cockroach

來自西班牙語 cucaracha (“潮蟲”)，來自cuca (“毛毛蟲”)，源自擬聲詞；參見希臘語κόκκυξ (kókkux)、晚期拉丁語cucus。民間說法認為源自cock + roach。cucaracha 的同源對似詞。


Rock

這個名字很少見，但在1950年代時曾因一名叫Rock Hudson的美國電影明星而風靡一時。

當用作直布羅陀、惡魔島監獄、紐芬蘭的暱稱時，前冠的the通常大寫。

the Rock：下列地方的暱稱
烏盧魯的暱稱


cheque

I was not carrying cash, so I wrote a cheque for the amount.

我没有带现金，所以我写了一张支票。

They do not, however, all deal with the same banker, and when A gives a cheque to B, B usually pays it not into the same but into some other bank.

然而，他们并不都与同一家银行打交道，当 A 给 B 一张支票时，B 通常不是将支票存入同一家银行，而是存入另一家银行。

1848，John Stuart Mill，Principles of Political Economy [政治經濟學原理]，出版於 1920，頁 62:

Sometimes abbreviations are used (which would be explained on the statement) and only the last three figures of the cheque number may be given. ‘Sundries’ are cash or cheques paid into the account.
有时会使用缩写（会在声明中解释），并且只能提供支票号码的最后三位数字。“杂项”是指存入账户的现金或支票。

1999, Sam Seunarine, Office Procedures for the Caribbean, 2nd edition, reprinted 2001, page 126,

You can avoid dealing with paper cheques — written or printed — by paying your bills online.

您可以通过在线支付账单来避免处理纸质支票——无论是手写的还是印刷的。

2007，Eric Tyson，Tony Martin，Personal Finance for Canadians for Dummies:

The daily cheque clearings began around 1770 when bank clerks met at the Five Bells (a tavern in Lombard Street in the City of London) to exchange all their cheques in one place and settle the balances in cash.
每日支票结算始于1770年左右，当时银行职员在 Five Bells（伦敦金融城倫巴底街的一家小酒馆）会面，在一个地方兑换所有支票并以现金结算余额。

2009, R. Rajesh, T. Sivagnanasithi, Banking Theory Law & Practice, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, page 206,


fortnight

繼承自中古英語 fourtenight、fourten night，繼承自古英語 fēowertīene niht (“十四夜、十四天”)，等價於 fourteen + night。對照 sennight。

[ˈfɔ˞ʔ.nɐɪ̯t̚]

[ˈfɔəʔ.nɐjʔ]

On being kicked the girl fell desperately in love with Henri, and for a fortnight they lived together and spent a thousand francs of Henri's money.

1933年January9日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，章號 1, in Down and Out in Paris and London，London: Victor Gollancz […], →OCLC:

The “lame duck” Johnson Administration, in its final fortnight in office, grappled last week with a diplomatic hot potato in the form of the latest Soviet proposal for a “just and lasting” Middle East peace settlement.

1969年January12日，Benjamin Welles，“A Hot Potato for Nixon”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


encyclopaedia

encyclopaedias (plural)
encyclopaediae (plural)


cheerio

/ˈtʃɪəɹ.i.əʊ/

/ˈt͡ʃɪəɹ.i.oʊ/

在北美很少使用。儘管其他人可能可以理解，但這個詞可能被視作幽默用法，且可能被用來模仿英式英語使用者。

"In that case," said Archie, relieved, "cheerio, good luck, pip-pip, toodle-oo, and good-bye-ee! I'll be shifting!"

「這樣的話，」阿奇鬆了口氣，「再見，祝你好運，再見，再見，再見！我要走了！」

1921，P. G. Wodehouse，Indiscretions of Archie, ch. XIII. Rallying Round Percy:

But we all knew it wasn't the final end of the HST. This wasn't "goodbye", more like a "cheerio", see you someplace soon.

但我們都知道這並不是 HST 的最終結束。 這不是「goodbye」，更像是「cheerio」很快就會在某個地方見到你。

2019年October23日，Pip Dunn，“The next king of Scotland”, in Rail，頁 50:


cheerio

/ˈtʃɪəɹ.i.əʊ/

/ˈt͡ʃɪəɹ.i.oʊ/

一種小香腸，在聚會上經常搭配番茄醬一起食用

The man who has gone around the cocktail circuit pounding cheerios to the end of time did not come in here and open his mouth once on the Bill.

1978，New Zealand. Parliament. House of Representatives，Parliamentary Debates，頁 4230:


feed

繼承自中古英語 fede、fed，源自詞源1。

One proposed going to Hungerford-market to do a feed on decayed shrimps or other offal laying about the market; another proposed going to Covent-garden to do a 'tightener' of rotten oranges, to which I was humorously invited; […]

184?, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor

"There won't be any more blessed concerts for a million years or so; there won't be any Royal Academy of Arts, and no nice little feeds at restaurants."

1898，H.G. Wells，The War of the Worlds，London: William Heinemann，頁 257:


glowworm

繼承自中古英語 glouworm；等同於glow + worm。
對照德語 Glühwurm。


mayonnaise

非同化借詞，源自法語 mayonnaise，可能以梅諾卡島的 Maó (西班牙語為 Mahón) 市命名，該食譜就是從那裡傳回法國的。對比西班牙語 mahonesa。其他建議的起源包括貝雲市（bayonnaise）；馬耶訥公爵和法語中的單字 manier (“處理”) 或古法語中的 moyeu（即蛋黃）。

Mayonnaise (alternative)
mayonnaises (plural)

Rancey and our coach, Damien Hardwick, still both joke that "Dimma" tried to off-load him for a sixpack of beers and a bucket of chips in his first few years, but I think they both put some mayonnaise on the story these days.

蘭西和我們的教練達米安哈德威克仍然開玩笑說，「迪瑪」在他最初的幾年裡試圖用六罐啤酒和一桶薯片來打發他，但我認為他們現在都在這個故事上加了一些誇大的成分。

2017年March2日，Trent Cotchin，“Alex Rance is one of the most competitive humans that has walked the planet, writes Trent Cotchin”, in Herald Sun，Melbourne，存檔自the original on 2024-06-22:

If he had a reputation among supporters of playing for free kicks he wasn't aware of it and no one from the AFL or coaches spoke to him specifically about changing his style. But he admits, he would "put some mayonnaise" on top of what defenders had done to him to ensure the umpires were aware of what was happening.

如果他在支持者中以踢自由球而聞名，他並沒有意識到這一點，也沒有 AFL 的人或教練專門與他談過改變他的風格。但他承認，他會在防守球員對他的行為上“誇張”一些，以確保裁判知道發生了什麼。

2020年August27日，Peter Ryan，“The (football) world is a stage, and players think umpires should police it”, in The Age，Melbourne:


pomegranate

石榴（意思1）
石榴樹（意思2）
名詞衍生自中古英語 pome-garnet、pome-garnete、pome garnate、pome granat、pome-granate (“石榴果；石榴樹；石榴種子(?)”) [以及其他形式]，來自盎格魯-諾曼語 pome gernate、pomme gernette、中古法語 pomme granade、pomme granate、pomme grenade、和古法語 pome grenade、pome grenate、pomme grenate [以及其他形式] (現代法語 grenade)，可能來自意大利語 pomogranato、pomo granato (雖然是後來才被證實)，和其他可能的說法：
* 來自意大利語 pomo (“果實、梨果；蘋果”) + 拉丁語 (mālum) grānātum、(mālo)grānātum (“石榴”)；或
* 直接來自中世紀拉丁語 pōmum garnātum、pōmum grānātum (“石榴”)，來自拉丁語 pōmum (“果實；果樹”) + grānātum (“石榴”)。Pōmum的源頭可能衍生自原始印歐語 *h₂po-h₁ém-os (“脫下”) (摘除植物的意思上)，來自*h₂epó (“離開；關閉”) + *h₁em- (“分發；拿”)；然而grānātum是衍生自grānātus (“有一些穀物或種子”)，來自grānum (“穀物、種子、小果仁”) (可能源頭來自原始印歐語 *ǵerh₂- (“成熟，老成”) + *-nós (動詞性形容詞後綴)) + -ātus (表示從名詞擁有某種質量或事物的形容詞後綴)。
形容詞衍生自名詞。

/ˈpɒmɪ(ˌ)ɡɹænɪt/

/ˈpɑmɪˌɡɹænɪt/

/ˈpɑməˌɡɹænət/

/ˈpɑmˌɡɹænət/

具有英國血統的人，尤指（最近）移民到澳大利亞的人


biro

源自 BIC 公司生產的 BIRO 品牌鋼筆，該品牌以鋼筆的發明者比羅·拉斯洛（Bíró László József）命名。

Massimo's finger was poised above red on his multi-coloured biro like a kangaroo frozen in headlights.

2007, Karen Foxlee, The Anatomy of Wings, page 250,


yellow box

yellowbox (alternative)
yellow boxes (plural)

‘[T]he old man would sit his horse out there in the shade of a yellowbox that grew just outside the garden fence.’

2002, Alex Miller, Journey to the Stone Country, Allen & Unwin 2003, p. 61:


manoeuvre

源自中古法語 manœuvre (“操作”)，manouvrer (“操作，調動”) ← 古法語 manovre (“體力勞動”) ← 中世紀拉丁語 manopera, manuopera (“手上工作”)，manu (“用手”) + operari (“工作”)，可能源自古法蘭克語 *handwerc (“手上工作”)。對比古英語 handweorc, 古英語 handġeweorc, 德語 Handwerk。

maneuver的英國、加拿大、愛爾蘭、南非、澳大利亞和新西蘭拼寫法


manoeuvre

manoeuvres (third-person singular present)
manoeuvring (present participle)
manoeuvred (past participle)

maneuver的英國、加拿大、愛爾蘭、南非、澳大利亞和新西蘭拼寫法


sprog

起於20世紀40年代，原為軍隊俚語，可能源自舊詞sprag (“活潑的年輕男子”)，源頭不明。

To test this hypothesis further, he and his mate Fifer persuaded 16 women, heavy with child, to read a story called The Cat in the Hat to their unborn sprogs, twice a day, during the last few weeks of their pregnancies.

1984 September 13, Donald Gould, Forum: Suck it and see, page 54,

Kids will love the climbing wall and NZ′s highest vertical slide. If the sprogs get bored with reality, movie make-believe (p232) is right next door.

2010, Brett Atkinson, Sarah Bennett, Scott Kennedy, New Zealand′s South Island, Lonely Planet, page 220,


sprog

sprogs (third-person singular present)
sprogging (present participle)
sprogged (past participle)

You must have been terrified, it′s not like today with film stars sprogging babies everywhere.

2007, Libby Purves, Love Songs and Lies, unnumbered page,

‘Women lose their sexual drive after they′ve sprogged,’ Norman Potting interjected.
“女人生過孩子之後就沒有性慾了。”Norman Potting 插嘴道。

2009, Peter James, Dead Tomorrow, unnumbered page,

The kid was fathered by the same guy who sprogged into Debbie Finch′s throat.

2004, Kathryn Fox, Malicious Intent, Pan MacMillan Australia, unnumbered page,


pom

在澳大利亞，最早出現於1912年。源自pomegranate〈俚〉原義“石榴”，此處表示“移民”，指澳大利亞的毒辣太陽能把英國移民的皮膚曬得像石榴一般紅。

I could see more than mere humour in car stickers that read ‘Grow your own Dope: Plant a Pom’ ... ‘Keep Australia Beautiful: Shoot a Pom’.

1987, Linda Christmas, The Ribbon and the Ragged Square: An Australian Journey, page 27,

The prize for being Australia′s original pom goes to the enterprising pirate William Dampier, who made the first investigations ashore about 40 years after Tasman and nearly 100 years before Cook.

1989, Tony Wheeler, Australia: A Travel Survival Kit, Lonely Planet, page 10,

At one stage a group called British People Against Racial Discrimination complained to the Advertising Standards Board in Australia about an advert for Tooheys beer that claimed it was ‘cold enough to scare a Pom’.

2008, Lawrence Booth, Cricket, Lovely Cricket?, page 214,


Caesarean section

可能音變自拉丁語短語 a caesō mātris uterō (“[出生]自母親子宮的切口”)，可能是凱撒名字的由來。參見Caesar、caedō，以及英語維基百科條目Caesarean section § Etymology。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/EN-AU ck1 Caesarean section.ogg


scull

參見skull。動詞義可能派生自丹麥語/挪威語/瑞典語 skål。

sculls (third-person singular present)
sculling (present participle)
sculled (past participle)

In 1954, Bob Hawke made the Guinness Book of Records for sculling 2.5 pints of beer in 11 seconds.

2005, Jane Egginton, Working and Living Australia, The Sunday Times, Cadogan Guides, UK, page 59,

That way you get your opponent so gassed up from sculling beer that all he can think about is trying to burp without spewing.

2005, Stefan Laszczuk, The Goddamn Bus of Happiness, page 75,

For a livelier scene, head here on Friday or Saturday night, when mass beer-sculling (chugging) and yodeling are accompanied by a brass band and costumed waitresses ferrying foaming beer steins about the atmospheric, cellarlike space.

2006, Marc Llewellyn, Lee Mylne, Frommer′s Australia from $60 a Day, 14th Edition, page 133,

After a three-day Torquay-to-Sydney road trip with his hosts, Noll rejoined his American temmates, unshaven and stinking of alcohol, the Team USA badge ripped from his warm-up jacket and replaced by an Aussie-made patch of Disney character Gladstone Gander sculling a frothy mug of beer.

2010, Matt Warshaw, The History of Surfing, page 136,

I sipped it. It was thick and sweet and yuck. It went somewhere and did something I couldn't pinpoint. I sculled the rest.


dogman

吊車司機的助手，主要幫忙扣緊貨物和指揮操作員。

Accordingly, during 1972 the union embarked upon a concerted campaign to enforce the use of two dogmen on each crane.

1998, Meredith Burgmann, Verity Burgmann, Green Bans, Red Union: Environmental Activism and the New South Wales Builders Labourers′ Federation, page 108,

The usual crane crew required for operation of the site was one crane driver and two dogmen, but the BLF insisted that the builder keep a relief crane driver and a relief dogman permanently on site.

2005, Henry Pollack, The Accidental Developer: The Fascinating Rise to the Top of Mirvac Founder Henry Pollack, page 243,

The only work I had done as a dogman was to use a crane on the back of a truck ‘slinging loads’ and work the crane and truck myself.

2010, Raymond D. Clements, Aussie Rogue, page 59,


sool

sools (third-person singular present)
sooling (present participle)
sooled (past participle)

一般用“sool 某人 onto 某人/某物”的結構。

She went quickly towards her camp, calling softly, "Birree gougou," which meant "Sool 'em, sool 'em," and was the signal for the dogs to come out.

1896, K. Langloh Parker, Australian Legendary Tales, Nutt, page 91:

So he had to satisfy his lust for homicide with passing on the urges of the Propagandists and sooling the able-bodied off to war and hounding pacifists and enemies into retirement.

1938, Xavier Herbert, Capricornia, Chapter VIII, pp. 120-121, https://archive.org/details/capricornianovel00herb


potato chip

薯條，將馬鈴薯切成長條狀進行油炸的食物；可稱呼為chip或chipped potato，一般比美國所稱的french fries要大。

I'll take a potato chip, and eat it!

2007年December8日，“目線 [視線]”, in デスノート [死亡筆記]，spoken by 夜神月 (Brad Swaile), Ocean Productions, 經由 Adult Swim:


tote

He was a humorist of note and keen at repartee,

1892, Banjo Paterson, The Man from Ironbark


public transport

The Airports National Policy Statement objectives require the proportion of journeys made to the airport by passengers to be at least 50% by public transport by 2030 and 55% by 2040.

2019 October，John Glover，“Heathrow rail expansion”, in Modern Railways，頁 71:


squirt

源自中古英語 squirten、squyrten，源頭不明；可能是擬聲詞。類似swirl。對比低地德語 swirtjen。

Hey squirt! Where you been?

Hurd returns with Mal, Mr. Eph, and Gumbo, the “town squirt” of twelve, and the boys′ activities come out.

1986, Alethea Helbig, Agnes Perkins, Cutlass Island, entry in Dictionary of American Children′s Fiction, 1960-1984: Recent Books of Recognized Merit, page 137,

How the child managed to converse and fold at the same time was a marvel, yet the shirt lay in a tidy rectangle by the time she came up for air.

2010, Karen Witemeyer, A Tailor-Made Bride, Bethany House Publishers, US, page 66,


apples

* (台階)： 源自考克尼押韻俚語 apples and pears。
* (好的東西)： 源自澳洲押韻俚語 apples and spice 或 apples and rice。


trapezium

最早記錄出現在1570年，古典借詞，源自晚期拉丁語 trapezium，源自古希臘語 τραπέζιον (trapézion，“不規則四邊形的”，字面意思是“小桌子”)，τράπεζα (trápeza，“桌子”)的指小詞。trapeze 的同源對似詞。

(几何学)： 對比世界上其他地方，只有美國和加拿大在 trapezium 和 trapezoid 的釋義上發生了互換。


cuts

‘I′ll give you something to keep you awake, McFadyen!’ Ape shouted.

1995, Bill Marsh, Ape, Old Yanconian Daze, page 110,

He reckons that about 80% of the boys in the school regularly received the cuts from Mr Saunders so he didn′t feel as if he was being unduly picked on.

他估計，學校裡大概有80%的男生都經常受到桑德斯先生的體罰，所以他並不覺得自己是被故意挑中的。

2001，Lyall Ford，Poorhouse to Paradise: The Adventures of a Pioneering Family in a North Queensland Country Town，頁 55:

My greatest happiness is that Sebastian is having a good time at school and has never been given the cuts.

我最開心的事情就是，塞巴斯蒂安在學校過得好，沒被老師體罰。


points

switch

能切換鐵道線路的可移動鐵軌

能切換鐵道線路的可移動鐵軌


wombok

粵語 黃芽白／黄芽白 (wong⁴ ngaa⁴ baak⁶)的縮約形。


munt

munts (third-person singular present)
munting (present participle)
munted (past participle)


shopping centre

The streets radiated out from the new shopping centre like the spokes of a wheel.

街道从新的购物中心向外辐射，就像车轮的辐条一样。

1968，Carl Ruhen，The Key Club，Sydney: Scripts，頁 20:


First Nations

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-First Nations.wav

澳大利亞原住民（澳大利亞土著與托雷斯海峽島民）

Among the 1692 Australian species and subspecies on the BirdLife Australia Working List V3 (excluding vagrant and introduced taxa [...]), 18.7% derive from unrelated entities (e.g. shrike-tit that is neither shrike nor tit). Just 82 reflect First Nations names for birds (1.6%) or places (3.3%)

2022，Stephen T. Garnett, Golo Maurer, Georgia E. Garrard，“Why Australian common bird names should respond to societal change”, in Emu: Austral Ornithology，卷 122, 期 2，頁 150:


give way sign

指示道路使用者給其他使用者讓路的路標


troppo

源自 tropical + -o (指小後綴)。最早由二戰時期在熱帶地區作戰的澳大利亞軍隊使用，意思是“受熱帶戰爭的影響”。

瘋狂的，發瘋的，行為怪異的（尤指因炎熱天氣引起的）

Barry′s gone troppo and married that sheila he′s only known for two weeks.

Barry 簡直瘋了，他跟認識才兩星期的女人結婚了。

After three months by himself on his ‘dream’ tropical island he went troppo and smashed all the equipment.

在他“梦想”的热带岛屿上独自待了三个月后，他发疯并砸坏了所有设备。

‘[…]She calls these rehearsals my singing lessons - but at least I don′t have people rushing in thinking I′ve gone troppo . . .’
‘Except me.’ Violet′s smile lingered as she gazed at him.

For a lone Digger gone troppo, as Joe is deemed to have done, it is a realistic scenario.

2009，Paul Tapp，Disquiet - the Justifiable Homicide of an Australian Vietnam Veteran，頁 121:

"[The Northern Territory has] got the same sort of flavour to it, probably a bit more frontier. Overall, it's the tropics and they go troppo. The beer's cold and the weather's hot and they drink too much.

2016年March15日，David Dale，“John Jarratt talks new show Territory Cops and a murderous return in Wolf Creek”, in The Sydney Morning Herald:


swy

源自德語 zwei。tway 的同源對似詞。


slant

晚期中古英語詞彙，源自早期方言 slent 的異體，源自古諾爾斯語或其他北日耳曼語支語言，與古諾爾斯語 slent、瑞典語 slinta (“滑落”)、挪威語 slenta (“倒在一边”) 同源，源自原始日耳曼語 *slintaną。可能受 aslant 的影響。

为了被逮捕并押送到一个大城镇而实施的犯罪行为


fanny

起於19世紀。最终源自 Fanny，名字 Frances 的暱稱。對照dick、John Thomas、mickey。

在北美用法中，这是指臀部的最温和的委婉说法，适合在与小孩交谈时使用。在其他地方，这是对女性生殖器和性的粗俗直接提及。

女陰，屄 （自1830年代）

Her dress was so short you could nearly see her fanny.

她的裙子太短了，下面都快露出來了。


shanghai

來自蘇格蘭 shangan，源自蘇格蘭蓋爾語 seangan，受中國城市的影響。

shanghae (alternative)
shangeye (alternative)
shanghais (third-person singular present)
shanghaiing (present participle)
shanghaied (past participle)