triple point

A solid sublimes only when the pressure of its vapor is below that of the triple point for that substance.

2006，David B. Troy, Paul Beringer，Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, →ISBN，頁 179:

三相點：入射衝擊波、反射衝擊波、馬赫桿和一個滑流的交匯點

When the incident shock wave is at position “a” the second triple point, T, is still inside the zone where the vibrational degree of freedom has not yet reached its equilibrium and the dissociational degree of freedom is still frozen at that position, as its excitation can be assumed to start only after vibrational equilibrium is reached.

2007，Gabi Ben-Dor，Shock Wave Reflection Phenomena, →ISBN，頁 198:

A triple point may have a convex Mach stem, in which case the SS points upward.

2012，George Emanuel，Shock Wave Dynamics: Derivatives and Related Topics, →ISBN，頁 81:

One constant, however, is that the flow, just downstream of the incident shock, at a triple point, must be supersonic.

2015，George Emanuel，Analytical Fluid Dynamics, Third Edition, →ISBN，頁 130:

三相點：曲線和曲面延三條弧線相交的點

The number of the distinguished edges whose orientations point towards the triple point is exactly one, or exactly two.

1998，J. Scott Carter, Masahico Saito，Knotted Surfaces and Their Diagrams, →ISBN，頁 162:

A cubic surface with a triple point (a cubic cone) may or may not be rational.

2007，Rida T Farouki，Pythagorean-Hodograph Curves: Algebra and Geometry Inseparable, →ISBN:

三相點：囚錮鋒、冷鋒、暖鋒的交點

A further investigation is made of the reasonably-close relationship between some multiple tornado outbreaks in the British Isles and the passage of frontal-system triple points (TPs) using, principally, TORRO records and the hourly British Isles charts archived by the Meterorological Office at Bracknell.

1993，Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts:

...together at the point of occlusion, or triple point, where conditions are favorable for formation of a new cyclone, sometimes called a secondary cyclone.

2002，Joseph M. Moran，Online weather studies, →ISBN，頁 232:

The point where occluding starts is the triple point, because there are three air masses involved: that ahead of the occlusion, the warm air aloft, and the air behind the occlusion, or where the cold, warm and occluded fronts meet.

2013，Phil Croucher，Private Helicopter Pilot Studies JAA BW, →ISBN，頁 8-34:

三相點：乾線、外流邊界、冷鋒等兩條邊界的交點

Few, however, reach the African continent; some dissipate in the intertropical-front bulge east of southern Africa; others form triple points with the temperate fronts available for recurving anywhere between Australia and the Seychelles-Madagascar-Mascarenes (Reunion-Mauritius-Rodriguez) sector.

1947，Maurice Adolph Garbell，Tropical and Equatorial Meteorology，頁 205:

It is concluded that the severe storms formed in close proximity to a "triple point" (TP), at which a synoptic cold front and "insolation-enhanced" warm front intersected.

2006，The International Journal of Meteorology:

Such a 'piecrust model' has been used to explain the generation of triple points which can give rise to splitting of a continental body.

2003，Neville Price，Major Impacts and Plate Tectonics, →ISBN，頁 131:

Microstructures like static mineral growth, equilibrated grain boundaries with triple points especially in quartz and feldspar fabric and the lack of plastic crystal lattice deformations even in quartz indicate that metamorphism outlasted deformation.

2012，O. Oncken, C. Janssen，Basement Tectonics 11 Europe and Other Regions, →ISBN，頁 43:

End-member stable triple point configurations are indicated in which the triple point is fixed to the North or South American plates (dashed grey lines) or fixed to the Caribbean Plate (dotted grey lines).

2014，Duncan Keppie，The Analysis of Diffuse Triple Junction Zones in Plate Tectonics and the Pirate Model of Western Caribbean Tectonics, →ISBN，頁 24:


soundly

起於約1400年，源自 sound + -ly。本義為“安全地”。現有義項起於16世紀。

more soundly (comparative)
most soundly (superlative)

He was soundly thrashed by the semi-professional boxer.

他被半职业拳击手狠狠地揍了一顿。

I slept quite soundly last night.

The wedding company, fatigued with their enjoyment of the previous night, slept soundly late into the next morning.

1899，William George Aston，A History of Japanese Literature，頁 272:

My gold carried little weight with him, he was sincerely fond of me and consequently rated me soundly for all indiscretions, declaring I would regret wasting the best years of my life and deadening my vast talents […]

1911, L. D. Biagi, The Centaurians, Ch. I:


sugarcoat

源自 sugar + coat；比喻義來自給藥片裹上糖，以掩蓋其不好味道的做法（sugarcoating the pill）。

sugarcoats (third-person singular present)
sugarcoating (present participle)
sugarcoated (past participle)

/ˈʃʊɡɚˌkoʊt/

/ˈʃʊɡəˌkəʊt/

candy-coat

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

gild

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

gild the pill

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

sugarcoat the pill

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

使到事情在表面上（比較真實情況）更具吸引力

There's no way to sugarcoat the loss of the space shuttle; it was an unmitigated disaster.

航天飞机的损失是无法掩盖的；这是一场彻头彻尾的灾难。

I went to the unheard-of trouble of re-writing the letter and saying the same harsh things softly, so as to sugarcoat the anguish and make it a little more endurable […]

我付出了前所未有的努力，重写了这封信，并温和地说出了同样严厉的话，以掩盖痛苦，使其更容易忍受{ […]

1876年November1日，Mark Twain，“Letter to Mr. Burrough, of St. Louis”, in The Letters Of Mark Twain,，卷 3:

[…] And I don't think we can sugarcoat both the human toll that is unfolding in Ukraine, but also how it is reordering the international architecture in ways that we haven't seen in decades.

[…] 我认为，我们无法掩盖乌克兰事件造成的人员伤亡，以及它如何以几十年来未曾见过的方式改变国际格局。

2022年March23日，Barack Obama，片头起2:52, in Centennial Celebration Conversation with President Barack Obama and Yo-Yo Ma，Chicago Council on Global Affairs, 經由 YouTube:

"The insurgents killed them all?"
"Very likely." Scout's expression was kindly, but he was apparently not the sort to sugarcoat things. Then again, maybe he had simply read her receptivity well.

2023年October12日，HarryBlank，“Fire in the Hole”, in SCP Foundation，存檔自the original on 2024-09-02:


prim

源自 普羅旺斯方言 prim (“細膩、優秀”)，源自古法語 prim，prin，源自:Template:lena 拉丁語 primus (“首先”)。prime 的同源對似詞。

primmer (comparative)
primmest (superlative)

God damn it, what does she want of me, this sad, beautiful bridgeplayer of the Fifth Floor, with her air of lost love and her prim carnality? After seven years of her, Brotherhood still had no idea. He'd be out touring the stations, he'd be in Bongabonga land. He'd not speak or write to her for months. Yet he'd hardly unpacked his toothbrush before she was in his arms, demanding him with her sad and hungry eyes.


raisin

繼承自中古英語 raysyn，借自盎格魯-諾曼語 reysin (“葡萄，葡萄乾”)，源自晚期拉丁語 racīmus，源自拉丁語 racēmus。可能與波斯語 رز (raz，“藤蔓”)有較遠的關係。raceme 的同源對似詞。

在美國，raisin 泛指任何種類的葡萄乾。

在英國、澳洲和新西蘭，raisin 專用於指大黑葡萄，sultana 指大白葡萄，currant 指小顆的黑桑特醋栗。

Some of the fruit had turned black and shrunken — becoming, effectively, absurdly high-cost raisins.

有些果实已经变黑、萎缩——实际上变成了成本高得离谱的葡萄干。

2021年July18日，Christopher Flavelle，“Scorched, Parched and Now Uninsurable: Climate Change Hits Wine Country”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


raisin

raisins (third-person singular present)
raisining (present participle)
raisined (past participle)

Second-crop fruit tends to show smaller clusters than first-crop, to have a high skin-to-juice ratio, and to be a good blending tool, according to Iantosca, although care must be exercised to ensure that the second-crop berries have not raisined.

Iantosca 表示，二茬水果往往比第一茬果实的果簇更小，皮汁比高，是一种很好的混合工具，但必须小心谨慎，以确保二茬浆果不会变干燥。

2008，John Winthrop Haeger，Pacific Pinot Noir:


Abuja

阿布賈，阿布札（首都名，位於尼日利亞）。

We’ll have to wait here all night till the mobile police arrives from Abuja, a distance of 350 kilometres.

我们必须在这里等一整夜，直到机动警察从相距350公里的阿布贾赶来。

2023，Stephen Buoro，The Five Sorrowful Mysteries of Andy Africa，Bloomsbury Circus，頁 96:


accelerator

* 1611年初次使用。
* (機動車)： 1900年首次使用。
* accelerate + -or

If they had allowed single-character accelerators, Windows wouldn't be able to determine whether the character was input or a shortcut.

2002，Davis Howard Chapman，Sams Teach Yourself Visual C++ .NET in 21 Days，頁 187:


Aladdin

源自阿拉伯語 عَلَاءُ الدِّين (ʕalāʔu d-dīn，“信仰的尊贵”)。

Aladdin, of the former dynasty [Khilji], subdued nearly all the Deccan, about 1312; [...]

前朝的（阿拉乌德丁·）阿拉丁在约1312年征服了几乎整个德干地区； […]

1876，Edward Augustus Freeman，The History and Conquests of the Saracens: Six Lectures Delivered Before the Edinburgh Philosophical Institution:

Orkhan, valuing his brother's knowledge, appointed him Grand Vizier. Aladdin was not an expert in warlike affairs, and turned his attention to the internal improvement of the dominion [...]

奥尔汗很看重弟弟的知识，任命他为大宰相。阿拉丁并不擅长战争事务，而是将注意力转向了改善国内 […]

1912，Alexander W. Hidden，The Ottoman Dynasty，頁 12:

阿拉丁（阿拉伯故事及故事的男主人公）

“Nay, never mind that,” said Aladdin, “tell thy story, friend, as best thou mayst.”

“不用了，别介意，”阿拉丁说，“朋友，尽你所能，讲出你的故事吧。”

1895，Howard Pyle，“Not a Pin to Choose”, in Twilight Land:


cadi

qadi (“某些伊斯蘭國家的民事法官”)的另一種寫法

[…] look at these Christians closely, and you will abhor them. They are the worshippers of gold, not the followers of Alla. The poorest Mussulman has more hospitality than their Cadi; more charity than their Imans; more honesty than their Viziers.

1819，Henry Tudor Farmer，Imagination; the Maniac's Dream: And Other Poems，頁 157:


cheerio

/ˈtʃɪəɹ.i.əʊ/

/ˈt͡ʃɪəɹ.i.oʊ/

在北美很少使用。儘管其他人可能可以理解，但這個詞可能被視作幽默用法，且可能被用來模仿英式英語使用者。

"In that case," said Archie, relieved, "cheerio, good luck, pip-pip, toodle-oo, and good-bye-ee! I'll be shifting!"

「這樣的話，」阿奇鬆了口氣，「再見，祝你好運，再見，再見，再見！我要走了！」

1921，P. G. Wodehouse，Indiscretions of Archie, ch. XIII. Rallying Round Percy:

But we all knew it wasn't the final end of the HST. This wasn't "goodbye", more like a "cheerio", see you someplace soon.

但我們都知道這並不是 HST 的最終結束。 這不是「goodbye」，更像是「cheerio」很快就會在某個地方見到你。

2019年October23日，Pip Dunn，“The next king of Scotland”, in Rail，頁 50:

Cheerio, everybody! What a delightful gathering of charming femininity!

大家好！多麼令人愉悅的、迷人女性氣質的聚會！


cheerio

/ˈtʃɪəɹ.i.əʊ/

/ˈt͡ʃɪəɹ.i.oʊ/

一種小香腸，在聚會上經常搭配番茄醬一起食用

The man who has gone around the cocktail circuit pounding cheerios to the end of time did not come in here and open his mouth once on the Bill.

1978，New Zealand. Parliament. House of Representatives，Parliamentary Debates，頁 4230:


Chilean

The Chilean Amphijubula Schust. (Schuster, 1970a) which has the facies of a small Frullania and agrees with Frullania in leaf insertion and branching, has a nontiered seta with 16 epidermal cell rows surrounding 4 inner rows.

1992年，魯道夫馬蒂亞斯舒斯特，The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian，卷 V, 伊州芝加哥: 菲爾德自然史博物館, →ISBN，頁 6:


cartomancy

These travelling magicians [...] rarely penetrated more deeply into magic than cartomancy, palmistry and the like.

1936，Rollo Ahmed，The Black Art，London: Long，頁 91:


civet

來自法語 civette，來自意大利語 zibetto，來自中世紀拉丁語 zibethum，來自阿拉伯語 زَبَاد (zabād)。

LEONATO. Indeed he looks younger than he did, by the loss of a beard.

1599, William Shakespeare, Much Ado About Nothing, Act 3 Scene 2

Your onely way to make a good pomander, is this. Take an ownce of the pureſt garden mould, clenſed and ſteeped ſeauen daies in change of motherleſſe roſe water, then take the beſt Labdanum, Benioine, both Storaxes, amber greece, and Ciuet, and muſke, incorporate them together, and work them into what form you pleaſe; this, if your breath bee not to valiant, will make you ſmell as ſweete as my Ladies dogge.

1607，[attributed to Thomas Tomkis]，Lingva: Or The Combat of the Tongue, and the Five Senses for Superiority. A Pleasant Comœdie.，London: Printed by G[eorge] Eld, for Simon Waterson, →OCLC, Act IV, scene iii:


catamaran

借自泰米爾語 கட்டுமரம் (kaṭṭumaram)，來自கட்டு (kaṭṭu，“繫”) + மரம் (maram，“樹，木頭”)。

音頻（加拿大口音，合成）

Swift over the seas the vessel drives; Madras appears in sight. The first object catching the eye, upon the anchor being cast, was an Indian upon his catamaran, who, making a sudden motion, sprung to the side of the ship, grappled there for a moment, and the next was on the deck.

1838，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，Duty and Inclination，卷 II, London: Henry Colburn，頁 218:

She meddles with my prescriptions for your wife; she doctors the infant in private: you'll never have a quiet house or a quiet wife as long as that old Catamaran is here.

1889，William Makepeace Thackeray，Hobson's Choice:


catlike

more catlike (comparative)
most catlike (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-catlike.wav

緩慢的，謹慎的，安靜的，隱密的

With cat-like tread,
 Upon our prey we steal;
In silence dread,
 Our cautious way we feel.

1879，W. S. Gilbert，The Pirates of Penzance, Act II:


cellar

繼承自中古英語 celer, seler，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 celer, 古法語 celier（現代cellier），來自晚期拉丁語 cellārium，來自拉丁語 cella。cellarium 的同源對似詞。

cellars (third-person singular present)
cellaring (present participle)
cellared (past participle)

Mr. VandenBerghe says he’s cellared such memorable bottles as the Batch 1 Adam from Hair of the Dog, a 14-year-old ale from Portland, Ore., that’s 10 percent alcohol, and the Trappistes Rochefort 10, a Quadrupel Belgian ale that peaks around age 10.

2008年June25日，Lucy Burningham，“Beer Lovers Make Room for Brews Worth a Wait”, in New York Times:


cephalosporin

/kɛfələʊˈspɔəɹɪn/

Another important group of antibiotics, the cephalosporins, a class that includes more than twenty-five different drugs, are chemically distinct from the penicillins but act in the same way as cell wall inhibitors, as do vancomycin and bacitracin.

另一類重要抗生素「頭孢菌素」包含超過25種不同藥物，其化學結構與青黴素不同，但與萬古黴素和桿菌肽相同，均通過抑制細胞壁發揮作用。

2001，Leslie Iversen，Drugs: A Very Short Introduction，Oxford，頁 63:


clinical

more clinical (comparative)
most clinical (superlative)

Remarkably United’s 10 men almost salvaged an improbable draw during a late, spirited challenge. They showed great competitive courage in that period and there were chances for Robin van Persie, Ángel Di María and Marouane Fellaini to punish City for defending too deeply and not being more clinical with their opportunities at the other end.

November 2 2014, Daniel Taylor, "Sergio Agüero strike wins derby for Manchester City against 10-man United," guardian.co.uk

Fly-half Jonny Wilkinson put his below-par performance against Argentina behind him with a fine first-half showing, slotting four kicks from six and controlling his back-line with aplomb, while England's three-quarters were brimming with life and clinical with their execution.

2011年September24日，Ben Dirs，“Rugby World Cup 2011: England 67-3 Romania”, in BBC Sport:


cloaca

借自拉丁語 cloāca (“下水道”)，來自cluō (“潔淨”)。

The Thames, polluted with the filthy effusions of the cloacae.

泰晤士河被阴沟里流出的污秽物所污染。

After working an hour, I began to speculate on the distance one had to go before the cloaca was reached the chances we had of missing it altogether.

1898，H.G. Wells，The War of the Worlds，London: William Heinemann，頁 266:

In birds the rectum, at the termination of its canal, forms an oval or elongated pouch […] and then expands into a cavity, which has been named cloaca.

鸟类的直肠在其管道末端形成一个椭圆形或细长的囊 […] 然后扩展成一个腔体，被称为泄殖腔。

1822，John Mason Good，The Study of Medicine，卷 I，頁 7:

To every house […] a cloaca.

每家每户 […] 都有廁所。

1840，Frederick Marryat，章號 XXIV, in Olla Podrida:

Only think of that cloaca being supplied daily with such dainty bibliographical treasures!

1880，William Blades，The Enemies of Books，頁 55:

Across this shell [sc. of bone] small holes are eaten, by which the matter escapes, and which are called cloacae (Weidmann).

1846，Joseph François Malgaigne，譯者 Frederick Brittan, Manual of Operative Surgery，頁 172:


cloak-and-dagger

仿譯自法語 de cape et d'épée (“披風與劍”)；首次用於1840年。法語短語最初描述的是一種戲劇類型，其中主要角色穿著披風並持劍。1840年，亨利·華茲華斯·朗費羅使用了「cloak and sword」這個詞，而一年後查尔斯·狄更斯選擇了「cloak and dagger」。

covert

（常指間諜、故事等）神秘離奇的，詭秘的

clandestine

（常指間諜、故事等）神秘離奇的，詭秘的

undercover

（常指間諜、故事等）神秘離奇的，詭秘的

（常指間諜、故事等）神秘離奇的，詭秘的

Israel wages cloak-and-dagger war on Iran [headline]

2009年February18日，Philip Sherwell, Dina Kraft，“Israel wages cloak-and-dagger war on Iran”, in The Age:


criminological

more criminological (comparative)
most criminological (superlative)

In my own opinion, “criminal religious movements” (CRMs) is a more accurate and useful category than “cults.” It uses, although selectively, elements from the criminological tradition. It avoids the word “cult” and tries to disentangle the category from both the folk psychology of brainwashing and the politics of “extremism” in theology.

2023年March29日，Beatriz Caiuby Labate，Clancy Cavnar，Religious Freedom and the Global Regulation of Ayahuasca，Taylor & Francis, →ISBN:


conqueror

繼承自中古英語 conquerour，源自古法語 conquereor，源自 conquerre。By surface analysis, conquer + -or。

/ˈkɒŋˌkə.ɹə/

Croatia, England's World Cup semi-final conquerors in Moscow in July, looked set to inflict their curse once more and relegate Gareth Southgate's side from the elite group when Andrej Kramaric's twisting finish put them ahead via a deflection off Eric Dier after 57 minutes.

2018年November18日，Phil McNulty，“England 2 - 1 Croatia”, in BBC Sport:


consequential

more consequential (comparative)
most consequential (superlative)

The more profound and consequential the issue, the more stubborn our denial.

2023年September18日，Charles Hugh Smith，The Peculiar Power of Denial:


crosshair

I'm just a crosshair / I'm just a shot away from you

2004，Franz Ferdinand (band) （作曲作詞）, “Take Me Out”, in Franz Ferdinand:


crosshair

crosshairs (third-person singular present)
crosshairing (present participle)
crosshaired (past participle)

Watching hopefully for a buck to come along behind the does, I eyed them through the scope of the borrowed .243. From time to time, I crosshaired the vital areas .

1970，Nebraskaland - Volume 48, Issues 8-49，頁 21:

The next moment it was crosshaired by the electronic sights .

That's when Dad noticed one of P. V.'s deputies standing behind a truck about a hundred feet away, crosshairing a rifle straight at him.

2011，Carolyn Dennis-Willingham，No Hill for a Stepper，頁 234:

A red glowing reticle crosshaired whatever the laser's muzzle was pointed at, together with flickering numbers giving range, bearing, and probable targetID.

2014，Ian Douglas，The Complete Legacy Trilogy:

She fired a smile at him, the likes of which he hadn't seen in years—since Meg, in fact, had crosshaired him at the junior prom with one of those flirtations that he never would've believed the president of the Methodist Girls' Youth Group was capable of.

My kinfolks had crosshaired in on the truth of the world.

2004，The Iron Mountain Review - Volume 20，頁 24:

Shell-shocked, babies and children smothered the instinct to cry and clammed to backs and shoulders and the heldout hand, brave as their parents clinging to the hope of return to their homes crosshaired by the demolition man, as they sought cover under leaves in a shuddering forest.


coelacanth

來自新拉丁語屬名Coelacanthus，來自古希臘語 κοῖλος (koîlos，“空心”) + ἄκανθα (ákantha，“脊”)，指的是1839年路易·阿加西發現的化石標本尾鰭呈空心射線。

cœlacanth (alternative)
coelacanths (plural)

Among them were ancient relatives of the piranhas and those popular aquarium fish the tetras, along with garfish and freshwater coelacanths, known as mawsonids.

2018，Tim Flannery，Europe: A Natural History，頁 32:


cogeneration

The book project is part of a larger effort by Future Earth to build mechanisms for cogeneration of knowledge […]

2018，Thomas Elmqvist，The Urban Planet: Knowledge Towards Sustainable Cities，頁 xxix:


cohabitant

Even the discoveries, in the past several decades, that cats carry a parasite that could contribute to schizophrenia, and that outdoor cats wreak ecological disaster, haven’t budged a curiously imbalanced relationship with this furry companion—or maybe cohabitant is more accurate.

2016年November13日，Britt Peterson，“The Case Against Cats”, in The Atlantic:


cult

Two former cult members explain the difficulties they had extricating themselves from it.

"Screw cults' views!" shouted the counterprotestors repeatedly.

Werner Erhard's highly successful est cult is partly derived from Scientology. Erhard had some experience with Scientology in 1969. Then he worked for a while in Mind Dynamics, itself an offshoot of Jose Silva's Mind Control.

1985，Rodney Stark，Religious movements: Genesis, Exodus, and Numbers，Paragon House Publishers, →ISBN，頁 167:

There are scores of modern religious cults and sects that have been influenced by Hinduism to varying degrees. Werner Erhard, founder of 'Landmark Education's 'The Forum',' and 'est' seminars, which have about 700,000 graduates, was influenced by Hinduism through Swami Muktananda, one of Erhard's principal gurus.

1996，John Ankerberg, John Weldon，Encyclopedia of New Age Beliefs，Harvest House Publishers, →ISBN，頁 216:

Outsiders often criticize the extreme commitment of group members. But what is really happening is that leader and followers are conspiring to realize a vision that is falsified daily. For the cult is not paradise, and the leader is not God. Hence the follower is embattled; to squarely confront the many failings of the leader and the group is to call into question one's own great work. Only by daily recommitting himself can the follower continue to work toward his ultimate goal. Each follower works out a secret compromise, acknowledging some things while denying or distorting others. Clearly this is a high-risk strategy that may go awry.

1997，Len Oakes，“Followers and Their Quest”, in Prophetic charisma: The Psychology of Prophetic Charisma，Syracuse University Press, →ISBN，頁 137:

The difference between a cult and an established religion is sometimes about one generation.

1998年June17日，Scott McLemee，“Rethinking Jonestown”, in Salon.com:

If Jones' People's Temple wasn't a cult, then the term has no meaning.

Another potent element of the new cult milieu was the therapy sect, which offered believers the chance to achieve their full human potential through personal growth and self-actualization by taking total responsibility for one's actions. The prototypical movement of this kind was est (Erhard Seminar Training), in which intense and often grueling sessions forced followers to confront a new view of reality.

2000，Philip Jenkins，Mystics and Messiahs : Cults and New Religions in American History，London: Oxford University Press, →ISBN，頁 180:

He sounds like a cult leader about to demand his followers drink poison. And it frankly doesn’t help that he looks like Jim Jones to a genuinely creepy degree.

2016年November6日，“Multilevel Marketing”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver，季数 3, 集数 29, John Oliver (actor), 經由 HBO:

Marc Andreessen, a venture capitalist who has become one of Silicon Valley's most outspoken opponents of regulation, has described people who warn of existential risks from AI as a cult, no different from other millenarian movements that warn of impending social disasters.

2023年November25日，Richard Waters, John Thornhill，引 Marc Andreessen, “Tech's philosophical rift over AI”, in FT Weekend, Big Read，頁 6:


cupcake

Whatever else this cupcake might be up to, she was no piker.

不管這個小甜心還想幹什麼，她都不是個膽小鬼。

2006，Thomas Pynchon，Against the Day，Vintage, 出版於 2007，頁 604:

“Listen, cupcake,” Cash tried to soothe. “Sometimes when grownups get mad, they say things they don't mean. I'm sure your mother—”

「聽著，小甜心，」卡許試圖安撫她。「有時候大人生氣的時候，會說出一些他們本意不想說的話。我相信你的媽媽——」


cupcake

cupcakes (third-person singular present)
cupcaking (present participle)
cupcaked (past participle)

調情；以充滿愛意或親密的方式交談或行動

I watched Brian as he drove off down the street. I turned and went back inside the studio and found Len at my desk. “I saw you and Brian cupcaking out there.”

我看著 Brian 開車離開街道。我轉身回到工作室，發現 Len 在我的桌子旁。「我看到你和布萊恩在外面調情。」

2011，Deontra Woods，Blood, Sweat and Tears，頁 102:

But I figured Najah was cupcaking with Johan, Chelsea was eating something that didn't match while Greg rubbed her feet, and Kalena wasn't in a space to talk or listen.

但我猜 Najah 正在和 Johan 調情，Chelsea 在 Greg 幫她揉腳的時候吃著不搭調的東西，而 Kalena 則沒有心思說話或聆聽。

2013，Michelle Robinson，Right Before My Eyes II，頁 100:

She said, “You're always Cupcaking.” I replied, “I'm not cupcaking. I'm enjoying my conversation so hush.” David and I would stay on the phone all night and talk. It was normal for us.

她說：「你總是在調情。」我回答：「我沒有在調情。我只是享受我的對話，所以安靜點。」大衛和我會整晚打電話聊天。對我們來說這是很正常的。

2014，Zaneeya S.，Overcoming My Past，頁 170:

“Luck is cupcaking on Myanna.”
His eyebrows shot up. “Cupcaking?”
“Old man.” She giggled. “Crushing. Your boy has a big time crush on Myanna.”

「Luck 在和 Myanna 調情。」
他的眉毛挑了起來。「調情？」
「老男人。」她咯咯笑著。「暗戀。你的男孩對 Myanna 很有好感。」

Let's review the tale of the tape: My best friend is being held hostage, I boosted his ride and mobile, then cupcaked with a heater-packing widow-maker.

讓我們回顧一下這個故事：我的好朋友被劫持了，我搶了他的車和手機，然後還和一個帶槍的寡婦製造者調情。

2018，Carlos Bayne，Napkin Nights: The Crunk Chronicles:

“I have thought of nothing but you for many days.” / Leticia actually blushed. “You cupcaking me?”

「我已經好幾天只想著你了。」 / Leticia 居然臉紅了。「你在跟我調情嗎？」

2016，Janey Mack，章號 35, in Choked Up，New York, N.Y.: Kensington Books, →ISBN，頁s 247–248:

“Quit cupcaking me, sugar.” / She was sure she was imagining the warmth in his deep, crinkly eyes, but her belly did a flip and high-fived her heart, as though she truly had succeeded in making him like her.

「別再跟我調情了，甜心。」/她確信自己正在想像他深邃、皺紋滿布的眼睛裡的溫暖，但她的肚子卻翻了個身，在心裡擊掌，彷彿她真的成功讓他喜歡上了她。

2016，Pippa Grant writing as Jamie Farrell，Sugared (Misfit Brides; 4), →ISBN:

Juan winks at her. "Sorry about my language. The shock paralyzed my thinking and tongue." / She smiles brightly. "No worries. I'm a nurse. I've heard it all." / Is Juan cupcaking the She-Ra, Princess of Power?

Juan 朝她眨了眨眼睛。「對不起，我說錯話了。驚嚇麻痺了我的思維和舌頭。」 / 她燦爛地笑了。 「不用擔心，我是名護士，我什麼都聽過。」/ Juan 在和神力女超人希瑞調情嗎？

2018，Carlos Bayne，Napkin Nights: The Crunk Chronicles，[Morrisville, N.C.]: [Lulu.com], →ISBN, Chronicle VII, Chapter 2，頁 131:

把杯子蛋糕壓碎在……上；用杯子蛋糕覆蓋……

After waving and smiling a quick farewell, I turned back on my way out of the lunchroom – and ran smack into Rusty Kuznevoy, flattening his chocolate cupcake against his chest.[…]Rusty saw the smirk, and I appeared to be snickering at the toughest kid in fourth grade seconds after cupcaking him.[…]Maybe he’d forgotten all about being cupcaked?[…]I recalled my vow of supremacy from last year, the one I’d made just before I cupcaked Rusty, and I reasoned that my science project could also bring me some redemption for the events of yesterday.

在揮手微笑道別之後，我回頭走出午餐室──正好撞上 Rusty Kuznevoy，把他的巧克力杯子蛋糕壓在胸口上。 […] Rusty 看見了我的傻笑，而我在用杯子蛋糕砸了他之後，似乎還在對這個四年級最強悍的孩子冷笑。也許他忘記了被杯子蛋糕砸的一切？ […] 我想起了去年的誓言，那是我在用杯子蛋糕砸 Rusty 之前立下的誓言，我想我的科學專案也可以為我昨天的事帶來一些救贖。

2008，T. David Lee，108th Street，New York, N.Y.: Eloquent Books, →ISBN，頁s 60, 61, 169, and 199:

So Colin crouched down, allowing her to smash a slightly used cupcake against his nose.[…]Avery took the aprons from him, carefully folding them so more crumbs wouldn’t fall to the already cupcaked snow.

Colin 蹲下來，讓她把一個用過的小蛋糕砸在他的鼻子上。 […] Avery 從他手中接過圍裙，小心翼翼地折好，以免更多的碎屑掉到被杯子蛋糕砸了的雪地上。

2016，Rachel Hauck，A Royal Christmas Wedding (The Royal Wedding Series)，Zondervan，頁s 92–93:

She grabs another cupcake and quickly smushes it into the side of my face. I put down the camcorder and get her back. We’re now decorated in pink and white frosting. “I want a selfie of us,” she says. I pick up the camera and record us, cupcaked faces squeezed together, as we crack up.

她抓起另一個杯子蛋糕，迅速地把它抹到我的臉上。我放下攝影機，把她帶回來。我們現在用粉紅色和白色的糖霜裝飾。「我想要一張我們的自拍照，」她說。我拿起相機記錄我們，被杯子蛋糕砸了的臉擠在一起，我們開懷大笑。

2016，Christina Hoag，Girl on the Brink，Fire and Ice, →ISBN，頁 11:

Got any diabetes jokes you can share with readers? “I never got bullied the same as other kids—my house never got egged. It got cupcaked.” —Geoff Grant (Las Vegas, Nevada)

有什麼糖尿病的笑話可以分享給讀者嗎？「我從來沒有像其他孩子那樣被欺負過——我家從來沒有被雞蛋扔過。它被杯子蛋糕砸過。」——Geoff Grant（內華達州拉斯維加斯）

2016，Brian King，The Laughing Cure，Skyhorse Publishing, →ISBN:

“[…]That was after I cupcaked him.” Dead silence greeted her. It ticked on for a few seconds as Nicolette yanked her cupcake-covered T-shirt off and tossed it onto her bathroom floor. “Are you there?” “Yes. I’m trying to figure out if I had a brain aneurysm or if I heard you right,” returned Clara. “Clara!” Nicolette squeaked. “I need your advice right now.” “On what part? The bringing-home-a-guy-to-have-sex-with or the Viking-cake bit?” “Not a Viking cake. A Viking covered in cake—erm, cupcake,” stressed Nicolette.

「……那是在我把杯子蛋糕砸到他身上之後」。迎接她的是死一般的寂靜。沉默了幾秒鐘後，妮可萊特把她那件沾滿蛋糕的T恤扯了下來，扔到了浴室的地板上。「你還在嗎？」「在，我正在想我是得了腦動脈瘤還是沒聽錯。」克拉拉回道。「克拉拉！」妮可萊特尖叫。「我現在需要你的建議。」「哪方面？帶男人回家做愛的部分還是維京蛋糕那部分？」「不是維京蛋糕。是被蛋糕上覆蓋的維京人，呃，是杯子蛋糕。」妮可兒強調。

2018，Mandy M. Roth，Act of Brotherhood (Paranormal Security®= and Intelligence® (Psi-Ops®) an Immortal Ops® World Novel)，Raven Happy Hour, →ISBN:

“I cupcaked her.” “You did what?” “I cupcaked her. It was red velvet. I should’ve used a vanilla one, but I already picked a red velvet one.” “A cupcake.” “They had cupcakes for the birthday party. There was juice, too, but I didn’t have any. It had chunks.” “I don’t understand. What does that mean, you cupcaked her?” “You know, like I mashed a cupcake on her. In her face. Like at weddings and stuff.”

「我把杯子蛋糕砸在她身上了。」「你做了什麼？」「我把杯子蛋糕砸在她身上了。是紅絲絨味的。我應該用香草味的，但我已經選了紅絲絨的。」「一個杯子蛋糕。」「他們為生日派對準備了杯子蛋糕。也有果汁，但我沒喝。果汁裡有果肉。」「我不明白。你說把杯子蛋糕砸在她身上是什麼意思？」「你知道的，就像婚禮上那樣，把杯子蛋糕砸在她臉上。」

2018，Alex Grecian，The Saint of Wolves and Butchers，G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →ISBN:

The 28th straight win to open the season was greeted with cupcakes purchased by parents who made the spring break trip to Hawaii. “We cupcaked Murph’s face,” catcher Reagan Dykes said. “He didn’t seem too happy about that.” Confirmed. “I ran away from them too,” Murphy said. “I got one in the earhole. I smelled the frosting for like 12 hours.”

為了迎接開季的第28場連勝，春假期間前往夏威夷的家長們特意購買了杯子蛋糕。「我們把杯子蛋糕砸在 Murphy 的臉上。」捕手 Reagan Dykes 說。「他看起來不太高興。」Murphy 證實了這點。「我也從他們身邊跑開了。」Murphy 說。「我的耳朵裡進了一塊。我好像聞了12個小時的糖霜味。」

2019年March21日，Michael Casagrande，“The story behind Alabama softball’s record 31-0 start”, in AL.com:

“Being an independent coach sure, I cupcaked my schedule,” said McGuire.

「作為一名獨立教練，當然，我輕鬆安排了我的時間表。」McGuire 說。

1981年January28日，Mike Fish，“College basketball — the power’s at…: UCLA rules, but ACC top conference”, in The Kansas City Times，頁 D-3:

After John Garr popped out, Jeff Ward cupcaked a ball to short for a forceout and Black scored.

在 John Garr 出局後，Jeff Ward 輕鬆地將球傳到游擊手位置進行封殺，Black 得分。

1988年July19日，Jack Oakley，“Modified battle is for 2nd”, in The Register，卷 110, 期 221，頁 2B:

A&M also tackles Louisiana State and Tulsa and further cupcaked its campaign by arranging a game with Division I-AA Middle Tennessee State so it would have a sixth home game, moving Southwestern Louisiana back a year.

A&M 還與路易斯安那州立大學和塔爾薩大學交手，並藉由安排與I-AA 級中田納西州立大學的比賽進一步鞏固了自己的優勢，這樣它就有了第六個主場，而將西南路易斯安那州立大學的主場延後了一年。

1995年April15日，Kirk Bohls，“A mere 56 years later, Aggies will take 2nd title”, in Austin American-Statesman，頁 C1:

The Tigers have cupcaked their way to a 10-0 start against giant killers like Arkansas State, Monmouth and Charleston Southern.

老虎隊在對陣阿肯色州立大學、蒙茅斯大學和查爾斯頓南方大學這些強隊時，輕鬆地以10勝0敗的成績開局。

2006年December12日，Keith Jarrett，“Great record might not help Tigers”, in Asheville Citizen-Times，卷 137, 期 346，頁 E4:

“I cupcaked the bitch!”

2014年August28日，Seth Stevenson，“Who’d Pay £600M to Watch This?”, in The Independent，期 8,701，頁 38:

“Competitively, I want to play yesterday. I know if I had to go out there and lace ’em up and everything was on the line, like, I’m doing it 100%. … Not that I’m cupcaking it or anything but you have to be a little smarter, take care of your body.”

「從競技角度來說，我昨天就想上場。我知道我如果得要上場打敗他們，一切都岌岌可危，我會100%投入……並不是說我在輕鬆應對什麼，但你必須更聰明，照顧好自己的身體。」

2022年February14日，“Suns G Landry Shamet out through All-Star break with ankle injury”, in Arizona Sports:

被蛋糕般的裝飾（如褶邊）覆蓋或充滿

Maeve joined them in happy admiration of the baby girl, who had just been christened with the name Genesis and was cupcaked for the occasion with endless bits of lace frill.

Maeve 加入了他們，對這個剛被命名為「創世紀」的女嬰感到高興，為了這個場合，她身上覆蓋著無盡的蕾絲褶邊裝飾。

1997，Lawrence J. Taylor，The Road to Mexico，Tucson, Ariz.: The University of Arizona Press, →ISBN，頁 34:

By nine o’clock that night the snow had begun to fall even harder. Brendon stood on the corner of 87ᵗʰ Street and Stony Island Avenue beneath a green canvas awning now cupcaked with a layer of white.

那天晚上九點鐘，雪開始下得更大了。布倫登站在87街和石島大道的街角，站在一個綠色帆布遮陽篷下，遮陽篷現在覆蓋著一層如蛋糕般的白雪。

2015，Joe Kilgore，A Farmhouse in the Rain，Winchester, Washington: Top Hat Books, 出版於 2016:

It was no longer light, but I still could make out the front yard, which was cupcaked in snow.

雖然已經不再是白天，但我仍然能看出前院，院子裡覆蓋著一層如蛋糕般的積雪。

2016 March，Catherine Lowell，The Madwoman Upstairs，Touchstone, →ISBN，頁 271:

Ahead in the dim dawn rose the white cupcaked dome of the Capitol.

在昏暗的黎明中，前方矗立著白色的國會大廈圓頂，覆蓋著一層'如蛋糕般的白雪。

2016 December，David Poyer，Onslaught: The War with China—The Opening Battle，New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN，頁 18:

It seemed like a beautiful moment as the billowy fabric cupcaked around her lower half.

當蓬鬆的布料在她的下半身周圍散開時，那一刻看起來非常美麗。

2017年May4日，Stephanie Haney，“The terrifying moment a bride nearly drowns as she gets stuck under her wedding dress after jumping into water before FIVE people come to her rescue”, in MailOnline:

So—we offered a cup cake a day for life to anybody who would find us a better word than the word “market.”[…]She wrote to say that the Farmers Market defies description and asks why we don’t just keep on referring to it as the original Farmers Market and send the cup cakes to some home for under cup-caked children.

所以——我們提供終生每天一個杯子蛋糕，給任何能幫我們找到比「市場」更好詞語的人。 […] 她寫信說農夫市場無法用語言形容，並問我們為什麼不繼續稱其為原來的農夫市場，並將杯子蛋糕送給那些缺少杯子蛋糕的孩子們。

1942年March10日，Fred Beck，“Farmers Market Bulletin”, in Los Angeles Times，卷 LXI，頁 2:

Winnie Ellis “cupcaked” her Decorative Stitchery group and Paul Barnett baked enough of her special bran muffins for all of the Meals on Wheels recipients.

Winnie Ellis 給她的裝飾刺繡小組送了杯子蛋糕，而 Paul Barnett 烘焙了足夠的特製麥麩鬆餅，供所有上門送餐服務的接受者享用。

1975年September11日，Kerrville Mountain Sun，卷 94, 期 48, Kerrville, Tex.，頁 six:

“We grew up here and love this community so anything that we can do to give back we will. We have taken cupcakes to the hospital, outreach groups, the SPCA and even the RCMP and firefighters have been cupcaked,” said [Raj] Singh, noting that they would even like to set up a scholarship for local students.

「我們在這裡長大，熱愛這個社區，所以我們會盡力回饋。我們把杯子蛋糕送到醫院、外展團體、SPCA，甚至皇家加拿大騎警和消防隊員也收到了杯子蛋糕，」[Raj] Singh 說，他指出他們甚至想為當地學生設立獎學金。

2008年December21日，Kristi Patton，“Pair display a sweet taste for business”, in Penticton Western News，卷 42, 期 153, Penticton, B.C.，頁 9，列 5:

Kenny started “You’ve Been Cupcaked” three years ago after she earned a following creating cakes and cupcakes for family members.

凱妮在三年前創辦了「你已收到杯子蛋糕」這個活動，在那之前，她因為為家人製作蛋糕和杯子蛋糕而贏得了追隨者。

2011年June19日，Stephanie A. O’Connell，“A baker’s delight, and that’s just icing on the cake”, in Record-Journal，144th year, 期 170, Meriden, Conn.，頁 E4:

和介詞 out 連用：用杯子蛋糕使……厭倦

Ross, a pastry chef who recently moved from California, reels off half a dozen cupcake bakeries in the Santa Monica area she went to all the time, including one called “Le Cupcake” which opened last fall and prompted one food blogger to ask, “Are we cupcaked out? Is there room for yet another cupcake shop in Southern California?”

Rose 是一位最近剛從加州搬來的糕點師，她列舉了她經常去的聖莫尼卡地區的六家杯子蛋糕店，其中包括去年秋天開業的一家名為「Le Cupcake」的麵包店，這讓一位美食部落客問道：「我們吃杯子蛋糕吃膩了嗎？南加州還有空間再開一家杯子蛋糕店嗎？

2007年September26日，Darry Madden，“Opening her own business is icing on the cupcake”, in The Boston Globe，卷 272, 期 88，頁 E4:

I love baking cupcakes, but I was starting to feel cupcaked-out.

我喜歡烘焙杯子蛋糕，但我開始厭倦做杯子蛋糕了。

2013，Coco Simon，Katie’s New Recipe (Cupcake Diaries; 13)，Simon Spotlight, →ISBN，頁 42:

She slid a blue mini cupcake with green and teal sprinkles my way. “Try this Neptune’s Nibble.” I said regretfully, “I think I’m cupcaked out.”

她把一個有綠色和茶色灑粉的藍色迷你杯子蛋糕推給我。「試試這個 Neptune's Nibble。」我遺憾地說，「我想我已經厭倦杯子蛋糕了」。

2021，Josh Lanyon，Bell, Book and Scandal: Bedknobs and Broomsticks, →ISBN:

“I told 'em that you would bake us 30 cupcakes instead.” And so Mrs. Smith cupcaked the other night until 1 a. m.

「我跟他們說你會幫我們烤30個杯子蛋糕」 就這樣，史密斯夫人那天晚上一直做杯子蛋糕直到凌晨 1 點。

1955年December23日，Gerald (Gunny) Gunthrup，“The Gunny Sack”, in The Oneonta Star，卷 LXIV, 期 657, Oneonta, N.Y.，頁 4:

And make cupcakes. I’ve cupcaked three times in the last few days.

還有做杯子蛋糕。這幾天我做了三次杯子蛋糕。

2011年August25日，Suzanne Thibeault，“500 Things Project: Thinking about cupcakes and pickles”, in TribLocal，頁 12:

While many a bakery cupcaked and failed, Robicelli’s continues to withstand the test of time.

當許多麵包店製作杯子蛋糕而倒閉失敗時，Robicelli's 卻依然經得起時間的考驗。

2015，Off Track Planet’s Brooklyn Travel Guide，Running Press, →ISBN:


curvy

curvier (comparative)
curviest (superlative)

A city is entangled in straight lines, while nature is curvy. Fast is straight, but slow is curvy and patient.

2015，dehyun sohn, Hee-Jung Jang, Timothy Jung，Go Slow and Curvy: Understanding the Philosophy of the Cittaslow slowcity Phenomenon，Springer, →ISBN，頁 5:

I love this woman and her curvy body.

He tried to shift his focus back to Jessica and their wedding, but the soft, curvy blonde he'd met recently was stealing more and more of his attention.

2013，Ava Catori，The Big, Not-So-Small, Curvy Girls Dating Agency，Ava Catori Books:


cutter

通過割傷身體來進行自殘的人

After I got out of the mental institution I was looking at t.v. show I was looking it a teenage girl who was a cutter her arm look just like my arm.

2013，Leona Davis，Past, Future, and End，FriesenPress，頁 33:

Late night, take a flow, tryna find the rats
Twelve inch cutter in and out, then Imma ride them back

2017年July25日，Farley （作曲作詞）, “Out Here”，0:42–0:47:

Hop out the ride with things and stuff
Back the longest cutter, watch him cut him, [grate their neek trips?] up

2021年August16日，(Mali Strip) Killa Kurse x AR x Rondo （作曲作詞）, “Buck aii LGR diss”，1:23–1:28:

[…] swing my cutter
Get man down if he is on my brother

2021年November29日，KMulla （作曲作詞）, “Mutual Feeling”，1:24–1:27:


collogue

collogues (third-person singular present)
colloguing (present participle)
collogued (past participle)

And then it seems that she collogued with her master and heard word of a subtler device.

1902，John Buchan，The Outgoing of the Tide:

Ay, well, what I say - " Flusky frowned, endeavouring to put into words just what he did say, when he collogued with his own thoughts. "What I say: in a country where everything's to do, the hands has a chance to put themselves equal with the head."

1937，Helen Simpson，Under Capricorn (fiction):

You let Dunsey have it, sir? And how long have you been so thick with Dunsey that you must collogue with him to embezzle my money?

1861，George Eliot，Silas Marner (fiction), William Blackwood and Sons:

Witch Hunter: You dare to collogue about me with such a [contemnible] manner of speech?!

2022年November18日，Toontown: Corporate Clash Development Team，The Hires & Heroes Update (v1.3.0):


countermine

反地雷地雷（用來攔截敵方地雷或隧道的地雷）

Normally the threat would have been dealt with by means of a counter-mine, but the tunnel was now far too close for that.

1990，Peter Hopkirk，The Great Game，Folio Society, 出版於 2010，頁 436:

對抗計畫（挫敗另一個計謀或計劃的計策）

Thinking himself contemned, knowing no countermine against contempt but terror.

a. 1587，Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney]，“(please specify the page number)”, in The Covntesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia]，London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, 出版於 1590, →OCLC; republished in The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia (Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney; I)，Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1912, →OCLC:


countermine

countermines (third-person singular present)
countermining (present participle)
countermined (past participle)

謀劃反對，挫敗他人的舉動

[…] every gamester will agree how necessary it is to know exactly the play of another, in order to countermine him.

1749，Henry Fielding，章號 III, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史]，卷 (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VI:

[…]so Fritz could sleep easily in his trench, so far as mines were concerned; and Fritz, confident in his Herr Professors, altogether neglected any attempt to counter-mine.

1923，Frank Fox，“The Man-Made Earthquake”, in Charles Francis Horne, The Great Events of the Great War，卷 5:


courageous

繼承自中古英語 corajous，來自古法語 corageus，來自corage + -eus。

more courageous (comparative)
most courageous (superlative)

/kəˈɹeɪd͡ʒəs/

bold

勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

brave

勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

hardy

勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

valorous

勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

the most courageous person I have ever met

In 1979, following Jimmy Carter’s unexpected and unreasonable decision to transfer diplomatic recognition from Taipei to Beijing, the Congress passed the Taiwan Relations Act to preserve our relationship with this courageous nation. We believed that it was vital for our allies and for those who were not our allies to know that the United States would not abandon its friends.

1979年，在吉米·卡出人意料且不合理地决定将外交承认从台北转至北京之后，国会通过了《台湾关系法》，以维护我们与这个勇敢国家的关系。我们认为，让我们的盟友和非盟友了解美国不会抛弃朋友至关重要。

2005，Jesse Helms，“Foreign Relations Experiences”, in Here's Where I Stand: A Memoir，New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁s 228–229:


courtroom

Dave: Livin’ the litigation life, ya gotta catch that courtroom rhythm.

2022年July11日，Toontown: Corporate Clash Development Team，Backstage Corporate Clash: Cog Building Music:


cowgirl

cowgirls (third-person singular present)
cowgirling (present participle)
cowgirled (past participle)

Once recovered I cowgirled him to a torturously slow climax, having him begging for release as I took him to the edge […]

2016，Angela Goodnight，My Life, My Loves: True, Explicit Autobiography:


conceptually

more conceptually (comparative)
most conceptually (superlative)

The end of the 20th century and the start of the new millennium have bore witness to a remarkable revolution in the way parasite/host biological interactions can be conceptually designed and experimentally studied.

20世紀末和新千年伊始，寄生蟲/宿主生物相互作用的概念設計和實驗研究方式發生了重大革命。

2006年February10日，Karl F. Hoffman, Jennifer M. Fitzpatrick，“The Application of DNA Microarrays in the Functional Study of Schisostome/Host Biology”, in Schistosomiasis，Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN，頁 101:


coyote

借自西班牙語 coyote，來自納瓦語族語言，來自原始納瓦語 *koyootl。對照欽諾克混合語 ki-o-tī。

Near Rio Frio we shot several handsome birds, and saw a cayjotte, or wild dog, which in size nearly approached the wolf.

在里約弗里奧附近，我們打中了幾隻漂亮的鳥兒，還看到了一條郊狼，或者叫野狗，牠的體型和狼很接近。

1824，William Bullock，Six Months' Residence and Travels in Mexico [在墨西哥的六個月居住和旅行]，頁 119:

從拉丁美洲跨越陸地邊界進入美國的非法移民

Jorge’s father had pawned his last four goats for $2,000 to help pay for their transit, another loan the family would have to repay at 100 percent interest. The coyote called at 10 p.m. — they would go that night.

豪尔赫的父亲将他手上的最后四头山羊典当换来了2000美元，以支付他们的交通费用，这是他们一家必须以100%的利息偿还的另一笔贷款。晚上10点，偷渡者打来电话——他们当晚就会出发。

2020年July23日，Abrahm Lustgarten，“The Great Climate Migration [大气候迁徙]”, in New York Times:


creative

more creative (comparative)
most creative (superlative)

The future belongs to those aware enough to see the system, brave enough to reject it, and creative enough to build something better.

2025年January23日，Joshua Stylman，The Algorithmic Age:


decal

But your flag decal won't get you Into Heaven any more. / They're already overcrowded From your dirty little war.

1971，John Prine （作曲作詞）, “Your Flag Decal Won't Get You Into Heaven Anymore”, in John Prine:


deliver

來自中古英語 deliveren，來自盎格魯-諾曼語和古法語 delivrer，來自拉丁語 dē + līberō (“使自由”)。

delivre (alternative)
delivers (third-person singular present)
delivering (present participle)
delivered (past participle)

deliver a package;  deliver the mail

Mr. Cooke had had a sloop yacht built at Far Harbor, the completion of which had been delayed, and which was but just delivered.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年），Winston Churchill，章號 10, in The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

引渡，繳（槍械、毒品等）

deliver the thief to the police

Thou shalt deliver Pharaoh's cup into his hand.

你仍要遞杯在法老的手中。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 40:13:

The constables have delivered her over.

c. 1596–1599，William Shakespeare，“The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iv]:

The exalted mind / All sense of woe delivers to the wind.

1725，Homer, [Elijah Fenton], transl.，“Book IV”, in The Odyssey of Homer. […]，卷 I, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC:

"You know, he plays great sometimes when he doesn't score," Brown said. "Tonight, with Rip (Richard Hamilton) struggling, we needed somebody to step up, and he really did. He really delivered."

2004, Detroit News, Detroit Pistons: Champions at Work (page 86)

However, ministers argue they are delivering the Brexit demanded by the electorate – and say it is time for businesses to wean themselves off cheap migrant labour.

2020年February18日，“UK to close door to non-English speakers and unskilled workers”, in The Guardian:

The stories did not seem to me to touch life. […] They left me with the impression of a well-delivered stereopticon lecture, with characters about as life-like as the shadows on the screen, and whisking on and off, at the mercy of the operator.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年），Winston Churchill，章號 1, in The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

It’s a lovely sequence cut too short because the show seems afraid to give itself over to romance and whimsy and wistfulness when it has wedgie jokes to deliver.

2012年May27日，Nathan Rabin，“TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid On The Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:

England went into the interval 22-6 down, a second [Owen] Farrell penalty their only response to Scotland’s burst of tries. They had not conceded more points in a Six Nations match in the Eddie Jones era and when the whistle blew for the interval, Dylan Hartley formed his players into a circle to deliver a rallying cry.

2018年February24日，Paul Rees，“Finn Russell masterminds historic Scotland victory over England”, in The Guardian，London，存檔自the original on 2018-04-22:

deliver a speech

to deliver a blow

An uninstructed bowler […] thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straight forward.

1822，[Walter Scott]，Peveril of the Peak. […]，卷 (please specify |volume=I, II, III, or IV), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:

I'll deliver myself your loyal servant.

我愿意呈献我自己做你们的忠仆。

c. 1608–1609，William Shakespeare，“The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vi]:


decohere

decoheres (third-person singular present)
decohering (present participle)
decohered (past participle)

Even the slightest disturbance causes qubits to “decohere”, shedding their magical properties.

2012年February25日，‘An uncertain future’，The Economist:

History suggests those in power will cling to whatever is working well for them even as the economy and society decay and decohere around them.

2024年July12日，Charles Hugh Smith，How Will We Distribute the Pain Ahead?:


decolonize

decolonizes (third-person singular present)
decolonizing (present participle)
decolonized (past participle)

A paternal government would attempt to decolonize American literature, by forbidding the re-publication of foreign works, and offering premiums to those of home production.

父親式的政府會試圖透過禁止重新出版外國作品、並為本土作品提供獎勵的方式來使美國文學非殖民化。

1860，James Parton，Life of Andrew Jackson: In Three Volumes，頁 84:

扭轉殖民帶來的影響，恢復一個群體的自治權

Across Ukraine, officials are starting projects to, as they say, “decolonize” their cities. Streets and subway stops whose names evoke the history of the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union are under scrutiny by a population eager to rid itself of traces of the nation that invaded in late February.

2022年June7日，Erika Solomon，“Goodbye, Tchaikovsky and Tolstoy: Ukrainians look to ‘decolonize’ their streets.”, in The New York Times:

The arrival of Trump in the White House gave a new urgency to the idea that museums needed to “decolonize” their collections, atone for their past elitism, and become overtly political institutions rather than mere warehouses of valuable objects.

2022年October3日，Helen Lewis，“The Guggenheim’s Scapegoat”, in The Atlantic, →ISSN:


dedicatee

In 1949, having fallen in with some petty criminals, he was arrested for harboring stolen goods and subsequently committed to the New York State Psychiatric Institute, where he met the future dedicatee of "Howl," Carl Solomon.

2009年January11日，James Campbell，“Howls”, in New York Times:


dependable

But Datsyuk’s return rejuvenated the old dependables like Rafalski, Lidstrom and Marian Hossa, who consistently outshone Malkin and Crosby.

2009年June7日，Jeff Z. Klein，“At Full Strength, Red Wings Dominate”, in New York Times:


depredate

晚期拉丁語 depraedari、depraedat-，源自 de- + praedari (“掠奪”)。

depredates (third-person singular present)
depredating (present participle)
depredated (past participle)

It makes the substance of the body […] less apt to be consumed and depredated by the spirits.

它使身體的物質 […] 不易被精神消耗和浪費。

1631，Francis [Bacon]，“(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […]，第3rd版, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:


defenestration

來自新拉丁語 defenestratio，來自dē (“自；外”) + fenestra (“窗戶”) + -atio (表示動作或過程的後綴)；對照中古法語 défenestrer (現代法語 défenestrer)、défenestration、意大利語 defenestrazione、德語 Fenstersturz。動詞defenestrate是後來形成的。

把人拋出窗外 （自西元17世紀）

The "Defenestration" at Prague (A.D. 1618). [...] The imperial Austrian Councillors are thrown out of the window of the castle of Hradschin by the enraged Bohemian Deputies [...]

1905，The Great Events by Famous Historians; a Comprehensive and Readable Account of the World’s History, […]，卷s XI (A.D. 1609–1660), New York, N.Y.: National Alumni, →OCLC，頁s 62–75:

The Third Defenestration of Prague occurred on 10 March 1948. During the closing stages of the communist takeover in Czechoslovakia, Jan Masaryk, the popular foreign minister and son of Tomáš Masaryk, fell – or more likely was pushed – out of a window.

1996，Adrian [G. V.] Hyde-Price，“East Central Europe: A Brief History”, in The International Politics of East Central Europe，Manchester, New York, N.Y.: Manchester University Press, →ISBN, footnote 41，頁 40:

On September 11, 2001 when NYC's Twin Towers were impacted [...] some occupants trapped above the inferno facing certain death instead jumped from windows to their certain death (self defenestration).

2004，Paul Dehn Carleton，“Notes and References”, in Concepts: A ProtoTheist Quest for Science-minded Skeptics of Catholic, and Other Christian, Jewish & Muslim Backgrounds，Pontiac, Mich.: Carleton House, →ISBN, footnote 15，頁 359:

高調地將某人從組織中除名

Be that as it may, his defenestration was coldly abrupt, and in his place, the Football Association resurrected a veteran manager and former England star in Joe Mercer for seven games.

With Rishi Sunak and Sajid Javid gone from the cabinet, it could all be over for Boris Johnson – although quite how long it will take his enemies to finish him off is not at all clear and his defenestration does not look immediate.

2022年July5日，Andrew Sparrow，“As Sunak and Javid quit cabinet, is it all over for Boris Johnson?”, in The Guardian:

將微軟視窗操作系統從計算機中移除，以安裝替代系統的行為

Defenestration might be an option too. May I recommend Linux?

1998年November1日，“Dorian Bliss”，“He’s dead, Jim”, in rec.humor.oracle.d (Usenet), message-ID <363DA726.C27FA5F@spamfree.land>:

It's defenestration day in Redmond today. A clearly stunned Microsoft did what it could to pretend that Judge Jackson's findings of fact were "just one step", as [Bill] Gates put said in the prepared statement that he read at a press conference last night, but it was hopeless.

1999年November6日，Graham Lea，“Stunned MS vows to fight on for freedom: ‘Integrity, partnership, quality … giving’ – (takes out onion)”, in The Register，存檔自the original on 2014-08-19:

No defenestration here. Ask questions about all aspects of Windows programming, get help on Microsoft technologies covered in Apress books, or provide feedback on any Apress Windows book.

2002，John Kilburn，Palm Programming in Basic，Berkeley, Calif.: Apress, →ISBN，頁 392:

What's needed is defenestration – throwing out the Windows mindset along with Microsoft's licenses and software – but that's not as simple as changing a boot CD or even migrating a whole raft of servers. What's involved is fundamental change both in how IT operates and in what it does.

2004年February12日，Paul Murphy，“What does Linux cost?”, in LinuxInsider: Linux News & Information from around the World，存檔自the original on 2016-03-11:

Traditionally, the verb defenestrate means to throw out of a window. But as Australian companies take their first timid steps towards installing non-proprietary software on corporate desktops, defenestration is starting to be linked to the throwing out of Windows software.

2005年December1日，D. Braue，P. Gray，L. Colquhoun，J.-V. Douglas，“Leaders of the pack”, in MIS Asia: Managing Information Strategies，存檔自the original on 2007-10-07:


deterioration

源自法語 détérioration；在詞法上為deteriorate + -ion。

/dɪˌtɪəɹɪəˈɹeɪʃən/

/dɪˌtɪəɹɪˈeɪʃən/

The Queen may be celebrating her jubilee but the Queen's English Society, which has railed against the misuse and deterioration of the English language, is to fold.

2012年June4日，Lewis Smith，“Queen’s English Society says enuf is enough, innit?: Society formed 40 years ago to protect language against poor spelling and grammar closes because too few people care”, in The Guardian，London，存檔自the original on 2016-03-10:

"The quantum sensors will provide highly accurate measurements that will help to detect the rate of change of the track and subsequently, any deteriorations which might lead to faults."

2020年November18日，“Network News: Researchers team up on navigation data system”, in Rail，頁 23:


detrimental

來自中世紀拉丁語 *dētrīmentālis，來自拉丁語 dētrīmentum (“損傷”)，來自dēterō (“擦掉，磨損”)，來自dē- (“向下，遠離”) + terō (“擦或抓”)。

more detrimental (comparative)
most detrimental (superlative)

Smoking tobacco can be detrimental to your health.

"The fact is," continued he, "Lady Anne fears that my visits here may prove detrimental to what she considers your best interests. I thought myself an old, safe friend; but, as that cannot be explained to every body, she fears that I may keep off other and more eligible lovers."

1842，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Lady Anne Granard，卷 1，頁s 142-143:


devitalize

devitalizes (third-person singular present)
devitalizing (present participle)
devitalized (past participle)

同類詞：dispirit、kill

近義詞：deanimate

Noncrushing surgical clamps avoid devitalizing the cells of arterial walls.

非挤压性手术钳可避免动脉壁细胞失活。

Economic stress has devitalized some shopping malls in the web era.

网络时代的经济压力使得一些商场失去活力。

Not so long ago a Scotsman is reported to have exhumed the body of his daughter and burnt her heart, as he thought she was devitalising her remaining brother and sister and making them ill.

据报道，不久前，一名苏格兰人挖出了他女儿的尸体并烧毁了她的心脏，因为他认为她正在使她剩下的兄弟姐妹失去活力并使他们生病。

1936，Rollo Ahmed，The Black Art，London: Long，頁 126:


dispersal

For a time, Okeh picked up the disk for national dispersal.

1990，Wayne Jancik，The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders, →ISBN，頁 145:

Plant breeding is always a numbers game.[…]The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, […]. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better. These rarities may be new mutations, or they can be existing ones that are neutral—or are even selected against—in a wild population. A good example is mutations that disrupt seed dispersal, leaving the seeds on the heads long after they are ripe.

2013 May-June，David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan，“Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist，卷 101, 期 3:

Problems of control in dispersals and in other prisons necessarily instigated a multiplicity of working theories to explain the difficulties […]

2012，D. Drake，Prisons, Punishment and the Pursuit of Security:


dissent

ethnopolitical dissent

A system that suppresses dissent is fault-intolerant, ignorant and fragile.

2013年June28日，Charles Hugh Smith，Why Centralization Leads to Collapse:


dissimulation

繼承自中古英語 dissimulacioun，來自古法語 dissimulation，來自拉丁語 dissimulātiō；等同於dissimule + -ation。

Perhaps it was best to tell Ethel at once: if ever she went into society at all, she would inevitably hear of it, and her own concealment would have the appearance of a dissimulation,—the furthest from her thoughts.

1837，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Ethel Churchill，卷 2，頁 233:


dissolvent

more dissolvent (comparative)
most dissolvent (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dissolvent.wav

solvent

有溶解力的，具有溶解固體的能力的

有溶解力的，具有溶解固體的能力的

[T]he operator evidently perceives the dissolvent property of the jaggery water, on its being tempered with the prepared mortar.

1834，Rám Ráz，Essay on the Architecture of the Hindús，倫敦: […] [F]or the Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland; by John William Parker, […], →OCLC，頁 64:


dissolvent

For, that the ordure, which continually gathers on the skin, would ſoon ſtop the pores of it, if the ſweat were not furniſht with ſome efficacious diſſolvent to open and pierce them.

因为，如果汗液中没有某种有效的溶剂来打开和穿透毛孔，那么不断聚集在皮肤上的污物很快就会堵塞毛孔。

1669年August26日，“[An Accompt of Some Books.] III. Ottonis Tachenii Hippocrates Chymicus. Venetiis in 12º.”, in Philosophical Transactions: Giving Some Accompt of the Present Undertakings, Studies and Labours of the Ingenious in Many Considerable Parts of the World，卷 IV, 期 50, London: Printed by T. N. for John Martyn […] , printer to the Royal Society, 出版於 1670, →OCLC，頁s 1019–1020:


distracted

more distracted (comparative)
most distracted (superlative)

Plenty of accidents happened with a look-out present but momentarily distracted.

2021年September22日，Dr Mike Esbester，“Trackside safety: a permanent problem”, in RAIL，期 940，頁 79:


Djakarta

Jakarta (“雅加達”)的另一種拼寫法

KLM, on 12 September 1929, had inaugurated a fortnightly proving service to Djakarta from Amsterdam, a distance of 8540 miles and the longest air route in the world.

1985 John Gunn - The Defeat of Distance: Qantas 1919-1939

Many cities from Shanghai to Djakarta are badly polluted.

2002，Hilde Heynen，Back from Utopia: The Challenge of the Modern Movement:


dodgem

What better way to let off a little steam, than by zipping around on the dodgems, or flying high on the Cosmic Typhoon roller coaster?

還有什麼方式比開著碰碰車四處飛馳，或坐上“宇宙颱風”過山車衝上雲霄更能讓人放鬆發洩呢？

2007年December19日，“Special Offer”, in North Devon Gazette，UK:


doublethink

The stars can be near or distant, according as we need them. Do you suppose our mathematicians are unequal to that? Have you forgotten doublethink?

1949年June8日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，章號 3, in 《一九八四》，倫敦: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC; 再版 [澳大利亞]: 澳大利亞古騰堡計劃, 2001年8月, part 3，頁 242:

Any effort by the United States to halt these creeping advances of Communist imperialism became, by the same mad process of double-think, the only kind of "intervention" there ever could be.

1965年May11日，William S. White，“Doctrine of Nonintervention Comes Cropper In Dominica”, in The Morning Record，Meriden-Wallingford, Connecticut，頁 4:

Or does the hypocrisy and doublethink go beyond a loathing of the human body and an acceptance of violence to a very practical fear that such a club in a predominantly middle-class Caucasian neighborhood will drive down property values?

1992年March5日，Sylvain Fribourg，“The Agony of the Extasy [Letter to the Editor]”, in Los Angeles Times:

The same sort of doublethink is evident in the White House’s treatment of firsthand impeachment witnesses.

2019年December2日，Eric Lutz，“Trump Lawyer Cites No Due Process as Reason to Sit Out Due Process”, in Vanity Fair:


dovetail

鴿子尾巴
榫頭
類似燕尾榫的線
名詞衍生自dove + tail。動詞衍生自名詞。

dovetails (plural)
dove-tail (alternative)
dufftail (alternative)

Beſides this, another fine Starfiſh came to my Hands, […] Its body hath ten corners, and it hath a Star above vvith as many Rays; each of theſe one may compare unto a Sail of the VVindmills that the Children run againſt the VVind vvithal, or to a piece of ſuch Croſſes that are broad before, and narrovv vvhere they meet together; that is to ſay, of the ſhape of a Dove-tail: […]

1694，John Narborough, Jasmen Tasman [i.e., Abel Tasman], John Wood, Frederick Marten [i.e., Friedrich Martens]，“[The Voyage into Spitzbergen and Greenland] Of the Crustaceous Fish that I Observed”, in An Account of Several Late Voyages & Discoveries to the South and North. […]，London: […] Sam[uel] Smith and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, 4th part, section V (Of the Star-fish)，頁s 118–119:

With a warding file cut a dovetail on each of the ends to be joined, as shown by Fig. 1.

1900，“Brazing Keys”, in Cassell’s Cyclopædia of Mechanics […] (First Series)，London, Paris: Cassell and Company, […], →OCLC，頁 311，列 1:

After marking out the pins on the drawer sides, we proceed with the next operation, that is, sawing the dovetails ready for chopping out the waste material.

[1921]，[William Fairham]，“The Dovetail Joint”, in Woodwork Joints: How They are Set Out, How Made and Where Used; […]，Philadelphia, Pa., London: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC，頁 123:

DOVETAIL joints, well known for their strength, have long been used in fine cabinet work. Nowadays they are frequently displaced by other types of joints that are easier to make with power tools, but where a self-locking joint is needed for use without glue, the dovetail is unsurpassed.

1944 April，Edwin M. Love，“Handmade Dovetails”, in The Popular Science Monthly，卷 144, 號 4, New York, N.Y.: Popular Science Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 151，列 1:

I ſhall add other tvvo Forms of Lines, […] The firſt of theſe tvvo is termed Patee, or Dove-Tail, from a Form of Art uſed by Joiners, vvho make Joints one into the other by that Name: […]

1722，Alexander Nisbet，“Of the Points and Parts of the Shield; and Forms of Lines, which Divide the Shield into Several Parts”, in A System of Heraldry Speculative and Practical: […]，Edinburgh: […] J. MackEuen, →OCLC，頁 23:

ASSEMBLEE, [in Heraldry,] a Dovetail or more to hold the tvvo Parts of the Eſcutcheon together, vvhere the Partition Line is, being countercharged, is ſome of the Metal and ſome of the Colour of the Eſcutcheon.

1736，John Harris，“ASSEMBLEE”, in Lexicon Technicum: Or, An Universal English Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: […]，第5th版, 卷 I, London: […] J. Walthoe, […], →OCLC，列 2:


dovetail

dovetails (third-person singular present)
dovetailing (present participle)
dovetailed (past participle)
dove-tail (alternative)

In house-building it is further forbidden [by Sultan Muhammed Shah] to dovetail or make the ends of the timbers (e.g. of the roof) fit accurately together, and also to build two verandahs, one on each side of the house, with their floors on a level with the floor of the main building; if two verandahs are used, the floor of one must be lower than that of the main building (kelek anak).

1900，Walter William Skeat，“Man and His Place in the Universe”, in Malay Magic: Being an Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula，London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, footnote 1，頁 33:

The executive board dovetailed its decision neatly with the prior projects the company had taken up.

Through my new project, I dovetail my interests in botany and programming.

Close contacts are also maintained between the chief operating officers of the railways and the movement and transport officers of the Service departments to dovetail railway transport into the schemes of the fighting forces.

1943 March–April，John R. Hind，“The British Railways at War”, in The Railway Magazine，Sutton, London: IPC Transport Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 95:

I felt that through the combined study of psychology and linguistics I would find out how children learned language, and that I would be able to dovetail this knowledge into my business career in Japan.

1988，Kenji Hakuta，“Why Bilinguals?”, in The Development of Language and Language Researchers: Essays in Honor of Roger Brown，Hillsdale, N.J., Hove, East Sussex: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, →ISBN，頁 299:

將算法或子程序交織，使其能夠同時運作

However, we can construct a single master algorithm M that DPExact learns from unknown distribution D by simply dovetailing the algorithms A. The precise way in which we dovetail the algorithms depends on whether our goal is time or query efficiency.

2002，Nader H. Bshouty, Jeffrey C. Jackson, Christino Tamon，“Exploring Learnability between Exact and PAC”, in Computational Learning Theory: 15th Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory, COLT 2002, Sydney, Australia, July 8–10, 2002: Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNAI); 2375; Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)，Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN，頁 248:

The parts of your essay should dovetail so that it is cohesive and coherent.

The task now facing Mr Crook and his team in the multi-disciplinary programme is sequencing the works going forward, to ensure track, signalling, station works and overhead line installations dovetail together.

2019 October，Philip Sherratt，“Midland Main Line Upgrade Presses On”, in Modern Railways，Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 60:


dragonfly

dragon-fly (alternative)
dragonflies (plural)

/ˈdɹæɡənˌflaɪ/

The delicate coloured Dragon Flies may have likewise some Corrosive quality.


dirigible

來自法語 dirigeable，來自ballon dirigeable (“可操控的氣球”)。

/ˈdɪɹɪdʒəbəɫ/

People had time to think up some questions, including reporters who shouted “Are you going to shoot down the balloon?” at President Biden shortly before the dirigible came down.

2023年February4日，Katie Rogers，“Look! Up in the Sky! It’s a … Chinese Spy Balloon?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


duty

來自中古英語 duete，中古英語 dewe + 中古英語 -te（借自古法語 -te，來自拉丁語 -tātem，-tās的賓格陽性單數）。類似於due + -ty（-ity的另一種寫法）。

my duty to you

1599，William Shakespeare，“The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio)，London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

It [the letter] was written with a plain, unaffected, homely piety that I knew to be genuine, and ended with ‘my duty to my ever darling’—meaning myself.

滿信都是她那質樸的天真和毫不嬌飾的懇切，我深知這都發自她內心；信的結尾語是“問我永遠珍愛的好”——這是說的我。

1849 May – 1850 November，Charles Dickens，The Personal History of David Copperfield，London: Bradbury & Evans, […], 出版於 1850, →OCLC:


duiker

借自南非語 duiker (字面意思是“潛水者”)，源自荷蘭語 duiker，源自中古荷蘭語 dukere。

Next day she rose early, and went out with the gun and killed a duiker on the edge of the Big Tobacco Land (where her father had grown tobacco during his season's phase of believing in it).

1952，Doris Lessing，Martha Quest，Panther, 出版於 1974，頁 65:


easternize

easternizes (third-person singular present)
easternizing (present participle)
easternized (past participle)

"It would suit me very well," he tells her, "if, at this point, I could easternize your Western eyes, your Western heart."

2007年January14日，Liesl Schillinger，“Siberian Fields”, in New York Times:


enfleurage

/ˌɑ̃.fluˈɹɑʒ/

‘Thereʼs a man in Somerset who claims heʼs invented a method of enfleurage that requires no alcohol.’

2002，Michel Faber，The Crimson Petal and the White，Canongate Books (2010)，頁 652:

The perfumes of plants like jasmine could only be extracted by enfleurage, as other methods of the time would denature the scents.


engineering

/ˌɛn.d͡ʒɪˈnɪə.ɹɪŋ/

One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. Isolating a city’s effluent and shipping it away in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.

2014年June14日，“It's a gas”, in The Economist，卷 411, 期 8891:


ennead

來自古希臘語 ἐννεάς (enneás)、ἐννεάδος (enneádos，“九人的身體”) + -ad (指定單位的後綴)；可分析為ennea- + -ad。希臘語詞彙ἐννεάς和ἐννεάδος衍生自ἐννέᾰ (ennéă，“九”) (源頭來自原始印歐語 *h₁néwn̥ (“九”)) + -ᾰ́ς (-ắs，由數字構成抽象名詞的後綴)或-ος (-os)。

The ennead, according to the Pythagoreans, circulates all numbers within itself, and there can be no number beyond it. For the natural progression of numbers is as far as to 9, but after it their retrogression takes place. For 10 becomes as it were again the monad. […] Hence it is not possible there should be any elementary number beyond the ennead.

1816，Proclus，章號 XXXI, in Thomas Taylor（譯者）, The Six Books of Proclus the Platonic Successor, on the Theology of Plato, Translated from the Greek; […] Two Volumes，卷 II, London: Printed for the author, by A[braham] J[ohn] Valpy, […], →OCLC, footnote 1，頁 211:

[T]he ennead is subtracted for this cause, because the three hundred and sixty parts of the entire [circle] consist of enneads, and for this reason the four regions of the world are circumscribed by ninety perfect parts.

1868，Hippolytus, J[ohn] H[enry] MacMahon，章號 XLIII, in The Refutation of All Heresies, […] (Ante-Nicene Christian Library: […]; VI (Hippolytus, Bishop of Rome. Vol. I.))，Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, […]; London: Hamilton & Co.; Dublin: John Robertson & Co., →OCLC, book IV (Of the Refutation of All Heresies)，頁 111:

任何包含九個物體的組合或系統

We may assert with confidence that no cycle of this kind, and of equal antiquity or even of inferior antiquity, is the actual existence better attested or more thoroughly authenticated than that of this octaëteris of Philammon of Delphi, or, as we may truly call it, this original Pythian ennead of primitive Hellas.

1852，Edward Greswell，“On the Lunar in Contradistinction to the Solar Modifications of the Primitive Calendar”, in Fasti Temporis Catholici and Origines Kalendariæ. … In Four Volumes，卷 I, Oxford: At the Oxford University Press, →OCLC, section V (The Octaëteris)，頁s 566–567:

The exquisite language of the prophecy of Isaiah, especially in its last three enneads, may have had a nearer primary reference to, and a nearer fulfilment in, the return of the exiles under Zerubbabel, and Ezra, and Nehemiah; […]

1882，The Church Quarterly Review，卷 XIII, London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, →OCLC，頁 172:

At one time one god was a greater favourite with the nation than another, and the cult of the god or gods which the old Babylonians preferred in the early days of their empire frequently fell into disuse and neglect in after times. The most important ennead among the Babylonians was as follows:— […]

1884，E[rnest] A[lfred] Wallis Budge，“The Babylonian Religion”, in Babylonian Life and History (By-paths of Bible Knowledge; V)，London: Religious Tract Society, […], →OCLC，頁s 127–128:


edging

構成或標記物體邊緣的東西

The decorative edging around the door makes it easier to find in the dark.

门周围的装饰性边缘使人能在黑暗中更容易找到它。

A means was found, for example, of fitting rubber edging to the doors and still retaining the handle and door lock.

例如，找到一种方法，给门安装上橡胶边缘，同时仍保留把手和门锁。

1951 March，“Reconstruction of London Transport Rolling Stock”, in Railway Magazine，頁 160:


environmental

That worries the government, which fears that environmental activism could become the foundation for more general political opposition.

2013年August10日，“Can China clean up fast enough?”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8848:


environmental

與硬體運行的物理環境有關的任何因素

The process to enable migration from the vendor-supplied configuration to a new architecture depends on many system environmentals.

2014，Kenneth Barrett, Stephen Norris，Running Mainframe z on Distributed Platforms，頁 136:


environmentalism

The first is that the present work in no sense represents a relapse toward the old environmentalism which believed it could find the causes of culture in environment.

1939，Alfred L. Kroeber，“Objectives”, in Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America，出版於 1963，頁 1:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:environmentalism。

環境保護主義的運動或意識形態

The need for environmentalisms engaged with the commons rather than relegated to the individual consumer or tied to the middle-class principles of private property.

2018，Nicole Seymour，Bad Environmentalism，頁 196:


environmentalist

tree hugger

主要用於澳洲和新西蘭、俚語、經常帶貶義

This tension is familiar in the lives of most environmentalists. Some own cars; some still eat meat.

2016年April5日，Madeleine Somerville，“How I deal with the unbearable hypocrisy of being an environmentalist”, in The Guardian:

The term greenwashing was coined by environmentalist Jay Westerveld in 1986, back when most consumers received their news from television, radio and print media – the same outlets that corporations regularly flooded with a wave of high-priced, slickly-produced commercials and print ads.

2016年August20日，Bruce Watson，“The troubling evolution of corporate greenwashing”, in The Guardian:

A widening of the M4 had long been mooted, and the Welsh Government had even earmarked most of the required £1.6bn funding for a new 14-mile, six-lane section around Newport. Then, in the face of opposition from environmentalists, came a realisation that similar road schemes across the world tend merely to encourage greater car use and therefore soon prove ineffective in solving the original problem.

2020年December2日，Christian Wolmar，“Wales offers us a glimpse of an integrated transport policy”, in Rail，頁 56:

He [King Charles] is a committed environmentalist at a point when the government is full of climate change deniers.

2022年September12日，Zoe Williams，“Why are people getting arrested in Britain for being republicans?”, in The Guardian:

認為個人或群體發展的主要因素是環境而不是遺傳或文化的人

As we remarked once before, there are two extreme views with respect to life, one attributing everything to the environment, the other to inherent abilities. If, for example, an unusual number of distinguished men are born and reared in the same locality, the environmentalists assert that the causes for their appearance were entirely external and that had their parents changed habitats with those residing elsewhere the result would have been the same, except that the family names of these eminent men would have been different.

1926，Clark Wissler，The Relation of Nature to Man in Aboriginal America，出版於 1971，頁s 211–212:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:environmentalist。


environmentalist

more environmentalist (comparative)
most environmentalist (superlative)

The environmentalist explanation would be that tropical environment retards or depresses culture through its physiological effect on the human organism.

1939，Alfred L. Kroeber，Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America，出版於 1963，頁 69:


epidemiologist

In his first book since the 2008 essay collection Natural Acts: A Sidelong View of Science and Nature, David Quammen looks at the natural world from yet another angle: the search for the next human pandemic, what epidemiologists call “the next big one.”

2013年January13日，Katie L. Burke，“Ecological Dependency”, in American Scientist，卷 101, 期 1, United States: Sigma Xi, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 64:


equidistance

The men are ranged so as to form three sides of a square, and stand three deep, each prisoner being three yards from his fellow. This equidistance gives them the appearance of chess-men set out on a board.

囚犯们排成一个正方形的三条边，每排三人，每人与另一人相距三码。这种等距让他们看起来像棋盘上的棋子。

1862，Henry Mayhew，John Binny，The Criminal Prisons of London, and Scenes of Prison Life，頁 308:


equinox

原始印歐語詞
 *nókʷts
繼承自中古英語 equinox、equinoxe、equynox (“一年中晝夜等長的兩個時段之一，二分點；黃道十二宮中的白羊座或天秤座，在這兩個星座中，太陽穿過天體赤道”)，來自古法語 equinoce、equinoxe (現代法語 équinoxe)或來自詞源中世紀拉丁語 ēquinoxium、ēquinoctium，來自拉丁語 aequinoctium (“二分點”)，來自aequus (“同等”) + nox (“夜晚”) (源頭衍生自原始印歐語 *nókʷts (“夜晚”)) + -ium (構成抽象名詞的後綴)。這個拉丁語詞彙，被後來衍生的中古英語和現代英語所採用，取代了古英語 efnniht (現代英語 evennight)。
罕見的另一個複數形式equinoctes將equinox視為一個拉丁語詞彙；拉丁語 nox (“夜晚”)的複數是noctēs。

equinoxes (plural)
equinoctes (plural)
æquinox (alternative)

evennight

分點，二分點，晝夜平分點（春分或秋分）

分點，二分點，晝夜平分點（春分或秋分）

The four grand and ſolemn Bardic days are, of ancient uſage, the tvvo equinoxes, and the tvvo ſolſtices; the nevv and full moons are alſo, ſubordinately, ſolemn Bardic days: […]

1793年September22日，Edward Williams，“Ode on Converting a Sword into a Pruning Hook”, in Poems, Lyric and Pastoral. […]，London: […] J[ohn] Nichols; […], 出版於 1794, →OCLC, footnote *，頁s 160–161:

21. Report the experiments, if conveniently they may, at both the solstices and equinoctes. / 22. Observe accurately the time of the sun’s rising on the top of the hill and below, and note the difference.

1848，Charles Richard Weld，章號 V, in A History of the Royal Society, with Memoirs of the Presidents. […]，卷 I, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], →OCLC，頁 100:

For [Julius] Cæsar says, that on the night of the fourth day after his landing there was a full moon. He had before mentioned that the summer was far spent, and the æquinox not come, hence, the full moon must have been either in July or August.

1854，John Williams，“Pro-consul. b.c. 55.”, in The Life of Julius Cæsar，London, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] Routledge & Co., […], →OCLC，頁 195:

The word equinox is generally taken to refer to the days when, at every point on the earth, day and night are of equal length. But this definition of the equinox is a bit misleading. Since it gets light before the sun rises and remains light after the sun sets, the actual period of darkness at the equinox will be substantially less than twelve hours, the exact amount depending on latitude and how one defines the boundary between twilight and night. […] In practice, one cannot determine the equinox by measuring the length of time between sunrise and sunset.

2005，Clive [L. N.] Ruggles，“Equinoxes”, in Ancient Astronomy: An Encyclopedia of Cosmologies and Myth，Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN，頁 148:

[…] Midsummer’s Day falls near the beginning of summer meteorologically, but was the midpoint of summer in the traditional calendar. Though Midsummer’s Day celebrations are common in the modern Celtic countries, there is no evidence that the ancient Celts celebrated either the solstices or the equinoctes.

2006，John T. Koch，“calendar, Celtic”, in Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia，卷 I, Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, §4 (The Seasons)，頁 332，列 1:

一種強風，被認為在春分前後頻繁出現，現在知道是一種誤解；春分大風

The Equinox drove the sand into their faces or round their legs, as they dived among the sheep-haunted hollows.

1920年September1日，Rudyard Kipling，“The Satisfaction of a Gentleman”, in The London Magazine，London: Hunt and Clarke, […], →OCLC; republished on the website of The Kipling Society，accessed 7 September 2022，存檔自the original on 2021-12-22:


erica

I have now arrived at the third year since the ericas were seedlings and cuttings; and, as much can be said in this stage of their growth applicable to future years, it is my intention to do so.

1840，John Claudius Loudon，The Gardener's Magazine and Register of Rural & Domestic Improvement:


yakitori

借自日語 焼き鳥 (yakitori)，來自焼き (yaki，“烤”) + 鳥 (tori)。

/jækɪˈtɔəɹi/

We should have the bazaars full of yakitori pitches and geishas in bamboo cages.

2006，Thomas Pynchon，Against the Day，Vintage, 出版於 2007，頁 851:


Yangtze

來自漢語 揚子／扬子和揚子江／扬子江 (Yángzǐ Jiāng)官話發音的不規則羅馬化，原是指揚子津 (Yángzǐjīn)，揚州附近的一個舊渡口，以前是長江下游的名稱，後來被外國遊客用於整個長江。民間詞源認為該名稱意思為「海洋之子」，源自同音誤用的洋子江，據說是利瑪竇所用的，這個名稱在他去世後出版的日記中使該河流在歐洲廣為人知，寫成拉丁語 Iansu、Iansuchian。

That Riuer of Nanquin which I called (Yamſu or) Ianſu, the ſonne of the Sea, goeth Northward to Nanquin, and then returning ſomewhat Southward, runneth into the Sea with great force; fortie myles from which it paſſeth by Nanquin. And that from hence to Pequin there might bee paſſage by Riuers, the Kings of China haue deriued a large Channell from this to another Riuer, called the Yellow Riuer, ſuch being the colour of that troubled water. This is the other famous Riuer of that Kingdome, in greatneſſe and note, which ariſesth without the Kingdome to the Weſt, out of the Hill Cunlun, conjectured to bee the ſame whence Ganges ariſeth, or one neere to it.

流经南京的这条河，我称之为“扬子江”或“洋子江”，“大洋之子”，它向北流经南京，然后稍微转向南，奔流入海：入海口距离南京有四十里远。从这里到北京还有河流可以通行，中国历代国王从这条河开凿了一条大水道，通向另一条河，称为黄河，因为该河水颜色浑浊而得名。这是该国另一条著名的河流，气势磅礴，声名显赫，发源于王国西部的昆仑山，那里据推测是恒河的发源地，或靠近恒河的发源地。

1625，Samuel Purchas，Pvrchas His Pilgrimes，卷 III, London, →OCLC，頁 340:

You will perceive that the British and French commissioners ascend the Yangtze at pleasure, and have the steamers of their respective countries at their disposal. I was compelled, for the want of other conveyance, to come hither in a little British steamer which plies between Shanghai and Hong Kong.

您会发现，英国和法国的专员们可以随意沿长江而上，并可以使用他们各自国家的轮船。由于没有其他交通工具，我不得不乘坐一艘往返于上海和香港之间的英国小轮船来到这里。

1853年December8日，Humphrey Marshall，Documents Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States with Other Countries，期 37, Macao: A.O.P. Nicholson, 出版於 1854, →OCLC，頁s 323–324:

The Bishop of Shanghai desires that the bounds of his jurisdiction shall be more clearly expressed, and that therefore his title shall hereafter be, "The Bishop of Shanghai, having jurisdiction in the lower valley of Yangtze." The jurisdiction will be sufficiently large. The Yangtze River is three thousand miles in length, and the population on its borders numbers one hundred millions. As there are already three Bishops of the Church of England, with a large Missionary force of English Clergy, in that empire, Bishop Boone desires that his jurisdiction be limited to the population on the lower Yangtze, a line of eight hundred miles.

上海主教希望更清楚地表达他的管辖范围，因此他的头衔今后将是“上海主教，管辖长江下游流域”。管辖范围将足够大。长江长三千英里，其两岸的人口达一亿。由于该（清）帝国已有三位英国国教主教，以及一支庞大的英国神职人员传教士队伍，布恩主教希望他的管辖范围仅限于长江下游八百英里的人口。

1887 [1886年October19日]，G. T. Bedell, Thomas H. Vail, B. W. Morris, Geo. F. Seymour, Wm. J. Boone，“Fourteenth Day's Proceedings”, in Journal of the Proceedings of the Bishops, Clergy, and Laity of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America，Chicago，頁 99:

It is not till the Yangtze reaches Sha-shih that its character completely changes. The first note of change is a great embankment, thirty feet high, which protects the region from inundation. Below Sha-shih the vast river becomes mixed up with a network of lakes and rivers, connected by canals, the area of the important Tungting Lake being over 2000 square miles.

直到长江到达沙市，其性质才完全改变。第一个变化是一条三十英尺高的大堤，保护该地区免遭洪水侵袭。在沙市下游，这条宽阔的河流与由运河连接的湖泊和河流网络混合在一起，其中重要的洞庭湖面积超过2000平方英里。

1900，Isabella L. Bird，The Yangtze Valley and Beyond，卷 1，頁s 9-10:

Of the northernmost one of these folds, the writer has some faint recollection of seeing the folded strata. They form the hills to the west of Han-yung and the central ridge across the city of Wu-chang and extends further east; the west-easterly course of the Yang-tze below Yang-lo (lat. 30° 30' N.) is in all probability determined by this E-W fold.

1918，J.S. Lee，The Geology of China，University of Birmingham, →OCLC，頁 320:

Aside from the Turfan depression in Hsin-chiang (Sinkiang) province, the hottest part of China lies in the middle and lower Yangtze Valley. Maximum temperatures of 43°-44°C (110°-112°F) have been recorded in Ch'ang-sha and Nan-ching.

除新疆省吐鲁番盆地外，中国最热的地区位于长江中下游。长沙和南京的最高气温曾达到43°-44°C (110°-112°F) 。

1969，Yi-Fu Tuan，China，Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company，頁 22:

Early in the summer of 1127 the emperor was located near the city of Nan-ching just south of the Yangtze River.

1127年初夏，皇帝位于长江南岸的南京城附近。

1974，John H. Winkelman，The Imperial Library in Southern Sung China, 1127-1279 : A Study of the Organization and Operation of the Scholarly Agencies of the Central Government，頁 12:

The Chinese Communists destroyed natural resources by widening the Yangtze River, and brought natural disasters to the mainland, including the worst floods in Szechwan province and other areas.

中国共产党拓宽长江，破坏了自然资源，给大陆带来了自然灾害，包括四川省和其他地区最严重的洪水。

1982年January3日，“News Stories of Year on Peiping Selected”, in Free China Weekly，卷 XXIII, 期 1, Taipei，頁 3:

The rains swelled the Yangtze River, raising record water levels on July 19 at the Three Gorges Dam, upriver from the city of Wuhan.

降雨导致长江水位上涨，7月19日武汉上游三峡大坝的水位达到历史最高水平。

2020年August10日，“Worst Rains in Decades Cause China Flooding”, in Time，卷 196, 期s 5-6，頁 10:

The building, on the outskirts of Ezhou, a city on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, is hailed as the world’s biggest free-standing pig farm, with a second, identical hog high-rise opening soon.

该建筑位于长江南岸城市鄂州的郊区，被誉为世界上最大的独立式养猪场，而另一座与之相同的养猪大楼也即将开业。

2023年February8日，Daisuke Wakabayashi, Claire Fu，“China’s Bid to Improve Food Production? Giant Towers of Pigs.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2023-02-08:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:Yangtze。


yesternight

來自中古英語 yesternyght，yisternight，來自古英語 ġiestranniht (“昨夜”)，等價於yester- + night。

What man was he talk'd with you yesternight
 Out at your window betwixt twelve and one?

昨天晚上在十二点钟到一点钟之间，
在你的窗口跟你谈话的那个男人是谁？

c. 1598，William Shakespeare，“Act IV, Scene 1”, in Much Ado About Nothing:

It is in the power of my hand to do you hurt: but the God of your father spake unto me yesternight, saying, Take thou heed that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad.

我手中原有能力害你，只是你父親的神昨夜對我說：『你要小心，不可與雅各說好說歹。』

1611，King James Version of the Bible, Genesis 31:29:

[…] when the Templar crossed the hall yesternight, he spoke to his Mussulman slaves in the Saracen language, which I well understand, and charged them this morning to watch the journey of the Jew […]

[…] 昨晚聖殿騎士穿過大廳時，跟他的穆斯林奴隸用薩拉森語講了幾句話；我聽得懂這種語言，他是要他們今天早上監視你的行蹤 […]

[…] she has disturbed me, night and day, through eighteen years—incessantly—remorselessly—till yesternight; and yesternight I was tranquil.

[…] 她擾了我日日夜夜，十八年以來——不斷地——毫無憐憫的——一直到昨夜；昨夜我平靜了。

1847，Emily Brontë，章號 29, in Wuthering Heights:

I came here yesternight for a call of nature and to do what none can do for me, when lo! a mouse came out of the water, and squeaked at me and swelled and waxed gross till it was big as a buffalo, and spoke to me words that entered my ears. Then he left me here and went away.

昨晚，我来这里解手，突然一只耗子从水池里钻出来吱吱乱叫，只见牠渐渐变大，变得像水牛那样肥壮，然后说了几句人话，丢下我走了。

1885，Richard F. Burton，章號 XXII, in The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night，卷 I, The Burton Club，頁 228:


yestreen

繼承自中古英語 yestreen，源自 yestereven (“昨夜”)，繼承自 古英語 ġiestranǣfen (“昨夜”)，等價於yester- + e'en (“傍晚；晚上”)。和西弗里斯蘭語 justerjûn (“昨夜”) 同源。

yestereen (alternative)
yestreens (plural)

It was the creature Dougal that extricated me, as he did yestreen […]

You have not forgotten our telephone conversation of yestreen, Jeeves?

1960，P. G. Wodehouse，章號 11, in Jeeves in the Offing:


yew

源自中古英語 ew，源自古英語 īw、ēow，源自原始日耳曼語 *īwaz、*īhwaz（對比冰島語 ýr），*īwō的陽性變體（對比荷蘭語 ijf、德語 Eibe），源自原始印歐語 *h₁eyHweh₂。
也見赫梯語 [需要文字] (eja，“一種常綠樹”)、威爾士語 yw (“紫杉”)、愛爾蘭語 eo [與古英語 īw、ēow同源]；以及拉特加萊語 īva (“稠李”)、立陶宛語 ievà (“稠李”)、俄語 и́ва (íva，“柳樹”)。

To prevent a too great consumption of yew, bowyers were directed to make four bows of witch-hazel, ash or elm, to one of yew, and no person under seventeen years of age, unless possessed of moveables worth forty marks, of the son of parents having an estate of ten pounds per annum might shoot in an yew bow, under a penalty of 6s. 8d.

1786，Francis Grose，A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons，頁 37:


yo-yo

原是商標名。最可能源自伊洛卡諾語 yóyo，或另一菲律賓語族同源詞。

It is hard to watch the management for very long and not conclude that the place is run by a bunch of yo-yos.

Now look at them yo-yos, that's the way you do it

1985，Sting & Mark Knopfler （作曲作詞）, “Money for Nothing”, in Brothers in Arms，演出者 Dire Straits:

Henry glanced past him at the few other customers currently in attendance. "Hey! Any of you yo-yos headed up Castle Hill?"


yoga

借自查莫羅語 yoga。

A mealybug, Pseudococcus nr. microadonidum Beardsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) has been found feeding on the foliage of E. joga. This mealybug was sometimes found in the domatia of yoga leaves. It has been recorded on coconut, banana, and pandanus from Kiribati, Pohnpei, and Marshall Islands. This insect is a new record on yoga and for Guam.

2002，“Pests of Elaeocarpus joga in Guam”, in Micronesica，卷 34, 期 2，頁 109:


Xuchang

借自官話 許昌／许昌 (Xǔchāng)的漢語拼音。

許昌（地級市名，位於中國河南）

The following autumn Rev. Edwins, in company with Rev. Landahl of the Hauge Mission, fared forth on Chinese carts for central Honan, finally arriving, after many dangers and vicissitudes on the way, at Hsüchow (now Hsüchang) on the Peking-Hankow Railroad.

次年秋天，艾德温牧师和海牙传教团的兰达尔牧师一起，乘坐中国马车前往河南中部，一路上历经艰险，终于抵达京汉铁路旁的许州（今许昌）。

[1938 December，Gustav Carlberg，The Story of Our China Mission [我们中国宣教的故事]，Board of Foreign Missions of the Augustana Synod, →OCLC，頁 6:

Chiang habitually failed to take the advice of competent strategists. One especially harmful display of this tendency came in 1948 when, against the advice of his staff and American advisers, he massed more than fifty divisions around Hsuchang to prevent Communist forces from dominating central China. The result was a complete disaster in which 550,000 Nationalist soldiers were lost, an estimated 325,000 as prisoners.

蒋介石经常不听取有能力的战略家的建议。这种倾向的一个特别有害的表现是在1948年，当时，他不顾参谋和美国顾问的建议，在许昌周围集结了50多个师，以阻止共产党军队控制华中地区。结果，国民党士兵损失了55万，估计有32.5万人被俘。

[2007，Brian Taylor，“Chiang Kai-shek and the Loss of China”, in Washington College International Studies Review，卷 IV，頁 72:

The police in the Henan city of Xuchang said on Monday that they were investigating a criminal gang headed by a man named Lu Yi whom they say may have used Henan New Fortune Group to amass control of the rural banks, and used fictitious loans to illegally transfer funds.

河南省许昌市警方周一称，他们正在调查一个以吕奕为首的犯罪团伙，警方称该团伙可能利用河南新财富集团控制村镇银行，并通过虚假贷款非法转移资金。

2022年July11日，Zixu Wang, Austin Ramzy，“Security Forces in China Attack Protesters Seeking Frozen Funds”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 2022-07-11, Business:


xian

Xian的首字母小寫形。

(有時帶冒犯性或貶義) Xian的另一種寫法: 基督教的

But what an epoch in the xian world—what a time for a xian Orator to make a deep & eternal impression on socity:Template:SIC.

1993，Mary Moody Emerson，The Selected Letters of Mary Moody Emerson，Athens: University of Georgia Press，頁 242:


wartime

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-wartime.wav

But, she says, a wartime ban on recordings using shellac and vinyl kept the Walker version from being released.

然而，她指出，由于战时对虫胶和乙烯基唱片录制材料的禁令，沃克（Walker）的版本最终未能发行。

2002年April29日，Norman Pearlstine，“A Month Of Mondays If that doesn't give you the blues, nothing will. Norman Pearlstine ranks his favorite versions of the classic "Stormy Monday Blues"--one for every doggone working day of the month.”, in CNN Money:

Significant rail projects have been mothballed before in the face of changed circumstances - in particular, the LNER Woodhead project which was postponed due to wartime conditions and not revived until 1948, as money became available after nationalisation.

历史上，重大铁路项目因形势变化而遭搁置的情况并不鲜见——尤其是伦敦及东北铁路公司（LNER）的伍德海德（Woodhead）隧道工程，该项目曾受战时条件影响而延期，直至1948年国有化后资金到位才得以重启。

2020年December2日，Industry Insider，“The costs on cutting carbon”, in Rail，頁 76:


whithersoever

And a certaine Scribe came, and ſaid vnto him, Maſter, I will follow thee whitherſoeuer thou goeſt.

有一個經文士前來對他說：「老師，無論你到哪裡去，我都要跟從你。」

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 8:19，列 1:

JONES was commanded to leave the Houſe immediately, and told, that his Clothes and every thing elſe ſhould be ſent to him whitherſoever he ſhould order them.

1749，Henry Fielding，“XII. Containing Love Letters, &c.”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史]，卷 II, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VI，頁 305:

[…] whithersoever he turned, the bars and shackles of civilization shut him in and bound him hand and foot.

[…] 他无论走到哪里，文明都束缚着他的手脚。

1876，Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens]，章號 XXXV, in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer，Hartford, Conn.: The American Publishing Company, →OCLC，頁 270:

[T]he flaming pillar slowly twisted and thundered off whithersoever it passes to in the bowels of the great earth, leaving Ayesha standing where it had been.

1887，H. Rider Haggard，She: A History of Adventure:

But again I thought of the emptiness and horror of reality, and boldly prepared to follow whithersoever I might be led.

1926, H.P. Lovecraft, Weird Tales, 8, No.3, 373-80.


wholeheartedly

whole-heartedly (alternative)
more wholeheartedly (comparative)
most wholeheartedly (superlative)

He jumped in wholeheartedly and began to learn the language.

他全心投入，开始学习这门语言。

Fans relished the traditional FA Cup fanfare from the Coldstream Guards and the hymn Abide With Me before throwing themselves wholeheartedly into an experience they have been largely deprived of since the first coronavirus lockdown began in March 2020.

2021年May15日，Phil McNulty，“Chelsea 0-1 Leicester”, in BBC Sport:


wok

來自粵語 鑊／镬 (wok6)。

The 'wok' is an efficient, all-purpose metal cooking vessel used by every housewife in China. It has two handles and is shaped like a shallow cone.

鑊是每個中國主婦都會使用的金屬製廚具，它既高效，同時又具有多種功能。鑊有兩個柄，形狀像一個淺圓錐。

1977，Marguerite Fawdry，Chinese Childhood, →ISBN，頁 86:


weka

[…] riroriros would be twittering overhead, with a shy weka peeping round a tree trunk. Wekas were very common then; they were our weather forecasters. Before rain their calls were always louder and repeated more frequently.

1964, Forest and Bird (issues 151-170, page 15)

Thin darned socks, and old old clothes. The greatcoat. A superb weka feather cloak.

1983，Keri Hulme，The Bone People，Penguin, 出版於 1986，頁 374:


well-worn

more well-worn (comparative)
most well-worn (superlative)

The decay of social norms and status quo systems triggering an authoritarian tightening of the screws is a well-worn pattern throughout human history.

2023年August28日，Charles Hugh Smith，Neither Comply Nor Resist:


whacked

more whacked (comparative)
most whacked (superlative)

吸毒後進入興奮狀態的，嗑嗨的

Big Dima said he found it 'very much sexiness' knowing we could hear him getting whacked on speed and fucking Svetlana's rather sparse brains out almost every day.

2014，Boris Mihailovic，At the Altar of the Road Gods: Stories of motorcycles and other drugs:


verboten

借自德語 verboten (“禁止的，不許的”)。

Before that, students and professors could date whomever we wanted; the next day we were off-limits to one another—verboten, traife, dangerous (and perhaps, therefore, all the more alluring).

在此之前，學生和教授可以和我們想要的任何人約會；第二天，我們彼此都被禁止了——被禁止的，不潔淨的，危險的（也許，因而更有吸引力）。

2015年February27日，Laura Kipnis，“Sexual Paranoia Strikes Academe”, in The Chronicle of Higher Education:

Or was it because he has since been steeped in the relentless positivity of Silicon Valley, where it is verboten to imagine a bad outcome?

還是因為他後來一直沉浸在矽谷無情的積極態度中，在那裡，想像一個壞的結果是被禁止的？

2018年August2日，Kara Swisher，“The Expensive Education of Mark Zuckerberg and Silicon Valley”, in New York Times:


vermouth

借自法語 vermout、vermouth，來字德語 Wermut (“蒿”)。wormwood 的同源對似詞。

He gazed around until on the lid of a spinet he spotted a promising collection of bottles, gin, whiskey, vermouth and sherry, mixed with violin bows, a flute, a toppling pile of books, six volumes of Grove's Dictionary mingled with paperback thrillers, a guitar without any strings, a pair of binoculars, a meerschaum pipe and a jar half-full of wasps and apricot jam.

1956，Delano Ames，章號 14, in Crime out of Mind:

Vermouth originated in the 18th century, when wine growers in the foothills of the French and Italian Alps developed a method of enhancing the taste of sour or uncompromising wines with the infusion of a variety of sweeteners, spices, herbs, roots, seeds, flowers, and peel.

2014，Ray Foley，Bartending For Dummies，John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN，頁 116:


vancomycin

源自 vanquish + -o- + -mycin (“由链霉菌菌株产生的抗生素”)。

Vancomycin was given intravenously in doses of 0.5 gm. at 6-hour intervals for periods of up to 4 weeks to 9 patients, all of whom had staphylococcal infections.

9名患者均患有葡萄球菌感染，以0.5克的剂量每隔6小时静脉注射万古霉素，疗程最长为4周。

1956，J. Geraci，“Some Laboratory and Clinical Experiences with a New Antibiotic, Vancomycin”, in Proc. Staff, Meetings Mayo Clinic，卷 31, 期 21，頁 564:


vandalism

借自法語 vandalisme，等同於vandal + -ism。最早由亨利·格雷瓜尔用來譴責法國大革命期間對藝術品的掠奪與破壞，指的是455年洗劫羅馬的汪达尔人。

As we turned down the street I was appalled by the vandalism: spray paint and smashed windows that were everywhere.

Bradford once boasted two stations with overall roofs. The pair were swept away in the 1970s in an act of corporate and civic vandalism.

2022年November2日，Paul Bigland，“New trains, old trains, and splendid scenery”, in RAIL，期 969，頁 57:


verst

借自俄語 верста́ (verstá)，部分經由德語 Werst、法語 verste。

versta (alternative)
verste (alternative)
werst (alternative)
versts (plural)

|The hill Pulkowa, twelve miles (seventeen wersts) south of Admiralty Palace in St. Petersburg, […]

1849, "The Observatory at Pulkowa" The North American Review Volume 0069 Issue 144 (July 1849):

‘Is it much further, Michael?’ she asked the clerk, to dispel the thoughts that frightened her. ‘They say it's seven versts from this village.’

1918，Aylmer and Louise Maude，譯者 Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina，Oxford, 出版於 1998，頁 604:

You have to tramp three or four versts to get to the exhibition of war loot, past Fabergé eggs and the Impressionists.


vaseline

由美國的化學家Robert Augustus Chesebrough在1872造出，來自德語 Wasser (“水”) + 古希臘語 ἔλαιον (élaion，“油”) + -ine。

Hearts of putty, hearts of vaseline...

任何特殊種類的凡士林或任何類似的潤滑劑

A Russian vaseline has been lately added to the many kinds of vaseline found in […]

1882，Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry:


vaticinate

源自拉丁語 vāticinātus，vāticinor (“預言，預示”) 的完成時被動分詞。

vaticinates (third-person singular present)
vaticinating (present participle)
vaticinated (past participle)

With a slow step, and tears in her eyes, Mrs. Glentworth, vaticinating trouble of some kind, proceeded to cut the string and break the seal of her pacquet.

1842，[anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon]，章號 LI, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […]，卷 III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC，頁 27:


viewport

viewports (third-person singular present)
viewporting (present participle)
viewported (past participle)

調整（圖像或區域）以與視角適配

Some general ideas on clipping, viewporting, and windowing can be found in Rogers and Adams.

Viewporting is an operation that takes the portion of the picture that has been mapped into the square region delimited by -1,+1,-1,+1 and further maps it into a rectangular subregion of the screen (a viewport).

1980，MTS, the Michigan Terminal System，卷 17，頁 42:

The main thing I want you to take away from this chapter is knowing where to start and creating a very simple viewported web site using nothing more than an extra <meta> tag and simple HTML.

2012，Scott Preston，Learn HTML5 and JavaScript for iOS: