See な in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語平假名",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語音節",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有2個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "在平安时代由万叶假名汉字奈的草书形式衍生而来。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "na",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "syllable",
"pos_title": "音节",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"平假名音节な (na)，对应片假名为ナ (na)。在五十音中排第 21 位，位于な行あ段 (na-gyō a-dan，“na 行 a 段”)。"
],
"id": "zh-な-ja-syllable-65ie3NfR"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠]"
}
],
"word": "な"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語平假名",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語感嘆詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有2個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自上古日語的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "可能派生自语气较轻的强调叹词和句末助词ね，源自上古日語，表示欣赏或考虑，或者表示希望前面的事情能够发生。对比卡片片甘語 ná (“啊？；是吧？；什么？”)。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "na",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "intj",
"pos_title": "叹词",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語非正式用語",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "な、聞(き)いたかい。 ― na, kiita kai. ― 喂，听到没？"
}
],
"glosses": [
"喂 （用于唤起某人注意，一般带中立或轻微的正面色彩）"
],
"id": "zh-な-ja-intj-HU7re8jQ",
"raw_tags": [
"男性用词",
"略微強調"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠]"
}
],
"word": "な"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語助詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語平假名",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有2個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自上古日語的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "可能派生自语气较轻的强调叹词和句末助词ね，源自上古日語，表示欣赏或考虑，或者表示希望前面的事情能够发生。对比卡片片甘語 ná (“啊？；是吧？；什么？”)。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "na",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"notes": [
"一般用于自言自语，比一般认为没有请求同意的助词ね正式。"
],
"pos": "particle",
"pos_title": "助词",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語非正式用語",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "そうかな。 ― sō ka na. ― 这样的嘛。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"吗，嘛 （表达感慨或轻微强调的句末助词）"
],
"id": "zh-な-ja-particle-4ek8c8j9",
"raw_tags": [
"略微強調"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "nā",
"sense": "吗，嘛 （表达感慨或轻微强调的句末助词）",
"word": "なあ"
}
],
"word": "な"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語助詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語平假名",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有2個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自上古日語的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "源自上古日語的日語繼承詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ni aru/ → /naru/ → /na/\n源自上古日語。原略自に (ni，助词) + ある (aru，古典动词あり (ari，“有，存在”)的连用形)。对比他加祿語 na (形容词化助词)、卡片片甘語 a (形容词化助词)、na (属格助词，形容词化助词)、伊洛卡諾語 a (形容词化助词)。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "na",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"notes": [
"古旧形式なる (naru)还用于正式、古体或诗歌语境。",
"静(しず)かなる田(でん)園(えん) ― shizuka naru den'en ― 寂静的田园"
],
"pos": "particle",
"pos_title": "助词",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "変(へん)な人(ひと) ― hen na hito ― 怪人"
}
],
"glosses": [
"后接于形容動詞 (keiyōdōshi，有时候叫“ナ形容词”)，使其变为形容词"
],
"id": "zh-な-ja-particle-n-wa30pv"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠]"
}
],
"word": "な"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語助詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語平假名",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有2個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自上古日語的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "源自上古日語的日語繼承詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "缺少作者和編輯參數的參考模板",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "源自上古日語。可能是否定形容词ない (nai)的词根na。另一理论认为这是否定助动词ず (zu)的未完形。\n首个引文见于公元720年成书的《日本书纪》。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "na",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"notes": [
"一般认为非常不正式，且据语气可能较粗鲁。从不使用于正式对话中。正式对话应换用〜ないで下さい (~naide kudasai)后接于动词的未完形后。如：",
"同亲朋好友、小孩或（可能）下属对话：するな。 ― suru na. ― 不要做。",
"同其他人对话：しないでください。 ― shinaide kudasai. ― 请不要做。"
],
"pos": "particle",
"pos_title": "助词",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語男性用語",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語非正式用語",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "行(い)くな！ ― Iku na! ― 别走！"
},
{
"text": "無(む)断(だん)で引(いん)用(よう)するな。 ― Mudan de in'yō suru na. ― 不要未经许可引用。"
},
{
"text": "混(ま)ぜるな危険(きけん) ― mazeru na kiken ― 危险：请勿混合"
}
],
"glosses": [
"（自720年起） 表示禁止： 不要，不得，别"
],
"id": "zh-な-ja-particle-KkzPXSSH",
"raw_tags": [
"现代日语中为男性用語",
"加到动词的原形（即辞书形）后"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠]"
}
],
"word": "な"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語平假名",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語後綴",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有2個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "礼貌祈使助动词なさい (nasai)的截断形式。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-na",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"notes": [
"表示命令的非正式形式，没有直接使用动词的命令形粗鲁。",
"一般局限于对亲朋好友、小孩或下属的对话食(た)べな ― tabena ― 吃吧！",
"在日语口语中，表示禁止的な和表示祈使的な还有重音模式上的差别。对于表示禁止的な，后缀的音调和动词词干的音调一致；而表示祈使的な，其音调高于动词词干。書くな (kaku na, “不要写”) → かくな 書きな (kaki na, “写吧”) → かきな"
],
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "后缀",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語非正式用語",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
7
]
],
"roman": "Atchi e ikina, bōya.",
"ruby": [
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"text": "あっちへ行きな、ぼうや。",
"translation": "走开，小鬼！"
},
{
"text": "座(すわ)りなよ。 ― suwarina yo. ― 坐下啊。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"（表示命令）"
],
"id": "zh-な-ja-suffix-3-EGa54I",
"raw_tags": [
"后接于动词词干"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kudasai",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"くだ"
]
],
"word": "下さい"
},
{
"roman": "chōdai",
"ruby": [
[
"頂",
"ちょう"
],
[
"戴",
"だい"
]
],
"word": "頂戴"
},
{
"roman": "nasai",
"word": "なさい"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "な"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"名",
"字",
"菜",
"儺",
"汝",
"無",
"七"
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "zh-な-ja-soft-redirect-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠]"
}
],
"word": "な"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "多个汉字的训读读法。",
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"那",
"南",
"奈",
"娜",
"懦"
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "zh-な-ja-soft-redirect-47DEQpj81",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠]"
}
],
"word": "な"
}
{
"categories": [
"日語平假名",
"日語詞元",
"日語音節",
"有2個詞條的頁面",
"有國際音標的日語詞",
"有詞條的頁面"
],
"etymology_text": "在平安时代由万叶假名汉字奈的草书形式衍生而来。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "na",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "syllable",
"pos_title": "音节",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"平假名音节な (na)，对应片假名为ナ (na)。在五十音中排第 21 位，位于な行あ段 (na-gyō a-dan，“na 行 a 段”)。"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠]"
}
],
"word": "な"
}
{
"categories": [
"日語平假名",
"日語感嘆詞",
"日語詞元",
"有2個詞條的頁面",
"有國際音標的日語詞",
"有詞條的頁面",
"派生自上古日語的日語詞"
],
"etymology_text": "可能派生自语气较轻的强调叹词和句末助词ね，源自上古日語，表示欣赏或考虑，或者表示希望前面的事情能够发生。对比卡片片甘語 ná (“啊？；是吧？；什么？”)。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "na",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "intj",
"pos_title": "叹词",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"日語非正式用語"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "な、聞(き)いたかい。 ― na, kiita kai. ― 喂，听到没？"
}
],
"glosses": [
"喂 （用于唤起某人注意，一般带中立或轻微的正面色彩）"
],
"raw_tags": [
"男性用词",
"略微強調"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠]"
}
],
"word": "な"
}
{
"categories": [
"日語助詞",
"日語平假名",
"日語詞元",
"有2個詞條的頁面",
"有國際音標的日語詞",
"有詞條的頁面",
"派生自上古日語的日語詞"
],
"etymology_text": "可能派生自语气较轻的强调叹词和句末助词ね，源自上古日語，表示欣赏或考虑，或者表示希望前面的事情能够发生。对比卡片片甘語 ná (“啊？；是吧？；什么？”)。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "na",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"notes": [
"一般用于自言自语，比一般认为没有请求同意的助词ね正式。"
],
"pos": "particle",
"pos_title": "助词",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"日語非正式用語"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "そうかな。 ― sō ka na. ― 这样的嘛。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"吗，嘛 （表达感慨或轻微强调的句末助词）"
],
"raw_tags": [
"略微強調"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "nā",
"sense": "吗，嘛 （表达感慨或轻微强调的句末助词）",
"word": "なあ"
}
],
"word": "な"
}
{
"categories": [
"日語助詞",
"日語平假名",
"日語詞元",
"有2個詞條的頁面",
"有國際音標的日語詞",
"有詞條的頁面",
"派生自上古日語的日語詞",
"源自上古日語的日語繼承詞"
],
"etymology_text": "/ni aru/ → /naru/ → /na/\n源自上古日語。原略自に (ni，助词) + ある (aru，古典动词あり (ari，“有，存在”)的连用形)。对比他加祿語 na (形容词化助词)、卡片片甘語 a (形容词化助词)、na (属格助词，形容词化助词)、伊洛卡諾語 a (形容词化助词)。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "na",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"notes": [
"古旧形式なる (naru)还用于正式、古体或诗歌语境。",
"静(しず)かなる田(でん)園(えん) ― shizuka naru den'en ― 寂静的田园"
],
"pos": "particle",
"pos_title": "助词",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "変(へん)な人(ひと) ― hen na hito ― 怪人"
}
],
"glosses": [
"后接于形容動詞 (keiyōdōshi，有时候叫“ナ形容词”)，使其变为形容词"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠]"
}
],
"word": "な"
}
{
"categories": [
"日語助詞",
"日語平假名",
"日語詞元",
"有2個詞條的頁面",
"有國際音標的日語詞",
"有詞條的頁面",
"派生自上古日語的日語詞",
"源自上古日語的日語繼承詞",
"缺少作者和編輯參數的參考模板"
],
"etymology_text": "源自上古日語。可能是否定形容词ない (nai)的词根na。另一理论认为这是否定助动词ず (zu)的未完形。\n首个引文见于公元720年成书的《日本书纪》。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "na",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"notes": [
"一般认为非常不正式，且据语气可能较粗鲁。从不使用于正式对话中。正式对话应换用〜ないで下さい (~naide kudasai)后接于动词的未完形后。如：",
"同亲朋好友、小孩或（可能）下属对话：するな。 ― suru na. ― 不要做。",
"同其他人对话：しないでください。 ― shinaide kudasai. ― 请不要做。"
],
"pos": "particle",
"pos_title": "助词",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"日語男性用語",
"日語非正式用語"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "行(い)くな！ ― Iku na! ― 别走！"
},
{
"text": "無(む)断(だん)で引(いん)用(よう)するな。 ― Mudan de in'yō suru na. ― 不要未经许可引用。"
},
{
"text": "混(ま)ぜるな危険(きけん) ― mazeru na kiken ― 危险：请勿混合"
}
],
"glosses": [
"（自720年起） 表示禁止： 不要，不得，别"
],
"raw_tags": [
"现代日语中为男性用語",
"加到动词的原形（即辞书形）后"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠]"
}
],
"word": "な"
}
{
"categories": [
"日語平假名",
"日語後綴",
"日語詞元",
"有2個詞條的頁面",
"有國際音標的日語詞",
"有詞條的頁面"
],
"etymology_text": "礼貌祈使助动词なさい (nasai)的截断形式。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-na",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"notes": [
"表示命令的非正式形式，没有直接使用动词的命令形粗鲁。",
"一般局限于对亲朋好友、小孩或下属的对话食(た)べな ― tabena ― 吃吧！",
"在日语口语中，表示禁止的な和表示祈使的な还有重音模式上的差别。对于表示禁止的な，后缀的音调和动词词干的音调一致；而表示祈使的な，其音调高于动词词干。書くな (kaku na, “不要写”) → かくな 書きな (kaki na, “写吧”) → かきな"
],
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "后缀",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"日語非正式用語",
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
7
]
],
"roman": "Atchi e ikina, bōya.",
"ruby": [
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"text": "あっちへ行きな、ぼうや。",
"translation": "走开，小鬼！"
},
{
"text": "座(すわ)りなよ。 ― suwarina yo. ― 坐下啊。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"（表示命令）"
],
"raw_tags": [
"后接于动词词干"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kudasai",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"くだ"
]
],
"word": "下さい"
},
{
"roman": "chōdai",
"ruby": [
[
"頂",
"ちょう"
],
[
"戴",
"だい"
]
],
"word": "頂戴"
},
{
"roman": "nasai",
"word": "なさい"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "な"
}
{
"categories": [
"有國際音標的日語詞"
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"名",
"字",
"菜",
"儺",
"汝",
"無",
"七"
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠]"
}
],
"word": "な"
}
{
"categories": [
"有國際音標的日語詞"
],
"etymology_text": "多个汉字的训读读法。",
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"那",
"南",
"奈",
"娜",
"懦"
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠]"
}
],
"word": "な"
}
Download raw JSONL data for な meaning in 日语 (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 日语 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-03 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (1da2133 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.