nominor

[…] your lordship was pleased to say several things about my fitness in other respects for public business, and about the terms of connexion, in such a case, between a nominor and a nominee.

1842，Jeremy Bentham，The Westminster Review:


commoved

more commoved (comparative)
most commoved (superlative)

The clerk, as I conjectured him to be from his appearance, was also commoved; for, sitting opposite to Mr. Morris, that honest gentleman's terror communicated itself to him, though he wotted not why.

我从他的外表猜测那位职员也很惊慌；因为他坐在莫里斯先生对面，这位诚实绅士的恐惧感传到了他身上，尽管他不知道原因。


renunciant

放棄者（尤其是为了精神原因放弃世俗生活的人，或放弃公民身份的人） （自18世紀）

The stereotypical image of the Jain renunciant is a monk (or possibly nun) dutifully sweeping the ground gently before him with a small broom […].

耆那教弃绝者的典型形象是一名僧人（或可能是女僧），用一把小扫帚恭敬地轻轻扫着面前的地面 […] 。

2016，Sunil Khilnani，Incarnations，Penguin, 出版於 2017，頁 10:


deathrate

At ages under 25 years, the deathrate declined sharply. The decline in the deathrate for children under 15 years resulted from the lower diphtheria, scarlet fever and whooping cough rates; among adolescents the lower tuberculosis mortality was the chief factor back of the lower rates.

1922，Statistical Bulletin, Vol III, No. 1，Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.，頁 8:

It is a striking fact, though seemingly little recognized, that the deathrate in the United States has been barely holding its own since 1920, in spite of all the advances in sanitation, medicine and surgery that have taken place.

1931，Henry Pratt Fairchild，“When Our Deathrate Goes Up”, in The Survey, Volume LXVI, No. 11，Survey Associates，頁 510:

During the decade birth and death figures were related to this quite unrepresentative population with the consequence that Salem showed birthrates of over 60 and deathrates of corresponding elevation in gross contradiction to recognized facts.

1932，M. W. M. Yeatts，Census of India, 1931, Volume XIV: Madras, Part I: Report，Government of India Central Publication Branch，頁 27:


apprehender

Depending on the severeness of the crime and the danger of the suspect, the apprehender may apply physical force in order to stop the pursued and proceed to his apprehension.

根据犯罪的严重程度和犯罪嫌疑人的危险性，逮捕人员可以使用武力来阻止被追捕者并进行逮捕。

1996，Chantal Joubert, Hans Bevers，Schengen Investigated，頁 305:


advertent

inadvertent 的逆構詞。
源自拉丁語 advertent-、advertens，advertere 的現在分詞，源自動詞 adverto (“注意，留意”)。

more advertent (comparative)
most advertent (superlative)

Is he rich, prosperous, great? yet he continues safe, because he continues humble, watchful, advertent, lest he should be deceived and transported

1828，Matthew Hale, David Young，On the Knowledge of Christ Crucified: And Other Divine Contemplations，頁 227:

There is such thing as advertent negligence in which the harm is foreseen as possible or probable.

存在故意疏忽的情况，即可以预见损害是可能发生的。

Until the 1950s, for judges both the conceptual and terminological identification of advertent risk taking — subjective recklessness — often lay submerged within the amorphous notion of 'malice' [....]

1998，Keith John Michael Smith，Lawyers, Legislators and Theorists: Developments in English Criminal Law，頁 283:


occultate

occultates (third-person singular present)
occultating (present participle)
occultated (past participle)

[…] to occultate the apparent, to manifest the hidden.

[…] 掩盖明显的事物，显现隐藏的事物。

1998，Paul Davies，Romanticism and Esoteric Tradition: Studies in Imagination:


relatum

源自拉丁語 relatum，referre 的中性過去分詞。

And with respect to secondary processes, whether a PDT becomes an ADT will vary according to both the ADTs a person has acquired through primary acquisition processes (for this determines which objects can be the relata in the relational properties) and according to the individual’s experiential and epistemic history with respect to disgust elicitors.

2003，Christopher Knapp，“De-moralizing Disgustingness”, in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, LXVI, № 2, page 265:

For according to the externalist, the opposing view rests on the idea that “being conscious of” is a genuine relation, that is, a relation whose obtaining entails the existence of its relata.

2007年July12日，Harold Langsam，“Rationality, Justification, and the Internalism/Externalism Debate”, in Erkenntnis，卷 68, 期 1, →DOI:

However we understand the defect, most divine determinists will likely wish to say that the relation of inconformity between act and law obtains (when it does obtain) merely in virtue of the intrinsic natures of the relata. In other words, the relation of inconformity follows merely upon the nonrelational characteristics of the relata.

2019，Peter Furlong，The Challenges of Divine Determinism: A Philosophical Analysis，頁 94:


basti

借自印地語 बस्ती (bastī，“定居點”)。

There is a dreary bustee in the neighbourhood which is said to make the most of any cholera that may be going.

附近有一所阴暗的贫民窟，据说这里是霍乱爆发的最主要地点。

1891，Rudyard Kipling，The City Of Dreadful Night:

With the population growth in the jhopadpattis, favelas, bastis and bidonvilles higher than any other environment in the world, we are seeing the emergence of Megaslums, where one million urban poor live in an area measuring just 1.5 square miles.

由于各种贫民窟和小城镇的人口增长速度高于世界上任何其他地区，我们看到了巨型贫民窟的出现，在面积仅为1.5平方英里的区域内居住着一百万城市贫民。

2012，Sarwant Singh，New Mega Trends: Implications for Our Future Lives，頁 63:

Her mother-in-law, in her half-delirious state, was sure that their basti would be broken down and had aggressively begun to push her sons to buy a plot of land elsewhere.

她半昏迷的婆婆确信他们所居住的贫民窟会被拆毁，并开始积极敦促她的儿子们去其他地方购买一块土地。

2023，Radhika Iyengar，Fire on the Ganges，Fourth Estate，頁 294:


antiabortion

more antiabortion (comparative)
most antiabortion (superlative)

Antiabortion activists pointed out that immigrant families, many of them Catholic, were larger and would soon outpopulate native-born white Yankees and threaten their political power.

反堕胎活动人士指出，移民家庭（其中许多是天主教徒）规模更大，很快就会超过土生土长的北方白人，并威胁到他们的政治权力。

1996，Leslie J. Reagan，When Abortion Was a Crime:

The news reporters tell us that conservatives are antiabortion, anti–gun control, antidiversity, antienvironment, antieverything.

新闻记者告诉我们，保守派反对堕胎、反对枪支管制、反对多样性、反对环境、反对一切。

2001，Gordon K. Durnil，The Making of a Conservative Environmentalist，頁 182:


brain rot

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-brain rot.wav

被認為沒有什麼藝術價值的媒體，和/或對其消費者有負面影響的媒體

[…] I remember that I had to stay home and receive a stern lecture on the evils of Tinseltown brainrot.

1978，Lionel Menuhin Rolfe，The Menuhins: A Family Odyssey，頁 47:

It could be a great album, like Big Star’s Radio City, or it could be one composed entirely of what I deemed to be drab, scum-sucking brainrot, like The Stereophonics’ Performance And Cocktails.

So this winter, I'll chill on the couch watching The Only Way Is Essex or some similar brainrot instead, happy it'll be over in a^([sic]) hour […]
因此这个冬天，我会窝在沙发上看《埃塞克斯是唯一的生活方式》或类似的烂片，很高兴一小时后它就会播完 […]

2011, John Vannisselroy, "Reality bites: we need less English Premier League", TNT Magazine, 15 August 2011 - 21 August 2011, page 52:

We need to hold out hope and wish for the best for Gen Alpha as they are truly capable. But with the polarization of the current times and brainrot they are encountering online, it’s hard.

2023，Nunzio Amon，“The Future of Gen Alpha”, in Medium:

Implicit in the idea of brain rot is the fear that those who spend too much time on screens will become less intelligent, such as 'iPad Kids', Gen Z and Gen Alpha children raised in the digital age.

2024年February8日，Shivé Prema，“What is 'brain rot'? Do you have it?”, in SBS News:

有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:brain rot。


-fold

源自中古英語 -fold、-fald、-fauld，繼承自古英語 -feald，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *-falþaz，源自原始印歐語 *-poltos，源自 *pel- (“折疊”)。同源詞包括荷蘭語 -voud、瑞典語 -faldig、拉丁語 -plus、-plex、古希臘語 -παλτος (-paltos)、-πλος (-plos)、-πλόος (-plóos)。參見 fold。

有些人会用类似 "an increase by twofold" 的结构表示 "a twofold increase"。这可能会导致混淆，因为 "an increase by twofold" 的逻辑翻译意味着“原始金额增加200% ”，而后者意味着“增加到原始金额的200%”。应谨慎避免这种混淆。通常，-fold 不带介词。

在科学语境中，有时会在数字后面附加“-fold”（含义相同），例如 M.C. Stone 等人在 2010 年发表的一篇论文，其摘要中提到 "10-fold up-regulation of the number of growing microtubules"（生长微管数量增加到了原來的10倍）。

There has been a threefold increase in inflation

The cancer tissue in two of the ... specimens ... exhibited a dramatic 23-fold increase in the laminin-receptor-mRNA levels.
两个标本中的癌症组织显示层粘连蛋白受体mRNA水平急剧增加到了原來的23倍。

1991, Vittoria Cioce; Vince Castronovo; Barry M. Shmookler; et. al, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, "Increased Expression of the Laminin Receptor in Human Colon Cancer" [1]

"[Use] of a decimal without a zero to the left of the decimal (ie .5 instead of 0.5) has resulted in 10-fold error[.]

“[使用]小数点左边没有零的小数（即 .5 而不是 0.5）会导致10倍的误差[。]

2011，Joel. E. Houghlum，Principles of Pharmacology for Athletic Trainers:

Ezekiel outlines the harlotry of Judah followed by a thirty-two-fold judgment.

2013，Jerome Strong，Spiritual Musings II: Sermons, Musings & Exegesis:

Inflation has increased threefold

A publication ... entitled "The Sixth Financial and Economical Annual of Japan" ... issued in 1906 ... says: ¶ "...[O]ur export trade had in ... thirty-two years increased thirty-four-fold with Asia, twenty-three-fold with America, and five-fold with Europe[.]

1906年出版的《日本第六届财政经济年鉴》中写道：“三十二年来，我们与亚洲的出口贸易增长到了原來的三十四倍，与美洲的出口贸易增长到了原來的二十三倍，与欧洲的出口贸易增长到了原來的五倍。”

c. 1906，Silk Association of America，XXXV Annual Meeting of the Silk Association of America:

His potatoes yielded forty-onefold in 1816 and his barley thirty-twofold in 1818.

1816年，他的土豆产量增加到了原來的41倍，1818年，他的大麦产量增加到了原來的32倍。

2011，James R. Gibson，Farming the Frontier:

In contrast, the number of Asian foreign born would increase twenty-two-fold to more than 11 million, and the number of Latin American foreign born would increase twenty-three-fold to 22 million.

相比之下，出生于亚洲的外国人口数量将增加到原來的22倍，达到1100多万人，出生于拉丁美洲的外国人口数量将增加到原來的23倍，达到2200万人。

2014，Thomas R. Oliver，Guide to U.S. Health and Health Care Policy:


sandbox game

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sandbox game.wav

This was the ultimate sandbox game. By providing a simple, yet rich simulation, it gave the user the tools with which to create his own fun.

这是一款终极沙盒游戏。通过提供简单但丰富的模拟，它为用户提供了创造乐趣的工具。

2004，Tracy Fullerton, Christopher Swain, Steven Hoffman，Game design workshop: designing, prototyping, and playtesting games [游戏设计研讨会：设计、原型设计和游戏测试]:

In contrast, a sandbox game such as Civilization operates more like a hobby […]

相比之下，《文明》等沙盒游戏更像是一种消遣 […]

2007，Katie Salen，The ecology of games: connecting youth, games, and learning [游戏生态：连接青少年、游戏和学习]:

[…] the sequel to the military-themed sandbox game known as Mercenaries […]

[…] 军事主题沙盒游戏《雇佣兵》的续作 […]


suade

借自拉丁語 suādēre。

suades (third-person singular present)
suading (present participle)
suaded (past participle)

Howsomeber, she wuz so mad wid Jeff dat she 'suaded herse'f she did n' keer

1899，Charles W. Chesnutt，Hot-Foot Hannibal:


-ren

children 和 brethren 的逆構詞，最終繼承自中古英語 -ren、-eren (複合複數後綴)，源自中古英語 -re、-ere（源自古英語 -ru (複數後綴)）+ 中古英語 -en（源自古英語 -an (複數後綴)）。

在標準英語中，這個後綴只用於 children。方言中可能會有一些非標準的用法，如 calveren (對應 calves)、lambren (對應 lambs)。brethren 和 sistren 的後綴其實是 -en，-r- 是隨詞幹進入的（(brother、sister）。

As Ciddy and child had slept soundly under Omeriah's roof, a group of young "kidren" playing outside sang a "ring song" […]

2006，Timothy White，Catch a fire: the life of Bob Marley:

Unruly kidren would fling rockstone after him.

不守规矩的孩子会向他扔石头。

This exercise will help you develop the skills to tell your ninja brethren (and sistren and thingren) apart. Simply match the name of each famous ninja with his/her/its deadly eyes.

这项练习将帮助你培养区分忍者兄弟（以及姐妹和事物）的技能。只需将每个著名忍者的名字与他/她/它的致命眼神相匹配即可。

2008，Douglas Sarine, Kent Nichols，The Ninja Handbook:


Alban

借自拉丁語 Albānus (“阿爾巴的居民”)。

But beside this, there existed at Lavinium another tradition, which inverts the order of things by stating that Lavinium was an Alban colony, founded by six hundred Alban families.

1847，Leonhard Schmitz，A History of Rome:From the Earliest Times to the Death of Commodus, A.D. 192，Harper & brothers，頁 14:

Now the Alban dynasti bore the name of Silvii or Wood, and it can hardly be without significance that in the vision of the historic glories of Rome revealed to Aeneas in the underworld, Virgil, an antiquary as well as a poet, should represent all the line of Silvii as crowned with oak.

1922，Sir James George Frazer，AThe Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion，Forgotten Books，頁 152:

Reminded of the Alban king’s descent from Silvius, the son of Aeneas, Vergil’s reader must judge the crime of Mettus and his gruesome punishment with greater horror and revulsion.

1998，Robert Alan Gurval，Actium and Augustus: The Politics and Emotions of Civil War，University of Michigan Press，頁 223:

At some point during the Picto-Gaelic fusion, St Andrew was adopted as patron of the Alban kingdom.

2011，Norman Davies，Vanished Kingdoms，Penguin, 出版於 2012，頁 66:


rescribe

rescribes (third-person singular present)
rescribing (present participle)
rescribed (past participle)

Whenever a Prince on his being consulted by any one rescribes or writes back in this manner, he seems to dispense with that act.

1726，John Ayliffe，Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani:


accrescent

源自拉丁語 accrescens、accrescentis（accrescere 的現在分詞），源自 ad + crescere (“生長，成長”)。

more accrescent (comparative)
most accrescent (superlative)

whose living growth is more and more conspicuous , and daily ornamented with new appearances of accrescent variety and alteration

1728，Samuel Shuckford，The Sacred and Profane History of the World:


sacrificer

In this you’have made the Court the Antipodes,
And will’d your Delegate, the vulgar Sunne,
To doe profane autumnall offices,
Whilst here to you, wee sacrificers runne;

1631，John Donne，“To the Countesse of Bedford”, in Poems，London: John Marriot, 出版於 1633, p:

[…] no sacrifice is valid unless the sacrificer lay his hand upon the head of the victim.

1908，Helen Keller，章號 3, in The World I Live In，New York: Century，頁 35:


saltee

源自意大利語 soldo。

One day he would gather more than I in three; another, to hear his tale, it had rained kicks all day in lieu of “saltees,” and that is pennies.

1862，Charles Reade，The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages，頁 242:


reparent

reparents (third-person singular present)
reparenting (present participle)
reparented (past participle)

改变数据结构中对象的父级

If the client reparents the window away from root, the window is no longer a top-level window.

1995，Adrian Nye, David Flanagan，Programmer's supplement for release 6 of the X Window System:


cag

不確定。同源詞包括低地蘇格蘭語 kag、kagg (“惹恼，悲伤”)。可能繼承自中古英語 caggen (“绑住，束缚”)，可能源自或與古諾爾斯語 kǫgurr (“被子，毯子，床罩，棺材布”) 有關。或可能與新挪威語 kjaka (“争吵，骚扰”) 有關。

cags (third-person singular present)
cagging (present participle)
cagged (past participle)

If a little petulance be discovered in SPRING's printed reply, perhaps it was cagged out of him by the very unceremonious manner of approach adopted by Langan and Reynolds […]

1824，Pierce Egan，Boxiana; Or, Sketches of Ancient and Modern Pugilism，頁 344:


sty

繼承自中古英語 stien、stiȝen、stighen，繼承自古英語 stīgan (“去；登高，爬上”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *stīgan，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *stīganą，源自原始印歐語 *steygʰ-。
同源詞包括荷蘭語 stijgen、德語 steigen、丹麥語 stige、書面挪威語 stige、新挪威語、瑞典語 stiga、古諾爾斯語 stíga。

sties (third-person singular present)
stying (present participle)
stied (past participle)

上升，升起；攀登，攀爬 （9-17世紀）

The beast impatient of his smarting wound, / And of so fierce and forcible despight, / Thought with his wings to stye aboue the ground [...].

这头野兽不耐烦地忍受着疼痛的伤口，/而且感到如此凶猛和强烈的绝望，/想用翅膀在地上飞翔 […] 。

1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book I, Canto IX”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

Led along, as some Creatures are, by the Noses, and voluntarily hood-winked; or like seeled Doves, sty up, you know not whither, nor how far.

像某些动物一样，被鼻子牵着走，并自愿被蒙蔽；或者像斑鸠一样，飞向空中，你不知道要去哪里，也不知道要飞多远。

1621，Richard Montagu，Diatribae upon the first part of the late History of Tithes:

That she might sty to the seat of Beatifick Mirth.

这样她就能到达幸福快乐的宝座。

1652，Edward Benlowes，Theophila, or Love's Sacrifice:


pseudoscientific

源自 pseudoscience + -ific，和 scientific 類似。

more pseudoscientific (comparative)
most pseudoscientific (superlative)

[…] another example of the desire to control deviant lifestyles: the preparation by the FBI of pseudoscientific "profiles" that purport to describe the murderers.

1983年August13日，Mark McHarry，“FBI”, in Gay Community News，卷 11, 號 5，頁 4:

Many postsecondary educators are concerned about the rising tide of pseudoscientific, fundamentally anti-intellectual belief among otherwise well educated Americans.

1996，Mark E. Ware, David E. Johnson，Handbook of Demonstrations and Activities in the Teaching of Psychology:

Some pseudoscientific theories explain what nonbelievers cannot even observe, for example, orgone energy.

2003，Robert Todd Carroll，The skeptic's dictionary:


Russ

源自德語 Russe 等詞彙，源自古東斯拉夫語 Русь (Rusĭ)。對照更為近現代的 Rus。

But time will teach the Russ, ev'n conquering War
Has handmaid arts: aye, aye, the Russ will woo
All sciences that speed Bellona's car,
All murder's tactic arts, and win them too […]

1831，Thomas Campbell，The Power of Russia:


sleighing

I heard magnificent accounts of the balls, parties, sleighings, and country frolics, which take place […]

我听到了关于舞会、聚会、坐雪橇和乡村嬉戏的精彩描述，这些活动 […]

1852，Sir Edward William Watkin，A Trip to the United States and Canada: In a Series of Letters [美国和加拿大之旅：一系列书信]，頁 26:


Nehruvian

more Nehruvian (comparative)
most Nehruvian (superlative)

尼赫魯的；賈瓦哈拉爾·尼赫魯的 （自20世紀中後期）

‘India's villages are the colonies of the city,’ Singh often complained about Nehruvian India.

“印度的村庄是城市的殖民地”，辛格经常这样抱怨尼赫鲁统治下的印度。

Pakistan took a quite different route, pursuing a Western-oriented, free-market approach at a time when India was shackled by Nehruvian autarky, strict state controls and Soviet-style five-year plans.

巴基斯坦选择了一条截然不同的道路，在印度受到尼赫鲁式自给自足、严格的国家控制和苏联式五年计划的束缚时，巴基斯坦推行了西方导向的自由市场经济。

2023，Zareer Masani，“From Bengal to Bollywood [从孟加拉到宝莱坞]”, in Literary Review，期 520:


damme

And now, have at the Ministry, Damme!

1809，James Gillray，Pillars of the Constitution:


illude

源自拉丁語 illūdō。

illudes (third-person singular present)
illuding (present participle)
illuded (past participle)

deceive

欺騙，迷惑，置……於幻覺中

delude

欺騙，迷惑，置……於幻覺中

dupe

欺騙，迷惑，置……於幻覺中

fool

欺騙，迷惑，置……於幻覺中

mislead

欺騙，迷惑，置……於幻覺中

trick

欺騙，迷惑，置……於幻覺中

欺騙，迷惑，置……於幻覺中

The fleshly children of Adam bee so politicke, subtil, craftie, and wise, in theyre kynde, that the electe should be illuded if it were possible:

1547，Catherine Parr，The Lamentation of a Sinner,:

Tis now but wicked vanity to thinke,
To color vitious deeds with good pretence,
Or with bought colors to illude mens sense.

1611，John Donne，An Anatomy of the World，London: Samuel Macham:

The lines and shapes of mountains (features strongly marked) are easily caught and retained: but these meteor-forms, this rich fluctuation of airy hues, offer such a profusion of variegated splendor, that they are continually illuding the eye with breaking into each other; and are lost, as it endeavours to retain them.

1786，William Gilpin，Observations, Relative Chiefly to Picturesque Beauty, Made in the Year 1772，London: R. Blamire, Vol. 1, Section 6, p. 86:

His [Jonathan Swift’s] versatile pen was prolific […] of fiction erected of impossible materials, and yet so creating and peopling a world of fancy as to illude the reader into temporary belief in its truth.

他（乔纳森·斯威夫特）的笔法灵活多变 […] 创作了大量以不可能的素材构建的小说，并且营造出一个充满幻想的世界，使读者暂时相信它的真实性。

1873，Henry Coppée，章號 26, in English Literature, Considered as an Interpreter of English History，Philadelphia: Claxton, Remsen & Haffelfinger，頁 269:

I had a sudden sense of mismatch, of profound incongruity—between what I imagined I felt and what I actually saw, between what I had thought and what I now found. I felt, for a dizzying, vertiginous moment, that I had been profoundly deceived, illuded, by my senses: an illusion—such an illusion—as I had never before known.

我突然有一种错位感，一种深刻的不协调感——在我想象的感受和我实际看到的之间，在我所想的和我现在发现的之间。在那一瞬间，我感到头晕目眩，我被我的感官深深地欺骗、迷惑了：一种幻觉——一种我从未经历过的幻觉。

1984，Oliver Sacks，章號 2, in A Leg to Stand On，New York: Summit Books，頁 69:


circumfulgent

more circumfulgent (comparative)
most circumfulgent (superlative)

Turning from the first glance at the circumfulgent splendour, it dwindled into nothing as he looked again at the lady.

1883，George MacDonald，The Princess and Curdie:


beer parlor

Observational study of alcohol consumption in natural settings: The Vancouver beer parlor.

自然环境中酒精消费的观察性研究：温哥华啤酒馆。

1994，Clement Vonnie V，Research and Intervention: Preventing Substance Abuse in Higher Education:

You go to the beer parlor, you know everybody.

你去啤酒馆走一趟，就能认识所有人。

1998，Antonio Azuela, Emilio Duhau，Evictions and the Right to Housing:

At UBC Canada, the student center also houses an auditorium and a beer parlor for students called the Pit, as well as a bowling alley on the lower ground floor.

在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学，学生中心还设有一个礼堂和一个名为 Pit 的学生啤酒馆，以及位于地下层的保龄球馆。

2006，Ashok Malhotra，Fundamentals of Excellence in Technical and other Universities:


hirundine

源自拉丁語 hirundo (“燕子”)。

/hɪˈɹʌndʌɪn/

‘...and so, gentlemen, I believe I may confidently state that the hibernation of swallows, and of all other hirundines, is conclusively proved,’ said Mr Lamb, with a defiant glare at his audience.

“……因此，先生们，我相信我可以自信地说，燕子和所有其他燕科鸟类的冬眠已经有了确凿的证据，”兰姆先生用挑衅的目光瞪着他的听众说道。


examinee

Rimmer ducked his body low into his chair, so just his head remained above the table top, and peered past the backs of the examinees in front of him, waiting for the adjudicator to make his move.

1989，Grant Naylor，Red Dwarf: Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers:


visé

借自法語 visé，viser (“簽發簽證”) 的過去分詞。

visés (third-person singular present)
viséing (present participle)
viséed (past participle)
viséd (past participle)

[…] unable to be abroad after ten at night, or to carry a gun, or to remove into another district without a written pass which must be visé on reaching a police-station.

晚上十点后不能出门，不能携带枪支，也不能在没有书面通行证的情况下进入另一个地区（到达警察局时必须持有书面通行证）。

1872，Janet Millett，An Australian Parsonage, Ch. XI:

Russian consuls everywhere have been instructed to visé passports of geologists presenting membership cards, which will also facilitate matters at the frontier.
已指示俄罗斯驻各地领事馆检查出示会员卡的地质学家的护照，这也将方便出入境事宜。

1897, Popular Science Monthly, Vol. 51, June, "World's Geologists at St. Petersburg":

Therefore, with my passport properly viséd and my papers all in order, I one night left Hull for Stockholm by the weekly Wilson service.

因此，在护照获签发、证件齐全的情况下，我在一天晚上乘坐威尔逊每周一班的航船离开赫尔前往斯德哥尔摩。

1905，William Le Queux，The Czar's Spy [沙皇的间谍], Ch. 10:


subjacent

源自拉丁語 subiaceō (“下面的，底下的”)。

more subjacent (comparative)
most subjacent (superlative)

In some places, however, quartz reefs, payably auriferous while in Silurian rock, have been followed down to subjacent granite, and have there been found to thin out and become unprofitable […]

1887，R. A. Murray，Victoria. Geology and Physical Geography，頁 126:

Since the times of the Spanish conquest of the Americas, however, there had always been a subjacent stream of travel literature which had queried the civilizing function of Western penetration of such societies.

然而，自从西班牙征服美洲以来，一直有一批游记文学质疑西方国家渗透到美洲社会所产生的文明作用。

2002，Colin Jones，The Great Nation，Penguin, 出版於 2003，頁s 194–5:


waw

繼承自中古英語 wawe、wowe、waugh、wough，繼承自古英語 wāh、wāg (“墙，隔板”)，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *waigaz (“墙”)，源自原始印歐語 *weyk- (“弯曲，扭曲”)。
同源詞包括低地蘇格蘭語 wauch、vauch、薩特弗里斯蘭語 Wooge (“室内墙壁、隔断”)。

She hath been at London to call a strea a straw, and a waw a wall.

1678，John Ray，A Collection of English Proverbs, section 75:

T'ootside waws was whitewesh't.

1886，Thomas Farrall，Betty Wilson's Cummerland Teals, section 41:


waw

借自阿拉伯語 وَاو (wāw)。wau 的同源對似詞。

vav (希伯來文的第六個字母)的另一種拼寫法

Rather, the waws of both fragments are demonstrably similar. What Cryer and Becking fail to note is that the style of waw used in Fragment B is also used in Fragment A.

2006，George Athas，The Tel Dan Inscription: A Reappraisal and a New Introduction，頁 147:


transmuter

使……變形、轉化、變化者

Hopeful transmuters of metals thus became associated with counterfeiters and forgers. Accordingly, during his tour of the Inferno, Dante meets two alchemists deep in the eighth circle of Hell[…]

2002，Lawrence Principe, Lloyd DeWitt，Transmutations，頁 8:


explicature

话语中明确表达的事物 （自20世紀）

In relevance theory terms, he must construct a hypothesis about the explicit content of Ally's utterance;that is, he mustrely upon both the words she uses in this utterance and an inferencing process to construct an explicature.

2012，Jodie Clark，Language, Sex and Social Structure:

If the speaker was your flat-mate and you had a habit of borrowing her property without permission, she might be asking you if you'd 'borrowed' the book she owned (explicature) and the utterance might be taken as a demand for its return.

2013，Peter Grundy，Doing Pragmatics，頁 136:


involver

One could look at whether participants improved their skills and abilities, whether there was individual or community empowerment, or whether there was a change in the level of trust between the involvers and the participants.

2004，Charles Donald Spielberger，Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology，卷 1，頁 796:


cabresto

It is said that if a cabresto is laid round the sleeping traveller , the snake will not get within it.

据说如果在熟睡的旅行者周围铺一条缰绳，蛇就不会进入里面。


embread

embreads (third-person singular present)
embreading (present participle)
embreaded (past participle)

But now we must beleue that he cometh downe agayn at the wyll of the prestes, to be inpaned or inbreaded for their bellyes common welthe, lyke as he afore came downe, at the wyll of hys heuenlye father, to be incarnated or infleshed for our vnyuersall sowles helth.

1547，John Bale，The First Examinacion of Anne Askewe:

If christes bodye be in thee bred (as vndoubtedly it is) then it is enbreaded & his bloude enwyued, whych was alway taken for a great heresy, In respect wherof transubstantiacion nedes muste be graunted as ryght true and beleueable.

1548，Edmund Gest，A Treatise Againste the Preuee Masse:

I explain, in the simplest way possible, that "pan" means "bread," so "empanizada" must mean that the Callo is "embreaded."

1868，Charles Stephen Grueber，A Reply to the "Remarks" of the Rev. C. A. Heurtley:


jit

jitney 的截斷形式。

En route home, I stop in a store to put a few dozen jits in a pinball machine. I am a slave of the flashing lights.
回家的路上，我在一家商店停下来，往弹球机里投了几十个硬币。我成了闪光灯的奴隶。

1942, Richard A. L. van Schwartz, "A Day in the Life of a Juvenile Fan", Boskonian (#1), page 2

"Well, what do you say, Vince? You'll let me take a jit, won't you? […] I'll give you the jit back with a nickel interest," coaxed Davey.

“好吧，文斯，你觉得怎么样？你会让我借一枚硬币，对吧？ […] 我会把这枚硬币连同五美分的利息还给你，”戴维哄骗道。


praya

借自葡萄牙語 praya，praia (“海灘，海旁”) 的棄用形式。

Elsewhere on the Island, facilities for the transport of goods were limited to landing piers and prayas for junks and lighters.

岛上其他地方的货物运输设施仅限于供帆船和驳船使用的码头和海滨长廊。

1973，Tzu-nang Chiu，The Port of Hong Kong: A Survey of its Development，頁 24:


supersedere

债权人自愿停止为债务人亲自执行债务的行为

Mr Sweepclean, secede paulisper, or, in your own language, grant us a supersedere of diligence for five minutes.

1816，Sir Walter Scott，The Antiquary，Oxford University Press, 出版於 2002，頁 406:


arrabbiata

借自意大利語，arrabbiato (“憤怒的”) 的陰性形式；參見 rabbia (“憤怒”)。

/ˌaɹəˈbjɑːtə/

/ˌɑɹəbiˈɑːtə/

We were just trying to keep our heads above water, maybe catch some of the tomatoes they were throwing so we could make some arrabbiata.


arn't

It arn’t often thet a fellow gits hanged twice in one night.

一個人一晚被絞死兩次的情況並不常見。

1882，James Jackson，Tom Terror, the Outlaw:


tss

When the woman held the sausage over the open fire, the drops of fat went tss-tsss on the coals and the flames turned a lovely blue colour.

当女人把香肠放到火上时，一滴滴的油脂落在煤炭上，发出嘶嘶声，火焰则变成了可爱的蓝色。

1964，Felix Vincent Lategan, Michael Wallendorf Smuts, Hymne Weiss，Afrikaans Short Stories，頁 173:

"Tss tss!" the girl hissed softly through her teeth. The monkey turned, leaped directly onto her shoulder, and gazed around […]

“嘶嘶！”女孩从牙缝中轻轻发出嘶嘶声。猴子转过身，直接跳到她的肩膀上，环顾四周 […]


abled

As a disabled person, there are many days I can't leave the house looking how I want to look, and I also have tics that make me look distinctly odd to ableds.

作为一名残疾人，很多时候我都无法以自己想要的样子出门，而且我还会抽搐，这让我在健全人眼中看起来很奇怪。

2022，Laura Erickson-Schroth，Trans Bodies, Trans Selves，頁 87:


somehow

有时加上 or other、or another 或 or the other 来表示不确定。

以某種（未知的）方式或原因；不知怎的

This problem has to be tackled somehow.

必须以某种方式解决这个问题。

We don't know how he's still alive after the accident, but somehow he is.

我们不知道事故发生后他为什么还活着，但他确实不知为何活了下来。

It’s not by accident Edward wrote “The Goat,” “The Zoo Story” or “Seascape,” with its two lizards, Sarah and Leslie. In fact, in all of his plays the animal is pretty prominent, somehow or other.
爱德华创作《山羊》、《动物园故事》或《海景》时，其中有两只蜥蜴，莎拉和莱斯利，这并非偶然。事实上，在他的所有戏剧中，动物都相当突出，不知何故。

December 1, 2016, Tom Donaghy writing in The New York Times, Tender Side of Edward Albee

Carried somehow, somewhither, for some reason, on these surging floods, were these travelers, of errand not wholly obvious to their fellows, yet of such sort as to call into query alike the nature of their errand and their own relations.

1910，Emerson Hough，章號 II, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise，Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

Have I not loathed to live again and said
It would have been far better to be dead,
 And yet somehow, I know not why,
Remained afraid to die!

我曾厌恶继续活下去，并说过“死了更好”，但不知为何，我仍旧害怕死亡！

Although youngest of the family, he has somehow or other got the entire management of all the others.

虽然他是家里最小的孩子，但他却以某种方式全面管理着其他所有人。


supposedly

根據某些人的信念或主張；應該；據說；可能；按照推測

People from other planets have supposedly visited Earth in flying saucers.

据称，外星人类曾乘坐飞碟访问过地球。

According to your testimony, you were supposedly at home watching TV when the murder occurred.

根据您的证词，谋杀案发生时您正待在家里看电视。

France were supposedly a team in pieces, beaten by Tonga just a week ago and with coach Marc Lievremont publicly berating his players, but so clear-cut was their victory that much of the atmosphere had been sucked from the contest long before the end.

法国队一周前被汤加队击败，主教练马克·里夫雷蒙公开斥责队员，按理说这应该是支有点支离破碎的队伍，但这回他们的胜利太明显了，比赛还没结束，气氛就已经消失了。

2011，Tom Fordyce，Rugby World Cup 2011: England 12-19 France:

I haven't booked, so I don't have a clue as to whether the service will be busy or not. Supposedly, reservations are compulsory, but I want to find out what would happen if you just turn up.

2020年December2日，Paul Bigland，“My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail，頁 68:


overtrust

overtrusts (third-person singular present)
overtrusting (present participle)
overtrusted (past participle)

/ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈtɹʌst/

/ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌtɹʌst/

Some there are, that do so overtrust their leaders' eyes

有些人确实过于相信领导者的眼睛

1649，Joseph Hall，Resolutions and Decisions of Divers Practicall cases of Conscience:


bloodvessel

But there can be very little doubt, I conceive, of a bloodvessel having burst in the head, which caused a gradual effusion of blood, and proved fatal; since in this case there was not time for inflammation causing fatal effusion to have taken place.

但我认为，头部血管破裂，导致血液逐渐流出，并最终致命，这一点毋庸置疑；因为在这种情况下，没有时间发生导致致命积液的炎症。

1837，Alexander Watson，A medico-legal treatise on homicide by external violence, etc，頁 54:


attributed

This attribute is used to declare in metadata that the attributed method or class requires SocketPermission of the declared form.

2003，Peter Drayton, Ben Albahari, Ted Neward，C# in a Nutshell，頁 536:


overbalancing

We could not afford the false steps, nor the little slips, nor the overbalancings so unimportant on level ground. Progress was slow and cautious.

我們不能走冤枉路，也不能滑倒，更不能在平地上隨便摔倒。前進的步伐緩慢而謹慎。


suchlike

繼承自中古英語 sich like、suche-like、swylk lyk；等同於 such + like。

somesuch

之類的東西，諸如此類的東西

之類的東西，諸如此類的東西

That is, we use reading not just as a means to educate ourselves, or to “explore other worlds” and suchlike, but to literally keep our distance from others.

也就是说，我们不仅将阅读作为一种教育自己的手段，或“探索其他世界”之类的手段，而且实际上是为了与他人保持距离。


stop up

stops up (third-person singular present)
stopping up (present participle)
stopped up (past participle)

堵住，塞住（開口或通道）

同類詞：plug up、stop off

So then we […] scratched around and found an old tin washpan, and stopped up the holes as well as we could.

于是我们 […] 四处寻找，找到了一个旧的锡制洗脸盆，并尽可能地堵住了上面的洞。

1885，Mark Twain，章號 37, in Huckleberry Finn:


undercook

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-undercook.wav

同類詞：line cook、sous-chef、underchef、chef

Formerly the domain of cooks, undercooks, and scullery maids, it wasn't even a room a householder would lay claim to, much less single out with items of personal interest.

以前這是廚師、副廚和洗碗女工的領地，甚至不是房主會擁有的房間，更不用說單獨拿出來存放個人喜愛的物品了。

2002，Helen Thompson, Anna Kasabian，Cooking spaces: designs for cooking, entertaining, and living，頁 67:


slant

晚期中古英語詞彙，源自早期方言 slent 的異體，源自古諾爾斯語或其他北日耳曼語支語言，與古諾爾斯語 slent、瑞典語 slinta (“滑落”)、挪威語 slenta (“倒在一边”) 同源，源自原始日耳曼語 *slintaną。可能受 aslant 的影響。

slants (third-person singular present)
slanting (present participle)
slanted (past participle)

If you slant the track a little more, the marble will roll down it faster.

如果将轨道稍微倾斜一些，弹珠就会滚得更快。

On the side of yonder slanting hill


slant

The Laplander beholds the far-off Sun
Dart his slant beam on unobeying snows, […]

拉普兰人望着远处的太阳，
斜射的光芒照射在顽劣的雪地上， […]

1797，Samuel Taylor Coleridge，The Destiny of Nations:

A slant ray of golden sunshine entered the chamber; it drew nearer and nearer as the hour went by, till it fell on Guido's bed.

一缕金色的阳光斜射进房间；随着时间的流逝，阳光越来越近，最后落在了吉多的床上。

1834，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 XXX, in Francesca Carrara. […]，卷 II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC，頁 308:

By the eighth day, Alexander and Caswell had lashed together a hut with a slant roof […]

到了第八天，亚历山大和卡斯韦尔已经把一座斜屋顶的小屋搭好了 […]

2015，Michael Z. Williamson，A Long Time Until Now:


bracelets

Of thirty bare yeares haue I
twice twenty bin enraged,
& of forty bin three tymes fifteene
in durance soundlie caged,
On yͤ lordlie loftes of Bedlam
with stubble softe & dainty,
braue braceletts Strong, sweet whips ding dong
with wholesome hunger plenty

1620世紀, anonymous, “Tom o’ Bedlam’s Song” in Giles Earle his Booke (British Museum, Additional MSS. 24, 665):

"Sergeant," said Inspector Gilder, eyeing the black hands with wrath, "aren't you putting the bracelets on this fellow; he looks pretty dangerous."

“警官，”吉尔德警督怒视着那双黑手说道，“你不给这个家伙戴上手铐吗？他看上去很危险。”

1911，G. K. Chesterton，The Three Tools of Death:


alternatively

Observers should keep in mind that these efforts at living alternatively are not easily undertaken; indeed, if they were, more people would be doing what they do.

观察者应该牢记，这些另类生活方式的努力并不容易；事实上，如果这些努力容易的话，那应该会有更多的人去做他们正在做的事情。

1998，Marie D. Hoff (editor)，Sustainable Community Development，頁 99:

Thus, we are creating a new class struggle between those who live within the social system and those who are marginalized or wish to live alternatively.
因此，我们正在生活于现行社会体制内的人们和被边缘化或希望采取别样生活方式的人们之间制造一场新的阶级斗争。

2001, Hans-Peter Martin, Is Globalization a Trap?, published in Keys to the 21st Century (edited by Jérôme Bindé) on page 350:

Devising obviously asks for what we understand as general creativity, like the ability to take an initiative, to invent, to think alternatively, to associate interestingly, to create metaphors and images.
设计显然需要我们所理解的一般创造力，例如采取主动行动的能力、发明的能力、另类思考的能力、有趣的联想的能力、创造隐喻和图像的能力。

2003, Torunn Kjølner and Janek Szatkowski, Dramaturgy in Building Multimedia Performances, published in Production methods: behind the scenes of virtual inhabited 3D worlds: Volume 1 (edited by Kim Halskov Madsen), on page 127:

Most people living alternatively have strong pro-environmental values and, unlike many 'greens' in mainstream society, are generally able to apply their values in day-to-day life.

大多数选择另类生活方式的人都具有强烈的环保价值观，与主流社会中的许多“绿党”不同，他们通常能够在日常生活中践行自己的价值观。

2005，Graham Meltzer，Sustainable Community: Learning from the Cohousing Model，頁 3:


suavity

繼承自中古英語 suavyte、suavite、suavitee，源自中古法語 suavité、拉丁語 suāvitas。

suavity of manners

suavity of language, conversation, or address

[...] nothing, not even the crude curves of the railway, can utterly deform the suavity of contour of one bay after another along the whole reach of the Riviera.

[…] 没有什么，即使是铁路的粗糙曲线，也不能彻底改变整个里维埃拉地区一个又一个海湾的柔和轮廓。

1881，Robert Louis Stevenson，Virginibus Puerisque:


fanny

來自 Fanny Adams。水手们不喜欢作为口粮提供的羊肉罐头，说里头装的是 Fanny Adams 被残忍杀害和肢解后的残骸。

I put on a big fanny of Ky, that is a straight-sided pot of cocoa for them returning.


twat

未知。可能與古諾爾斯語 þveit (“砍伐、割开、森林中的空地”) 有關，若如此，則是 thwaite 的同源對似詞。但也可能只是擬聲詞。

twats (third-person singular present)
twatting (present participle)
twatted (past participle)

Arnold Rimmer: What are we gonna do?

1989, Red Dwarf, series III, episode 3 (Polymorph)

"Umbridge'll twat him into next week."

"I'd love to twat her over the head with this. What d'ya reckon?"
"She'd certainly bleed a lot."

2006，Martyn J. Pass, Dani Pass，Waiting for Red:

That's the only time I have been twatted by someone.

2007，Mark Button，Security Officers And Policing: Powers, Culture and Control in the Governance of Private Space:


incute

incutes (third-person singular present)
incuting (present participle)
incuted (past participle)

This doth incute and beat into our hearts the fear of God, which expelleth sin, and "is the beginning of wisdom."


twatted

more twatted (comparative)
most twatted (superlative)

What kind of a cold-hearted bitch does that, You stinky twatted sadistic whore.

是什么样冷酷无情的婊子会做出这样的事，你这屄臭的虐待狂婊子。

2004，Shane Feldman，Burn: A Bipolar Memoir，頁 114:


tell me about it

you said it

表示有相同的感受，有同樣的體驗；可不是嘛，的確這樣

amen

表示有相同的感受，有同樣的體驗；可不是嘛，的確這樣

表示有相同的感受，有同樣的體驗；可不是嘛，的確這樣

同類詞：you're telling me

"I guess it's a lot of work for a cop to juggle personal relationships." / "Tell me about it."

“我想，对于一名警察来说，处理好个人关系是件很辛苦的事。”/“可不是嘛。”

1996，J. D. Robb，Immortal in Death，頁 183:

"Go sit with him. I think he's a little depressed. It's not easy to grow old." / "Tell me about it."

“去陪他坐坐吧，我觉得他有点郁闷，人老了不容易。”/“你说得没错。”

2007，Daniel Silva，The Secret Servant，頁 364:

"We're on the Air Force family planning routine. Mitch's been out of town so much we haven't even had a chance to try and get pregnant." / "Tell me about it."

2008，Sara Rosett，Staying Home Is a Killer，頁 90:


kahu

Riding along the road near the Whenuakura river, I observed a kahu pursuing a small bird (apparently a ground lark) high in the air.

1879，Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand，頁 368:


dupatta

借自印地語 दुपट्टा (dupaṭṭā) / 烏爾都語 دوپَٹَّہ (dopaṭṭa)。

杜帕塔 （自17世紀起）

Her dupatta slipped from her shoulders, as he encircled her waist with one hand.

當他用一隻手摟住她的腰時，她的杜帕塔從肩膀上滑落。

2011，Arupa Patangia Kalita，譯者 Deepika Phukan, The Story of Felanee:

Red bangles are stacked all the way to her elbows and her glittering scarlet dupatta is pinned to the high mound of her hair.

紅色手鐲一直戴到她的手肘，閃閃發光的猩紅色杜帕塔別在高高的髮髻上。

2023，Radhika Iyengar，Fire on the Ganges，Fourth Estate，頁 284:


pejoratively

more pejoratively (comparative)
most pejoratively (superlative)

Despite their number and their assimilationist proclivities, Filipino Punjabis are sometimes pejoratively called 'five-six Indians'.

尽管菲律宾旁遮普人人数众多且具有同化倾向，但他们有时被贬义地称为“放高利貸的印度人”。

2006，Brij V. Lal, Peter Reeves, Rajesh Rai，The Encyclopedia of the Indian Diaspora:


annumerate

借自拉丁語 annumerat-，annumerō (“點算；計入”) 的完成被動分詞詞幹。

annumerates (third-person singular present)
annumerating (present participle)
annumerated (past participle)

There are omissions of other kinds, which will deserve to be annumerated to these by being either total, or notorious, or upon the score of some other circumstance

1722，William Wollaston，The Religion of Nature Delineated:


Higgs boson

源自 Higgs + boson; 以英國物理學家彼得·希格斯命名，他因提出現在所謂的希格斯機制而受到讚譽。由韓裔美國的理論物理學家Benjamin W. Lee 被普遍認為是這個術語的創造者。

The existence of a Higgs boson would be the simplest solution to the problem of electroweak symmetry breaking.

1987，Robert N. Cahn，“The Search for a Heavy Higgs Boson at the SSC”, in New and Exotic Phenomena: Proceedings of the Seventh Moriond Workshop，頁 468:

We also know other things about the Higgs boson. If it were much more massive, a problem would occur. Since Higgs bosons interact with particles with a large mass, Higgs bosons would also interact with themselves (as they have mass too). This “self interaction” puts an upper limit on the mass of the Higgs boson as less than about 500-1000 GeV.

2004，Don Lincoln，Understanding the Universe: 源自Quarks to the Cosmos，頁 239:

In the higher Higgs boson mass domain, the Higgs boson decays dominantly to a pair of b-quarks.

2011，Christopher G. Tully，Elementary Particle Physics in a Nutshell，頁 255:

Have you ever heard about the Higgs Boson Blues? / I'm going down to Geneva, baby / Gonna teach it to you

2013，“Higgs Boson Blues”, in Nick Cave 作詞, Push the Sky Away，演出者 Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds:


sea horse

繼承自中古英語 sehors (“海象”)，等價於 sea + horse。可能仿譯自法語棄用詞 cheval de mer，或直接來自晚期拉丁語 caballus marinus。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sea horse.wav

One morning we had vast quantities of sea-horses about the ship, which neighed exactly like any other horses.

一天早上，我们在船周围发现了大量的海象，它们发出的嘶鸣声和其他马的叫声一模一样。

1789，Olaudah Equiano，章號 9, in The Interesting Narrative，卷 I:


cingle

繼承自中古英語 sengle，源自古法語 sengle、cengle（現代法語 sangle），源自晚期拉丁語 cingula，源自拉丁語 cingulum (“腰带”)，源自 cingere (“系紧”)。cinch 的同源對似詞。亦對照中古英語 kyngle、kyngll (“腰带，胸针”) ← 古諾爾斯語 kinga (“胸针”)。

A triangle of arcs, her slip, flag red, and her friend with a swimmer’s back and saucery hollows in his solidly boxed buttocks was cupped into a gauze pouch and cingle.

1990，Guy Davenport，The Drummer of the Eleventh North Devonshire Fusiliers:


ciabatta

借自意大利語 ciabatta (“拖鞋”)。sabot 的同源對似詞。

Don't waste day-old ciabatta; slice it and bake the slices to make crostini, which will keep for days and can be used for snacks, canapés, or croutons.

不要浪费隔夜的恰巴塔面包；将其切片并烘烤成面包片，可以保存数天并可用于小吃、开胃小菜或面包丁。

2011，Caroline Bretherton，Illustrated Step-by-Step Baking，頁 426:


fuckable

Each time he walked away from those short skirts, he risked some cock taking over his flock of fuckables.

每次他離開那些短裙，他都冒著被某隻雞巴奪走他那群可操的女人的風險。


limning

In the limnings, or miniatures, painted by the court artist Lavina Teerlinc she resembles her lovely grandmother, the King's late younger sister, Mary Tudor, the French Queen.

在宫廷艺术家拉维娜·蒂尔林克绘制的素描或细密画中，她与她可爱的祖母、国王已故的妹妹、法国王后玛丽·都铎十分相似。

2009，Leanda de Lisle，The Sisters Who Would Be Queen:


tst

'What did you give for that?'
'A shilling, ma'am.'
'Tst! tst! tst!' said the old lady, disapprovingly.

“你花了多少钱买的？”
“一先令，夫人。”
“啧！啧！啧！”老太太不以为然地说。

1870，Juliana Horatia Ewing，“An Idyll of the Wood”, in The Brownies and Other Tales:

“How about chloroform burns?” suggested Parker.
“Tst, tst,” said the doctor, annoyed at not having thought of this himself […]

“那氯仿烧伤呢？”帕克建议道。
“啧啧啧，”医生懊恼地说道，他自己怎么没想到这一点……


kaw

Over half of the crows anticipated the feeder, and peered in the window of the building from whence the crow feeder would emerge prior to a feeding session. A majority also called loudly with a short staccato sequence of 3–5 kaws at the start of the feeding session.

2013，Guenther Witzany，Biocommunication of Animals，頁 197:


mim

meem (阿拉伯文字母)的另一種寫法。

The esoteric identity and importance of the Perso-Arabic letter, mim, and its Bengali equivalent, ma, were stressed. The letter, when added to Ahad, made Ahmad and Muhammad as well.

2014，Asim Roy，The Islamic Syncretistic Tradition in Bengal，頁 124:


ack

字母 A，用於信号和其他类型的通信

They had to begin at the beginning: learning the Morse code, flag-wagging, a succession of acks, and practice on the buzzer.

1929，Frederic Manning，The Middle Parts of Fortune，Vintage, 出版於 2014，頁 173:


mountainer

[…] in the Countrey of Attica there were as many factions as there were diuerse sorts of the territorie: for the Mountainers were Democraticall; those of the champion countrey, Oligarchical; and they that dwelt neer the sea, desired a middle kind of gouernement […]

1598，John Dee（譯者）, 亞里斯多德《政治學》，London: Adam Islip, Book 5, Chapter 3, p. 267:

He also sent Embassadors to the Mountainers of the Pyrenes, & to the Gaules, to obtaine a quiet passage:

1614，Walter Raleigh，The History of the World，London: Walter Burre, Part 1, Book 5, Chapter 3, p. 427:

Vossius […] makes the highest MOUNTAIN there not to exceed Ten Furlongs; Which, saith Vossius, it is scarce possible for any one to reach, unless he be a Mountainer born; any other will scarce be able to ascend above Six Furlongs perpendicular;

1693，Thomas Pope Blount，A Natural History，London: R. Bentley，頁 374:


antitumor

Aziridines are present as structural motifs in a variety of strongly biologically active compounds such as azinomycins A and B […] which are potent antitumors as well as antibiotic agents[…]

氮丙啶作为结构基序存在于多种具有强生物活性的化合物中，例如氮丙啶A和B […] ，它们是有效的抗肿瘤剂和抗生素剂 […]

2009，Jacques Royer，Asymmetric synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles，頁 3:


hydra

源自希臘神話中的 Hydra，每当它的一个头被砍掉，就会长出两个新头；“水螅”则暗指九头蛇采用的无性繁殖的萌芽方式，类似于长出新头；比喻义则指这种生物无法被迅速果断的手段杀死（与 Gordian knot 相反）。

hydras (plural)
hydrae (plural)
hydræ (plural)

复杂、繁多而无法轻易快速地解决的问题或情况

Because the statute is so vaguely worded, award decisions are habitually based on case law, the growing mountain of which is a hydra of rulings that point in so many directions that almost any decision can be defended or overturned on appeal, depending on how smart your lawyer is and which precedent he selects to argue your case.

由于该法规措辞非常模糊，裁决通常以案例法为基础，而案例法堆积如山，就像九头蛇一样指向多个方向，几乎任何裁决都可以通过上诉得到辩护或推翻，这取决于你的律师有多聪明以及他选择哪个先例来为你辩护。

2009，Kris Frieswick，Till Death Do Us Pay:


sexuale

Incidentally, it may be stated that beside the sexuale mentioned above, no other sexuale of any aphid species had been known to occur in Bihar.

1976，The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society，頁 417:

Early mating individuals in a population producing sexuales late are more likely to mate with members of a population producing sexuales early and vice versa.

2012，A. F. G. Dixon，Aphid Ecology: An optimization approach，頁 56:


négligée

借自法語 négligée f (過去分詞、形容詞)，源自法語 négligé m (“衣着不得体；宽松的衣服”，過去分詞，形容詞、名詞), négliger (“忽略，忽視，疏忽”) 的過去分詞，源自拉丁語 negligere。

nightie

女式宽松睡袍/晨衣，尤指较短、带蕾丝和/或暴露者 （自19世紀）

十八世纪女性的轻便长袍 （18-19世紀）

[S]he had on a lilac Negligee, Gause Cuffs trimmed richly, with Flowers and spangles, spangled shoes, Bows of Gause and Flowers, and a Cap!

1777，Frances Burney，Journals & Letters，Penguin, 出版於 2001，頁 78:


shanghai

最早出自1871年，來自中國重要港口 Shanghai (“上海”)，用作動詞，指美國西海岸一些船運商以前強行徵召船員到太平洋捕魚或航運的做法。

shanghae (alternative)
shangeye (alternative)
shanghais (plural)

該雞品種現在一般被歸類為婆羅門雞和交趾雞。

一種體型較大、腿較長、脛部有羽毛的雞。

Cochins or Shanghaes.

1853，W.B. Tegetmeier，Profitable Poultry，頁 19:

飛鏢遊戲，玩家會逐漸被淘汰（「被坑」），通常是因為在 3 次快速投擲中未能達到特定分數，或者在比賽中先擊中某個預先選擇的數字，然後成為第一個擊中其他玩家預先選擇的數字的人。

‘Shanghai’ may be played by teams of 8, in pairs, individually, or, in fact, any number.

「上海」遊戲可以由 8 人一組、兩人一組、單人一組或任意人數進行。

The hot twenty—including local favourites George Simmons, Tony Brown, Mick Norris and Lew Walker—have to sweat through nineteen 501s, one 1,001, one 2,001, one round-the-board-on-doubles, one shanghai and one halve-it.

這 20 名熱門選手（包括當地最受歡迎的喬治·西蒙斯、托尼·布朗、米克·諾里斯和盧·沃克）必須完成 19 項 501 賽事、1 項 1,001 賽事、1 項 2,001 賽事、1 項雙打比賽、1 項上海賽和 1 項半程比賽。


languescent

源自拉丁語；參見 languescō。

[S]carcely have the languescent mercenary Fifteen Thousand laid down their tools […]

1837，Thomas Carlyle，The French Revolution: A History […]，卷 (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, (please specify the book or page number):

It had long been languescent and its revival in 1791 was due to the energy of Home Tooke; its membership was chiefly middle-class.

1939，British common people, 1746-1938，頁 139:

She arrived at the cabin at that late hour of the evening when the languescent river darkened to green-black satin, […]

2002，Frances Myers，Swan: A Novel, →ISBN，頁 217:


expilator

借自拉丁語 expīlātor，源自 expīlō。

for which the most barbarous Expilators found the most civill Rhetorick

最野蛮的劫掠者也找到了最文明的修辞手段

1658，Sir Thomas Browne，Urne-Burial，Penguin, 出版於 2005，頁 26:


come what may

If you vant a more polished sort o' feller, vell and good, have him; but vages or no vages, notice or no notice, board or no board, lodgin' or no lodgin', Sam Veller, as you took from the old inn in the Borough, sticks by you, come what may.

如果你想要一個更有品位的人，那好吧，隨你；但是無論有工資與否、有通知與否、有食宿與否，薩姆·維勒無論如何都會陪在你身邊，正如從老旅館帶你走的那樣。

1837，Charles Dickens，章號 56, in The Pickwick Papers:

[W]e are here of a set purpose and we will go forward with it, come what may.

我們來這裡是有明確的目的，我們會堅持下去，無論發生什麼事。

1906，Arthur Conan Doyle，章號 21, in Sir Nigel:

Still, now the prime minister remains "on message," reiterating that the election will be held in January, come what may.

然而，現在首相仍然保持「一致的立場」，重申選舉無論如何都將在一月舉行。

2004年September23日，Tony Karon，“Allawi Rides to Bush's Rescue”, in Time:

May it be, come what may, that I rest all my days in the goodness of Jesus.

願我不管怎樣，都能在耶穌的慈愛中安息直到終老。

2018，Fiona Aghajanian, Harrison Druery, Michael Farren, Jaywan Maxwell, Jonny Robinson, Rich Thompson （作曲作詞）, “The Goodness of Jesus”, in Yet Not I:


ducks

水手在炎热气候下穿着的轻便裤子

His spotless white ducks set tight about the hips, and hang loosely at the bottom, just allowing the tips of a pair of patent-leather pumps to peep out from beneath their ample breadth.

1856，Charles Nordhoff，Nine Years a Sailor:


deuces

再見，回見（因為對應的手勢舉起兩根手指）

Nigga! You got until tonight to get your shit, deuces nigga!

哥们！你今晚之前得把东西拿走，回头见！


attinge

借自拉丁語 attingō (“觸碰”)。attain和attainder 的同源對似詞。

attinges (third-person singular present)
attinging (present participle)
attinged (past participle)

ambient parts of the Body (which are attinged with its yellow Attire)

1685，Samuel Collins，A Systeme Of Anatomy:


beautifulest

[…] and thy dear Baby Charles, as chance had ordered, had a fair sight of the beautifulest of princesses, Henrietta Maria, sister to the king […]

1857，Benjamin Franklin Tefft，The shoulder-knot; or, Sketches of the three-fold life of man: A story of the seventeenth century，Harper &d Brothers，頁s 175–6:

"I saw the beautifulest dress displayed in the window; the color was one of the delicatest blues I ever saw."

1922，Charles N. Lurie，How to say it: helpful hints on English，G.P. Putnam's sons，頁 23:

They were the beautifulest boys I ever laid eyes on, and uncle sot great store by them.

1970, Jane Grey Cannon Swisshelm and Paul Dennis Sporer, Half a Century, Anza Publishing, p. 34:

But one was the most beautifullest in the town. She was the most beautifullest in the whole kingdom. And the queen and king invited the most beautifullest girl in town to their palace.

2003，Sandra Smidt，The Early Years，頁 166:

Hattie said, "Yes, we are all beautiful but I'm the beautifulest!"

2008，Lee Green Pope，The Cinderella Diary:

"Mama, Pawpaw says I'm the most beautifulest girl in the whole wide world," Onyx said proudly.

2009，Lutishia Lovely，A Preacher's Passion，頁 126:


bewend

繼承自中古英語 bewenden、biwenden，繼承自古英語 bewendan (“轉”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *biwandijan，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *biwandijaną。By surface analysis, be- + wend。

bewends (third-person singular present)
bewending (present participle)
bewent (past participle)
bewended (past participle)

Glowing under day's warm sunning, Sparkling with thy ripples' running, Taking to thee brooks and rills, Valley-draining, dell-bewending, Water-taking, water- sending, Down to dairy farms and mills, [...]

1971，William Barnes，One hundred poems - Page 62:

In between modern technics, nearlier spoken the wale-bewended modern logistic outlaying of thinking and speaking, has already set oversetting machines in going.


synonymic

He intended to publish a flora of the island, and drafted out a synonymic catalogue, into which he inserted from time to time elaborate descriptions drawn up from living specimens of the species which he was able to procure.

1999，J. G. Baker，Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles:


antonymic

more antonymic (comparative)
most antonymic (superlative)

同類詞：coordinate、cohyponymous、parasynonymous、plesionymic、plesionymous、antiphrastic

Similarly, antonymic relationships vary by sense.

同样，反义关系也因意义而异。

2003，M. Lynne Murphy，Semantic Relations and the Lexicon: Antonymy, Synonymy and Other Paradigms，頁 30:


defenestrate

defenestration 的逆構詞，源自拉丁語 de- (“從，出”) + fenestra (“窗戶”)。

defenestrates (third-person singular present)
defenestrating (present participle)
defenestrated (past participle)

从权力或权威的位置上移除或开除

The cultural historians of science 'feel the need to defenestrate science, or at least take it off its pedestal' (Pumfrey. Rossi & Slawinski 1991. p. 3).

1998，Barry J. Fraser, Kenneth George Tobin，International Handbook of Science Education，卷 2:

Ever since he helped to defenestrate Richard Nixon in 1974, Mr Woodward has been a sort of super-reporter ...

自从1974年帮助将理查德·尼克松赶下台以来，伍德沃德先生一直是一位超级记者……

According to the guidebooks, they do it so strenuously that women would very much like to defenestrate the custom.

2004，Mary Carey, Kim Berquist，Writing from a Small Country: Anthology of the Creative Writing Club, Luxembourg:


listy

more listy (comparative)
most listy (superlative)

Yes it will be helpful to make a list. I am a very 'listy' sort of person. And lists are very good when you are running out of motivation and impetus.

是的，列个清单会很有帮助。我是个很喜欢列清单的人。当你缺乏动力和动力的时候，清单就非常有用。

1999，Dominic H. Lam, Steven H. Jones, Peter Hayward，Cognitive Therapy for Bipolar Disorder:


foederatus

借自拉丁語 foederātus (“同盟的”)，源自 foedus (“联盟；条约”)。

/fiːdɛˈɹɑːtəs/

受条约约束的“联盟”部落，既不是罗马殖民地，也没有被授予罗马公民身份，但在发生动乱时要提供一支战斗人员队伍

In the middle stage, the Reges Gothorum saw themselves as something better than mere foederati.

2011，Norman Davies，Vanished Kingdoms，Penguin, 出版於 2012，頁 23:


fum

fums (third-person singular present)
fumming (present participle)
fummed (past participle)

Follow me, and fum as you go.

c. 1604，Thomas Dekker, John Webster，Westward Ho:


troopship

[…] the Duke of Rothesay and the Duke of York, however, are serving as troopships to and from Harwich, and it is unlikely that they will be released for some time to come.

然而，罗司榭公爵号和约克公爵号正在充当往返哈里奇的运兵船，而且在未来一段时间内不太可能离队。

1946 May and June，“Notes and News: Anglo-Irish Steamship Fleets”, in Railway Magazine，頁 185:

The former, on the other hand, would put his troopships safely out of its reach.

另一方面，前者会将他的运兵船安全地置于其攻击范围之外。

1990，Peter Hopkirk，The Great Game，Folio Society, 出版於 2010，頁 65:


Muse

繼承自中古英語 Muse，源自拉丁語 Musa，源自古希臘語 Μοῦσα (Moûsa)。

存在複數 Musae，但比 Muses 罕見得多。

And hears the Muſes in a ring,
Ay round about Joves Altar ſing.

听到缪斯们在宙斯
祭坛周围歌唱。


ziz

Well one lunch-time when we're full of soup and sausages and tea, and we're just off to the bungalow to get the old feet up for half an hour or so, and maybe a quick ziz with a bit of luck, we hear a chirpy sort of small-size growl in the spring sky […]

1998，Harold Strachan，Way Up, Way Out，頁 126:


UFO religion

Raelians follow a UFO religion.

More particularly, and important for understanding much UFO religions, is Blavatsky's belief that certain masters dwelt on Venus.

更具体地，对于理解许多幽浮宗教来说，重要的是布拉瓦茨基相信某些大师居住在金星上。

2003，Christopher Hugh Partridge，UFO religions，Routledge，頁 10:

UFO religions are even stranger than science fiction.

幽浮宗教比科幻小说更奇怪。

2004，Susan J. Palmer，Aliens adored: Raël's UFO religion，Rutgers University Press，頁 3:

UFO religions drink deeply from the waters of occulture, while, at the same time, seeking to reconcile their ideas with a contemporary secular and scientific worldview.

幽浮宗教深受神秘文化的影响，同时又试图将其思想与当代世俗和科学世界观相协调。

2006，Christopher Hugh Partridge，The re-enchantment of the West: alternative spiritualities, sacralization, popular culture, and occulture，Continuum International Publishing Group，頁 167:


blinden

blindens (third-person singular present)
blindening (present participle)
blindened (past participle)

The race for success has blindened him, making him incapable to lucidly appraise his work and to judge it by higher and more exacting standards than those prevailing in local, more modest competitions.

She laughed at my attempt, and I got a pull of the ears for daring to blinden myself.

2008，Olabisi Gwamna，Dancing with Shadows and Other Stories: