muffle

來自中古英語 muflen (“包裹”)，盎格魯-諾曼語 amoufler的語頭音消失，來自古法語 enmoufler (“纏繞，包裹”)，來自moufle (“連指手套”)，來自中世紀拉丁語 muffula (“暖手筒”)，日耳曼語族的原型 (— C.E.817年首次在Capitulary of Aachen所紀錄)，來自古法蘭克語 *muffël (“套，包裹，信封”)來自*mauwa (“套子，包裹”) (來自原始日耳曼語 *mawwō (“套子”)) + *vël (“外皮，皮革”) (來自原始日耳曼語 *fellą (“外皮，薄膜，羊毛”)。另一個詞源將中世紀拉丁語一詞追溯到古法蘭克語 *molfell (“柔軟皮革製成的衣服”)，來自*mol (“柔軟，軟化”) (與古高地德語 molawēn (“軟化”), 中古高地德語 molwic (“軟”), 英語 mulch同族) + *fell (“皮革，皮膚”)。

N.B.—Mr Broughton proposes, with proper assistance, to open an academy at his house in the Haymarket, for the instruction of those who are willing to be initiated in the mystery of boxing: […] muffles are provided, that will effectually secure them from the inconveniency of black eyes, broken jaws, and bloody noses.

1749，Henry Fielding，The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:

Between the two pulleys c, c¹, and around the shaft a, is a muffle d, which receives at both ends the rounded heads of three, four, five, or more screws f, which act as levers. The levers are formed of a right and lefthanded screw, f, and f¹. The two screws are united together by means of a nut g, so that, by turning it, they are lengthened or shortened. The heads of the upper screws f¹, act upon the blocks e, e¹, contained in boxes supported by the plates h, h¹, through the centre of which passes the shaft a. These plates h, h¹, are fixed on the shaft a; they are of a smaller diameter than the inside of the pulleys c, c¹; their object is to keep the blocks e, e¹, from twisting.
By moving the muffle d, to the left, the levers or screws f, f, will force the blocks e, to bear against the inside of the pulley c, placed on that side. The motion of this pulley will cause the muffle d, and consequently the shaft a, to revolve. By pushing the muffle d, on the opposite side, the blocks e, will depress the pulley c, and the blocks e¹, will bear against the pulley c¹, the band of which being crossed, will cause the shaft a, to revolve in a reverse direction.
This shaft being furnished with a pinion, will transmit to a toothed wheel or rack, a motion in both directions at the desired instant, since it is only necessary to give the muffle d, a lateral movement from right to left, or from left to right, by means of a fork which acts on the part b.
By placing the muffle d, half way between the two pullies c, and c¹, the blocks e, and e¹, will release the said pullies, and the shaft a, will be motionless.
The patentee claims, ”the characteristic principle of the mechanical combination herein described, applicable to all cases where it may be useful, by varying the shapes or dimensions according to the power of the machines to which they may be applied.”

1858，Newton's London Journal of Arts and Sciences. New Series，卷 7，頁 26:


maidenhead

maydenhead (alternative)
maidenheads (plural)

Put in but little Silver or Gold, for if you do, you quite spoil the Compoſition ; but inſtead thereof, add of Tradeſmens Bills for Cloaths, to the Value of 100 l. [¶] Laſtly, Take away the Girl's Maidenhead, and then the Compoſition is fit for Uſe.

1713，Sir John Willes，The Speech that was Intended to Have Been Spoken by the Terræ-Filius: In the Theatre at O----d, July 13, 1713, Had Not His Mouth Been Stopp'd by the V. Ch------r:

Gallants, a bashful poet bids me say,
He's come to lose his maidenhead to-day.
Be not too fierce; for he's but green of age,
And ne'er, till now, debauch'd upon the stage.

1760，John Dryden，The Miscellaneous Works: Containing All His Original Poems, Tales, and Translations，頁 367:

My lord,[…]/ I brought you nothing else it may be said / But faith and nakedness and maidenhead.

1951，Geoffrey Chaucer，Nevill Coghill, transl.，The Canterbury Tales: Translated into Modern English (Penguin Classics)，Penguin Books, 出版於 1977，頁 363:

She prayed to Pallas, and by her help escaped from him in the form of a crow, rejoicing more to keep her maidenhead white under the blackness of the feathers than to lose it and be adorned with the fairest pearls.

1900，John Gower，The English Works of John Gower:

So the reference to the plucking of the ginger flower is again an indirect allusion to the taking of the girl's maidenhead .

1995，Ruth H. Finnegan，Margaret Orbell，Reader in Maori Head of Department of Maori Margaret Orbell，South Pacific Oral Traditions，Indiana University Press, →ISBN，頁 70:

The gender reversals that pervade this play continue mischievously in the man's maidenhead being the undisclosed secret.

2004，Yu Jin Ko，Mutability and Division on Shakespeare's Stage，頁 70:

“[…] He said that Katheryn told him he should have her maidenhead, though it be painful to her. I told him to be gone with his empty promises of marriage. But I doubt not that Mr. Mannox has known her intimately.”

2004，Margaret Doner，Merlin's Handbook for Seekers and Starseeds，iUniverse, →ISBN，頁 94:

[…] a young virgin makes an even trade of her maidenhead for a hat that she desires. She negotiates with the haberdasher, who originally stipulated for her maidenhead plus a crown […]

2006，C. Harol，Enlightened Virginity in Eighteenth-Century Literature，Springer, →ISBN，頁 87:

The penis imagery becomes apparent: the nails are 'blunt' and 'large', designed to push through the fair skin in body parts (feet, hands) that had earlier been described in erotically-charged language. As if losing his maidenhead, Christ's body 'bursts' when entered, bringing forth a gush of blood that mars his white (womanly) skin.

2009，The Milieu and Context of the Wooing Group，頁 141:

Almost immediately afterwards, Scanlan discovered that the marriage was legal; Ellie was his wife. He began to feel that he had paid an exceptionally high price for his maidenhead.


mailman

"What I'm thinking," she said, "is that I'll become a mailman. They're hiring women mailmen now, you know. [...]"

“我在想，”她说，“我要去当个邮差。现在他们也开始招女邮差了，你知道吧。……”

1974，Ella Leffland，Love Out of Season，頁 364:


neutrino

由義大利的物理學家恩里科·费米在1933造出，源自 neutron + 意大利語 小稱後綴 -ino。

But researchers at the CERN lab near Geneva claim they have recorded neutrinos, a type of tiny particle, travelling faster than the barrier of 186,282 miles (299,792 kilometres) per second.

2011年September22日，Nick Collins，“Speed of light 'broken' by scientists”, in Daily Telegraph:


messenger

源自中古英語 messengere、messingere、messangere，源自古法語 messanger，古法語 messagier（對比現代法語 messager）的變體，等同於message + -er。messager 的同源對似詞。
代替本土的古英語 boda (“信使，使者”) 和 ǣrendraca (“信使，特使”)。
至於 -ager 被 -enger、-inger、-anger代替的現象，對比passenger、harbinger、scavenger、porringer。這樣做可能只添加了一個 n，或可能是與其他後綴，如中古英語 -ing的混淆。對比古法語 -ange、-enc、-inge、-inghe (對應英語的 -ing) 與 古法語 -age (對應英語的 -age) 的關係。

根據破產或清償相關法律，執行部分職責（如破產者財產）的人

The Messenger under the joint Commission of Bankruptcy might have seized the Whole, if they had remained in their Warehouse

James Burrow，Reports of Cases Adjudged in the Court of King's Bench:


mayonnaise

非同化借詞，源自法語 mayonnaise，可能以梅諾卡島的 Maó (西班牙語為 Mahón) 市命名，該食譜就是從那裡傳回法國的。對比西班牙語 mahonesa。其他建議的起源包括貝雲市（bayonnaise）；馬耶訥公爵和法語中的單字 manier (“處理”) 或古法語中的 moyeu（即蛋黃）。

Mayonnaise (alternative)
mayonnaises (plural)

由植物油、生蛋黃、醋或檸檬汁和調味料製成的調味品，用於沙拉、炸薯條、三明治等。

There are 250 foods, including mayonnaise, cheese and cocoa, that don't list ingredients at all.

有 250 種食品根本沒有列出成分，包括蛋黃醬、起司和可可。

The FDA's original intent for foods included under "standards of identity" ensured that terms like "mayonnaise" or "ice cream” would guarantee the same basic ingredients required in the government-established recipe no matter who manufactured it.

FDA 對納入「身分標準」的食品的初衷是確保「蛋黃醬」或「冰淇淋」等名稱無論由誰生產，都能保證其基本成分符合政府制定的配方。

1975，Irma S. Rombauer, Marion Rombauer Becker，Joy of Cooking，頁 7:

I grew up thinking that the blue and white Miracle Whip salad dressing jar in the fridge held the same substance the rest of the world knew as mayonnaise. / Now I know that mayonnaise is something entirely different.

我從小就認為冰箱裡藍白相間的 Miracle Whip 沙拉醬罐裡裝的就是世界上其他地方所熟知的蛋黃醬。 / 現在我知道蛋黃醬是完全不同的東西。

The oils in store-bought mayonnaise range from olive oil to sunflower oil to safflower oil and some less desirable oils!

商店購買的蛋黃醬所含的油種類繁多，從橄欖油到葵花籽油、紅花油，甚至還有一些不太理想的油！

2008，Jan McCracken，The Everything Lactose Free Cookbook:

Most store-bought mayonnaise contains ingredients (vinegar, lemonjuice, and salt) that actually slow bacterial growth

大多數商店購買的蛋黃醬都含有可以減緩細菌生長的成分（醋、檸檬汁和鹽）

2012，Marie A. Boyle, Sara Long Roth，Personal Nutrition:

任何乳霜，例如用於保濕臉部或調理頭髮的乳霜，其基礎成分都是蛋黃和油。

hair mayonnaise

facial mayonnaise

They include cider vinegar, two pre-shampoo products, shampoo, conditioner, hair mayonnaise, oil, leave-in conditioner, end protector, revitalising styling spray and filtered water.

它們包括蘋果醋、兩種洗髮前產品、洗髮精、護髮素、髮絲乳霜、油、免沖洗護髮素、髮梢保護劑、活力造型噴霧和過濾水。

2016，Emma Tarlo，Entanglement: The Secret Lives of Hair，Oneworld Publications, →ISBN:

Then I implemented a lighter protein conditioner – such as hair mayonnaise, which I learned about from my cousin Renee – for the off weeks. I used this hidden gem in combination with olive oil (yes, I bought a kitchen bottle of olive oil – the same kind my grandmother used in every single delicious dish she ever cooked – strictly for use in my hair).

然後，我在休息的幾周里使用了更輕的蛋白質護髮素 - 例如頭髮乳霜，這是我從表妹蕾妮那裡學到的。我將這種藏宝與橄欖油混合使用（是的，我買了一瓶廚房橄欖油 - 和我祖母在她做的每道美味佳餚中都用到的一樣 - 專門用於我的頭髮）。

2010，Rhea E. Santangelo，Grow It Girl! How I Took My Hair from Broken to Beautiful，Lulu.com, →ISBN，頁 26:

Rancey and our coach, Damien Hardwick, still both joke that "Dimma" tried to off-load him for a sixpack of beers and a bucket of chips in his first few years, but I think they both put some mayonnaise on the story these days.

蘭西和我們的教練達米安哈德威克仍然開玩笑說，「迪瑪」在他最初的幾年裡試圖用六罐啤酒和一桶薯片來打發他，但我認為他們現在都在這個故事上加了一些誇大的成分。

2017年March2日，Trent Cotchin，“Alex Rance is one of the most competitive humans that has walked the planet, writes Trent Cotchin”, in Herald Sun，Melbourne，存檔自the original on 2024-06-22:

If he had a reputation among supporters of playing for free kicks he wasn't aware of it and no one from the AFL or coaches spoke to him specifically about changing his style. But he admits, he would "put some mayonnaise" on top of what defenders had done to him to ensure the umpires were aware of what was happening.

如果他在支持者中以踢自由球而聞名，他並沒有意識到這一點，也沒有 AFL 的人或教練專門與他談過改變他的風格。但他承認，他會在防守球員對他的行為上“誇張”一些，以確保裁判知道發生了什麼。

2020年August27日，Peter Ryan，“The (football) world is a stage, and players think umpires should police it”, in The Age，Melbourne:


mayonnaise

Mayonnaise (alternative)
mayonnaises (third-person singular present)
mayonnaising (present participle)
mayonnaised (past participle)

Jones himself presided in the kitchen, mincing truffles, mayonnaising lobster, booting waiters out the door with tray after tray of steaming savories and teeth-numbing sweets, […]

瓊斯親自在廚房主持，切碎松露，用蛋黃醬給龍蝦調味，用一盤又一盤熱氣騰騰的美味佳餚和麻木牙齒的甜點把服務員趕出門，[…]

I thought of mayonnaising her racket handle or substituting it for sunblock, but decided against it.

我曾想過給她的球拍柄塗上蛋黃醬或用防曬霜代替，但最終決定不這麼做。

2009，David Galef，How to Cope With Suburban Stress:


millisecond

We live our lives in three dimensions for our threescore and ten allotted years. Yet every branch of contemporary science, from statistics to cosmology, alludes to processes that operate on scales outside of human experience: the millisecond and the nanometer, the eon and the light-year.

我们七十年的人生都在三维空间中度过。然而，从统计学到宇宙学，当代科学的每个分支，都涉及着超越人类经验尺度的运作过程：毫秒、纳米、永恒、光年。

2012年January13日，Robert L. Dorit，“Rereading Darwin”, in American Scientist，卷 100, 期 1，存檔自the original on 2012-11-14，頁 23:

The suggestion that pulsars were rotating neutron stars was put forth independently by Thomas Gold and Franco Pacini in 1968, and was soon proven beyond reasonable doubt by the discovery of a pulsar with a very short (33-millisecond) pulse period in the Crab nebula.ᵂ

1968年，托马斯·戈尔德和弗兰科·帕西尼分别独立提出了脉冲星是旋转中子星的观点，这一观点很快通过在蟹状星云中发现一颗脉冲周期非常短（33毫秒）的脉冲星而得到毫无疑问的证实。


muscularity

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-muscularity.wav

I won’t promote the silencing of dissent through verbal muscularity.

我不会提倡通过言语暴力来压制异议。

2018年October13日，Judith Taylor，“I’m a woman who imitated the swagger of an entitled white male — and it got results”, in The Star:


monstrous

繼承自中古英語 monstrous，來自古法語 monstrueuse、monstrüos，來自拉丁語 mōnstrōsus。對照monstruous。

more monstrous (comparative)
most monstrous (superlative)

醜惡的，醜陋的；駭人聽聞的；極端荒謬的

So bad a death argues a monstrous life.

c. 1596–1599，William Shakespeare，“The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio)，London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:

a monstrous height

Possibly monster pumpkins may become still more monstrous by the shoots being ringed, and so may other vegetables and fruits where quality is of less importance than mere size.

1901年December20日，“The Ringing of Plants”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record，卷 4, 期 21，頁 663:

He, therefore, that refuses to do good to them whom he is bound to love […] is unnatural and monstrous in his affections.

1650，Jeremy Taylor，The rule and exercises of holy living:

與神話中怪物有關的，似怪物的；充滿怪物的

Where thou, perhaps, under the whelming tide / Visitest the bottom of the monstrous world.

1637，John Milton，“Lycidas”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […]，London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], 出版於 1646, →OCLC:


malingerer

/məˈlɪŋɡəɹə/

It is telling, in this context of rising rates of mental illness, that New Labour committed itself, early in its third term in government, to removing people from Incapacity Benefit, implying that many, if not most, claimants are malingerers.

2009，Mark Fisher，章號 5, in Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative?，Zero Books, →ISBN，頁 37:


medical

借自中古法語 medical，源自中世紀拉丁語 medicālis，源自拉丁語 medicus。代替古英語 lǣċe (“醫生”)，其與冰島語 læknir (“醫生”)同源。

more medical (comparative)
most medical (superlative)

medical doctor; medical student

Do you have any medical experience?

你有過醫學方面的經驗嗎？

The US supreme court has ruled unanimously that natural human genes cannot be patented, a decision that scientists and civil rights campaigners said removed a major barrier to patient care and medical innovation.

2013年June21日，Karen McVeigh，“US rules human genes can't be patented”, in The Guardian Weekly，卷 189, 期 2，頁 10:


medical

You'll have to get a medical before you apply for that job.

你應聘之前，得去做個體檢。

After completing a medical and the requisite paperwork on Tuesday to seal the deal, Di María said: “I am absolutely delighted to be joining Manchester United. I have thoroughly enjoyed my time in Spain and there were a lot of clubs interested in me, but United is the only club that I would have left Real Madrid for.

2014, Jamie Jackson, "Ángel di María says Manchester United were the ‘only club’ after Real", The Guardian, 26 August 2014:

All UK train drivers must undergo a medical every three years up to the age of 54, and annually from then on.

2021年November17日，“Network News: Age-related medical requirements”, in RAIL，期 944，頁 9:


moonscape

In the Australian outback, industrial activity — notably open-pit coal mining — has turned verdant areas into moonscapes seemingly overnight, and the suicide rate in the region has skyrocketed.

2007年December20日，Clive Thompson，“Clive Thompson on How the Next Victim of Climate Change Will Be Our Minds”, in Wired Magazine，期 16.01，存檔自the original on 2013-06-30:

Looking across the recently flattened, desolate moonscape of this former 52-acre Great Western depot and industrial area, south of Willesden Junction in west London, it's hard to imagine it will be home to the UK's largest, busiest and best-connected new railway station since Victorian times.

2020年July15日，Marion Gourlay，“Old Oak Common: no ordinary station”, in Rail，頁 48:


megagon

Find the constant of proportionality for a decagon, kilogon, and megagon.

尋找十邊形、一千邊形、一百萬邊形的比例常數

1999，Mark Dugopolski，College Algebra and Trigonometry，頁 505:

[…] 1000000 sides (a "regular megagon") […]

[…] 一百萬條邊（“正一百萬邊形”） […]

A megagon is close to the perfection of a circle — a kind of generational transmutation.

2007, Arthur Greenberg, From Alchemy to Chemistry in Picture and Story


misericord

/ˈmɪzəɹɪkɔː(ɹ)d/

The word misericordia implies an act of mercy but despite its amiable name, it refers to coercing or forcing a spirit to pass through the Gates of Death. In the age of medieval chivalry, knights carried a dagger called the misericorde that was used to strike the coup de grâce upon mortally wounded foes so that they did not have to suffer. The term “misericordia” carries a similar import in necromancy.

2024，Rob Douglas，Nonie Douglas，“Pathways to Resolution” (章號 12), in Unquiet Voices: The Magical Art of Laying Ghosts，Llewellyn Worldwide, →ISBN，頁 223:


misogyny

miso- + -gyny；來自古希臘語 μισογυνία (misogunía)和μισογύνης (misogúnēs，“厭恨女人的人”)，來自μισέω (miséō，“我厭恨”) + γυνή (gunḗ，“女人”)。

Although she argues against a simplistic conflation of types of prejudice, she suggests that misogyny is typically present in both narcissistic and obsessive forms of anti-Semitic prejudice.
#*:: 儘管她反對將偏見的類型簡單化地混為一談，但她認為厭女症通常存在於自戀和強迫性的反猶太偏見中。

1999, Joanne Marie Greer, David O. Moberg, Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion ISBN 0762304839, p. 29:

His misogyny, like that of his predecessors, is more than prejudice; […]

他的厭女症，就像他的前輩一樣，不僅僅是偏見； […]

1999，Ethel Spector Person，The Sexual Century, →ISBN，頁 84:

This ontological symbiosis also explains his misogyny. By envying Sue, as the man he cannot become, he projects his self-loathing onto her, trying to diminish what he actually admires.

這種本體論的共生關係也解釋了他的厭女症。通過羨慕蘇，作為他不能成為的人，他把他的自我厭惡投射到她身上，試圖削弱他實際欽佩的東西。

2005，Jeff Johnson，William Inge And The Subversion Of Gender, →ISBN，頁 122:

ISBN 0786718234

[…] I have always found it hard that Hamlet, a character that I love and admire, is guilty of a puerile misogyny and, perhaps, more worryingly, of the unnecessary deaths of his old friends from university, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. When I played him, I could find reasons for the misogyny but half-ignored the murders.

[…] 我一直認為，哈姆雷特這個我喜愛和欽佩的人物，犯了愚蠢的厭女症，也許更令人擔憂的是，他大學時的老朋友羅森格蘭茲和吉爾登斯吞的無謂死亡。當我扮演他時，我可以為厭女症找到理由，但對謀殺案卻半點不以為然。

2014年April12日，Simon Russell Beale，“Why Shakespeare always says something new: As the 450th anniversary of Shakespeare's birth approaches, the great Shakespearean actor Simon Russell Beale explains his secrets [print version: The king and I]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review)，London，頁 R7:


melancholy

繼承自中古英語 malencolie，來自古法語 melancolie，來自古希臘語 μελαγχολία (melankholía，“atrabiliousness”)，來自μέλας (mélas)、μελαν- (melan-，“黑色，黑暗，陰暗”) + χολή (kholḗ，“膽汁”)。對照拉丁語 ātra bīlis (“黑膽汁”)。形容詞用法是中古英語的創新，可能受到後綴-y、-ly的影響。

melancholly (alternative)
melancholie (alternative)
melancholious (alternative)
melancholies (plural)

"The ancients referred melancholy to the mind, the moderns make it matter of digestion—to either case my plan applies," said Lady Mandeville.

1831，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 VI, in Romance and Reality. […]，卷 III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC，頁 111:

As to Ernest... He is quite as nervously broken down as I am but it manifests itself in different ways. His inclination is towards megalomania and mine towards melancholy.

1936 Sept. 15, F. Scott Fitzgerald, letter to Beatrice Dance:


melancholy

melancholly (alternative)
melancholie (alternative)
melancholious (alternative)
more melancholy (comparative)
most melancholy (superlative)

Melancholy people don't talk much.

“[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes[…]. And then, when you see [the senders], you probably find that they are the most melancholy old folk with malignant diseases. […]”

1922，Ben Travers，章號 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest:

And then the band slowed the tempo / And the music gets you down / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah / It was the same old song / With a melancholy sound / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah

1981，Greg Kihn, Steve Wright，“The Breakup Song (They Don't Write 'Em)”, in RocKihnRoll，演出者 The Greg Kihn Band:


spermatozoon

派生自古希臘語 σπέρμα (spérma，“精液”) + ζῷον (zôion，“生物、活物”)。

spermatozoön (alternative)
spermatozoan (alternative)
spermatozoa (plural)

/ˌspɜːmətə(ʊ)ˈzəʊɒn/

But let us suppose [...] that one hardy or lucky spermatozoon has reached the waiting egg.

但是讓我們假設 … 一個強壯或幸運的精子已經到達等待著的卵子。

2019，Bill Bryson，The Body: A Guide for Occupants，Black Swan (2020)，頁 339:


Peter

繼承自中古英語 Peter，繼承自古英語 Petrus，源自拉丁語 Petrus，源自古希臘語 Πέτρος (Pétros)，源自 πέτρος (pétros，“磐石”)。Pedro、Piers和Boutros 的同源對似詞。

Pet.

新約聖經中彼得的書信、被認為是聖彼得的著作，包含《彼得前書》和《彼得後書》兩部分

Petersboro

普查規定居民點名，位於美國猶他州卡什縣，以彼得·摩翰命名

源自古希臘語的男性人名。

她不認識彼得，但他時不時出現在約翰和麥可的腦海裡，而溫蒂的腦海裡也開始到處亂寫他的名字。這個名字比其他任何單字都更醒目，達林夫人凝視著它，覺得它有一種奇怪的自大。

1911，J. M. Barrie，章號 I, in Peter Pan，Wordsworth Editions Ltd, 出版於 1993:

男孩的名字真棒！ / 卡羅爾就像一輛滾動的汽車，/ 馬丁就像一隻飛翔的小鳥，/ 亞當就像上帝的第一個詞，/ 雷蒙德就像豐收的月亮，/ 彼得就像風笛手的曲調，

1933，Eleanor Farjeon，“Boys' Names”, in Over the Garden Wall，Faber and Faber，頁 90:


been there, done that

為“I have been there and have done that”的省略。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-been there, done that.ogg

been there, done that, bought the T-shirt

斷言說話者對某事/某地有親身經驗、了解，而不想再重複去做

No, I don't wanna go paragliding. Been there, done that. I found it awful.

我才不要去玩滑翔傘。早就玩過了，我不喜歡。

Paragliding? Been there, done that, bought the T-shirt and the video.

滑翔啊？早就玩過了，還買了紀念衫跟錄影。

Huntsman feints at being the Snow White retelling no one has ever seen before, but ultimately becomes the “been there, done that” of fairy-tale filmmaking.

2012年May31日，Tasha Robinson，“Film: Review: Snow White And The Huntsman”, in The A.V. Club:

He looked down at my résumé. “Wow, you interned at The New Yorker. Did you apply there?” ¶ “Nope.” ¶ He looked up. ¶ I gave the line a tug. ¶ “I just felt like, ‘been there, done that,’ you know? Also, I dated a few guys in the office so it would've been awkward.”

2013，Iris Smyles，Iris Has Free Time，Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint, →ISBN，頁 7:


google

googles (third-person singular present)
googling (present participle)
googled (past participle)

Tom googles all of his prospective girlfriends.

"Have fun and keep googling!"

1998年July8日，Larry Page，“Google Search Engine: New Features”, in eGroups，Google Friends Mailing List，存檔自the original on 1999-10-09:

Googling in search of an apology from the former Enron C.E.O. […]

2002年December28日，Bill Keller，“Who's Sorry Now?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, retrieved 2007-06-24，頁 A-19:


objector

"It would be amusing, sir, to shut these various objectors up in a room and let them settle it among themselves."

1926，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，The Land of Mist:


paramecium

來自古希臘語 παραμήκης (paramḗkēs，“橢圓形的”)，來自μῆκος (mêkos，“長的”)。

The sun beats on his eyelids; inside them a paramecium revolves. A blink and it changes pattern like a kaleidoscope.

1983，Robert Drewe，The Bodysurfers，Penguin 2009，頁 144:

Edgar noticed that Clyde was wearing a necktie with a driblet design. The little figures made him think of paramecia, sinister organisms with gullets and feeding grooves.

1997，Don DeLillo，Underworld，2003 edition, →ISBN，頁 560:


percolator

She heard the percolator bell ring.

1986，David Leavitt，The Lost Language of Cranes，第paperback版, Penguin，頁 176:


obsequies

obsequy 的複數；繼承自中古英語 obsequias、obsequies、obsequyes，源自拉丁語 obsequiae。

牛津辭典偏好唯複用法，可以視作英式英語的用法；而韋伯斯特字典則指出了複數用法的普遍性，並給出了該詞的單數和複數形式。

在現代用法中，不應和 obsequious (“諂媚”) 混淆。

A murmur of astonishment ran through the chapel. It was hushed instantly, for, at a sign from Lord Avonleigh, the coffin was carried into the vault; and again the voice of the priest was the only sound, breathing the last and solemn benediction of the mournful obsequies.

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XIX, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 163:


oftentimes

繼承自中古英語 oftentymes；等價於 oftentime + -s。對照 oftentime。

But because this is oftentimes dangerous, and much hurt hath been received thereby through casualty of fire, I advise the sticking four stakes into the earth, at least five feet above the ground […]

但由於這樣做常常很危險，而且火災造成的傷亡也很大，我建議在離地面至少五英尺的地方插上四根木樁 […]

1804，Robert Wissett，On the Cultivation and Preparation of Hemp:

Pique and linen also accented several coats and oftentimes were both detachable and formed an overcollar covering a collar made from the coat fabric.

凸紋布和亞麻布也是多款外套的特色，而且通常都是可拆卸的，並形成一個外領，覆蓋由外套面料製成的衣領。

1967，Ann Helen Stroup，An Investigation of the Dress of American Children from 1930 Through 1941 with Emphasis on Factors Influencing Change，頁 195:

Over the past decade, the very nature of organized crime has changed, with many groups diversifying their income beyond drug trafficking, and large cartels splintering into smaller, oftentimes more nimble groups.

在過去十年中，有組織犯罪的本質發生了變化，許多犯罪集團的收入來源除了販毒外還變得多元化，大型犯罪集團分裂成規模較小、往往更靈活的團體。

2023年January10日，Whitney Eulich, America Armenta，“Mexico arrests son of ‘El Chapo’: Why don’t citizens feel safer?”, in The Christian Science Monitor:


opisthotonos

源自拉丁語 opisthotonus 及其來源古希臘語 ὀπισθότονος (opisthótonos)，等同於 opistho- + tonus (“肌肉緊張”)。

角弓反張 （自16世纪）

[T]he Actors struggled & bounced, and sprunted as if in Convulsions; like Patients under the Influence of a Disease called in Jamaica the Opisthotonos or dry Gripes […].

演员们挣扎着、弹跳着，像抽搐一样跳跃着；就像患上了一种在牙买加被称为角弓反张或干性肠病的疾病的患者一样 […] 。


packman

Wildeve was standing with his back to the fireplace smoking a cigar; and the promoter of the raffle, a packman from a distant town, was expatiating upon the value of the fabric as material for a summer dress.

1912，Thomas Hardy，The Return of the Native:

L Beneath love's heavy weight my falt'ring soul Plods, like the packman, o'er life's dusty road.

Magneezhy was in an awful case; if he had been already shot, he could not have looked more clay and corpse-like; so I took up a douce earnest confabulation, while the stramash was drawing to a bloody conclusion, with Mr Harry Molasses, the fourth in the spree, who was standing behind Bloatsheet with a large mahogany box under his arm, something in shape like that of a licensed packman, ganging about from house to house, through the country-side, selling toys and trinkets; or niffering plaited ear-rings, and suchlike, with young lasses, for old silver coins or cracked teaspoons.

1828，David Macbeth Moir，The Life of Mansie Wauch:


perforce

源自中古英語 par force，源自盎格魯-諾曼語，源自古法語 par force (“強迫”)。

"Keep fast thy hold, for by such stairs as these,"
The Master said, panting as one fatigued,
"Must we perforce depart from so much evil."

1882，Henry Wadsworth Longfellow，Inferno, canto 34:

So, bevelling around by Mullett's and the Signal House which they shortly reached, they proceeded perforce in the direction of Amiens street railway terminus

1922 February，James Joyce，“[Episode 16]”, in Ulysses，Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

Accordingly work perforce had to be begun. The first sod was cut at Anley, near Settle, in November, 1869, [...].

1939 July，John D. Hewitt，“Some Notable British Main Lines: 1. Settle and Carlisle, L.M.S.R.”, in Railway Magazine，頁 35:

Adult immigrants must perforce learn some English, and their children are likely to become English monolinguals.

2006，Alejandro Portes, Rubén G. Rumbaut，Immigrant America: A Portrait，第3rd版，頁 239:

The central issue in this case is whether the procedures followed respected the applicants’ family life or constituted an interference with the exercise of the right to respect for family life which could not be justified as necessary in a democratic society. […] It is true that Article 8 contains no explicit procedural requirements, but this is not conclusive of the matter. The relevant considerations to be weighed by a local authority in reaching decisions on children in its care must perforce include the views and interests of the natural parents.

2013年August1日，European Court of Human Rights，A.K. and L. v. Croatia，期 37956/11, marginal 62–63:


okapi

借自姆武巴語 okapi。

Congolese giraffe

㺢㹢狓 （自20世紀早期）

forest giraffe

㺢㹢狓 （自20世紀早期）

zebra giraffe

㺢㹢狓 （自20世紀早期）

㺢㹢狓 （自20世紀早期）

[page 498, column 1] [I]n leading them [African Pygmies] back to the forests where they dwelt, I obtained much information from them on the subject of the horse-like animal which they called the "Okapi." […] [page 499, column 1] The coloration of the Okapi is quite extraordinary. […] The hind quarters, hind and fore legs are either snowy white or pale cream color, touched here and there with orange. They are boldly marked, however, with purple-black stripes and splodges, which give that zebra-like appearance to the limbs of the Okapi that caused the first imperfect account of it to indicate the discovery of a new striped horse.

1901 September，Harry [i.e., Henry] H[amilton] Johnston，“The Okapi: The Newly-discovered Beast Living in Central Africa”, in McClure’s Magazine，卷 XVII, 期 5, New York, N.Y., London: S[amuel] S[idney] McClure Co., →OCLC，頁s 498 and 499:

Personally I esteem it a more fascinating and a more important task to investigate the relations of the Okapi with the Giraffe on the one hand, and its fossil relatives on the other.

1902年November18日，C[harles] I[mmanuel] Forsyth Major，“On a Specimen of the Okapi Lately Received at Brussels”, in Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London，卷 I, London: […] [Zoological] Society [of London]; Messrs. Longmans, Green, and Co., […], →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 344:

Dr. [Cuthbert] Christy adds his testimony to that of his predecessors in the same quest as to the "invisibility" of the okapi, whose markings and coloration—pace Colonel Theodore Roosevelt—so break up the surface of its large body and long legs as to cause it to fuse with the dark-brown, russet, while and yellow-white of the twigs and stems and leaf-stalks amongst which it moves. He also points out that the hoofs of the okapi are so closely pressed together that the footprint is almost like that of the single-toed donkey.

1915年August26日，H[enry] H[amilton] Johnston，“Life Habits of the Okapi”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science，卷 95, 期 2391, London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC，頁 714，列 1:

I also took out a licence to shoot small game, costing fifty francs, which can be obtained on the spot, and under which I was able to shoot all kinds of game, excepting elephants, chimpanzis, gorillas and okapis.

1922 May，T[homas] Alexander Barns，“To the Game-haunted Solitudes of Ruchuru and Ruindi Plains”, in The Wonderland of the Eastern Congo: The Region of the Snow-crowned Volcanoes, the Pygmies, the Giant Gorilla and the Okapi，London, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC，頁 99:


ottoman

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ottoman.wav

This ottoman is set on casters, and is a great convenience for holding articles, while serving also as a seat.

1869，Catherine E. Beecher, Harriet Beecher Stowe，The American Woman’s Home:


progeny

O Progeny of Heaven! Empyreal Thrones!

(Can we date this quote?)，John Milton，Paradise Lost:

Books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a potency of life in them to be as active as that soul was whose progeny they are.

(Can we date this quote?)，John Milton，Areopagitica:

Dante’s progeny among the writers are his true canonizers.

(Can we date this quote?)，Harold Bloom，(請指定書籍名或刊物名):

Issued from the progeny of kings.

(Can we date this quote?)，William Shakespeare，(請指定書籍名或刊物名):


oligarchy

借自法語 oligarchie，源自晚期拉丁語 oligarchia，源自古希臘語 ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía)，源自ὀλίγος (olígos，“少數”) + ἀρχή (arkhḗ，“統治”)。
By surface analysis, oligo- (“少數”) + -archy (“統治，命令”)。

/ˈɒlɪˌɡɑːki/

/ˈɑːlɪˌɡɑɹki/

/ˈoʊlɪˌɡɑɹki/

meritocracy

由「最優秀的人」統治，特別是世襲貴族

Despite the involvement of all classes of society, America's political duopoly and the importance of money to mass-market campaigning has established an oligarchy that is seldom responsive to the citizenry as a whole, when opposed to the wealthy or major interest groups.

儘管社會各階層都參與其中，但美國的雙頭政治壟斷以及金錢對大眾競選活動的重要性，已經確立了一個寡頭政治，當與富人或主要利益集團對抗時，該寡頭政治很少對全體公民負責。

It's an oligarchy because these families own and run almost everything that makes money in El Salvador. Coffee gave birth to the oligarchy in the late 19th century, and economic growth has revolved around them ever since.

這是一個寡頭政治，因為這些家族擁有並經營著薩爾瓦多幾乎所有賺錢的東西。咖啡在19世紀末催生了寡頭政治，從此經濟成長就圍繞著寡頭政治。

1981年September6日，“The Eclipse of the Oligarchs [寡头的衰落]”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The Itasca Project is just one example of existing oligarchy, and a surprisingly open one at that.

伊塔斯卡計畫只是現存寡頭政治的一個例子，並且是一個令人驚訝的公開的寡頭政治。

2016年January17日，“Wealthy cabals run America [富有的阴谋集团统治美国]”, in Al Jazeera America, retrieved 2016-01-18:


pneumoconiosis

借自新拉丁語 pneumoconiōsis，來自古希臘語 πνεῦμα (pneûma，“風，氣息，精神”) + κόνις (kónis，“灰塵”) + -osis。

Zhang Haichao was twenty-eight when he got pneumoconiosis. He was fit and well before he started working at an abrasive-materials factory in Xinmi, not far from Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan, where he comes from. On the job, he inhaled a huge amount of dust every day. In the second half of 2007, he began to cough and felt short of breath.

張志超28歲就得了塵肺病。在新密一家磨料工廠上班之前，他的身體很好很健康，那裡距離他的老家、河南省省會鄭州不遠。工作中他每天都會吸入大量的粉塵。在2007年下半年，他開始咳嗽、感覺呼吸困難，

2012，Hsiao-Hung Pai，Scattered Sand: The Story of China's Rural Migrants [散沙：中國農民工的故事]，Verso Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC，頁 86:


prolactin

源自 pro- (源自古希臘語 πρό (pró，“之前”)) + lact- (lacto- 的異體，源自拉丁語 lac (“奶，如”)) + -in (-ine 的異體)。

Men get a dose of the hormone prolactin after orgasm and this acts as a sedative.

男性在性高潮后会分泌一定剂量的催乳素，这种激素具有镇静作用。


premedication

The retrospective study revealed that, in the acetaminophen group, the mean value of postmedication body temperature (BT) was significantly higher than that of the premedication BT.

回顾性研究显示，对乙酰氨基酚组用药后体温（BT）平均值明显高于用药前体温。

2015年October3日，“Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Are Better than Acetaminophen on Fever Control at Acute Stage of Fracture”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


oligopoly

原始印歐語詞
 *h₃ligos
源自oligo- (前綴意思是“很少；一些”) + -poly (後綴，意思是“與市場上賣家的數量有關”)，類比monopoly。

/ɒlɪˈɡɒpəli/

/ˌɑləˈɡɑpəli/

Because of the ease of collusion, particularly price fixing, duopolies and oligopolies easily produce outcomes as bad for the general public as outright monopolies.

由於容易發生合謀，尤其是價格操縱，雙頭壟斷和寡占很容易產生與徹底壟斷一樣對公眾有害的後果。

For the sheep are falling into few and powerful hands; and these, if they have not a monopoly, have at least an oligopoly, and can keep up the price.

因為羊群落入了少數有權有勢的人的手中；這些企業即使沒有形成壟斷，至少也是形成寡占，並且能維持價格。

1866年October1日，Frederic Seebohm，“The Oxford Reformers of 1498. Chapter VII.”, in The Fortnightly Review，卷 VI, 期 XXXIV, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, section 3 ([Thomas] More Drawn into Court. His Introduction to the “Utopia” (1516))，頁 489:

[Thomas] More makes an antithesis between monopolium and oligopolium. We have ‘monopoly,’ but not ‘oligopoly’ (the sale by a few), and so cannot preserve the point of the sentence.

[托馬斯] 莫爾將壟斷與寡占進行了對比。我們有‘壟斷’，但沒有‘寡占’（少數人銷售），因此無法保留該句子的要點。

[1895，J[oseph] H[irst] Lupton，“The Fyrste Boke of the Communycacion of Raphaell Hythlodaye Concernynge the Best State of a Commenwealthe”, in Thomas More, 譯者 Ralph Robynson, The Utopia of Sir Thomas More: In Latin from the Edition of March 1518, and in English from the First Edition of Ralph Robynson’s Translation in 1551 […]，Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, footnote 2，頁 55，列 2:

An embarrassing infelicity is the use of Russianised consonants, where for six of the consonants, an additional set is made by supersigns, representing the letter h. […] The specialist offices have it all to themselves; not a 'monopoly’, but an ‘oligopoly’, if we may coin the term.

一個令人尷尬的不恰當之處是俄語化輔音的使用，其中六個輔音由一組額外的上標符號組成，代表字母 h。 […] 專業辦公室擁有自己的一切；不是‘壟斷’，而是‘寡占’，如果我們可以創造這個術語的話。

1907 April，G. Macloskie，“[General Literature.] The Gospel of Matthew in Esperanto.—La Evangelio Sankta Mateo lau Dro. Martin Luther Tradukita en la Lingvon Internacian Esperanto de W. B. Mielck kaj Fr. Stephan, kun Antauparolo de Lic. Dr. Alfred Jeremias Pastro de la Lutheran-preghejo kaj Docento de la Universitato en Leipzig. Leipzig, 1906. J. C. Hinrichs. pp. vii, 66. [book review]”, in The Princeton Theological Review，卷 V, 期 2, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁 352:

The major difference between pure and differentiated oligopoly cases is that in pure oligopolies less "shock" is needed to alter the organization of the market.

純粹寡占和差異化寡占之間的主要區別在於，純粹寡占需要較少的「衝擊」來改變市場組織。

1967，John C. Narver，“The Competitive Effects of Conglomerate Mergers”, in Conglomerate Mergers and Market Competition (Publications of the Institute of Business and Economic Research, University of California)，Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California Press, 出版於 1969, →OCLC，頁 126:

Although the power source had shifted from the king's near monopoly into an elite oligopoly, the masses were still afflicted when they sought wood fuel. But through the oligopoly, charcoal fuel proliferated throughout London's trades and industries. By the 1200s, brewers and bakers, tile makers, glassblowers, pottery producers, and a range of other craftsmen all became hour-to-hour consumers of charcoal. This only magnified the indispensable nature of the oligopolists.

雖然權力來源已經從國王的近乎壟斷轉變為精英寡占，但民眾在尋求木質燃料時仍然受到困擾。但由於寡占，木炭燃料在倫敦的整個貿易和工業中迅速普及。到了 13 世紀，釀酒師、麵包師、瓷磚製造商、玻璃吹製工、陶器生產商以及其他一系列工匠都成為了木炭的即時消費者。這只會放大寡頭的不可或缺性。

2006 September，Edwin Black，“Power Struggle”, in Internal Combustion: How Corporations and Governments Addicted the World to Oil and Derailed the Alternatives，New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN，頁 16:

By the late 1930s, however, the major film companies had consolidated their status as vertically-integrated oligopolies that dominated movie production, distribution and exhibition.

然而，到了 20 世紀 30 年代末，主要電影公司已經鞏固了其垂直整合寡占的地位，主宰了電影製作、發行和放映。

2016，Iwan Morgan，“Introduction: Hollywood and the Great Depression”, in Hollywood and the Great Depression: American Film, Politics and Society in the 1930s，Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN:

Not only does the tech oligopoly seamlessly record our preferences, habits, and choices, it also uses that data to guide our future choices, rendering us increasingly useful to the tech companies and useless to ourselves.

科技寡占不僅無縫記錄我們的偏好、習慣和選擇，還利用這些數據來引導我們未來的選擇，使我們對科技公司越來越有用，而對我們自己卻毫無用處。

2022年October28日，Malcolm Harris，“Are We Living Under ‘Technofeudalism’?”, in New York Magazine:


perineum

借自晚期拉丁語 perinaeum，源自古希臘語 περίναιον (perínaion，“肛門和陰囊之間的空間”)，源自古希臘語 περίνεος, περίνεοι (períneos, períneoi，“男性生殖器”)，源自早期古希臘語 περίς (perís，“陰莖”)，源自古希臘語 πηρίς (pērís，“陰囊”)。

He was attacked with complete retention of urine, after a debauch, and six weeks afterwards an abscess formed in the perineum, which eventually burst, leaving a fistulous opening, through which the urine continued to be discharged to the period of his admission into the Hospital.

在一次放蕩之後，他出現完全尿瀦留，六週後會陰部形成膿腫，膿腫最終破裂，留下一個瘻管口，尿液經由該口繼續排出，直到他入院期間。

1827，Guy's Hospital: Case of Fistula in Perineo, Successfully Treated: The Lancet，卷 12，頁 61:

The prostate is surrounded by venous plexi and the perineum has a rich blood supply.

前列腺周圍有靜脈叢，會陰部有豐富的血液供應。

2005，Brian J. Moran，“27: Using the perineal pressure applicator device”, in Basic and Advanced Techniques in Prostate Brachytherapy，頁 251:

The perineum is diamond shaped and stretches from the pubic symphysis to the coccyx.

會陰呈菱形，從恥骨部聯合延伸至尾骨。

2011，Ian Lyons，Biomedical Science: Lecture Notes，頁 371:


ode

來自中古法語 ode，來自晚期拉丁語 ōda，來自古希臘語 ᾠδή (ōidḗ，“歌”)。Aoede 的同源對似詞。

[標題]

write an ode to someone


oxytocin

源自 oxytocic，源自古希臘語 ὀξύς (oxús，“快速”) + τόκος (tókos，“分娩”，源自 τίκτω (tíktō，“分娩”，動詞))。

Some women describe episodes of intense pleasure akin to orgasm during nursing. It would be interesting to know whether the release of oxytocin during suckling plays a role in this subjective feeling, as it may do in actual orgasm.

有些女性描述自己在哺乳过程中体验过类似性高潮的强烈快感。探究哺乳过程中催产素的释放是否像在实际性高潮中一样，在这种主观感受中发挥作用，将会非常有趣。

1994，Simon LeVay，The Sexual Brain，MIT Press, →ISBN，頁 67:

MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, greatly increases feelings of empathy (and perhaps the actual capacity to perceive the emotions of others); one of the mechanisms (oxytocin release) is now becoming understood, […]

MDMA，俗称摇头丸，能极大地增强同情心（或许还能增强感知他人情绪的实际能力）；其中一种机制（催产素释放）现在正逐渐被人们所理解， […]

2011，Mark A.R. Kleiman et al.，Drugs and Drug Policy，Oxford University Press, →ISBN:

When human beings bond—by hugging, kissing, touching, having sex, eating together, giving massages, or even when singing together or speaking reassuring words—oxytocin brings us “in from the cold,” warming us—quite literally—as it redirects blood flow into hands, feet, chests and cheeks.

当人类通过拥抱、亲吻、抚摸、做爱、一起吃饭、按摩，甚至一起唱歌或说安慰的话来建立联系时，催产素会让我们“从寒冷中走出来”，让我们感到温暖——直接按字面意思理解就好——因为它会将血液流向手、脚、胸部和脸颊。

2012，Giles Slade，“World without oxytocin”, in Big Disconnect，Prometheus Books, →ISBN:


prong

來自中古英語 pronge，可能來自中古低地德語 prange (“棍子，約束裝置”)，來自prangen (“按，捏”)，來自古撒克遜語 *prangan，來自原始西日耳曼語 *prangan，來自原始日耳曼語 *pranganą (“壓”)，來自原始印歐語 *(s)preng- (“包裹，限制”)。
與立陶宛語 spriñgti (“窒息或阻塞”)、拉脫維亞語 sprañgât (“繩索，限制”)、古希臘語 σπαργανόω (sparganóō，“用襁褓包裹”)、σπάργανον (spárganon，“襁褓”)同族。參見prank、prance、prink。

One look at that lifeguard's prong gave me a throbber like a baseball bat — not quite that big, of course, but at least that hard!

我看了一眼那救生員的硬屌，看起來就像打棒球的棒子——不算很大，但至少很硬！

Hang on... That looks like... No, it can't be. Is that my wang!? Micky Paintbrush, have you painted my papal prong on that nudy man!?

2008, Andy Zaltzman on The Bugle podcast, episode 34, You Will Know Us By Our Knobbly Fruit.


outbuilding

Once they reach the remote farm, Jake insists on giving Lucy a tour of the outbuildings before they go into the house, a tour that includes some lambs that have frozen to death in a barn, and the spot where a pig was eaten alive by maggots.

2020年September1日，Nicholas Barber，“Five stars for I'm Thinking of Ending Things”, in BBC:


peritoneal

醫生講話語速快時，患者需要注意，勿聽錯 peritoneal (“腹膜的”)、peroneal (“腓骨的”) 以及 perineal (“會陰的”) 等發音類似的詞彙。

After opening the bladder (incision extending 1 inch pubically from peritoneal fold) the prostate was was injected deeply with 1 per cent. cocain while the pericapsular region was injected with the 1 : 400 novocain solution.

打开膀胱后（切口从腹膜皱襞向耻骨方向延伸1英寸），向前列腺深处注射1%可卡因，同时向囊周围区域注射1：400奴佛卡因溶液。

1914，Transactions of the Section on Genito-Urinary Diseases of the American Medical Association，頁 80:


peritonitis

peritonitides (plural)
peritonites (plural)

Intraperitoneal injections of a strong solution produce fibrohemorrhagic peritonitis of varying intensity, according to the strength of the solution; while intraperitoneal injections of small quantities of a diluted solution of formalin induce a chronic peritonitis with great connective tissue proliferation, and a striking eosinophilia.

腹膜内注射浓溶液，根据溶液的浓度，可引起不同程度的纤维出血性腹膜炎；而腹膜内注射少量稀释的福尔马林溶液，可引起慢性腹膜炎，并伴有大量结缔组织增生，以及明显的嗜酸性粒细胞增多。

1901 December，E. Q. THORNTON M.D.，“PRACTICAL THERAPEUTIC REFERENDUM”, in PROGRESSIVE MEDICINE. A QUARTERLY DIGEST OF ADVANCES DISCOVERIES AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SCIENCES.，卷 IV，頁 363:


odyssey

源自 Odyssey，源自古希臘語 Ὀδυσσεία (Odusseía，“奧德修斯的故事”)。

Many have been sharing cartoons praying for a successful conclusion to the Wild Boar team's odyssey, hoping that it will end in their safe rescue.

2018年July8日，Euan McKirdy, Hilary Whiteman，“Thai cave rescue: Divers enter cave to free boys”, in edition.cnn.com，CNN, retrieved 2018-07-08:


parlance

來自中古英語 *parlaunce，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 parlance、parlaunce，來自parler (“說話”) + -ance。

措辞，特别是谈到工作或兴趣时。

To my childish fancy, it had seemed an imaginary flag-staff, or, in rustic parlance, the "liberty pole" of some former generation […]

We approach the contest, still known in the common parlance of the country, as "the first Pennimite War."

1845，Charles Miner，History of Wyoming, Letter IX:

And without further parlance they fought, […]

1849，Lady Charlotte Guest，The Mabinogion, "Peredur the Son of Evrawc":

The tourist's impression of the country to-day is that of a transported Holland, in which the official language is Dutch and the parlance of the people is "taki-taki."

1909，William Elliot Griffis，The Story of New Netherland, Chapter 22:


outhouse

繼承自中古英語 outhous，等價於 out- + house。對照古諾爾斯語 úthús。

木头隔间的户外厕所（通常粪池上只有一个蹲位），一般为长期建筑

There was a considerable outhouse, which he unlocked and we entered.

1929，Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，The Disintegration Machine:

[…] plenty of sand and cement had been found in one of the outhouses

1945年August17日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，章號 6, in Animal Farm […]，London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:


outhouse

outhouses (third-person singular present)
outhousing (present participle)
outhoused (past participle)

In our discussion of outhousing we have tried to take into account the inconvenience to users as well as the potential savings in costs.

1969, Great Britain. National Libraries Committee, Frederick Sydney Dainton, Report of the National Libraries Committee (page 85)

The Information Department is outhoused but there are operational reasons for this and it would, in any case, be physically impossible to house the staff of the Department in the main building.

1975，Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons，Sessional Papers，卷 28，頁 38:


photocopier

Now the chintzy nameplate is all that distinguishes his work space from those of the photocopier repairperson, diet food company, and kitchen designer down the hall.

现在，这块印花布铭牌就是他的工作空间与走廊另一头的复印机维修工、减肥食品公司和厨房设计师的工作空间的唯一区别。

1998年December18日，Peter Margasak，“Punk Planet's New Atmosphere”, in Chicago Reader:


ptomaine

源自法語 ptomaïne，再源自意大利語 ptomaina，最終來自古希臘語 πτῶμα (ptôma，“屍體”)。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ptomaine.wav

On 6 February 2001 the Yaremche Environmental Health Inspectorate (санітарно-епідеміологічна станція) concluded that the cemetery should not have been constructed on the VL [Vorokhtya Lisokombinat] plot in view of its proximity to residential buildings and the risk of contamination of the surrounding environment by ptomaine.

2014年April9日，European Court of Human Rights，Dzemyuk v. Ukraine，期 42488/02, marginal 10:

"There have been cases of ptomaine poisoning from them, haven't there? Mr. Abbott put on a horrified expression.

1940，Agatha Christie，Sad Cypress: A Poirot Mystery，頁 92:

You remember Leonard Skinner. He got ptomaine poisoning last night after dinner.

1963 , Allan Sherman, ‘’Hello Muddah, Hello Fadduh (A Letter from Camp)

That is the place to find the kinds of shikses Who Will Do Anything! If only a person is willing to risk polio from the pool, gangrene from the footbath, ptomaine from the hot dogs, and elephantiasis from the soap and the towels, he might possibly get laid.

1969，Philip Roth，Portnoy’s Complaint，New York: Vintage, 出版於 1994，頁 165:

Sandwiches arrived from outside, strange granular bread, the butter on it liquid, some sort of beige meat paste that hinted at ptomaine.


quadrilingual

Part of the rationale for this quadrilingual language policy is the desire to preserve 'Asian values', viewed as inherent in Asian languages, in the face of 'Western values' associated with globalisation and the use of English.

這種四語語言政策的部分理由是，面對與全球化和英語使用相關的「西方價值觀」，希望保留被視為亞洲語言固有的「亞洲價值觀」。

2019，Li Huang，James Lambert，“Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI，頁 3:


politically

more politically (comparative)
most politically (superlative)

politically insensitive

a politically-charged speech

Although politically he claims to be a Democrat, his actions are more Republican.

尽管在政治上他自称是民主党人，但他的行动更像共和党人。

Nevertheless intellectually, ideologically and politically he identified with industrialists whom he, just like Smith, saw as the usherers of progress.

然而，从思想、意识形态和政治角度来说，他认同工业家，就像史密斯一样，他视工业家为进步的引领者。

2002，Yanis Varoufakis，Foundations of Economics: A Beginner's Companion，頁 25:


oof

擬聲詞。和荷蘭語 oef、德語 uff同源。動詞用法源自 roblox 虛擬人偶死掉後發出的聲音。

一種模仿失去空氣的聲音，彷彿某人的太陽穴剛剛被擊中。

Whap, Biff, Ooooof, Sock, Pow, Zok! Batman is back. Gotham City is again leaving its law and order in the hands of a man who wears plastic underpants over his tights.

Whap，Biff，Ooooof，Sock，Pow，Zok！《蝙蝠俠》回來了。 哥譚市再次將其法律和秩序交由一個在緊身衣外穿著塑料內褲的男子掌握。

1989年June5日，The Canberra Times，Australia Captial Territory，頁 10，列 2:


oof

因疼痛（如被打了一拳後吐氣）而發出的聲音。

The soldier on the ground clutched his head and then his stomach and gave an "oof" of pain.

地上的士兵捂著頭，然後捂著肚子，發出一聲痛苦的呻吟。

1966，James Workman，The Mad Emperor，Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts，頁 33:


panegyrical

more panegyrical (comparative)
most panegyrical (superlative)

The days of description (personal and panegyrical) are passing rapidly away.

1831，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XII, in Romance and Reality. […]，卷 II, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC，頁 167:

Birmingham, indeed, has recently been styled "the best governed city in the world"--a title that is, perhaps, a trifle too full and panegyrical to find ready and general acceptance.

1900，Thomas Anderton，A Tale of One City: The New Birmingham:


passage

passages (third-person singular present)
passaging (present participle)
passaged (past participle)

After a spring or two, the horse passaged and reared, and lighting on a flat slab of rock which cropped up in the middle of the road, slipped sideways and fell with a loud crash […]


protectionist

源自法語 protectionniste。By surface analysis, protection + -ist。

more protectionist (comparative)
most protectionist (superlative)

This is because most member countries still hold a very much protectionist stance when it comes to the service sector.

这是因为大多数成员国对服务业仍然持强烈的保护主义立场。

2008，International Transport Forum, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, SourceOECD (Online service)，17th International ITF/OECD Symposium on Transport Economics and Policy: benefiting from globalisation : transport sector contribution and policy challenges : introductory reports and summary of discussion : 25-27 October 2006, Berlin, →ISBN，頁 171:

The "national security" grounds were gauzy at best; the 232 tariffs were classically protectionist.

“国家安全”的理由充其量也只是模棱兩可的；232关税是典型的保护主义。

2020年June23日，John Bolton，The Room Where It Happened, →ISBN，頁 185:


purslane

來自古法語 porcelaine，可能變自拉丁語 porcilaca (“馬齒莧”)（與portulaca (“馬齒莧”)）有關，參見法語porcelaine (“瓷”)。

purslain (alternative)
purslanes (plural)

ASPARAGUS, cauliflowers, imperial Sileſia, royal and cabbage lettuces, burnet, purſlain, cucumbers, naſturtian flowers, peaſe and beans ſown in October, artichokes, ſcarlet ſtrawberries, and kidney beans.

1767，A Lady [Hannah Glasse]，The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Eaſy […] ，頁 326:

西伯利亚春美草，pink purslane (Claytonia sibirica)


oscillograph

With Dr. Ewing brainstorming and Dr. Worzel leading the designers, the team slapped together precursors of more precisely manufactured measuring devices: a camera to take photos thousands of feet below the ocean’s surface, with a coffee-can lid for a flash reflector and a thick, diner-style drinking glass as its casing; a seismograph timed by a modified railroad pocket watch; an oscillograph, to record electrical changes, run by a motor from a toy electric train.

2009年January26日，Dennis Hevesi，“J. Lamar Worzel, Expert on Ocean’s Depths, Dies at 89”, in New York Times:


rubbing

繼承自中古英語 rubbinge、rubbynge，等價於 rub + -ing。

He was delighted to come across a little-worn crest of the old Great Eastern Railway, never dreaming that such a relic would still be in use, and was taking a pencil-rubbing to add to his collection.

1951 April，R. S. McNaught，“Railway Enthusiasts”, in Railway Magazine，期 600，頁 271:


pussy

女性的陰部。（17世紀－）

You have a lovely pussy!

There's a lot of disagreement about where that word came from. Pussy is actually a diminutive of pusillanimous, meaning cowardly. Although maybe the origin doesn't matter, since everyone equates it with the female anatomy anyway?

關於這個詞的來源，有很多分歧。pussy 實際上是「pusillanimous」的縮略語，意思是「懦弱」。儘管也許起源並不重要，因為無論如何每個人都把它與女性的解剖結構等同起來？

[2016，Alexandra Sirowy，The Telling (young adult fiction), Simon & Schuster，頁 6:

和女性性交 （20世紀－）

I’m gonna get me some pussy tonight.

我今晚要去找些小妞來肏。

The teachers are not there to help you. Most oft them are still freelancers and the last thing they want is more competition. They are there because they need a steady paycheck and they hope to score some pussy!

老師們不是來幫助你的。他們中的大多數人仍然是自由職業者，他們最不想看到的是更多的競爭。他們在那裡是因為他們需要一份穩定的薪水，而且能搞到一些馬子！

1991，Daniel Clowes，Art School Confidential:

懦夫，膽小鬼。（20世紀－）

You're such a pussy!

You ought to hear some of the docs that are the sweetest old pussies with their patients—the way they bawl out the nurses. But labs—they seem sort of real. I don't suppose you can bluff a bacteria—what is it?—bacterium?

你應該聽聽那些對病人最可愛的老娘們儿的說法--他們對護士吆喝的方式。但是，實驗室--它們似乎有點真實。我不認為你能唬住一個細菌─它是什麼？─細菌？

1925，Sinclair Lewis，Martin Arrowsmith (fiction), Harcourt Brace & Company:

I couldn't carry the burden of shame engendered by the bully-boy advertising of "max-strength" cold and flu remedies, the obvious subtext of which is "Get to work, you pussy."

我無法承擔「最大強度」的感冒和流感藥的霸道廣告所帶來的恥辱負擔，其明顯的潛台詞是「去工作吧，你這個娘們」。

2007年November26日，Matt Keating，“Do everyone a favour and don't bring your cold to work”, in The Guardian，存檔自the original on 2014-10-06:

Shepard: You're in a bad situation, and I'm going to get you out of here.
Jack: Shit, you sound like a pussy.

謝潑德：你的處境很糟糕，我會帶你離開這裡。
傑克：操，你聽起來像個娘們。

2010，BioWare，Mass Effect 2，Redwood City: Electronic Arts, 經由 PC, →OCLC，幕：Prison Ship Purgatory:


photovoltaic

But the truly impressive part of this entry is the photovoltaic film that has been applied to the platform and entrance roofs (all 272 square metres of it). It is a UK first for the railway, and is expected to generate 36kW of electricity to meet the needs of the station itself and to feed the surplus back to the grid.

2021年September22日，“National Rail Awards 2021: Denmark Hill Station Enhancement Project”, in RAIL，期 940，頁 39:


reckoning

reckon的動名詞，來自reckon + -ing。對照荷蘭語 rekening、德語 Rechnung。

By that reckoning, it would take six weeks to go five miles.

按此推算，走五哩路要花上六個星期。

So saying, he called for a reckoning for the wine, and throwing down the price of the additional bottle which he had himself introduced, rose as if to take leave of us.

The research presented in this paper is the most comprehensive and up-to-date reckoning of an expanding set of portmanteau terms based on the word English.

2018，James Lambert，“A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide，頁 18:


overdose

overdoses (third-person singular present)
overdosing (present participle)
overdosed (past participle)

/ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈdəʊs/

They still had Sergio Agüero to bring off the bench and the Etihad was overdosing on optimism. For the game to finish with an aggregate 5-1 score distorts the fact the occasion was full of drama and suspense until Salah’s goal conclusively changed the complexion of the evening.

2018年April10日，Daniel Taylor，“Liverpool go through after Mohamed Salah stops Manchester City fightback”, in The Guardian (London):


register

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tə/

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tɚ/

When the microprocessor decodes the JSR opcode, it stores the operand into the TEMP register and pushes the current contents of the PC ($00 0128) onto the stack.

當微處理器解碼 JSR 操作碼時，會將操作碼儲存到 TEMP 暫存器，並將 PC 的目前內容 ($00 0128) 推入堆疊。

1992，Michael A. Miller，The 68000 Microprocessor Family: Architecture, Programming, and Applications，頁 47:

If you can trace back through the disassembly to where the variable is first loaded into a register, you can often discover its value or its address by inspecting that register.

2014，Jason Gregory，Game Engine Architecture, Second Edition，頁 90:

同類詞：lect

We rewrote certain communications templates to use a more formal register.

It seems equally clear that the ‘Complement + Prepositionʼ order illustrated in (172) (a) is likewise highly marked, and hence subject to heavy restrictions on its use. And sure enough, this does indeed seem to be the case: for one thing, forms such as thereafter, herein, whereby are stylistically highly marked (e.g. they are only used in particular registers such as legal language).

1988，Andrew Radford，章號 5, in Transformational grammar: a first course，Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press，頁 275:

While e-memos are less formal than the memos discussed [above], they still need to be professional in appearance and in register, that is, in the level of formality.

2021，Laurel Currie Oates, Anne Enquist, Jeremy Francis，章號 19, in The Legal Writing Handbook: Analysis, Research, and Writing (8th Edition)，Wolters Kluwer，頁 278:


register

registers (third-person singular present)
registering (present participle)
registered (past participle)

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tə/

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tɚ/

Tottenham, who lost William Gallas to injury before the end, struggled to find any sort of response and did not register a single shot on target.

2011年November3日，Chris Bevan，“Rubin Kazan 1 - 0 Tottenham”, in BBC Sport [BBC體育]:

In every way dinner proved up beyond my expectations, and I registered a note that the cook, whoever or whatever he might be, was a capable man at his trade.

晚餐的各個方面都超出了我的預期，我記下了廚師的名字，不論他是誰，都是一個能幹的人。

1914，Jack London，章號 VII, in The Mutiny of the Elsinore:


baleen

來自中古英語 baleyne，來自古法語 baleine (“鯨、鯨鬚”)，來自拉丁語 balaena (“鯨”)，來自古希臘語 φάλαινα (phálaina，“鯨”)。

“You have probably never seen anything like this before, Mr. Toler. It is baleen, or if you prefer it, whalebone, taken from the mouth of the bowhead whale. It is used by the whale to filter its food.”

1954，Alexander Alderson，章號 5, in The Subtle Minotaur:

Scammon estimates the number of baleens killed in the years 1835-72 at 131,000; once again, his figure needs to be adjusted.

2007，Lance E. Davis，In Pursuit of Leviathan: Technology, Institutions, Productivity, and Profits:

The Balene is a fishe great and huge, much like to the Whale, and is so called, because of his outcasting and shedding of water, for they throwe water higher then other great fishes of the sea.


Rhadamanthus

源自拉丁語，源自古希臘語 Ῥαδάμανθυς (Rhadámanthus)。

/ˌɹæ.dəˈmæn.θəs/

It was in vain to be a Rhadamanthus with the bells, and if an unfortunate bell rang without leave, to have it down inexorably and silence it.


Rufus

源自拉丁語 rūfus (“紅色的”)。

新約中提到的兩個人（馬可福音 15:21、羅馬書 16:13）

Salute Rufus chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine.

又問在主蒙揀選的魯孚和他母親安；他的母親就是我的母親。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC:


polystyrene

It was 30 times lighter and more flexible than the polystyrene that had previously been used.

它比以前使用的聚苯乙烯轻30倍，而且更灵活。

1996年April2日，Julia Campbell，“Ray McIntire, 77, Dow Engineer And the Inventor Of Styrofoam”, in The New York Times:


resentment

“I Love Lisa” opens with one of my favorite underappreciated running jokes from The Simpsons: the passive-aggressive, quietly contentious relationship of radio jocks Bill and Marty, whose mindless happy talk regularly gives way to charged exchanges that betray the simmering resentment and disappointment perpetually lingering just under the surface of their relationship.

2102年August5日，Nathan Rabin，“TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, in AV Club:

It is a greater wonder that so many of them die, with so little resentment of their danger.

The Council taking notice of the many good services performed by Mr. John Milton […] have thought fit to declare their resentment and good acceptance of the same.


rhetoric

繼承自中古英語 rethorik、rhetoric，來自古法語 rhetorique，來自拉丁語 rhētorica，來自古希臘語 ῥητορική (rhētorikḗ)，ῥητορικὴ τέχνη (rhētorikḕ tékhnē)的省略，來自ῥητορικός (rhētorikós，“關於公共演說”)，來自ῥήτωρ (rhḗtōr，“公共演說家”)。

Transport Minister Marples, meanwhile, used arrogant rhetoric and showed his personal contempt for railways when confirming in Parliament that a third of the network was to be closed even before the survey results were known.

2023年March8日，Howard Johnston，“Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL，期 978，頁 53:


rummy

rummier (comparative)
rummiest (superlative)

“You say rummy things and you do rummy things. What I mean to say is, you're impulsive.”

1920，P. G. Wodehouse，Jill the Reckless，頁 28:


rummy

No one has forgotten Frank Dodd, the crossing guard who went crazy here twelve years ago and killed those women, and they haven't forgotten the dog, either, the one that came down with rabies and killed Joe Camber and the old rummy down the road from him.


pomegranate

石榴（意思1）
石榴樹（意思2）
名詞衍生自中古英語 pome-garnet、pome-garnete、pome garnate、pome granat、pome-granate (“石榴果；石榴樹；石榴種子(?)”) [以及其他形式]，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 pome gernate、pomme gernette、中古法語 pomme granade、pomme granate、pomme grenade、和古法語 pome grenade、pome grenate、pomme grenate [以及其他形式] (現代法語 grenade)，可能來自意大利語 pomogranato、pomo granato (雖然是後來才被證實)，和其他可能的說法：
* 來自意大利語 pomo (“果實、梨果；蘋果”) + 拉丁語 (mālum) grānātum、(mālo)grānātum (“石榴”)；或
* 直接來自中世紀拉丁語 pōmum garnātum、pōmum grānātum (“石榴”)，來自拉丁語 pōmum (“果實；果樹”) + grānātum (“石榴”)。Pōmum的源頭可能衍生自原始印歐語 *h₂po-h₁ém-os (“脫下”) (摘除植物的意思上)，來自*h₂epó (“離開；關閉”) + *h₁em- (“分發；拿”)；然而grānātum是衍生自grānātus (“有一些穀物或種子”)，來自grānum (“穀物、種子、小果仁”) (可能源頭來自原始印歐語 *ǵerh₂- (“成熟，老成”) + *-nós (動詞性形容詞後綴)) + -ātus (表示從名詞擁有某種質量或事物的形容詞後綴)。
形容詞衍生自名詞。

/ˈpɒmɪ(ˌ)ɡɹænɪt/

/ˈpɑmɪˌɡɹænɪt/

/ˈpɑməˌɡɹænət/

/ˈpɑmˌɡɹænət/

Here the blue fig with luſcious juice o'erflows, / With deeper red the full pomegranate glows, / The branch here bends beneath the weighty pear, / And verdant olives flouriſh round the year.

1725，Homer, [Alexander Pope], transl.，“Book VII”, in The Odyssey of Homer. […]，卷 II, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC，頁 106，行s 148–151:

The seeds of the pomegranate, for example, were widely used to prevent conception in the ancient world and they are still used in India, East Africa, and the Pacific.

2001, Vern L. Bullough (editor), Herbal Contraceptives and Abortifacients, Encyclopedia of Birth Control, page 125

Persephone is taken to the underworld by Hades to be his queen. She willingly eats a seed of pomegranate and is forced to spend every winter with her husband in the land of the dead, symbolizing the yearly decay and revival of vegetation. […] In Judaism, the number of seeds in a pomegranate is said to be the exact number of mitzvah, or spiritual duties required of a devout Jew.

2005, Payam Nabarz, The Mysteries of Mithras: The Pagan Belief That Shaped the Christian World, page 79,

The pomegranate is a subtropical fruit about the size of a large apple.

2006, Wayne Gisslen, Professional Cooking, College Version, page 683,

The grilled leeks are then drizzled with a gorgeous, ruby-red pomegranate vinaigrette.

2011, David Joachim, Fire It Up: 40 Recipes for Grilling Everything, page 310,


prisoner

繼承自中古英語 prisoner，來自古法語 prisonier (對照中世紀拉丁語 prisōnārius)，等同於prison + -er。

任何違反其意願而被囚禁的人

Captain Edward Carlisle, soldier as he was, martinet as he was, felt a curious sensation of helplessness seize upon him as he met her steady gaze, her alluring smile ; he could not tell what this prisoner might do.

1910，Emerson Hough，章號 I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise，Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:


rooftop

there may be snow on the rooftop but there is fire in the furnace

Why do you think the rooftop of their apartment building is called "tar beach"? (Answers may vary.)

1993，Liz Rothlein，Multicultural Books for Primary Grades:

Riding the District west of Hammersmith, you immediately know something exciting is coming up, because at Ravenscourt Park you are level with the rooftops.

2012，Andrew Martin，Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube，Profile Books, ISBN 978-1846684777，頁s 79–80:

The house itself was a mound of red baked bricks and a tin rooftop.

2012，Ernest Alanki，The Chocolate Shop Perverts:


ponytail

The physician should evaluate for a history of tight ponytails, buns, chignons, braids, twists, weaves, cornrows, dreadlocks, sisterlocks, and hair wefts in addition to the usage of religious hair coverings.

醫生應評估患者是否有綁緊馬尾、髮髻、髮髻、辮子、扭紋、編織、玉米辮、髒辮、姊妹鎖和髮束的歷史，以及是否使用過宗教頭飾。

2021，Becky S. Li, Howard I. Maibach，Ethnic Skin and Hair and Other Cultural Considerations，頁 154:


ponytail

ponytails (third-person singular present)
ponytailing (present participle)
ponytailed (past participle)

“Don't mention it,” she said, ponytailing her hair and then sockbunning it with amazing speed.

「別客氣，」她說道，一邊把頭髮紮成馬尾辮，一邊以驚人的速度把頭髮紮成髮髻。


pope

源自中古英語 pope，popa，源自古英語 pāpa，源自通俗拉丁語 papa (牧師和主教的頭銜，到 8 世紀只有羅馬主教)，源自早期中古希臘語 παπᾶς (papâs，牧師和主教的頭銜，尤其是公元 3 世紀的亞歷山大主教)，源自後期 古希臘語 πάπας (pápas，牧師和主教的稱號，意為精神之父)，源自πάππας (páppas，“爸爸”)。

cleric

羅馬天主教羅馬主教的榮譽稱號，他是教會的神父和領袖，也是梵蒂岡城國的君主。

do not sit in Rome and strive with the Pope

在英語用法中，這個術語最初通常是指羅馬主教，儘管這個埃及頭銜實際上更為古老。在科普特教會內，亞歷山大牧首通常被稱為教皇~;在東正教內部，其獨特的亞歷山大牧首正式被稱為“亞歷山大教皇”，但通常僅在禮拜儀式和官方文件中才這樣稱呼。

羅馬天主教羅馬主教的榮譽稱號，他是教會的神父和領袖，也是梵蒂岡城國的君主。 任何類似“絕對正確”的權威。

Þa wæs in þa tid Uitalius papa þæs apostolican seðles aldorbiscop.

ante''' 950, translating Bede's Ecclesiastical History (Tanner), iv. i. 252

The Pope is not going to issue a bull condemning the Spanish Church's support of France and destroy the Church's right to exist in Spain.

1959 August 19, Flannery O'Connor, letter in Habit of Being (1980), 347

I really did want to interview the pope. Any pope. I'm not particular.

2007 May 5, Ted Koppel (guest), Wait, Wait... Don’t tell me!, National Public Radio

We often say, that every man has a pope in his belly.

我們常說，每個人的肚子裡都住著一位教宗。

1689，G. Bulkeley，“People's Right to Election”, in Andros Tracts，出版於 1869, II. 106:

Burne-Jones... accepted him [Dante Gabriel Rossetti] as the infallible Pope of Art.

Both [discoveries] were rejected offhand by the popes of the field.

Above all, the SED reformers cite the progress inherent in the emancipation of Westem Communist parties from the "red popes in the Kremlin."

最重要的是，德國統一社會黨的改革者指出，西方共產黨從克里姆林宮的"紅色教皇"手中解放出來，取得了內在的進步。

1978，Atlas World Press Review，卷 25，頁 19:

羅馬天主教羅馬主教的榮譽稱號，他是教會的神父和領袖，也是梵蒂岡城國的君主。 任何類似的宗教領袖。

In þat yle dwelleth the Pope of hire lawe, þat þei clepen lobassy.

大約1400, John Mandeville, Travels (Titus C.xvi, 1919), 205

Mufti, the Mahometan pope or chief of the religion.

穆夫提，伊斯蘭教的教宗或宗教領袖。

1787，Vincent Mignot，譯者 A. Hawkins, The history of the Turkish, or Ottoman Empire, section IV:

Although Islam has no formal hierarchy of clergy, Tantawy [Egypt's grand imam] often is called the Muslim pope.

羅馬天主教羅馬主教的榮譽稱號，他是教會的神父和領袖，也是梵蒂岡城國的君主。 英國傳統上在蓋伊福克斯日及其他時間焚燒教皇的肖像。

This is the only piece in which the author has given a hint of his religion, by ridiculing the ceremony of burning the pope, and by mentioning with some indignation the inscription […]

這是作者唯一暗示其宗教信仰的作品，他嘲笑焚燒教皇的儀式，並憤慨地提到了銘文[…]

1830，Alexander Pope，The Poetical Works of Alexander Pope，頁 xxi:

As York's succession was challenged by burning the pope, the Duke of Monmouth was again heralded in the city as a Protestant alternative.

由於約克的繼承權因焚燒教皇而受到挑戰，蒙茅斯公爵再次在該城被譽為新教徒的替代者。

2005，Gary S. De Krey，London and the Restoration, 1659–1683, →ISBN，頁 182:

早期基督教會的任何主教。

All notable Bishops were then called popes.

All Bishops in that time had the Stile of Pope given them, as now we call every one of them, My Lord.

當時所有的主教都被授予教宗的稱號，現在我們稱呼他們每一位「大人」。

1703，U. Chevreau，Hist. World, III. v. 379:

梅花鱸，一種小型歐亞淡水魚（Gymnocephalus cernua）；同屬的其他物種。

Byfleet-river, wherein are very large pikes, jack, and tench ; perch, of eighteen inches long ; good carp, large flounders, bream, roach, dace, gudgeons, popes, large chub, and eels.

弗利特河畔，有非常大的梭子魚、傑克魚和丁鯛；鱸魚，長十八吋；優質鯉魚、大比目魚、鯿魚、擬鯉、雅羅魚、鮈魚、梅花鱸、大鰱魚和鰻魚。

1792，William Augustus Osbaldiston，The British Sportsman, Or, Nobleman, Gentleman and Farmer's Dictionary of Recreation and Amusement，頁 176:

It resembles the perch (unfortunately for itself) in having a very long and prickly fin on its back, advantage of which is taken by the boys about Windsor, who are very fond of 'plugging a pope.' This operation consists in fixing a bung in the sharp spines on the poor pope's back fin, and then throwing him into the water.

它與鱸魚很相似（對它自己是不幸的），背上有一個很長且多刺的鰭，溫莎周圍的男孩們就利用了這一點，他們非常喜歡“堵住梅花鱸”。這行動包括將塞子塞進可憐的梅花鱸背鰭上的尖刺中，然後將他扔進水中。

1862，Francis T. Buckland，Curiosities of Natural History，頁 230:

Popes are caught whilst gudgeon-fishing with the red worm, but they are sometimes a great nuisance to the perch-fisher, as they take the minnow.

在用紅蟲釣魚時可以捕獲梅花鱸，但它們有時會給鱸魚捕撈者帶來很大的麻煩，因為它們會吃掉小魚。

1865年January14日，Astley H. Baldwin，“Small Fry”, in Once a Week，頁 105:

Alca genus; 6 species, including the razorbill, the penguin, the pope, and others.

Alca 屬；6 個物種，包括刀嘴海雀、企鵝、大西洋海鸚和其他物種。

1759，“Linnæus's Systema Naturæ”, in The Gentleman's Magazine，頁 456:

The Pope: This is a very singular bird; it is about the size of our widgeon, or somewhat larger, but is not quite so large as the duck: the head is large and rounded; the eyes are small, and stand forward on the head, and lower down than in the generality of birds [...]

1773，John Hill，“Alca”, in A General Natural History，卷 3，頁 442:

"About a hundred yards further North" says Troutbeck, "is a 'subterraneous' cavern called the Pope's Hole, about fifty fathoms under the ground, into which the sea flows, so called from a sort of bird which roosts in it by night, about ninety feet high above the level of the water."!! [...] It derives its name from its being a place of shelter to some puffins, vulgo "popes".

1822，George Woodley，A view of the present state of the Scilly Islands，頁s 264–5:

The Norsemen catch great numbers of these popes, parrots, or lunder, as they are variously named, and train dogs to go into the holes where the puffin has its nest, lying in it with feet in the air.

1864，Charles Issac Elton，Norway: The Road and the Fell，頁 94:

I was informed by a fisherman that there were now hundreds of gannets in the channel off Plymouth, and that he had also met with some puffins (which he called "popes")

1874，J. Van Voorst，Zoologist: A Monthly Journal of Natural History，頁 3904:

The Pope is of a bright blue round the head; on the throat it is of a fine red, and on the back of a gold green colour, it sings very finely and is the size of a canary bird.

1771，M. Bossu，Travels Through that Part of North America Formerly Called Louisiana，卷 1，頁 371:

The birds [of Louisiana] are the partridge, cardinal and pope, and a species of mocking bird, called the nightingale.

1806，Berquin-Duvallon，Travels in Louisiana and the Floridas, in the Year, 1802: Giving a Correct Picture of Those Countries，頁 122:

[...] some others, such as the crow, the heron, and the wild goose, which are found in Europe, I also observed ; but the most beautiful are the pope bird, whose head seems bound with the most bright azure blue, and the cardinal, being entirely of dazzling scarlet [...]

1821，Édouard de Montulé，A Voyage to North America, and the West Indies in 1817，頁 54:

From the sketch of the bird which you have sent us, there is no doubt about its being the Pope Grosbeak, which is a species of the Cardinal, but not the crested one.

1864年August6日，The Journal of Horticulture, Cottage Gardener, and Country Gentleman，頁 100:

The Pope is a native of Brazil, and the female (it is altogether incongrouous to think of a lady pontiff) exactly resembles her mate.

1883，William Thomas Greene，The amateur's aviary of foreign birds: or, How to keep and breed foreign birds，頁 96:

SIR,—I should be glad to learn how to treat Pope birds (Crestless Cardinals) when nesting.

1895，A. A. Thom，“Dominican cardinals”, in The Avicultural Magazine，頁 128:

Besides the Bicheno's Finches in this Class, the judge disqualified, in other Classes, a pair of Magpie Mannikins and a pair of Popes. These entries were presumably all disqualified on the ground that they were not true pairs: they are all birds in which the outward differences between the sexes (if there be any outward difference at all) are of an extremely slight and uncertain nature.

The wisest plan is always to keep the Pope Cardinal in an aviary, and to have only one pair to each aviary.

1956，Foreign birds for cage and aviary，卷 4，頁 20:


pope

Pope (alternative)
popes (third-person singular present)
poping (present participle)
poped (past participle)

Paul popith Jolyly, that woll desire the worlde to pray for the kinges apeyrement.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1537, T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman, Life & Lett. Cromwell (1902), II. 89

Vrban the eight, that now Popeth it.

1624，R. Montagu，Gagg for New Gospell?, xiii. 95:

He would pope it in his own way, God guiding him.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

I saw where the Pope poped and where the pigeons flocked. Pretty interesting if you're Catholic and like pigeons.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1989 September 24, Los Angeles Times, iii. 22/1


pope

與 bishop (“熱紅酒和香料酒”)類似。

任何被認為與主教酒相似且更勝一籌的熱紅酒（傳統上包括託卡伊酒）。

When made with Burgundy or Bordeaux, the mixture was called Bishop; when with old Rhenish, its name was Cardinal; and when with Tokay, it was dignified with the title of Pope.

1855，C. W. Johnson，Farmer's & Planter's Encycl. Rural Affairs，出版於 1157, section 1:

‘Pope’, i.e. mulled burgundy, is Antichristian, from no mere Protestant point of view.

1920，G. Saintsbury，Notes on Cellar-bk., xi. 162:

Pope, a spiced drink made from tokay..., ginger, honey and roasted orange.

1965，O. A. Mendelsohn，Dict. Drink, section 264:

Many of these hot drinks have clerical names—Bishop being a type of mulled port, Cardinal using claret, and Pope Champagne.


pope

源自俄語 поп (pop)，源自古教會斯拉夫語 попъ (popŭ)，源自 中古希臘語 παπᾶς (papâs) 如上所述。

pop的另一種寫法，一名俄羅斯東正教牧師。

The other Ecclesiastical Orders are distinguish'd into Proto-popes, Popes, (or Priests) and Deacons.

1662，A. Olearius，譯者 J. Davies, Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors, section 139:

Every priest is called pope, which implies father.

1756，Compend. Authentic & Entertaining Voy., V. 202:

In the non-Roman rites diocesan priests are often referred to as popes.

1996 September 20, Daily Telegraph, 25/5


pope

The Whipperwill has so named itself by its nocturnal songs. It is also called the pope, by reason of its darting with great swiftness, from the clouds almost to the ground, and bawling out Pope!

1781，S. Peters，Gen. Hist. Connecticut, section 257:

Common Nighthawk... Pope (Conn[ecticut]. From the sound made by its wings while dropping through the air).

1956，Massachusetts Audubon Soc. Bull., 40 81:


populous

在英語最早出現於15世紀中葉；源自拉丁語 populosus (“人口密集的，人口众多的”)。

more populous (comparative)
most populous (superlative)

Chinese is the most populous language.

The Sino-Tibetan family includes Mandarin, the most populous language in the world, spoken by more than one billion Chinese.

汉藏语系包括普通话，这是世界上使用人数最多的语言，有超过十亿中国人使用普通话。

1974，Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, Nina M. Hyams，An Introduction to Language, →ISBN，頁 524:


begrudge

繼承自中古英語 bigrucchen (“對...發牢騷”)，等同於be- (“在，對，向”) + grudge。對照英語 begrouch。

begrudges (third-person singular present)
begrudging (present participle)
begrudged (past participle)

Okay, then, next time you go and leave me stay here. See if I begrudge you a little fun.

1958 May，Avram Davidson，“Or All The Seas With Oysters”, in Galaxy Science Fiction，卷 16, 號 1，頁 50:

A defeat would have been harsh on the Gunners, especially after an improved rearguard action in the second half, but few could begrudge the German side a point from a match they dominated for long spells.

2011年September13日，Sam Lyon，“Borussia Dortmund 1 - 1 Arsenal”, in BBC:


parakeet

來自中古法語 perroquet，可能是人名Pierre的指小詞；一些異體形或許經由意大利語 parrocchetto、西班牙語 periquito。

paroquet (alternative)
parrakeet (alternative)
parroket (alternative)
parroquet (alternative)
perokito (alternative)
parakeets (plural)

作為寵物養的在大英國協會員中則稱為“budgie”或“budgerigar”。

we had loved them for our pastimes, as we do apes, monkies, or perokitoes, and not as man.

1603，Michel de Montaigne，章號 8, in John Florio（譯者）, The Essayes […]，book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

According to one legend, the parakeets escaped from the set of The African Queen, John Huston's 1951 film made at Shepperton studios.

2009, Patrick Barkham, The Guardian, 12 Oct 2009:


bibliomania

To collect books indiscriminately tends to develop the dread bibliomania.

1922，P. B. M. Allan，The Book-Hunter at Home，第2nd版, London: Philip Allan & Co.，頁 58:


restaurant

借自法語 restaurant，為restaurer的現在分詞，對應拉丁語 restaurans, restaurantis，restauro (“恢復”)的現在分詞，源自第一家餐廳提供的“使精力恢復”湯的名稱。

That Italian restaurant serves some of the best food I've ever had in my life.

那家意大利餐廳做的菜是我這輩子吃到過最好的。

By one o'clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country.

1935，George Goodchild，章號 5, in Death on the Centre Court:


pickled

more pickled (comparative)
most pickled (superlative)

But Richmond[…]appeared to lose himself in his own reflections. Some pickled crab, which he had not touched, had been removed with a damson pie; and his sister saw[…]that he had eaten no more than a spoonful of that either.

1959，Georgette Heyer，章號 1, in The Unknown Ajax:


pheasant

繼承自中古英語 fesaunt、fesant，來自古法語 fesan，來自拉丁語 phāsiānus，來自古希臘語 φᾱσιανός (phāsianós)，意思是 「Φᾶσις (Phâsis) 河的[鳥]」，據推測，鳥從那裡向西傳播。取代本土的古英語 wōrhana，mōrhana的變體。參見moorhen。

The ſpring diſplaying her elegant taſte, the proud walk of the gold-feathered pheaſant, the light tread of the ſmall-hoofed hind, and the dancing of the ſtar-trained peacock, infuſed joy into the ſoul of the ſpectator of the aſtoniſhing works of the Creator.

1769，Firishta，譯者 Alexander Dow, Tales translated from the Persian of Inatulla of Delhi，卷 I, Dublin: P. and W. Wilson et al.，頁 v:

Or sometimes, passing too near a sequestered copse, the shy tenants were startled, and the superb plumage of the pheasant dashed aside the branches, and the stately bird soared up on rattling wing.

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XI, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 80:

Tables were laid with cold pheasant, watercressy finger foods, sweets sufficient to give the Greater Raleigh Area sugar shock.

1989，Allan Gurganus，“Black, White, and Lilac”, in Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All，New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN, book two (Time Does That)，頁 231:

Célestin Lainé sat on the edge of the bed, a tray on his lap, eating pheasant and roast vegetables with a red wine reduction.

塞莱斯汀·莱内坐在床边，腿上放着一个托盘，吃着雉鸡肉和烤蔬菜，还喝了红酒。

2013，Stuart Neville，章號 30, in Ratlines，New York, N.Y.: Soho Crime, →ISBN，頁 158:

Bring a dish of berries with cream to me there. Bread, too. And a slice of pheasant.

给我拿一盘奶油浆果。还有面包。还有一片雉鸡肉。

2015，Shauna Roberts，章號 41, in Ice Magic, Fire Magic，Overland Park, Kan.: Hadley Rille Books, →ISBN，頁 266:


blasphemy

繼承自中古英語 blasfemye，來自古法語 blasfemie，來自教會拉丁語 blasphēmia，來自古希臘語 βλασφημία (blasphēmía，“褻瀆”)，來自βλασφημέω (blasphēméō，“誹謗”)。

That imam said that drawing the prophet Muhammad is a form of blasphemy.

那名伊瑪目稱，描繪穆罕穆德的樣子是一種褻瀆。

Had God cancelled His everlasting Covenant with Israel? The mere thought was blasphemy! But what did God's silence and the present dark cloud mean?

1920，John Rougier Cohu，The Bible and Modern Thought，頁 325:

Look, I don't think it ought to be blasphemy, just saying "Jehovah".

你看，他只是說了“耶和華”而已，我不覺得他是要褻瀆。

1979，Monty Python's Life of Brian，spoken by Matthias (John Young):

Shepard: What happened to those other Alliance officers? The ones who came before me?
Major Kyle: They wanted to take me away from here! They wanted me to abandon this place. Turn my back on my family. They spoke blasphemy!
Major Kyle: I did what I could to make their end quick and painless. I had no other choice. It was necessary to protect my children. Only I can keep them safe.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：Presrop:

The fundamentalists in that religion hold that such views are blasphemy and that religion is above criticism.

2009，Francis，Business Ethics，Tata McGraw-Hill Education, →ISBN，頁 139:

對不可侵犯事物的不敬行為

Some historical information is given on the Panormo family of guitar makers and a whole chapter is called, "Maccaferri's 'Monstrosity'," the name given Julian's Maccaferri guitar due to the blasphemy of its having more than six strings, […]

1999，American Lutherie: The Quarterly Journal of the Guild of American Luthiers:

The market has responded well to this type of packaging [wine in cardboard containers], even if some consider it near blasphemy, and it has had a role in bringing wine to the younger generation and to social classes intimidated by the high price of many bottled products.

2004，Touring Club of Italy，The Italian Wine Guide: The Definitive Guide to Touring, Sourcing and Tasting，Touring Editore, →ISBN，頁 149:

I know this is utter blasphemy and completely incomprehensible to developers and power users who love their keyboard shortcuts, but some people just love having buttons on their screens with the exact name of their function written on them.

2015，Benjamin V. Root，Interactive Applications Using Matplotlib，Packt Publishing Ltd, →ISBN，頁 89:


bason

To proceed therefore, put a looking-glass into a bason of water; I suppose you shall not see the image in a right line, or at equal angles, but aside.

1631，Francis [Bacon]，“(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […]，第3rd版, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

Not a moment could be lost: the very sheets were kindling. I rushed to his bason and ewer; fortunately, one was wide and the other deep, and both were filled with water.

1847, Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, 1st edition, chapter XV, page 297

[...] on July 16, 1790, a public meeting [...] unanimously approved of a scheme for making the River Soar navigable from Leicester to Loughborough, and "a cut or rail-way from Swannington and the neighbourhood to the bason at Loughborough."

1939 July，Charles E. Lee，“Swannington: One-Time Railway Centre”, in Railway Magazine，頁 3:


redneck

由 red + neck 組成。對照rooinek。原先指的是脖子發紅的農民，他們因為長時間在田裡勞作，脖子被曬傷而發紅。

尤指美國南部及中西部、東北部部分地區

Sample a look back you look and find / Nothing but rednecks for 400 years if you check

1989，“Fight the Power”, in Fear of a Black Planet，演出者 Public Enemy:


bureaucracy

bureau + -cracy，來自法語 bureaucratie，由雅克·克勞德·瑪麗·文森特·德古納所創的新詞，來自bureau (“官方”) + -cratie (“規則”)。

bureaucratie (alternative)
bureau-ocracy (alternative)
burocracy (alternative)
bureaucracies (plural)

/bjʊəˈɹɒkɹəsi/

/bjʊˈɹɑːkɹəsi/

However, when Britain left the European Union, ferries started to ply a direct sea link from Ireland, to save hauliers from custom's bureaucracy of driving via Britain.

2021年December29日，Philip Haigh，“Rail's role in unifying Great Britain and Northern Ireland”, in RAIL，期 947，頁 25:

The head of the civil service promised to clamp down on bureaucracy.

公务员系统的负责人承诺要打击官僚主义。

"If we can capture anything from this awful situation, it is that ability to trust people to do certain things for themselves and to look out for each other, and to give them the tools to do their job as well as they can without having to go through endless bureaucracy to achieve it, which very often just delays and dilutes and doesn't add much value.

2020年May20日，Andrew Haines talks to Stefanie Foster，“Repurpose rail for the 2020s”, in Rail，頁 35:


barcarole

借自法語 barcarolle，源自威尼斯語 barcaroƚa (“船夫唱的歌”)，源自 barca (“樹皮、駁船、船”),最終源自埃及語 bꜣjr (“運輸船；一種魚”)。

/ˈbɑːkəɹəʊl/

/ˌbɑːkəˈɹəʊl/

/ˈbɑɹkəˌɹoʊl/

船歌（威尼斯船夫搖貢多拉所唱的歌曲）（自18世紀晚期起）

Venice! dear beautiful Venice! scene of harmony and love! where all was gayety and mirth, revelry and pleasure, with what warm feelings do I recall thee to my memory; day and night were the gondoliers singing barcarolles, or the verses of [Torquato] Tasso and [Ludovico] Ariosto to Venetian airs; […]

1826，Michael Kelly, [Theodore Edward Hook]，Reminiscences of Michael Kelly, of the King’s Theatre, and Theatre Royal Drury Lane, including a Period of Nearly Half a Century; with Original Anecdotes of Many Distinguished Persons, Political, Military, and Musical，New York, N.Y.: Printed by J. & J. Harper, 327 Pearl-Street, for E[vert Augustus] Duyckinck, Collins and Hannay, Collins & Co., W. B. Gilley, H. I. Megary, A. T. Goodrich, and G. & C. Carvill, →OCLC，頁 90:

In Venice! This night is so delicious—its air / Full of moonlight and passionate snatches of song, […] / —with a song full of dole, / A forlorn barcarole, / As my gondola glides.

1867 February，“Aureolus Paracelsus”，“In a Gondola. (Suggested by Mendelssohn’s Andante in G Minor, Book I., Lied 6, of the ‘Lieder ohne Worten.’)”, in The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science, and Art，卷 V, 期 2 (New Series), New York, N.Y.: Published at No. 5 Beekman Street, →OCLC, stanza I，頁 174:

船歌（模仿上述歌曲創作的音樂）（自18世紀晚期起）

A Barcarolle, with variations for the Pianoforte and flute, ad lib. by [Jean Théodore] Latour, opens with an introduction of great feeling and elegance. The Barcarolle is composed by [Jacques Féréol] Mazas, the great violinist, and has been played by him at the Philharmonic Concerts, and is original and graceful.

1822 May，“Report of Music”, in The London Magazine，卷 V, 期 XXIX, London: Printed for Taylor and Hessey, 93, Fleet-Street, →OCLC，頁 492:

But perhaps the best airs are those of Italy (particularly the Venetian) and Spain. […] The bolero, the barcarole, the canzonetta, and romance, have all the gaiety, softness, tenderness, and chivalry, which we associate with the troubadours, the gay squires, and sprightly dames, of the early ages of poetry and music.

1824，“A Collection of Admired Italian, French, German, Spanish, and English Songs, with a Progressive Accompaniment for the Spanish Guitar; by George Hervey Derwort. Nos. 1 to 13. London. Gow and Son.”, in The Quarterly Musical Magazine and Review，卷 VI, London: Sold by Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 47, Paternoster-Row, →OCLC，頁s 547–548:

Later in the evening Mr. [Anton] Rubinstein played his smaller pieces, such as the march from "The Ruins of Athens," his own "Barcarolle," and "Valse Caprice," and the enthusiasm and appreciation of his intelligent audience grew greater and greater.

1895 February，William Steinway，“William Steinway’s Reminiscences of Rubinstein”, in Music. A Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Art, Science, Technic and Literature of Music，卷 VII, Chicago, Ill.: Music Magazine Publishing Company, →OCLC，頁 395:


bareback

一種被作為肉類的鳥，沒有羽毛

Buyers discount many broiler flocks by from one to five cents a pound due to barebacks, but the loss to the industry does not end there. Barebacked broilers slow down the pickers in the dressing plants which results in a loss in labor.


buckaroo

源自西班牙語 vaquero (“牛仔”) 的變化形式，拼寫受到 buck (“（名詞）雄羚羊、雄鹿等；具冒險精神或意氣風發的年輕男子；（動詞）指馬等：向上跳躍並弓起背部，落地時頭部低垂、前腿僵直，後腿用力向上踢”) 的影響。vaquero 的同源對似詞。
同源詞
* 早期中世紀拉丁語 vaccārius (“牧牛人”)
* 法語 vacher
* 晚期拉丁語 baccalārius (“無地農奴；牧牛人（？）”) (墨洛溫王朝)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-buckaroo.wav

牛仔；特指通常不參加牛仔競技表演的職業牛仔

No thanks, cowboy. If I was to let every rodeo hand I pulled a bull off of buy me liquor, I'd have been an alcoholic long ago. Pullin' bulls off of you buckaroos is just my job. So save your money for your next entry fee, cowboy.

不用了，牛仔。如果我讓每個被我從公牛身上拉下來的牛仔競技手請我喝酒，我早就成酒鬼了。把你們這些牛仔從公牛身上拉下來只是我的工作。所以把錢省下來付下次參賽費吧，牛仔。

2005 September 2，Larry McMurtry, Diana Ossana，片头起00:51:25, in Brokeback Mountain，Universal City, Calif.: Focus Features, →OCLC:


reassuring

more reassuring (comparative)
most reassuring (superlative)

/ɹiːəˈʃɔːɹɪŋ/

The face which emerged was not reassuring. It was blunt and grey, the nose springing thick and flat from high on the frontal bone of the forehead, whilst his eyes were narrow slits of dark in a tight bandage of tissue. […].

1963，Margery Allingham，章號 17, in The China Governess:

It was reassuring to be back in the regent's warm embrace.

1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus 2010, p. 95:


bats

more bats (comparative)
most bats (superlative)

You must be bats to go out in the cold without a coat on.

在寒冷的天氣裡不穿外套，你一定是瘋了。

"Don't be so bats, Binns! Why should anyone want to pinch just one boot?"
"He might have been a chap with only one leg."

1952，Anthony Buckeridge，Jennings and Darbishire:


businessman

來自business + -man。取代早期的merchant，源頭來自拉丁語 mercāns (“商人，購買者”)。

I'm not a businessman, I'm a business, man

2005，“Diamonds From Sierra Leone (Remix)”, in Late Registration，演出者 Kanye West ft. Jay-Z:


blitzkrieg

非同化借詞，源自德語 Blitzkrieg (字面意思是“閃電似的戰爭”)。

I rode a tank, held a general's rank / When the Blitzkrieg raged and the bodies stank

1968，Keith Richards, Mick Jagger （作曲作詞）, “Sympathy for the Devil”, in Beggars Banquet，演出者 Rolling Stones:


bowman

繼承自中古英語 boweman、bouman、boughman，等同於bow + -man。

The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and bowmen.

各城的人，因馬兵和弓箭手的響聲，就都逃跑。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 4:29:


buttering

塗奶油的動作 將奶油抹在某物上

It is interesting that the sentences that Davidson uses in his arguments for events are all about genuine flesh and blood events: butterings of toast, explosions of boilers, raisings of arms, kickings of Shem and Sean and the like.

1986，R. Barcan Marcus, G. J. W. Dorn, P. Weingartner，Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science VII:


repeatedly

more repeatedly (comparative)
most repeatedly (superlative)

He repeatedly violated the court order, and shall now be punished.

他多次违反法庭命令，现在应该受到惩罚。

Scotland had the territory and the momentum, forcing England into almost twice as many tackles and rattling them repeatedly at set-pieces.

2011年October1日，Tom Fordyce，“Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport:

Since 2017, the DfT has "repeatedly altered the scope of the TRU [TransPennine Route Upgrade] to meet differing ministerial priorities and budget constraints", says the NAO [National Audit Office].

2022年August10日，Mel Holley，“Network News: Question marks over TransPennine upgrade spending”, in RAIL，期 963，頁 24:


bearable

A joint cause is neither necessary nor sufficient for an effect—for example, any one of six pallbearers is a joint cause of carrying a coffin bearable by four.

2015，Andrew Chignell, Terence Cuneo, Matthew C. Halteman，Philosophy Comes to Dinner: Arguments About the Ethics of Eating:


biohazard

The OSHA procedures for this type of environment required all investigative and emergency response personnel to wear PPE when they accessed those areas of the accident site containing biological hazards and undergo decontamination procedures after departing the biohazard area.

針對此類環境的OSHA程序要求所有調查和應急響應人員在進入事故現場含有生物危害的區域時穿戴PPE，並在離開生物危害區域後進行淨化程序。

1999年March24日，National Transportation Safety Board，“1.19 New Investigative Techniques”, in Aircraft Accident Report: Uncontrolled Descent and Collision with Terrain, USAir Flight 427, Boeing 737-300, N513AU, Near Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, September 8, 1994，存檔自the original on 2022-06-04，頁 237:

South Western Railway's Basingstoke station has donated surplus biohazard waste bags to the nearby St Michael's Hospice.

西南鐵路的貝辛斯托克站已將多餘的生物危害廢物袋捐贈給附近的聖米迦勒臨終關懷醫院。

2020年August12日，“News in Brief: Donation to hospice”, in Rail，頁 31:


beestings

繼承自古英語 bȳsting，派生自 bēost，源自原始西日耳曼語 *beust。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-beestings.wav

beest

動物（尤指牝牛）產後的初乳

colostrum

動物（尤指牝牛）產後的初乳

動物（尤指牝牛）產後的初乳

He took a jug of ‘beestings’ milk from the press, the milk of a cow that has recently calved, and drank it down in six big gulps.

他从榨汁机里拿出一罐“初乳”（刚产犊的母牛的奶），然后六大口喝完了。

2002，Joseph O'Connor，Star of the Sea，Vintage, 出版於 2003，頁 54:


pentagram

來自古希臘語 πεντάγραμμον (pentágrammon)，形容詞πεντάγραμμος (pentágrammos)和πεντέγραμμος (pentégrammos，“五條邊的，五條線的”)的名詞形式。等同於penta- + gram。

pentagramme (alternative)
pentagrams (plural)

Prove that the circles so belonging to the 6 pentagrams formed by 6 lines meet in a point, and so on; the series of theorems being interminable.

1871, W. J. C. Miller (editor), Mathematical Questions and Solutions, Volume XV, page 47,

The passive pentagrams of spirit are drawn first in the quarters of the passive elements—water and earth—and likewise followed by the appropriate traditional elemental pentagram.

2007，Christopher Penczak，The Temple of High Witchcraft: Ceremonies, Spheres, and the Witches' Qabalah，頁 345:

Four figures involve 12 pentagrams arranged as in the faces of a dodecahedron with their vertices touching.


pleasantry

Charlie Mulgrew could easily have been shown two yellow cards by a stricter referee and amid all the usual Anglo-Scottish pleasantries, the two sets of fans put an awful lot of effort into trying to drown out one another’s national anthems.


potentially

more potentially (comparative)
most potentially (superlative)

Nevertheless, it is clear that the global energy demand for air-conditioning will grow substantially as nations become more affluent, with the consequences of climate change potentially accelerating the demand.

儘管如此，很明顯，隨著各國變得更加富裕，全球對空調的能源需求將大幅增長，而氣候變遷的後果可能加速需求的成長。

2013 September-October，Michael Sivak，“Will AC Put a Chill on the Global Energy Supply?”, in American Scientist:


blacks

Friends weeping, and blacks, and obsequies, and the like show death terrible.

朋友的哭泣、身着丧服、葬礼等都表明死亡是可怕的。

1625，Francis [Bacon]，“Of Death”, in The Essayes […]，第3rd版, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

that was the full time they vsed to were blackes for the death of their fathers

那是他们因父亲去世而被迫身着丧服的时候

1579，Thomas North，The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romanes:


pitching

All this testifies to that yearning for green fields and rural sports which a life amidst bricks, pavements and pitching-stones


phobia

约1790年，来自一系列以-phobia结尾的词，来自古希臘語 φόβος (phóbos，“恐惧”)。对比ism，来自-ism，itis，来自-itis，以及ana，来自-ana。

phobias (plural)
phobiae (plural)
phobiæ (plural)

Some patients have the phobia of light, and others have the phobia of darkness. Another common aversion is that of high places. The phobiac of this type can not sit in the gallery […]

For as interviewer Than Win Htut expressed it, “misunderstandings about, and phobia of, gay life and homosexuality are very common in Burma.” Than Win Htut went on to observe that in Burma[…]

2009 06，Michael G. Peletz，Gender Pluralism: Southeast Asia Since Early Modern Times，Routledge, →ISBN，頁 162:

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pitter-patter

Once or twice I heard a faint pitter-patter like the feet of the dog going hither and thither on the sand far below me, and there were more bird-like sounds, but that was all.

1898，H.G. Wells，The War of the Worlds，London: William Heinemann，頁 237:


platonize

platonizes (third-person singular present)
platonizing (present participle)
platonized (past participle)

Either Plato philonized, or Philo platonized

1791，William Enfield, Johann Jakob Brucker，The History of Philosophy:

採用柏拉圖或其追隨者的觀點

He platonizes , after the manner of Origen , in some parts of his writings ; yet he is cited by Athanasius as a witness of the Son's consubstantiality with the Father

1794，Joseph Milner，The History of the Church of Christ:


platypus

源自新拉丁語 Platypus（命名時已用作長小蠹屬的屬名），源自古希臘語 πλατύπους (platúpous，“扁平足的”)，源自 πλατύς (platús，“扁平”) + πούς (poús，“腳”)。

platypuses (plural)
platypus (plural)
platypi (plural)
platypodes (plural)

Victoria's Healesville Sanctuary is celebrating the births of two baby platypuses, in a major milestone.

维多利亚州希尔斯维尔自然保护区正在庆祝两只鸭嘴兽宝宝的出生，这是一个重要的里程碑。

2008年March2日，“Captive platypus twins make history”, in ABC News:


player

源自中古英語 pleyer、playere，源自古英語 pleġere (“遊戲者，玩家，運動員，摔角手”)，等於 play + -er。

參與者，參加者 參與某種性愛形式的人

He thought he could become a player, at least at the state level.

他認為自己可以參與其中，至少在州級層面。

Decision realities research recognizes the occupational tribalism identified in occupational realities research, but goes further by paying attention to all the players – patients and lay caregivers included – who participate in negotiating care.

2011，Suzanne Shale，Moral Leadership in Medicine，頁 239:

Another Bush — George W.’s brother Jeb — is likely to be a big player in the Republican Party’s future.

2012年November7日，Matt Bai，“Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times:

As the biggest rail player, Network Rail was usually held accountable for failings, but had no authority to change anything to solve the problems. The DfT had been given that authority in 2004 - but consistently ducked accountability.

2021年March10日，Nigel Harris，“It's time to get on with it!”, in RAIL，期 926，頁 3:

In this space we explored lesbian sadomasochism, met other S/M women who were serious players, had access to safe equipment and, through watching other women, learned new techniques.

1991年April22日，Wickie Stamps，“A Lesbian Looks At The GMSMA's 10ᵗʰ Anniversary Celebration”, in Gay Community News，頁 11:

喜歡到處拈花惹草，而非建立長久性關係的人

Thunder only happens when it’s rainin’ / Players only love you when they’re playin’ / Say women, they will come and they will go / When the rain washes you clean, you’ll know

1977，Stevie Nicks （作曲作詞）, “Dreams”, in Rumours，演出者 Fleetwood Mac, Warner Bros.:


brillig

路易斯·卡羅詩作 Jabberwocky 中的一個臨時造詞，“矮胖子”將其解釋為“下午四點鐘 — 你開始煮晚飯的時間”。

'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves / Did gyre and gimble in the wabe


Genghis Khan

意大利語羅馬化蒙古語 ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (čiŋgis qaɣan), Чингис хаан (Čingis xaan)

/ˈɡɛŋɡɪs ˈkɑːn/

/ˈd͡ʒɛŋɡɪs ˈkɑːn/

[...]the Founder of that Family, who took the Name of Yuen, and who is known in Europe by the Name of Zing hi, or Zing his kan, but whom the Chineſe Hiſtory calls Tchin bi ſe, and Tai tſou, after he had conquer’d the King had thoughts of carrying the War into Corea: His General, called Leou co immediately made himſelf Mafter of the Towns ſituated upon the Eaſt of the River Ya lou;[...]

[1739 [1735]，P. Du Halde，“Geographical Obſervations on the Kingdom of Corea”, in The General History Of China，第2nd版, 卷 IV, →OCLC，頁 391: