"僵化" meaning in 漢語

See 僵化 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Sinological-IPA], /kœːŋ⁵⁵ faː³³/ [Cantonese, Standard-Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, IPA], /ki̯ɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu̯a²¹/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwanese, general, IPA, Kaohsiung], /ki̯ɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu̯a²¹/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwanese, general, IPA], /ki̯ɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu̯a¹¹/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwanese, general, IPA, Taibei], /ki̯ɔŋ³³ hu̯a⁴¹/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwanese, general, IPA], /ki̯aŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu̯a²¹/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Zhangzhou, IPA]
  1. 凝固;變得堅硬或僵硬
    Sense id: zh-僵化-zh-verb-kT0u3zdZ Categories (other): 有引文的官話詞
  2. 凝滯無法開展,而固定不變 Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: zh-僵化-zh-verb-Stq5OaVz Categories (other): 有使用例的官話詞, 有引文的官話詞
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「僵」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「化」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有1個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "pos_title": "動詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有引文的官話詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              82,
              90
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              25,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "柔石《二月》十六",
          "roman": "Jǐhū bàn diǎnzhōng, tā yīdòngbùdòng, sì xīn yǔ shēn tóngshí wèi nǚzǐ zhī àilì suǒ jiānghuà le.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "幾乎半點鐘,他一動不動,似心與身同時為女子之愛力所僵化了。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              82,
              90
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              25,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "柔石《二月》十六",
          "roman": "Jǐhū bàn diǎnzhōng, tā yīdòngbùdòng, sì xīn yǔ shēn tóngshí wèi nǚzǐ zhī àilì suǒ jiānghuà le.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "几乎半点钟,他一动不动,似心与身同时为女子之爱力所僵化了。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              58,
              66
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              15,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "老舍《四世同堂》十六",
          "roman": "Xiǎohé de liǎn yóu wēixiào ér kuòzhǎn dào mǎnliǎn dōu shì jiānghuà le de xiàowén.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "曉荷的臉由微笑而擴展到滿臉都是僵化了的笑紋。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              58,
              66
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              15,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "老舍《四世同堂》十六",
          "roman": "Xiǎohé de liǎn yóu wēixiào ér kuòzhǎn dào mǎnliǎn dōu shì jiānghuà le de xiàowén.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "晓荷的脸由微笑而扩展到满脸都是僵化了的笑纹。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "凝固;變得堅硬或僵硬"
      ],
      "id": "zh-僵化-zh-verb-kT0u3zdZ"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有使用例的官話詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有引文的官話詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              4
            ]
          ],
          "roman": "Sīxiǎng jiānghuà de rén, shì wúfǎ jiēshòu xīn guānniàn de.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "思想僵化的人,是無法接受新觀念的。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              4
            ]
          ],
          "roman": "Sīxiǎng jiānghuà de rén, shì wúfǎ jiēshòu xīn guānniàn de.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "思想僵化的人,是无法接受新观念的。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              150,
              158
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              41,
              43
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1942年10月19日,〈科學,民主,繼續前進 ——魯迅先生逝世六周年紀念〉,《新華日報》社論",
          "roman": "Lǔ Xùn xiānshēng qióng bìshēng de jīnglì, bǎisǐbùhuǐ de cóngshì zhe de gōngzuò, zéyào de shuō, shì zài wèi shù qiān nián lái de zhuānzhì zhèngzhì suǒ jiānghuà le de Zhōngguó guómínxìng de gǎizào.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "魯迅先生窮畢生的精力,百死不悔地從事著的工作,擇要地說,是在為數千年來的專制政治所僵化了的中國國民性的改造。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              150,
              158
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              41,
              43
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1942年10月19日,〈科學,民主,繼續前進 ——魯迅先生逝世六周年紀念〉,《新華日報》社論",
          "roman": "Lǔ Xùn xiānshēng qióng bìshēng de jīnglì, bǎisǐbùhuǐ de cóngshì zhe de gōngzuò, zéyào de shuō, shì zài wèi shù qiān nián lái de zhuānzhì zhèngzhì suǒ jiānghuà le de Zhōngguó guómínxìng de gǎizào.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "鲁迅先生穷毕生的精力,百死不悔地从事着的工作,择要地说,是在为数千年来的专制政治所僵化了的中国国民性的改造。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              55,
              63
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              16,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "《新華月報》1979年第6期",
          "roman": "Kàn shàngqù zhème cōngmíng de yī ge rén, sīxiǎng zěnme jiānghuà dào zhè bù tiándì.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "看上去這麼聰明的一個人,思想怎麼僵化到這步田地。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              55,
              63
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              16,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "《新華月報》1979年第6期",
          "roman": "Kàn shàngqù zhème cōngmíng de yī ge rén, sīxiǎng zěnme jiānghuà dào zhè bù tiándì.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "看上去这么聪明的一个人,思想怎么僵化到这步田地。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "凝滯無法開展,而固定不變"
      ],
      "id": "zh-僵化-zh-verb-Stq5OaVz",
      "raw_tags": [
        "意見、想法等"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jiānghuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄐㄧㄤ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "goeng¹ faa³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kiong-hòa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kiang-hòa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jiānghuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄐㄧㄤ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jianghuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "chiang¹-hua⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jyāng-hwà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jianghuah"
    },
    {
      "roman": "czjanxua",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "цзянхуа"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "goeng¹ faa³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gēung fa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "goeng¹ faa³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gêng¹ fa³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kœːŋ⁵⁵ faː³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kiong-hòa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kiong-huà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kionghoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki̯ɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu̯a²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki̯ɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu̯a²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki̯ɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu̯a¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "IPA",
        "Taibei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki̯ɔŋ³³ hu̯a⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kiang-hòa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kiang-huà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kianghoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki̯aŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu̯a²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "僵化"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "官話動詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "帶「僵」的漢語詞",
    "帶「化」的漢語詞",
    "有1個詞條的頁面",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "泉漳話動詞",
    "泉漳話詞元",
    "漢語動詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "粵語動詞",
    "粵語詞元"
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "pos_title": "動詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "有引文的官話詞"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              82,
              90
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              25,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "柔石《二月》十六",
          "roman": "Jǐhū bàn diǎnzhōng, tā yīdòngbùdòng, sì xīn yǔ shēn tóngshí wèi nǚzǐ zhī àilì suǒ jiānghuà le.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "幾乎半點鐘,他一動不動,似心與身同時為女子之愛力所僵化了。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              82,
              90
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              25,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "柔石《二月》十六",
          "roman": "Jǐhū bàn diǎnzhōng, tā yīdòngbùdòng, sì xīn yǔ shēn tóngshí wèi nǚzǐ zhī àilì suǒ jiānghuà le.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "几乎半点钟,他一动不动,似心与身同时为女子之爱力所僵化了。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              58,
              66
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              15,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "老舍《四世同堂》十六",
          "roman": "Xiǎohé de liǎn yóu wēixiào ér kuòzhǎn dào mǎnliǎn dōu shì jiānghuà le de xiàowén.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "曉荷的臉由微笑而擴展到滿臉都是僵化了的笑紋。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              58,
              66
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              15,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "老舍《四世同堂》十六",
          "roman": "Xiǎohé de liǎn yóu wēixiào ér kuòzhǎn dào mǎnliǎn dōu shì jiānghuà le de xiàowén.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "晓荷的脸由微笑而扩展到满脸都是僵化了的笑纹。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "凝固;變得堅硬或僵硬"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "有使用例的官話詞",
        "有引文的官話詞"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              4
            ]
          ],
          "roman": "Sīxiǎng jiānghuà de rén, shì wúfǎ jiēshòu xīn guānniàn de.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "思想僵化的人,是無法接受新觀念的。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              4
            ]
          ],
          "roman": "Sīxiǎng jiānghuà de rén, shì wúfǎ jiēshòu xīn guānniàn de.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "思想僵化的人,是无法接受新观念的。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              150,
              158
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              41,
              43
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1942年10月19日,〈科學,民主,繼續前進 ——魯迅先生逝世六周年紀念〉,《新華日報》社論",
          "roman": "Lǔ Xùn xiānshēng qióng bìshēng de jīnglì, bǎisǐbùhuǐ de cóngshì zhe de gōngzuò, zéyào de shuō, shì zài wèi shù qiān nián lái de zhuānzhì zhèngzhì suǒ jiānghuà le de Zhōngguó guómínxìng de gǎizào.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "魯迅先生窮畢生的精力,百死不悔地從事著的工作,擇要地說,是在為數千年來的專制政治所僵化了的中國國民性的改造。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              150,
              158
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              41,
              43
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1942年10月19日,〈科學,民主,繼續前進 ——魯迅先生逝世六周年紀念〉,《新華日報》社論",
          "roman": "Lǔ Xùn xiānshēng qióng bìshēng de jīnglì, bǎisǐbùhuǐ de cóngshì zhe de gōngzuò, zéyào de shuō, shì zài wèi shù qiān nián lái de zhuānzhì zhèngzhì suǒ jiānghuà le de Zhōngguó guómínxìng de gǎizào.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "鲁迅先生穷毕生的精力,百死不悔地从事着的工作,择要地说,是在为数千年来的专制政治所僵化了的中国国民性的改造。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              55,
              63
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              16,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "《新華月報》1979年第6期",
          "roman": "Kàn shàngqù zhème cōngmíng de yī ge rén, sīxiǎng zěnme jiānghuà dào zhè bù tiándì.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "看上去這麼聰明的一個人,思想怎麼僵化到這步田地。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              55,
              63
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              16,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "《新華月報》1979年第6期",
          "roman": "Kàn shàngqù zhème cōngmíng de yī ge rén, sīxiǎng zěnme jiānghuà dào zhè bù tiándì.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard-Chinese",
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "看上去这么聪明的一个人,思想怎么僵化到这步田地。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "凝滯無法開展,而固定不變"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "意見、想法等"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jiānghuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄐㄧㄤ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "goeng¹ faa³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kiong-hòa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kiang-hòa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jiānghuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄐㄧㄤ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jianghuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "chiang¹-hua⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jyāng-hwà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jianghuah"
    },
    {
      "roman": "czjanxua",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "цзянхуа"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "goeng¹ faa³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gēung fa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "goeng¹ faa³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gêng¹ fa³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kœːŋ⁵⁵ faː³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kiong-hòa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kiong-huà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kionghoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki̯ɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu̯a²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki̯ɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu̯a²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki̯ɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu̯a¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "IPA",
        "Taibei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki̯ɔŋ³³ hu̯a⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kiang-hòa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kiang-huà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kianghoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki̯aŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu̯a²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "僵化"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 僵化 meaning in 漢語 (7.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 漢語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-11-30 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-11-20 using wiktextract (91a82b2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.