quattuor

来自原始意大利語 *kʷettwōr（*t在*-w-前重複），來自原始印歐語 *kʷetwṓr，*kʷetwóres的中性複數。同源詞有梵語 चतुर् (catur)、古典亞美尼亞語 չորք (čʿorkʿ)、古希臘語 τέσσαρες (téssares)和古英語 fēower（英語 four）。
* 按照一般規律應爲*quettuor，e到a的變化無法解釋。


secundus

来自原始意大利語 *sekʷontinos (字面意思是“接着的”)；等价于sequor (“跟随；接着”) + -undus。


novem

*noven （受 decem, 影響，參見 nōnus < *h₁newnos），源自原始印歐語 *h₁néwn̥。與梵語 नवन् (navan), 古希臘語 ἐννέα (ennéa), 古英語 niġon（英語nine）等同源。

8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 4.262-264:
perque novem luces expers undaeque cibique
rore mero lacrimisque suis ieiunia pavit
nec se movit humo
For nine whole days she sat, tasting neither drink nor food,
her hunger fed by naught save pure dew and tears,
and moved not from the ground.

397 CE – 401 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, Confessions 4.1.1:
per idem tempus annorum novem, ab undevicensimo anno aetatis meae usque ad duodetricensimum, seducebamur et seducebamus
During this period of nine years, from my nineteenth year to my twenty-eighth, I went astray and led others astray.

et nunc divide terram in possessionem novem tribubus et dimidiae tribui Manasse

Now therefore divide this land for an inheritance unto the nine tribes, and the half tribe of Manasseh

405, Jerome and others, Vulgate, Iosue 13:7


octavus

源自原始意大利語 *oktāwos ← 原始印歐語 *oḱtṓwos ← *oḱtṓw，參見基數詞octō (“八”)。


decem

源自原始印歐語 *déḱm̥。與梵語 दश (daśa), 古希臘語 δέκα (déka), 古英語 tīen (英語ten)等同源。

100 BCE – 44 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.9:
Caesar exposito exercitu et loco castris idoneo capto, ubi ex captivis cognovit quo in loco hostium copiae consedissent, cohortibus decem ad mare relictis et equitibus trecentis, qui praesidio navibus essent […]
凱撒卸下軍隊，選定一個方便的扎營地點。當他從俘虜口中得知敵軍駐在什么地方時，便在海邊留下十個營的步兵和三百騎兵守衛艦只 […]

8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 15.422–423:
sic magna fuit censuque virisque perque decem potuit tantum dare sanguinis annos
當初特洛亞的人力物力何等强大，十年流血戰爭都支持住了

405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Marcus.10.41:
et audientes decem coeperunt indignari de Iacobo et Iohanne
那十個門徒聽見，就惱怒雅各、約翰。


duodecim

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 1.19:
Atque omnium primum ad cursus lunae in duodecim menses discribit annum
首先，他根據月亮的運行規律，把一年分成十二個月

405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Ioannes.20.24:
Thomas autem unus ex duodecim qui dicitur Didymus non erat cum eis quando venit Iesus
But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came.


duodeviginti

字面意思為“二十減二”；源自duo (“二”) + dē (“從”) vīgintī (“二十”)。對比octōdecim。

100 BCE – 44 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 2.5:
castra in altitudinem pedum XII vallo fossaque duodeviginti pedum muniri iubet.
He orders him to fortify a camp with a rampart twelve feet in height, and a trench eighteen feet in breadth.

121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum divi Augusti.65:
G. et L. in duodeviginti mensium spatio amisit ambos, Gaio in Lycia, Lucio Massiliae defunctis.
He lost Gaius and Lucius within the span of eighteen months, for the former died in Lycia and the latter at Massilia.


oinos

繼承自原始意大利語 *oinos，來自原始印歐語 *óynos。


duodequinquaginta

字面意義為「五十除去二」; duo (“二”) + dē (“除去、免掉”) + quīnquāgintā (“五十”)

「48」除了寫成 duodēquīnquāgintā 以外，還可以表示作 quadrāgintā octō (“四十、八”) 或 octō et quadrāgintā (“八和四十”)。


decimus

源自原始意大利語 *dekemos ← *dekem (“十”) ← 原始印歐語 *déḱm̥。與decem同源。


octo

源自原始印歐語 *oḱtṓw。與梵語 अष्ट (aṣṭa), 古希臘語 ὀκτώ (oktṓ), 古英語 eahta (英語 eight)等同源。Rubenbauer/Hofmann 認為源自原始印歐語的雙數（基於4的數字系統，表示“4根指尖的兩倍”）。

c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgicon 1.171:
huic a stirpe pedes temo protentus in octo,
binae aures, duplici aptantur dentalia dorso.
then nigh the root / A pole eight feet projecting, earth-boards twain, / And share-beam with its double back they fix

c. 370 CE, Eutropius, Breviarium historiae romanae 2.2:
T. etiam Quintius Cincinnatus Praenestinos, qui usque ad urbis Romae portas cum bello venerant, persecutus ad flumen Alliam vicit, octo civitates, quae sub ipsis agebant, Romanis adiunxit, ipsum Praeneste adgressus in deditionem accepit.
Titus Quintius Cincinnatus, also, having pursued the Praenestini, who had advanced in a hostile manner to the very gates of Rome, defeated them on the river Allia, annexing eight cities that were under their dominion to the Roman empire; and, attacking Praeneste itself, forced it to surrender.

405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Regum II.22.1:
octo annorum erat Iosias cum regnare coepisset et triginta uno anno regnavit in Hierusalem
約西亞八歲登上王位，在耶路撒冷統治三十一年。


nonus

Terra nona.


quindecim

quindecim omnino generibus uvarum nominatis, tribus oleae, totidem pirorum, malo vero tantum Assyrio, ceteris omnibus neglectis
#*:: in all, fifteen varieties of the grape has he named, three of the olive, the same number of the pear, and the citron of Assyria, and has neglected the rest

77-79 AD, Gaius Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia, liber XIV, vii

erant autem Sibae quindecim filii et viginti servi
#*:: Now Ziba had fifteen sons and twenty servants.

405, Jerome and others, Vulgate, Samuelis II 9:10 (Regnum II)


quattuordecim

c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Histories 1.5:
laudata olim et militari fama celebrata severitas eius angebat aspernantis veterem disciplinam atque ita quattuordecim annis a Nerone adsuefactos ut haud minus vitia principum amarent quam olim virtutes verebantur.
The strictness once so commended, and celebrated in the praises of the army, was galling to troops who rebelled against the old discipline, and who had been accustomed by fourteen years' service under Nero to love the vices of their emperors, as much as they had once respected their virtues.

405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Regum I.8.65:
fecit ergo Salomon in tempore illo festivitatem celebrem et omnis Israhel cum eo multitudo magna ab introitu Emath usque ad rivum Aegypti coram Domino Deo nostro septem diebus et septem diebus id est quattuordecim diebus
And at that time Solomon held a feast, and all Israel with him, a great congregation, from the entering in of Hamath unto the river of Egypt, before the LORD our God, seven days and seven days, even fourteen days.


sedecim

c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Histories 3.2:
nunc sedecim alarum coniuncta signa pulsu sonituque et nube ipsa operient ac superfundent oblitos proeliorum equites equosque
Now the united standards of sixteen squadrons will bury and overwhelm with the crash and din and storm of their onset these horses and horsemen that have forgotten how to fight.

405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.46.18:
hii filii Zelphae quam dedit Laban Liae filiae suae et hos genuit Iacob sedecim animas
These are the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah his daughter, and these she bare unto Jacob, even sixteen souls.


septendecim

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 25:
tribuni plebis, si iis uideretur, ad populum ferrent ut, qui minores septendecim annis sacramento dixissent, iis perinde stipendia procederent ac si septendecim annorum aut maiores milites facti essent.
The tribunes of the plebs might, if they thought good, make a proposal to the people that those who had taken the military oath when under seventeen years of age should have their pay reckoned to them on the same scale as if they had been enlisted at seventeen, or older.

Respondimus universum numerum tam sanorum quam aegrotorum esse ad unum et quinquaginta homines, ex quibus aegroti erant septendecim.
#*:: We answered, “We were in all (sick and whole) one–and–fifty persons, whereof our sick were seventeen.”


septem

源自原始印歐語 *septḿ̥。與梵語 सप्तन् (saptán)、古希臘語 ἑπτά (heptá)、古英語 seofon (英語 seven)、教會斯拉夫語 седмь (sedmĭ)同源。

8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 5.188–190:
at Nileus, qui se genitum septemplice Nilo ementitus erat, clipeo quoque flumina septem argento partim, partim caelaverat auro
But Nileus, who falsely claimed he was born of the seven-fold Nile, had upon [his] shield the seven streams, part in silver and part engraved in gold

405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.29.18:
quam diligens Iacob ait serviam tibi pro Rahel filia tua minore septem annis
And Jacob loved Rachel; and said, I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter.


nonaginta

源自*nūnāgintā，源自原始印歐語 *h₁néwn̥(d)ḱomt (“九個十”)。與古希臘語 ἐνενήκοντα (enenḗkonta)同源。


terni

源自ter (“三次”)。


triginta

源自原始印歐語 *tri(d)ḱomt (“三十”)。與古希臘語 τριάκοντα (triákonta)、梵語 त्रिंशत् (triṃśát)等同源。


tredecim

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 9:
Miremur si, cum ex hac parte saecula plura numerentur quam ex illa anni, plus in tam longo spatio quam in aetate tredecim annorum fortuna uariauerit?
Where more generations are reckoned on one side than years on the other, can we be surprised that in such a long space of time there have been more changes of fortune than in a period of thirteen years?

c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Histories 2.83:
sed legio sexta et tredecim vexillariorum milia ingenti agmine sequebantur
Behind him, however, came in a vast body the 6th legion and 13,000 veterans.

405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.17.25:
et Ismahel filius eius tredecim annos impleverat tempore circumcisionis suae
And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.


undeviginti

字面意思為“從二十中取出/減去一”，源自ūnus (“一”) + dē (“從”) vīgintī (“二十”)。對比不用減法表示的novendecim、novemdecim。

Annos undeviginti natus exercitum privato consilio et privata impensa comparavi
#*:: 我十九歲的時候，用自己的力量和金錢招募了一支軍隊。

c. 14 C.E., Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus, "Res gestae Divi Augusti", 1.1

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 2.83:
Intervalla quoque siderum a terra multi indagare temptarunt, et solem abesse a luna undeviginti partes quantam lunam ipsam a terra prodiderunt.
許多人都嘗試探尋地球和星星之間的距離，也給出過結果：日月距離是地月距離的十九倍。


undecim

來自早期*oinodecem，來自原始印歐語 *óynom déḱm̥t，相當於ūnus (“一”) + decem (“十”)。

達爾馬提亞-羅曼語支:
** 達爾馬提亞語: jonco
** 伊斯特拉語: ondaze

意大利-羅曼語支:
** 科西嘉語: ondeci, ondici, undeci, undici
** 意大利語: undici
** 西西里語: ùnnici

帕達尼亞語支:
** 弗留利語: undis
** 拉登語: undesc
** 倫巴底語: undes, vundes
*** →? 皮埃蒙特語: ondes, undes
** 皮埃蒙特語: onze, unze
** 羅曼什語: indesch
** 威尼斯語: undexe

南高盧-羅曼語支:
** 阿拉貢語: once
** 加泰羅尼亞語: onze
** 奧克語: onze

伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
** 阿斯圖里亞斯語: once
** 加利西亞語: once
** 葡萄牙語: onze
** 西班牙語: once

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 27:
ubi et ipse Cn. Fuluius cum undecim tribunis militum cecidit
It was here that Cn. Fulvius fell together with eleven military tribunes.

405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Actus Apostolorum.2.22:
stans autem Petrus cum undecim levavit vocem suam et locutus est eis viri iudaei et qui habitatis Hierusalem universi hoc vobis notum sit et auribus percipite verba mea
But Peter, standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice, and said unto them, Ye men of Judaea, and all ye that dwell at Jerusalem, be this known unto you, and hearken to my words:


viginti

源自原始意大利語 *wīgentī，源自原始印歐語 *h₁wi-(h₁)-ḱm̥t-ih₁，源自*dwi-(h₁)-dḱm̥t-ih₁、*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti (“兩個十”)。與梵語 विंशति (viṃśatí)、古希臘語 εἴκοσι (eíkosi)、古愛爾蘭語 fiche、威爾士語 ugain、布列塔尼語 ugent、吐火羅語A wiki同源。

他二十歲。

"And sounded, and found it twenty fathoms: and when they had gone a little further, they sounded again, and found it fifteen fathoms."

qui submittentes invenerunt passus viginti et pusillum inde separati invenerunt passus quindecim


Rotulus Parliamenti prorogati uſque quartum diem Novembris, Anno Regni Regis Henrici 8ᵛⁱ Quarto; et poſtea de die in diem uſque 20ᵐᵘᵐ diem Decembris ex tunc prox. ſequen. continuat. et ex tunc uſque 7ᵐ diem Novembris prox. ſequen. prorogat.

1513, Rolls of Parliament, to Supply the Deficiencies in the Journals of the House of Lords，頁號 i:


octaginta

... De (Mul)leis et (G)allicis / (Gall)icae viriles rusticanae bisoles par * octaginta / (Gall)icae viriles monosoles par * quinquaginta ...

1826, YA Pamphlet Collection (Library of Congress), An Edict of Diocletian, fixing a maximum of prices throughout the Roman empire, A.D. 303, page 24:


古典拉丁語 nōnāgintā 受到 novem (“九”) 的影響而產生的類推變體。


octoginta

繼承自原始印歐語 *oktōḱomt，源自早期的 *oḱto(w)-dḱomt (“八-十”)。與古希臘語 ὀγδοήκοντα (ogdoḗkonta) 同源。


duodesexagesimus

30 CE, Velleius Paterculus, Historia Romana 2.53:
Hic post tres consulatus et totidem triumphos domitumque terrarum orbem sanctissimi atque praestantissimi viri in id evecti, super quod ascendi non potest, duodesexagesimum annum agentis pridie natalem ipsius vitae fuit exitus, in tantum in illo viro a se discordante fortuna, ut cui modo ad victoriam terra defuerat, deesset ad sepulturam.
這個正直而傑出的人，在擔任了三個執政官、慶祝了三次勝利、征服了整個世界、達到了不可能超越的名望頂峰之後，在他五十八歲的生日前夕就這樣死去。他的命運就是這樣的反覆無常，在不久之前他還沒有找到更多可以征服的土地，現在卻找不到可以埋葬他的土地。


duodequinquagesimi

duodēquīnquāgēsimus 的屈折变化形式：
主格/呼格陽性複數

duodēquīnquāgēsimus 的屈折变化形式：
屬格陽性/中性單數


duodequinquagesimae

duodēquīnquāgēsimus 的屈折变化形式：
主格/呼格陰性複數

duodēquīnquāgēsimus 的屈折变化形式：
屬格/與格陰性單數


duodequinquagesimum

duodēquīnquāgēsimus 的屈折变化形式：
主格/賓格/呼格中性單數

duodēquīnquāgēsimus 的屈折变化形式：
賓格陽性單數


duodeseptuagesimus

Fuit hic annus, quo Alboinus eſt Italiam bello adortus, ab Romani imperij inclinatione centeſimus ac ſextus & quinquageſimus, ab eo qui fuit humanæ ſalutis duodeſeptuageſimus ac quingenteſimus, erat qꝫ tunc Benedictus pontifex Quiritij generis, & qui primus in ea dignitate id nomen tulit.

1535, Posterior Pars Eiusdem Rapsodiae Historiarum Marci Antonii Coccii Sabellici ab orbe condito, cõtinens sex Enneades reliquas, cum earundem Repertoriis & Epitomis, Iacobo Giunti，頁號 267:

Subſecutus eſt annus eius æui duodeſeptuageſimus, quo Adurnius ad Carolum quartuin Bohemiæ regem, ac Cæſarem renunciatum, & in Etruriam profectum, nobilem ac ſplendidam legationen habuit: à quo, præter cetera, impetrauit, vt in Liguſtica ditione ſuum Vicatium ageret.

1579, Petrus Bizarus Sentinatus, Senatus Populique Genuensis Rerum Domi Forisque Gestarum Historiæ atque Annales, Antverpiæ: Ex officina Christophori Plantini Architypographi Regij，頁號 141:

Sententiis Eligianis, quas hactenus ex Audoeno recitauimus, pleraſque valdè conformes complectitur Sermo, qui numeratur ducenteſimus quadrageſimus-primus inter vulgatos Auguſtini de Tempore, & in Appendice quam quam Doctores Louanienſes Tomo decimo Auguſtinianorum operum ſubiecerunt, recenſetur duodeſeptuageſimus cum hac cenſura, Lipſius dubitat an ſit phraſis Seueriani.

1668, Carolus le Cointe, Annales Ecclesiastici Francorum, Parisiis: E Typographia Regia，頁號 489:


duodequinquagesima

duodēquīnquāgēsimus 的屈折变化形式：
主格/呼格陰性單數

duodēquīnquāgēsimus 的屈折变化形式：
主格/賓格/呼格中性複數


quadringentesimi

quadringentēsimus 的屈折变化形式：
主格/呼格陽性複數

quadringentēsimus 的屈折变化形式：
屬格陽性/中性單數


quadringentesimum

quadringentēsimus 的屈折变化形式：
主格/賓格/呼格中性單數


quadringentesimae

quadringentēsimus 的屈折变化形式：
主格/呼格陰性複數

quadringentēsimus 的屈折变化形式：
屬格/與格陰性單數


quadringentesima

quadringentēsimus 的屈折变化形式：
主格/呼格陰性單數

quadringentēsimus 的屈折变化形式：
主格/賓格/呼格中性複數


primum

請參閲主詞條的词源章節。

prīmus 的屈折变化形式：
主格/賓格/呼格中性單數

prīmus 的屈折变化形式：
賓格陽性單數


secundo

secundus 的與格/奪格陽性/中性單數