
preying on (present participle)
preyed on (past participle)

Bradford had preyed on Villa's inability to defend set pieces, corners in particular, in their first-leg win and took advantage of the weakness again as Hanson equalised to restore their two-goal aggregate lead.

在首回合的比赛中，布拉德福德抓住了维拉队防守定位球（尤其是角球）无力的弱点，并再次利用这一弱点，由汉森扳平比分，重新以两球的总比分领先。

2013年January22日，Phil McNulty，“Aston Villa 2-1 Bradford (3-4)”, in BBC:

The food industry and its allies in the agricultural and chemical industries prey on the vulnerable by pumping out barely regulated products at low cost and then marketing them with insidious advertising campaigns.

食品行业及其在农业和化学工业中的盟友以低成本生产几乎不受监管的产品，然后通过阴险的广告活动进行营销，从而欺骗弱势群体。

2018，Kristin Lawless，Formerly known as food, →ISBN，頁 202:

对（某人的思想/想法）造成沉重的负担；折磨著某人的內心

The past—to me, the dreadful past !—is one eternal present ; and the Promethean vulture of remorse preys on me now, and for ever.

过去——对我来说，那是可怕的过去！——是永恒的现在；悔恨，这头普罗米修斯般的秃鹫，不仅是现在，它永远都在折磨着我。

1852，George Payne Rainsford James，“Remorse”, in A Book of the Passions，Henry G. Bohn，頁 2:


apprehender

Depending on the severeness of the crime and the danger of the suspect, the apprehender may apply physical force in order to stop the pursued and proceed to his apprehension.

根据犯罪的严重程度和犯罪嫌疑人的危险性，逮捕人员可以使用武力来阻止被追捕者并进行逮捕。

1996，Chantal Joubert, Hans Bevers，Schengen Investigated，頁 305:


advertent

inadvertent 的逆構詞。
源自拉丁語 advertent-、advertens，advertere 的現在分詞，源自動詞 adverto (“注意，留意”)。

more advertent (comparative)
most advertent (superlative)

Is he rich, prosperous, great? yet he continues safe, because he continues humble, watchful, advertent, lest he should be deceived and transported

1828，Matthew Hale, David Young，On the Knowledge of Christ Crucified: And Other Divine Contemplations，頁 227:

There is such thing as advertent negligence in which the harm is foreseen as possible or probable.

存在故意疏忽的情况，即可以预见损害是可能发生的。

Until the 1950s, for judges both the conceptual and terminological identification of advertent risk taking — subjective recklessness — often lay submerged within the amorphous notion of 'malice' [....]

1998，Keith John Michael Smith，Lawyers, Legislators and Theorists: Developments in English Criminal Law，頁 283:


animadvertor

IT was ever my Deſire and Care, if it were poſſible, not to fall under the Pen of the Animadvertor;[…]。

1659，Thomas Fuller，“Why the Author desired and hoped never to come under the Pen of the Animadvertor in a Controversal Difference”, in The Appeal of Iniured Innocence: unto the Religious Learned and Ingenuous Reader. In a Controversie Betwixt the Animadvertor Dr. Peter Heylyn and the Author Thomas Fuller.，London: […] W. Godbid, […], part I，頁 2:

While I hold myself ready to substantiate every charge I have made against Highland depopulating proprietors, be it known that I will pay no attention to anonymous animadvertors; I must know my man.

1857，Donald McLeod，Donald McLeod’s Gloomy Memories in the Highlands of Scotland: Versus Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Sunny Memories in (England) a Foreign Land: or a Faithful Picture of the Extirpation of the Celtic Race from the Highlands of Scotland，Toronto: […] the Author, by Thompson & Co., […]，頁 211:

Cleveland’s animadvertors took the blazon seriously, sacrificing humour to analysis and thus losing the debate:[…]。

1996，Joad Raymond，“Paper Bullets: Newsbooks, Pamphlets, and Print Culture”, in The Invention of the Newspaper: English Newsbooks, 1641–1649，Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN，頁 223:


specifically

more specifically (comparative)
most specifically (superlative)

A provision of law may not be construed as requiring a new grant to be awarded to a specified non-Federal Government entity unless that provision of law (1) specifically refers to this subsection; specifically identifies the particular non-Federal Government entity involved; and (3) specifically states that the award to that entity is required by such provision of law in contravention of the policy set forth in subsection (a).

1994，Congress of the United States，美國 Statutes at Large，卷 108, part 4:

Unless specifically waived by the IRB, all subjects, or their legally authorized representatives, must document that they are consenting to participate in any research project that is approved by the University of North Dakota Institutional Review Board.

除非获得IRB的特别豁免，所有受试者或其法定授权代表必须提供文件证明他们同意参加经北达科他大学机构审查委员会批准的任何研究项目。

2009，Institutional Review Board，Standard Operating Procedures: Informed Consent Documentation，University of North Dakota:

Unless a rule or statute specifically states otherwise, a pleading need not be verified or accompanied by an affidavit.

除非规则或法规另有明确规定，否则诉状无需验证或附有宣誓书。

2010，Congress of the United States，“Rule 11”, in Federal Rules of Civil Procedure:

Many laws are directed specifically at child abuse.

许多法律是专门针对虐待儿童的。

2011，Paul Bergman, Sara Berman，The Criminal Law Handbook: Know Your Rights, Survive the System:


Marianas

以西班牙王后奧地利的瑪麗亞納（1634–1696）命名。

馬里亞納群島（群島名，位於太平洋西部）

After refueling and taking on supplies in New Guinea, we steamed north and east to support the landings on Kwajalein and Eniwetok and the thrusts against the island of Truk. We participated in the famous "Turkey Shoot" in the Marianas, during which we decimated the enemy's forces.

在新几内亚加油并补充物资后，我们向北和向东航行，支援夸贾林岛和埃尼威托克岛的登陆以及对特鲁克岛的进攻。我们参加了马里亚纳群岛著名的“火鸡射击”行动，在这次行动中，我们彻底消灭了敌军。

1979，Gerald Ford，“Boyhood—and Beyond”, in A Time to Heal，New York: Berkley Books, 出版於 1980, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 57:


Northern Mariana Islands

Northern Marianas

北馬里亞納群島（太平洋的群島，美國的非合併屬地；法定名稱：Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands）。

As of Wednesday, 97.3% of the eligible population in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or 41,937 individuals, had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19, according to figures provided by the Commonwealth Healthcare Corp.

根据北马里亚纳群岛自由邦医疗保健公司提供的数据，截至周三，北马里亚纳群岛联邦97.3%的符合接种条件的人口（41,937人）已完全接种新冠疫苗。

2022年January24日，K-Andrea Evarose Limol，“97% of eligible population fully vaccinated in CNMI, says CHCC”, in Guam Daily Post，存檔自the original on 2022-05-16:


North Carolina

源自 Carolus，英格蘭國王查理一世（Charles I of England）的拉丁語形式。

/ˌnɔɹθ kɛɹəˈlaɪnə/

/ˌnɔɹθ kæɹəˈlaːnə/

/ˌnɔːθ kæɹəˈlaːnə/

/ˌnɔːθ kæəˈlaːnə/

/ˌnɔːθ kæɹ.əˈlaɪn.ə/

北卡羅來納（州名，位於美國；首都：Raleigh）

The North Carolina legislature has passed a “Taiwan-Friendly Statement,” marking the second year in a row in which all six states in the southeastern US passed bills or statements in support of Taiwan.[…]Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co held a talent recruitment event at Duke University in North Carolina to promote cooperation with Taiwan in the high-tech and electric vehicle industries, one of the state’s major industries, the statement said.

北卡罗来纳州立法机构通过“对台友好声明”，这是美国东南部六个州连续第二年通过支持台湾的法案或声明。 […] 声明称，台湾半导体制造公司在北卡罗来纳州杜克大学举办人才招聘活动，推动与台湾在该州主要产业之一的高科技和电动汽车产业的合作。

2023年June19日，Cheng-yu Yang, Liu Tzu-hsuan，“Southeastern US states all offer Taiwan support”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2023-06-19, Taiwan News，頁 2:


occultate

occultates (third-person singular present)
occultating (present participle)
occultated (past participle)

[…] to occultate the apparent, to manifest the hidden.

[…] 掩盖明显的事物，显现隐藏的事物。

1998，Paul Davies，Romanticism and Esoteric Tradition: Studies in Imagination:


reprobe

reprobes (third-person singular present)
reprobing (present participle)
reprobed (past participle)

重新使用化學探針（通常是在先前的探針被剝離之後）

Nylon membranes are more easily stripped and reprobed.

2001，Alan S. Gerstein，Molecular Biology Problem Solver, →ISBN，頁 433:


occulture

occult + culture 組成的混成詞。Simon Dwyer 首次在《Rapid Eye》雜誌中使用。後來由 Christopher Partridge 教授使用。

/əˈkʌlt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

亞文化挪用神秘主題（如新時代等）以反對主流文化

UFO religions drink deeply from the waters of occulture, while, at the same time, seeking to reconcile their ideas with a contemporary secular and scientific worldview.

2005，Christopher Partridge，The Re-enchantment of the West，卷 2, →ISBN，頁 167:

With the term occulture I refer to a diverse milieu of spirituality that formed around esoteric discourses, as characterized by Nina Kokkinen in her dissertation about occulture and modern spirituality in turn of the century Finnish art, and its three notable artists Hugo Simberg (1873–1917), Akseli Gallen-Kallela and Pekka Halonen (1865–1933) (Kokkinen 2019: 44).

2020，Mikko Välimäki，“Decadence and occulture: Oscar Parviainen’s art”, in Approaching religion，卷 11, 期 1, →DOI，頁 99:

Conspirituality, in fact, helps describe some of the dynamics and one of the “contexts” in which Italian Pagan conspiracy-believing is embedded—one that, at a more general level, is characterized by what Christopher Partridge (e.g., 2004; 2005; 2014) defined as occulture.

2021，Giovanna Parmigiani，“Magic and Politics: Conspirituality and COVID-19”, in Journal of the American Academy of Religion, →DOI，頁 12:


relatum

源自拉丁語 relatum，referre 的中性過去分詞。

And with respect to secondary processes, whether a PDT becomes an ADT will vary according to both the ADTs a person has acquired through primary acquisition processes (for this determines which objects can be the relata in the relational properties) and according to the individual’s experiential and epistemic history with respect to disgust elicitors.

2003，Christopher Knapp，“De-moralizing Disgustingness”, in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, LXVI, № 2, page 265:

For according to the externalist, the opposing view rests on the idea that “being conscious of” is a genuine relation, that is, a relation whose obtaining entails the existence of its relata.

2007年July12日，Harold Langsam，“Rationality, Justification, and the Internalism/Externalism Debate”, in Erkenntnis，卷 68, 期 1, →DOI:

However we understand the defect, most divine determinists will likely wish to say that the relation of inconformity between act and law obtains (when it does obtain) merely in virtue of the intrinsic natures of the relata. In other words, the relation of inconformity follows merely upon the nonrelational characteristics of the relata.

2019，Peter Furlong，The Challenges of Divine Determinism: A Philosophical Analysis，頁 94:


repressure

repressures (third-person singular present)
repressuring (present participle)
repressured (past participle)

再次加壓；恢復到給定壓力

But rather than repressuring the Ukrainian pipeline system for exports, Russia's gas monopoly, Gazprom, ordered a single test shipment to see if it would pass through Ukraine to Europe, through a pipeline that was being used to supply the Ukrainian city of Odessa.

2009年January14日，Andrew E. Kramer，“Gas Dispute Runs Deeper Than Pipes, Experts Say”, in New York Times:


lumpatious

源自 lump (“塊/瘤/皰”) + -ious，創造於《阿珊與凱特》集數《#臭腦》。

more lumpatious (comparative)
most lumpatious (superlative)

Beck: "My fist just touched Sinjin's fist, weird right?" FEELING: Lumpatious
#*:: 貝克：「我的拳頭剛剛碰到辛晉的拳頭，很奇怪吧？」感想：很可惡

The memory of that scene was now eclipsed as Patrick looked first through, then past, Monique into the same garden, its lovely ambience disfigured by the lumpatious and immovable trio sitting around, waiting to be fed again.

那個場景的記憶如今黯然失色，因為派翠克先是透過莫妮克，再望向她身後的同一個花園。那原本迷人的氛圍如今被坐在那裡、一動不動、討厭的三人組所破壞，他們正等著再一次被餵食。

(Can we date this quote?)，路易阿比科赫，A BLIND BIT OF DIFFERENCE，Lulu.com, →ISBN:

... with Lala and her date Laurie and went off with them. Chelsea saw Darren and she started chatting with him. Barbie and Stacie went around admiring the hall. “This place is top-notch,” Barbie said. “Yeah it's lumpatious,” Stacie.

和拉拉以及她的約會對象勞瑞一起離開了。切爾西看到達倫後便和他聊了起來。芭比和史黛西四處走動，欣賞著大廳的裝潢。「這地方真是頂級啊，」芭比說。「對啊，簡直太噁心了，」史黛西附和道。

2019年November28日，雷納阿羅拉，Secrets in the City，Notion Press, →ISBN:


basti

借自印地語 बस्ती (bastī，“定居點”)。

There is a dreary bustee in the neighbourhood which is said to make the most of any cholera that may be going.

附近有一所阴暗的贫民窟，据说这里是霍乱爆发的最主要地点。

1891，Rudyard Kipling，The City Of Dreadful Night:

With the population growth in the jhopadpattis, favelas, bastis and bidonvilles higher than any other environment in the world, we are seeing the emergence of Megaslums, where one million urban poor live in an area measuring just 1.5 square miles.

由于各种贫民窟和小城镇的人口增长速度高于世界上任何其他地区，我们看到了巨型贫民窟的出现，在面积仅为1.5平方英里的区域内居住着一百万城市贫民。

2012，Sarwant Singh，New Mega Trends: Implications for Our Future Lives，頁 63:

Her mother-in-law, in her half-delirious state, was sure that their basti would be broken down and had aggressively begun to push her sons to buy a plot of land elsewhere.

她半昏迷的婆婆确信他们所居住的贫民窟会被拆毁，并开始积极敦促她的儿子们去其他地方购买一块土地。

2023，Radhika Iyengar，Fire on the Ganges，Fourth Estate，頁 294:


bastonade

bastonades (third-person singular present)
bastonading (present participle)
bastonaded (past participle)

以棍棒擊打（多指打腳底）

A lady, injured by an Austrian soldier, reproached him, and was bastonaded. Repeating her reproaches while under the bastonado, she was bastonaded more.

1851，Theodore Dwight，The Roman Republic of 1849:


antiabortion

more antiabortion (comparative)
most antiabortion (superlative)

Antiabortion activists pointed out that immigrant families, many of them Catholic, were larger and would soon outpopulate native-born white Yankees and threaten their political power.

反堕胎活动人士指出，移民家庭（其中许多是天主教徒）规模更大，很快就会超过土生土长的北方白人，并威胁到他们的政治权力。

1996，Leslie J. Reagan，When Abortion Was a Crime:

The news reporters tell us that conservatives are antiabortion, anti–gun control, antidiversity, antienvironment, antieverything.

新闻记者告诉我们，保守派反对堕胎、反对枪支管制、反对多样性、反对环境、反对一切。

2001，Gordon K. Durnil，The Making of a Conservative Environmentalist，頁 182:


brain rot

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-brain rot.wav

大腦腐蝕：精神能力、智力、常識或道德品格的退化

While England endeavors to cure the potato-rot, will not any endeavor to cure the brain-rot, which prevails so much more widely and fatally?

1854, Henry David Thoreau, Walden (1897 printing), page 501:

And then our parents decided that comics books were to blame for their children's brain rot, tossing most of these halftone gems in the garbage.

2016 April，Tom Royer，“Rated M for Millennials”, in Mankato Magazine，出版於 2017，頁 25:

I carried with me a vague awareness of the political state of the world. I had actual views on things. I made mid-conversation gags that mostly paid off. And yet, four months into babyland and I have reached brain rot.

2020 January，Joanna Ellner，“Diary Of A Mum: Part 6”, in Baby，出版於 2019，頁 61:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:brain rot。

被認為沒有什麼藝術價值的媒體，和/或對其消費者有負面影響的媒體

[…] I remember that I had to stay home and receive a stern lecture on the evils of Tinseltown brainrot.

1978，Lionel Menuhin Rolfe，The Menuhins: A Family Odyssey，頁 47:

It could be a great album, like Big Star’s Radio City, or it could be one composed entirely of what I deemed to be drab, scum-sucking brainrot, like The Stereophonics’ Performance And Cocktails.

So this winter, I'll chill on the couch watching The Only Way Is Essex or some similar brainrot instead, happy it'll be over in a^([sic]) hour […]
因此这个冬天，我会窝在沙发上看《埃塞克斯是唯一的生活方式》或类似的烂片，很高兴一小时后它就会播完 […]

2011, John Vannisselroy, "Reality bites: we need less English Premier League", TNT Magazine, 15 August 2011 - 21 August 2011, page 52:

We need to hold out hope and wish for the best for Gen Alpha as they are truly capable. But with the polarization of the current times and brainrot they are encountering online, it’s hard.

2023，Nunzio Amon，“The Future of Gen Alpha”, in Medium:

Implicit in the idea of brain rot is the fear that those who spend too much time on screens will become less intelligent, such as 'iPad Kids', Gen Z and Gen Alpha children raised in the digital age.

2024年February8日，Shivé Prema，“What is 'brain rot'? Do you have it?”, in SBS News:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:brain rot。

痴迷於某種媒體作品的狀態

Jojo^([sic]) brain rot is real because why have I just spent the last 10 minutes thinking who'd be better at parallel parking-

I said they both can't act, I still liked the prequels and the acolyte, but it could just be the star wars brain rot that got me lol


overtourism

As evidenced in the overtourism concept, residents may become resentful of the intrusions of visitors and visitors' impacts on their ways of living (Figure 9.2). Thus, it is essential that residents are involved and have a strong say […]

正如过度旅游概念所表明的那样，居民可能会对游客的侵扰以及游客对其生活方式的影响感到不满（图 9.2）。因此，让居民参与并拥有强大的发言权至关重要 […]

2018，Alastair M. Morrison，Marketing and Managing Tourism Destinations [旅游目的地营销与管理]，Routledge, →ISBN，頁 94:

If tourism is a capitalist phenomenon, overtourism is its demented late-capitalist cousin: selfie-stick deaths, all-you-can-eat ships docking at historic ports, stag nights that end in property crimes, the live-streaming of the ruination of fragile natural habitats, et cetera.

如果说旅游业是一种资本主义现象，那么过度旅游就是其疯狂的晚期资本主义表亲：自拍杆致死、停靠在历史港口的自助餐船只、以财产犯罪告终的单身派对、破坏脆弱自然栖息地的现场直播，等等。

2019年June4日，Annie Lowrey，“Too Many People Want to Travel [太多人想旅行]”, in The Atlantic:

After years in the making, Venice will on Thursday begin charging day trippers to enter the city in an effort to protect the Unesco world heritage site from the effects of over-tourism.

经过多年的酝酿，威尼斯将于周四开始向一日游游客收取入城费用，以保护这处联合国教科文组织世界遗产免受过度旅游的影响。

2024年April24日，Angela Giuffrida，“Venice access fee: what is it and how much does it cost? [威尼斯入场费：是什么？要花多少钱？]”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:


-fold

源自中古英語 -fold、-fald、-fauld，繼承自古英語 -feald，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *-falþaz，源自原始印歐語 *-poltos，源自 *pel- (“折疊”)。同源詞包括荷蘭語 -voud、瑞典語 -faldig、拉丁語 -plus、-plex、古希臘語 -παλτος (-paltos)、-πλος (-plos)、-πλόος (-plóos)。參見 fold。

有些人会用类似 "an increase by twofold" 的结构表示 "a twofold increase"。这可能会导致混淆，因为 "an increase by twofold" 的逻辑翻译意味着“原始金额增加200% ”，而后者意味着“增加到原始金额的200%”。应谨慎避免这种混淆。通常，-fold 不带介词。

在科学语境中，有时会在数字后面附加“-fold”（含义相同），例如 M.C. Stone 等人在 2010 年发表的一篇论文，其摘要中提到 "10-fold up-regulation of the number of growing microtubules"（生长微管数量增加到了原來的10倍）。

There has been a threefold increase in inflation

The cancer tissue in two of the ... specimens ... exhibited a dramatic 23-fold increase in the laminin-receptor-mRNA levels.
两个标本中的癌症组织显示层粘连蛋白受体mRNA水平急剧增加到了原來的23倍。

1991, Vittoria Cioce; Vince Castronovo; Barry M. Shmookler; et. al, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, "Increased Expression of the Laminin Receptor in Human Colon Cancer" [1]

"[Use] of a decimal without a zero to the left of the decimal (ie .5 instead of 0.5) has resulted in 10-fold error[.]

“[使用]小数点左边没有零的小数（即 .5 而不是 0.5）会导致10倍的误差[。]

2011，Joel. E. Houghlum，Principles of Pharmacology for Athletic Trainers:

Ezekiel outlines the harlotry of Judah followed by a thirty-two-fold judgment.

2013，Jerome Strong，Spiritual Musings II: Sermons, Musings & Exegesis:

Inflation has increased threefold

A publication ... entitled "The Sixth Financial and Economical Annual of Japan" ... issued in 1906 ... says: ¶ "...[O]ur export trade had in ... thirty-two years increased thirty-four-fold with Asia, twenty-three-fold with America, and five-fold with Europe[.]

1906年出版的《日本第六届财政经济年鉴》中写道：“三十二年来，我们与亚洲的出口贸易增长到了原來的三十四倍，与美洲的出口贸易增长到了原來的二十三倍，与欧洲的出口贸易增长到了原來的五倍。”

c. 1906，Silk Association of America，XXXV Annual Meeting of the Silk Association of America:

His potatoes yielded forty-onefold in 1816 and his barley thirty-twofold in 1818.

1816年，他的土豆产量增加到了原來的41倍，1818年，他的大麦产量增加到了原來的32倍。

2011，James R. Gibson，Farming the Frontier:

In contrast, the number of Asian foreign born would increase twenty-two-fold to more than 11 million, and the number of Latin American foreign born would increase twenty-three-fold to 22 million.

相比之下，出生于亚洲的外国人口数量将增加到原來的22倍，达到1100多万人，出生于拉丁美洲的外国人口数量将增加到原來的23倍，达到2200万人。

2014，Thomas R. Oliver，Guide to U.S. Health and Health Care Policy:


sandbox game

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sandbox game.wav

This was the ultimate sandbox game. By providing a simple, yet rich simulation, it gave the user the tools with which to create his own fun.

这是一款终极沙盒游戏。通过提供简单但丰富的模拟，它为用户提供了创造乐趣的工具。

2004，Tracy Fullerton, Christopher Swain, Steven Hoffman，Game design workshop: designing, prototyping, and playtesting games [游戏设计研讨会：设计、原型设计和游戏测试]:

In contrast, a sandbox game such as Civilization operates more like a hobby […]

相比之下，《文明》等沙盒游戏更像是一种消遣 […]

2007，Katie Salen，The ecology of games: connecting youth, games, and learning [游戏生态：连接青少年、游戏和学习]:

[…] the sequel to the military-themed sandbox game known as Mercenaries […]

[…] 军事主题沙盒游戏《雇佣兵》的续作 […]


propulse

propulses (third-person singular present)
propulsing (present participle)
propulsed (past participle)

all succours were clerely estopped and propulsed from them

1550，Edward Halle，The Vnion of the Two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke:


suade

借自拉丁語 suādēre。

suades (third-person singular present)
suading (present participle)
suaded (past participle)

Howsomeber, she wuz so mad wid Jeff dat she 'suaded herse'f she did n' keer

1899，Charles W. Chesnutt，Hot-Foot Hannibal:


appellate

可受理上訴的（尤其是受理下级法院判决上诉的法院）

In this game of bluff and counter-bluff, the parlementaires calculated that their absence – which entailed much of the country being without an appellate jurisdiction – would force the government to treat for terms.

2002，Colin Jones，The Great Nation，Penguin, 出版於 2003，頁 228:


appulse

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-appulse.wav

朝着或反对某事物的有力运动；推动，打击

[T]he vivacity of these trains of ideas, passing in the imagination, is greatly increased by […] their not being disturbed or dissevered either by the appluses of external bodies, as in surprize; or by our voluntary exertions in comparing them with our previous knowledge of things, as in reasoning upon them.

1789，Erasmus Darwin，The Loves of the Plants，J. Johnson，頁 47:


-ren

children 和 brethren 的逆構詞，最終繼承自中古英語 -ren、-eren (複合複數後綴)，源自中古英語 -re、-ere（源自古英語 -ru (複數後綴)）+ 中古英語 -en（源自古英語 -an (複數後綴)）。

在標準英語中，這個後綴只用於 children。方言中可能會有一些非標準的用法，如 calveren (對應 calves)、lambren (對應 lambs)。brethren 和 sistren 的後綴其實是 -en，-r- 是隨詞幹進入的（(brother、sister）。

As Ciddy and child had slept soundly under Omeriah's roof, a group of young "kidren" playing outside sang a "ring song" […]

2006，Timothy White，Catch a fire: the life of Bob Marley:

Unruly kidren would fling rockstone after him.

不守规矩的孩子会向他扔石头。

This exercise will help you develop the skills to tell your ninja brethren (and sistren and thingren) apart. Simply match the name of each famous ninja with his/her/its deadly eyes.

这项练习将帮助你培养区分忍者兄弟（以及姐妹和事物）的技能。只需将每个著名忍者的名字与他/她/它的致命眼神相匹配即可。

2008，Douglas Sarine, Kent Nichols，The Ninja Handbook:


agnorant

more agnorant (comparative)
most agnorant (superlative)

The doings of some persons are all kinds of agnorant, mixed with a vacuous oral character that can make you feel a headlock.

2015年November13日，Papa Seyni Faye，The Reign of Svengali，Books on Demand Editions, →ISBN，頁 256:

Ok, I know that sounds really agnorant, however, by the time we were wrapping up the Video Announcements, YouTube was really just becoming a amuch stronger medium.

2017年November20日，Doug Sheehy，Agnorance - Memoirs, Musings and Madness by Doug，Lulu.com, →ISBN，頁 58:

“What kind of person claims to be agnorant you might ask,” Sheehy wrote in his book. “One who is bold enough to create his own pseudonym and yet still arrogant enough to put his name on the title of the book.”

“你可能会问，什么样的人会自称无知，”希伊在书中写道。“一个人大胆到用自己的笔名写作，却又无知而傲慢到把自己的真名写在书名上。”

2018年September4日，Jerry Davich，“Are you infected by the social disease of 'agnorance'?”, in Chicago Tribune，存檔自the original on 2021-06-21:

And if I say I don't want to be around someone, it's because I know they're an idiot and I refuse to put myself in that situation. Why should I? Because after they've said their racist/bigoted/stupid thing, and I've shot them down (or bit my tongue), they go on with their lives unchanged, because they're arrogant and ignorant (I'm going to coin the phrase “agnorant” henceforth).

2019年November30日，Craig Hallam，Down Days，Inspired Quill, →ISBN:


meliorator

Who can fault Ralph Waldo Emerson for observing that “the greatest meliorator of the world is selfish, huckstering trade?”

2007年October21日，Harry Hurt Iii，“A Lens on Wealth, 源自All the Angles”, in New York Times:


unidentified flying object

一般認為是美國空軍上尉愛德華·魯佩爾特 (1923–1960) 所造，用來代替 flying saucer 和 flying disk。

The lights seen over the city last night, originally termed unidentified flying objects, turned out to be spotlights from a car dealership reflecting on low clouds.

昨晚在城市上空看到的光亮最初被看作不明飞行物，后来被证实是一家汽车经销店发出的聚光灯反射在低云层上。

The U.S. and Canada are investigating three unidentified flying objects shot down over North America in the past three days. Militaries have adjusted radars to try to spot more incursions.

美国和加拿大正在调查过去三天在北美上空被击落的三架不明飞行物。军方已调整雷达以试图发现更多入侵事件。

2023年February12日，Julian E. Barnes, Helene Cooper, Edward Wong，“What’s Going On Up There? Theories but No Answers in Shootdowns of Mystery Craft.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


Alban

借自拉丁語 Albānus (“阿爾巴的居民”)。

雖然是第一位有記錄英國殉道者的名字，這個名字卻一直在英語中很少見。

圣奥尔本，3-4世紀的基督教殉道者

The first Christian martyr in Britain was called Alban.

1905，Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall，Our Island Story，頁 26:


Alban

借自拉丁語 Albānus (“阿爾巴的居民”)。

But beside this, there existed at Lavinium another tradition, which inverts the order of things by stating that Lavinium was an Alban colony, founded by six hundred Alban families.

1847，Leonhard Schmitz，A History of Rome:From the Earliest Times to the Death of Commodus, A.D. 192，Harper & brothers，頁 14:

Now the Alban dynasti bore the name of Silvii or Wood, and it can hardly be without significance that in the vision of the historic glories of Rome revealed to Aeneas in the underworld, Virgil, an antiquary as well as a poet, should represent all the line of Silvii as crowned with oak.

1922，Sir James George Frazer，AThe Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion，Forgotten Books，頁 152:

Reminded of the Alban king’s descent from Silvius, the son of Aeneas, Vergil’s reader must judge the crime of Mettus and his gruesome punishment with greater horror and revulsion.

1998，Robert Alan Gurval，Actium and Augustus: The Politics and Emotions of Civil War，University of Michigan Press，頁 223:

At some point during the Picto-Gaelic fusion, St Andrew was adopted as patron of the Alban kingdom.

2011，Norman Davies，Vanished Kingdoms，Penguin, 出版於 2012，頁 66:


Adriana

源自拉丁語和伊特拉斯坎語的女性人名，Adrian 的陰性形式

Some other mistress hath thy sweet aspects, / I am not Adriana, nor thy wife

c. 1594，William Shakespeare，“The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene 2]:


Adrienne

What I needed was an exciting name and I would give myself one. I was reading a book where the heroine's name was Adrienne. I printed that as my first name. Now what would go well with Adrienne? I peered over my shoulder at the little girl in back of me. Her name was Mary Frances Carroll. Frances...I thought. No, that's not exotic enough. Francine. Francine. That was beautiful. I printed in: FRANCINE.

1962，Jane Trahey，Life with Mother Superior，頁 4:


rescribe

rescribes (third-person singular present)
rescribing (present participle)
rescribed (past participle)

Whenever a Prince on his being consulted by any one rescribes or writes back in this manner, he seems to dispense with that act.

1726，John Ayliffe，Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani:


black market

起於1930年代左右，可能仿譯自德語 Schwarzmarkt，該詞在1910年代就已出現。對照Schwärzer (“走私者”，18世紀)。

Peace and order will not be tolerated. Start saving your cash for the black market, folks, you're gonna need it.

和平与秩序是不会得到容忍的。开始为黑市存钱吧，朋友们，你们会需要钱的。

2004，George Carlin，“THE FANATICS WILL WIN [狂热分子将获胜]”, in When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops? [耶稣何时带来猪排？]，New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN，頁 135:

In District 12, a dirt-poor coal-mining community that looks like a Dorothea Lange photograph, Katniss Everdeen (Jennifer Lawrence) quietly rebels against the system by hunting game in a forbidden area with her friend Gale (Liam Hemsworth) and trading it on the black market.

第12区是一个极度贫困的煤矿社区，看起来就像多萝西娅·兰格的照片中那样，凯特尼斯·伊夫狄恩（詹妮弗·劳伦斯饰）和她的朋友盖尔（利亚姆·海姆斯沃斯饰）在禁区内打猎，然后将猎物拿到黑市上交易，以此悄悄地反抗这个制度。

2012年March22日，Scott Tobias，“The Hunger Games [饥饿游戏]”, in AV Club:

Increasing numbers of people are turning to a growing black market for food to supplement their diets as prices rocket, experts have said.

专家表示，随着食品价格飞涨，越来越多的人转向日益壮大的黑市购买食品来补充日常饮食。

2023年December22日，Robyn Vinter，“Britons increasingly turning to food black market, experts say [专家称，越来越多英国人开始在食品黑市上买吃的]”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:


tip of the iceberg

漂浮在海面上的冰山通常只露出其十分之一體積。20世紀初的用法據信受到了泰坦尼克號撞擊冰山後沉沒事故的影響。

tips of icebergs (plural)
tips of the icebergs (plural)

/ˈtɪp‿əv ðiː ˈaɪsbɜːɡ/

/ˈtɪp‿əv ði ˈaɪsbɝɡ/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-au-tip of the iceberg.ogg

This is only the tip of the iceberg. Our time together can become much more exciting.

这只是冰山一角。我们在一起的时光可以变得更加精彩。

The exposed tip of the iceberg, the recognized illness that brings a man to his doctor, is relatively small compared with the hidden mass of undetected disease, or 'at risk' people, in the population.

暴露出来的冰山一角，即导致人们去看医生的已知疾病，与人群中未被发现的大量疾病或“高危”人群相比，相对较小。

1970，J. K. Brierley，“The Iceberg of Disease”, in Biology and the Social Crisis: A Social Biology for Everyman，第1st American版, Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press; Cranbury, N.J.: Associated University Presses, →ISBN，頁 117:

Records document nineteen legal cases involving the charge of sodomy and five executions from 1607 to 1740, although this is no doubt just the tip of the iceberg of actual incidents. Even the minimal evidence we do have suggests that ordinary people, in contrast to the ministers and legislators, did not always harshly judge people accused of same-sex sexuality.

记录显示，从1607年到1740年，有19起涉及鸡奸指控的法律案件和5起处决，尽管这无疑只是实际事件的冰山一角。即使我们掌握的最低限度的证据也表明，与牧师和立法者不同，普通人并不总是严厉地评判被指控同性恋的人。

1999，Leila J. Rupp，“In the Beginning: Same-sex Sexuality in Early America”, in A Desired Past: A Short History of Same-sex Love in America，Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN，頁 30:

[O]nly a tiny portion of disagreements—the proverbial tip of the iceberg—ever ends up in court. Most agreements drop out along the way, either because they are settled or because the allegedly wronged party decides that the potential costs of proceeding outweigh the potential benefits

只有一小部分（俗话说是冰山一角）分歧最终诉诸法庭。大多数协议在诉讼过程中被搁置，要么是因为已经达成和解，要么是因为据称受害的一方认为诉讼的潜在成本大于潜在收益

2001，Kathryn Hendley，“Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg: Business Disputes in Russia”, in Assessing the Value of Law in Transition Economies，Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, →ISBN，頁 20:

This collection is not even the tip of the human remains iceberg, according to Damien Huffer, an adjunct research professor at Carleton University in Canada. Collectors across the world have much larger collections than JonsBones, he said, and the trade far predates TikTok.

加拿大卡尔顿大学兼职研究教授达 Damien Huffer 表示，这些藏品甚至还只是人类遗骸的冰山一角。他说，世界各地的收藏家拥有的藏品比乔恩斯的藏品多得多，而且这种贸易远早于 TikTok 的出现。

2021年October10日，Caroline Anders，“A TikTok bone salesman’s wall of spines reignites ethical debate over selling human remains”, in The Washington Post:


execrate

源自拉丁語 exsecrārī、execrārī，源自 ex (“出”) + sacrāre (“奉献；注定毁灭或被诅咒”)。

execrates (third-person singular present)
execrating (present participle)
execrated (past participle)

/ˈɛɡzɪkɹeɪt/

And were I not a thing for you and me
 To execrate in angish, you would be
 As indigent a stranger to surprise,
 I fear, as I was once, and as unwise.

1932，Edwin Arlington Robinson，“Prodigal Son”, in Nicodemus:


detester

I exclaimed, with sparkling eyes and a rapturous accent, "you are not profligate; are a stranger to the manners of this house, and a detester of these manners?

1889，Charles Brockden Brown，Arthur Mervyn:

In a short time a jealous feud sprang up between the loving friends Rinaldo and Orlando; and Angelica, torn with conflicting emotions, from her dread on her father's account as well as her own, and her aversion to every knight but her detester, was at one time compelled to apply to Orlando for assistance, and at another, being afraid that he would have the better of Rinaldo in combat, to send him away on a perilous adventure elsewhere, with a promise of accepting his love should he succeed.

1846，Leigh Hunt，Stories from the Italian Poets= With Lives of the Writers, Vol. 2:

We give the fact as it occurs in Bannatyne's Journal, only premising that the Journalist held his master's opinions, both with respect to the Earl of Cassilis as an opposer of the king's party, and as being a detester of the practice of granting church revenues to titulars, instead of their being devoted to pious uses, such as the support of the clergy, expense of schools, and the relief of the national poor.


troppo

源自 tropical + -o (指小後綴)。最早由二戰時期在熱帶地區作戰的澳大利亞軍隊使用，意思是“受熱帶戰爭的影響”。

瘋狂的，發瘋的，行為怪異的（尤指因炎熱天氣引起的）

Barry′s gone troppo and married that sheila he′s only known for two weeks.

Barry 簡直瘋了，他跟認識才兩星期的女人結婚了。

After three months by himself on his ‘dream’ tropical island he went troppo and smashed all the equipment.

在他“梦想”的热带岛屿上独自待了三个月后，他发疯并砸坏了所有设备。

‘[…]She calls these rehearsals my singing lessons - but at least I don′t have people rushing in thinking I′ve gone troppo . . .’
‘Except me.’ Violet′s smile lingered as she gazed at him.

For a lone Digger gone troppo, as Joe is deemed to have done, it is a realistic scenario.

2009，Paul Tapp，Disquiet - the Justifiable Homicide of an Australian Vietnam Veteran，頁 121:

"[The Northern Territory has] got the same sort of flavour to it, probably a bit more frontier. Overall, it's the tropics and they go troppo. The beer's cold and the weather's hot and they drink too much.

2016年March15日，David Dale，“John Jarratt talks new show Territory Cops and a murderous return in Wolf Creek”, in The Sydney Morning Herald:


associate professor

China's current economic challenges will be an "important factor" in Mr Xi's negotiations and "would lead to a stronger desire to stabilise the economic, trade and investment relations with the US", Li Mingjiang, an associate professor at Singapore's S Rajaratnam School of International Studies, told the BBC.

新加坡拉惹勒南国际研究院副教授李明江向BBC表示，中国当前面临的经济挑战将成为习近平谈判的一个“重要因素”，并且“将促使中国更强烈地渴望稳定与美国的经济、贸易和投资关系”。

2023年November15日，Tessa Wong，“Xi Jinping arrives in US as his Chinese Dream sputters”, in BBC:


castor oil

/ˈkɑː.stə ˌɔɪl/

同類詞：olive oil、palm oil、更多相關詞

Every six months, spoonfuls of castor oil were administered to combat constipation.

每六个月，给孩子喂一勺蓖麻油来缓解便秘。

2020，Avni Doshi，Burnt Sugar，Hamish Hamilton，頁 127:


accrescent

源自拉丁語 accrescens、accrescentis（accrescere 的現在分詞），源自 ad + crescere (“生長，成長”)。

more accrescent (comparative)
most accrescent (superlative)

whose living growth is more and more conspicuous , and daily ornamented with new appearances of accrescent variety and alteration

1728，Samuel Shuckford，The Sacred and Profane History of the World:


slaying

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-slaying.wav

The slaying of the civil rights activist brought a storm of protest.

这位民权活动人士的遇害引发了强烈的抗议。

Slay not your children, fearing a fall to poverty, We shall provide for them and for you. Lo! the slaying of them is great sin.

你们不要因为怕贫穷而杀害自己的儿女，我供给他们和你们。杀害他们确是大罪。

1930，Marmaduke Pickthall（譯者）, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran, surah 17, verse 31:


punies

"Be-dabs, if the whole gin-works hain't got the punies. Even the mare tuck a spell today. She wouldn't eat corn nor shuck."

1980，James Still，The run for the Elbertas，頁 35:

Other days, when I tried to get up despite feeling weak, she would inform me that I had a case of "the punies" and ought to stay in the tank.

2003，Mark O'Brien with Gillian Kendall, How I became a human being: a disabled man's quest for independence，頁 152:

“I brung my boy. He's got the punies and I want the doc to take a look at him.”

2008，Carolyn Jourdan，Heart in the Right Place，頁 222:


arreca

areca的另一種拼寫法

The plain appears like paradiſe reſtored, where the proud cypreſs and tall arreca ſeem walking by the margin of the paſſing ſtream.

1769，Firishta，譯者 Alexander Dow, Tales translated from the Persian of Inatulla of Delhi，卷 I, Dublin: P. and W. Wilson et al.，頁 iv:


teju

tegu (“南美蜥蜴”)的另一種寫法

As a guide to start your collection we'd suggest either iguanas, tejus, swifts, basilisks, horned toads or alligator lizards.


sacrificer

In this you’have made the Court the Antipodes,
And will’d your Delegate, the vulgar Sunne,
To doe profane autumnall offices,
Whilst here to you, wee sacrificers runne;

1631，John Donne，“To the Countesse of Bedford”, in Poems，London: John Marriot, 出版於 1633, p:

[…] no sacrifice is valid unless the sacrificer lay his hand upon the head of the victim.

1908，Helen Keller，章號 3, in The World I Live In，New York: Century，頁 35:


satisfice

satisfy + suffice 組成的混成詞，由美國的政治學家、心理學家司馬賀在1956年造出。

satisfices (third-person singular present)
satisficing (present participle)
satisficed (past participle)

做出足以满足实现目标的最低要求的选择

Evidently, organisms adapt well enough to ‘satisfice’; they do not, in general, ‘optimize’.

1956，H[erbert] A. Simon，“Rational Choice and the Structure of the Environment”, in Psychological Review，卷 63, 期 2，頁 129:

[T]here are two contrasting types of decision-making mentalities, maximizing and satisficing. If you're choosing a marriage partner, you probably want to maximize. You want to find the very best person you are totally in love with. […] But politics is not like that. Politics is a prosaic activity most of the time. You probably want to satisfice, pick the person who's good enough, who seems reasonably responsible.

2015年December4日，David Brooks，“No, Donald Trump won't win [print version: International New York Times, 5–6 December 2015, page 9]”, in The New York Times，存檔自the original on 2015-12-16:


saltee

源自意大利語 soldo。

One day he would gather more than I in three; another, to hear his tale, it had rained kicks all day in lieu of “saltees,” and that is pennies.

1862，Charles Reade，The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages，頁 242:


reparent

reparents (third-person singular present)
reparenting (present participle)
reparented (past participle)

改变数据结构中对象的父级

If the client reparents the window away from root, the window is no longer a top-level window.

1995，Adrian Nye, David Flanagan，Programmer's supplement for release 6 of the X Window System:


religiolect

religio- + lect，由纽约大学希伯来语和犹太教研究教授本杰明·哈里 (Benjamin Hary) 创造。

宗教方言，宗教團體所使用的語言變體

A religiolect is a language variety with its own history and development, which is used by a religious community.

宗教方言是宗教团体使用的一种语言变体，具有其自身历史和发展。

2012，Benjimin Hary，“Judeo-Arabic as a Mixed Language”, in Middle Arabic and Mixed Arabic: Diachrony and Synchrony，Leiden, Boston: BRILL，頁 125:

For purposes of discussion and analysis, it is convenient to divide the history of the religiolect into the following periods: Pre-Islamic Judeo-Arabic, Early Judeo-Arabic (eighth/ninth to tenth centuries), Classical Judeo-Arabic (tenth and fifteenth centuries), and Contemporary Judeo-Arabic (twentieth century).

为了讨论和分析的目的，可以方便地将宗教方言的历史分为以下几个时期：前伊斯兰犹太-阿拉伯语、早期犹太-阿拉伯语（八/九至十世纪）、古典犹太-阿拉伯语（十和十五世纪）和当代犹太-阿拉伯语（二十世纪）。

2016，Benjimin Hary，“'Arabi Dyālna (Our Arabic): The History and Politics of Judeo-Arabic”, in Languages of Modern Jewish Cultures: Comparative Perspectives，Leiden, Boston: University of Michigan Press，頁 304:

A concept that I find perfectly captures the essence of Norse spirituality is that of a "religiolect". Just as a lialect encodes a local variant of speech, this term does the same for religion, combining belief and practice in a discrete package that could be activated in particular places or social situations.

2020，Neil Price，“Meeting the Others”, in The Children of Ash and Elm: A History of the Vikings，Penguin UK:

Creating an Indian nation or even just larger regional identifications with Indian states, remains quite a challenge. Thus, Mahatma Gandhi tried to develop what linguist Rocky Miranda calls a "middle language," accessible to Hindus and Muslims alike, e.g. by avoiding Sanskrit elements in his Hindi, while some Muslim intellectuals correspondingly reduced Arabic elements in their Urdu in order to bridge between the two closely related religiolects of Hindi and Urdu.

创建一个印度民族，甚至只是与印度各邦建立更大的区域认同，仍然是一项艰巨的挑战。因此，圣雄甘地试图发展语言学家洛基·米兰达所说的“中间语言”，让印度教徒和穆斯林都能使用，例如在他的印地语中避免使用梵语元素，而一些穆斯林知识分子则相应地减少了乌尔都语中的阿拉伯语元素，以便在印地语和乌尔都语这两种密切相关的宗教方言之间架起桥梁。

2014，Martin J. Wein, Benjamin Hary，“Meeting the Others”, in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam: Collaboration and Conflict in the Age of Diaspora，Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press:


B.C.

A group of eleven inscribed tablets of jade and stone, dating from about the sixth century B.C., is said to have been discovered around 1940 at Ch’in-yang, Honan.

据说1940年左右在河南沁阳发现了一组十一块刻有铭文的玉石碑，其年代约为公元前六世纪。

1962，Tsuen-hsuin Tsien，“Engravings on Stone and Jade [石刻与玉刻]”, in Written on Bamboo and Silk: the Beginnings of Chinese Books and Inscriptions [书于竹与帛：中国书籍与碑文的开端]，University of Chicago Press, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 84:

Several fragments of reddish-brown clay statuettes of the Hongshan culture, found at Dongshanzui in Kazuo county, Liaoning province and dating to 3500 B.C., all seem to be kneeling or seated figures of about half life-size or smaller.

辽宁省喀左县东山嘴出土了数件可追溯至公元前3500年的红山文化红褐色泥塑残片，全部为跪姿或坐姿，大小约为真人的一半或更小。

1997，Helmut Brinker，“On the Origin of the Human Image in Chinese Art [论中国艺术中人物形象的起源]”, in "Visions of Man in Chinese Art" with Selected Japanese Paintings [“中国艺术中的人物形象”附日本画选集]，Kaikodo, →ISBN, →OCLC，頁 28:

The following year ten thosuand Hsiung-nu cavalry invaded Shang-ku,⁹⁶ but in 121 B.C. General Huo Ch’ü-ping, at the head of ten thousand cavalry, setting off from Lung-hsi⁹⁷ marched for over one thousand li, crossed the Yen-chih Mountains,⁹⁸ and attacked the Hsiung-nu.

次年，一万名匈奴骑兵侵入上谷。公元前121年，将军霍去病率领一万骑兵，从陇西出发，行军千余里，越过焉支山，攻打匈奴。

2002，Nicola Di Cosmo，“From Peace to War: China's Shift from Appeasement to Military Engagement [从和平到战争：中国从绥靖政策到军事参与的转变]”, in Ancient China and Its Enemies: The Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History [古代中国及其敌人：东亚历史上游牧民族的崛起]，Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 239:

A Swedish geologist turned archaeologist, Johan Gunnar Andersson, for example led the project that led to the discovery of the “Peking Man” fossils, in the 1920s, at the site of Zhoukoudian, dating to circa 200,000 to 700,000 years ago, and also helped establish evidence of “prehistoric” culture, in the form of early painted ceramics at the Neolithic site of Yangshao, dating to circa 5,000 to 3,000 B.C.

中国考古学已进入黄金时代——西方却忽视了它

2021年May11日，Rowan K. Flad，“It’s a golden age for Chinese archaeology — and the West is ignoring it [中国考古学已进入黄金时代——西方却忽视了它]”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2021-05-11, PostEverything:


cag

不確定。同源詞包括低地蘇格蘭語 kag、kagg (“惹恼，悲伤”)。可能繼承自中古英語 caggen (“绑住，束缚”)，可能源自或與古諾爾斯語 kǫgurr (“被子，毯子，床罩，棺材布”) 有關。或可能與新挪威語 kjaka (“争吵，骚扰”) 有關。

cags (third-person singular present)
cagging (present participle)
cagged (past participle)

If a little petulance be discovered in SPRING's printed reply, perhaps it was cagged out of him by the very unceremonious manner of approach adopted by Langan and Reynolds […]

1824，Pierce Egan，Boxiana; Or, Sketches of Ancient and Modern Pugilism，頁 344:


cibai

Wah! This chibai lending her cunt to BN to help them win votes.

哇！這個賤人把屄借給國陣，幫他們贏得選票。

1999年November29日，Disgusted，“And now a few words from the bimbos...”, in soc.culture.malaysia (Usenet):

Woi cibai, this got nothing to do with NEP. So much hatred to anything "Malay" eh? You TIU NA SENG!!

喂賤人，這跟新經濟政策一點關係都沒有。就這麼恨“馬來”的東西嗎？我屌那星！

2001年August28日，sinkong，“Some Malay primary school teachers have poor attitude !!”, in soc.culture.malaysia (Usenet):

Okay, cibai: Tell it to *me* then that I need not study.

好的，賤人：跟*我*講吧，我不需要學習。

2004年February24日，Ahmad Sayuthi，“Re: Change our education system”, in soc.culture.malaysia (Usenet):

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:cibai。


patrocinate

源自拉丁語 patrocinatus，patrocinari (“贊助”) 的過去分詞。

patrocinates (third-person singular present)
patrocinating (present participle)
patrocinated (past participle)

But preach it up, and patrocinate it, prattle on it , and defend it as much as you will

1653-1693，Thomas Urquhart，The Works of Rabelais:


get in the way

gets in the way (third-person singular present)
getting in the way (present participle)
got in the way (past)
got in the way
gotten in the way

Ideology constantly gets in the way. For the Government, unions are militant "Trots" out to cause political trouble. For the unions, the private sector is a grasping, evil leech. Neither is true.

意识形态总是会成为阻碍。对于政府来说，工会是好战的“托派”，他们在政治上制造麻烦。对于工会来说，私营部门则是贪婪又邪恶的寄生虫。两者都不是事实。

2022年August24日，Nigel Harris，“Comment: Rail strikes deadlock [评论：铁路罢工陷入僵局]”, in RAIL，期 964，頁 3:


Wuzhishan

源自官話 五指山 (Wǔzhǐshān)的漢語拼音。

五指山（縣級市名，位於中國海南）。

On 30 April guerrillas led by LIN Hao-chun (林鵅群) raided and burned the bus terminal at T'ingan Hsien (110-46, 19-42). Large quantities of cement, gasoline, sugar, two trucks, and other supplies were also burned or destroyed, Anti-Communist guerrillas on Hainan are now based at Wuchihshan (109-27, 18-52).

4月30日，林鵅群率领的游击队袭击并焚烧了定安县（东经 110°46′，北纬 19°42′）的汽车总站。大量水泥、汽油、糖、两辆卡车和其他物资也被烧毁或摧毁。海南的反共游击队目前驻扎在五指山（东经 109°27′，北纬 18°52′）。

[1951年August17日，“Guerrilla Activities in South China [華南的游擊活動]”, in Information Report，Central Intelligence Agency, 出版於 2001:

Some cities in other provinces are also vaccinating children between three and 11. The city of Wuzhishan in the southern province of Hainan said on Tuesday that it plans to finish giving two doses to about 12,000 individuals in that age group by the end of December.

其他省份的一些城市也在为3至11岁的儿童接种疫苗。华南海南省的五指山市周二表示，计划在12月底前完成为该年龄段约12,000名儿童接种两剂疫苗。

2021年October26日，Roxanne Liu, Ryan Woo，“China's Zhejiang province seeks to vaccinate young kids by December [中国浙江省力争在12月前为幼儿接种疫苗]”, in Reuters，存檔自the original on 2021-10-26, Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals:


call it a day

來自早期的 call it half a day（最早見於1834年），意思是在工作日结束前离开。

calls it a day (third-person singular present)
calling it a day (present participle)
called it a day (past participle)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-call it a day.ogg

結束，停止，收手 （自 1919 年）

We have been at this for hours; let’s call it a day and come back tomorrow when we are fresh.

我們已經做了好幾個小時了，今天就到這裡吧，明天精神好的時候再來。

“Do you often go looking for mice in other people’s rooms?” “I wouldn’t say often. Just when the spirit moves me, don’t you know?” “I see. Well…” When people say “Well” to you like that, it usually means that they think you are outstaying your welcome and that the time has come to call it a day. She felt, I could see, that Woosters were not required in her son’s sleeping apartment […]

1960，P. G. Wodehouse，Jeeves in the Offing, chapter VIII:


Lunar New Year

在西方世界，本词通常用于指除传统中国历法之外的阴历/阴阳历（例如巴比伦历法、印度历法、伊斯兰历法和其他各种旧世界历法）的开始。对于东亚文化的新年（例如中国、蒙古、韩国或越南），无论其具体国籍，口语上多会称为“中国新年”，因为用阴历/阴阳历的东亚人当中，中国人/华人最常见。日本人是个例外，他们在明治维新后用公历取代了阴历。

2010年代以来，英语（尤其是在美国）中用“Lunar New Year”来称呼东亚文化新年的频率逐渐上升，因为其被认为比“中国新年”更能包容东亚的不同族群。

Photos obtained by CNN from an attendee at a village funeral in Cheng'an County in Hebei Province show mourners of all ages, including children, watching the performance.
The attendee, who asked not to be identified, said he was visiting family during the Lunar New Year holiday. While he was there, one of the elderly villagers died so he went to the funeral.

美国有线电视新闻网从河北省成安县一位参加农村葬礼的人士那里获得的照片显示，包括儿童在内的各个年龄段的哀悼者都在观看表演。
这位不愿透露姓名的参加者说，他在农历新年假期回乡探望家人，期间村里有位老人去世了，所以他去了葬礼。

2015年April24日，Euan McKirdy，“What a send-off: China's funeral strippers told to cover up [多么隆重的送别仪式：中国葬礼上的脱衣舞娘被要求穿好衣服]”, in CNN，存檔自the original on 2015-04-24: