sanguinary

more sanguinary (comparative)
most sanguinary (superlative)

/ˈsæŋɡwɪnəɹi/

We may not propagate religion by wars, or by sanguinary persecutions to force consciences.

1625, Francis Bacon, "Unity in Religion" (Google preview):

It was not merely distaste for court life at Ch’ang An that urged the emperor to make war upon this country. China had substantial grievances against the peninsula kingdom. In the year A.D. 642 P’ing Jang, the Korean capital, had been convulsed by a revolution more sanguinary and more successful than that which had menaced the Chinese court.

1933，“The Korean War and the Closing Years A.D. 645-50”, in Son of Heaven: A Biography of Li Shih-Min, founder of the T’ang Dynasty，Cambridge University Press, 出版於 1971, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 187:

Passion […] makes us brutal and sanguinary.

"The defence set up for Mahomet is equally availing for every sanguinary and revengeful tyrant; […]"

1877，Samuel Green，The Life of Mahomet: Founder of the Religion of Islamism and of the Empire of the Saracens with Notices of the History of Islamism and of Arabia，頁 126:

I was once, I remember, called to a patient who had received a violent contusion in his tibia, by which the exterior cutis was lacerated, so that there was a profuse sanguinary discharge […]

1749，Henry Fielding，The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史]，卷 (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

Here is the premeditation, the thrill, the strain of accumulating victory or disaster—and no smashed nor sanguinary bodies […], that we who are old enough to remember a real modern war know to be the reality of belligerence.

1913，H. G. Wells，Little Wars, Section VI:

We reached the Point just as a flood of sunset light was dripping from the heavens, staining the lagoon an ominous, sanguinary hue.

1929，Robert Dean Frisbee，The Book of Puka-Puka，Eland, 出版於 2019，頁 117:


OMG

這是oh my God的縮寫，儘管有時為了避免冒犯而使用委婉語來解釋。在首次出現時，這也是對聖米迦勒及聖喬治勳章（Order of St Michael and St George）的雙關語參考。

/ˌəʊ.ɛmˈd͡ʒiː/

/ˌoʊ.ɛmˈd͡ʒiː/

由於提及了上帝，OMG可能會被一些人認為具有冒犯性，儘管可以聲稱用意是委婉語，例如oh my gosh或oh my goodness，以減少冒犯。

OMG, I just won tickets to a concert! Today is the best day ever!

天哪，我刚刚赢了一张音乐会的门票！今天是我人生中最美好的一天！

…and then he said I was ugly, so I punched him in the face. — OMG, really?

……然后他说我醜，所以我就给了他的脸一拳。——天哪，真的吗？

I hear that a new order of Knighthood is on the tapis—O.M.G. (Oh! My God!)—Shower it on the Admiralty!!

1917年September9日，John A.F. Fisher，letter to Winston Churchill:

10 Bands, 50 bands, 100 bands, fuck it, man / Let's just not even discuss it, man / OMG, niggas sleep, I ain't trippin', I'ma let 'em sleep

2015，“10 Bands”, in If You’re Reading This It’s Too Late，演出者 Drake:


panentheism

借自德語 Panentheismus，1828年由卡尔·克里斯蒂安·弗里德里希·克劳泽所創造，借用古希臘語 πᾶν ἐν θεῷ (pân en theôi，“所有的神”)加上 + -ismus (“表示主義的後綴”)而成。

pan-en-theism (alternative)
Panentheism (alternative)
Pan-en-theism (alternative)

The third great age of humanity (das Reifalter) is that in which all its powers are fully and harmoniously developed... and in which panentheism is universally and cordially accepted as the only true and adequate doctrine either of science or of society.

1874，Robert Flint，The Philosophy of History in France and Germany，頁 484:

Pantheism or panentheism... is condemned by the Church, as well as by the teachings of Schopenhauer and of the modern Hartmann.

1895，Benito Pérez Galdós，Doña perfecta，頁 84:

This panentheistic doctrine contains all of deism and pandeism except their arbitrary negations. Thus ARCW, or absolute-relative panentheism, is the one doctrine that really states the whole of what all theists, if not all atheists as well, are implicitly talking about.

1964，Charles Hartshorne，Man's Vision of God and the Logic of Theism，頁 348:


acquire

來自中古英語 acqueren，來自古法語 aquerre，來自拉丁語 acquirō；ad- + quaerō (“在……中搜索”)。參見quest。

acquires (third-person singular present)
acquiring (present participle)
acquired (past participle)

all the riches he acquired were from hard work.

他獲得的所有財富都來自辛勤勞動。

One should acquire as much knowledge as possible from reading.

人應該通過閱讀盡可能多地獲取知識。

to acquire a skill

to acquire decent habits and manners

Ivor had acquired more than a mile of fishing rights with the house ; he was not at all a good fisherman, but one must do something ; one generally, however, banged a ball with a squash-racket against a wall.

1922，Michael Arlen，“3/19/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:


anchor

繼承自中古英語 anker，來自古英語 ancor、ancra，來自拉丁語 ancora，來自(或同源) 古希臘語 ἄγκυρα (ánkura)。現代形式是16世紀修改後的中世紀拉丁語拼寫anchora。

Men that I knew around Wapatomac didn't wear high, shiny plug hats, nor yeller spring overcoats, nor carry canes with ivory heads as big as a catboat's anchor, as you might say.

1913，Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln，章號 X, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients，New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC，頁 1:


anchor

繼承自中古英語 anchoren、ankeren，可能源自名詞或（經由古法語 ancrer）來自中世紀拉丁語動詞ancorare，均來自相同拉丁語詞彙ancora。

anchour (alternative)
anchors (third-person singular present)
anchoring (present participle)
anchored (past participle)

It is an incredible tale and one that makes no sense on so many levels. Only two years ago Leicester were anchored to the foot of the Premier League and staring at the prospect of relegation to the Championship under Nigel Pearson.

2017年March14日，Stuart James，“Leicester stun Sevilla to reach last eight after Kasper Schmeichel save”, in the Guardian:


dutch

dutches (third-person singular present)
dutching (present participle)
dutched (past participle)

Dutch的首字母小寫形：給可可加碱

Natural cocoa has not been "dutched". I actually prefer the natural, but if you use it, be sure to increase the baking soda to compensate for the additional acid.

2011，boulangere (user name)，“Is Hersheys Special Dark "A blend of Natural and Dutched Cocoas" The same as "Dutch Processed Cocoa Powder?"”, in Food52:


allow

自中世紀拉丁語 allocō (“分配”)，與 alouer 合併為中世紀拉丁語 allaudō，其現在主動不定式 allaudāre，至盎格魯-諾曼語 allouer、alouer，借至中古英語 allowen、alowen 而來。(透过 allaudāre) allaud 或 (透过 allocāre) allocate 的同源對似詞。
與中古英語 alyfen (源自古英語 ālīefan) 和德語 erlauben 皆源自原始日耳曼語 *uzlaubijaną (“允許”)的相似性純屬巧合。

allows (third-person singular present)
allowing (present participle)
allowed (past participle)

to allow a servant his liberty; to allow a free passage; to allow one day for rest

讓傭人獲得自由；開放免費通行；預留一天時間休息

[…] he needed a great deal of money, but his uncle only allowed him two thousand roubles a year, which was not enough, and for days together he would run about Moscow with his tongue out, as the saying is.

[…] 他需要一大筆錢，但他的叔叔一年只給他兩千盧布，並不夠，一連幾天，他都在莫斯科四處奔波，就像俗話說的：累得伸舌頭。

2004年 [1895年]，康斯坦斯加內特 (譯者)，“Ariadne”, in The Darling: and Other Stories，根據安東·契訶夫原著改編的翻譯作品:

I will allow my son to be absent.

With fresh material, taxonomic conclusions are leavened by recognition that the material examined reflects the site it occupied; a herbarium packet gives one only a small fraction of the data desirable for sound conclusions. Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get[…]

有了新鮮材料，分類學結論得以因認識到所檢驗的材料反映其所佔據的地點而更為完善；標本館包裹僅提供了作出合理結論時所需資料的一小部分。標本館的材料確實無法讓人們安全地進行推測：所見即所得 […]

1992年，魯道夫馬蒂亞斯舒斯特，The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian，卷 V, 伊州芝加哥: 菲爾德自然史博物館, →ISBN，頁 vii:

Although I don't consent to their holding such meetings, I will allow them for the time being.

雖然我不贊同他們舉辦這樣的會議，但我暫時會允許他們進行。

Smoking allowed only in designated areas.

僅在指定區域內允許吸菸。

The use of algorithms in policing is one example of their increasing influence on our lives. And, as their ubiquity spreads, so too does the debate around whether we should allow ourselves to become so reliant on them – and who, if anyone, is policing their use.

演算法在執法中的應用就是其對我們生活影響日益增長的一個例子。隨著它們的普及，關於我們是否應該容許自己如此依賴它們——以及是否有人在監督它們的使用——的辯論也在擴大。

2013年July26日，里歐希克曼，“How algorithms rule the world”, in 衛報周刊，卷 189, 期 7，頁 26:

to allow a right; to allow a claim; to allow an appeal

承認權利；同意主張；接受申請

You must allow that disagreeing about politics puts a strain on a relationship.

你必須承認政治上的分歧會給關係帶來壓力。

Mr. Knightley, I shall not allow you to be a fair judge in this case.

奈特利先生，我不會讓你在這起案件中擔任公正的法官。

1815年，珍·奧斯丁，章號 5, in 愛瑪，卷 1:

I allow, with Mrs. Grundy and most moralists, that Miss Newcome's conduct[…]was highly reprehensible.

我同意，與格倫迪夫人及大多數道德家一樣，紐康小姐的行為 […] 是極其應受譴責的。

Half the night passed before the wench allowed that it might be safe to stop.

過了半夜，那丫頭才認為停下來可能是安全的。

2000年，喬治瑞蒙李察馬丁，劍刃風暴，Bantam, 出版於 2011年，頁 154:

The inlet allowed a facility to bring the money in a boat secretly and at night to the very foot of the hill.

該入口讓人能夠在夜間秘密地用船把錢運送到山腳下。

1824年，華盛頓·歐文，“The Devil and Tom Walker”, in Tales of a Traveller:

A “moving platform” scheme[…]is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by stepping through docking bays.

「移動平台」計劃 […] 雖然依賴於傳統鐵軌，但比磁懸浮列車在技術上更具野心。地方列車將使用並行的鐵軌與城際列車並排行駛，並通過對接艙讓乘客能夠換乘。

2013年June1日，“Ideas coming down the track”, in 經濟學人，卷 407, 期 8838，頁 13 (Technology Quarterly):

Truly ye bear witness that ye allow the deeds of your fathers

你們的確作證，你們認可了你們祖先的行為。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 11:48:

We commend his pains, condemn his pride, allow his life, approve his learning.

我們讚揚他的努力，譴責他的傲慢，認可他的一生，讚許他的學識。

Therefore so please thee to return with us,
And of our Athens—thine and ours—to take
The captainship, thou shalt be met with thanks,
Allow'd with absolute power, and thy good name
Live with authority. So soon we shall drive back
Of Alcibiades the approaches wild,
Who, like a boar too savage, doth root up
His country's peace.

因此，若你願意與我們一同回去
接管我們共同的雅典的
領導地位，你將受到感激
被賦予絕對的權力，你的美名
將伴隨權威流傳。我們很快就會擊退
阿爾西比亞德斯那狂野的攻勢
他如同一頭兇猛的野豬，正在撕毀
國家的和平

1623年，威廉莎士比亞，雅典的泰門:

How allow you the model of these clothes?

你覺得這些衣服的款式如何？

1632年，菲利普馬辛格, 納森菲爾德，The Fatal Dowry, 第 4 幕，場景 1:

Easy on violence, now I doubt it
I could’ve banged this face but allowed it

我現在質疑平和面對暴力的做法
我本可以揍這張臉，但我放過他了

2021年November3日，“Who's My man?”, Starzzy #MostHated 作詞，0:30:


accentuate

* 首次記錄於1731年。
* (強調)： 首次記錄於1865年。
* 派生自中世紀拉丁語 accentuātus，accentuāre 的過去分詞，派生自 拉丁語 accentus。

accentuates (third-person singular present)
accentuating (present participle)
accentuated (past participle)

強調；使…更突出，使…更明顯

our danger and insolation only accentuated the incompatibility

1898, H. G. Wells, The War of the Worlds/Book 2/Chapter 3

These were business hours, and a feeling of loneliness crept over him, perhaps germinated by his sight of the illustrated papers, and accentuated by an attempted perusal of them.

1913，Robert Barr，章號 5, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:


submachine gun

Bare-chested children and their parents gathered in doorways, on roofs and in windows as he passed, watched warily by Brazilian troops carrying submachine guns.

当他经过时，赤裸上身的孩子和他们的父母聚集在门口、屋顶和窗户上，手持冲锋枪的巴西士兵警惕地注视着他。

2007年March9日，Jim Rutenberg, Larry Rohter，“Bush’s South America Tour Incites Fight for Attention”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


porphyria

/pɔː(ɹ)ˈfɪɹɪə/

The term porphyria, derived from the Greek word porphyra, meaning purple, is apt because a hallmark of most of the porphyrias is the overexcretion of porphyrins in urine or feces.

2000，Herbert L. Bonkovsky，Richard W. Lambrecht，“44: Hemochromatosis, iron overload, and porphyria cutanea tarda”, in Hemochromatosis: Genetics, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment，頁 453:

However, the appearance of homozygous forms without consanguinity and coincidence of two types of porphyria in the same patient, dual porphyrias, is possible.

2003, M. Lecha, C. Herrero, D. Ozalla, Porphyrias, Andreas D. Katsambas, Torello M. Lotti (editors), European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments, page 419,

The usual presenting symptoms and signs of porphyrias are either skin photosensitivity or neurovisceral symptoms and signs.

2010，James C. Barton，Corwin Q. Edwards，Pradyumna D. Phatak，Robert S. Britton，Bruce R. Bacon，Handbook of Iron Overload Disorders，頁 160:


rent boy

Francis Urquhart: Got anything on him?
Tim Stamper: There was a whiff of scandal about ten years ago.
Francis Urquhart: Rent boy. In a train. To Red Hill. Yes. Wanted to sell his story but we bought it and hushed him up. Be ungentlemanly to bring that up. A man's private life should be private.
Tim Stamper: On the other hand, getting sucked off in second class is hardly prime ministerial behaviour.
Francis Urquhart: Yes, you have a point there.

1990，House of Cards, Season 1, Episode 4:

An Irishman came up to him, bought him a drink, asked him if he was a rent boy, and agreed to give £40 for coming back.

1992，Donald James West, Buz De Villiers，Male prostitution，頁 93:

Just then, a rent boy with perfect white teeth and a babyface flashed me one of those unforgettable Thai smiles.

2007，John Patrick，Dangerous Boys, Rent Boys，頁 12:


cytokine

來自cyto- + 古希臘語 κίνησις (kínēsis，“活動”)。

Thus, in the case of viral infection, mechanisms of resistance would be threefold, namely, interferon production, the immune response, including both antibody and lymphokine production, and the generation of lymphokine-like substances by the infected cells themselves. These latter substances have been defined as cytokines.

1975年July13日，Bigazzi PE, Yoshida T, Ward PA, Cohen S.，“Production of Lymphokine-Like Factors (Cytokines) by Simian Virus 40-Infected and Simian Virus 40-Transformed Cell”, in The American Journal of Pathology，卷 80, 期 1，頁 69:

A fundamental feature expressed by the vast majority of cytokines is a profound immunomodulatory activity.

1991, Maxine Gowen, Cytokines and Bone Metabolism, page 26,

The cytokines are generally considered to be a group of peptides secreted by cells of the immune system such as macrophages, lymphocytes and T cells, although the same peptides may also be secreted by non-immune cells such as neurological tissues and adipocytes.

2012, Victor R. Preedy, Ross Hunter (editors), Preface, Cytokines, page v,

The cytokines provide a classic example of products of the immune system which alter brain and endocrine activities. A variety of cytokines, including interleukin 1, interleukin 2, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α, have been traditionally associated with peripheral control of the immune system, inflammation, and acute phase response.

2013, Errol B. De Souza (editor), Preface, Neurobiology of Cytokines: Methods in Neurosciences, Volume 16, page xiii,


apoptosis

來自古希臘語 ἀπόπτωσις (apóptōsis，“脫落”)，來自ἀπό (apó，“遠離”) + πτῶσις (ptôsis，“脫落”)。

The term apoptosis is proposed for a hitherto little recognized mechanism of controlled cell deletion, which appears to play a complementary but opposite role to mitosis in the regulation of animal cell populations.

1972，J. F. R. Kerr，A. H. Wyllie，A. R. Currie，“Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wide-ranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics”, in British journal of cancer，卷 26, →DOI:

Indeed, so important is apoptosis that it is gradually becoming clear that almost all therapeutic cancer treatment works only because it induces apoptosis by alerting p53 and its colleagues.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial 2004, p. 238:

Apoptosis is routine in developmental processes such as the removal of webbing between fingers in humans, the loss of tadpole tails in amphibians, and insect metamorphosis.

2011, Terence Allen and Graham Cowling, The Cell: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford 2011, p. 74:


acetaminophen

醋氨酚、乙醯胺基酚、對乙醯胺基酚

You need to take acetaminophen / Or just a little aspirin / acetylsalicylic for the pain

“I [have] actually witnessed a resident have to be taken to the emergency room because of acetaminophen toxicity,” Lee recalls. “I was pushed to find a solution because I wanted to help the residents who I volunteer for.”

2025年March28日，Ella Jeffries，This 17-Year-Old Scientist Is Making an Acetaminophen Alternative That Is Less Damaging to the Liver:


trial and error

Navigating by trial and error may get you there eventually, but using a map is faster.

通过反复试验可能最终会到达目的地，但使用地图会更快。

Trial and error was a big part of the process: "We need to fail down here so we don't fail up there," [Neil] Armstrong insists, though even some of the mistakes and malfunctions at ground level cause devastating casualties.

2018年October9日，A. A. Dowd，“The Star and Director of La La Land Reunite for First Man’s Spectacular Trip to the Moon”, in The A.V. Club，存檔自the original on 2020-06-16:


由National Puzzlers’ League會長Everett K Smith在1935年年會上創造，来自古希臘語 πνεύμων (pneúmōn，“肺”) + 拉丁語 ultra (“超”) + 英語 microscopic (“微”) + silico- (“硅”) + volcano (“火山”) + 古希臘語 κόνις (kónis，“灰塵”) + 英語 -osis (“炎癥”)，為pneumonoconiosis (“塵肺病”)的擴展。

/njuːˌmɒ.nəʊ.ʌl.tɹə.maɪ.kɹəʊˈskɒ.pɪkˌsɪ.lɪ.kəʊ.vɒl.keɪ.nəʊ.kəʊ.niˈəʊ.sɪs/

這個詞的發明純粹是為了爭奪英語中最長單字的頭銜，由45個字母和19個音節組成。這個詞在醫學上沒有正式用法，教科書將這種疾病稱為pneumonoconiosis、pneumoconiosis、silicosis。

《牛津英語詞典》將其列為最長的單字，並解釋為“一個人造詞，據稱意思是『因吸入通常在火山中發現的極微小矽塵而引發的疾病』但主要作為一個長單詞的實例出現。（a factitious word alleged to mean ‘a lung disease caused by inhalation of very fine silica dust usually found in volcanos’ but occurring chiefly as an instance of a very long word.）”。

Call it miner's asthma, silicosis, pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, or black lung—they are all dust diseases with the same symptoms.

1980 March，Lorin E. Kerr，“Black Lung”, in Journal of Public Health Policy，卷 1, 期 1, →JSTOR，頁 50:

I say that it must be the silica dust
That we breathed through our mouths and our noses
That brought pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis.

1998年August27日，Smokey，“Lament for a Lung Disease”, in talk.bizarre (Usenet), message-ID <6s3r8o$brt$1@camel15.mindspring.com>:

It's either pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis, or a bad cough.

2002年December18日，Pod，“Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis”, in alt.fan.scarecrow (Usenet), message-ID <iHSL9.2091$h43.295898@stones>:

I still can't watch House M.D. and not have my mind wonder[…] Even I can fear of:Template:SIC having Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis after watching it.

2011年April28日，Kurt D. Stradtman，Am I the Person My Mother Warned Me About?: A Four-year College Experience ... Only the Good Parts，Xlibris, →ISBN, →LCCN，頁 90:


information technology

information and communications technology

Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.

2013年July20日，“The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8845:


roma

Roma (“一種番茄”)的首字母小寫形。

Swap the vegetables for roma tomatoes (seeded), steamed new potatoes, carrots, and chickpeas (rinsed and drained); add a pinch of curry to the vinaigrette.

2008 January–February，Mark Bittman，“The only 7 meals you need for 2008”, in Men's Health，卷 23, 期 1, →ISSN，頁 138:


asap

ASAP的大小寫替代形式。

I feel the impatience in her voice, the desire to sell all her stuff asap and return home.

2023，Stephen Buoro，The Five Sorrowful Mysteries of Andy Africa，Bloomsbury Circus，頁 17:


assume

源自拉丁語 assūmō (“接受”)，构自 ad- （“向”） + sūmō （“担任”）。

assumes (third-person singular present)
assuming (present participle)
assumed (past participle)

假定；猜測；用想法來證定某件事是真實的或是有效的

We assume that, as her parents were dentists, she knows quite a bit about dentistry.

我們推測，由於她的父母都是牙醫，所以她對牙科也相當瞭解。

Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet. Perhaps we assume that our name, address and search preferences will be viewed by some unseen pair of corporate eyes, probably not human, and don't mind that much.

我們曾經把情書裝在密封的信封裡，或是把孩子的照片貼在家庭相簿裡，但現在這些隱私資料都被傳送到伺服器和雲端，而這些伺服器和雲端是由我們不認識、也永遠不會見面的人所操作的。 也許我們假設自己的姓名、地址和搜尋偏好會被一雙看不見的企業眼睛（可能不是人類的眼睛）看見，因此並不太介意。

2013年June14日，Jonathan Freedland，“Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 1，頁 18:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:assume。

擔任；擔任某個職任或是承擔某項義務

Mr. Jones will assume the position of a lifeguard until a proper replacement is found.

Jones 先生將擔任救生員一職，直到找到合適的替代人員。

His unruly hair was slicked down with water, and as Jessamy introduced him to Miss Brindle his face assumed a cherubic innocence which would immediately have aroused the suspicions of anyone who knew him.

1967，Barbara Sleigh，Jessamy，Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, 出版於 1993, →ISBN，頁 96:

So while Ralph generally seems to inhabit a different, more glorious and joyful universe than everyone else here his yearning and heartbreak are eminently relateable. Ralph sometimes appears to be a magically demented sprite who has assumed the form of a boy, but he’s never been more poignantly, nakedly, movingly human than he is here.

因此，儘管拉爾夫總體上看來居住在一個與其他人不同的、更光榮和更快樂的宇宙中，但他的渴望和心碎卻非常容易引起共鳴。 有時候，拉爾夫看起來就像一個變身為男孩的魔怔小鬼，但他從來沒有像在這裡一樣，更淒美、更赤裸、更感人。

2012年August5日，Nathan Rabin，“TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, in (請指定書籍名或刊物名):

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:assume。

The sixth was a young knight of lesser renown and lower rank, assumed into that honorable company.

1820，沃尔特·司各特，艾凡赫，卷 (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), 爱丁堡: […] Archibald Constable and Co.；伦敦：Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:


Web

Some of that content is now only available on the Web.

有些內容現在只能在網上查看。

Web page

Content on the Web is divided into individual computer files called pages.

網上的內容被劃分為單獨的計算機文檔，稱為頁面。

2008，Timothy D. Green，Abbie Brown，LeAnne Robinson，Making the Most of the Web in Your Classroom，Corwin Press, →ISBN，頁 31:


garbage collection

Java uses a technique known as garbage collection to remove objects that are no longer needed. The garbage collector is Java's grim reaper.

[2002，Patrick Niemeyer, Jonathan Knudsen，Learning Java，O'Reilly, →ISBN，頁 135:

Generational garbage collection has proved to be a highly effective organisation, offering significant performance improvements for a wide range of applications.

2016，Richard Jones, Antony Hosking, Eliot Moss，The Garbage Collection Handbook，CRC Press, →ISBN:


burn-in

倦怠前的階段，工作效率和參與度下降

A huge personal investment results in a huge ‘burn-in’. This is probably the first state that needs to be dealt with, before switching to ‘burn-out’. Indeed discussion about the important interaction between the two could lead to the avoidance of ‘burn-out’ through understanding ‘burn-in’. Interestingly, a large body of literature has shown that professionals in the mental heath^([sic]) services seem to be more vulnerable to the ‘burn-in’—‘burn-out’ process.

2005，Thomas Hyphantis, Venetsanos Mavreas，“‘Burning In’ – ‘Burning Out’ in Public: Aspects of the Burnout Process in Community-Based Psychiatric Services”, in Research Companion to Organizational Health Psychology，頁 538:


Doppler effect

來自Johann Christian Andreas Doppler，最初由這位奧地利物理學家所發現。

Along the street, a delivery van’s pop music approaches and recedes with a faint Doppler effect, the cheerless band lifting and dipping a microtone.


even number

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见even、number。

If you'd come at me with even numbers, I wouldn't leave a grease spot of you.


gamma distribution

The gamma distribution is positively skewed and along with the Weibull, lognormal, and inverse Gaussian (IG) distributions is also available as a model in reliability and life-span studies.

1988，A. Clifford Cohen, Betty Jones Whitten，Parameter Estimation in Reliability and Life Span Models，Marcel Dekker，頁 93:

The ranking and selection problems in this chapter apply to populations that follow the gamma distribution. The gamma distribution model is used widely in many fields of applications, particularly in engineering and the social and physical sciences.
本章中的排序和选择问题适用于服从伽马分布的群体。伽马分布模型广泛应用于许多实用领域，特别是在工程、社会和物理科学领域。

1999 [1977, Wiley], Jean Dickinson Gibbons, Ingram Olkin, Milton Sobel, Selecting and Ordering Populations: A New Statistical Methodology, SIAM, Republished unabridged and corrected, page 328,

The negative exponential distribution is a special case of the gamma distribution in which k#61;1. Another important special case of a gamma distribution with parameters k and #92;theta#61;2 is the χ² distribution G(k,2) with n#61;2k degrees of freedom.[…]Gamma distributions have an additivity property: the sum of two random variables following gamma distributions G(k#95;1,#92;theta) and G(k#95;2,#92;theta) is a random variable following a gamma distribution G(k#95;1#43;k#95;2,#92;theta) with parameters k#95;1#43;k#95;2 and #92;theta[…].

2005，M. T. Todinov，Reliability and Risk Models: Setting Reliability Requirements，Wiley，頁 36:


geometric distribution

If S₁ had been chosen to be a geometric distribution, no a priori choices would have been necessary. This distribution was effective in Suppes (1970), but it would provide a poor fit in this case. If the geometric distribution had been used here, the parameter S₁ would have appeared in every theoretical probability involving N, and whenever one or more adjectives were included, a corresponding number of S₂ = 1 - S₁ terms would have appeared in the probability.

1973，Elizabeth M. Gammon，“A Syntactical Analysis of Some First-Grade Readers”, in Approaches to Natural Language: Proceedings of the 1970 Stanford Workshop on Grammar and Semantics，Springer，頁 122:

Recall that we have already calculated the mean and variance for the geometric distribution case (r = 1) in Example 5.17.

2009, Matthew J. Hassett, Donald Stewart, Probability for Risk Management, 2nd Edition, ACTEX Publications, page 139,

The exponential distribution has a number of other interesting characteristics and properties. It is very similar to the geometric distribution, and in fact is the continuous version of that discrete distribution. Recall that the geometric distribution was used to model the time until the first success, where there were a discrete number of trials.

2010，Peter A. Rogerson，Statistical Methods for Geography: A Student's Guide，第3rd版, SAGE Publications，頁 92:


in control

The General said that his troops were now in control of the situation.

將軍說他的部隊已經控制住了局勢。

It was a bitter blow to England's players, who sank to their knees in disappointment, after fighting so hard but a draw does not cause too much damage and they still remain in control of their own destiny.

2021年September8日，Phil McNulty，“Poland 1-1 England”, in BBC Sport:


agitator

agitant

（政治上的）煽动者，鼓动者

agitatrix

（政治上的）煽动者，鼓动者

（政治上的）煽动者，鼓动者

In addition, they kept a watch on political agitators and foreigners arriving and departing at the port.

此外，他們還監視進出港口的政治煽動者和外國人。

1998，Rajnarayan Chandavarkar，Imperial Power and Popular Politics，頁 208:


heat exchanger

The transmission oil is cooled in a heat exchanger through which the cooling water is circulated, to assist rapid warming of the engine system and to bring engine and transmission into their true interdependence.

1960 June，“The N.B. Loco. Co. diesel-hydraulic Type "2" locomotive”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 345:


personal computer

通常歸於Stewart Brand (1974)，但是在此之前已有使用，見引用。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-personal computer.wav

“personal computer”这个词最初广泛应用于任何个人使用的计算机，例如Apple II，并将这类计算机与大型企业的大型机或主要用于电子游戏或控制设备的最小微型计算机区分开来。从20世纪80年代初IBM PC推出后，这一术语常被用来指代IBM PC或至少与该设计高度兼容的计算机，而“PC”这个词甚至更具体地用来指某些能够运行MS-DOS和为IBM PC及其后续机型设计的软件的IBM兼容计算机。
从那以后，这些定义变得更加不精确；通常被认为是PC的硬件和软件特征已经发生了巨大变化，而“personal computer”这个词现在常被用于台式计算机或非专用服务器，这些设备可能运行多用户软件并被多人访问（例如：通过局域网）。更具体的术语（如desktop、laptop、home computer、“Linux工作站”），所有这些都可能基于个人电脑硬件，现在往往更受青睐，除非需要一个非常广泛的术语。

“There is no reason to suppose the average boy or girl cannot be master of a personal computer,” he said.

“他认为，没有理由认为普通的男孩或女孩不能掌握一台个人电脑。”

1962年November3日，John Mauchly（被引）, “Pocket Computer May Replace Shopping List”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Meanwhile the research center is nifty as ever. Virtuoso Peter Deutsch is working on interactive systems for secretaries. They're part way along on the Dynabook fantasy with a working personal computer the size of a breadbox.

与此同时，研究中心依然出色。技术大师彼得·多伊奇正在开发秘书交互系统。他们正在实现Dynabook的幻想，已经研发出一个面包盒大小的个人电脑。

1974，Stewart Brand，II Cybernetic Frontiers，New York: Random House, →ISBN，頁 88:


pwn

網民打 own 時將 o 打成旁邊的 p，而後來被流行起來。

pwns (third-person singular present)
pwning (present participle)
pwned (past participle)
pwnd (past participle)
pwnt (past participle)

2nd guard: "Yeah, shiiit! I PWNED YO @zz!"

1999年August5日，Quaestor，“Re: [SP] So..the first victim of the Evil/Hero System”, in rec.games.computer.ultima.online (Usenet), retrieved 2016-09-23, message-ID <37AA8154.D77E6EB8@Skara.Brae>:

Otherwise I use fury as my normal attack. Fury completely pwns!

When you get to the Temple of Marr, look very closely at the vases at zone-in and see if you can find the picture where Mith Marr "pwns" someone.

My Trident pwns the Cirrus Logics!

NOOBZ STILL R NOT PWNED. CONTINUE PWNERSHIP UNTIL ALL NOOBZ R PWNED.

2005，AlphaDream，Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time，Nintendo:


Chinese character

There are no Publick Schools in all China (though ſome Writers have erroneouſly ſet forth the contrary) but every perſon chuſes his own Maſter, by whom he is taught in his Houſe, at his own charge. And in regard of the great difficulty in teaching the Chineſe Characters, in reſpect of their vaſt number and variety, it is impoſſible for one to teach many ſeveral perſons ; and therefore every Maſter of a Family takes an Intſructer into his Houſe for his Children, of whom if there be two or three to learn, they are as many as one Tutor can well teach.

全中国没有公立学校（尽管有些作者错误地提出了相反的说法），但每个人都选择自己的老师，在自己的家里接受老师的教育，由他自己负责。而汉字的教学难度很大，汉字数量众多、种类繁多，一个人不可能教很多人；因此，每个家庭的主人都会为他的孩子们安排一名导师到家里，如果有两三个孩子需要学习，那么一个导师就可以教导尽可能多的孩子。

1669，John Nievhoff，譯者 John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China，London: John Macock，頁 163:

Had it not been for the casual discovery in the year 1625 of a deeply buried black marble tablet near Hsi-an containing nearly 1,700 Chinese characters, and a long list of names of priests in Syriac, the fact that such a sect rooted itself in the Celestial Empire would never have been believed, as indeed after the tablet was unearthed it was for a long time discredited.

如果不是1625年在西安附近偶然发现了一块深埋的黑色大理石碑，上面有近1700个汉字，以及一长串叙利亚文祭司的名字，永远不会有人相信这样一个教派曾扎根于中国。事实上，碑文出土后很长一段时间内都受到了质疑。

1912，Arthur Henderson Smith，“Uplifting Leaders”, in The Uplift of China, →OCLC，頁 117:


human nature

How much innate human nature do you think the human races have left?

The most rapid and most seductive transition in all human nature is that which attends the palliation of a ravenous appetite. There is something humiliating about it.[…]Can those harmless but refined fellow-diners be the selfish cads whose gluttony and personal appearance so raised your contemptuous wrath on your arrival?

1922，Ben Travers，章號 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest:


Fermat's principle

由法國數學家皮埃爾·德·費馬於1662年首次提出。

Fermat's principle of least time

費馬原理（光線在兩點之間所經過的路徑是耗時最少的路徑）

principle of least time

費馬原理（光線在兩點之間所經過的路徑是耗時最少的路徑）

費馬原理（光線在兩點之間所經過的路徑是耗時最少的路徑）

But we now see that, if we use Fermat's principle, a fundamental result of any wave theory, and combine it with de Broglie's assumption about the relation between momentum and wavelength, we are led at once to the principle of least action.

1960，John Clarke Slater，Quantum Theory of Atomic Structure，McGraw-Hill，頁 39:

[…], Keller simply postulates these rays and finds their direction from Fermat's principle adapted to the hypothesis that these rays exist.

1968，Petr Beckmann，The Depolarization of Electromagnetic Waves，Golem Press，頁 108:

[…] students wishing to pursue this branch of physics further will find that refraction too can be explained in terms of Fermat's principle.

1976, Donald E. Tilley, Walter Thumm, Physics for College Students, Cummings Publishing Company, 第558頁,


GSS

In yesterday’s GSS supplement, we ran an article on Water Sculptures, a series of dance and music performance by Lifeskills & Lifestyle at People’s Association.

2001年June9日，Today，“Great Singapore Sale supplement amendments”, in NewspaperSG:

The offer price lasts till the end of the GSS so hurry. .

2009年July8日，Mr Brown，“Dahon Curve SL special offer”, in Mr Brown.com:

The total amount spent during the two-month GSS was US$1.4 billion this year, up US$1 million from the US$1.3billion in the same period last year.

2012年August10日，Rchia，“Shoppers spend $1.74b this GSS using their MasterCards”, in Asiaone.com:

Stay vigilant while shopping during GSS: Police.

2013年May31日，Natalie Kuan，“Stay vigilant while shopping during GSS: Police”, in The Straits Times:

But shoppers do not have to wait till the GSS starts to go bargain hunting.

2015年May25日，Rebecca Tan Hui Shan，“No need to wait for Great Singapore Sale: Guide to the sales already on at retailers around town”, in The Straits Times:

During the GSS, retailers here offer steep discounts, sometimes up to 70 per cent off their original prices.

2016，YourSingapore，“The Great Singapore Sale”, in YourSingapore.com:


satcoms

The cost of installing a satcoms system will soon be recovered.

But no-one can dispute that satcoms make for more efficient fleet management and safer ships.

1995，Fairplay international shipping weekly:


stability

This platform offers good stability.

Globalization has re-ordered the global economy in ways that are destructive to civic stability, as decentralized, localized producers cannot compete with globalized, commoditized crops, capital, labor and goods.

2025年February13日，Charles Hugh Smith，The Not-So-Strange Paradox of American Power and Dysfunction:


telecast

telecasts (third-person singular present)
telecasting (present participle)
telecast (past participle)
telecasted (past participle)

Cooley currently is ironing out details of the proposed kinescoping with Klaus Landsberg, topper at KTLA, over whose facilities the hour-long show has been telecast […]

[The Kumbh Mela festival] would be telecast across the country.

[大壶节] 将在全国范围内进行电视转播。

2025年January29日，Aakash Hassan，“He went to capture the beauty of Hinduism. Then the stampede happened. [他去捕捉印度教之美。然后发生了踩踏事件。]”, in The Christian Science Monitor:


telecast

電視廣播（尤指演播室以外的）

By the time the telecast starts, you’ll be an industry insider.

等到电视转播开始时，你就会成为业内人士了。

2020年January23日，Scottie Andrew, Allen Kim and Tiffany Baker，“How to talk about the Grammys best new artist nominees like a pro [如何像专业人士一样谈论格莱美最佳新人提名者]”, in CNN:


all-over

Charing Cross station of the old South-Eastern Railway differed much in appearance from that of today, as it had an arched all-over roof, which collapsed some nine years later and was replaced by the present one.

1939 June，T. R. Perkins，“My Red-Letter Day - II”, in Railway Magazine，頁 399:


AC/DC

more AC/DC (comparative)
most AC/DC (superlative)

The woman had great difficulty explaining it. ‘You know, AC–DC,’ she kept repeating. Finally she said, ‘Swings both ways.’ ‘Oh, you mean bisexual,’ Sandy said, ‘Yeah,’ the woman said, ‘AC–DC.’

1997，Nancy Toder，Choices，1980, page 132, 引於 Bisexual Imaginary: Representation, Identity, and Desire, Cassell, →OCLC，頁 98:


abelian group

以挪威數學家尼爾斯·亨利克·阿貝爾（1802–1829）的名字命名。

Let G and H be partially ordered abelian groups. A positive homomorphism from G to H is any abelian group

1986年，Partially Ordered Abelian Groups with Interpolation，美國數學學會，2010年平裝再版，第12頁,

Chapter 2 is a brief introduction to some fundamental techniques for countable torsion-free abelian groups.

2000年，David Arnold，Abelian Groups and Representations of Finite Partially Ordered Sets，Springer，第1版平裝再版，第74頁,

By the end of Chapter 2 we had the full power of the Pontryagin Duality Theorem for compact abelian groups and for discrete abelian groups. Locally compact abelian groups are much closer to compact abelian groups than is apparent at first sight.

到第2章結束時，我們已經掌握了緊緻阿貝爾群和離散阿貝爾群的龐特里亞金對偶定理的全部力量。局部緊緻阿貝爾群與緊緻阿貝爾群的相似性比乍看之下更為接近。

2013，Karl H. Hofmann, Sidney A. Morris，The Structure of Compact Groups: A Primer for the Student: A Handbook for the Expert，Walter de Gruyter，頁 299:


name plate

The 4-6-0s are named after governors of the Gold Coast, and carry a curved metal name plate over the middle splasher.

1948 November and December，W. S. Darby，“The Gold Coast Railway—2”, in Railway Magazine，頁 367:


nautical mile

海里，等同於1852公尺（又大約等同於6076英尺或1.151法定英里）

An even more impressive nineteenth-century militarized lighthouse is found on the Taiwanese Wuchiu island, located just 20 nautical miles off the Chinese coast. While much of the surrounding military structure has been demolished, its black tower and high walls painted in camouflage colours stand as reminders of the contested history of this small frontier island.

距離中國海岸僅20海里的台灣烏坵島上有一座更令人印象深刻的19世紀軍事燈塔。雖然周圍大部分的軍事建築已被拆除，但其黑色塔樓和塗有迷彩顏色的高牆仍然提醒著人們這個邊境小島有爭議的歷史。

2022，Veronica della Dora，Where Light in Darkness Lies: The Story of the Lighthouse, →ISBN, →OCLC:


amplifier

能使某物放大或變得更強烈的事物

The football team is not an extension of Iran’s leaders, but is in fact the opposite, seen as an amplifier for freedom, group expression, modernity.

足球队不是伊朗领导人的延伸，事实上恰恰相反，它被视为自由、群体表达和现代化的放大器。

2022年November21日，Barney Ronay，“Iran’s brave and powerful gesture is a small wonder from a World Cup of woe”, in The Guardian:


short circuit

short circuits (third-person singular present)
short circuiting (present participle)
short circuited (past participle)

繞過一個或多個中間步驟，使進行的過程在自然結束前終止

[H]is temporarily successful attempt to smear Redfield is an effort to short-circuit the narrative into premature and mistaken resolution.

1998，Catherine Nickerson，The Web of Iniquity:

You do not need to follow your entire sales cycle if the customer wants to short-circuit it for you.

2002，Jim Kasper，Short Cycle Selling: Beating Your Competitors in the Sales Race:

My mother, determined to short-circuit my outcry, would match my objections by pointing out an inherent reward for doing such work.

2003，Gina Hens-Piazza，Nameless, Blameless, and Without Shame: Two Cannibal Mothers Before a King:

At times, the Knicks’ offense looked short-circuited. Anthony, despite his cold hand, kept shooting. / “They all feel good, to be honest with you,” Anthony said. “It wasn’t long, it wasn’t short, they were bouncing off the rim, they were chippers, the same shot I hit all the time so I can’t stop taking my shots.”

2016年November28日，Mike Vorkunov，“Despite Flash of Rose’s Prime, Knicks Are Dazed by Westbrook and Thunder”, in The New York Times:

For example, to short-circuit the "LoggedIn()" or "LogIn()" "if" conditional, replace the "Or" with "OrElse" and the statement is interpreted to mean "if not logged in, then log in".

2002，Paul Kimmel，Visual Basic.Net Unleashed:

If you would like to short-circuit, you must replace "And" with the "AndAlso" keyword and "Or" with the "OrElse" keyword, as follows....

2002，Jose Mojico，C# and VB.NET Conversion Pocket Reference:

The "Demand" is done to ensure that you have indeed been granted this permission before using the "Assert" to short-circuit the stackwalk.

2006: Jay Hillard & Stephen Teilhet, C# Cookbook


arc lamp

arc-lamp (alternative)
arc lamps (plural)

He walked. To the corner of Hamilton Place and Picadilly, and there stayed for a while, for it is a romantic station by night. The vague and careless rain looked like threads of gossamer silver passing across the light of the arc-lamps.

1922，Michael Arlen，“Ep./1/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:


soot blower

In order to deal with deposits of soot on boiler-tubes while running, especially if poor coal is in use, locomotives are often now provided with blowers on the firebox back-plate which can be made to discharge a jet of high pressure steam towards the firebox tubeplates; this has the effect of loosening and blowing off the soot deposits.

1944 May and June，“The Why and the Wherefore: Locomotive Soot Blowers”, in Railway Magazine，頁 194:


automation

The presidential campaign has been more focused on Bain Capital and an “apology tour” than on the challenges created by globalization and automation.

2012年October24日，David Leonhardt，“Standard of Living Is in the Shadows as Election Issue”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

When deployed by monopolies / cartels, automation institutionalizes mediocrity, and soon everyone forgets excellence and quality because they no longer have any experience of either one.

2025年February14日，Charles Hugh Smith，Automation Institutionalizes Mediocrity:


spinning top

Patel says the muons behave a bit like a child’s spinning top, in rotating around the axis of the magnetic field. However, as the muons move, they wobble.

帕特尔说，μ子的行为有点像小孩的陀螺，它们围绕磁场轴旋转。然而，当μ子移动时，它们会摆动。

2023年August11日，Nicola Davis，“Scientists may be on brink of discovering fifth force of nature”, in The Guardian:


stand-by

[...] a "Britannia" Pacific, No. 70006, was kept as a stand-by at March.

1962 April，“Motive power miscellany: Eastern Region”, in Modern Railways，頁 279:


injecter

[…] young people who are starting to inject or are at risk of becoming injecters; […]

2010，Rowdy Yates，Margaret S. Malloch，Tackling Addiction: Pathways to Recovery，頁 171:


steam turbine

It was opened in 1904 as the largest traction power station in Europe and one of the first to use steam turbines, which have been the only game in town for power stations ever since.

2012，Andrew Martin，Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube，Profile Books, ISBN 978-1846684777，頁 139:


blow down

blows down (third-person singular present)
blowing down (present participle)
blew down (past)
blown down (past participle)

I'll huff and I'll puff and I'll blow your house down.

Part of the shed was recently blown down in a gale and has been removed, leaving rather inadequate accommodation.

1951 June，“Notes and News: Eskdale Railway Rolling Stock”, in Railway Magazine，頁 424:

A tree had been blown down on the track east of Chippenham. Bath Spa station became a scene of milling confusion. One minute we were told that trains were running. Then they weren't. Then they were again. Not a sound basis on which to try rejigging a business trip.

2020年June3日，Andrew Mourant，“A safer railway in a greener habitat”, in RAIL，頁 58:


butt joint

Using the lap joint in any of its applications provides strength in a cabinet where a butt joint would or could be used.

1990，Byron W. Maguire，Cabinetmaking: From Design to Finish，Carlsbad, CA: Craftsman，頁 234:


electromagnetic radiation

As the public hears the name EMR Syndrome repeated in various applications related to health effects, it will begin to link EMR/electromagnetic radiation to those health effects. Over time the meaning of EMR will take hold and be understood for the environmental threat it is.

(Can we date this quote?)，The Home-page for 'Electromagnetic Radiation Syndrome':


emergency service

Only when one has seen a Control Office at first-hand does one realise the vast amount of unsparing but largely unsung work that is behind the eventual publication, perhaps, of a paragraph in this journal's "Motive Power Miscellany" recording the appearance, within hours of the complete blockage of a main line, of many of its trains, passenger and freight, on routes quite foreign to them; and of effective emergency services either side of the disaster area.

1962 August，G. Freeman Allen，“Traffic control on the Great Northern Line”, in Modern Railways，頁 133:


circuit breaker

From the evidence of witnesses and of the recorded passing times, including the time at which the circuit breakers were tripped when the wires were brought down, the train was travelling at a speed of not less than 70 m.p.h.

根据目击者的证词和记录下的通过时间，包括电线被拉下时断路器跳闸的时间来判断，火车的行驶速度应不低于每小时 70 英里。

1961 November，“Talking of Trains: Derailment near Holmes Chapel”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 652:

Typically traction packages monitor the supply frequency and if it strays outside pre-set limits open the circuit breaker between the pantograph and the transformer to shut off the power.

通常，牵引装置会监控电源频率，如果偏离预设的限值，则打开受电弓和变压器之间的断路器以切断电源。

2019 October，Roger Ford，“Power failure highlights specification confusion”, in Modern Railways，頁 27:


fly ash

由 fly (“飛行，飛翔”，已棄用；名詞) + ash 構成的複合詞。

同類詞：bottom ash (“底灰”)、potash (“鉀鹼”)

Heat exchangers should be kept free of debris to minimize the possibility of fire. Fly ash deposited in heat exchangers may cause nonuniform temperatures. Therefore, the exchangers should be disconnected and cleaned out regularly.

1956 December，Edmund F. Rasmussen [et al.]，“Heating System”, in Inspection and Maintenance of Lumber Dry Kilns and Equipment: Information on Ways and Means of Keeping Lumber Dry Kilns Operating Efficiently (Report no. 1900-4)，Madison, Wis.: Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture in association with the University of Wisconsin, →OCLC，頁 19:

Among new freight vehicles was a prototype 21-ton wagon with pressure discharge for the conveyance of fly ash from power stations, […]

1964 August，“BR [British Rail] in 1963 – ‘We have Turned the Financial Corner’”, in Modern Railways，Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 115:

Furnaces and boilers with horizontal heating surfaces require frequent cleaning, because fly ash (fine powdery ash) collects on these surfaces.

1975 May，Joseph W[inslow] Simons，“Fuels and Burners”, in Home Heating: Systems, Fuels, Controls (Farmers’ Bulletin; no. 2235)，Washington, D.C.: Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, →OCLC，頁 19，列 2:

Besides our sending out of cement by rail, we also bring in pulverised fly-ash, typically once a week, which comes from Drax Power Station and is used in the cement manufacturing process, […]

2022年September7日，Gareth David，“Class 20 Stronghold in the Peak District”, in Rail，期 965, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 45:


wiring diagram

Because most diesel failures can be traced to electrical faults, minor in themselves but often difficult to pin-point, any unscheduled halt during a trial run is often the signal for the frenzied unfolding of wiring diagrams and the appearance of an impressive array of voltmeters and circuit testers.

由于大多数柴油机故障都可以追溯到电气故障，这些故障本身并不严重，但往往很难查明原因，因此试运行期间的任何计划外停止通常都会导致配线图疯狂展开，并出现大量电压表和电路测试仪。

1962 April，R. K. Evans，“The Acceptance Testing of Diesel Locomotives”, in Modern Railways，頁 268:


risetime

By using the correlation between risetime and position we were able to obtain a measured resolution of 92 #92;mum (FWHM), corresponding to an intrinsic resolution of 64 #92;mum (FMHM) for a single Z-stack MCP detector.

2015，Davinder Siwal, B.B. Wiggins, R. T. deSouza，“Using pulse shape analysis to improve the position resolution of a resistive anode microchannel plate detector”, in arXiv:


anchor's aweigh

当锚被拉起并且不再锚固在船底时，对起锚命令的响应

Then the mate called again to the captain, “Anchor’s aweigh, sir!” while the men kept on heaving.

[1928] 1988, Frederick Pease Harlow, The Making of a Sailor http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&hl=en&vid=ISBN0486256138&id=maCNIgbmJMgC&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&sig=9Fd6uA0SsfwXRKuI4mZqnZokyAU

Amory’s voice came again from the fo’c’sle. ‘Anchor’s aweigh, sir.’

‘Anchor’s apeak — they pawl and back — ’ At this moment the American frigate fired a gun, dropped her topgallantsails, and sheeted them home. ‘Anchor’s aweigh,’ called Broke. ‘He plucked it up in fine style.’

1994，Patrick O'Brian，The Fortune of War:


blood vessel

As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels.

随着年龄的增长，我们身体的主要动脉常常会因斑块而变厚，斑块是一种具有燕麦状稠度的脂肪物质，沿着血管内壁堆积。

2013 July-August，Stephen P. Lownie, David M. Pelz，“Stents to Prevent Stroke”, in American Scientist:


awning

At Nairobi the mail waits an hour-and-a-half. The station has three long platforms, mostly covered in awnings, the island connected with the main platform (which is used by the mails in both directions) by a subway.

1950 April，Timothy H. Cobb，“The Kenya-Uganda Railway”, in Railway Magazine，頁 265:

But instead, the distinctive ironwork and glass platform awnings have been carefully refurbished, while making them compatible with the overhead wiring. Kettering's island Platform 2/3 is especially noteworthy. Although it dates from 1879, when the station was enlarged to four platforms, the same original (1857) patterns for the delicate cast-ironwork seem to have been used - […].

2022年December14日，Robin Leleux，“A royal occasion as heritage projects honoured: Kettering”, in RAIL，期 972，頁 56:


bench test

When the diesel engine has undergone its bench tests, and the various temperatures, loads and fuel consumptions have been recorded, it is then ready for coupling to the generator.

1962 April，R. K. Evans，“The Acceptance Testing of Diesel Locomotives”, in Modern Railways，頁 267:


brake test

We left Paris to time and after the brake test at St. Denis it was my pleasure to drive No. U.1 for the rest of the day.

1961 March，'Balmore'，“Driving and firing modern French steam locomotives”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 150:

We remain motionless in the platform while the ex-Edinburgh draws forward, the points are set, and it is propelled back for attachment. The Edinburgh locomotive uncoupled, a brake test is performed and we're away.

2023年February8日，Greg Morse，“Crossing the border... by Sleeper”, in RAIL，期 976，頁 43:


brake test

brake tests (third-person singular present)
brake testing (present participle)
brake tested (past participle)

"Max was brake testing me into the first two corners. I was very upset with the fact Max held me up and didn't move and made me run into Daniel."

2016年October31日，Andrew Benson，“Mexican Grand Prix: Max Verstappen says he is 'not allowed to race' after penalty”, in BBC:


bulk cargo

bulk cargoes (plural)
bulk cargos (plural)

Almost all modern cranes are electrically operated and a quick-acting type of 30 cwt. capacity is suitable for general cargo, but not powerful enough to operate grabs for discharge of bulk cargoes.

1945 January and February，T. F. Cameron，“Dock Working”, in Railway Magazine，頁 11:


bulk carrier

Otherwise, overseas coking coal will be moved to the UK by bulk ocean carrier, which are among the filthiest polluting objects on the face of the Earth we seek to protect.

2022年November16日，Nigel Harris，“Endless news... little context”, in RAIL，期 970，頁 3:


cast steel

同類詞：blister steel

CAST STEEL / A search for metals of lighter, and more durable qualities than iron led to a new process in producing steel. In 1740 Benjamin Huntsman, a watchmaker, searching for a lighter, and less brittle metal than the old blister steel, hit upon melting steel in a crucible, or in a pot, lined with clay and graphite. The crucible could withstand the high temperatures necessary to melt metals in a container. To the product of the crucible was given the name "cast steel." [because it was poured (cast) from a melted state, unlike blister steel] / A DISTINCTION OF TERMS / Readers are cautioned at this point to understand that the terms "cast steel" and "steel castings" are not interchangeable, and, in fact, bear very little relationship to each other. It is true that steel castings must be made of "cast steel," but not all "cast steel" goes into the manufacture of steel castings. "Cast steel" merely describes the mass of metal which, after being melted, is poured into a mold of one sort or another, whether steel ingot molds or castings. Steel castings are objects which are given their final form in sand-filled molds. "Cast steel" may be poured into molds to form steel castings but it may also find its way, eventually, into structural steel, rolled steel or forgings; steel castings are the products of the steel foundry.

1949，History Committee of District No. 1 of the Steel Founders' Society of America，A History of Steel Casting，District No. 1 of the Steel Founders' Society of America, →LCCN，頁s 5–6:

Several journals make a note of the fact that the William Butcher Steel Works supplied 3000 tons of cast steel for the building of the Eads Bridge across the Mississippi River at St. Louis, and the content of the statements may lead readers to assume that these were steel castings. In the opinion of Mr. John N. Mudd, historian of the Midvale Steel Company, the materials furnished the bridge builders in St. Louis were cast steel and not steel castings.

1949，History Committee of District No. 1 of the Steel Founders' Society of America，A History of Steel Casting，District No. 1 of the Steel Founders' Society of America, →LCCN，頁s 8–9:


bear down

bears down (third-person singular present)
bearing down (present participle)
bore down (past)
borne down (past participle)

It's 9:41, 58 degrees, and I'm flunking out. Time to bear down.

现在是9:41，气温58度，我快要挂科了。该努力了。

When Furyk spots another Arizona alum on Tour, one of them will utter the official U of A exhortation, which dates to the 1920s, when on his deathbed the school's quarter-back urged the football team to "bear down." Few on Tour bear down like Furyk. He has his plan and sticks to it.

2003 October，Cameron Morfit，“A Furious Focus; Call his swing whatever you want--Jim Furyk's approach to life and golf is anything but loopy”, in Golf Magazine，卷 45, 期 10，頁 106:

Will CAFTA pass? The White House is starting to bear down, making the argument that CAFTA is not only a good deal economically, but vital for the political development and security of the region.

2005年May12日，Sue Kirchhoff，“Central American Free Trade Agreement faces obstacles”, in USA Today:

You can't really run faster or farther over the long haul simply by bearing down harder. You have to raise the level of your effort, then relax, and trust that preparation.

2009 January，James Applewhite，“Write a poem in THREE PHASES.”, in Writer，卷 122, 期 1，頁s 22–23:

Huth headed wide inside two minutes, Andy Wilkinson blasted over from Shotton's cut-back and Jones was squeezed out when bearing down on goal.

开场不到两分钟，胡特头球攻门偏出，安迪·威尔金森接肖顿回传射门高出，琼斯冲向球门时被挤开。

2011年November3日，David Ornstein，“Macc Tel-Aviv 1 - 2 Stoke”, in BBC Sport:


computer-aided design

/ˈkəmˈpjuːtəˌeɪˈdɪdˌdɪˈzʌɪn/

The technology seeks to identify the birds' nests on the ground. Details of their location are then fed into computer-aided design drawings and the global positioning systems of machinery working on site, to let operators know when they are working near exclusion zones.

2020年August12日，“Network News: Drones locate skylark nests”, in Rail，頁 23:


boiling point

/ˈbɔɪlɪŋ ˌpɔɪnt/

Although the encounter was bathed in sunshine, the match failed to reach boiling point but that will be of little concern to Gerard Houllier's team, who took a huge step forward before they face crucial matches against their relegation rivals.

2011年April10日，Alistair Magowan，“Aston Villa 1 - 0 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport:


depth charge

The trailblazing Oaxacan chef Alejandro Ruiz […] has spiked this black-bean sauce with a hidden depth charge of flavor: patches of foliage from a local avocado tree. The leaves electrify the sauce with an unexpected thrum of black licorice.

2014年October25日，Jeff Gordinier，“In search of the perfect taco”, in T: The New York Times Style Magazine (international edition)，頁 100:


engine room

球隊或其他團隊的力量泉源 鋼鼓樂隊的節奏組

And no steel band would be complete without its rhythm section or engine room, as the percussion section is known.

2018，Polly Thomas，The Rough Guide to Trinidad and Tobago，Apa Publications, →ISBN:


fishhood

Petrovitch had taken and passed the astronavigation exam the exact same time Rimmer had made his claims to fishhood.

1989，Grant Naylor，Red Dwarf: Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers:


companion ladder

Just as I got my head above the companion ladder, I felt an indescribably unpleasant sensation, suddenly, as it were, losing the power of breathing […] .

1808–10, William Hickey, Memoirs of a Georgian Rake, Folio Society 1995, p. 87:

The flat roof proved a great luxury, for we sat on our housetop at night, which we reached by a species of companion-ladder from below, and enjoyed our elevated position immensely.

1887，Harriet W. Daly，Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia，頁 112:


trichogyne

法語，來自古希臘語 θρίξ (thríx，“毛髮”) + γυνή (gunḗ，“雌性，陰性”)。

Ascodesmis is a third type which might be derived either directly or through the erysiphaceous type from an endomycetous ancestor; the antheridium and oogonium are but little differentiated, but the latter is furnished with a trichogyne and becomes septate after fertilization; the ascogenous hyphae are few and the sheath simple.

2010，Helen Gwynne-Vaughan，Fungi: Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales，頁 54:


hospital ship

The Leinster has been in use as a hospital ship and a transport, but is now released and is refitting for her regular service.

1946 March and April，“Notes and News: Anglo-Irish Steamship Fleets”, in Railway Magazine，頁 118:


telson

借自古希臘語 τέλσον (télson，“岬角”)。

Although Crangonya evidently comes very close to Niphargus, it appears to be a good genus, and to differ constantly from Niphargus in the more robust body and in the telson, which is always entire and never cleft as in Niphargus.

1894，Charles Chilton，“The Subterranean Crustacea of New Zealand”, in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2nd Series, Volume VI: Zoology，Linnean Society of London，頁 219:

The basic number of segments in the abdomen is eleven plus the postsegmental telson which bears the anus, although Matsuda (1976) regards the telson as a twelfth segment.

1998，R. F. Chapman，The Insects: Structure and Function，第4th版, Cambridge University Press，頁 259:

The two documented examples of telson abnormalities are on juvenile moults (Fig. 2a, b).

2022，Russell D. C. Bicknell et al.，“Applying Records of Extant and Extinct Horseshoe Crab Abnormalities to Xiphosurid Conservation”, in International Horseshoe Crab Conservation and Research Efforts: 2007-2020，Springer，頁 88:


vitellarium

來自新拉丁語，來自vitellus (“蛋黃”) + -ārium (“與之聯合的地方”)。

In the hymenolepid cestode Fimbriaria fasciolaris, the vitellaria and uterus are continuous throughout the strobila.

1988，K. G. Adiyodi，Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates, Accessory Sex Glands，頁 41:

Germarium and vitellarium are distinct and the latter contains one or two small, immature basal oocytes.

2015年July8日，“Convergent Reduction of Ovariole Number Associated with Subterranean Life in Beetles”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


launching

Launch 指的是一個時間點上的事件。Launching 指的是一個持續性的過程。

The launching of the Titanic.

By 1940 they had conducted 25 successful launchings of A5 rockets, which reached 10 miles altitude and had a range of 12 miles.

2010，Raymond Friedman，A History of Jet Propulsion, Including Rockets，頁 123:


main frame

The main frames are of 1¼-in. thick plates spaced 3 ft. 2½ in. apart, the centre lines coinciding with the centre of the axlebox guide faces.

1951 March，“British Railways Standard "Britannia" Class 4-6-2 Locomotives”, in Railway Magazine，頁 186:


merchant ship

Old pirates, yes, they rob I
Sold I to the merchant ships
Minutes after they took I
From the bottomless pit.


metacentric height

The distance from a ship's center of gravity (G) to its metacenter is known as the metacentric height (GM). GM is a measure of the vessel's ability to right itself when experiencing an overturning moment. For the same vessel, a higher GM value indicates a greater initial static stability.

2017年December12日，National Transportation Safety Board，“1.12 Stability Information - 1.12.1 Concepts”, in Marine Accident Report: Sinking of US Cargo Vessel SS El Faro, Atlantic Ocean, Northeast of Acklins and Crooked Island, Bahamas, October 1, 2015，存檔自the original on 2022-05-15，頁 132:


mill scale

Recently the Great Northern Railway, U,S.A., which has a considerable mileage of line bordering the Pacific seaboard, has put in service mobile equipment for applying anti-corrosion treatment to rails. An old motor-car has been adapted to carry two oxy-acetylene flame-cleaning heads, which simultaneously clean both sides of both rails of all mill-scale and rust as the car is hand-propelled forward; men follow to brush away the loosened material; the final operation is that of spraying both rails, by means of paint guns carried on a trolley, with a corrosion-resisting compound.

1951 October，“Preventing Rail Corrosion”, in Railway Magazine，頁 648:


great circle

great-circle arc

球體表面兩點間距最短的圓形的一段。

球體表面兩點間距最短的圓形的一段。

Wherever a navigator may be, it certainly would be to his advantage to be able to find the great circle, or shortest course, and the distance, to his port of destination, [....]

1902, S. L. Penfield, "Use of the Stereographic Projection for Geographical Maps and Sailing Charts", in American Journal of Science

The shortest distance between two points on an ocean Mercator chart is not a straight line - it is a curve known as a 'great circle'.

2003, Jeff Toghill, The Navigator's Handbook: Essential Methods and Equipment--and how to Use Them

Because the Earth's surface is curved, the shortest distance is actually a curve over the surface called a great circle.

2005，Phil Medina，Homework Helpers: Earth Science，頁 52:


promenade deck

There are main and upper decks and a promenade deck.

1947 January and February，“New Southern Channel Steamer”, in Railway Magazine，頁 49:


pump room

[E]ven the German visitors at the baths honored me by drinking my health in the pump-room.

1847，Hans Christian Andersen，章號 7, in Mary Howitt（譯者）, The True Story of My Life:

In the 18th and early 19th centuries, the beautiful people came here for the season, taking the waters, meeting for tea in the Pump Room and for balls in the Assembly Rooms.

2003年August10日，Jacqueline Friedrich，“Choice Tables: Sophisticated Repasts in Bath”, in New York Times, retrieved 2012-10-09:


reversing gear

A new type of air-inducing ring improved considerably the atomising and distribution of the oil fuel in the firebox, and it was advanced practice for the period that the new engine was equipped with compressed air operation of both the reversing gear and the water-scoop.

1961 February，Cecil J. Allen，“Salute to the "Claud Hamiltons" & "Directors"”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 115:


freeboard deck

Figure 60 shows the downflooding angles for the downflooding points described above, plus the angle at which the edge of the freeboard deck would have been immersed (about 15°).

2017年December12日，National Transportation Safety Board，“1.12.10 Postaccident Analysis of Stability, Structures, and Sinking”, in Marine Accident Report: Sinking of US Cargo Vessel SS El Faro, Atlantic Ocean, Northeast of Acklins and Crooked Island, Bahamas, October 1, 2015，存檔自the original on 2022-11-24，頁 156:


spark arrester

Although certain overseas railways make fairly extensive use of spark arresters (apart from wood-burning locomotives) they are rare in this country, for, as Sir Nigel Gresley once remarked, the best way to avoid spark throwing is to make sure the engine is master of its job; [...].

1941 September，“The Why and the Wherefore: Fires in Trains”, in Railway Magazine，頁 432:


Galaxy

See yonder, lo, the Galaxyë / Which men clepeth the Milky Wey, / For hit is whyt.

1380，Geoffrey Chaucer，The House of Fame:

So may thy cheekes red outweare scarlet dye, / And their white, whitenesse of the Galaxie […]


stationary engine

To get the best conditions for locomotives he proposed to make a continuous grade of 1 in 30 on the straight between Erkrath and Hochdahl, 2.78 km. (1¾ miles) and employ a stationary engine there. [...] The stationary engine was duly installed, at considerable cost, but not used for long.

1942 March，“Notes and News: Main-Line Cable Haulage in Germany”, in Railway Magazine，頁 88:

The Cromford & High Peak was one of Britain's oldest railways, giving access to the stone quarries of the Peak District. It was very much 'of its time'. Stationary engines hauled wagons up and down inclines, and trains on the more level bits in between were pulled by horses.

2023年January11日，Richard Foster，“British Rail's weirdest railways...: Cromford & High Peak”, in RAIL，期 974，頁 48:


steam chest

One small tooth increase in regulator opening makes a minute increase in steam chest pressure reading and one can feel the clearly perceptible increase in the power output beneath one's feet.

1961 March，'Balmore'，“Driving and firing modern French steam locomotives”, in Trains Illustrated，頁 150:


swash plate

The majority of helicopters achieve this using a swash plate or stationary star.

1994，S. Newman，Foundations of Helicopter Flight，頁 82:

This type of pump uses a swash plate to cause the pistons to move in and out.

2013，Michael E. Brumbach, Jeffrey A. Clade，Industrial Maintenance，頁 211:


tiller

In France, Europe's most fertile and cultivated land, the tillers of it suffered more and more hunger.

2000，Alasdair Gray，The Book of Prefaces，Bloomsbury, 出版於 2002，頁 63:


weather ship

另一艘船的迎風方向，被認為是海戰優勢位置

If the weather ship be of inferior force, it enables her to keep out of action much longer, and, though a poorer sailer, she may do so until the intervention of night increases the chances of escape.

1832，A Popular Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, History, Politics and Biography，卷 9, Philadelphia: Carey and Lea，頁 178:


device driver

The identity of the device driver process is returned by the process manager to the file manager[…]

1978，Dennis M. Ritchie，Unix Time-Sharing System，頁 2064:


triangulation

People determining the width of a river by triangulation (sense 1):Template:refn
A triangulation (sense 4) of the surface of a torus
源自中世紀拉丁語 triangulātiōnem (“三角化”)，來自triangulāre (“分成三角形”) + -tiōnem (後綴，形成某些行為或行為結果有關的名詞)。Triangulāre源自triangulāris (“三角形的”)，來自triangulus (“三角形的；三角形”)，來自trēs (“三”) + angulus (“角；角落”)。英語單詞可分析為triangulate + -ion，與法語 triangulation同源。

/tɹʌɪaŋɡjʊˈleɪʃn̩/

/ˌtɹaɪˌæŋɡjəˈleɪʃən/

三角測量； 使用這種技術的實例

The season of 1835–36 was employed in carrying on the triangulation; in which Colonel [George] Everest was much impeded by a long continuance of hazy and cloudy weather. It appears, however, that the principal triangulation was brought down to the line from Juktipura to Pagara; […]

1839年June14日，T. B. Jervis，“IV. Some Account of the Progress of the Trigonometrical Survey Now Carrying On in India. Extracted from the Correspondence of Colonel Everest, and Communicated by Major T. B. Jervis.”, in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, […]，卷 IV, 期 24, London: Printed by Moyes and Barclay, […], →OCLC，頁 208:

Russia began under Catherine II, and has since constantly either taken up at different points or extended the triangulations successively made, with always more perfection of men of science. Now, these triangulations form a fully connected series from north of the arctic circle to south of Dorpat.

1843年February9日，John B. Aycrigg，“Notes”, in Report of John B. Aycrigg, (Made to the House of Representatives on the 9th February, 1843,) Submitted as an Individual Member of the Committee on the Coast Survey, […] (Report No. 170)，Washington, D.C.: Printed at the National Intelligencer Office, 出版於 19 February 1843, →OCLC, note 19，頁s 32–33:

The original base lines, which form the starting points of the survey, require to be measured by apparatus of the most delicate nature, since any error, committed in the early part of this work, will necessarily be multiplied throughout the series of triangulations which rest upon it. […] Nor is less precision necessary in the measurement of the angles of the primary and secondary triangulations, which serve as checks upon each other, since the position of any point in the former is determined by each of these series.

1849 January–March，“Stated Meeting, January 19”, in Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, […]，卷 V, 期 42, Philadelphia, Pa.: Published for the [American Philosophical] Society, [b]y John C. Clark, […], 出版於 1854, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁s 57–58:

使用三角測量得到的網狀圖，是航圖或地圖的基礎

[…] I have placed myself in communication with the Astronomer Royal, for the purpose of considering the steps necessary to be taken to effect the connexion required, between the triangulation of Great Britain and that of Belgium. […] I have also placed myself in communication with General Nerenburger, Director of the Dêpot de la Guerre at Brussels, and have received from him the diagram of the Belgian triangulation, with descriptions of the stations with which it is necessary to connect our triangulation, and we possess a copy of the triangulation of France.

1860年November29日，Henry James，“Appendix. [Official Correspondence, Letter C.]”, in Extension of the Triangulation of the Ordnance Survey into France and Belgium […]，London: Printed by George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode, […], for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 出版於 1863, →OCLC, paragraphs 1–2，頁s 57–58:

[page 76] At this point, it may be useful to refer to a word that has been used in connection with earlier examples. The King has been said to indulge in a process called Triangulation. The word is harder than the idea. The basic fact is that the King can move to an adjacent square in one move, two moves or three moves, without returning to its point of origin. […] [page 77] This diagram […] shows a position where the triangulation is vital.

1961，Gerald Abrahams，“Kings and Ascending Pawns”, in Technique in Chess，London: G[eorge] Bell and Sons, →OCLC; 再版 New York, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 1973, →ISBN，頁s 76 and 77:

將平面物體細分為三角形，進而使更高維度的幾何物體變為單體

Regular triangulations are a class in-between lifting and lexicographic triangulations. Their main draw-back in the context of this paper is that regularity depends on the specific realization and not only on the oriented matroid.

2002 March，Francisco Santos，“Triangulations of Oriented Matroids”, in Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society，卷 156, 期 741, Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, chapter 5 (Lifting Triangulations)，頁 59:

A triangulation of a point configuration #92;mathbf#123;A#125;#92;in#92;mathbb#123;R#125;ᵈ is a collection of d-simplices all of whose vertices are points in #92;mathbf#123;A#125; that satisfies the following two properties: 1. The union of all these simplices equals conv(#92;mathbf#123;A#125;). (Union Property) 2. Any pair of these simplices intersects in a common face (possibly empty). (Intersection Property)

2010，Jésus A[ntonio] De Loera, Jörg Rambau, Francisco Santos，“Triangulations in Mathematics”, in Triangulations: Structures for Algorithms and Applications (Algorithms and Computation in Mathematics; 25)，Heidelberg, Dordrecht: Springer Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, definition 1.0.1，頁 1:

利用已知地點的三個已知距離找到未知地點的過程

A special advantage of radar is that it works during darkness and other periods of low visibility, which prevent visual triangulation and aircraft techniques for measuring nuclear clouds.

1958 November–December，“News Notes: Army Weather Radar Tracks Nuclear Clouds”, in Armor: The Magazine of Mobile Warfare，卷 LXVII, 期 6, Washington, D.C.: United States Armor Association, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 58，列 2:

在政治光譜上重新定位自己或自己的團隊，試圖抓住中心的做法

Triangulation was a presidential leadership strategy that presented the president as having borrowed elements of both the right and the left to develop some form of center policy amalgam.

2004，Stanley A[llen] Renshon，“The Politics of Transformation”, in In His Father’s Shadow: The Transformations of George W. Bush，New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN; 第paperback版, New York, N.Y., Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, November 2005, →ISBN, section V (A Transforming President in Perspective)，頁 197:

Increased security for women's health clinics was part of [Bill] Clinton's "third way," a politics of triangulation that moved the Democratic Party closer to the right and embraced neoliberal economic policies while offering comparatively moderate social positions.

2015，Tamar W. Carroll，“It Saved My Life: Creating Queer Politics”, in Mobilizing New York: AIDS, Antipoverty, and Feminist Activism，Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, →ISBN，頁 181:

One recent attempt to combine both forms of data collection […] was based on a parallel methods approach, in which the results of two similar but separately located studies were triangulated. Triangulation entails overlapping the results at several points to enhance reliability. […] Other documented research has attempted to gain a broader view through the triangulation of two sets of data (quantitative and qualitative) on the same question, taken from the same respondents in a single study.

1999，Carol Grbich，“Qualitative Research: An Introduction”, in Qualitative Research in Health: An Introduction，Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin, →ISBN, part 1 (Theory and Design)，頁s 17–18:

Even though triangulation is used in quantitative paradigm for confirmation and generalization of a research, Barbour (1998) does not disregard the notion of triangulation in qualitative paradigm and she states the need to define triangulation from a qualitative research's perspective in each paradigm. For example, in using triangulation of several data sources in quantitative research, any exception may lead to a disconfirmation of the hypothesis where exceptions in qualitative research are dealt to modify the theories and are fruitful.

2003年December1日，Nahid Golafshani，“Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research”, in The Qualitative Report，卷 8, 號 4，頁 603:

Multiple sources of data were used to create a triangulation of evidence: books, documentation, archival records and relevant publications by key actors, particularly in the development field, open ended interviews, participant-observation conducted during field work and a case study. […] Triangulation was initially conceptualized as a strategy to validating results achieved with individual research methods. The focus of this research strategy, however, has increasingly shifted towards enriching and complementing knowledge and towards expanding and furthering the potential of individual methods.

2014，Alexander Cárdenas，“Introduction”, in Football: Origins, Paths and New Dimensions: Master’s Thesis，[Munich]: GRIN Verlag, →ISBN, section 1.2 (Research Methods)，頁 4:


garbage collector

GC

在演算、程序、執行緒中進行垃圾收集的工作：回收不再使用的資源。

在演算、程序、執行緒中進行垃圾收集的工作：回收不再使用的資源。

Java uses a technique known as garbage collection to remove objects that are no longer needed. The garbage collector is Java's grim reaper.

2002，Patrick Niemeyer，Jonathan Knudsen，Learning Java，O'Reilly, →ISBN，頁 135:


garden path sentence

來自俗語lead someone up (or down) the garden path，因為讀者對該句子形成了一種解釋，這種解釋直到接近句子結尾時才是合理的，這時讀者意識到他們的解釋不可能是正確的（他們被帶入了一條花園小路），他們必須嘗試另一種解釋。

garden path (alternative)
garden-path sentence (alternative)
garden path sentences (plural)

/ˈɡɑː(ɹ)dən pɑːθ ˈsɛntəns/

/ˈɡɑːɹdən pæθ ˈsɛntəns/

Whether a particular construction causes a garden-path effect depends on the specific grammar of the language. For example, the famous example of an English garden-path sentence in (1) ["The horse raced past the barn fell"] would not exist if the past tense form of the verb race were not identical to the reduced relative form, the former of which is the preferred reading for this sentence.

1995，Reiko Mazuka，Kenji Itoh，“Can Japanese Speakers be Led down the Garden Path?”, in Japanese Sentence Processing，Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, →ISBN，頁s 295–296:

One of the functions of punctuation is to reduce any ambiguity, and readers are less confused by garden-path sentences that are punctuated than by those that are not[…].

2005，Michael W[illiam] Eysenck，Mark T. Keane，“Language Comprehension”, in Cognitive Psychology: A Student's Handbook，第5th版, Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press, →ISBN，頁 362, column 1:

[I]n a garden path sentence, we interpret a sentence in a particular way only to find out near the end that we misinterpreted it. The subjective impression is that of being led down a garden path until discovering at the end that we took the wrong way and have to retrace our steps.

2008，David W. Carroll，“Sentence Comprehension and Memory”, in Psychology of Language，第5th版, Belmont, Calif.: Thomson Wadsworth, →ISBN，頁 134:

A garden path sentence contains a temporary ambiguity[…]. It becomes clear that something has gone wrong when the comprehender receives input that is incompatible with the past-tense analysis of the ambiguous form[…]. The parser then must abandon its initial parse and attempt to reanalyze the input.

2013，Montserrat Sanz，Itziar Laka，Michael K. Tanenhaus，“Sentence Comprehension before and after 1970: Topics, Debates, and Techniques”, in Language Down the Garden Path: The Cognitive and Biological Basis for Linguistic Structures (Oxford Studies in Biolinguistics)，Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN，頁 85:


multiprotocol

Unlike earlier generation units, new multiprotocol terminals can, under user control, “talk” in any communications protocol.

In a business environment that may require communications between the IBM PC and devices or host computers in a variety of protocols, a multiprotocol communications capability may be advantageous.

1987，Larry E. Jordan，Communications and Networking for the IBM Pc and Compatibles，頁 111:

As a result of these efforts, multiprotocol lambda switching (MPLmS) and, more recently, generalized multiprotocol label switching (G-MPLS) have been proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as the control plane for dynamic provisioning and restoration of lightpaths in optical networks.

2004，Jun Zheng，Optical WDM Networks: Concepts and Design Principles，頁 211:


personal digital assistant

個人數碼助理，個人數位助理

The device, about the size of a fat paperback book, represents the most ambitious attempt yet by computer and communications companies to pool their resources in hopes of finally creating a market for what the industry calls "personal digital assistants."

[1994年September28日，Lawrence M. Fisher，“Personal Digital Assistant, Part III”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Already, Sharp owns at least 60 percent of the market for personal digital assistants, or P.D.A.'s, with its Wizard line, ranking far ahead of Hewlett-Packard, Casio, Apple Computer and other competitors past and present.

1994年December18日，Laurie Flynn，“Sharp Unveils a New Breed of Personal Digital Assistant”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


zero-knowledge proof

Implementation of a zero-knowledge proof significantly improves the privacy and security of many systems. However, it introduces additional costs in processing power and hard drive space.

零知識證明的實施顯著提高了許多系統的隱私和安全性。然而，它也帶來了額外的處理能力和硬碟空間成本。

2020，Lorne Lantz, Daniel Cawrey，Mastering Blockchain，O'Reilly Media, →ISBN，頁 185:


stormwater

Community groups have collected 12,000 signatures demanding that New York City permanently lower the levels of the Cannonsville, Pepacton and Neversink Reservoirs to 80 percent of capacity so that stormwater runoff can have a place to go rather than charging down the river in flash floods.

2007年October2日，Anthony Depalma，“City Agrees to Help Regulate Delaware River by Releasing Water From Reservoirs”, in New York Times:


Bluetooth

來自blue + tooth，仿譯自古諾爾斯語 Blátǫnn (現代丹麥語 Blåtand)。

Bluetooths (third-person singular present)
Bluetoothing (present participle)
Bluetoothed (past participle)

The widespread use of mobile phones which support free Bluetoothing has enabled promotional videos to be distributed virally between handsets.

2009，Seema Gupta，Branding and Advertising，頁 303:

Everyone's bluetoothing each other the latest ring tones and pictures. Telling the most crazy stories ever.

2010，Katie Taylor，Confessions of a Teenager: The Diaries of Three Troubled Teens，頁 92:


bulletin board system

As companies increase their use of microcomputer-based bulletin board systems, microcomputer managers are finding themselves saddled with the responsibility of being system operators for the boards.

1986年April21日，Melissa Calvo，“Managers Say Bulletin Boards Part of Job”, in InfoWorld，卷 8, 期 16, →ISSN，頁 18:

Hackers and hacker clubs primarily communicate by means of bulletin board systems. It is estimated that there are about 1,300 underground bulletin boards in the U.S.

2001，Sanjiv Purba，Architectures for E-Business Systems，CRC Press, →ISBN，頁 702:


FTP

FTPs (third-person singular present)
FTPing (present participle)
FTPed (past participle)

Just as newsgroups have certain rules to live by, there are several courtesies to remember when FTPing and telneting to remote sites […]

Having saved header.php, I FTPed it back to the Sandbox theme folder, overwriting the old version.

2008，Paul Thewlis，WordPress for Business Bloggers:


internet service provider

A part of the nervousness at Chelsea involves whether any more sponsors will follow the telecommunications and internet service provider Three in withdrawing support, at least temporarily.

March 11 2022，David Hytner，“Chelsea are in crisis but there is no will to leave club on their knees”, in The Guardian:


rubberband

Once the hair is sewn onto the foundation, use the proper styling aids to blend all natural hair that is not in rubberbands into the commercial hair, if necessary.

1998, Natural Hair Care and Braiding ISBN 1562533169, page 114:

Provide each child, or pair of children, with a shoebox (shoebox lid is not needed) and different sizes and thicknesses of rubberbands. The children are to stretch several different sizes of rubberbands around the entire shoebox's girth.

1999, Jennifer Overend Prior, Janet A. Hale, Bats ISBN 1576903761, page 39:

Braiding with rubberbands is quicker than sewing in yarn or thread but it is not acceptable for high-level competition, and it will break off hairs and damage the mane.

2008，Susan E. Harris，Grooming To Win, →ISBN，頁 203:


Sung

源自漢語 宋 (Sòng)的威妥瑪拼音 Sung⁴。

At present the metropolitan area of Kuang-chou City alone comprises some 1,500,000 people or twice that of the Sung period for all of the two provinces.

目前，仅广州市城区就有大约150万人口，或者是宋朝时期两广总人口的两倍。

1954，Herold J. Wiens，Han Chinese Expansion in South China [华南汉族的扩张]，Shoe String Press, 出版於 1967, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 143:

Fish were produced in Hu-chou for sale at the Southern Sung capital.

湖州产鱼，在南宋的首都销售。

1970 [1968]，Shiba Yoshinobu，譯者 Mark Elvin, Commerce and Society in Sung China [宋代中国的商业和社会]，出版於 1992, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 102:

The Sung dynasty was the great Classical Age and it is on this era that the emphasis in this book falls.

宋朝是伟大的古典主义时代，也是本书重点描述的时期。

1976，W.B.R. Neave-Hill，Chinese Ceramics [中国陶瓷]，New York: St. Martin's Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 10:

Today in Peking we repeat a phrase to our allies from the Sung dynasty, seven hundred years old. 'We are as close to you as the lips to the teeth. If the lips are gone, our teeth must chatter with cold.'

今天在北京，我们向盟友们送上一句话，这句话来自七百年前的宋朝。“我们与你们的关系就像嘴唇与牙齿一样密切。如果嘴唇没有了，我们的牙齿一定会冷得发抖。”

1968，Edward S. Aarons，Assignment—Nuclear Nude，Fawcett Publications, →OCLC，頁 135:

PICARD: Lutan, we are aware of many of your planet's achievements, and its unique similarity to an ancient Earth culture we all admire. On behalf of the Federation, therefore, I would like to present this token of our gratitude and friendship. From China's Sung Dynasty, Fourteenth Century.
DATA: Thirteenth Century, sir.
PICARD: Ah yes, indeed.

1987年October12日，Patrick Stewart, Brent Spiner，Code of Honor (Star Trek: The Next Generation) (Science Fiction), Paramount Domestic Television, →OCLC:

Previous scholarship places the rocket’s origins in China during the Sung dynasty (A.D. 960-1279).

以前的学术研究认为，火箭的起源是在中国的宋朝（公元960-1279年）。

2013 February，Jimmy Stamp，“The History of Rocket Science [火箭科学历史]”, in Smithsonian Magazine，存檔自the original on 2014-05-19:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:Sung。


tumen

toman (“(歷史) 蒙古軍隊的一個師”)的另一種寫法

The largest unit was the tumen, equivalent to a division: 10,000 men in principle (and sometimes less). An army was made up of two to four tumen, each composed of ten times a thousand men (the equivalent of a regiment), and each regiment of ten times a hundred men (the equivalent of a squadron), ten times ten men.

2004，Gerard Chaliand，Nomadic Empires: From Mongolia to the Danube，頁 65:


來自或類似8位元電腦時代藝術或音樂的

Typically far more complex than the songs of the 8-bit games, songs in Amiga games had a highly varied structure, but usually followed the same basic principles seen in the 8-bit games (shorter loops with fewer distinct sections for battle music, and longer loops with more distinct sections for in-game music).

2008年January1日，Karen Collins，Game Sound: An Introduction to the History, Theory, and Practice of Video Game Music and Sound Design，MIT Press, →ISBN:

Much of La-Mulanas 8-bit' aesthetic is tied to its self-imposed graphical limitations. To start, the native resolution of 256 × 192 pixels is (as we would expect) much less than that of contemporary standards[…]

2008年November12日，Brett Camper，“Retro Reflexivity: La-Mulana”, in The Video Game Theory Reader 2，Routledge, →ISBN:


Adele

借自法語 Adèle，等同於Adela，源自一日耳曼語族詞根“高貴的”。對比athel, 德語 edel, 古英語 æþele。

源自日耳曼語族的女性人名：阿黛爾

The beauty and simplicity of names are altogether arbitrary: Mary and Elizabeth, and Judith, may suit a taste formed on the Puritan model, that is to say, an English and Scottish taste: the French consider Victoire, Adele, Adriane, or any other such “fanciful and romantic” names, quite as simple, and perhaps as beautiful, as Mr. Stuart does Mary and Jane.

1833，E. Littell，“On Grand Christian Names”, in The New Monthly Magazine，卷 1，頁 211:


blue screen of death

A Blue Screen of Death is like an encrypted message from your computer telling you there's a problem. We're going to help you make sense of the gobbledygook so you can fix whatever's ailing your PC!

2007，Paul Lilly，“BSOD Crash Course”, in Maximum PC，頁 40:


all-in-one

To coincide with the launch, LNER has introduced fixed-price all-in-one return fares for two adults and up to four children, priced at £129 between London, Thornaby and London.

2021年December29日，“Network News: LNER launches King's Cross-Middlesbrough direct service”, in RAIL，期 947，頁 12:


breaking news

突發新聞，插播新聞，即時新聞

Breaking news may contain incomplete information, factual errors, or poor editing because of a rush to publication.

由於匆忙發布，突發新聞可能包含不完整的資訊、事實錯誤或編輯不當。

There is also breaking news that the delayed Crossrail project in London cannot be completed without a further £80 million injection of funds.

還有突發消息稱，如果不進一步注入8000萬英鎊資金，被推遲的倫敦橫貫鐵路計畫就無法完成。

2020年December2日，Industry Insider，“The costs of cutting carbon”, in Rail，頁 76:


by the way

[…] I had counted on a life-lease of the profits, whereas I only received those of a few short years. But this is by the way.

1853, Herman Melville, Bartleby, the Scrivener, in Billy Budd, Sailor and Other Stories, New York: Penguin Books, 1968; reprint 1995 as Bartleby, ISBN 0 14 60.0012 9, p.2:

“A very welcome, kind, useful present, that means to the parish. By the way, Hopkins, let this go no further. We don't want the tale running round that a rich person has arrived. Churchill, my dear fellow, we have such greedy sharks, and wolves in lamb's clothing.[…]”

1918，W. B. Maxwell，章號 7, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

His mother will be coming for dinner tomorrow, and, by the way, she volunteered to bring dessert.

他媽媽明天過來吃晚飯。順帶提一句，她還說要帶點甜品過來。


curses

Fisherman: '1 PLAY COIN FOR 100 GOLD, A BOUNTIFUL TRADE, IF I'D BE SO BOLD!' / Shovel Knight: 'NOT NOW' / FISHERMAN: 'CURSES! THE THOUGHT OF THIS BURDEN UPSETS ME, BUT THAT'S WHAT A LIFE OF ADVENTURING GETS ME!'

2014，Yacht Club Games，Shovel Knight: Shovel of Hope, Nintendo 3DS，關卡/區域：Armor Outpost:


computus

借自拉丁語 computus。conto 的同源對似詞。

An elaborate bundle of techniques called computus therefore developed around Easter calculations. Computus formed the centerpiece of “scientific” education in the monasteries.

2008，Ian F. McNeely, Lisa Wolverton，Reinventing Knowledge: From Alexandria to the Internet，頁 68:

Bede's work, which remained in active use for half a millennium, stood at the very center of the university curriculum, because the mastery of computus included many different essential subjects such as astronomy, mathematics, geography, theology, and law; its applications, too, included medicine and agriculture.

2011，Elisheva Carlbach，Palaces of Time，頁 11:

The technical problems faced by Western computists when it came to dating the day of Christ's Passion and the year of the world's creation were so persistent and perplexing that only a radical solution could restore the lost coherence of computus and chronography.

2011，C. Philipp E. Nothaft，Dating the Passion: The Life of Jesus and the Emergence of Scientific Chronology (200-1600)，頁 103:

一本用於計算天文事件和可移動節日日期的表格

This computus also contains only one completed Plinian diagram, that for the planetary harmonic intervals.

1987, Bruce Eastwood, 5: Plinian astronomical diagrams in the early Middle Ages, Edward Grant, John Emery Murdoch, Mathematics and Its Applications to Science and Natural Philosophy in the Middle Ages, page 149,

Prognostics have thus been discovered in computi, in volumes on science or medicine, and in miscellanies which present a host of different text genres.

2007，László Sándor Chardonnens，Anglo-Saxon Prognostics, 900-1100: Study and Texts，頁 25:


DC

DCs (third-person singular present)
DCing (present participle)
DCed (past participle)
DC'd (past participle)

Since the patch I have been randomly DCing and it's at times completely game-breaking. For example,just now my Paladin was questing in Thou Needles, and I DC'd several times within a few minutes.

2012年February3日，"ToolPackinMama"，“Random DC to Login since patch”, in alt.games.warcraft (Usenet):


duplicator

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-duplicator.wav

可複製東西的機器，如複印機

Schools joining the cooperative were assessed an initial membership fee to purchase a high-speed tape duplicator and about 200 tapes.

加入合作社的学校需要缴纳初始会员费，用于购买高速磁带复制机和约200盘磁带。

1975，Wisconsin Library Bulletin，卷s 71-72，頁 116:


iMac

造於1998年，i- (“internet”) + Mac (“Macintosh”)。

苹果公司设计与生产的一体化台式电脑品牌。

her face bathed in the blue light of her hypnotically addictive 24-inch iMac

她的脸沉浸在令人陶醉的 24 英寸 iMac 的蓝光中

2019，Bernardine Evaristo，Girl, Woman, Other，Penguin Books (2020)，頁 115:


Eden

源自希伯來語 עֵדֶן (eden)，可能源自蘇美爾語 𒂔 (edin，“草原；花園”)。

And the LORD God planted a garden Eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.

耶和華神在東方的伊甸立了一個園子，把所造的人安置在那裡。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 2:8:

英語姓氏，可能派生自地名

It was no good. I felt beyond all question that I was indeed Eden, not Elvesham. But Eden in Elvesham's body!

这没什么用。毫无疑问，我感觉我确实是 Eden，而不是 Elvesham。但我是 Elvesham 身体里的 Eden！

1896，H G Wells，The Story of the Late Mr. Elvesham:


egg drop

To get the egg drop–like shreds, get the soup up to a high boil, add the egg whites, and stir quickly, breaking them up with a whisk as you stir.

1998，Todd English，Sally Sampson，The Figs Table，Simon and Schuster, →ISBN，頁 91:


femtosecond

Sheldon Cooper: My hair is growing at the rate of 4.6 yoctometers per femtosecond.

2012, Mark Cendrowski, The Big Bang Theory, Season 5, Episode 18, "The Werewolf Transformation":

The observation and manipulation of electron dynamics in matter call for attosecond light pulses, routinely available from high-order harmonic generation driven by few-femtosecond lasers.

2017，D. E. Rivas, A. Borot, D. E. Cardenas, G. Marcus, X. Gu, D. Herrmann, J. Xu, J. Tan, D. Kormin, G. Ma, W. Dallari, G. D. Tsakiris, I. B. Földes, S.-w. Chou, M. Weidman, B. Bergues, T. Wittmann, H. Schröder, P. Tzallas, D. Charalambidis, O. Razskazovskaya, V. Pervak, F. Krausz, L. Veisz，“Next Generation Driver for Attosecond and Laser-plasma Physics”, in Scientific Reports，卷 7, →DOI:


hand over

hands over (third-person singular present)
handing over (present participle)
handed over (past participle)

讓與控制權或東西事物的所有權；交出/移交

I handed over the controls to the copilot.

我將控制權移交給副駕駛員。

Liverpool still have a game in hand but City have made up most of that lost ground and this was a resounding message that they will not be handing over the title.

2019年February10日，Phil McNulty，“Manchester City 6-0 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport:


laugh track

laughtrack (alternative)
laugh-track (alternative)
laugh tracks (plural)

You know where you never see a camcorder? At a funeral. Wouldn't that be fun? Especially if you didn't know any of the people there. Why not go to a stranger's funeral, and bring your camcorder? Have a little fun! Zoom in on the corpse's nose hairs. Then pull back, and pan over to the widow's tears. Get a tight shot of that. Do a montage of people wracked with grief. Then go home and put a laugh track on it! Smoke a joint and show it to your friends. That would be a lot of fun.

1997，George Carlin，Brain Droppings，New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁 173:

Possibly a show with no laugh track would improve with a well-done laugh track.

2004，Robert Kubey，Creating Television, →ISBN:

He felt it weird to have this discussion with a laugh track running faintly in the background.

2012，Ridley Pearson，No Witnesses, →ISBN:

There were shows where they let us not use a laugh track ... and portions of shows. Whenever they were in the O.R. or serious surgery, there was no laugh track.

2013，Allan Neuwirth，They'll Never Put That on the Air: The New Age of TV Comedy, →ISBN:


lead time

It's an excellent device, but it has a 10-week lead time, so be sure to order it in advance.

With long lead times in timetable planning WMT [West Midlands Trains] has stated that the earliest it can recast the timetable will be May 2020.

2019 October，“Chase Line service to be split next May”, in Modern Railways，頁 17:


floor plan

Show visitors use the showguide (with floor-plan and ads) to pre-plan their limited visiting time […]

展会观众参考会刊（含展位平面图及广告页）提前规划有限的参观时间 […]

1985，Walter S. Kelley, Henry G. Lord, Walter Bradford Guild，Textile World，卷 135，頁 57:


Microsoft

microcomputer + software 組成的混成詞。參見 -soft。

一家產品被廣泛應用的公司

Similarly, said Fraley, farmers were going to demand Bt cotton or Roundup-resistant soybean plants no matter where they went shopping for seeds. Monsanto would be the Microsoft of agriculture.

2001，Daniel Charles，Lords of the Harvest: Biotech, Big Money, and the Future of Food, →ISBN，頁 110:

The company wanted to turn Celera into the Microsoft of the gene-hunting world, selling its version of the human genome to private or public gene hunters through a proprietary computer program.

2005，Merrill Goozner，The $800 Million Pill: The Truth Behind the Cost of New Drugs, →ISBN，頁 64:

Shepherding is more or less gone (though there’s an interesting move back toward discipleship in today’s church especially among those influenced by Rick Warren’s blockbuster book The Purpose-Driven Life), but Integrity remains as sort of the Microsoft of worship music.

2006，Andrew Beaujon，Body Piercing Saved My Life: Inside the Phenomenon of Christian Rock, →ISBN，頁 232:


Microsoft

Microsofts (third-person singular present)
Microsofting (present participle)
Microsofted (past participle)

在商業實踐和策略方面變得更像微軟

You could call it the Microsofting of the wine industry. Of course, wine is unlikely to be dominated by one producer or one distributor.

2003，Wine Enthusiast，卷 16, 期s 2-8，頁 122:


meme

由英國的生物學家理查德·道金斯在1976造出，用於其著作《自私的基因》。mimeme的縮略（對比英語 phoneme），源自古希臘語 μῖμος (mîmos，“複製，模仿”)。。其網路含義由迈克·戈德温應用。

culturgen

模因，迷因（透過模仿在人與人之間傳播的思想、行為或風格）

模因，迷因（透過模仿在人與人之間傳播的思想、行為或風格）

Examples of memes are tunes, ideas, catch-phrases, clothes fashions, ways of making pots or of building arches.

1976, Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene:

Related memes tend to form mutually supporting meme-complexes such as religions, political ideologies, scientific theories, and New Age dogmas.

2002, Rita Carter, Exploring Consciousness, p. 242:

The original Hobson and Jobson stock comic characters have died out as a meme, as has the application of their names to the Muharram in India.

2014，James Lambert，“A Much Tortured Expression: A New Look At ‘Hobson-Jobson’”, in International Journal of Lexicography，卷 27, 期 1，頁 67:

哏/梗，網路迷因，網路爆火現象 （自1993年）

I do...but my journal is a mess. It's mostly filled with memes and my bitching about a house I am building.

2005，darklily，“OT: Livejournal”, in soc.sexuality.general (Usenet):

The idea was to append Keyboard Cat to the end of a blooper video to "play" that person offstage after a mistake or gaffe, like getting the hook in the days of vaudeville. The meme became popular, Ashton Kutcher tweeted about it to more than 1 million followers, and more than 4,000 such videos have now been made.

2012, Greg Jarboe, You Tube and Video Marketing, 2nd edition:

Harlem Shake meme: the new Gangnam Style? [headline]

2013年February8日，Tim Jonze，“Harlem Shake meme: the new Gangnam Style?”, in The Guardian:

Social networks produce inside jokes at a relentless pace. The best, worst, stupidest and funniest of those jokes become memes, and either you get them or you don’t.

2017年December15日，Jonah Engel Bromwich，“Life on the Meme Council: Meet the Internet’s Gatekeepers”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

He said that NFT sales had helped establish memes as a sophisticated art form and “serious pieces of culture.”

2021年April29日，Marie Fazio，引 Ben Lashes, “The World Knows Her as ‘Disaster Girl.’ She Just Made $500,000 Off the Meme.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


meme

memes (third-person singular present)
meming (present participle)
memeing (present participle)
memed (past participle)

將……轉變成網路迷因；（在現實生活中）使用網路迷因

to meme into existence

Scott Greer, a deputy editor of the Daily Caller, tweeted, “Cernovich memed #SickHillary into reality. Never doubt the power of memes.”

2016年October31日，Andrew Marantz，“Trolls for Trump”, in The New Yorker, retrieved 2017-12-02:

David Moyes succeeding Slaven Bilić as West Ham United manager is being memed into existence by the internet, Football Burp understands.

2017年November6日，“David Moyes to West Ham “memed into existence by the internet””, in Football Burp, retrieved 2017-12-02:

One axiom commonly seen on /pol/ is "The Left Can't Meme"; in other words, left-wing meme jokes aren't funny.

2018，Eric W. Saeger，Russian Nazi Troll Bots!:

actually, it wasn't my mental functioning. i'm just meming.

2004年May17日，you，“Truth vs. Lies”, in alt.slack (Usenet):

“[P]ewdiepie is, once again, doing exactly what neo-nazis want,” Kotaku reporter Nathan Grayson commented on Twitter in response to the incident. “[W]hether he’s just meming or he ascribes to these values, it doesn’t matter. [W]hat matters is that he normalizes these ideas as jokes on THE platform where kids increasingly get their first exposure to the world at large.”

2018年December13日，Aja Romano，“YouTube’s most popular user amplified anti-Semitic rhetoric. Again.”, in Vox:

Some of his fellow fascists thought he was just “meming and pranking”; others dismissed it as “some autistic phase.”

2019，Rachel Monroe，Savage Appetites: Four True Stories of Women, Crime, and Obsession, →ISBN: