equate

源自中古英語 equaten，源自拉丁語 aequātus，aequō的過去分詞。

彙編語言中的語句，定義具有特定值的符號。

The first section of the program includes the system equates.

2005，Arnold S. Berger，Hardware and Computer Organization，頁 220:

The following equates define the stats byte […]

2009，Saifullah Khalid, Neetu Agrawal，Microprocessor System，頁 256:

You can learn much about user routines, labels, displacements, equates (EQU) and so on, by modifying this program and observing the results on the screen.

2012，J. S. Anderson，Microprocessor Technology，頁 221:


give up

gives up (third-person singular present)
giving up (present participle)
gave up (past)
given up (past participle)

He gave up his seat to an old man.

"Dear Miss Woodhouse, I would not give up the pleasure and honour of being intimate with you for any thing in the world."

“親愛的伍德豪斯小姐，跟你在一起又快樂又榮幸，我說什麽也不能離開你。”


Spanish

來自中古英語 Spainish, Spanish，等同於Spain + -ish。

Whether Martial's heart was in the Spanish highlands or whether he was happy enough in Rome will be discussed later[…]

2005，J. P. Sullivan，Martial, the unexpected classic，頁 1:

與西班牙人民和文化有關的

Though she was Indian like the rest of us, she had a fine Spanish nose.

1996，Oscar Zeta Acosta，“From Whence I Came”, in Oscar "Zeta" Acosta: the uncollected works，頁 42:

Spanish cuisine is not as spicy hot as Mexican, but it is flavorful and bright.

2007，Lynette Rohrer Shirk，章號 1, in The Everything Tapas and Small Plates Cookbook:

Fundamentally, the Spanish vowel sounds are only five, even though as a matter of fact there may be different other sounds for such vowels as [a], [e] and [o].

1918，Julián Moreno-Lacalle，Elements of Spanish Pronunciation，頁 12:


Spanish

The Spanish are not the only ones selling their goods along the wharves and the inner streets.

1976，Robert Rézette，The Spanish Enclaves in Morocco，頁 62:

Sixty-four percent more Spanish are functionally illiterate compared to Anglos in Lubbock (only 15 percent more of nonwhites than Anglos).

1970，Henry Sioux Johnson, William J. Hernández-Martinez，Educating the Mexican American，頁 87:


with

源自中古英語 with，源自古英語 wiþ，源自原始西日耳曼語 *wiþi，原始日耳曼語 *wiþrą (“反，反對”)的縮略形式。副詞的釋義可能是從其他日耳曼語意譯的，例如 挪威語 med、瑞典語 med 和德語 mit。

wyth (alternative)
whith (alternative)
wᵗʰ (alternative)
wᵗ (alternative)
w/ (dated alternative)
w (alternative)
wi' (alternative)
wit (alternative)
wit' (alternative)
wid (alternative)
wif (alternative)
wiv (alternative)

cut with a knife

I water my plants with this watering can. This is the watering can I water my plants with.

我用這個水壺為我的植物澆水。這是我用來為我的植物澆水的水壺。

Find what you want instantly with our search engine.

使用我們的搜尋引擎快速尋找你想要的 (資訊)。

They dismissed the meeting with a wave of their hand.

他們用手揮了一下，(以表示) 會議取消。

They had cut of his head upon the cudy of his boat had not the man reskued him with a sword...

如果不是那人用劍救了他，他們就在他的船上砍下他的頭…

And keep each other company in spite, / As rivals in your common mistress, fame, / And with faint praises one another damn;

即使如此，你們仍彼此作伴，/ 作為共享情人的競爭對手——名聲，/ 詛咒對方以微弱的讚美；


granda

My granda would make everything from scratch and it was a wonderful feast of a picky tea. His potatoes deep-fried in batter were amazing.


longa

源自澳洲克里奧爾語 langa，源自英語 along，對比比斯拉馬語和托克皮辛語 long。

屬於。（從十九世紀開始）

This fella song all about the Aboriginal people, coloured people, black people longa Australia.

1991, Jimmy Chi, Bran Nue Dae, in Heiss & Minter, Macquarie PEN Anthology of Aboriginal Literature, Allen & Unwin 2008, p. 137:

He wait longa river.

2000，Queensland Department of Justice，Aboriginal English in the courts: a handbook:


macer

Indeed, Moran was a profession cheat, a sharper of more than ordinary dimensions — a macer, in criminal parlance. He had made card sharping a life's work — second only to shooting […]

1981，John E. Gardner，The Return of Moriarty，頁 7:


sinister

繼承自中古英語 sinistre (“不幸的”)，來自古法語 senestre、sinistre (“左的”)，來自拉丁語 sinister (“左手”)。

more sinister (comparative)
most sinister (superlative)

dexter

從配戴者看盾牌的左側的，從觀看者看盾牌的右側的

Before the train had stopped he had decorated his sinister shirt-cuff with the inscription, ‘J. P. Huddle, The Warren, Tilfield, near Slowborough.’

1911，Saki, ‘The Unrest-Cure’，The Chronicles of Clovis:

Nimble and sinister tricks and shifts.

1625，Francis [Bacon]，“Of Judicature”, in The Essayes […]，第3rd版, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

He scorns to undermine another's interest by any sinister or inferior arts.

1667，Robert South，The Practice of Religion Enforced by Reason:


copper

繼承自中古英語 coper。

Coppers are generally good for a year, if the battery is carefully attended […]

1885，General Rules and Regulations Applicable to All Employes of the Chicago and Grand Trunk Railway Company:

Some coppers come already tinned. I didn't buy mine, so they surely were not tinned.

1890，The Manufacturer and Builder，卷 22，頁 83:

Coppers are not consumed, and their life depends largely on the manner in which they are used.

銅不會被消耗，其壽命主要取決於使用方式。

1907，“Instructions for the Care of Callaud Batteries”, in Journal of the Telegraph，卷 XL:

I had in my pocket a handful of copper money, three or four silver dollars, and five pistoles in gold. As he proceeded I began to soften, and concluded to give the coppers.

1799，Benjamin Franklin，The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin，出版於 1868，頁 255:


gracias

借自西班牙語 gracias (“謝謝”)。

/ˈɡɹɑ.θi.əs/

Muchos gracias, my friend. —The girls are in the kitchen, Bimbo told Vera.

"Gracias, my friend. I owe you a great debt.

“No, gracias, my friend. This will do fine.”

2010，Tina Rosenberg，Glenapp Castle: A Scottish Intrigue，頁 154:


consonant

繼承自中古英語 consonant 或 consonaunt，源自古法語 consonant，源自拉丁語 cōnsonāns，源自前綴 con- (“和”) + 現在分詞 sonāns (“正聽起來”)，源自 sonāre (“聽起來”)。此拉丁語詞又是古希臘語 σύμφωνον (súmphōnon) 的仿譯。

more consonant (comparative)
most consonant (superlative)

Each one pretends that his opinion […] is consonant to the words there used.

1710，William Beveridge，The true nature of the Christian church, the office of its ministers, and the means of grace administred by them explain'd. In twelve sermons:

Cheerfulness, even gaiety, is consonant with every species of virtue and practice of religion, and I think it inconsistent only with impiety and vice.

1900，Sabine Baring-Gould，“The Rev. Mr. Carter, Parson-Publican”, in Yorkshire Oddities, Incidents and Strange Events:

This essential right of the courts to be free of intimidation and coercion was held to be consonant with a recognition that freedom of the press must be allowed in the broadest scope compatible with the supremacy of order.

1946, 美國 Supreme Court, Pennekamp v. Florida 328 U.S. 331,334

No Russian whose dissonant consonant name / Almost shatters to fragments the trumpet of fame.

1813，Thomas Moore，Intercepted Letters, or the Two-Penny Post-Bag:


French

繼承自中古英語 Frenche、Frensch、Frensc、Frenshe、Frenk、Franche，來自古英語 Frenċisċ (“法語”)，來自原始西日耳曼語 *Frankisk (“法蘭克”)，等同於Frank + -ish (對照Frankish)。與西佛蘭德語 Fransch (“法語”)、荷蘭語 Frans (“法語”)、中古低地德語 vranksch、frenkisch、vrenkesch、vrenksch (“法語”)、中古高地德語 frenkisch、frensch （“法蘭克的，法蘭西的”；> 德語 fränkisch (“法蘭克尼亞”)）、丹麥語 fransk (“法語”)、瑞典語 fransk、fransysk (“法語”)、冰島語 franska (“法語”)同源。
用作粗俗語言的義項，其通常指早期19世紀上層階級實際使用的法語表達 (但通常輕微無禮)，後來被下層階級用作罵人的話，因為他們認為聽者不會熟悉這些用語。
用來指苦艾酒的義項，是French vermouth的簡稱。

She speaks French.

Ne mowe we alle Latin wite...
Ne French...

c. 1390, Robert Grosseteste, translating Chateau d'Amour as The Castle of Love, ll. 25 ff.:

I... wolde also be bolde in such french as is peculiare to the lawys of this realme, to leue it wyth them in wrytynge to.

1533, Thomas More, The Debellacyon of Salem & Bizance, fol. 96:

I could speak but little French.

1720，Daniel Defoe，Memoirs of a Cavalier，頁 13:

Thus, complementary to the French of France, the Quebecois (and in a lesser degree the Frenches of Africa, Swiss French, etc.) would constitute languages in their own right.

1991，Michael Clyne，Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations，Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN，頁 169:

Almost three quarters of the population 65 and older reported speaking French.

1997，Albert Valdman，French and Creole in Louisiana，頁 29:

Although he would spend the rest of his life in France, Picasso never mastered the language, and during those early years he was especially self-conscious about how bad his French was.

2004，Jack Flam，Matisse and Picasso: The Story of Their Rivalry and Friendship，頁 18:

The Frenches of England remain as working languages in the different registers of various occupational communities and for particular social rituals. Beyond the fifteenth century, French is a much less substantial presence in England, though[…]

2013，Jocelyn Wogan-Browne，Language and Culture in Medieval Britain: The French of England, C.1100-c.1500，Boydell & Brewer Ltd, →ISBN，頁 361:

Pardon my French.

The enraged headsman spares no 'bad French' in explaining his motives.

1845，Edward Jerningham Wakefield，Adventure in New Zealand，卷 I，頁 327:

Cameron: Pardon my French, but you're an asshole!

1986, John Hughes, Ferris Bueller's Day Off':

The book... is a welcome change from theory-infected academic discourse, pardon my French.

2005年May29日，New York Times Book Review，頁 12:


French

複數形式Frenches的使用在早期現代英語出現過，在當代英語很少出現。和其他集體區域居民稱謂詞一樣，French在指代法國人時，會在前面加上定冠詞或定語。

主要用於集合名詞和以複數形式

The Hundred Years' War was fought between the English and the French.

百年戰爭是英國人和法國人之間的戰爭。

Under the Fourth Republic, more and more French unionized.

在第四共和國時期，越來越多的法國人加入了工會。

[…]to breake the necke of the wicked purposes & plots of the French[…]

1579，Francesco Guicciardini as，譯者 Geoffrey Fenton, The Historie of Guicciardin，頁 378:

Such is the nature and complexion of the frenches, that they are worth nothing, but at the first push.

1653，François Rabelais，譯者 Thomas Urquhart, Works of Mr. Francis Rabelais，卷 I，頁 214:

On the way, scouts reported that some French were heading toward them across the ice.

2002，Jeremy Thornton，The French and Indian War，頁 14:


French

Frenches (third-person singular present)
Frenching (present participle)
Frenched (past participle)
french (alternative)

french的大小寫替代形式

Even before I thought about what I was doing we Frenched and kissed with tongues.

1995，Jack Womack，Random Acts of Senseless Violence，頁 87:


Japanese

/ˌd͡ʒæpəˈniːz/

Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum)

Japanese lantern (Alkekengi officinarum, syn. Physalis alkekengi)

:Template:U:en:-ese然而在東亞它卻經常被翻譯成漢語 日本人 (rìběnrén)或日語 日本人 (Nihonjin)。

A Japanese will typically have black hair, brown eyes, and pale skin.

日本人一般長著黑髮、褐眼睛，皮膚白皙。

Motoyuki Shibata isn’t a typical Japanese.
柴田元幸不是一名典型的日本人。

2007 October 16, Madeleine Brand, “Japan Struggles to Meet Its CO2 Emissions Limits”, Day to Day, National Public Radio,

How courteous is the Japanese;
He always says, "Excuse it, please."

日本人真有禮貌；
他總是開口說道“不好意思”。


Olive

拉丁語聖人名 Oliva 的中世紀形式；19世紀隨著以花名植物名作為名字的風潮而復興。姓氏則常與地形有關，常代表了歐洲大陸姓氏（如西班牙語 Oliva）的英語化。

And hear me swear a solemn oath, / That only by thy side / Will I to Olive plight my troth, / And gain her for my bride.

1842，Alfred Tennyson，The Talking Oak [會說話的橡樹]:

"Elspie, I have a thought! The baby shall be christened Olive!"
"It's a strange, heathen name, Mrs. Rothesay."
"Not at all. Listen how I chanced to think of it. This very morning, just before you came to waken me, I had such a queer, delicious dream. [ - - - ] Then I looked up, after awhile, and saw standing at the foot of the bed a little angel—a child-angel—with a green olive-branch in its hand. [ - - - ] "

1850，Dinah Craik，Olive，Chapman and Hall，頁 26:

There was Olive, a soft drowsy girl who didn't like me because I called her Olive Oyl. Even after I was made to apologize she didn't like me.

2006，Alice Munro，The View from Castle Rock，Chatto & Windus, →ISBN，頁s 227–228:


Portuguese

來自葡萄牙語 português。

Portugese (alternative)
more Portuguese (comparative)
most Portuguese (superlative)

/ˌpɔː.t͡ʃəˈɡiːz/

The British army had already moved over the border and the commander had established his HQ high in the central Portuguese mountains at Viseu.

1973，Roger Parkinson，The Peninsular War，頁 104:

與葡萄牙人民和文化有關的

In San Diego County there is but one Portuguese fisherman, as is also the case in Los Angeles, the county immediately adjoining.

1887，George Brown Goode，The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, section IV，頁 33:

The latter feature indicates that a Portuguese consonant cannot constitute the nucleus of a syllable.

1981，Milton Mariano Azevedo，A Contrastive Phonology of Portuguese and English，頁 31:


Portuguese

來自葡萄牙語 português。

Portugese (alternative)
Portuguese (plural)
Portugueses (plural)

/ˌpɔː.t͡ʃəˈɡiːz/

葡萄牙人，居住在葡萄牙的人

With a view to securing its more efficient working, a Portuguese was placed in charge of the entire department as Vidane.

1920，Paulus Edward Pieris，Ceylon and the Portuguese, 1505-1658，頁 184:

Beresford required all materials for coatees, waistcoats and pantaloons to be sent out unmade, as the Portuguese were perfectly capable of making the suits up properly after delivery.

2000，René Chartrand, Bill Younghusband，The Portuguese Army of the Napoleonic Wars，卷 1，頁 23:


Portuguese

來自葡萄牙語 português。

/ˌpɔː.t͡ʃəˈɡiːz/

Portuguese, however, is slightly different from Catalan, Spanish, and Romanian in that there is no strict adjacency requirement between wh-words and the verbal cluster in indirect questions.

2000，João Costa，Portuguese Syntax: new comparative studies，頁 65:


syndrome

古典借詞，源自新拉丁語 syndrome，源自古希臘語 συνδρομή (sundromḗ，“症状同时发生；人群聚集”)，源自 σύνδρομος (súndromos，“一起奔跑”)，源自 συν- (sun-，“一起，一同，帶著”) + δρόμος (drómos，“奔跑；路線”)。

porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome

Yemenite deaf-blind hypopigmentation syndrome

Down syndrome; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; restless-leg syndrome; battered-wife syndrome

唐氏綜合徵；获得性免疫缺陷綜合徵；不寧腿症候群；受虐婦女綜合徵

A “zone of rarity” emerges when symptoms cluster neatly into syndromes and interforms are uncommon, although not altogether absent. Fuzzy boundaries and interforms are a special problem for PTSD […]

2004，Gerald Rosen，Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Issues and Controversies，頁 127:

Bats host many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola. A recent study explored the ecological variables that may contribute to bats’ propensity to harbor such zoonotic diseases by comparing them with another order of common reservoir hosts: rodents.

蝙蝠携带多种可感染人类的知名病毒，包括严重急性呼吸道综合征和埃博拉病毒。最近的一项研究通过将蝙蝠与另一类常见宿主——啮齿动物进行比较，探索了可能导致蝙蝠携带此类人畜共患疾病的生态变量。

2013 May-June，Katie L. Burke，“In the News”, in American Scientist，卷 101, 期 3，頁 193:


substance

繼承自中古英語 substance，來自古法語 substance，來自拉丁語 substantia (“實質，本質”)，來自substāns，substō (“存在”，字面意思是“站在下面”)的現在主動分詞，來自sub + stō (“站立”)。取代本土的古英語 andweorc。

物質 具有恆定化學成分和特性的物質形式

Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace: the first apt to give stiffness, the other suppleness: one gives substance and form to the statue, the other polishes it.

学习给心灵带来力量，交谈则给人以优雅：学习容易使人僵硬，交谈则使人柔韧：学习给雕像提供物质和形式，交谈则使雕像更加光彩夺目。

1699，William Temple，Heads designed for an essay on conversations:

His wasted hands were stretched out, and worked with a quick and convulsive motion, as if catching some small substances which kept eluding their grasp;...

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XXX, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 308:

Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.

塑料是富含能量的物质，这就是许多塑料如此容易燃烧的原因。任何能够释放和利用这种能量的生物都将在人类世中生存得很好。能够做到这一点的陆地细菌和真菌已经为该领域的专家所熟知。

2013年July20日，“Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist，卷 408, 期 8845:

同類詞：compound、element、mixture、composite

This edition is the same in substance with the Latin.
此版本内容与拉丁文版本相同。

1684-1690, Thomas Burnet, Sacred Theory of the Earth

It is insolent in words, in manner; but in substance it is not only insulting, but alarming.

从言语上、从态度上看，它都很粗野无礼；而从实质上看，它不仅具有侮辱性，而且令人震惊。

1796，Edmund Burke，Letters on a Regicide Peace:


ATM

ass to mouth (“從肛門拔出後直接入口”)之首字母縮略詞。

Too often California is relegated to serving as the nation’s political ATM.


blame

繼承自中古英語 blamen，源自古法語 blasmer，來自晚期拉丁語 blasphēmāre (“責罵，辱罵”)，來自古希臘語 βλασφημέω (blasphēméō)。blaspheme 的同源對似詞。從本土詞wite (“責備、指責、譴責、懷疑”)（來自中古英語 wīten、中古英語 wītan）變為常見用語。

blames (third-person singular present)
blaming (present participle)
blamed (past participle)

though my loue be not so lewdly bent, / As those ye blame, yet may it nought appease / My raging smart [...].

尽管我的爱不像你说的卑贱，/ 然而我剧烈的痛苦一点未减，/ 也没法熄灭我心中的火焰 …

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book III, Canto II”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

That was the year that Sir Richard was writing his volume on Domestic Life in Tartary. The critics all blamed it for a lack of concentration.

1919，Saki, ‘The Oversight’，The Toys of Peace:

I covered the serious programmes too, and indeed, right from the start, I spent more time praising than blaming.

2006，Clive James，North Face of Soho，Picador, 出版於 2007，頁 106:


climate

源自中古英語 climat < 古法語 climat < 拉丁語 clima < 古希臘語 κλίμα (klíma，“latitude”，字面意思是“傾斜”)。

As fruits of hotter countries, transearthed in colder climates, have vigour enough in themselves to be fructuous according to their nature: but, that they are hindered by the chilling nips of the air, and the soil, wherein they are planted.

就像来自较热地区的水果，在较冷的气候下移植，本身也具有足够的活力，可以按照其自然节律结出果实：但是，它们受到空气和移栽地土壤的寒冷所阻碍。

1904，Owen Felltham, William Henry Oliphant Smeaton，Resolves:

And the effects from climate change are already extreme.

气候变化的影响已经非常极端。

2018，VOA Learning English > China's Melting Glacier Brings Visitors, Adds to Climate Concerns:


conservative

借自中古法語 conservatif，來自拉丁語 cōnservō (“儲存”)。等同conserve + -ative。

more conservative (comparative)
most conservative (superlative)

We have always been conscientiously attached to what is called the Tory, and which might with more propriety be called the Conservative, party.


design

designs (third-person singular present)
designing (present participle)
designed (past participle)

He was designed to the study of the law.

1700，John Dryden，Translations from Ovid's Epistles, Preface:


earthquake

繼承自中古英語 erthequake，可以拆解為 earth + quake。取代了中古英語 eorð byfung (“地震”)，後者源自古英語 eorþbeofung (字面意思是“土地搖動”)。

特指發生在地球上的地面震動 （20世紀起）

Since the response of some man-made structures to the ground motion near the epicenter is highly dependent on frequency, a significant difference in potential damage to the structures is expected between earthquakes and moonquakes.

1988，Jürgen Oberst, Yosio Nakamura，“A seismic risk for the lunar base”, in The Second Conference on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century，卷 1, NASA，頁s 231–233:

The wave patterns, too, are strikingly different: The secondary (S) waves and surface waves on lunar seismograms are not generally as clearly defined and distinct as are those of earthquakes.

2006，Bruce A. Bolt，Earthquakes, Fifth Edition:


earthquake

earthquakes (third-person singular present)
earthquaking (present participle)
earthquaked (past participle)

Watch the Philippines very closely for the next little while. There is rumbling and earthquaking deep within Pinatubo and increased earthquaking within Mayon.

1993，Gyeorgos C. Hatonn，The Best of Times: The Worst of Times，頁 129:


los

繼承自中古英語 lusk，來自古英語 lox，來自原始西日耳曼語 *luhs，來自原始日耳曼語 *luhsaz。與低地蘇格蘭語 los、薩特弗里斯蘭語 Luks、低地德語 Luks、荷蘭語 los、德語 Luchs、盧森堡語 Luuss等同源。

The los had been brought from a northern part of the United States.

猞猁是從美國北部某地帶來的。

A beaſt like unto a wolfe having many ſpottes, and being exceeding quicke of ſight: a wolfe like an hart, a Los or Lynx.

1592，Thomas Thomasius，Thomae Thomasii Dictionarium tertio ... emendatum ... et longe auctius ... redditum.:


gen

Nose around any modest-sized station and the odds are you'll find that the chargeman's office doubles as a bashers' club, a place where shivering spotters can get warm and catch up on the gen.

2015，Nicholas Whittaker，Platform Souls: The Trainspotter as 20th-Century Hero:


ambiguous

源自拉丁語 ambiguus (“左右搖擺的，性質可疑的”)，該詞衍生自ambigere (“四處走動、徘徊、懷疑”)，由ambi- (“周圍、大約、兩側”)與agere (“驅動、移動”)組成。

more ambiguous (comparative)
most ambiguous (superlative)

And forasmuch as in this same question I am ambiguous, and Simplicius is resolute....

鑑於在此問題上我仍游移不定，而辛普利休斯立場堅決...

1662，Thomas Salusbury，Mathematical collections and translations, in two tomes - Salusbury:


conventional

more conventional (comparative)
most conventional (superlative)

They wear conventional clothes, eat conventional food, and keep conventional hours.

他们穿普通的衣服，吃普通的食物，按普通的时间工作。

Mother[…]considered that the exclusiveness of Peter's circle was due not to its distinction, but to the fact that it was an inner Babylon of prodigality and whoredom, from which every Kensingtonian held aloof, except on the conventional tip-and-run excursions in pursuit of shopping, tea and theatres.

1922，Ben Travers，章號 2, in A Cuckoo in the Nest:

The history of our study of our solar system shows us clearly that accepted and conventional ideas are often wrong, and that fundamental insights can arise from the most unexpected sources.

1980，Carl Sagan，Cosmos: A Personal Voyage:


conversation

繼承自中古英語 conversacioun，來自古法語 conversacion及其同源詞，拉丁語 conversātiōnem，conversātiō (“會話”)的賓格單數，來自conversor (“駐足，陪伴”)。
型態分析為converse + -ation。

[ˌkʰɒɱ.vəˈseɪ.ʃn̩]

[ˌkʰɑɱ.vɚˈseɪ.ʃn̩]

banter

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

chat

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

chinwag

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

dialogue

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

discussion

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

interlocution

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

powwow

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

table talk

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

understanding

對特定主題、想法、研究領域等的參與（16–18世紀）

familiarity

對特定主題、想法、研究領域等的參與（16–18世紀）

會話，談話，對話（自16世紀）

I had an interesting conversation with Nicolas yesterday about how much he's getting paid.

昨天我与尼古拉斯就他的薪水进行了一次有趣的谈话。

Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace: the first apt to give stiffness, the other suppleness: one gives substance and form to the statue, the other polishes it.

1699，William Temple，Heads designed for an essay on conversations:

When this conversation was repeated in detail within the hearing of the young woman in question, and undoubtedly for his benefit, Mr. Trevor threw shame to the winds and scandalized the Misses Brewster then and there by proclaiming his father to have been a country storekeeper.

1897年 12月（標示為1898年），Winston Churchill，章號 5, in The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

A little less conversation, a little more action please / All this aggravation ain't satisfactioning me

1968，Mac Davis, Billy Strange （作曲作詞）, “A Little Less Conversation”, 演出者 Elvis Presley:

性交（16世紀–19世紀）

criminal conversation

Ariadne[…]quitted her Lover Theseus, for the tumultuous Conversation of Bacchus.

1723，Charles Walker，Memoirs of the Life of Sally Salisbury:

Our travellers had happened to take up their residence at a house of exceeding good repute, whither Irish ladies of strict virtue, and many northern lasses of the same predicament, were accustomed to resort in their way to Bath. The landlady therefore would by no means have admitted any conversation of a disreputable kind to pass under her roof. Indeed, so foul and contagious are all such proceedings, that they contaminate the very innocent scenes where they are committed, and give the name of a bad house, or of a house of ill repute, to all those where they are suffered to be carried on.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1749，Henry Fielding，The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史]，卷 (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:
 Folio Society 1973, p. 333:


conversation

conversations (third-person singular present)
conversationing (present participle)
conversationed (past participle)

[ˌkʰɒɱ.vəˈseɪ.ʃn̩]

[ˌkʰɑɱ.vɚˈseɪ.ʃn̩]

Gone now are the "high-minded" style, the "adapted from literature" feel, the voice-over narration, and the abstract conversationing about ideas, values...

1983，James Frederick Mason, Hélène Joséphine Harvitt，The French review:

...he has breakfasted me, dined me, conversationed me, absolutely caressed me. He has been really most kind and paternal...

1989，Robert L Gale，A Henry James encyclopedia:

After all this conversationing, Scottie, my usual dance partner, was getting antsy and wanted to dance.

2002，Georgie Nickell，I Only Smoke on Thursdays:


decay

civic and moral decay

systemic decay

I fancied at first the stuff was paraffin wax, and smashed the jar accordingly. But the odor of camphor was unmistakable. It struck me as singularly odd, that among the universal decay, this volatile substance had chanced to survive, perhaps through many thousand years.

1895，H. G. Wells，章號 X, in The Time Machine:


deserve

繼承自中古英語 deserven，來自古法語 deservir，來自拉丁語 dēserviō，來自dē- + serviō。

deserves (third-person singular present)
deserving (present participle)
deserved (past participle)

After playing so well, the team really deserved their win.

打得如此出色，这支球队确实配得上胜利。

After what he did, he deserved to go to prison.

他做了那样的事，就该坐牢。

This argument deserves a closer examination.

这一论点值得进一步研究。

God exacteth of thee less than thine iniquity deserveth.

神追討你，比你罪孽該得的還少。

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 11:6:

John Gay deserved to be a favourite.

1853，William Makepeace Thackeray，The English Humorists of the Eighteenth Century:

the grantees named in the questioned deed executed by their father richly deserved receiving the family home.

Perhaps they do, but they don't deserve that the rest of us contribute money or appropriate public funds for the purchase of pictures and the construction of buildings.

2008，Michael Walzer，Spheres Of Justice: A Defense Of Pluralism And Equality，頁 24:


emigrate

源自拉丁語 emigratus, emigro (“搬走、移走、離開某個地方”) 的完成時被動分詞，源自 ex- (“出於，從”) + migro (“移動、移除、離開”)。

emigrates (third-person singular present)
emigrating (present participle)
emigrated (past participle)

They [the Huns] were emigrating from Tartary into Europe in the time of the Goths.

1872，John Henry Newman，Historical Sketches:


estate

繼承自中古英語 estat，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 estat和古法語 estat（法語：état），來自拉丁語 status。state和status 的同源對似詞。

狀態；條件 （自13世紀）

But when I came to mans eſtate,
With hey ho, [the winde and the raine],
Gainſt Knaues and Theeues men ſhut their gate.

c. 1601–1602 （写稿日期），威廉·莎士比亚，“Twelfe Night, or What You Will [第十二夜]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio（第一对开本）)，伦敦: […] Isaac Iaggard和Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]，頁 275:

Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate.

1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 12:16:

To remove therfore if it be possible, this great and sad oppression which through the strictnes of a literall interpreting hath invaded and disturb’d the dearest and most peaceable estate of houshold society, to the over-burdening, if not the over-whelming of many Christians better worth then to be so deserted of the Churches considerate care, this position shall be laid down; first proving, then answering what may be objected either from Scripture or light of reason.

1643，John Milton，Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce:

階層，地位 (王國境內的諸階層) （自14世紀）

I am afraid that some of the nobles who are campaigning for it simply want to use the Estates to cut down the King's power and increase their own.

1992，Hilary Mantel，A Place of Greater Safety，Harper Perennial, 出版於 2007，頁 115:

The three estates of feudal lords, clergy and royal officers met in separate chambers, and exercised an advisory role.

2011，Norman Davies，Vanished Kingdoms，Penguin, 出版於 2012，頁 202:

I call matter of estate not only the parts of sovereignty, but whatsoever[…]concerneth manifestly any great portion of people.

一個配置的集體資訊科技資源

This time, however, it only includes the static parameters that you expect to be consistent across your estate.

2015，Peter Carter，Pro SQL Server Administration，頁 82:


impart

繼承自中古英語 imparten、借自中古法語 impartir、empartir，源自晚期拉丁語 impartiō、impertiō，源自 im- + 拉丁語 partiō (“分割”)。

imparts (third-person singular present)
imparting (present participle)
imparted (past participle)

disclose

（通過話語、寫作等）通知，透露

tell

（通過話語、寫作等）通知，透露

（通過話語、寫作等）通知，透露

Well may he then to you his cares impart.

1662，John Dryden，letter to Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon:

The departure was not unduly prolonged. […] Within the door Mrs. Spoker hastily imparted to Mrs. Love a few final sentiments on the subject of Divine Intention in the disposition of buckets; farewells and last commiserations; a deep, guttural instigation to the horse; and the wheels of the waggonette crunched heavily away into obscurity.

1922，Ben Travers，章號 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest:


indomitable

源自晚期拉丁語 indomitābilis，源自 in- (“不”) + domitō，domō (“馴服”) 的頻率形。By surface analysis, in- + domitable。

more indomitable (comparative)
most indomitable (superlative)

不屈不撓的，無法被阻撓或擊敗的

Personal courage and an indomitable self-confidence were the chief, indeed the only, qualities which sprang to light in General Feversham.

1902，A. E. W. Mason，章號 1, in The Four Feathers:

But he was a youth of indomitable spirit, strong and agile as a wild cat.

1910，William Henry Hudson，章號 7, in A Shepherd's Life:

Nobody came on to the movie camera—wrapped it in a bear hug and wrestled it to submission—like Betty Hutton. They called this 40s singer-actress "the Blitzkrieg blond" . . . . [S]he was indomitable, unstoppable.

2007年March31日，Richard Corliss，“When Betty Got Frank”, in Time，存檔自the original on 2010-12-03:

And even though the rest of the auto industry, seeing Tesla’s growth, jumped on the electric vehicle bandwagon, Tesla has maintained an indomitable lead.

2022年April28日，Farhad Manjoo，“Is Elon Musk Really That Bad?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


radioactive

於1898年由皮埃尔·居里和玛丽·居里借自法語 radio-actif所創的新詞，等同於radio- + active。

radio-active (alternative)
radioactives (plural)

Any ship nearby will receive a lethal dose of gamma rays, neutrons, and other radioactives.

2016，Travis S. Taylor, Les Johnson，On to the Asteroid:


relaxer

Are you a doer or a relaxer? If you said “some of both,” then you're right on track.

您是行動派還是放鬆派？如果您回答「兩者皆有」，那麼您說得對。

2014，Rusty Gregory, Alan Chasen，Living Wheat-Free For Dummies，頁 172:


mode

來自古法語 mode m，來自拉丁語 modus (“方法，方式；節奏，旋律”)。modus 的同源對似詞。

方式，辦法 一個系統的狀態，由該系統的一個本徵函數所代表 與信號或振動相關的狀態

What was the mode of entry?

An effectual and inexpensive mode of Protecting Wall-Trees from Spring-Frosts.

保护墙树免受春季霜冻的一种有效且廉价的方法。

1855，Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society，卷 9，頁 205:

common-mode

differential-mode

normal mode of vibration

方式，辦法 一個系統的狀態，由該系統的一個本徵函數所代表 電磁場的波型

What was the mode of entry?

保护墙树免受春季霜冻的一种有效且廉价的方法。

longitudinal mode

transverse mode

What was the mode of entry?

保护墙树免受春季霜冻的一种有效且廉价的方法。

In insert mode, characters typed are directly inserted into the buffer.

在插入模式粗体文本下，键入的字符直接插入到缓冲区中。

方式，辦法 裝置上用於特定目的的一系列設定

What was the mode of entry?

保护墙树免受春季霜冻的一种有效且廉价的方法。

airplane mode; night mode

The car was then placed into its Level 2 driving mode, much like you would for the current adaptive cruise control systems.

然后，汽车进入二级驾驶模式，类似于当前的自适应巡航控制系统。

2024年May4日，Mat Gallagher，“I tried Mercedes’ new autonomous driving in busy city streets – it's mind-blowing”, in T3:

方式，辦法 玩法變化，例如難度

What was the mode of entry?

保护墙树免受春季霜冻的一种有效且廉价的方法。

Campaign mode (the career mode that includes the notorious Gran Turismo driving school) is off limits while offline. Also unavailable offline: buying new cars, viewing your garage, editing car liveries, and even the "taking photos of fancy cars in exotic scenery" mode.

战役模式（包含臭名昭著的“GT赛车”驾驶学校的生涯模式）在离线状态下无法使用。此外，离线状态下也无法使用以下模式：购买新车、查看车库、编辑车辆涂装，甚至包括“在异国风光中拍摄豪车”模式。

2017年October17日，Jonathan M. Gitlin，“Gran Turismo Sport is extremely limited in offline mode”, in Ars Technica:

I've stumbled over gaming's simplest hurdles, been humiliated by the lowliest of enemies and will often go for an easy mode if one's available, and yet I've run through Bloodborne twice without ever really breaking much of a sweat.

我曾在游戏中最简单的障碍跌倒过，被最卑微的敌人羞辱，并且如果可以选择简单模式，我基本上就会选，然而我已经两次通关《血源诅咒》，却从未真正出过什么大汗。

2018年March6日，Martin Robinson，“Dispelling the myths of Bloodborne”, in Eurogamer:

Selfie modes, meanwhile, let you add filters and change characters’ facial expressions，來自Link in The Legend of Zelda: Wind Waker to Arthur Morgan in Red Dead Redemption 2.

同时，自拍模式可让您添加滤镜并更改角色的面部表情，从《塞尔达传说：风之杖》中的林克到《荒野大镖客2》中的亚瑟·摩根。

2019年February25日，Jordan Erica Webber，“Point and shoot: what's next for photography in video games?”, in The Guardian:

What was the mode of entry?

保护墙树免受春季霜冻的一种有效且廉价的方法。

方式，辦法 形式，僅實質性質存在的東西

What was the mode of entry?

保护墙树免受春季霜冻的一种有效且廉价的方法。


mode

來自法語 mode f (“時尚，潮流”)。

Her wardrobe is always in mode.


cap

源自中古英語 cappe，源自 古英語 cæppe，源自晚期拉丁語 cappa。cape、chape和cope 的同源對似詞。

Did he think they were going to put a cap in his ass right in the middle of Metreon?


ultime

the true and ultime operations of Heat

1631，Francis [Bacon]，“(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […]，第3rd版, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

Nothing was wanting now to the perfecting of this League, but the ultime and compleating act, the solemn confirmation by Oath.

1654，Hamon L'Estrange，The Reign of King Charles:


discontinuity

來自晚期拉丁語 discontinuitās，來自discontinuus，等同於dis- + continuity。

Shock waves are sudden discontinuities propagated in compressible media – usually air.

2012，George Dyson，Turing's Cathedral，Penguin, 出版於 2013，頁 57:


elytron

古典借詞，源自古希臘語 ἔλυτρον (élutron，“鞘”)。

In a corner, the Darkling Beetle rustles in its Cage, its Elytra the same unforgiving white as the great sand-waste call’d ‘Kalahari’ lying north of here […]

[…] the elytra covering the hind wings of the firefly lift like a light leather, suppler than any other beetle’s.

2020，Aimee Nezhukumatathil，World of Wonders: In Praise of Fireflies, Whale Sharks, and Other Astonishments，Minneapolis: Milkweed Editions, →ISBN，頁 9:


impregnate

較早的形式作 impregn，源自中古法語 imprégner，源自古法語 enpreignier。

impregnates (third-person singular present)
impregnating (present participle)
impregnated (past participle)

使滲入，浸透，浸漬；用物質填滿孔隙或空間

It takes a little time for the personal fatty acids to impregnate new shoes or boots, but from the scent point of view leather is a sponge, and the personal scent is left.

1937，Hugh Bertie Campbell Pollard，The mystery of scent，頁 121:


reproducer

Local musicians were not just passive reproducers of the tradition.

当地音乐家并非只是传统的被动复制者。

2000，David Greer, Ian Rumbold, Jonathan King，Musicology and Sister Disciplines，頁 304:


acquiescer

On the basis of these scores, patients were designated High Acquiescers and Low Acquiescers.

1969，Digest of Neurology and Psychiatry，頁 82:


soundly

起於約1400年，源自 sound + -ly。本義為“安全地”。現有義項起於16世紀。

more soundly (comparative)
most soundly (superlative)

He was soundly thrashed by the semi-professional boxer.

他被半职业拳击手狠狠地揍了一顿。

I slept quite soundly last night.

The wedding company, fatigued with their enjoyment of the previous night, slept soundly late into the next morning.

1899，William George Aston，A History of Japanese Literature，頁 272:

My gold carried little weight with him, he was sincerely fond of me and consequently rated me soundly for all indiscretions, declaring I would regret wasting the best years of my life and deadening my vast talents […]

1911, L. D. Biagi, The Centaurians, Ch. I:


cadi

qadi (“某些伊斯蘭國家的民事法官”)的另一種寫法

[…] look at these Christians closely, and you will abhor them. They are the worshippers of gold, not the followers of Alla. The poorest Mussulman has more hospitality than their Cadi; more charity than their Imans; more honesty than their Viziers.

1819，Henry Tudor Farmer，Imagination; the Maniac's Dream: And Other Poems，頁 157:


cheerio

/ˈtʃɪəɹ.i.əʊ/

/ˈt͡ʃɪəɹ.i.oʊ/

一種小香腸，在聚會上經常搭配番茄醬一起食用

The man who has gone around the cocktail circuit pounding cheerios to the end of time did not come in here and open his mouth once on the Bill.

1978，New Zealand. Parliament. House of Representatives，Parliamentary Debates，頁 4230:


catlike

more catlike (comparative)
most catlike (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-catlike.wav

緩慢的，謹慎的，安靜的，隱密的

With cat-like tread,
 Upon our prey we steal;
In silence dread,
 Our cautious way we feel.

1879，W. S. Gilbert，The Pirates of Penzance, Act II:


cephalosporin

/kɛfələʊˈspɔəɹɪn/

Another important group of antibiotics, the cephalosporins, a class that includes more than twenty-five different drugs, are chemically distinct from the penicillins but act in the same way as cell wall inhibitors, as do vancomycin and bacitracin.

另一類重要抗生素「頭孢菌素」包含超過25種不同藥物，其化學結構與青黴素不同，但與萬古黴素和桿菌肽相同，均通過抑制細胞壁發揮作用。

2001，Leslie Iversen，Drugs: A Very Short Introduction，Oxford，頁 63:


cloaca

借自拉丁語 cloāca (“下水道”)，來自cluō (“潔淨”)。

In birds the rectum, at the termination of its canal, forms an oval or elongated pouch […] and then expands into a cavity, which has been named cloaca.

鸟类的直肠在其管道末端形成一个椭圆形或细长的囊 […] 然后扩展成一个腔体，被称为泄殖腔。

1822，John Mason Good，The Study of Medicine，卷 I，頁 7:

Across this shell [sc. of bone] small holes are eaten, by which the matter escapes, and which are called cloacae (Weidmann).

1846，Joseph François Malgaigne，譯者 Frederick Brittan, Manual of Operative Surgery，頁 172:


cogeneration

The book project is part of a larger effort by Future Earth to build mechanisms for cogeneration of knowledge […]

2018，Thomas Elmqvist，The Urban Planet: Knowledge Towards Sustainable Cities，頁 xxix:


cupcake

cupcakes (third-person singular present)
cupcaking (present participle)
cupcaked (past participle)

調情；以充滿愛意或親密的方式交談或行動

I watched Brian as he drove off down the street. I turned and went back inside the studio and found Len at my desk. “I saw you and Brian cupcaking out there.”

我看著 Brian 開車離開街道。我轉身回到工作室，發現 Len 在我的桌子旁。「我看到你和布萊恩在外面調情。」

2011，Deontra Woods，Blood, Sweat and Tears，頁 102:

But I figured Najah was cupcaking with Johan, Chelsea was eating something that didn't match while Greg rubbed her feet, and Kalena wasn't in a space to talk or listen.

但我猜 Najah 正在和 Johan 調情，Chelsea 在 Greg 幫她揉腳的時候吃著不搭調的東西，而 Kalena 則沒有心思說話或聆聽。

2013，Michelle Robinson，Right Before My Eyes II，頁 100:

She said, “You're always Cupcaking.” I replied, “I'm not cupcaking. I'm enjoying my conversation so hush.” David and I would stay on the phone all night and talk. It was normal for us.

她說：「你總是在調情。」我回答：「我沒有在調情。我只是享受我的對話，所以安靜點。」大衛和我會整晚打電話聊天。對我們來說這是很正常的。

2014，Zaneeya S.，Overcoming My Past，頁 170:

“Luck is cupcaking on Myanna.”
His eyebrows shot up. “Cupcaking?”
“Old man.” She giggled. “Crushing. Your boy has a big time crush on Myanna.”

「Luck 在和 Myanna 調情。」
他的眉毛挑了起來。「調情？」
「老男人。」她咯咯笑著。「暗戀。你的男孩對 Myanna 很有好感。」

Let's review the tale of the tape: My best friend is being held hostage, I boosted his ride and mobile, then cupcaked with a heater-packing widow-maker.

讓我們回顧一下這個故事：我的好朋友被劫持了，我搶了他的車和手機，然後還和一個帶槍的寡婦製造者調情。

2018，Carlos Bayne，Napkin Nights: The Crunk Chronicles:


curvy

curvier (comparative)
curviest (superlative)

I love this woman and her curvy body.

He tried to shift his focus back to Jessica and their wedding, but the soft, curvy blonde he'd met recently was stealing more and more of his attention.

2013，Ava Catori，The Big, Not-So-Small, Curvy Girls Dating Agency，Ava Catori Books:


collogue

collogues (third-person singular present)
colloguing (present participle)
collogued (past participle)

And then it seems that she collogued with her master and heard word of a subtler device.

1902，John Buchan，The Outgoing of the Tide:

Ay, well, what I say - " Flusky frowned, endeavouring to put into words just what he did say, when he collogued with his own thoughts. "What I say: in a country where everything's to do, the hands has a chance to put themselves equal with the head."

1937，Helen Simpson，Under Capricorn (fiction):

You let Dunsey have it, sir? And how long have you been so thick with Dunsey that you must collogue with him to embezzle my money?

1861，George Eliot，Silas Marner (fiction), William Blackwood and Sons:

Witch Hunter: You dare to collogue about me with such a [contemnible] manner of speech?!

2022年November18日，Toontown: Corporate Clash Development Team，The Hires & Heroes Update (v1.3.0):


countermine

反地雷地雷（用來攔截敵方地雷或隧道的地雷）

Normally the threat would have been dealt with by means of a counter-mine, but the tunnel was now far too close for that.

1990，Peter Hopkirk，The Great Game，Folio Society, 出版於 2010，頁 436:


coyote

借自西班牙語 coyote，來自納瓦語族語言，來自原始納瓦語 *koyootl。對照欽諾克混合語 ki-o-tī。

Near Rio Frio we shot several handsome birds, and saw a cayjotte, or wild dog, which in size nearly approached the wolf.

在里約弗里奧附近，我們打中了幾隻漂亮的鳥兒，還看到了一條郊狼，或者叫野狗，牠的體型和狼很接近。

1824，William Bullock，Six Months' Residence and Travels in Mexico [在墨西哥的六個月居住和旅行]，頁 119:


dispersal

Problems of control in dispersals and in other prisons necessarily instigated a multiplicity of working theories to explain the difficulties […]

2012，D. Drake，Prisons, Punishment and the Pursuit of Security:


Djakarta

Jakarta (“雅加達”)的另一種拼寫法

KLM, on 12 September 1929, had inaugurated a fortnightly proving service to Djakarta from Amsterdam, a distance of 8540 miles and the longest air route in the world.

1985 John Gunn - The Defeat of Distance: Qantas 1919-1939

Many cities from Shanghai to Djakarta are badly polluted.

2002，Hilde Heynen，Back from Utopia: The Challenge of the Modern Movement:


environmental

與硬體運行的物理環境有關的任何因素

The process to enable migration from the vendor-supplied configuration to a new architecture depends on many system environmentals.

2014，Kenneth Barrett, Stephen Norris，Running Mainframe z on Distributed Platforms，頁 136:


yakitori

借自日語 焼き鳥 (yakitori)，來自焼き (yaki，“烤”) + 鳥 (tori)。

/jækɪˈtɔəɹi/

We should have the bazaars full of yakitori pitches and geishas in bamboo cages.

2006，Thomas Pynchon，Against the Day，Vintage, 出版於 2007，頁 851:


whacked

more whacked (comparative)
most whacked (superlative)

吸毒後進入興奮狀態的，嗑嗨的

Big Dima said he found it 'very much sexiness' knowing we could hear him getting whacked on speed and fucking Svetlana's rather sparse brains out almost every day.

2014，Boris Mihailovic，At the Altar of the Road Gods: Stories of motorcycles and other drugs:


vaseline

由美國的化學家Robert Augustus Chesebrough在1872造出，來自德語 Wasser (“水”) + 古希臘語 ἔλαιον (élaion，“油”) + -ine。

Hearts of putty, hearts of vaseline...

任何特殊種類的凡士林或任何類似的潤滑劑

A Russian vaseline has been lately added to the many kinds of vaseline found in […]

1882，Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry:


viewport

viewports (third-person singular present)
viewporting (present participle)
viewported (past participle)

調整（圖像或區域）以與視角適配

Some general ideas on clipping, viewporting, and windowing can be found in Rogers and Adams.

Viewporting is an operation that takes the portion of the picture that has been mapped into the square region delimited by -1,+1,-1,+1 and further maps it into a rectangular subregion of the screen (a viewport).

1980，MTS, the Michigan Terminal System，卷 17，頁 42:

The main thing I want you to take away from this chapter is knowing where to start and creating a very simple viewported web site using nothing more than an extra <meta> tag and simple HTML.

2012，Scott Preston，Learn HTML5 and JavaScript for iOS:


filtering

過濾出來的東西；通過了過濾器的東西

the filterings from the subsoils

Waking up in Langogne in a dim dawn, I felt in a strange sort of way more at home than I'd been for a long time in my own sadly altered version of home, even a year on from her death – especially in the first filterings of daylight […]

2006，Christopher Rush，To Travel Hopefully，頁 146:


unmilitary

more unmilitary (comparative)
most unmilitary (superlative)

The Indian military system is full of unmilitary anomalies, all productive of irresponsibility and undiscipline.

印度的軍事體系充滿了非軍事性的異常現象，所有這些都導致了不負責任和無紀律。

1860，Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons，Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons，頁 72:

National Guards and Soldiers of the line […] fall into disorderly street-processions, constitutional unmilitary exclamations and hurrahings.

1837，Thomas Carlyle，The French Revolution: A History […]，卷 (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, (please specify the book or page number):

Tragedy developed affinities with civic ideals of restraint, manly control, and heroic discipline, but comedy, and in particular the comic body, developed affinities with anticivic excess, sexual abandon, and unmilitary, antiathletic slackness.

悲劇與克制、男子氣概和英雄紀律等公民理想有著密切的聯繫，而喜劇，尤其是喜劇的本體，則與反公民的過度、性的放縱以及非軍事性的、反運動的懈怠產生了密切的聯繫。

2000，Beth Cohen，Not the Classical Ideal:


firelight

He sat on by the cheerful firelight thrown from a bundle of green ash-sticks laid across the dogs; the sticks snapped pleasantly, and hissed out bubbles of sap from their ends.

他坐在壁爐的旁邊，在壁爐裏薪架上，燃燒着一堆綠色的桦樹枝，上面閃耀着歡樂的火苗；樹枝燒得劈劈啪啪地直響，樹枝的端頭燒得冒出了白沫。

1891，Thomas Hardy，章號 XXXI, in Tess of the d'Urbervilles:


forecaster

Students will be surprised to see the weather forecaster is not really standing in front of the maps. These are keyed in electronically; the forecaster stands in front of a green/blue screen.

学生们会惊讶地发现，天气预报员并不是真的站在地图前。这些都是电子输入的；预报员实际上站在绿色/蓝色屏幕前。

1995，Keith Kyker，Christopher Curchy，Video projects for elementary and middle schools，頁 79:


forefinger

/ˈfɔːˌfɪŋ.ɡə/

/ˈfɔɹˌfɪŋ.ɡɚ/

He touched me on the arm with his forefinger twice or thrice giving a ghastly nod each time:- […]


forevermore

/fəˈɹɛv.ə.mɔː/

/fɔːɹˈɛv.ɚ.mɔːɹ/

在英國和多數英聯邦國家，一般使用for evermore。而在加拿大和美國，則一般使用forevermore。

Poor Pope; and I am told he is fast growing bankrupt too; and will, in a measurable term of years (a great way within the ‘three hundred’), not have a penny to make his pot boil! His old rheumatic back will then get to rest; and himself and his stage-properties sleep well in Chaos forevermore.

1843年，Thomas Carlyle，Past and Present，book 3，ch. I，Phenomena

A frozen sun forevermore the same.


formicivorous

Formicivorous mammals (those which feed mainly on ants) come in all shapes and sizes […]

食蟻（即以螞蟻為主食）哺乳動物們的形態大小各異 […]

2010，Paula Hammond，Atlas of the World's Strangest Animals，頁 152:


grenade

借自法語 grenade，來自古法語 grenate，出自短語pomme grenate (“石榴”)，源自中世紀拉丁語 pomum (“蘋果”) + granatum (“有種子”)。尾音的 -d 是受到西班牙語 granada的影響，法語進而衍生出該詞。garnet 的同源對似詞。

grenades (third-person singular present)
grenading (present participle)
grenaded (past participle)

Some of the infantry got pinned down by it, and from cover kept up the battle by grenading rubble piles or any other likely spots ahead of them.

2001，Samuel Lyman Atwood Marshall，Island Victory: The Battle of Kwajalein Atoll，頁 43:

They advanced after grenading the next traverse, much like the British did.

2015，Gordon L. Rottman，The Hand Grenade，頁 46:


handsome

繼承自中古英語 handsum、hondsom，等同於hand + -some。對照荷蘭語 handzaam、德國低地德語 handsaam。原意是指「容易處理和使用」，因此便出現了「合適的」和「靈巧的，聰明的」等含義（16世紀中期），並產生了表示欣賞的現代化含義（16世紀晚期）。

more handsome (comparative)
handsomer (comparative)
most handsome (superlative)
handsomest (superlative)

外表英俊、帥氣、有吸引力，好看

On the opposite side of the street, on the corner, is the city hall, a very handsome building of brick and stone.

1916，On H.R. 4683, site for post-office building at Chicago, Ill，頁 117:

The mother, Ekaterina Pavlovna, who at one time had been handsome, but now, asthmatic, depressed, vague, and over-feeble for her years, tried to entertain me with conversation about painting. Having heard from her daughter that I might come to Shelkovka, she had hurriedly recalled two or three of my landscapes which she had seen in exhibitions in Moscow, and now asked what I meant to express by them.

1917，Anton Chekhov，譯者 Constance Garnett, The Darling and Other Stories，Project Gutenberg, →ISBN，頁 71:

Often, human mortals describe their visits to the Tuatha's [places] in similar terms: they were great bright places, occupied by exceedingly handsome men and women, that sported wonderful crystal chairs, inexhaustible supplies of mead or ale ...

2006，Richard Leviton，The Gods in Their Cities，iUniverse, →ISBN，頁 44:

That is one handsome tree you've got there.


hither

源自古英語 hider，源自原始日耳曼語 *hidrê。和拉丁語 citer 同源。

The essential Not-self could be perceived very clearly in things and in living creatures on the hither side of good and evil.

在善與惡這一邊的事物和生物中，可以非常清楚地感受到本質的非自我。

1954，Aldous Huxley，The Doors of Perception，Chatto & Windus，頁 30:


heterophobia

Taguieff writes synonimically:Template:SIC of racism and heterophobia (resentment of the different). […] Heterophobia seems to be a focused manifestation of a still wider phenomenon of anxiety aroused by the feeling that one has no control over the situation, […]

2013，Zygmunt Bauman，Modernity and the Holocaust, →ISBN，頁 116:


irrecognizable

more irrecognizable (comparative)
most irrecognizable (superlative)

/ɪˈɹɛkəɡnaɪzəbəl/

/ɪɹɪˈkɒɡnɪzəbəl/

(古舊，罕用) 難以辨認的

The immortal gods are there (quite irrecognizable under these disguises), and also the lowest broken valets.

1850，Thomas Carlyle，“The Stump Orator”, in Latter Day Pamphlets:

[T]here remains no trace of their having ever existed—outside of course of the family names which are now preserved, though some of them in an almost irrecognizable form.

1902年March15日，“Judge Endlich on Early Life in Berks”, in Reading Eagle，USA, retrieved 2010-08-26，頁 11:

The loamy ground on which I lay, the scattered fragments of the cairn beside me, and the rocks and junipers, were irrecognizable as if they had belonged to some other planet than ours.

c. 1933，Clark Ashton Smith，“The Light from Beyond”, in The White Sybil and Other Stories，第2005版，頁 142:


impression

impressions (third-person singular present)
impressioning (present participle)
impressioned (past participle)

將鑰匙胚插入鎖中，印上鎖的形狀，以方便複製鑰匙

The trick in impressioning a key is to remove only a small amount of the blank, by filing or cutting, from the pin positions where impressions have been left.

2007，Graham Pulford，High-Security Mechanical Locks: An Encyclopedic Reference，頁 55:


loofah

借自阿拉伯語 لُوفَة (lūfa)。

loofahs (third-person singular present)
loofahing (present participle)
loofahed (past participle)

And she took good care of my feet, massaging them and loofahing the calluses away.

2006，Scott Dikkers, Peter Hilleren，Destined for Destiny，頁 63:

I may have snuck in showering myself—plus shaving, loofahing, hair blow-drying, reapplying makeup, changing my outfit five times, and winding up in what I started out with.

2012，Jill Smolinski，Objects of My Affection:


lordly

繼承自中古英語 lordly、lordlich，來自古英語 hlāfordlīċ (“貴族；高貴；貴重”)，等同於lord + -ly。
副詞來自中古英語 lordly、lordely、lordliche。

lordlier (comparative)
more lordly (comparative)
lordliest (superlative)
most lordly (superlative)

Show us your lordly might: demonstrate that you can order people and get them to obey.

向我们展现您的威严：证明您可以命令人民并让他们服从。

But they are the peers of the Queensland Parliament, and, having no lordly robes, must approach the Old Country model as closely as possible.

1880，John Nichols，The Gentleman’s Magazine，卷 248，頁 60:

[I]n that some form of duty and sacrifice (here, participation in the 1848 Revolution and a recognition of his lordly duty) is not only beneficially character-forming but also leads ultimately to a condition which is 'sublime'.

2006，Steve Wharton，Screening Reality，頁 104:

Samson, in reply to this, says, “If you are not lordly, nor value your lordly title, as you tell me, and I trust in truth and sincerity, shall I call you a phoenix?

2011，Thomas Smith, C. Matthew McMahon, Therese B. McMahon，Select Memoirs of the English and Scottish Divines，頁 282:

[H]e's still got his lordly habits, and more so since coming out of the war as a general.' 'A colonel, Sammy,' said Rachel. 'Same thing, good as,' said Sammy. 'Boots, of course, does wear his lordly crown with style,' said Rachel. 'Don't I know it?

2011，Mary Jane Staples，Appointment at the Palace: An Adams Family Saga Novel，頁 275:


ling

借自中古英語 lyng，借自古諾爾斯語 lyng。

任何一種杜鵑花科植物
帚石楠（Calluna vulgaris）

I was sitting by a path on a tussock between some bushes, whence I could overlook the path and a little valley to which it led down, and where nothing but ling and heather grew.

我坐在灌木丛间的一条小路边，俯瞰着小路延伸至的一个小山谷，那里除了石楠什么也没有。

1886，Peter Christen Asbjørnsen，譯者 H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales，頁 28:

Partridges, enjoying their last weeks of security, rose whirring and clattering from among the ling.

鹧鸪正享受着最后几周的安全时光，它们从石楠丛中呼呼作响地飞起。

1931，Dorothy L. Sayers，The Five Red Herrings:


lief

繼承自中古英語 lef、leve、leef，繼承自古英語 lēof，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *leub，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *leubaz。
同源詞包括薩特弗里斯蘭語 ljo、ljoo、西弗里斯蘭語 leaf、荷蘭語 lief、德國低地德語 leev、德語 lieb、瑞典語、新挪威語 ljuv、哥特語 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍃 (liufs)、俄語 любо́вь (ljubóvʹ)、波蘭語 luby。
副詞可對比德語 lieber、荷蘭語 liever (“寧願，更喜歡”)。

liefer (comparative)
liever (comparative)
liefest (superlative)

I'd as lief have one as t'other.

As far as physiognomy goes, the winners protest that they would as lief have foregone the double points, and the money.

1826，Thomas Byerly, John Timbs，The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction:

these great masters of the art, who would far liefer see us little ones practice it, than themselves engage [...].

1869，RD Blackmoore，Lorna Doone, section II:

Since sware the Parcæ unto me, their friend, / they shall adore my name, my favour prize; / and, as their feats of armèd prowess shend / all feats of rival Rome, I lief devise / some mode of aidance in what things I may, / far as our force o'er man extendeth sway.

1880，Richard Francis Burton，Os Lusíadas，卷 II，頁 339:

I'd as lief put on my hat and cane and help you if you think they'll be too heavy.

1902，Josephine Spenser，Corner in Chrysanthemums:


mixologist

bartender

調酒師 （自1856年）

調酒師 （自1856年）

By the way, the difference between a bartender and a mixologist can be confusing, but normally a bartender serves the patrons at a sit-down style bar, where a mixologist would usually work at a very busy service-style bar.

1999，Bob Emmons，The Book of Gins and Vodkas: A Complete Guide，頁 63:

But now we see a split in the mixed-drink community. On one hand, cool bars and star mixologists are lauded and awarded as never before. On the other, booze brands are rushing to develop pre-mixed beverages for a burgeoning Ready to Drink (RTD) market.

2022年July4日，Ben Schott，“Is There Anything That Gen Z Won’t Drink?”, in The Washington Post:


kvass

借自俄語 квас (kvas)。

She […] talked constantly, mostly of her childhood, the young ladies’ school she had attended, and the pleasures of Kiev in the summertime.
“Days are long and hot, but nights are languorous and starlit. People refresh themselves in their flower gardens and some walk in the parks, drink kvass and lemonade, and listen to the symphonies […]”

她滔滔不绝地说着，话题多是她的童年时光、曾就读的女子学校，以及基辅夏日的欢愉。
“白昼漫长炎热，夜晚却慵懒而星光璀璨。人们在自家花园纳凉，或漫步公园，饮着克瓦斯与柠檬水，聆听着交响乐……”

1966，Bernard Malamud，章號 2, in The Fixer:


Nietzsche

尼采，源自德語的姓氏，因德國哲學家弗里德里希·威廉·尼采（Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche，1844–1900）聞名

You would not like Nietzsche, sir. He is fundamentally unsound.

你不會喜歡尼采的，先生。他根本就有病。


masseuse

He was a great masseuse.

2003，Helena B. Rich., L. C. S. W. Helena B. Rich，The Art of Masturdating: A Guidebook for Single Heterosexuals，iUniverse, →ISBN，頁 103:

He was a good masseuse, and could always make Jez relax.

他是一名出色的按摩师，总是能让杰兹放松下来。

2012，Penny Dixon，Betrayed，Troubador Publishing Ltd, →ISBN，頁 57:

Waited, got up, opened the door and saw the masseuse playing backgammon. Told him I was ready, didn't know what for. He waved me away, and I returned to the slab. By the time he came in, a mustached masseuse was sponging down a German woman on the opposite side of the marble; her husband sat on the perimeter watching (this was not a traditional hamam).

1998，Bad Subjects Production Team，Bad Subjects: Political Education for Everyday Life，NYU Press, →ISBN:

Just less than a week ago, he'd said he'd tell Peter's parents, his school, the press, that Peter was an erotic masseuse.
就在不到一周前，他说他会告诉彼得的父母、学校和媒体，彼得是一名色情按摩师。

year unknown, Jamie Lake, BOOK 4 - Bad Boy: Naughty at Night: Bad Boy | Gay Romance MM Boyfriend Series, Jamie Lake

In most massages, both the male masseuse and the female client are naked and the focus is on erogenous zones.

在大多数按摩中，男按摩师和女顾客都是裸体的，按摩的重点是性感区。

2011，Mark D West，Lovesick Japan: Sex Marriage, Romance, Law，頁 152:


maidenhead

maydenhead (alternative)
maidenheads (plural)

Put in but little Silver or Gold, for if you do, you quite spoil the Compoſition ; but inſtead thereof, add of Tradeſmens Bills for Cloaths, to the Value of 100 l. [¶] Laſtly, Take away the Girl's Maidenhead, and then the Compoſition is fit for Uſe.

1713，Sir John Willes，The Speech that was Intended to Have Been Spoken by the Terræ-Filius: In the Theatre at O----d, July 13, 1713, Had Not His Mouth Been Stopp'd by the V. Ch------r:

Gallants, a bashful poet bids me say,
He's come to lose his maidenhead to-day.
Be not too fierce; for he's but green of age,
And ne'er, till now, debauch'd upon the stage.

1760，John Dryden，The Miscellaneous Works: Containing All His Original Poems, Tales, and Translations，頁 367:

My lord,[…]/ I brought you nothing else it may be said / But faith and nakedness and maidenhead.

1951，Geoffrey Chaucer，Nevill Coghill, transl.，The Canterbury Tales: Translated into Modern English (Penguin Classics)，Penguin Books, 出版於 1977，頁 363:

She prayed to Pallas, and by her help escaped from him in the form of a crow, rejoicing more to keep her maidenhead white under the blackness of the feathers than to lose it and be adorned with the fairest pearls.

1900，John Gower，The English Works of John Gower:

So the reference to the plucking of the ginger flower is again an indirect allusion to the taking of the girl's maidenhead .

1995，Ruth H. Finnegan，Margaret Orbell，Reader in Maori Head of Department of Maori Margaret Orbell，South Pacific Oral Traditions，Indiana University Press, →ISBN，頁 70:

The gender reversals that pervade this play continue mischievously in the man's maidenhead being the undisclosed secret.

2004，Yu Jin Ko，Mutability and Division on Shakespeare's Stage，頁 70:

“[…] He said that Katheryn told him he should have her maidenhead, though it be painful to her. I told him to be gone with his empty promises of marriage. But I doubt not that Mr. Mannox has known her intimately.”

2004，Margaret Doner，Merlin's Handbook for Seekers and Starseeds，iUniverse, →ISBN，頁 94:

[…] a young virgin makes an even trade of her maidenhead for a hat that she desires. She negotiates with the haberdasher, who originally stipulated for her maidenhead plus a crown […]

2006，C. Harol，Enlightened Virginity in Eighteenth-Century Literature，Springer, →ISBN，頁 87:

The penis imagery becomes apparent: the nails are 'blunt' and 'large', designed to push through the fair skin in body parts (feet, hands) that had earlier been described in erotically-charged language. As if losing his maidenhead, Christ's body 'bursts' when entered, bringing forth a gush of blood that mars his white (womanly) skin.

2009，The Milieu and Context of the Wooing Group，頁 141:

Almost immediately afterwards, Scanlan discovered that the marriage was legal; Ellie was his wife. He began to feel that he had paid an exceptionally high price for his maidenhead.


mailman

"What I'm thinking," she said, "is that I'll become a mailman. They're hiring women mailmen now, you know. [...]"

“我在想，”她说，“我要去当个邮差。现在他们也开始招女邮差了，你知道吧。……”

1974，Ella Leffland，Love Out of Season，頁 364:


mayonnaise

非同化借詞，源自法語 mayonnaise，可能以梅諾卡島的 Maó (西班牙語為 Mahón) 市命名，該食譜就是從那裡傳回法國的。對比西班牙語 mahonesa。其他建議的起源包括貝雲市（bayonnaise）；馬耶訥公爵和法語中的單字 manier (“處理”) 或古法語中的 moyeu（即蛋黃）。

Mayonnaise (alternative)
mayonnaises (third-person singular present)
mayonnaising (present participle)
mayonnaised (past participle)

Jones himself presided in the kitchen, mincing truffles, mayonnaising lobster, booting waiters out the door with tray after tray of steaming savories and teeth-numbing sweets, […]

瓊斯親自在廚房主持，切碎松露，用蛋黃醬給龍蝦調味，用一盤又一盤熱氣騰騰的美味佳餚和麻木牙齒的甜點把服務員趕出門，[…]

I thought of mayonnaising her racket handle or substituting it for sunblock, but decided against it.

我曾想過給她的球拍柄塗上蛋黃醬或用防曬霜代替，但最終決定不這麼做。

2009，David Galef，How to Cope With Suburban Stress:


monstrous

繼承自中古英語 monstrous，來自古法語 monstrueuse、monstrüos，來自拉丁語 mōnstrōsus。對照monstruous。

more monstrous (comparative)
most monstrous (superlative)

He, therefore, that refuses to do good to them whom he is bound to love […] is unnatural and monstrous in his affections.

1650，Jeremy Taylor，The rule and exercises of holy living:


percolator

She heard the percolator bell ring.

1986，David Leavitt，The Lost Language of Cranes，第paperback版, Penguin，頁 176:


oftentimes

繼承自中古英語 oftentymes；等價於 oftentime + -s。對照 oftentime。

But because this is oftentimes dangerous, and much hurt hath been received thereby through casualty of fire, I advise the sticking four stakes into the earth, at least five feet above the ground […]

但由於這樣做常常很危險，而且火災造成的傷亡也很大，我建議在離地面至少五英尺的地方插上四根木樁 […]

1804，Robert Wissett，On the Cultivation and Preparation of Hemp:

Pique and linen also accented several coats and oftentimes were both detachable and formed an overcollar covering a collar made from the coat fabric.

凸紋布和亞麻布也是多款外套的特色，而且通常都是可拆卸的，並形成一個外領，覆蓋由外套面料製成的衣領。

1967，Ann Helen Stroup，An Investigation of the Dress of American Children from 1930 Through 1941 with Emphasis on Factors Influencing Change，頁 195:

Over the past decade, the very nature of organized crime has changed, with many groups diversifying their income beyond drug trafficking, and large cartels splintering into smaller, oftentimes more nimble groups.

在過去十年中，有組織犯罪的本質發生了變化，許多犯罪集團的收入來源除了販毒外還變得多元化，大型犯罪集團分裂成規模較小、往往更靈活的團體。

2023年January10日，Whitney Eulich, America Armenta，“Mexico arrests son of ‘El Chapo’: Why don’t citizens feel safer?”, in The Christian Science Monitor:


perforce

源自中古英語 par force，源自盎格魯-諾曼語，源自古法語 par force (“強迫”)。

"Keep fast thy hold, for by such stairs as these,"
The Master said, panting as one fatigued,
"Must we perforce depart from so much evil."

1882，Henry Wadsworth Longfellow，Inferno, canto 34:

So, bevelling around by Mullett's and the Signal House which they shortly reached, they proceeded perforce in the direction of Amiens street railway terminus

1922 February，James Joyce，“[Episode 16]”, in Ulysses，Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

Accordingly work perforce had to be begun. The first sod was cut at Anley, near Settle, in November, 1869, [...].

1939 July，John D. Hewitt，“Some Notable British Main Lines: 1. Settle and Carlisle, L.M.S.R.”, in Railway Magazine，頁 35:

Adult immigrants must perforce learn some English, and their children are likely to become English monolinguals.

2006，Alejandro Portes, Rubén G. Rumbaut，Immigrant America: A Portrait，第3rd版，頁 239:

The central issue in this case is whether the procedures followed respected the applicants’ family life or constituted an interference with the exercise of the right to respect for family life which could not be justified as necessary in a democratic society. […] It is true that Article 8 contains no explicit procedural requirements, but this is not conclusive of the matter. The relevant considerations to be weighed by a local authority in reaching decisions on children in its care must perforce include the views and interests of the natural parents.

2013年August1日，European Court of Human Rights，A.K. and L. v. Croatia，期 37956/11, marginal 62–63:


prolactin

源自 pro- (源自古希臘語 πρό (pró，“之前”)) + lact- (lacto- 的異體，源自拉丁語 lac (“奶，如”)) + -in (-ine 的異體)。

Men get a dose of the hormone prolactin after orgasm and this acts as a sedative.

男性在性高潮后会分泌一定剂量的催乳素，这种激素具有镇静作用。


ode

來自中古法語 ode，來自晚期拉丁語 ōda，來自古希臘語 ᾠδή (ōidḗ，“歌”)。Aoede 的同源對似詞。

[標題]

write an ode to someone


prong

來自中古英語 pronge，可能來自中古低地德語 prange (“棍子，約束裝置”)，來自prangen (“按，捏”)，來自古撒克遜語 *prangan，來自原始西日耳曼語 *prangan，來自原始日耳曼語 *pranganą (“壓”)，來自原始印歐語 *(s)preng- (“包裹，限制”)。
與立陶宛語 spriñgti (“窒息或阻塞”)、拉脫維亞語 sprañgât (“繩索，限制”)、古希臘語 σπαργανόω (sparganóō，“用襁褓包裹”)、σπάργανον (spárganon，“襁褓”)同族。參見prank、prance、prink。

One look at that lifeguard's prong gave me a throbber like a baseball bat — not quite that big, of course, but at least that hard!

我看了一眼那救生員的硬屌，看起來就像打棒球的棒子——不算很大，但至少很硬！

Hang on... That looks like... No, it can't be. Is that my wang!? Micky Paintbrush, have you painted my papal prong on that nudy man!?

2008, Andy Zaltzman on The Bugle podcast, episode 34, You Will Know Us By Our Knobbly Fruit.


outhouse

繼承自中古英語 outhous，等價於 out- + house。對照古諾爾斯語 úthús。

outhouses (third-person singular present)
outhousing (present participle)
outhoused (past participle)

In our discussion of outhousing we have tried to take into account the inconvenience to users as well as the potential savings in costs.

1969, Great Britain. National Libraries Committee, Frederick Sydney Dainton, Report of the National Libraries Committee (page 85)

The Information Department is outhoused but there are operational reasons for this and it would, in any case, be physically impossible to house the staff of the Department in the main building.

1975，Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons，Sessional Papers，卷 28，頁 38:


ptomaine

源自法語 ptomaïne，再源自意大利語 ptomaina，最終來自古希臘語 πτῶμα (ptôma，“屍體”)。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ptomaine.wav

"There have been cases of ptomaine poisoning from them, haven't there? Mr. Abbott put on a horrified expression.

1940，Agatha Christie，Sad Cypress: A Poirot Mystery，頁 92:

You remember Leonard Skinner. He got ptomaine poisoning last night after dinner.

1963 , Allan Sherman, ‘’Hello Muddah, Hello Fadduh (A Letter from Camp)

That is the place to find the kinds of shikses Who Will Do Anything! If only a person is willing to risk polio from the pool, gangrene from the footbath, ptomaine from the hot dogs, and elephantiasis from the soap and the towels, he might possibly get laid.

1969，Philip Roth，Portnoy’s Complaint，New York: Vintage, 出版於 1994，頁 165:

Sandwiches arrived from outside, strange granular bread, the butter on it liquid, some sort of beige meat paste that hinted at ptomaine.


politically

more politically (comparative)
most politically (superlative)

politically insensitive

a politically-charged speech

Although politically he claims to be a Democrat, his actions are more Republican.

尽管在政治上他自称是民主党人，但他的行动更像共和党人。

Nevertheless intellectually, ideologically and politically he identified with industrialists whom he, just like Smith, saw as the usherers of progress.

然而，从思想、意识形态和政治角度来说，他认同工业家，就像史密斯一样，他视工业家为进步的引领者。

2002，Yanis Varoufakis，Foundations of Economics: A Beginner's Companion，頁 25:


register

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tə/

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tɚ/

When the microprocessor decodes the JSR opcode, it stores the operand into the TEMP register and pushes the current contents of the PC ($00 0128) onto the stack.

當微處理器解碼 JSR 操作碼時，會將操作碼儲存到 TEMP 暫存器，並將 PC 的目前內容 ($00 0128) 推入堆疊。

1992，Michael A. Miller，The 68000 Microprocessor Family: Architecture, Programming, and Applications，頁 47:

If you can trace back through the disassembly to where the variable is first loaded into a register, you can often discover its value or its address by inspecting that register.

2014，Jason Gregory，Game Engine Architecture, Second Edition，頁 90:


rooftop

there may be snow on the rooftop but there is fire in the furnace

Why do you think the rooftop of their apartment building is called "tar beach"? (Answers may vary.)

1993，Liz Rothlein，Multicultural Books for Primary Grades:

Riding the District west of Hammersmith, you immediately know something exciting is coming up, because at Ravenscourt Park you are level with the rooftops.

2012，Andrew Martin，Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube，Profile Books, ISBN 978-1846684777，頁s 79–80:

The house itself was a mound of red baked bricks and a tin rooftop.

2012，Ernest Alanki，The Chocolate Shop Perverts:


ponytail

The physician should evaluate for a history of tight ponytails, buns, chignons, braids, twists, weaves, cornrows, dreadlocks, sisterlocks, and hair wefts in addition to the usage of religious hair coverings.

醫生應評估患者是否有綁緊馬尾、髮髻、髮髻、辮子、扭紋、編織、玉米辮、髒辮、姊妹鎖和髮束的歷史，以及是否使用過宗教頭飾。

2021，Becky S. Li, Howard I. Maibach，Ethnic Skin and Hair and Other Cultural Considerations，頁 154:


ponytail

ponytails (third-person singular present)
ponytailing (present participle)
ponytailed (past participle)

“Don't mention it,” she said, ponytailing her hair and then sockbunning it with amazing speed.

「別客氣，」她說道，一邊把頭髮紮成馬尾辮，一邊以驚人的速度把頭髮紮成髮髻。


pope

源自中古英語 pope，popa，源自古英語 pāpa，源自通俗拉丁語 papa (牧師和主教的頭銜，到 8 世紀只有羅馬主教)，源自早期中古希臘語 παπᾶς (papâs，牧師和主教的頭銜，尤其是公元 3 世紀的亞歷山大主教)，源自後期 古希臘語 πάπας (pápas，牧師和主教的稱號，意為精神之父)，源自πάππας (páppas，“爸爸”)。

cleric

羅馬天主教羅馬主教的榮譽稱號，他是教會的神父和領袖，也是梵蒂岡城國的君主。

do not sit in Rome and strive with the Pope

在英語用法中，這個術語最初通常是指羅馬主教，儘管這個埃及頭銜實際上更為古老。在科普特教會內，亞歷山大牧首通常被稱為教皇~;在東正教內部，其獨特的亞歷山大牧首正式被稱為“亞歷山大教皇”，但通常僅在禮拜儀式和官方文件中才這樣稱呼。

羅馬天主教羅馬主教的榮譽稱號，他是教會的神父和領袖，也是梵蒂岡城國的君主。 任何類似“絕對正確”的權威。

Þa wæs in þa tid Uitalius papa þæs apostolican seðles aldorbiscop.

ante''' 950, translating Bede's Ecclesiastical History (Tanner), iv. i. 252

The Pope is not going to issue a bull condemning the Spanish Church's support of France and destroy the Church's right to exist in Spain.

1959 August 19, Flannery O'Connor, letter in Habit of Being (1980), 347

I really did want to interview the pope. Any pope. I'm not particular.

2007 May 5, Ted Koppel (guest), Wait, Wait... Don’t tell me!, National Public Radio

We often say, that every man has a pope in his belly.

我們常說，每個人的肚子裡都住著一位教宗。

1689，G. Bulkeley，“People's Right to Election”, in Andros Tracts，出版於 1869, II. 106:

Burne-Jones... accepted him [Dante Gabriel Rossetti] as the infallible Pope of Art.

Both [discoveries] were rejected offhand by the popes of the field.

Above all, the SED reformers cite the progress inherent in the emancipation of Westem Communist parties from the "red popes in the Kremlin."

最重要的是，德國統一社會黨的改革者指出，西方共產黨從克里姆林宮的"紅色教皇"手中解放出來，取得了內在的進步。

1978，Atlas World Press Review，卷 25，頁 19:

羅馬天主教羅馬主教的榮譽稱號，他是教會的神父和領袖，也是梵蒂岡城國的君主。 任何類似的宗教領袖。

In þat yle dwelleth the Pope of hire lawe, þat þei clepen lobassy.

大約1400, John Mandeville, Travels (Titus C.xvi, 1919), 205

Mufti, the Mahometan pope or chief of the religion.

穆夫提，伊斯蘭教的教宗或宗教領袖。

1787，Vincent Mignot，譯者 A. Hawkins, The history of the Turkish, or Ottoman Empire, section IV:

Although Islam has no formal hierarchy of clergy, Tantawy [Egypt's grand imam] often is called the Muslim pope.

羅馬天主教羅馬主教的榮譽稱號，他是教會的神父和領袖，也是梵蒂岡城國的君主。 英國傳統上在蓋伊福克斯日及其他時間焚燒教皇的肖像。

This is the only piece in which the author has given a hint of his religion, by ridiculing the ceremony of burning the pope, and by mentioning with some indignation the inscription […]

這是作者唯一暗示其宗教信仰的作品，他嘲笑焚燒教皇的儀式，並憤慨地提到了銘文[…]

1830，Alexander Pope，The Poetical Works of Alexander Pope，頁 xxi:

As York's succession was challenged by burning the pope, the Duke of Monmouth was again heralded in the city as a Protestant alternative.

由於約克的繼承權因焚燒教皇而受到挑戰，蒙茅斯公爵再次在該城被譽為新教徒的替代者。

2005，Gary S. De Krey，London and the Restoration, 1659–1683, →ISBN，頁 182:

早期基督教會的任何主教。

All notable Bishops were then called popes.

All Bishops in that time had the Stile of Pope given them, as now we call every one of them, My Lord.

當時所有的主教都被授予教宗的稱號，現在我們稱呼他們每一位「大人」。

1703，U. Chevreau，Hist. World, III. v. 379:

梅花鱸，一種小型歐亞淡水魚（Gymnocephalus cernua）；同屬的其他物種。

Byfleet-river, wherein are very large pikes, jack, and tench ; perch, of eighteen inches long ; good carp, large flounders, bream, roach, dace, gudgeons, popes, large chub, and eels.

弗利特河畔，有非常大的梭子魚、傑克魚和丁鯛；鱸魚，長十八吋；優質鯉魚、大比目魚、鯿魚、擬鯉、雅羅魚、鮈魚、梅花鱸、大鰱魚和鰻魚。

1792，William Augustus Osbaldiston，The British Sportsman, Or, Nobleman, Gentleman and Farmer's Dictionary of Recreation and Amusement，頁 176:

It resembles the perch (unfortunately for itself) in having a very long and prickly fin on its back, advantage of which is taken by the boys about Windsor, who are very fond of 'plugging a pope.' This operation consists in fixing a bung in the sharp spines on the poor pope's back fin, and then throwing him into the water.

它與鱸魚很相似（對它自己是不幸的），背上有一個很長且多刺的鰭，溫莎周圍的男孩們就利用了這一點，他們非常喜歡“堵住梅花鱸”。這行動包括將塞子塞進可憐的梅花鱸背鰭上的尖刺中，然後將他扔進水中。

1862，Francis T. Buckland，Curiosities of Natural History，頁 230:

Popes are caught whilst gudgeon-fishing with the red worm, but they are sometimes a great nuisance to the perch-fisher, as they take the minnow.

在用紅蟲釣魚時可以捕獲梅花鱸，但它們有時會給鱸魚捕撈者帶來很大的麻煩，因為它們會吃掉小魚。

1865年January14日，Astley H. Baldwin，“Small Fry”, in Once a Week，頁 105:

Alca genus; 6 species, including the razorbill, the penguin, the pope, and others.

Alca 屬；6 個物種，包括刀嘴海雀、企鵝、大西洋海鸚和其他物種。

1759，“Linnæus's Systema Naturæ”, in The Gentleman's Magazine，頁 456:

The Pope: This is a very singular bird; it is about the size of our widgeon, or somewhat larger, but is not quite so large as the duck: the head is large and rounded; the eyes are small, and stand forward on the head, and lower down than in the generality of birds [...]

1773，John Hill，“Alca”, in A General Natural History，卷 3，頁 442:

"About a hundred yards further North" says Troutbeck, "is a 'subterraneous' cavern called the Pope's Hole, about fifty fathoms under the ground, into which the sea flows, so called from a sort of bird which roosts in it by night, about ninety feet high above the level of the water."!! [...] It derives its name from its being a place of shelter to some puffins, vulgo "popes".

1822，George Woodley，A view of the present state of the Scilly Islands，頁s 264–5:

The Norsemen catch great numbers of these popes, parrots, or lunder, as they are variously named, and train dogs to go into the holes where the puffin has its nest, lying in it with feet in the air.

1864，Charles Issac Elton，Norway: The Road and the Fell，頁 94:

I was informed by a fisherman that there were now hundreds of gannets in the channel off Plymouth, and that he had also met with some puffins (which he called "popes")

1874，J. Van Voorst，Zoologist: A Monthly Journal of Natural History，頁 3904:

The Pope is of a bright blue round the head; on the throat it is of a fine red, and on the back of a gold green colour, it sings very finely and is the size of a canary bird.

1771，M. Bossu，Travels Through that Part of North America Formerly Called Louisiana，卷 1，頁 371:

The birds [of Louisiana] are the partridge, cardinal and pope, and a species of mocking bird, called the nightingale.

1806，Berquin-Duvallon，Travels in Louisiana and the Floridas, in the Year, 1802: Giving a Correct Picture of Those Countries，頁 122:

[...] some others, such as the crow, the heron, and the wild goose, which are found in Europe, I also observed ; but the most beautiful are the pope bird, whose head seems bound with the most bright azure blue, and the cardinal, being entirely of dazzling scarlet [...]

1821，Édouard de Montulé，A Voyage to North America, and the West Indies in 1817，頁 54:

From the sketch of the bird which you have sent us, there is no doubt about its being the Pope Grosbeak, which is a species of the Cardinal, but not the crested one.

1864年August6日，The Journal of Horticulture, Cottage Gardener, and Country Gentleman，頁 100:

The Pope is a native of Brazil, and the female (it is altogether incongrouous to think of a lady pontiff) exactly resembles her mate.

1883，William Thomas Greene，The amateur's aviary of foreign birds: or, How to keep and breed foreign birds，頁 96:

SIR,—I should be glad to learn how to treat Pope birds (Crestless Cardinals) when nesting.

1895，A. A. Thom，“Dominican cardinals”, in The Avicultural Magazine，頁 128:

Besides the Bicheno's Finches in this Class, the judge disqualified, in other Classes, a pair of Magpie Mannikins and a pair of Popes. These entries were presumably all disqualified on the ground that they were not true pairs: they are all birds in which the outward differences between the sexes (if there be any outward difference at all) are of an extremely slight and uncertain nature.

The wisest plan is always to keep the Pope Cardinal in an aviary, and to have only one pair to each aviary.

1956，Foreign birds for cage and aviary，卷 4，頁 20:


pope

Pope (alternative)
popes (third-person singular present)
poping (present participle)
poped (past participle)

Paul popith Jolyly, that woll desire the worlde to pray for the kinges apeyrement.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1537, T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman, Life & Lett. Cromwell (1902), II. 89

Vrban the eight, that now Popeth it.

1624，R. Montagu，Gagg for New Gospell?, xiii. 95:

He would pope it in his own way, God guiding him.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

I saw where the Pope poped and where the pigeons flocked. Pretty interesting if you're Catholic and like pigeons.
（請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

1989 September 24, Los Angeles Times, iii. 22/1


pope

與 bishop (“熱紅酒和香料酒”)類似。

任何被認為與主教酒相似且更勝一籌的熱紅酒（傳統上包括託卡伊酒）。

When made with Burgundy or Bordeaux, the mixture was called Bishop; when with old Rhenish, its name was Cardinal; and when with Tokay, it was dignified with the title of Pope.

1855，C. W. Johnson，Farmer's & Planter's Encycl. Rural Affairs，出版於 1157, section 1:

‘Pope’, i.e. mulled burgundy, is Antichristian, from no mere Protestant point of view.

1920，G. Saintsbury，Notes on Cellar-bk., xi. 162:

Pope, a spiced drink made from tokay..., ginger, honey and roasted orange.

1965，O. A. Mendelsohn，Dict. Drink, section 264:

Many of these hot drinks have clerical names—Bishop being a type of mulled port, Cardinal using claret, and Pope Champagne.


pope

源自俄語 поп (pop)，源自古教會斯拉夫語 попъ (popŭ)，源自 中古希臘語 παπᾶς (papâs) 如上所述。

pop的另一種寫法，一名俄羅斯東正教牧師。

The other Ecclesiastical Orders are distinguish'd into Proto-popes, Popes, (or Priests) and Deacons.

1662，A. Olearius，譯者 J. Davies, Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors, section 139:

Every priest is called pope, which implies father.

1756，Compend. Authentic & Entertaining Voy., V. 202:

In the non-Roman rites diocesan priests are often referred to as popes.

1996 September 20, Daily Telegraph, 25/5


pope

The Whipperwill has so named itself by its nocturnal songs. It is also called the pope, by reason of its darting with great swiftness, from the clouds almost to the ground, and bawling out Pope!

1781，S. Peters，Gen. Hist. Connecticut, section 257:

Common Nighthawk... Pope (Conn[ecticut]. From the sound made by its wings while dropping through the air).

1956，Massachusetts Audubon Soc. Bull., 40 81:


blasphemy

繼承自中古英語 blasfemye，來自古法語 blasfemie，來自教會拉丁語 blasphēmia，來自古希臘語 βλασφημία (blasphēmía，“褻瀆”)，來自βλασφημέω (blasphēméō，“誹謗”)。

That imam said that drawing the prophet Muhammad is a form of blasphemy.

那名伊瑪目稱，描繪穆罕穆德的樣子是一種褻瀆。

Had God cancelled His everlasting Covenant with Israel? The mere thought was blasphemy! But what did God's silence and the present dark cloud mean?

1920，John Rougier Cohu，The Bible and Modern Thought，頁 325:

Look, I don't think it ought to be blasphemy, just saying "Jehovah".

你看，他只是說了“耶和華”而已，我不覺得他是要褻瀆。

1979，Monty Python's Life of Brian，spoken by Matthias (John Young):

Shepard: What happened to those other Alliance officers? The ones who came before me?
Major Kyle: They wanted to take me away from here! They wanted me to abandon this place. Turn my back on my family. They spoke blasphemy!
Major Kyle: I did what I could to make their end quick and painless. I had no other choice. It was necessary to protect my children. Only I can keep them safe.

2008，BioWare，Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC，幕：Presrop:

The fundamentalists in that religion hold that such views are blasphemy and that religion is above criticism.

2009，Francis，Business Ethics，Tata McGraw-Hill Education, →ISBN，頁 139:

對不可侵犯事物的不敬行為

Some historical information is given on the Panormo family of guitar makers and a whole chapter is called, "Maccaferri's 'Monstrosity'," the name given Julian's Maccaferri guitar due to the blasphemy of its having more than six strings, […]

1999，American Lutherie: The Quarterly Journal of the Guild of American Luthiers:

The market has responded well to this type of packaging [wine in cardboard containers], even if some consider it near blasphemy, and it has had a role in bringing wine to the younger generation and to social classes intimidated by the high price of many bottled products.

2004，Touring Club of Italy，The Italian Wine Guide: The Definitive Guide to Touring, Sourcing and Tasting，Touring Editore, →ISBN，頁 149:

I know this is utter blasphemy and completely incomprehensible to developers and power users who love their keyboard shortcuts, but some people just love having buttons on their screens with the exact name of their function written on them.

2015，Benjamin V. Root，Interactive Applications Using Matplotlib，Packt Publishing Ltd, →ISBN，頁 89:


bareback

一種被作為肉類的鳥，沒有羽毛

Buyers discount many broiler flocks by from one to five cents a pound due to barebacks, but the loss to the industry does not end there. Barebacked broilers slow down the pickers in the dressing plants which results in a loss in labor.


buttering

塗奶油的動作 將奶油抹在某物上

It is interesting that the sentences that Davidson uses in his arguments for events are all about genuine flesh and blood events: butterings of toast, explosions of boilers, raisings of arms, kickings of Shem and Sean and the like.

1986，R. Barcan Marcus, G. J. W. Dorn, P. Weingartner，Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science VII:


bearable

A joint cause is neither necessary nor sufficient for an effect—for example, any one of six pallbearers is a joint cause of carrying a coffin bearable by four.

2015，Andrew Chignell, Terence Cuneo, Matthew C. Halteman，Philosophy Comes to Dinner: Arguments About the Ethics of Eating:


beestings

繼承自古英語 bȳsting，派生自 bēost，源自原始西日耳曼語 *beust。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-beestings.wav

beest

動物（尤指牝牛）產後的初乳

colostrum

動物（尤指牝牛）產後的初乳

動物（尤指牝牛）產後的初乳

He took a jug of ‘beestings’ milk from the press, the milk of a cow that has recently calved, and drank it down in six big gulps.

他从榨汁机里拿出一罐“初乳”（刚产犊的母牛的奶），然后六大口喝完了。

2002，Joseph O'Connor，Star of the Sea，Vintage, 出版於 2003，頁 54:


blacks

Friends weeping, and blacks, and obsequies, and the like show death terrible.

朋友的哭泣、身着丧服、葬礼等都表明死亡是可怕的。

1625，Francis [Bacon]，“Of Death”, in The Essayes […]，第3rd版, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

that was the full time they vsed to were blackes for the death of their fathers

那是他们因父亲去世而被迫身着丧服的时候

1579，Thomas North，The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romanes:


pitching

All this testifies to that yearning for green fields and rural sports which a life amidst bricks, pavements and pitching-stones


player

源自中古英語 pleyer、playere，源自古英語 pleġere (“遊戲者，玩家，運動員，摔角手”)，等於 play + -er。

參與者，參加者 參與某種性愛形式的人

He thought he could become a player, at least at the state level.

他認為自己可以參與其中，至少在州級層面。

Decision realities research recognizes the occupational tribalism identified in occupational realities research, but goes further by paying attention to all the players – patients and lay caregivers included – who participate in negotiating care.

2011，Suzanne Shale，Moral Leadership in Medicine，頁 239:

Another Bush — George W.’s brother Jeb — is likely to be a big player in the Republican Party’s future.

2012年November7日，Matt Bai，“Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times:

As the biggest rail player, Network Rail was usually held accountable for failings, but had no authority to change anything to solve the problems. The DfT had been given that authority in 2004 - but consistently ducked accountability.

2021年March10日，Nigel Harris，“It's time to get on with it!”, in RAIL，期 926，頁 3:

In this space we explored lesbian sadomasochism, met other S/M women who were serious players, had access to safe equipment and, through watching other women, learned new techniques.

1991年April22日，Wickie Stamps，“A Lesbian Looks At The GMSMA's 10ᵗʰ Anniversary Celebration”, in Gay Community News，頁 11:


sanguinary

more sanguinary (comparative)
most sanguinary (superlative)

/ˈsæŋɡwɪnəɹi/

Passion […] makes us brutal and sanguinary.

"The defence set up for Mahomet is equally availing for every sanguinary and revengeful tyrant; […]"

1877，Samuel Green，The Life of Mahomet: Founder of the Religion of Islamism and of the Empire of the Saracens with Notices of the History of Islamism and of Arabia，頁 126:

I was once, I remember, called to a patient who had received a violent contusion in his tibia, by which the exterior cutis was lacerated, so that there was a profuse sanguinary discharge […]

1749，Henry Fielding，The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史]，卷 (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

Here is the premeditation, the thrill, the strain of accumulating victory or disaster—and no smashed nor sanguinary bodies […], that we who are old enough to remember a real modern war know to be the reality of belligerence.

1913，H. G. Wells，Little Wars, Section VI:

We reached the Point just as a flood of sunset light was dripping from the heavens, staining the lagoon an ominous, sanguinary hue.

1929，Robert Dean Frisbee，The Book of Puka-Puka，Eland, 出版於 2019，頁 117:


OMG

這是oh my God的縮寫，儘管有時為了避免冒犯而使用委婉語來解釋。在首次出現時，這也是對聖米迦勒及聖喬治勳章（Order of St Michael and St George）的雙關語參考。

/ˌəʊ.ɛmˈd͡ʒiː/

/ˌoʊ.ɛmˈd͡ʒiː/

由於提及了上帝，OMG可能會被一些人認為具有冒犯性，儘管可以聲稱用意是委婉語，例如oh my gosh或oh my goodness，以減少冒犯。

OMG, I just won tickets to a concert! Today is the best day ever!

天哪，我刚刚赢了一张音乐会的门票！今天是我人生中最美好的一天！

…and then he said I was ugly, so I punched him in the face. — OMG, really?

……然后他说我醜，所以我就给了他的脸一拳。——天哪，真的吗？

I hear that a new order of Knighthood is on the tapis—O.M.G. (Oh! My God!)—Shower it on the Admiralty!!

1917年September9日，John A.F. Fisher，letter to Winston Churchill:

10 Bands, 50 bands, 100 bands, fuck it, man / Let's just not even discuss it, man / OMG, niggas sleep, I ain't trippin', I'ma let 'em sleep

2015，“10 Bands”, in If You’re Reading This It’s Too Late，演出者 Drake:


panentheism

借自德語 Panentheismus，1828年由卡尔·克里斯蒂安·弗里德里希·克劳泽所創造，借用古希臘語 πᾶν ἐν θεῷ (pân en theôi，“所有的神”)加上 + -ismus (“表示主義的後綴”)而成。

pan-en-theism (alternative)
Panentheism (alternative)
Pan-en-theism (alternative)

The third great age of humanity (das Reifalter) is that in which all its powers are fully and harmoniously developed... and in which panentheism is universally and cordially accepted as the only true and adequate doctrine either of science or of society.

1874，Robert Flint，The Philosophy of History in France and Germany，頁 484:

Pantheism or panentheism... is condemned by the Church, as well as by the teachings of Schopenhauer and of the modern Hartmann.

1895，Benito Pérez Galdós，Doña perfecta，頁 84:

This panentheistic doctrine contains all of deism and pandeism except their arbitrary negations. Thus ARCW, or absolute-relative panentheism, is the one doctrine that really states the whole of what all theists, if not all atheists as well, are implicitly talking about.

1964，Charles Hartshorne，Man's Vision of God and the Logic of Theism，頁 348:


rent boy

Francis Urquhart: Got anything on him?
Tim Stamper: There was a whiff of scandal about ten years ago.
Francis Urquhart: Rent boy. In a train. To Red Hill. Yes. Wanted to sell his story but we bought it and hushed him up. Be ungentlemanly to bring that up. A man's private life should be private.
Tim Stamper: On the other hand, getting sucked off in second class is hardly prime ministerial behaviour.
Francis Urquhart: Yes, you have a point there.

1990，House of Cards, Season 1, Episode 4:

An Irishman came up to him, bought him a drink, asked him if he was a rent boy, and agreed to give £40 for coming back.

1992，Donald James West, Buz De Villiers，Male prostitution，頁 93:

Just then, a rent boy with perfect white teeth and a babyface flashed me one of those unforgettable Thai smiles.

2007，John Patrick，Dangerous Boys, Rent Boys，頁 12:


even number

仅按字面意思，并无比喻或俗语义；参见even、number。

If you'd come at me with even numbers, I wouldn't leave a grease spot of you.


agitator

agitant

（政治上的）煽动者，鼓动者

agitatrix

（政治上的）煽动者，鼓动者

（政治上的）煽动者，鼓动者

In addition, they kept a watch on political agitators and foreigners arriving and departing at the port.

此外，他們還監視進出港口的政治煽動者和外國人。

1998，Rajnarayan Chandavarkar，Imperial Power and Popular Politics，頁 208:


satcoms

The cost of installing a satcoms system will soon be recovered.

But no-one can dispute that satcoms make for more efficient fleet management and safer ships.

1995，Fairplay international shipping weekly:


short circuit

short circuits (third-person singular present)
short circuiting (present participle)
short circuited (past participle)

繞過一個或多個中間步驟，使進行的過程在自然結束前終止

[H]is temporarily successful attempt to smear Redfield is an effort to short-circuit the narrative into premature and mistaken resolution.

1998，Catherine Nickerson，The Web of Iniquity:

You do not need to follow your entire sales cycle if the customer wants to short-circuit it for you.

2002，Jim Kasper，Short Cycle Selling: Beating Your Competitors in the Sales Race:

My mother, determined to short-circuit my outcry, would match my objections by pointing out an inherent reward for doing such work.

2003，Gina Hens-Piazza，Nameless, Blameless, and Without Shame: Two Cannibal Mothers Before a King:

For example, to short-circuit the "LoggedIn()" or "LogIn()" "if" conditional, replace the "Or" with "OrElse" and the statement is interpreted to mean "if not logged in, then log in".

2002，Paul Kimmel，Visual Basic.Net Unleashed:

If you would like to short-circuit, you must replace "And" with the "AndAlso" keyword and "Or" with the "OrElse" keyword, as follows....

2002，Jose Mojico，C# and VB.NET Conversion Pocket Reference:

The "Demand" is done to ensure that you have indeed been granted this permission before using the "Assert" to short-circuit the stackwalk.

2006: Jay Hillard & Stephen Teilhet, C# Cookbook


injecter

[…] young people who are starting to inject or are at risk of becoming injecters; […]

2010，Rowdy Yates，Margaret S. Malloch，Tackling Addiction: Pathways to Recovery，頁 171:


anchor's aweigh

当锚被拉起并且不再锚固在船底时，对起锚命令的响应

Then the mate called again to the captain, “Anchor’s aweigh, sir!” while the men kept on heaving.

[1928] 1988, Frederick Pease Harlow, The Making of a Sailor http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&hl=en&vid=ISBN0486256138&id=maCNIgbmJMgC&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&sig=9Fd6uA0SsfwXRKuI4mZqnZokyAU

Amory’s voice came again from the fo’c’sle. ‘Anchor’s aweigh, sir.’

‘Anchor’s apeak — they pawl and back — ’ At this moment the American frigate fired a gun, dropped her topgallantsails, and sheeted them home. ‘Anchor’s aweigh,’ called Broke. ‘He plucked it up in fine style.’

1994，Patrick O'Brian，The Fortune of War:


fishhood

Petrovitch had taken and passed the astronavigation exam the exact same time Rimmer had made his claims to fishhood.

1989，Grant Naylor，Red Dwarf: Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers:


launching

Launch 指的是一個時間點上的事件。Launching 指的是一個持續性的過程。

The launching of the Titanic.

By 1940 they had conducted 25 successful launchings of A5 rockets, which reached 10 miles altitude and had a range of 12 miles.

2010，Raymond Friedman，A History of Jet Propulsion, Including Rockets，頁 123:


merchant ship

Old pirates, yes, they rob I
Sold I to the merchant ships
Minutes after they took I
From the bottomless pit.


great circle

great-circle arc

球體表面兩點間距最短的圓形的一段。

球體表面兩點間距最短的圓形的一段。

Wherever a navigator may be, it certainly would be to his advantage to be able to find the great circle, or shortest course, and the distance, to his port of destination, [....]

1902, S. L. Penfield, "Use of the Stereographic Projection for Geographical Maps and Sailing Charts", in American Journal of Science

The shortest distance between two points on an ocean Mercator chart is not a straight line - it is a curve known as a 'great circle'.

2003, Jeff Toghill, The Navigator's Handbook: Essential Methods and Equipment--and how to Use Them

Because the Earth's surface is curved, the shortest distance is actually a curve over the surface called a great circle.

2005，Phil Medina，Homework Helpers: Earth Science，頁 52:


pump room

[E]ven the German visitors at the baths honored me by drinking my health in the pump-room.

1847，Hans Christian Andersen，章號 7, in Mary Howitt（譯者）, The True Story of My Life:

In the 18th and early 19th centuries, the beautiful people came here for the season, taking the waters, meeting for tea in the Pump Room and for balls in the Assembly Rooms.

2003年August10日，Jacqueline Friedrich，“Choice Tables: Sophisticated Repasts in Bath”, in New York Times, retrieved 2012-10-09:


Galaxy

See yonder, lo, the Galaxyë / Which men clepeth the Milky Wey, / For hit is whyt.

1380，Geoffrey Chaucer，The House of Fame:

So may thy cheekes red outweare scarlet dye, / And their white, whitenesse of the Galaxie […]


tiller

In France, Europe's most fertile and cultivated land, the tillers of it suffered more and more hunger.

2000，Alasdair Gray，The Book of Prefaces，Bloomsbury, 出版於 2002，頁 63:


device driver

The identity of the device driver process is returned by the process manager to the file manager[…]

1978，Dennis M. Ritchie，Unix Time-Sharing System，頁 2064:


Eden

源自希伯來語 עֵדֶן (eden)，可能源自蘇美爾語 𒂔 (edin，“草原；花園”)。

英語姓氏，可能派生自地名

It was no good. I felt beyond all question that I was indeed Eden, not Elvesham. But Eden in Elvesham's body!

这没什么用。毫无疑问，我感觉我确实是 Eden，而不是 Elvesham。但我是 Elvesham 身体里的 Eden！

1896，H G Wells，The Story of the Late Mr. Elvesham:


floor plan

Show visitors use the showguide (with floor-plan and ads) to pre-plan their limited visiting time […]

展会观众参考会刊（含展位平面图及广告页）提前规划有限的参观时间 […]

1985，Walter S. Kelley, Henry G. Lord, Walter Bradford Guild，Textile World，卷 135，頁 57:


uninterruptible power supply

Examples of emergency power supplies include a storage battery or group of batteries, a generator driven by a fuel-supplied prime mover, or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) […].

2009，Geoff Craighead，High-Rise Security and Fire Life Safety，頁 357:

This upgrade comes after the installation of a $50,000 uninterruptible power supply system to compliment the facilities independent power supply.


Kultur

kultur的另一種拼寫法

The bestialization produced by war and militant patriotism came openly to the front with all the horrors of savagery, rapine, deportation, atrocities, and the inhuman slaughter of millions of human beings for the glory of the Fatherland and Kultur and for "the making of the world fit for Democracy."

1919，Boris Sidis，The Source and Aim of Human Progress:


Kaiser

繼承自中古英語 kayser，源自古高地德語 keisar (“皇帝”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *kaisar，源自原始日耳曼語 *kaisaraz。原始日耳曼語派生至古英語的詞彙是 cāser (“皇帝”)，但從中古英語 kayser (“皇帝”) 的詞形（而不是預期的 *caser、*coser）可以推斷出這個詞是後來從另一種日耳曼語言借來的，並非源自古英語的繼承詞；而現代英語的拼字和意義也似乎是受到現代德語影響而修改的，不是中古英語的直接延續。對照從斯拉夫語族借入的同源對似詞 tsar。

任何皇帝或獨裁者，或試圖成為皇帝或獨裁者的人

And Black Ivo is a veritable Kaiser.

而黑伊沃則是名副其實的皇帝。

[…] that President Poincare, the first servant of France, is still Louis XIV, the former War-Lord, the Kaiser of France […]

Senator Sherman vigorously assailed the Shantung agreement, declaring that it would make the Mikado a veritable Kaiser of the Far East and alienate the sympathies of the 400,000,000 Chinese – from the people of the United States.

謝爾曼參議員猛烈抨擊山東協議，宣稱這將使天皇成為名副其實的遠東皇帝，並使四億中國人對美國人民失去同情。

1919，Far Eastern Political Science Review - Volume 1，頁 49:

[…] which，from the banking point of view, the National City Bank is a veritable kaiser.

從銀行業的角度來看，國家城市銀行是名副其實的皇帝。


agrafe

衣服上的搭扣、鉤子、夾子

The belt was of gold, confined by a diamond agrafe.


ammoniacal

A quick scent, sweet and ammoniacal, rose from her pubis.

一股甜甜的、氨水般的气味迅速从她的耻骨上飘出。

2000，JG Ballard，Super-Cannes，Fourth Estate, 出版於 2011，頁 231:


sorrow

繼承自中古英語 sorow、sorwe、sorghe、sorȝe，繼承自古英語 sorg、sorh (“关心、焦虑、悲痛”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *sorgu，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *surgō（對比西弗里斯蘭語 soarch、荷蘭語 zorg、德語 Sorge、丹麥語、瑞典語和挪威語 sorg），源自原始印歐語 *swergʰ- (“看管、担心；生病、受苦”)（對比古愛爾蘭語 serg (“疾病”)、吐火羅語B sark (“疾病”)、立陶宛語 sirgti (“生病”)、梵語 सूर्क्षति (sū́rkṣati，“擔心”)）。雖然意思和詞形上和 sorry、sore 相似，詞源上和這兩者並無關聯。

sorrows (third-person singular present)
sorrowing (present participle)
sorrowed (past participle)

‘Sorrow not, sir,’ says he, ‘like those without hope.’

他说：“先生，不要像那些没有希望的人那样悲伤。”

1749，Henry Fielding，Tom Jones，Folio Society, 出版於 1973，頁 424:

When, as sometimes happens, a lad dies from the effect of the operation, he is buried secretly in the forest, and his sorrowing mother is told that the monster has a pig's stomach as well as a human stomach, and that unfortunately her son slipped into the wrong stomach.

有时，如果一个小伙子因手术后遗症而死，人们就会把他秘密地埋在森林里，并告诉他悲痛的母亲，这个怪物既有人的胃，又有猪的胃，不幸的是，她的儿子掉进了错误的胃里。

1911，James George Frazer，The Golden Bough，卷 11，頁 241:


Columbus

借自拉丁語 columbus (“鴿子”)。Colombo 的同源對似詞。動詞指的是這位意大利探險家的行為。

Columbuses (third-person singular present)
Columbusing (present participle)
Columbused (past participle)

"But, boy the powers of mud, I belayve you fellers mane to make an indepindint cruise in the Orient, and go Columbusing all over the ocean boy the way ye's talk!"

1893，American Boys Afloat: Or, Cruising in the Orient，頁 150:

Callous as the old mummy was about anything and everything save his pet hobby, archaeology, he would sit up and take notice of such a vision ; and Peter felt that, having Columbused the discovery, he had the better right to it.

To the west of the river lay the country in which I went Columbusing — the enchanted desert whose southern boundary was where the sky reached down and merged with the earth curve, and whose northern limit was the Harqua Hala range […]

No street car line passes it, so you'll have to do a little Columbusing on your own account-to find it-—but it's worth discovering, and President Gardner's phophecy sounds conservative.


Dionysus

通过拉丁語 Dionȳsus，源自古希臘語 Διόνῡσος (Diónūsos)。

All hail slain and risen God / All hail Dionysus / Come blessed Dionysus, various nam'd, bull-fac'd / Begot from the thunder, Bacchus fam'd


Lettland

[…] homestead of this nation is not the whole of Livonia, but only a part of which is called Lettland; […]

1800，William Tools，View of the Russian Empire:

The Government of Lettland since July 1 last pays a bonus on farm tractors put into service in that country […]


Mahdi

借自阿拉伯語 مَهْدِيّ (mahdiyy，“...”)。

馬赫迪 (伊斯蘭教的救世主)

Ahmadis consider Mirza Ghulam Ahmed to be the Mahdi.

"Of course, my Lord. You asked what they were shouting, though. It was Mahdi! They directed the term at the young master. When they-"
"At Paul?"
"Yes, my Lord. They've a legend here, a prophecy, that a leader will come to them, a child of a Bene Gesserit, to lead them to true freedom. It follows the familiar messiah pattern."

1965，Frank Herbert，Dune (Fiction), →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL，頁s 100–101:

Al-Afghani was a polyglot Persian who became an international agitator, aspiring [...] to unify the Muslim masses behind the Caliph (or even the Mahdi) and to become himself the Luther of an Islamic reformation.

2012，Piers Brendon, ‘Beginning the Dissent’，Literary Review，卷 401:


Ivan

借自俄語 Ива́н (Iván)，源自數種斯拉夫語族語言的 Ivan。John 的同源對似詞，也是其親緣詞 Evan、Giovanni、Ian、Johann和Sean 等的同源對似詞。

I’m sure whoever was in charge must have been one of the last of the Fulda Fucktards, you know, those generals who spent their nard-drop years training to defend West Germany from Ivan.