academician

源自academic + -ian (“擅長…的人”)，部份源自法語 académicien。

/əˌkæ.dəˈmɪʃ.n̩/

大學教師；學者 （自17世紀）


beaucoup

借自法語 beaucoup。在越南戰爭期間因美國大兵而普及。

You know that cost beaucoup bucks!

Donlon says, "Well, we're rich and we got beaucoup beer and beaucoup chow. Now all we need is the Bob Hope show."

唐倫說：「嗯，我們很富有，我們有很多啤酒和很多食物。現在我們需要的只是鮑勃霍普秀。」

1979, Gustav Hasford, The Short-Timers, New York: Bantam Books, 出版於 1980, →ISBN，頁號 93:


Spanish

來自中古英語 Spainish, Spanish，等同於Spain + -ish。

與西班牙裔跟他們文化有關的


Spanish

Sixty-four percent more Spanish are functionally illiterate compared to Anglos in Lubbock (only 15 percent more of nonwhites than Anglos).

1970, Henry Sioux Johnson, William J. Hernández-Martinez, Educating the Mexican American，頁號 87:


hombre

男人；尤其是西班牙裔男子。


with

源自中古英語 with，源自古英語 wiþ，源自原始西日耳曼語 *wiþi，原始日耳曼語 *wiþrą (“反，反對”)的縮略形式。副詞的釋義可能是從其他日耳曼語意譯的，例如 挪威語 med、瑞典語 med 和德語 mit。

Do you want to come with?


Canada

借自法語 Canada，源自勞倫特語 kanata (“村莊、聚落”)。比較奧農達加語 ganataa (村莊)。

與某個大國接壤的國家，與該大國有許多相似之處，但因大國更加突出而黯然失色

Belgium is France's Canada.

比利時之於法國，就如加拿大之於美國。

2015, Michael DeMocker, The land of waffles, frites, chocolate, meat and, oh yes, culture, Louisiana: The Times-Picayune，頁號 1:


Greek

繼承自古英語 Grēcas (“希臘人”)，Crēcas的變體，來自原始西日耳曼語 *Krēkō，來自拉丁語 Graecus，源頭不明，可能衍生自地名Γραῖα (Graîa)或來自部落名Graii的其他古巴爾幹語族形式，參見英語維基百科條目Griko、Names of the Greeks。希臘語中有個同源詞Γραικός (Graikós)，是從神話時代的祖先Γραίοι (Graíoi, “格瑞西安族”)而來。日爾曼語族同源詞包括荷蘭語 Griek、德語 Grieche。英語和日爾曼語族同源詞中的⟨g⟩，是受到法語 grec和古典拉丁語 Graecus的影響下恢復的。
該形容詞可追溯到14世紀的中古英語，取代了古英語 Grēċisċ (“希臘式的”)和早期中古英語 Gregeis。指兄弟會跟姐妹會，來自早期希臘字母的截斷。

Greeker (comparative)
Greekest (superlative)

目前，將大學兄弟會跟姐妹會稱作Greek life等名稱，而Greek-letter仍用於類似名稱的榮譽社團。

與兄弟會、姐妹會和/或 榮譽社團有關的

“Every single person is going to have a different experience watching this film,” she said when I asked about possibly labeling the Greek system as “toxic”.

2023年May24日, Adrian Horton, “‘Competitive femininity’: inside the wild and secretive world of sororities”, 出自 The Guardian, →ISSN:


Greek

Was Joe a Greek in college?


red

源自中古英語 red，源自古英語 rēad，源自原始西日耳曼語 *raud，源自原始日耳曼語 *raudaz（對比西弗里斯蘭語 read、低地德語 root、rod、荷蘭語 rood、德語 rot、丹麥語、書面挪威語 rød、新挪威語 raud），源自原始印歐語 *h₁rowdʰós，來自詞根*h₁rewdʰ-（對比威爾士語 rhudd、拉丁語 ruber、rufus、吐火羅語A rtär、吐火羅語B ratre、古希臘語 ἐρυθρός (eruthrós)、阿爾巴尼亞語 pruth (“紅髮人”)、教會斯拉夫語 рудъ (rudŭ)、捷克語 rudý、立陶宛語 raúdas、阿維斯陀語 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoidita)、梵語 रुधिर (rudhirá, “紅色的，血腥的”)）。

redder (comparative)
more red (comparative)
reddest (superlative)
most red (superlative)

Amerind

美洲原住民的，印第安人的

red whortleberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea)

支持以紅色為代表色的政黨的： 美國共和黨的

a red state

a red Congress


red

辣豆醬（一般用在短語“bowl of red”中）

Houston visited a home in an early pioneer settlement where he was offered a bowl of red. Houston eagerly took his first large spoonful. His eyes watering, he spat out his bite […]

1982, The Rotarian (volume 140, number 1, page 39)


South

美國南北戰爭時期的南方州，邦聯州。


English

源自中古英語 Englisch、English、Inglis，來自古英語 Englisċ (“盎格魯人的；英格蘭的”)，來自Engle (“盎格魯人，日耳曼部落”) + -isċ；等同於Angle + -ish。對比荷蘭語 Engels、丹麥語 engelsk、古法語 Englesche（法語 anglais的來源）, 德語 englisch、西班牙語 inglés，最初來源為原始印歐語 *h₂enǵʰ- (“窄的”)（對比梵語 अंहु (aṃhu, “窄的”)、अंहस् (aṃhas, “緊張；罪惡”)、拉丁語 angustus (“窄的”)、教會斯拉夫語 ѫзъкъ (ǫzŭkŭ, “窄的”)）。

You are trying to put too much English on the ball.


trailer

源自 trail + -er。“預告片”之義來源於其以前是在正片後放映的情況。


conservative

借自中古法語 conservatif，來自拉丁語 cōnservō (“儲存”)。等同conserve + -ative。

more conservative (comparative)
most conservative (superlative)


German

來自拉丁語 Germānus、Germānī (“來自Germānia的民族”)，不同於Gauls (在凱撒和塔西佗的著作中)，最初源頭不明 (可能是凱爾特語族/高盧語)。
與german (“關係密切的”)或germane無關 (來自拉丁語形容詞germānus，經由古法語)。
至少在1520年開始出現。取代了英語中較早的術語Almain和Dutch (來自原始日耳曼語 *þiudiskaz)。除了德語、日耳曼語、荷蘭語的同源詞外，其他語言中表示德國人的兩類詞源一個是Saxon的同源詞和原始斯拉夫語 *němьcь的派生詞；更多資訊參閱這些條目。

/ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/

介於美式和撒克遜式的字體大小，約1+¹⁄₂點式


fry

源自中古英語 fryen，借自古法語 frire，源自拉丁語 frīgō (“炸”)，源自原始印歐語 *bʰer-。同源於古希臘語 φρύγω (phrúgō, “烤”)，梵語 भृज्जति (bhṛjjati, “烤”)，भृग् (bhṛg)。替換中古英語 hirsten，源自古英語 hierstan (“to fry”)。


boro

borough的另一種拼寫法


peel

源自古法語 pele（現代法語 pelle），源自拉丁語 pāla，基於plangere (“固定”)。pala的同源對似詞。


chile

源自西班牙語 chile。


broccoli

1699年來自意大利語 broccoli，為broccolo (“甘藍芽，頭”)的複數，brocco (“幼芽，嫩芽”)的指小（也是brocade的源頭），來自拉丁語 broccus (“尖的，鋒利的，突出的；有獠牙的”)，可能是高盧語的源頭，與原始凱爾特語 *brokkos (“獾”)或原始凱爾特語 *brozdos (“頂端，尖端”)相關（對照蘇格蘭蓋爾語 brog (“鋒利的器具，鑽子”)、威爾士語 procio (“刺，戳”)、古英語 brord (“尖端，尖”)）。更多請見brochure、brad。

I be smokin' broccoli, mama told me eat my veggies

抽支大麻爺最愛，老媽叫我吃蔬菜

2014, “Kodak Black”, 出自 Heart Of The Projects, 演出者 Skrilla:

All I want is cottage, roll a cigar full of broccoli

鄉村小屋要一間，捲起大麻吸口菸


driveway

driveway doesn't go all the way to the road

進入或循環通過一個確定的區域的道路；用於私人進出、維護、安全的道路

The design originally called for a 1-lane-wide driveway leading from the street to the parking area.

1988年April3日, Joseph Truni, “Asphalt Answers”, 出自 Popular Mechanics，頁號 127:

They drove in the driveway into the parking lot that was totally full.

2020年October28日, Franco La Monica, Catch 44, Meadville, Pennsylvania: Christian Faith Publishing, →ISBN，頁號 37:


cash on the barrelhead

在美國邊境，人們用木桶來作為桌子和寫字檯進行交易。

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/en-au-cash on the barrelhead.ogg

"[W]e're selling, to the highest bidder, and for cash on the barrel head. . . . Cash in hand, no checks accepted."

1938年September1日, Charles B. Parmer, “Serial Story: Photo Finish—Twelve”, 出自 Telegraph-Herald, Iowa, US, retrieved 2013-07-23，頁號 11:

[I]n 1946 the U.S. exported $2,166 million worth of food. . . . Most of this ($1,354 million) was paid for, cash on the barrelhead. But $628 million was the U.S. contribution to UNRRA stocks, and $184 million went through Lend-Lease.

1947 March 31, Foreign Relations: Potent Weapon, Time:

In return for support of an Iraq invasion, Turkey wanted—and got—immediate aid, cash on the barrelhead, rather than mere assurances about future help.

2003年February25日, Paul Krugman, “Threats, Promises and Lies”, 出自 New York Times, retrieved 2013-07-22:


a cappella

借自意大利語 alla cappella (“以[西斯廷]教堂的方式”)，指非器樂合唱團。

/ˌɑ kəˈpɛl.ə/

與一種主要與美國大學表演團體相關的純聲樂形式有關的

Socially, a cappella groups tend to be tight-knit ensembles in which close interpersonal relationships are formed.

2012, Joshua S. Duchan, Powerful Voices，頁號 2:


a la mode

借自法語 à la mode (“時尚的”)。

Our pie a la mode has a scoop of vanilla ice cream on top.

With a bowl of beef stew, apple pie a la mode, and two cups of coffee under his belt, Gus Wilson walked leisurely back to the Model Garage.

November 1959, "Martin Bunn", Popular Science, Gus Pulls a Switch:


of

來自中古英語 of，來自古英語 of (“從、自”)，af的非重音形式，æf (“從、離、離開”)，來自原始日耳曼語 *ab (“離開；遠離”)。off的同源對似詞，為古英語單詞的重音派生詞。參見off。

(屬於)： 對於人，一般會直接用所有格形式。

(組成，製成)： of 可以直接與動詞或形容詞短語連用。

現代英語逐漸少用 of 修飾名詞，轉用名詞 + 名詞的結構。對比 part of speech (“詞類”)（16世紀） vs. word class (“詞類”)（20世紀），Federal Bureau of Investigation（“聯邦調查局”，1908年） vs. Central Intelligence Agency（“中央情報局”，1947年），affairs of the world（18世紀） vs. world affairs（“國際事務”，20世紀）。

of 連接名詞和被某些副詞修飾的定語形容詞時，可以被省略。這個用法中可用的副詞包括too、so、how、as、more、less、this、that。

表達距離或移動。 表示差多少分鐘到幾整點。（自西元19世紀）

What's the time? / Nearly a quarter of three.

現在幾點？ / 差不多三點差一刻。

"Fellow Democrats," he began, "I left Washington at a quarter of two this morning …."

1940 June 17, "Little Bull Booed", Time:

Quarter of seven. Fifteen minutes to go.

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, 2006, page 194:

表達性格或品格。 連接單數不定名詞（前接不定冠詞）和定語形容詞（由程度副詞修飾）。

It's not that big of a deal.


civet

來自法語 civette，來自意大利語 zibetto，來自中世紀拉丁語 zibethum，來自阿拉伯語 زَبَاد (zabād)。

斑臭鼬屬（Spilogale）動物。


decal

But your flag decal won't get you Into Heaven any more. / They're already overcrowded From your dirty little war.

1971, John Prine （作曲作詞）, “Your Flag Decal Won't Get You Into Heaven Anymore”, 出自 John Prine:


coyote

借自西班牙語 coyote，來自納瓦語族語言，來自原始納瓦語 *koyootl。對照欽諾克混合語 ki-o-tī。

從拉丁美洲跨越陸地邊界進入美國的非法移民

Jorge’s father had pawned his last four goats for $2,000 to help pay for their transit, another loan the family would have to repay at 100 percent interest. The coyote called at 10 p.m. — they would go that night.

豪尔赫的父亲将他手上的最后四头山羊典当换来了2000美元，以支付他们的交通费用，这是他们一家必须以100%的利息偿还的另一笔贷款。晚上10点，偷渡者打来电话——他们当晚就会出发。

2020年July23日, Abrahm Lustgarten, “The Great Climate Migration [大气候迁徙]”, 出自 New York Times:


whacked

more whacked (comparative)
most whacked (superlative)

After that all-night party, we were all whacked.

那次通宵聚会后，我们都累坏了。


wop

借自那不勒斯語 guappo (“夥計；男人”)，借自西班牙語 guapo (“大膽的；英俊的”, 問候語)。


safety valve

outlet

發洩情緒的途徑，舒緩情緒的方法

release

發洩情緒的途徑，舒緩情緒的方法

發洩情緒的途徑，舒緩情緒的方法

美國的一條法律，編入美国法典第§3553條，授權法官對很少或沒有犯罪前科的罪犯不適用強制性最低刑罰

Hernández additionally requested that he be given a two-level safety-valve reduction pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2, which mitigates the harsh effect of mandatory minimum sentences on certain first-time offenders who played only supporting roles in drug-trafficking schemes and who provided testimony about their involvement in the criminal activity.

2020年June30日, David Jeremiah Barron, Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, “United States v. Hernández-Hernández”, 出自 Federal Reporter […] (No. 19-1123), 卷 964, St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., →ISSN, →OCLC，2023-07-02歸檔自原頁面，頁號 100:


hickey

意想不到的損失，一般搭配作“taking a ...”或“took a ... ”

Farmer Jones took a hickey on his soybean crop when the flood washed the seeds away.

洪水把農民瓊斯的種子沖走，使他蒙受損失。


loot

免費獲得的獎勵或獎品，特別是聖誕禮物


leverage

/ˈlɛv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/

使用；利用；為了充分利用（某物）而進行操縱。

They plan to leverage the publicity into a good distribution agreement.

They plan to leverage off the publicity to get a good distribution agreement.

EAP research has developed advanced methods for producing corpus-informed vocabulary resources, but these have yet to be fully leveraged to promote disciplinary literacy within the secondary school context.

2018, Clarence Green, James Lambert, “Advancing disciplinary literacy through English for academic purposes: Discipline-specific wordlists, collocations and word families for eight secondary subjects”, 出自 Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 卷 35, →DOI，頁號 105:


oftentimes

繼承自中古英語 oftentymes；等價於 oftentime + -s。對照 oftentime。

But because this is oftentimes dangerous, and much hurt hath been received thereby through casualty of fire, I advise the sticking four stakes into the earth, at least five feet above the ground […]

但由於這樣做常常很危險，而且火災造成的傷亡也很大，我建議在離地面至少五英尺的地方插上四根木樁 […]

1804, Robert Wissett, On the Cultivation and Preparation of Hemp:

Pique and linen also accented several coats and oftentimes were both detachable and formed an overcollar covering a collar made from the coat fabric.

凸紋布和亞麻布也是多款外套的特色，而且通常都是可拆卸的，並形成一個外領，覆蓋由外套面料製成的衣領。

1967, Ann Helen Stroup, An Investigation of the Dress of American Children from 1930 Through 1941 with Emphasis on Factors Influencing Change，頁號 195:

Over the past decade, the very nature of organized crime has changed, with many groups diversifying their income beyond drug trafficking, and large cartels splintering into smaller, oftentimes more nimble groups.

在過去十年中，有組織犯罪的本質發生了變化，許多犯罪集團的收入來源除了販毒外還變得多元化，大型犯罪集團分裂成規模較小、往往更靈活的團體。

2023年January10日, Whitney Eulich, America Armenta, “Mexico arrests son of ‘El Chapo’: Why don’t citizens feel safer?”, 出自 The Christian Science Monitor:


perfectionist

聖經共產主義者，由 J. H. Noyes（1811-1886）創立的一個美國小教派，於 1848 年設立在紐約州奧奈達，認為如果接受福音，就可以確保免於罪惡（自19世紀起）


outhouse

繼承自中古英語 outhous，等價於 out- + house。對照古諾爾斯語 úthús。

木头隔间的户外厕所（通常粪池上只有一个蹲位），一般为长期建筑

There was a considerable outhouse, which he unlocked and we entered.

1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Disintegration Machine:

[…] plenty of sand and cement had been found in one of the outhouses

1945年August17日, George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair], 章號 6, 出自 Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:


pussy

懦夫，膽小鬼。（20世紀－）

You're such a pussy!

You ought to hear some of the docs that are the sweetest old pussies with their patients—the way they bawl out the nurses. But labs—they seem sort of real. I don't suppose you can bluff a bacteria—what is it?—bacterium?

你應該聽聽那些對病人最可愛的老娘們儿的說法--他們對護士吆喝的方式。但是，實驗室--它們似乎有點真實。我不認為你能唬住一個細菌─它是什麼？─細菌？

1925, Sinclair Lewis, Martin Arrowsmith (fiction), Harcourt Brace & Company:

I couldn't carry the burden of shame engendered by the bully-boy advertising of "max-strength" cold and flu remedies, the obvious subtext of which is "Get to work, you pussy."

我無法承擔「最大強度」的感冒和流感藥的霸道廣告所帶來的恥辱負擔，其明顯的潛台詞是「去工作吧，你這個娘們」。

2007年November26日, Matt Keating, “Do everyone a favour and don't bring your cold to work”, 出自 The Guardian，於2014-10-06歸檔自原頁面:

Shepard: You're in a bad situation, and I'm going to get you out of here.
Jack: Shit, you sound like a pussy.

謝潑德：你的處境很糟糕，我會帶你離開這裡。
傑克：操，你聽起來像個娘們。

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, 經由 PC, →OCLC，幕：Prison Ship Purgatory:


redneck

由 red + neck 組成。對照rooinek。原先指的是脖子發紅的農民，他們因為長時間在田裡勞作，脖子被曬傷而發紅。

1921年西弗吉尼亞煤礦戰爭中戴上紅頭巾以示身份的礦工

巴爾的摩街頭幫派的成員，活躍於1859年


acetaminophen

醋氨酚、乙醯胺基酚、對乙醯胺基酚

You need to take acetaminophen / Or just a little aspirin / acetylsalicylic for the pain


collect call

這種用法可以說是過時了，因為雖然技術上來說選項仍然存在，但它的使用現在已經不常見了，而它曾經是常見的（約1920年代到1990年代）。

Hello, operator — I'd like to make a collect call.

你好，接線員——我想打一個對方付費電話。


garbage collector

GC

在演算、程序、執行緒中進行垃圾收集的工作：回收不再使用的資源。


與一個假的電話號碼有關。在21世紀之前，北美的撥號計劃中，本地交換機和區號555被保留為虛構的號碼。

555-2368, that's a 555 number, it isn't real.

1-555-321-2368, that's a 555 number, it isn't real.

(555)234-2368, that's a 555 number, it isn't real.


Columbus

借自拉丁語 columbus (“鴿子”)。Colombo的同源對似詞。動詞指的是這位意大利探險家的行為。

聲稱擁有某物（通常是被認為屬於他人的發現）

When his black friend tells him that many people knew about the bar before he did, his white friend retorts by saying that he “Columbused it”; i.e., discovered it for white people before a gaggle of hip white people flooded in.

2014, Justin Simien, Dear White People, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN，頁號 97:

Of course, there is no bouncer, but we can be careful not to Columbus other culture's traditions.

2014年July6日, Brenda Salinas, “‘Columbusing’: The Art Of Discovering Something That Is Not New”, 出自 NPR:

He then lists other things that have been Columbused, such as twerking by Miley Cyrus and hummus by “health conscious whities.”

2015, Frederic Charles Schaffer, Elucidating Social Science Concepts, Routledge, →ISBN，頁號 54:


Fox

* (姓氏)： 源自 fox (“狐狸”)。

福斯/福克斯廣播公司，美國大型電視網。

I watched a great show on Fox last night.

昨晚我在福斯電視台觀看了一場精彩的節目。


venti

原始印歐語詞
 *dwóh₁
借自意大利語 venti (“二十[盎司]”)。

同類詞：tall、grande


venti

原始印歐語詞
 *dwóh₁
借自意大利語 venti (“二十[盎司]”)。

比 grande 更大杯的咖啡，通常為 20 盎司

"They always order ventis," a cashier said brightly, "and are great tippers."

2002年July14日, Judith Matloff, “Whose Neighborhood?”, 出自 The New York Times，頁號 3:


pedo-

來自古希臘語 παῖς (paîs, “兒童”)。


teller

源自中古英語 tellere (“计时或计数的人；记述或讲述的人；出纳员”)，等同於tell (動詞) + -er。

cash machine

automated teller machine (“自動櫃員機”)之首字母縮略詞。


一個不在1到10的假想範圍內的數字
特殊標本， 一個身體上有吸引力的人

一個不在1到10的假想範圍內的數字 非常高的強度


集合名詞，警察或執法人員
參見：fuck 12


But when it's all said and done, I'll be forty / Before I know it with a 40 on the porch tellin' stories

2000, “Drug Ballad”, 出自 The Marshall Mathers LP, 演出者 Eminem:


National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

美国国家海洋和大气管理局


naw

源自低地蘇格蘭語 naw, naa, na ← 中古英語 na ← 古英語 nā (“不，從不”)。參見no。

'Naw, hen, sorry. Ye're too young for us. Come back when you've got a couple mair years under yer belt, eh?'


stump

源自中古英語 stumpe, stompe (“樹樁”)，源自或與中古低地德語 stump (“樹樁”)有關，源自原始日耳曼語 *stumpaz (“樹樁，末端，砍下的部分”)。與中古荷蘭語 stomp (“樹樁”), 古高地德語 stumph (“樹樁”) (德語 Stumpf), 古諾爾斯語 stumpr (“樹樁”)同源。參見stop。

為競選活動而跨區/州發表演講


pisser

令人感到印象深刻的人或事


prex

美國大學俚語，起於1828年。


french fries

French-fried potatoes (1856) 的縮略，指的是法式的土豆烹飪方法。

薯條，炸土豆條 （自1903年）

French fries is a specialty of the house.

“What's the matter?” she asked quickly. “Haven't we had all the things before? Soup, chops, peas, French fries, and the fruit pudding–there wasn't a thing new.”

1903, Lillian Pettengill, Toilers of the Home, New York: Doubleday, Page & Company，頁號 292:

His first official act was to order dinner. “A nice, juicy steak,” he is said to have called for, “French fries, apple pie and a cup of coffee.” It is probable that he really said “a coff of cuppee,” however, as he was a wag of the first water and loved a joke as well as the next king.

1922, Robert C. Benchley, 章號 XXII, 出自 Love Conquers All, Henry Holt & Company，頁號 111:


Indian

源自盎格魯-諾曼語 indien, 中古法語 indien，等同於Ind + -ian。用於美洲原住民是早期探險家將其與印度人混淆。

more Indian (comparative)
most Indian (superlative)

Aboriginal

印第安人的，美洲原住民的 （自16世紀）

Amerind

印第安人的，美洲原住民的 （自16世紀）

Amerindian

印第安人的，美洲原住民的 （自16世紀）

First Nations

印第安人的，美洲原住民的 （自16世紀）

native

印第安人的，美洲原住民的 （自16世紀）

以玉米為原料製作的 （自17世紀）


at-ten-shun

"At-ten-shun !" commanded he, with that peculiar inflexion only attainable after considerable service.

1906, Joseph Edgar Crowell, The Young Volunteer: The Everyday Experiences of a Soldier Boy in the Civil War:

At-ten-SHUN! ¶ The United States Marine Corps wants your children.

2003, “Family Fare”, 出自 The New York Times:


sliver

源自中古英語 slivere, sliver，源自中古英語 sliven (“切，使裂開”)，源自古英語 slīfan（參見tōslīfan (“使裂開，使分開”)）。

切下的長薄片或尖碎片。 尤指扎進皮膚的碎片。

A sliver of bone has punctured a lung, and a small surgical operation was needed to remove it (would he like to keep the bone as a memento?--it is in a phial by his bedside).

2013, J. M. Coetzee, The Childhood of Jesus. Melbourne, Australia: The Text Publishing Company. chapter 27. p. 270.


drop off

寄，送，帶；允許乘客離開

Can you drop the kids off at school?

你能把孩子們送到學校嗎？

I'll drop off your books when I see you tonight.

今晚我見你的時候會把你的書帶過來。

After dropping off travellers at Foregate Street, my train terminates at Shrub Hill - a station which boasts one of the best selection [sic] of semaphore signals left in the country.

2020年December2日, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, 出自 Rail，頁號 67:


potato chip

I'll take a potato chip, and eat it!

2007年December8日, “目線 [視線]”, 出自 デスノート [死亡筆記], 角色 夜神月（Brad Swaile）, Ocean Productions, 經由 Adult Swim:


garbage can

這片語最早是指大型金屬容器（尤其指桶形容器），不過現在和其他裝垃圾的容器詞可以互換。


trash bag

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-trash bag.wav

The road was full of trash bags awaiting the arrival of the garbage men.

路上堆滿了垃圾袋，等待著垃圾工人的到來。


garbage bag

The road was full of garbage bags awaiting the arrival of the trash men.

路上堆滿了垃圾袋，等待著垃圾工人的到來。


takeout

源自動詞短語 take out。


takeout

源自動詞短語 take out。


doody

Petra would like to drop despondently onto a rock to pout, but you have to look before you sit, because there are goat doodies everywhere.

Petra 有時候會沮喪地坐在石頭上撅起嘴來，不過如果你要坐在石頭上的話，你得先看清楚了，因為這裡到處都是山羊屎。

2007, Brian Bouldrey, Honorable bandit: a walk across Corsica:


doody

Something smells poopy! It's okay if you just doodied, because we have LOTS of paper towels and extra socks.

好臭啊！不過就算你拉出來了也沒關係，因為我們有很多廁紙和襪子給你換。

2014, Jason James Johnson, Catbug Says, →ISBN:


incent

在《美國當代英語語料庫》（COCA）中，不及 incentivize 常用。
對於個人行動上，比 incentivize 稍用得多。

刺激，激勵，鼓勵（人或組織）。

We need to incent people to innovate more.

我們需要鼓勵人們更多地創新。

We try to incent people to do it earlier, which levels the load.

2007年February24日, Damon Darlin, “At Intuit, What Comes After Taxes?”, 出自 New York Times:

incent investors to manage assets with a long-term perspective

2010年June24日, Al Gore and David Blood, “Toward Sustainable Capitalism”, 出自 Wall Street Journal:

給……（事物）以刺激，激勵。

We need to incent more innovation.

我們需要激勵出更多的創新。

DUNCAN: The more we can reward excellence, the more we can incent excellence, the more we can get our best teachers to work in those hard to staff schools

2009年January13日, Arne Duncan, “Duncan Lays Out Positions in Confirmation Hearing”, 出自 WBEZ Chicago Public Radio:


Cox-Klemin A-1，一種空中救護飛機，從未大量生產


ten-shun

用於引起遊行樂隊或兵團的注意。

Company, 'ten-shun—(More violently.) 'ten-shun, please... (He draws himself up exaggeratedly.) Stand straight, like soldiers!

1946, Harry Lester Baum, Prelude to Victory: A Masonic Play:


double whole note

由於倍全音符僅出現在拍號頂部數字是底部數字至少兩倍的拍子中，因此很少見。


bell pepper

菜椒（Capsicum annuum），辣椒變種，起源於新大陸。


yay

yayo 的截斷形式，源自西班牙語 llello。

In Billy Corben's engrossing new documentary, Cocaine Cowboys (Magnolia Pictures), self-described "assassin" Jorge "Rivi" Ayala (among others) give up the goods on Miami's explosive early '80s yay trade.

2006, "They Shootin'", Vibe, December 2006:

I'm in charge of a whole city block, and I always wear gloves when I touch the yay, cuz traces of cocaine show up on my u. a., when I touch it with my bare hands.

2009, Tyrone Pierson, Murder in the Moonlight, AuthorHouse (2009), ISBN 9781438965154, page 339:

I don't do yay, but if you want to, fine


cootie catcher

東南西北（摺紙遊戲的一種）


squirt

源自中古英語 squirten、squyrten，源頭不明；可能是擬聲詞。類似swirl。對比低地德語 swirtjen。

Hey squirt! Where you been?

Hurd returns with Mal, Mr. Eph, and Gumbo, the “town squirt” of twelve, and the boys′ activities come out.

1986, Alethea Helbig, Agnes Perkins, Cutlass Island, entry in Dictionary of American Children′s Fiction, 1960-1984: Recent Books of Recognized Merit, page 137,

How the child managed to converse and fold at the same time was a marvel, yet the shirt lay in a tidy rectangle by the time she came up for air.

2010, Karen Witemeyer, A Tailor-Made Bride, Bethany House Publishers, US, page 66,


goose egg

鵝蛋和阿拉伯數字零（0）均為橢圓形。

I missed every question on the quiz and got a goose egg.

考試的每道題我都做錯了，拿了個零蛋。


derby

源自葉森德比大賽（Epsom Derby），以第十二代德比伯爵爱德华·史密斯-斯坦利命名。

He began to fan her with his hat. That was successful, for he struck her nose with the brim of his derby and she opened her eyes.


pain in the butt

使人感到不快、討厭的人或事物

The customers love it, but the employees think the new system is a pain in the butt.

顧客們是喜歡，但員工們覺得新系統很煩人。


ABCs

基礎知識，基礎能力 （最早見於1150 - 1350年間）


trapezium

最早記錄出現在1570年，古典借詞，源自晚期拉丁語 trapezium，源自古希臘語 τραπέζιον (trapézion, “不規則四邊形的”, 字面意思是“小桌子”)，τράπεζα (trápeza, “桌子”)的指小詞。trapeze的同源對似詞。

不規則四邊形（沒有邊平行或相等）


trucker

Because of deregulation and the drive to lower costs, Mr. Lorr said, truckers are now regarded by many companies as just another replaceable part. Some can barely eke out a living.

勞爾先生稱，由於管制放鬆和許多公司試圖降低花費，卡車司機被他們視作可替換的部件。有的司機只能勉強糊口。

2020年September24日, Alex Williams, “The Ugly (and Glorious) Truth About American Supermarkets [美國超市的醜陋（且光榮）的事實]”, 出自 New York Times:

參與2022年自由車隊的示威者


fire brigade

/ˈfaɪə(ɹ)bɹɪˌɡeɪd/

消防隊 公司或工廠僱員的組織，除自己本職工作外，兼有滅火的職責

能快速調度並處理險情的受訓部隊

General Westmoreland used some incoming troops as a fire brigade to squelch major threats and keep the Communists off balance.

1976, The Encyclopedia Americana (volume 28, page 112)


projects

為低收入居民建設的高密度城市住房

My friend Larry Gray never gangbanged with us but was from the projects and to your rival, that meant you were one

2008, Donovan Simmons, Terry Moses, Bloods and Crips: The Genesis of a Genocide，頁號 128:


jackoff

源自動詞短語jack off (“自慰”)。


oh my

Which might mean shaping it, gelling it, snooting it, barn dooring it, and putting it on a stand or a clamp. Maybe taking the dome diffuser off. Perhaps zooming it. Oh my. And you thought you were just taking a picture.


my goodness

My goodness, what a loud noise!


dogs

雙腳，來自押韻俚語 dog's meat （自20世紀早期）

My dogs are tired. Let's get a taxi.

我的腳好累啊。還是搭計程車吧。


喬·拜登，美國第46任總統


唐納·川普，美國第四十五任總統


sixty-one

警察對平民所呈報犯罪案件的報告


forty-eight

They had their ten-day leaves and regular forty-eights from behind the nets of Bantry Bay and Scapa Flow […]

1919, Our Navy, the Standard Publication of the U.S. Navy


Fourth of July

美國獨立日，紀念1776年7月4日美國獨立宣言的批准。


Jersey

源自中古英語 Gersey，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 Gersui，進一步的詞源有爭議。可能來自古諾爾斯語，為Geirs (“Geirr 的”) + ey (“島嶼”)的組詞。也有可能與拉丁語 Caesarea有關，是羅馬人在佔領的土地上為紀念愷撒而起的名稱（對比法語 Césarée）。後者影響了拉丁語對該島嶼的翻譯。


Toni

流行於1960、70年代，常見於美國華盛頓特區。

接近男性陌生人（通常是異性戀）並咄咄逼人地堅持向他們提出性要求的男同性戀者。


Wednesdays

We are closed Wednesdays in the Summer.

Wednesdays we would go bowling.

我們每週三會去打保齡球。


Mondays

Downtown Library will be open Mondays from 10 am to 6 pm starting Jan. 25.

从1月25日开始，市区图书馆每周一的开放时间将为上午10点至下午6点。

2010年January15日, “Recession boosts library attendance [经济衰退使得前往图书馆的人数增加]”, 出自 The Spokesman Review, Spokane, WA:

Delicious is open from 9am to 6pm Mondays to Saturdays and from 10am to 4pm on Sundays.

Delicious 的营业时间为周一至周六上午9点至下午6点，周日上午10点至下午4点。

2010年January14日, Eleanor Patmore, “Afternoon tea is back in Stortford! [斯托特福德的下午茶回来了！]”, 出自 Herts and Essex Observer:


organ donor

Wearing a motorcycle helmet is optional in Pennsylvania, but that's no reason for Ben Roethlisberger to go out and practise his organ donor technique.
賓州沒有強制要求騎摩托車時佩戴頭盔，但這也不是 Ben Roethlisberger 開車出去練習找死的理由。

2006, Bill Lankhof, Head Case, Slam! Sports (Canada), 14 Jun. (retrieved 21 Aug. 2008),


transplant

繼承自中古英語 transplaunten，源自古法語 transplanter，源自晚期拉丁語 transplantare，等價於 trans- + plant。

外地人，從外地搬遷過來的人

The Seigneur summoned the island's doctor, a young transplant from London named Peter Counsell, who determined that Mrs. Beaumont had suffered a stroke.

爵爺叫來島上的醫生，那個從倫敦搬來的年輕人，Peter Counsell。他確認 Beaumont 夫人中風了。

2012年October29日, Lauren Collins, The New Yorker:


fraidy

fraidier (comparative)
fraidiest (superlative)

比較級和最高級形式非常罕用。


landman

參與確定、轉讓或管理礦權的人


songster

繼承自中古英語 songster、sangester、sangstere，繼承自古英語 sangestre (“女歌手”)，等價於 song + -ster。同源詞包括低地蘇格蘭語 sangstar (“歌手”)。亦對照西弗里斯蘭語 sjongster (“歌手”)。

Because the Jew was often compelled to sing and dance to a fixed Mah Yafit melody at the wild orgies of the paritzim (wealthy Polish landowners), many deliberately discontinued singing Mah Yafit, thus causing the text to be removed from numerous Siddurim and songsters in the early 1900s.

1996, Macy Nulman, The Encyclopedia of Jewish Prayer，頁號 234:


Delores

源自西班牙語的女性人名，Dolores的變體。


Wac

I stepped out of my tent in Marrakech one night to get a bar of candy and caught your dose of clap when that Wac I never even saw before hissed me into the bushes.

1961年November10日, Joseph Heller, “The Soldier in White”, 出自 Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC，頁號 172:


heaping

一大……（表示所能容納之量）的 (對照 heaped)

a heaping teaspoon of sugar

a heaping big bowl of ice cream; a heaping bowl of rice

一大碗冰淇淋；一大碗米飯


Huk

Hukbalahap 的截斷形式，源自他加祿語 Hukbalahap，Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon (“抗日人民軍”) 的縮寫。該詞本身又來自他加祿語 hukbo (“軍隊”)，派生自泉漳話 服務／服务 (ho̍k-bū)。


walk the talk

walks the talk
walking the talk
walked the talk


Asian Indian

美國人口普查局引入的用詞，以避免與美洲原住民（印第安人，American Indian）混淆。


thumper

越南戰爭時期的M79榴彈發射器 (due to its distinctive report).


practicum

源自晚期拉丁語，practicus (“實際的”) 的中性形式，源自古希臘語 πρακτικός (praktikós, “動作的，行動的；主動的；實際的”)，源自 πράσσω (prássō, “做”)。

Eromin has provided clinical practicum placements for students seeking advanced degrees in social service professions.

Eromin为寻求获得社会服务专业高级学位的学生提供临床实习机会。

1984年April21日, Joyce Baker, “Eromin Center Closing: A Tragic Loss”, 出自 Gay Community News，頁號 5:

一项科学考试，要求学生回答有关摆在他们面前的标本或其他物体的问题


centered

more centered (comparative)
most centered (superlative)

情緒穩定的、冷靜的 （自1970年代）


habilitator

If the mine itself and its machinery, stores, and other valuable things that form part of the undertaking, should be attached and sold in execution, the provisions of the foregoing articles shall be observed in favor of the habilitators, as to the preference of their several claims among themselves, and with regard to the other creditors.

1892, Alejandro K. Coney, The Legal and Mercantile Handbook of Mexico，頁號 177:


one-drop rule

一滴血規則（20世紀美國的種族劃分原則，認為對於一個人，只要其有一個祖先有黑人血統，就可以認定這個人是黑人）

[T]he notorious historian William Estabrook Chancellor […] helped assemble a controversial biographical portrait accusing President Warren Harding of covering up his family’s “colored” past. […] Under the one-drop rule of American race relations, Chancellor claimed, the country had inadvertently elected its “first Negro president.”

臭名昭著的历史学家威廉·埃斯塔布鲁克·钱斯勒) […] 帮助创作了一部备受争议的传记，指责沃伦·哈丁总统掩盖其家族的“有色人种”历史。 […] 钱斯勒声称，在美国种族关系的一滴血规则下，美国无意中选出了“第一位黑人总统”。

2008年April6日, Beverly Gage, “Our First Black President?”, 出自 New York Times, retrieved 2017-01-08: