vomitare

借自拉丁語 vomitāre。

vòmito (first-person singular present)
vomitài (first-person singular past historic)
vomitàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


nuotare

早期作 notare，繼承自通俗拉丁語 *notāre，繼承自拉丁語 natāre。對照科西嘉語 nutà。
原本的詞形 notare 不定式沒有雙元音，但存在 nuota 等有雙元音的變位形式，這一現象體現了拉丁語 /ŏ/ 在重讀開音節當中的雙元音化。後來這一現象擴散到該詞的所有變位形式和不定式當中。
natare 的同源對似詞。

nuòto (first-person singular present)
nuotài (first-person singular past historic)
nuotàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


galleggiare

galléggio (first-person singular present)
galleggiài (first-person singular past historic)
galleggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


pugnare

繼承自拉丁語 pugnāre。

pùgno (first-person singular present)
pugnài (first-person singular past historic)
pugnàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


abbandonare

abbandóno (first-person singular present)
abbandonài (first-person singular past historic)
abbandonàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


abbellire

abbellìsco (first-person singular present)
abbellìi (first-person singular past historic)
abbellìto (past participle)
avére
èssere


abitare

借自拉丁語 habitāre（habeō 的反復形）。

àbito (first-person singular present)
abitài (first-person singular past historic)
abitàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


abortire

abortìsco (first-person singular present)
abortìi (first-person singular past historic)
abortìto (past participle)
avére
èssere

墮胎，流產 [助動詞 avere]

未發育，未成熟 [助動詞 essere]


abbordare

abbórdo (first-person singular present)
abbordài (first-person singular past historic)
abbordàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


abbagliare

可能派生自拉丁語 varius (“各種各樣的，不同的”)，指多種不同的顏色。

abbàglio (first-person singular present)
abbagliài (first-person singular past historic)
abbagliàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

impressionare

使驚羨，使著迷，使讚歎；打動

abbagliante

眼花繚亂的，炫目的，耀眼的

感到目眩；感到著迷 [助動詞 essere]


abbassarsi

mi abbàsso (first-person singular present)
mi abbassài (first-person singular past historic)
abbassàto (past participle)

appiattirsi

彎腰，俯身 [接 a 或 per ‘到某一位置’]

(下降，降低)： 常代替 abbassare，用以強調。

non potete abbassarvi le mascherine in pubblico

你不能在公共场合摘下（医用）口罩

le acque del lago si abbassano ogni giorno

abbassati la voce

彎腰，俯身 [接 a 或 per ‘到某一位置’]

abbassarsi a terra

abbassarsi a raccogliere i libri caduti

abbassarsi a chiedere scusa

abbassarsi al loro livello


abbonacciare

源自 a- (“朝，向”) + bonaccia (“非常平靜”) + -are (第一類變位動詞後綴)。

abbonàccio (first-person singular present)
abbonacciài (first-person singular past historic)
abbonacciàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

平靜下來 (指海面或天氣) [助動詞 essere] (指海面)


accampare

accàmpo (first-person singular present)
accampài (first-person singular past historic)
accampàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

campeggiare

顯得突出 [助動詞 avere]

顯得突出 [助動詞 avere]


accelerare

借自拉丁語 accelerāre (“加快，加速”)，源自 ad (“朝，向”) + celerō (“加快”)。

accèlero (first-person singular present)
accelerài (first-person singular past historic)
acceleràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

加快，加速 [助動詞 avere]


accondiscendere

accondiscéndo (first-person singular present)
accondiscèndo (first-person singular present)
accondiscési (first-person singular past historic)
accondiscéso (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


accrescere

accrésco (first-person singular present)
accrébbi (first-person singular past historic)
accresciùto (past participle)
èssere
avére

增長，增加 [助動詞 essere]


adoperare

adòpero (first-person singular present)
adoperài (first-person singular past historic)
adoperàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


aggravare

源自拉丁語 aggravāre (“增加或增添重量、使更重、压垮；使恶化或更危险、加剧；压迫、使有负担、使烦恼”)。

aggràvo (first-person singular present)
aggravài (first-person singular past historic)
aggravàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


agognare

繼承自通俗拉丁語 *agōniāre，源自古希臘語 ἀγωνιάω (agōniáō，“奮鬥”)。

agógno (first-person singular present)
agognài (first-person singular past historic)
agognàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


allegorizzare

源自拉丁語 allēgorizāre。By surface analysis, allegoria + -izzare。

allegorìzzo (first-person singular present)
allegorizzài (first-person singular past historic)
allegorizzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


annerire

源自 a- + nero + -ire。參見拉丁語 nigrēscō、法語 noircir、西班牙語 ennegrecer、羅馬尼亞語 înnegri。

annerìsco (first-person singular present)
annerìi (first-person singular past historic)
annerìto (past participle)
avére
èssere


lesinare

lèsino (first-person singular present)
lésino (first-person singular present)
lesinài (first-person singular past historic)
lesinàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


armonizzare

armonìzzo (first-person singular present)
armonizzài (first-person singular past historic)
armonizzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

協調，和諧 [助動詞 avere]


manifestare

源自拉丁語 manifēstāre (“展示，公开”)，派生自 manifēstus (“明显的，清楚的”)。

manifèsto (first-person singular present)
manifestài (first-person singular past historic)
manifestàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


attendere

attèndo (first-person singular present)
attési (first-person singular past historic)
attéso (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


bastare

繼承自通俗拉丁語 *bastāre (“足夠，充足”)，可能派生自晚期拉丁語 bastum (“棍棒、杆、竿”)，源自古希臘語 βαστάζω (bastázō，“举起、携带、承受、支撑（重量）”)。對照西西里語 bastari、西班牙語和葡萄牙語 bastar、法語 baster。

bàsto (first-person singular present)
bastài (first-person singular past historic)
bastàto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)


canzonare

canzóno (first-person singular present)
canzonài (first-person singular past historic)
canzonàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

prendere in giro

譏笑，嘲笑，開某人的玩笑

burlarsi di

譏笑，嘲笑，開某人的玩笑

開玩笑，打趣 [助動詞 avere]


parlamentare

parlaménto (first-person singular present)
parlamentài (first-person singular past historic)
parlamentàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


chiudere

chiùdo (first-person singular present)
chiùsi (first-person singular past historic)
chiùso (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

la porta non chiude bene

la scuola ha chiuso

結束，停止 [接 con ‘和……的關係’] [助動詞 avere]


ciarlare

可能是擬聲詞。可能與 ciarlatano (“江湖騙子”) 的本義有關，該詞源自 Carlomagno (“查理曼”)，指的是浪漫史家们讲述的有关查理曼大帝圣骑士的荒诞故事。而也有人提出派生自拉丁語 ex (“從，自，出”) + hariolor (“预言；闲聊”)，與拉丁語 haruspex 同源。

ciàrlo (first-person singular present)
ciarlài (first-person singular past historic)
ciarlàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

(不及物) 閒聊，聊天；說長道短 [助動詞 avere]


coabitare

coàbito (first-person singular present)
coabitài (first-person singular past historic)
coabitàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

同居，共同生活 [助動詞 avere]


perdonare

繼承自晚期拉丁語 perdōnāre。

perdóno (first-person singular present)
perdonài (first-person singular past historic)
perdonàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


coincidere

借自中世紀拉丁語 coincidō。

coincìdo (first-person singular present)
coincìsi (first-person singular past historic)
coincìso (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

同時發生；巧合 [助動詞 avere]

協調，一致 [助動詞 avere]


collaborare

collàboro (first-person singular present)
collaborài (first-person singular past historic)
collaboràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


perire

繼承自拉丁語 perīre (“死亡；滅亡”)。

perìsco (first-person singular present)
perìi (first-person singular past historic)
perìto (past participle)
èssere
avére

滅亡，毀滅 [助動詞 essere]

結束，停止 [助動詞 essere]


collegare

繼承自拉丁語 colligāre。

collégo (first-person singular present)
collègo (first-person singular present)
collegài (first-person singular past historic)
collegàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

一致，同意 [助動詞 avere]


perseverare

persèvero (first-person singular present)
perseverài (first-person singular past historic)
perseveràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


cominciare

comìncio (first-person singular present)
cominciài (first-person singular past historic)
cominciàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

è/ha cominciato bene


comunicare

comùnico (first-person singular present)
comunicài (first-person singular past historic)
comunicàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


pizzicare

pìzzico (first-person singular present)
pizzicài (first-person singular past historic)
pizzicàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

眼睛感到刺痛 [助動詞 avere]


confinare

confìno (first-person singular present)
confinài (first-person singular past historic)
confinàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


connettere

connétto (first-person singular present)
connètto (first-person singular present)
connettéi (first-person singular past historic)
connéssi (first-person singular past historic)
connèssi (first-person singular past historic)
connésso (past participle)
connèsso (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

ragionare

有理智地思考 [助動詞 avere]

有理智地思考 [助動詞 avere]


potere

繼承自通俗拉丁語 potēre，源自拉丁語 posse。

pòsso (first-person singular present)
potéi (first-person singular past historic)
potétti (first-person singular past historic)
potètti (first-person singular past historic)
potùto (past participle)
potrò
avére
èssere

當翻譯與這些義項有關的句子時，本詞可以省略：Lei lo può fare. (使用 potere) ― 她能做。 Sa nuotare. (使用 sapere) ― 她會游泳。 Lo vedo. (省略) ― 我能看見。


continuare

contìnuo (first-person singular present)
continuài (first-person singular past historic)
continuàto (past participle)
avére (intransitive)
èssere

持續，延續，延伸 (形容事物) [助動詞 avere或essere]


predicare

借自拉丁語 praedicō。

prèdico (first-person singular present)
predicài (first-person singular past historic)
predicàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

講道，佈道 [助動詞 avere]


contraddire

源自拉丁語 contradīcĕre。By surface analysis, contra- + dire。

contraddìco (first-person singular present)
contraddìssi (first-person singular past historic)
contraddétto (past participle)
contraddicévo
avére (auxiliary)


cooperare

借自拉丁語 cooperārī (“與他人一起工作；合作”)，源自 co- + operor (“工作，勞動”)。

coòpero (first-person singular present)
cooperài (first-person singular past historic)
cooperàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


profetizzare

profetìzzo (first-person singular present)
profetizzài (first-person singular past historic)
profetizzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

預言，預見 [助動詞 avere]


cospirare

源自拉丁語 cōnspīrāre。

cospìro (first-person singular present)
cospirài (first-person singular past historic)
cospiràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

陰謀，密謀 [助動詞 avere]

團結 [接 con ‘和其他人’ 和 a ‘為共同目標’] [助動詞 avere]

共謀 [接 contro di ‘反對某人’; or 接 a (+ 不定式) ‘做某事)’; or 接 a (+ object) ‘為某結果’] [助動詞 avere]

(線條、力量、運動等) 聚集到一起 [助動詞 avere]


reagire

reagìsco (first-person singular present)
reagìi (first-person singular past historic)
reagìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

起反應；作出反應 [助動詞 avere]


recitare

借自拉丁語 recitāre。

rècito (first-person singular present)
recitài (first-person singular past historic)
recitàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


recriminare

recrìmino (first-person singular present)
recriminài (first-person singular past historic)
recriminàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


differire

借自拉丁語 differre，變位發生改變。

differìsco (first-person singular present)
differìi (first-person singular past historic)
differìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

不同，有區別 [助動詞 avere]


digiunare

源自晚期拉丁語 ieiūnāre的一通俗拉丁語派生形式，源自拉丁語 ieiūnus，詞首的 ie- 可能先在拉丁語變為 de-，後再在意大利語變為 di-。對照英語 jejune、加泰羅尼亞語 dejunar、西班牙語 ayunar、法語 jeûner、葡萄牙語 jejuar、古意大利語 giunare。

digiùno (first-person singular present)
digiunài (first-person singular past historic)
digiunàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

齋戒，禁食 [助動詞 avere]


rinforzare

rinfòrzo (first-person singular present)
rinforzài (first-person singular past historic)
rinforzàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

得到加強、增強 [助動詞 essere]


disertare

源自晚期拉丁語、通俗拉丁語 *dēsertāre，繼承自拉丁語 dēsertus，dēserō (“放弃，抛弃”) 的完成時被動分詞。

disèrto (first-person singular present)
disertài (first-person singular past historic)
disertàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

義項3通常帶助動詞 avere，有時候也用 essere。

擅離職守；叛逃；叛離；投敵


rinunciare

源自拉丁語 renuntiāre (“拒絕、收回、撤銷”)。

rinùncio (first-person singular present)
rinunciài (first-person singular past historic)
rinunciàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


ripiegare

源自 ri- + piegare，參見拉丁語 replicō, replicāre。

ripiègo (first-person singular present)
ripiégo (first-person singular present)
ripiegài (first-person singular past historic)
ripiegàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

不得已而採取、選擇 [接 su] [助動詞 avere]


riprovare

ripròvo (first-person singular present)
riprovài (first-person singular past historic)
riprovàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

嘗試，企圖 [接 a ‘做某事’]


dissimulare

dissìmulo (first-person singular present)
dissimulài (first-person singular past historic)
dissimulàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

被掩飾，得到掩蓋 [助動詞 avere]


risplendere

半接觸借詞，源自拉丁語 resplendēre。

risplèndo (first-person singular present)
risplendétti (first-person singular past historic)
risplendètti (first-person singular past historic)
èssere
avére

splendere

閃耀，光彩奪目，熠熠生輝 [助動詞 essere或avere]

scintillare

閃耀，光彩奪目，熠熠生輝 [助動詞 essere或avere]

複合時態和過去分詞很少被使用，一些詞典甚至認為它們完全不存在。參見 splendere。

閃耀，光彩奪目，熠熠生輝 [助動詞 essere或avere]


ritornare

ritórno (first-person singular present)
ritornài (first-person singular past historic)
ritornàto (past participle)
èssere
avére

回來，返回 [助動詞 essere]

恢復；回到（話題、品質、情形等）上 [助動詞 essere]


disubbidire

源自 dis- + ubbidire (“順從，服從”)。同源詞包括皮埃蒙特語 disubidì、法語 désobéir。

disubbidìsco (first-person singular present)
disubbidìi (first-person singular past historic)
disubbidìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

ubbidire

不服從，不順從 [助動詞 avere]

不服從，不順從 [助動詞 avere]


divagare

借自拉丁語 dīvagārī。

divàgo (first-person singular present)
divagài (first-person singular past historic)
divagàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

漫遊，徘徊 [助動詞 avere]

離題 [接 da ‘從……’] [助動詞 avere]

空想，做白日夢 [助動詞 avere]


divampare

divàmpo (first-person singular present)
divampài (first-person singular past historic)
divampàto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)


diversificare

源自 diverso + -ficare；與皮埃蒙特語 diversifiché 同源。

diversìfico (first-person singular present)
diversificài (first-person singular past historic)
diversificàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

differire

不同，有差別 [助動詞 avere]

distinguersi

不同，有差別 [助動詞 avere]

assomigliarsi

不同，有差別 [助動詞 avere]

不同，有差別 [助動詞 avere]


sacrificare

源自拉丁語 sacrificāre (“犧牲，獻祭”)，源自 sacer (“神聖的”) + faciō (“做”)。

sacrìfico (first-person singular present)
sacrificài (first-person singular past historic)
sacrificàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

表現出絕對的奉獻精神 [接 a ‘對某事’] [助動詞 avere]


eccedere

源自拉丁語 excēdō。

eccèdo (first-person singular present)
eccedétti (first-person singular past historic)
eccedètti (first-person singular past historic)
eccedùto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

過度，過分 [助動詞 avere]


eccellere

eccèllo (first-person singular present)
eccèlsi (first-person singular past historic)

優秀；出色；脫穎而出 [助動詞 essere或avere] (但複合時態非常罕用)


echeggiare

echéggio (first-person singular present)
echeggiài (first-person singular past historic)
echeggiàto (past participle)
avére (intransitive)
èssere


eiaculare

借自拉丁語 ēiaculārī。

eiàculo (first-person singular present)
eiaculài (first-person singular past historic)
eiaculàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


sbarcare

sbàrco (first-person singular present)
sbarcài (first-person singular past historic)
sbarcàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


sbiancare

sbiànco (first-person singular present)
sbiancài (first-person singular past historic)
sbiancàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

發白；臉色等變得蒼白 [助動詞 essere]


sciabordare

sciabórdo (first-person singular present)
sciabordài (first-person singular past historic)
sciabordàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


equivocare

借自晚期拉丁語 aequivocāre，aequivocō (“用相同的名称称呼”) 的現在不定式。By surface analysis, equivoco (“模棱兩可的”) + -are (第一類變位動詞後綴)。

equìvoco (first-person singular present)
equivocài (first-person singular past historic)
equivocàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

誤解；弄混淆 [助動詞 avere]


scolorire

scolorìsco (first-person singular present)
scolorìi (first-person singular past historic)
scolorìto (past participle)
avére
èssere

變色，褪色，掉色；變蒼白 [助動詞 essere]


eruttare

源自拉丁語 ēructāre。

erùtto (first-person singular present)
eruttài (first-person singular past historic)
eruttàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

ruttare

噯氣，打嗝 [助動詞 avere]

噯氣，打嗝 [助動詞 avere]

噴發，爆發 [助動詞 avere]


scorrere

scórro (first-person singular present)
scórsi (first-person singular past historic)
scórso (past participle)
èssere
avére

fluire

流動；淌；滑動 [助動詞 essere]

scivolare

流動；淌；滑動 [助動詞 essere]

流動；淌；滑動 [助動詞 essere]

消失，不再存在 [助動詞 essere]

流暢，流利 [助動詞 essere]


esclamare

esclàmo (first-person singular present)
esclamài (first-person singular past historic)
esclamàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


esitare

èsito (first-person singular present)
esitài (first-person singular past historic)
esitàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


esplodere

esplòdo (first-person singular present)
esplòsi (first-person singular past historic)
esplòso (past participle)
èssere
avére

開火（武器） [助動詞 avere]


sermoneggiare

sermonéggio (first-person singular present)
sermoneggiài (first-person singular past historic)
sermoneggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


sgombrare

將 ingombrare (“阻礙”) 的前綴 in- 換成 s- (“出”)，義為“清除阻礙”。對照法語 décombrer (“清除瓦礫”)。

sgómbro (first-person singular present)
sgombrài (first-person singular past historic)
sgombràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

搬走，遷移 [助動詞 avere]


fermentare

ferménto (first-person singular present)
fermentài (first-person singular past historic)
fermentàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


smarrire

借自古法語 esmarrir，源自 marir (“使沮丧，使悲伤”)，源自古法蘭克語 *marrijan。

smarrìsco (first-person singular present)
smarrìi (first-person singular past historic)
smarrìto (past participle)
avére
èssere


filtrare

fìltro (first-person singular present)
filtrài (first-person singular past historic)
filtràto (past participle)
avére
èssere


soccombere

源自拉丁語 succumbō。

soccómbo (first-person singular present)
soccombétti (first-person singular past historic)
soccombètti (first-person singular past historic)
soccombùto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

屈服，屈從 [助動詞 avere]


soddisfare

繼承自拉丁語 satisfacere。詞的第一部分 satis (“足夠的”) 不再能作獨立詞時，此動詞便根據意大利語前綴 so- 和 dis- 來構成，結構看起來像是從拉丁語 *sub-dis-facere 而來。借詞 satisfare 的同源對似詞。

soddisfàccio (first-person singular present)
soddìsfo (first-person singular present)
soddisféci (first-person singular past historic)
soddisfàtto (past participle)
soddisfacévo
soddìsfi
soddisfà
soddisfài
avére (auxiliary)

滿足，（使）滿意 [助動詞 avere]

履行，執行 [助動詞 avere]

（使）在性方面感到愉悅 [助動詞 avere]


soffocare

繼承自拉丁語 suffōcāre。

sòffoco (first-person singular present)
soffocài (first-person singular past historic)
soffocàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

reprimere

壓抑、壓制，不讓……自由表達

zittire

壓抑、壓制，不讓……自由表達

mettere a tacere

壓抑、壓制，不讓……自由表達


soprintendere

soprintèndo (first-person singular present)
soprintési (first-person singular past historic)
soprintéso (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

主管，管理，監管，監督 [接 a] [助動詞 avere]


sorridere

繼承自通俗拉丁語 *subrīdĕre，繼承自拉丁語 subrīdēre。

sorrìdo (first-person singular present)
sorrìsi (first-person singular past historic)
sorrìso (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


sospettare

sospètto (first-person singular present)
sospettài (first-person singular past historic)
sospettàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


sottoscrivere

sottoscrìvo (first-person singular present)
sottoscrìssi (first-person singular past historic)
sottoscrìtto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


spaccare

源自古倫巴底語 *spahhan (“劈开，使裂开”)。

spàcco (first-person singular present)
spaccài (first-person singular past historic)
spaccàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

Quel gruppo spacca!


spadroneggiare

spadronéggio (first-person singular present)
spadroneggiài (first-person singular past historic)
spadroneggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

大搖大擺，裝腔作勢 [助動詞 avere]

霸道，傲慢 [助動詞 avere]


sparire

源自 s- + (ap)parire (“出現”)。對照西西里語 spiriri。

sparìsco (first-person singular present)
spàrvi (first-person singular past historic)
sparìi (first-person singular past historic)
spàrsi (first-person singular past historic)
spàrso (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)


friggere

繼承自拉丁語 frīgere，源自原始印歐語 *bʰer-。

frìggo (first-person singular present)
frìssi (first-person singular past historic)
frìtto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


fuggire

繼承自通俗拉丁語 *fugīre，繼承自拉丁語 fugere，繼承自原始意大利語 *fugiō，最终源自原始印歐語 *bʰewg-。同源詞包括西西里語 fùjiri。

fùggo (first-person singular present)
fuggìi (first-person singular past historic)
fuggìto (past participle)
èssere
avére

scappare

逃跑，逃走 [助動詞 essere]

逃跑，逃走 [助動詞 essere]


fulminare

fùlmino (first-person singular present)
fulminài (first-person singular past historic)
fulminàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)


spifferare

spìffero (first-person singular present)
spifferài (first-person singular past historic)
spifferàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

從縫隙中吹進來 [助動詞 avere]


squillare

squìllo (first-person singular present)
squillài (first-person singular past historic)
squillàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


giudicare

繼承自拉丁語 jūdicāre、iūdicāre (“作出判断”)。

giùdico (first-person singular present)
giudicài (first-person singular past historic)
giudicàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


sviluppare

源自 s- + viluppo (“糾結，纏結”) + -are。對照皮埃蒙特語 svilupé。

svilùppo (first-person singular present)
sviluppài (first-person singular past historic)
sviluppàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

（植物或動物）成熟，（青少年）進入青春期


idoleggiare

idoléggio (first-person singular present)
idoleggiài (first-person singular past historic)
idoleggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

崇拜偶像 [助動詞 avere]


telefonare

telèfono (first-person singular present)
telefonài (first-person singular past historic)
telefonàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

打電話 [接 a ‘給’] [助動詞 avere]

Ho telefonato a Luca

我給 Luca 打電話。

Per favore, telefona prima di venire.


imbiancare

imbiànco (first-person singular present)
imbiancài (first-person singular past historic)
imbiancàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


indagare

源自拉丁語 indāgāre。

indàgo (first-person singular present)
indagài (first-person singular past historic)
indagàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

investigare

調查，詢問，打聽 [接 su ‘對……’] [助動詞 avere]

調查，詢問，打聽 [接 su ‘對……’] [助動詞 avere]


indebolire

indebolìsco (first-person singular present)
indebolìi (first-person singular past historic)
indebolìto (past participle)
avére
èssere

變弱，減弱，衰弱 [助動詞 essere]


ubbidire

繼承自拉丁語 oboedīre。

ubbidìsco (first-person singular present)
ubbidìi (first-person singular past historic)
ubbidìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


ingrassare

源自 in- + grasso + -are 對照法語 engraisser、達爾馬提亞語 engrassur、西班牙語 engrasar、羅馬尼亞語 îngrășa。

ingràsso (first-person singular present)
ingrassài (first-person singular past historic)
ingrassàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

prendere peso

變胖，增重 [助動詞 essere]

dimagrire

變胖，增重 [助動詞 essere]

變胖，增重 [助動詞 essere]


urlare

異化自拉丁語 ululāre (“嚎”)，最终源自一原始印歐語擬聲疊詞詞根。

ùrlo (first-person singular present)
urlài (first-person singular past historic)
urlàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


vagabondare

vagabóndo (first-person singular present)
vagabondài (first-person singular past historic)
vagabondàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


intimidire

源自 in- + timido + -ire。對照倫巴底語 intimidì、中世紀拉丁語 intimidāre。

intimidìsco (first-person singular present)
intimidìi (first-person singular past historic)
intimidìto (past participle)
avére
èssere

害羞起來；害怕起來，膽怯起來 [助動詞 essere]


investigare

invèstigo (first-person singular present)
investigài (first-person singular past historic)
investigàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

indagare

檢查，調查 [助動詞 avere]

檢查，調查 [助動詞 avere]


investire

invèsto (first-person singular present)
investìi (first-person singular past historic)
investìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)

impiegare

投資（投入金錢、時間或精力於某事物並從事相關工作）

insediare

授予（正式賦予某人權力或權威）

insignire

授予（正式賦予某人權力或權威）

發生猛烈碰撞(與障礙物) [助動詞 essere]


invigorire

invigorìsco (first-person singular present)
invigorìi (first-person singular past historic)
invigorìto (past participle)
avére
èssere

感到或變得精神煥發、精力充沛 [助動詞 essere]


ionizzare

ionìzzo (first-person singular present)
ionizzài (first-person singular past historic)
ionizzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

（使）電離 [助動詞 avere]


ionizzare

(不及物) 愛奧尼亞化 [助動詞 avere]


vociferare

借自拉丁語 vōciferārī。

vocìfero (first-person singular present)
vociferài (first-person singular past historic)
vociferàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


istupidire

istupidìsco (first-person singular present)
istupidìi (first-person singular past historic)
istupidìto (past participle)
avére
èssere

震驚，驚呆，暫時變糊塗 [助動詞 essere]


acquistare

繼承自通俗拉丁語 *acquīsītāre，繼承自拉丁語 acquīsītus，最終繼承自拉丁語 adquīrere。

acquìsto (first-person singular present)
acquistài (first-person singular past historic)
acquistàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

改進，改善 [助動詞 avere]


vagire

源自拉丁語 vāgiō。

vagìsco (first-person singular present)
vagìi (first-person singular past historic)
vagìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

號哭，嚎啕 [助動詞 avere]


regnare

繼承自拉丁語 rēgnāre。

régno (first-person singular present)
regnài (first-person singular past historic)
regnàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


bacare

bàco (first-person singular present)
bacài (first-person singular past historic)
bacàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


buttare

源自古法語 bouter (“擊打”)，源自日耳曼語族。


accennare

源自 a- + cennare，後者繼承自早期中世紀拉丁語 cinnāre (“眨眼”)。

accénno (first-person singular present)
accennài (first-person singular past historic)
accennàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


chiavare

源自晚期拉丁語 clāvāre，clāvō的現在主動不定式，源自拉丁語 clāvus。對比法語 clouer。

chiàvo (first-person singular present)
chiavài (first-person singular past historic)
chiavàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


raggiare

繼承自拉丁語 radiāre。借詞radiare 的同源對似詞。

ràggio (first-person singular present)
raggiài (first-person singular past historic)
raggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

放射出射線 [助動詞 avere]

發光，閃耀 [助動詞 avere]

放射，輻射 [助動詞 avere]


allenare

源自a- (“向”) + lene (“溫和，軟”) + -are (第一人稱動詞後綴)。

allèno (first-person singular present)
allenài (first-person singular past historic)
allenàto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)


indebolirsi

mi indebolìsco (first-person singular present)
mi indebolìi (first-person singular past historic)
indebolìto (past participle)


annegare

早期作 *annecàre，繼承自通俗拉丁語 *adnecāre (“淹死”)，派生自 necō (“殺死”)。對照西西里語 annijari、西班牙語 anegar、羅馬尼亞語 îneca、法語 noyer。

annégo (first-person singular present)
annègo (first-person singular present)
annegài (first-person singular past historic)
annegàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


assomigliare

繼承自通俗拉丁語 *(as)similiāre，源自拉丁語 similis (“相似的”)。By surface analysis, a- + somigliare。assimilare和assembrare 的同源對似詞。

assomìglio (first-person singular present)
assomigliài (first-person singular past historic)
assomigliàto (past participle)
avére (intransitive)
èssere


somigliare

繼承自通俗拉丁語 *similiāre，派生自拉丁語 similis (“相似的”)。

somìglio (first-person singular present)
somigliài (first-person singular past historic)
somigliàto (past participle)
avére (intransitive)
èssere

La bambina somiglia a sua madre.


costumare

costùmo (first-person singular present)
costumài (first-person singular past historic)
costumàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

frequentare

時常出入於 [接 a ‘地點’] [助動詞 avere]

習慣，慣常 [助動詞 avere]

時常出入於 [接 a ‘地點’] [助動詞 avere]


approdare

appròdo (first-person singular present)
approdài (first-person singular past historic)
approdàto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)
avére (auxiliary)

得出（結果或結論）[接 a]

non approdare a nullo


approdare

appròdo (first-person singular present)
approdài (first-person singular past historic)
approdàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


cagare

cacare的另一種寫法


cacare

源自拉丁語 cacāre，cacō的現在主動不定式，源自原始印歐語詞根 *kakka-。

càco (first-person singular present)
cacài (first-person singular past historic)
cacàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


rendere

源自通俗拉丁語 *rendere，源自拉丁語 reddere，reddō的現在主動不定式。

rèndo (first-person singular present)
rési (first-person singular past historic)
réso (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


salare

sàlo (first-person singular present)
salài (first-person singular past historic)
salàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


starnutire

starnutìsco (first-person singular present)
starnutìi (first-person singular past historic)
starnutìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


studiare

stùdio (first-person singular present)
studiài (first-person singular past historic)
studiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


sussurrare

源自拉丁語 susurrāre，susurrō (“喃喃”)的現在主動不定式。

sussùrro (first-person singular present)
sussurrài (first-person singular past historic)
sussurràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


bisbigliare

bisbìglio (first-person singular present)
bisbigliài (first-person singular past historic)
bisbigliàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

mormorare

誹謗，說壞話 [助動詞 avere]

vociferare

誹謗，說壞話 [助動詞 avere]

誹謗，說壞話 [助動詞 avere]


tardare

源自拉丁語 tardāre，tardō (“延遲”)的現在主動不定式。

tàrdo (first-person singular present)
tardài (first-person singular past historic)
tardàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

(人) 延遲，延誤 [助動詞 avere]


tossire

源自拉丁語 tussīre，tussiō的現在主動不定式。

tossìsco (first-person singular present)
tossìi (first-person singular past historic)
tossìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


usare

源自拉丁語 usus，uti、中世紀拉丁語 usāre的分詞形。

ùso (first-person singular present)
usài (first-person singular past historic)
usàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)

習俗，習慣 [助動詞 essere]


vigilare

vìgilo (first-person singular present)
vigilài (first-person singular past historic)
vigilàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


voltare

源自通俗拉丁語 *voltāre，源自volūtāre，volūtō的現在主動不定式。

vòlto (first-person singular present)
voltài (first-person singular past historic)
voltàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

curvare

（一般 + a 或 verso）轉向

svoltare

（一般 + a 或 verso）轉向

sterzare

（一般 + a 或 verso）轉向

virare

（一般 + a 或 verso）轉向

sorpassare

（一般 + a 或 verso）轉向

（一般 + a 或 verso）轉向

volti a destra!


votare

源自通俗拉丁語 *vōtāre，源自拉丁語 vōtum，源自voveō。對比西班牙語 votar、葡萄牙語 votar、法語 vouer。

vóto (first-person singular present)
votài (first-person singular past historic)
votàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

投票 [接 per ‘為’]，[接 a favore di ‘讚成’]，[接 contro ‘反對’] [助動詞 avere]


sudare

源自拉丁語 sūdāre，sūdō的現在主動不定式，源自原始印歐語 *sweyd-。

sùdo (first-person singular present)
sudài (first-person singular past historic)
sudàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


rumoreggiare

romoreggiare (alternative)
rumoréggio (first-person singular present)
rumoreggiài (first-person singular past historic)
rumoreggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

高喊；疾呼 [助動詞 avere]


misurare

源自晚期拉丁語 mēnsūrāre，mēnsūrō的現在主動不定式，源自拉丁語 mēnsūra。

misùro (first-person singular present)
misurài (first-person singular past historic)
misuràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


videotelefonare

用視頻對話／視訊通話／視像對話交流


mallevare

源自拉丁語 manum (“手”) + levāre (“舉起”)。對照manlevare。

mallèvo (first-person singular present)
mallevài (first-person singular past historic)
mallevàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


astrologare

astròlogo (first-person singular present)
astrologài (first-person singular past historic)
astrologàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

strologare

絞盡腦汁 [助動詞 avere]

strologare

思考，弄清楚，嘗試解決（疑問、困難、神秘等）

絞盡腦汁 [助動詞 avere]


immiserirsi

mi immiserìsco (first-person singular present)
mi immiserìi (first-person singular past historic)
immiserìto (past participle)


risommare

risómmo (first-person singular present)
risommài (first-person singular past historic)
risommàto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)

重新浮出水面 [助動詞 essere]


riessere

risóno (first-person singular present)
rifùi (first-person singular past historic)
ristàto (past participle)
rièro
risarò
risìa
rifóssi
risìi
èssere (auxiliary)

risarò a casa alle otto


rimestare

rimésto (first-person singular present)
rimèsto (first-person singular present)
rimestài (first-person singular past historic)
rimestàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

再攪拌，再混合 [助動詞 avere]

翻找 [接 in ‘在……當中’; or 接 tra ‘在……當中’] [助動詞 avere]


ambulare

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 ambulāre。ambiare 的同源對似詞。

àmbulo (first-person singular present)
ambulài (first-person singular past historic)
ambulàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


equivalere

equivàlgo (first-person singular present)
equivàlsi (first-person singular past historic)
equivàlso (past participle)
equivarrò
èssere (auxiliary)
avére (auxiliary)


affamare

affàmo (first-person singular present)
affamài (first-person singular past historic)
affamàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


atterrare

源自 a- + terra + -are。“著陸”之義仿譯自法語 atterrer。

attèrro (first-person singular present)
atterrài (first-person singular past historic)
atterràto (past participle)
avére (intransitive)
èssere


attenere

繼承自拉丁語 attinēre。

attèngo (first-person singular present)
atténni (first-person singular past historic)
attenùto (past participle)
atterrò
attièni
èssere
avére


allunare

與詞源1一致，類比 atterrare (“著陸，降落”)。

allùno (first-person singular present)
allunài (first-person singular past historic)
allunàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)


cenare

繼承自拉丁語 cēnāre (“吃晚餐”)。

céno (first-person singular present)
cenài (first-person singular past historic)
cenàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


scoreggiare

scoréggio (first-person singular present)
scoreggiài (first-person singular past historic)
scoreggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


scorreggiare

scorréggio (first-person singular present)
scorreggiài (first-person singular past historic)
scorreggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


zappare

源自 zappa + -are。對照法語 saper、西西里語 zappari、威尼斯語 sapar、弗留利語 sapâ、皮埃蒙特語 sapé、西班牙語 zapar、羅馬尼亞語 săpa。

zàppo (first-person singular present)
zappài (first-person singular past historic)
zappàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

不小心踢到地面（而沒踢到球）[助動詞 avere]


migrare

借自拉丁語 migrāre。

mìgro (first-person singular present)
migrài (first-person singular past historic)
migràto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)
avére (auxiliary)


sentenziare

sentènzio (first-person singular present)
sentenziài (first-person singular past historic)
sentenziàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


tonare

tòno (first-person singular present)
tonài (first-person singular past historic)
tonàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)


tuonare

繼承自拉丁語 tonāre，最终源自原始印歐語 *(s)tenh₂- (“打雷”)。By surface analysis, tuono + -are。

tuòno (first-person singular present)
tuonài (first-person singular past historic)
tuonàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)

rimbombare

隆隆作響，轟鳴 [助動詞 avere]

rumoreggiare

隆隆作響，轟鳴 [助動詞 avere]

risuonare

隆隆作響，轟鳴 [助動詞 avere]

rintronare

隆隆作響，轟鳴 [助動詞 avere]

echeggiare

隆隆作響，轟鳴 [助動詞 avere]

urlare

大聲說話、叫喊 [助動詞 avere]

strillare

大聲說話、叫喊 [助動詞 avere]

si sente tuonare in lontanza

隆隆作響，轟鳴 [助動詞 avere]

il cannone tuona

咆哮；大聲迴響 [助動詞 avere]

ho udito la sua voce tuonare nel corridoio

我听到他的声音在走廊里咆哮

大聲說話、叫喊 [助動詞 avere]

tuonava invettive

Davido tuonava contro lo chef


strillare

strìllo (first-person singular present)
strillài (first-person singular past historic)
strillàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

urlare

大喊大叫，尖叫 [助動詞 avere]

risentirsi

大發牢騷，公開抗議 [助動詞 avere]

protestare

大發牢騷，公開抗議 [助動詞 avere]

大喊大叫，尖叫 [助動詞 avere]

大發牢騷，公開抗議 [助動詞 avere]


rintronare

rintròno (first-person singular present)
rintronài (first-person singular past historic)
rintronàto (past participle)
avére (transitive)
èssere


rimbombare

rimbómbo (first-person singular present)
rimbombài (first-person singular past historic)
rimbombàto (past participle)
avére (intransitive)
èssere


protestare

源自拉丁語 prōtestārī。

protèsto (first-person singular present)
protestài (first-person singular past historic)
protestàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


risuonare

繼承自拉丁語 resonāre。

risuòno (first-person singular present)
risuonài (first-person singular past historic)
risuonàto (past participle)
avére (intransitive)
èssere


clamare

借自拉丁語 clāmāre。繼承詞 chiamare 的同源對似詞。

clàmo (first-person singular present)
clamài (first-person singular past historic)
clamàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


deambulare

deàmbulo (first-person singular present)
deambulài (first-person singular past historic)
deambulàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


assembrare

assémbro (first-person singular present)
assembrài (first-person singular past historic)
assembràto (past participle)
avére
èssere


assembrare

繼承自拉丁語 assimilāre (“使相似”)。

assémbro (first-person singular present)
assembrài (first-person singular past historic)
assembràto (past participle)
èssere
avére


cuocere

繼承自晚期拉丁語 cocere，繼承自拉丁語 coquere。

cuòcio (first-person singular present)
còssi (first-person singular past historic)
còtto (past participle)
cuocévo
cocévo
cuocerò
cocerò
cuocéssi
cocéssi
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)

烹飪，烘焙 [助動詞 essere]


musicare

mùsico (first-person singular present)
musicài (first-person singular past historic)
musicàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)


cagliare

繼承自通俗拉丁語 *coāglāre、*quāglāre，源自拉丁語 coāgulāre 的中略形式。對照法語 cailler、葡萄牙語 coalhar、西班牙語 cuajar、西西里語 cuagghiari、撒丁語 cazare 或 cracare。參見借詞 coagulare。

càglio (first-person singular present)
cagliài (first-person singular past historic)
cagliàto (past participle)
èssere
avére


importare

impòrto (first-person singular present)
importài (first-person singular past historic)
importàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


amaricare

繼承自晚期拉丁語 amāricāre，基於拉丁語 amārus (“酸的，苦的”)。

amàrico (first-person singular present)
amaricài (first-person singular past historic)
amaricàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


mutare

繼承自拉丁語 mūtāre。

mùto (first-person singular present)
mutài (first-person singular past historic)
mutàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


ammutolire

ammutolìsco (first-person singular present)
ammutolìi (first-person singular past historic)
ammutolìto (past participle)
èssere
avére


zittire

zittìsco (first-person singular present)
zittìi (first-person singular past historic)
zittìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

安靜下來 [助動詞 avere]

發出噓聲 (讓某人安靜) [助動詞 avere]


marcire

繼承自晚期拉丁語 marcīre，繼承自拉丁語 marcēre。

marcìsco (first-person singular present)
marcìi (first-person singular past historic)
marcìto (past participle)
èssere
avére

腐爛；潰爛 [助動詞 essere]


complottare

complòtto (first-person singular present)
complottài (first-person singular past historic)
complottàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

密謀，策劃 [助動詞 avere]


panificare

panìfico (first-person singular present)
panificài (first-person singular past historic)
panificàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


ascendere

ascéndo (first-person singular present)
ascèndo (first-person singular present)
ascési (first-person singular past historic)
ascéso (past participle)
èssere
avére

discendere

上升，升高 [助動詞 essere]

上升，升高 [助動詞 essere]

達到，總計 [助動詞 essere]


evangelizzare

借自晚期拉丁語 evangelizāre，源自古希臘語 εὐαγγελίζω (euangelízō)。

evangelìzzo (first-person singular present)
evangelizzài (first-person singular past historic)
evangelizzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

傳福音，宣講福音 [助動詞 avere]


beneficiare

benefìcio (first-person singular present)
beneficiài (first-person singular past historic)
beneficiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


disputare

dìsputo (first-person singular present)
disputài (first-person singular past historic)
disputàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

dibattere

爭論，爭辯 [助動詞 avere]

discutere

爭論，爭辯 [助動詞 avere]

爭論，爭辯 [助動詞 avere]


ambire

借自拉丁語 ambīre。

aspirare

渴望，嚮往 [接 a ‘某事物’] 或 [接 di (+ 不定式) ‘做某事’] [助動詞 avere]

ambiente 只用作形容詞和名詞，不作現在分詞。

ambire al potere

ambiva di frequentarsi con lei


ambiare

繼承自通俗拉丁語 *amblāre，拉丁語 ambulāre 的詞中音消失形式。

àmbio (first-person singular present)
ambiài (first-person singular past historic)
ambiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

(古舊，馬術，不及物，指馬) 慢步


anelare

借自拉丁語 anhēlāre (“劇烈地呼吸，喘氣；渴望”)。繼承詞 alenare 的同源對似詞。

anèlo (first-person singular present)
anelài (first-person singular past historic)
anelàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

ambire

渴望 [接 a ‘某事物’] [助動詞 avere]

desiderare

渴望 [接 a ‘某事物’] [助動詞 avere]

aspirare

渴望 [接 a ‘某事物’] [助動詞 avere]

bramare

渴望 [接 a ‘某事物’] [助動詞 avere]

ansimare

大口喘氣 [助動詞 avere]

boccheggiare

大口喘氣 [助動詞 avere]

espirare affannosamente

大口喘氣 [助動詞 avere]

渴望 [接 a ‘某事物’] [助動詞 avere]

大口喘氣 [助動詞 avere]


espirare

源自拉丁語 exspīrāre，可能是借詞。

espìro (first-person singular present)
espirài (first-person singular past historic)
espiràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


ansimare

ànsimo (first-person singular present)
ansimài (first-person singular past historic)
ansimàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

冒出蒸汽或煙 [助動詞 avere]


smaniare

smànio (first-person singular present)
smaniài (first-person singular past historic)
smaniàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

焦躁不安，坐立不安 [助動詞 avere]

渴望，渴求，嚮往 [助動詞 avere]


lacrimare

借自拉丁語 lacrimāre (“哭泣”)。

làcrimo (first-person singular present)
lacrimài (first-person singular past historic)
lacrimàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

piangere

哭泣，流淚 [助動詞 avere]

哭泣，流淚 [助動詞 avere]

滴水 (如指植物) [助動詞 avere]


necessitare

necèssito (first-person singular present)
necessitài (first-person singular past historic)
necessitàto (past participle)
èssere
avére

有必要，需要 [助動詞 essere]


contrariare

借自晚期拉丁語 contrāriāre。By surface analysis, contrario (“反對的，相反的”) + -are。

contràrio (first-person singular present)
contrariài (first-person singular past historic)
contrariàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

與……相反、對立 [助動詞 avere]


contrariarsi

mi contràrio (first-person singular present)
mi contrariài (first-person singular past historic)
contrariàto (past participle)


pausare

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 pausāre (“暫停”)，派生自 pausa (“暫停”)。posare 的同源對似詞。

pàuso (first-person singular present)
pausài (first-person singular past historic)
pausàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


supplire

借自拉丁語 supplēre (“湊數；填滿”)，變位類型改變。

supplìsco (first-person singular present)
supplìi (first-person singular past historic)
supplìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

彌補 [接 a ‘為’]


rompere

招人討厭 (rompere le palle 或 rompere i coglioni 的縮略)[助動詞 avere]

Non la smetteva di rompere.

Smettila di rompermi le palle!

rompere in lacrime/singhiozzi


dirupare

源自 di- + rupe，可能對應通俗拉丁語 *derupāre，繼承自拉丁語 rupes。參見葡萄牙語和加利西亞語 derrubar。

dirùpo (first-person singular present)
dirupài (first-person singular past historic)
dirupàto (past participle)
èssere
avére

頭朝下摔倒 [助動詞 essere]


frangere

繼承自拉丁語 frangere，最终源自原始印歐語 *bʰreg-。


salificare

salìfico (first-person singular present)
salificài (first-person singular past historic)
salificàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


azzoppare

azzòppo (first-person singular present)
azzoppài (first-person singular past historic)
azzoppàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


trottare

源自中世紀拉丁語 *trottāre、*trotāre (“去，走”)，源自古法蘭克語 *trottōn (“走，跑”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *trudōną、*trudaną、*tradjaną (“走，踏”)。

tròtto (first-person singular present)
trottài (first-person singular past historic)
trottàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


rincasare

rincàso (first-person singular present)
rincasài (first-person singular past historic)
rincasàto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)


rimare

rìmo (first-person singular present)
rimài (first-person singular past historic)
rimàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


intrallazzare

intrallàzzo (first-person singular present)
intrallazzài (first-person singular past historic)
intrallazzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

陰謀，密謀 [助動詞 avere]


trombare

trómbo (first-person singular present)
trombài (first-person singular past historic)
trombàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


bocciare

bòccio (first-person singular present)
bocciài (first-person singular past historic)
bocciàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


ciulare

借自倫巴底語 ciolà。

ciùlo (first-person singular present)
ciulài (first-person singular past historic)
ciulàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


bombare

bómbo (first-person singular present)
bombài (first-person singular past historic)
bombàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

Stavano bombando sul sedile posteriore della macchina.


cavalcare

繼承自晚期拉丁語 caballicāre，源自拉丁語 caballus。對照葡萄牙語 cavalgar、西班牙語 cabalgar、加利西亞語 cabalgar。

cavàlco (first-person singular present)
cavalcài (first-person singular past historic)
cavalcàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

lo sicondo hebbe nome Dardano, lo quale fue il primo cavaliere del mondo, e che in prima cavalcò cavallo

第二个名叫达耳达诺斯，他是世界上第一个骑手，也是有史以来第一个骑马的人

13世紀，Ricordano Malespini，“Come Athalan hebbe tre figliuoli, e di Italia per cui fu nominata”, in Historia antica，出版於 1568，頁 2:


anemizzare

anemìzzo (first-person singular present)
anemizzài (first-person singular past historic)
anemizzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


sovrasterzare

sovrastèrzo (first-person singular present)
sovrasterzài (first-person singular past historic)
sovrasterzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


attagliarsi

mi attàglio (first-person singular present)
mi attagliài (first-person singular past historic)
attagliàto (past participle)


carreggiare

源自 carro + -eggiare。對照那不勒斯語 carriare、西西里語 carriari、法語 charrier、charroyer、奧克語 carrejar、西班牙語 acarrear 以及羅馬尼亞語 căra。

carréggio (first-person singular present)
carreggiài (first-person singular past historic)
carreggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


assetare

asséto (first-person singular present)
assetài (first-person singular past historic)
assetàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


imbaldanzire

imbaldanzìsco (first-person singular present)
imbaldanzìi (first-person singular past historic)
imbaldanzìto (past participle)
avére
èssere

變得有勇氣，獲得信心 [助動詞 essere]


sitire

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 sitīre (“口渴”)，派生自 sitis (“口渴，渴意”)。

sitìsco (first-person singular present)
sitìi (first-person singular past historic)
sitìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


spumare

源自拉丁語 spūmāre。

spùmo (first-person singular present)
spumài (first-person singular past historic)
spumàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

起泡 (指啤酒、香檳、蘇打水等) [助動詞 avere]

非常憤怒 [助動詞 avere]


abbadare

abbàdo (first-person singular present)
abbadài (first-person singular past historic)
abbadàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


dialogare

diàlogo (first-person singular present)
dialogài (first-person singular past historic)
dialogàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


discrepare

dìscrepo (first-person singular present)
discrepài (first-person singular past historic)
discrepàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


incombere

源自拉丁語 incumbō。

incómbo (first-person singular present)
incombétti (first-person singular past historic)
incombètti (first-person singular past historic)


monologare

monòlogo (first-person singular present)
monologài (first-person singular past historic)
monologàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

(不及物，不常見) 獨白 [助動詞 avere]


monottongare

monottòngo (first-person singular present)
monottongài (first-person singular past historic)
monottongàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

dittongare

單元音化，使……變成單元音

dittongare

單元音化；成為單元音 [助動詞 avere]

單元音化；成為單元音 [助動詞 avere]


dittongare

dittòngo (first-person singular present)
dittongài (first-person singular past historic)
dittongàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

monottongare

雙元音化，使……變成雙元音

monottongare

雙元音化；成為雙元音 [助動詞 avere]

雙元音化；成為雙元音 [助動詞 avere]


aberrare

源自拉丁語 aberrāre。

abèrro (first-person singular present)
aberrài (first-person singular past historic)
aberràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


boxare

bòxo (first-person singular present)
boxài (first-person singular past historic)
boxàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


saponificare

saponìfico (first-person singular present)
saponificài (first-person singular past historic)
saponificàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


preludiare

prelùdio (first-person singular present)
preludiài (first-person singular past historic)
preludiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

演奏前奏曲，演奏序曲 [接 su; or 接 樂器 ‘使用某種樂器’] [助動詞 avere]

作為前奏曲，作為序曲 [接 a] [助動詞 avere]

預示，預言，成為……的序幕，作為……的前奏 [接 a] [助動詞 avere]


salivare

源自拉丁語 salīvāre (“流口水”)，源自 salīva (“唾液，口水”)。

salìvo (first-person singular present)
salivài (first-person singular past historic)
salivàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


calcificare

calcìfico (first-person singular present)
calcificài (first-person singular past historic)
calcificàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


transigere

源自拉丁語 trānsigō。

transìgo (first-person singular present)
transigétti
transigètti
transàtto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

解決，達成和解 [助動詞 avere]

妥協，讓步 [助動詞 avere]


trasudare

trasùdo (first-person singular present)
trasudài (first-person singular past historic)
trasudàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


decalcificare

decalcìfico (first-person singular present)
decalcificài (first-person singular past historic)
decalcificàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


acetificare

acetìfico (first-person singular present)
acetificài (first-person singular past historic)
acetificàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


altercare

借自拉丁語 altercārī。

altèrco (first-person singular present)
altercài (first-person singular past historic)
altercàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


fruttificare

fruttìfico (first-person singular present)
fruttificài (first-person singular past historic)
fruttificàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


commerciare

commèrcio (first-person singular present)
commerciài (first-person singular past historic)
commerciàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


prestigiare

prestìgio (first-person singular present)
prestigiài (first-person singular past historic)
prestigiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

(古舊，及物和不及物) 用幻想來欺騙


deflagrare

借自拉丁語 dēflagrāre。

deflàgro (first-person singular present)
deflagrài (first-person singular past historic)
deflagràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


scomodare

scòmodo (first-person singular present)
scomodài (first-person singular past historic)
scomodàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

不便 [接 a ‘在……上’] (尤指經濟狀況上) [助動詞 avere]


acidificare

acidìfico (first-person singular present)
acidificài (first-person singular past historic)
acidificàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


ibernare

ibèrno (first-person singular present)
ibernài (first-person singular past historic)
ibernàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

congelare

凍結，暫停（調查、改革計劃等）


idolatrare

idolàtro (first-person singular present)
idolatrài (first-person singular past historic)
idolatràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

崇拜偶像，實行偶像崇拜 [助動詞 avere]


memorare

源自拉丁語 memorāre。

mèmoro (first-person singular present)
memorài (first-person singular past historic)
memoràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


fruire

fruìsco (first-person singular present)
fruìi (first-person singular past historic)
fruìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


schifare

源自 schifo (“厭惡，噁心”) + -are，源自古法語 eschiver (“害怕、回避、避免”)。

schìfo (first-person singular present)
schifài (first-person singular past historic)
schifàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


pisolare

源自古舊形容詞 pesolo (“懸掛的，懸垂的”)，源自拉丁語 pēnsilis。

pìsolo (first-person singular present)
pisolài (first-person singular past historic)
pisolàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


dormicchiare

源自 dorm(ire) (“睡覺”) + -icchiare (反復-指小後綴)。

dormìcchio (first-person singular present)
dormicchiài (first-person singular past historic)
dormicchiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


sonnecchiare

繼承自通俗拉丁語 *somniculāre，派生自 somniculus，拉丁語 somnus 的指小詞。對照拉丁語 somniculōsus、法語 sommeiller。

sonnécchio (first-person singular present)
sonnecchiài (first-person singular past historic)
sonnecchiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


dribblare

drìbblo (first-person singular present)
dribblài (first-person singular past historic)
dribblàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


abissare

abìsso (first-person singular present)
abissài (first-person singular past historic)
abissàto (past participle)
èssere
avére

inabissarsi

(不及物，古舊或書面) 沉入深淵 [助動詞 essere]

infuriarsi

(不及物，古舊或書面，比喻義) 狂暴；暴怒 [助動詞 essere]

imperversare

(不及物，古舊或書面，比喻義) 狂暴；暴怒 [助動詞 essere]

tempestare

(不及物，古舊或書面，比喻義) 狂暴；暴怒 [助動詞 essere]

(不及物，古舊或書面) 沉入深淵 [助動詞 essere]

(不及物，古舊或書面，比喻義) 狂暴；暴怒 [助動詞 essere]


infuriarsi

mi infùrio (first-person singular present)
mi infuriài (first-person singular past historic)
infuriàto (past participle)


subissare

源自 abissare，被錯誤地解釋為包含前綴 ab-，後被替換為 sub-。

subìsso (first-person singular present)
subissài (first-person singular past historic)
subissàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

沉沒；崩落；被毀滅 [助動詞 essere]


aleggiare

aléggio (first-person singular present)
aleggiài (first-person singular past historic)
aleggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


stagionare

stagióno (first-person singular present)
stagionài (first-person singular past historic)
stagionàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

（肉、葡萄酒、奶酪等）发酵或腌制成熟 [助動詞 essere]

（木材等）風乾完成 [助動詞 essere]


cliccare

clìcco (first-person singular present)
cliccài (first-person singular past historic)
cliccàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


erompere

借自拉丁語 ērumpere。

erómpo (first-person singular present)
erùppi (first-person singular past historic)

噴湧；爆發 [接 da ‘從’]


aggettare

aggètto (first-person singular present)
aggettài (first-person singular past historic)
aggettàto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)

la bozza sul muro aggetta


atteggiarsi

mi attéggio (first-person singular present)
mi atteggiài (first-person singular past historic)
atteggiàto (past participle)

posare

擺出（……的）姿勢；表現得

comportarsi

擺出（……的）姿勢；表現得

improntarsi

擺出（……的）姿勢；表現得

fingersi

擺出（……的）姿勢；表現得

erigersi

擺出（……的）姿勢；表現得

impancarsi

擺出（……的）姿勢；表現得

comporsi

擺出（……的）姿勢；表現得

擺出（……的）姿勢；表現得

atteggiarsi a grande uomo

擺出表現了某種感覺、精神狀態的表情

il suo volto si atteggia a stupore


aggettivare

源自 aggettivo (“形容詞”) + -are (第一類變位動詞後綴)。

aggettìvo (first-person singular present)
aggettivài (first-person singular past historic)
aggettivàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

使用形容詞 (如在寫作中) [助動詞 avere]


dissentire

dissènto (first-person singular present)
dissentìi (first-person singular past historic)
dissentìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


avvedersi

mi avvédo (first-person singular present)
mi avvìdi (first-person singular past historic)
avvìsto (past participle)
avvedùto (past participle)
mi avvedrò


avventare

avvènto (first-person singular present)
avventài (first-person singular past historic)
avventàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

浮華；顯眼；給人留下深刻印象


avvisare

avvìso (first-person singular present)
avvisài (first-person singular past historic)
avvisàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

認為，有……的意見 [助動詞 avere]


divariare

divàrio (first-person singular present)
divariài (first-person singular past historic)
divariàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


avariarsi

mi avàrio (first-person singular present)
mi avariài (first-person singular past historic)
avariàto (past participle)


avariare

avàrio (first-person singular present)
avariài (first-person singular past historic)
avariàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

一般只見其不定式用法，跟在 fare 的後面，如：il gelo ha fatto avariare la frutta ― 寒潮毀了水果

被毀壞，被破壞 [助動詞 avere]


iridare

ìrido (first-person singular present)
iridài (first-person singular past historic)
iridàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

變得五彩斑斕 [助動詞 essere]


ridare

ridò
ridièdi (first-person singular past historic)
ridiédi (first-person singular past historic)
ridétti (first-person singular past historic)
ridètti (first-person singular past historic)
ridàto (past participle)
ridarò
ridìa
ridéssi
ridài
ridà'
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)

重新出現 (尤指不好的事情) [助動詞 avere或essere]


ridire

ridìco (first-person singular present)
ridìssi (first-person singular past historic)
ridétto (past participle)
ridicévo
ridì'
ridì
avére (auxiliary)

抱怨，挑毛病 [助動詞 avere]


degenerare

源自拉丁語 dēgenerāre。

degènero (first-person singular present)
degenerài (first-person singular past historic)
degeneràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

退化；恶化 [接 in ‘成……’]


sonare

suòno (first-person singular present)
sonài (first-person singular past historic)
sonàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


riusare

riùso (first-person singular present)
riusài (first-person singular past historic)
riusàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


osannare

osànno (first-person singular present)
osannài (first-person singular past historic)
osannàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

唱出或喊出和散那 [助動詞 avere]


annasare

源自a- (“朝，向”) + naso (“鼻子”) + -are (第一類變位動詞後綴)。

annàso (first-person singular present)
annasài (first-person singular past historic)
annasàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


garbare

gàrbo (first-person singular present)
garbài (first-person singular past historic)
garbàto (past participle)
èssere
avére

piacere

喜歡；認為……適合 [助動詞 essere或(罕用) avere]

andare

喜歡；認為……適合 [助動詞 essere或(罕用) avere]

andare a genio

喜歡；認為……適合 [助動詞 essere或(罕用) avere]

喜歡；認為……適合 [助動詞 essere或(罕用) avere]

Non mi garba che tu esca da sola a quest'ora.

我不喜欢你这个时候单独出去


assonnare

assónno (first-person singular present)
assònno (first-person singular present)
assonnài (first-person singular past historic)
assonnàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

休息；保持不活躍的狀態 [助動詞 essere]


ricettare

ricètto (first-person singular present)
ricettài (first-person singular past historic)
ricettàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

prescrivere

開具處方 [助動詞 avere]

開具處方 [助動詞 avere]


corteare

cortèo (first-person singular present)
corteài (first-person singular past historic)
corteàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


carteggiare

cartéggio (first-person singular present)
carteggiài (first-person singular past historic)
carteggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

繪製航線 [助動詞 avere]

和某人保持通信 [助動詞 avere]


corseggiare

corséggio (first-person singular present)
corseggiài (first-person singular past historic)
corseggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

從事私掠活動 [助動詞 avere]


cucciare

借自法語 coucher (“放下；讓……上床睡覺”)，源自中古法語 coucher，源自古法語 couchier，源自拉丁語 collocāre (“放置，安排”)。

cùccio (first-person singular present)
cucciài (first-person singular past historic)
cucciàto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)


trasecolare

trasècolo (first-person singular present)
trasecolài (first-person singular past historic)
trasecolàto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)
avére (auxiliary)


scolorare

scolóro (first-person singular present)
scolorài (first-person singular past historic)
scoloràto (past participle)
avére
èssere


impaurire

源自 im- + paura + -ire，或源自拉丁語 paurire < pavor，帶前綴 im-。參見 spaurire。

impaurìsco (first-person singular present)
impaurìi (first-person singular past historic)
impaurìto (past participle)
avére
èssere


invalere

源自拉丁語 invalēre。

invàle
invàlse
invàlso (past participle)
invarrà
èssere (auxiliary)


indigere

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 indigēre。

無先過去時，無過去分詞，無未完成時，無未來時，無現在時虛擬式，無未完成時虛擬式

(不及物，古舊) 有需要，有需求


vivacchiare

vivàcchio (first-person singular present)
vivacchiài (first-person singular past historic)
vivacchiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

勉強度日，勉強維持生計 [助動詞 avere]


spiumare

spiùmo (first-person singular present)
spiumài (first-person singular past historic)
spiumàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

（枕頭）失去羽毛 [助動詞 avere]


sputacchiare

源自 sputare (“吐口水”) + -acchiare (動詞派生後綴)。

sputàcchio (first-person singular present)
sputacchiài (first-person singular past historic)
sputacchiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

經常或連續吐口水 (如抽雪茄時) [助動詞 avere]


stiracchiare

stiràcchio (first-person singular present)
stiracchiài (first-person singular past historic)
stiracchiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

節約，儲蓄 [助動詞 avere]

論價，討價還價 [助動詞 avere]


fugare

源自拉丁語 fugāre。

fùgo (first-person singular present)
fugài (first-person singular past historic)
fugàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

創作賦格曲 [助動詞 avere]


alchimizzare

alchimìzzo (first-person singular present)
alchimizzài (first-person singular past historic)
alchimizzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


alcolizzare

alcolìzzo (first-person singular present)
alcolizzài (first-person singular past historic)
alcolizzàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


alcoolizzare

alcoolìzzo (first-person singular present)
alcoolizzài (first-person singular past historic)
alcoolizzàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


acutizzarsi

mi acutìzzo (first-person singular present)
mi acutizzài (first-person singular past historic)
acutizzàto (past participle)


apologizzare

apologìzzo (first-person singular present)
apologizzài (first-person singular past historic)
apologizzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


arcaicizzare

arcaicìzzo (first-person singular present)
arcaicizzài (first-person singular past historic)
arcaicizzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


arcaizzare

arcaìzzo (first-person singular present)
arcaizzài (first-person singular past historic)
arcaizzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


apostatare

源自教會拉丁語 apostatāre (“放棄自己的宗教信仰，背教”)，源自古希臘語 ἀποστατέω (apostatéō，“遠離，疏遠（上帝）”)。

apòstato (first-person singular present)
apostatài (first-person singular past historic)
apostatàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

背棄信仰，叛教 [接 da; or 接 屈折： ‘遠離（某人的信仰）’] [助動詞 avere]


lentare

lènto (first-person singular present)
lentài (first-person singular past historic)
lentàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

減弱，減緩 [助動詞 avere]


lievitare

源自 lievito + -are。對照西班牙語 leudar、葡萄牙語 levedar。

lièvito (first-person singular present)
liévito (first-person singular present)
lievitài (first-person singular past historic)
lievitàto (past participle)
èssere
avére

膨脹，體積增大 [助動詞 essere]


rimediare

rimèdio (first-person singular present)
rimediài (first-person singular past historic)
rimediàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


economizzare

economìzzo (first-person singular present)
economizzài (first-person singular past historic)
economizzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

節儉，省錢 [接 su ‘在……上’] [助動詞 avere]


erborare

èrboro (first-person singular present)
erborài (first-person singular past historic)
erboràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


erborizzare

erborìzzo (first-person singular present)
erborizzài (first-person singular past historic)
erborizzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


strologare

stròlogo (first-person singular present)
strologài (first-person singular past historic)
strologàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

絞盡腦汁 [助動詞 avere]


vezzeggiare

vezzéggio (first-person singular present)
vezzeggiài (first-person singular past historic)
vezzeggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

拐彎抹角，含糊而做作地說話 [助動詞 avere]


allenarsi

源自 allenare (“減少，減弱”) + -si (後附反身代詞)。

mi allèno (first-person singular present)
mi allenài (first-person singular past historic)
allenàto (past participle)

Poi, se la fulgida ira s’alléni, ¶ Vola a i dolcissimi colli tirreni

然后，如果这耀眼的怒火减弱，它就会飞向甜美的第勒尼安山

1850，Giosuè Carducci，Juvenilia，Nicola Zanichelli, 出版於 1906，頁 9:


teletrasportarsi

mi teletraspòrto (first-person singular present)
mi teletrasportài (first-person singular past historic)
teletrasportàto (past participle)

(不及物，科幻) 瞬間移動，傳送


abbandonarsi

源自 abbandonare (“放棄；拋棄，遺棄”) + -si (“自己”)。

mi abbandóno (first-person singular present)
mi abbandonài (first-person singular past historic)
abbandonàto (past participle)


abbellirsi

mi abbellìsco (first-person singular present)
mi abbellìi (first-person singular past historic)
abbellìto (past participle)


imbruttire

imbruttìsco (first-person singular present)
imbruttìi (first-person singular past historic)
imbruttìto (past participle)
avére
èssere


aborrire

借自拉丁語 abhorrēre，源自 ab- (“遠離”) + horreō (“顫抖；恐懼”)。

aborrìsco (first-person singular present)
abòrro (first-person singular present)
aborrìi (first-person singular past historic)
aborrìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

aborrire dalla vista del sangue


campeggiare

campéggio (first-person singular present)
campeggiài (first-person singular past historic)
campeggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

顯得突出 [助動詞 avere]


frequentare

frequènto (first-person singular present)
frequentài (first-person singular past historic)
frequentàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


bazzicare

bàzzico (first-person singular present)
bazzicài (first-person singular past historic)
bazzicàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

一起出去玩 [接 con ‘和 (某人)’] [助動詞 avere]


folgorare

繼承自拉丁語 fulgurāre (“閃光，發光”)。By surface analysis, folgore (“閃電，雷電”) + -are (第一類變位動詞後綴)。

fólgoro (first-person singular present)
folgorài (first-person singular past historic)
folgoràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

抨擊，痛罵 [助動詞 avere]

閃耀，閃光 [助動詞 avere]

迅速行動 [助動詞 avere]


fumigare

繼承自拉丁語 fūmigāre。

fùmigo (first-person singular present)
fumigài (first-person singular past historic)
fumigàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


irraggiare

源自 ir- + raggio (“射线；光束”) + -are，源自拉丁語 radius，源頭不確定。By surface analysis, ir- + raggio + -are (第一類變位動詞後綴)。

irràggio (first-person singular present)
irraggiài (first-person singular past historic)
irraggiàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

irradiare

傳播，擴散（思想、消息等）


sodare

源自 sodo (“堅固的”) + -are (第一類變位動詞後綴)。

sòdo (first-person singular present)
sodài (first-person singular past historic)
sodàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

follare

（通过浸泡、捶打和压制）使布料更加緊實緻密

提供保證 [接 di (+ 不定式) ‘為（做某事）’] [助動詞 avere]


satisfare

借自拉丁語 satisfacere。繼承詞 soddisfare 的同源對似詞。

satisfàccio (first-person singular present)
satisféci (first-person singular past historic)
satisfàtto (past participle)
satisfacévo
satisfài
satisfà'
avére (auxiliary)

(及物、不及物，棄用) soddisfare的另一種寫法

«Se l'altre volte sì poco ti costa», ¶ rispuoser tutti, «il satisfare altrui, ¶ felice te se sì parli a tua posta![…]»

他们大家回答道：“假使别的时候¶你毫不费力就能给⼈满意的答复，¶你这样要说什么就说什么是多幸福啊！”

1300s–1310s，Dante Alighieri，“Canto XVI”, in Inferno [Hell]，行s 79–81; republished as La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]，第2ⁿᵈ revised版, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:


soffriggere

soffrìggo (first-person singular present)
soffrìssi (first-person singular past historic)
soffrìtto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

rodersi

煩躁，惱怒 [助動詞 avere]

用文火煎、炸 [助動詞 avere]

煩躁，惱怒 [助動詞 avere]


sofisticare

sofìstico (first-person singular present)
sofisticài (first-person singular past historic)
sofisticàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

以詭辯來爭論 [助動詞 avere]


ghignare

借自法語 guigner，源自古法蘭克語 *wingjan，源自原始日耳曼語 *winkaną。

ghìgno (first-person singular present)
ghignài (first-person singular past historic)
ghignàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

嘲笑，嗤笑 [助動詞 avere]


congratulare

借自拉丁語 congrātulārī。

congràtulo (first-person singular present)
congratulài (first-person singular past historic)
congratulàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


scarpinare

繼承自晚期拉丁語 scarpināre (“刮擦，摩擦”)。

scarpìno (first-person singular present)
scarpinài (first-person singular past historic)
scarpinàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


soggiornare

繼承自通俗拉丁語 *subdiurnāre，源自拉丁語 sub- (“下；有點，稍微”) + 晚期拉丁語 diurnus (“一日的”)。與英語 sojourn 同源。

soggiórno (first-person singular present)
soggiornài (first-person singular past historic)
soggiornàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

逗留，居留，停留 [助動詞 avere]


abbacinarsi

mi abbàcino (first-person singular present)
mi abbacìno (first-person singular present)
mi abbacinài (first-person singular past historic)
abbacinàto (past participle)


sognare

繼承自拉丁語 somniāre (“做夢；做白日夢”)。By surface analysis, sogn(o) (“夢”) + -are (第一類變位動詞後綴)。

sógno (first-person singular present)
sognài (first-person singular past historic)
sognàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

做夢；夢見 [助動詞 avere]


zufolare

繼承自通俗拉丁語 *sūfilāre，繼承自拉丁語 sībilāre，與 sibilare和sobillare 同源。同源詞還包括科西嘉語 zifulà、威尼斯語 sifołar、羅曼什語 tschüvler、tschivlar、諾曼語 sûfflier、瓦隆語 xhufler（古法語 sufler）。

zùfolo (first-person singular present)
zufolài (first-person singular past historic)
zufolàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


sopirsi

mi sopìsco (first-person singular present)
mi sopìi (first-person singular past historic)
sopìto (past participle)


sobbollire

繼承自晚期拉丁語 subbullīre (“微微煮沸”)，派生自古典拉丁語 bulliō (“煮”)。

sobbóllo (first-person singular present)
sobbollìi (first-person singular past historic)
sobbollìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

慢慢煮沸 [助動詞 avere]


soccorrere

soccórro (first-person singular present)
soccórsi (first-person singular past historic)
soccórso (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)

提供援助 [接 a ‘為……’] [助動詞 avere]

回想，回憶 [助動詞 essere]


dimagrire

dimagrìsco (first-person singular present)
dimagrìi (first-person singular past historic)
dimagrìto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)

perdere peso

變瘦，變苗條，減肥 [助動詞 essere]

ingrassare

變瘦，變苗條，減肥 [助動詞 essere]

變瘦，變苗條，減肥 [助動詞 essere]


dimagrare

dimàgro (first-person singular present)
dimagrài (first-person singular past historic)
dimagràto (past participle)
avére
èssere

變瘦，消瘦 [助動詞 essere]

變貧乏，減少 [助動詞 essere]

水位下降 (一般指溪流、河流等) [助動詞 essere]


disperare

繼承自拉丁語 dēsperāre。

dispèro (first-person singular present)
disperài (first-person singular past historic)
disperàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

confidare

不再對……抱有希望；對……絕望

不再對……抱有希望；對……絕望

i medici disperavano di salvarlo

救援人员失去了挽救他的希望

non disperate, andrà tutto bene

不要失去希望，一切都会好起来的


sopraggiungere

sopraggiùngo (first-person singular present)
sopraggiùnsi (first-person singular past historic)
sopraggiùnto (past participle)
èssere
avére

突然到來，趕到 [助動詞 essere]

意外發生，出乎意料 [助動詞 essere]


giungere

繼承自拉丁語 iungere (“連接”)，繼承自原始意大利語 *jungō，繼承自原始印歐語 *yunégti ~ *yungénti，源自詞根 *yewg-。

giùngo (first-person singular present)
giùnsi (first-person singular past historic)
giùnto (past participle)
èssere
avére

arrivare

到達，抵達 [助動詞 essere]

pervenire

到達，抵達 [助動詞 essere]

congiungere

連接，接合 [助動詞 avere]

unire

連接，接合 [助動詞 avere]

到達，抵達 [助動詞 essere]


rigiungere

rigiùngo (first-person singular present)
rigiùnsi (first-person singular past historic)
rigiùnto (past participle)
èssere
avére

再次到達，再來 [助動詞 essere]


soprantendere

soprantèndo (first-person singular present)
soprantési (first-person singular past historic)
soprantéso (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

(不及物，棄用) soprintendere的另一種寫法 [助動詞 avere]


sopraspendere

sopraspèndo (first-person singular present)
sopraspési (first-person singular past historic)
sopraspéso (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

(及物或不及物，古舊) 花費得比計劃要多 [助動詞 avere]


derogare

源自拉丁語 dērogāre。

dèrogo (first-person singular present)
derogài (first-person singular past historic)
derogàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

違背；違反； 部分廢除 [接 a] [助動詞 avere]


sopravanzare

sopravànzo (first-person singular present)
sopravanzài (first-person singular past historic)
sopravanzàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

餘下、剩下 [助動詞 essere]


sopravvenire

sopravvèngo (first-person singular present)
sopravvénni (first-person singular past historic)
sopravvènni (first-person singular past historic)
sopravvenùto (past participle)
sopravverrò
èssere
avére


arridere

源自拉丁語 arrīdēre。

arrìdo (first-person singular present)
arrìsi (first-person singular past historic)
arrìso (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

微笑 [接 a ‘對著某人’] [助動詞 avere]

帶來愉快 [接 a ‘為某人’] [助動詞 avere]


vegliare

借自古奧克語 velhar（參見古法語 veiller），繼承自拉丁語 vigilāre。代替了本土的 vegghiare，該詞直接繼承自拉丁語。亦是 vigilare 的同源對似詞。

véglio (first-person singular present)
vegliài (first-person singular past historic)
vegliàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

守夜，值夜 [助動詞 avere]


sorvolare

源自 sor- + volare (“飛”)。首次記錄於14世紀。對照法語 survoler。

sorvólo (first-person singular present)
sorvolài (first-person singular past historic)
sorvolàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

不細想，略過 [接 su ‘不重要或令人不適的話題’] [助動詞 avere]

放手，任由 [助動詞 avere]


insospettire

源自 in- + sospetto (“懷疑”) + -ire (第三類變位動詞後綴)。

insospettìsco (first-person singular present)
insospettìi (first-person singular past historic)
insospettìto (past participle)
avére
èssere


sottentrare

sotténtro (first-person singular present)
sottentrài (first-person singular past historic)
sottentràto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)


sottilizzare

sottilìzzo (first-person singular present)
sottilizzài (first-person singular past historic)
sottilizzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


sottosterzare

sottostèrzo (first-person singular present)
sottosterzài (first-person singular past historic)
sottosterzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


soverchiare

源自 soverchio (“過分的，過度的”) + -are (動詞後綴)。對照西西里語 supirchiari。

sovèrchio (first-person singular present)
soverchiài (first-person singular past historic)
soverchiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

superare

超過，越過，漫過（如牆）

sormontare

超過，越過，漫過（如牆）

oltrepassare

超過，越過，漫過（如牆）

向外突出 [助動詞 avere]

過剩，有餘 [助動詞 avere]


sovrabbondare

sovrabbóndo (first-person singular present)
sovrabbondài (first-person singular past historic)
sovrabbondàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)


sovraintendere

sovraintèndo (first-person singular present)
sovraintési (first-person singular past historic)
sovraintéso (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

(不及物，古舊) soprintendere的另一種寫法 [助動詞 avere]


sovvenire

源自拉丁語 subvenīre (“想到，想起”)。

sovvèngo (first-person singular present)
sovvénni (first-person singular past historic)
sovvènni (first-person singular past historic)
sovvenùto (past participle)
sovverrò
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)

幫助，協助 [接 a ‘某人的需要’] [助動詞 avere]

提供幫助 [接 a ‘為某人’] [助動詞 avere]

想到，想起 [助動詞 essere]


risovvenire

risovvèngo (first-person singular present)
risovvénni (first-person singular past historic)
risovvènni (first-person singular past historic)
risovvenùto (past participle)
risovverrò
avére
èssere


spazientire

spazientìsco (first-person singular present)
spazientìi (first-person singular past historic)
spazientìto (past participle)
èssere
avére


vaporare

源自拉丁語 vapōrāre。

vapóro (first-person singular present)
vaporài (first-person singular past historic)
vaporàto (past participle)
èssere
avére


principiare

princìpio (first-person singular present)
principiài (first-person singular past historic)
principiàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

Principiò a fare mille sgambetti

1883，Carlo Collodi，Le avventure di Pinocchio. Storia di un burattino [The Adventures of Pinocchio. Story of a Puppet]:


effluire

借自拉丁語 effluere，變位發生改變。

effluìsco (first-person singular present)
effluìi (first-person singular past historic)
effluìto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)

流出，湧出 [助動詞 essere]


effondere

effóndo (first-person singular present)
effùsi (first-person singular past historic)
effùso (past participle)
avére
èssere

il sangue effonde dalla ferita


abbozzolarsi

mi abbòzzolo (first-person singular present)
mi abbozzolài (first-person singular past historic)
abbozzolàto (past participle)


abbozzare

abbòzzo (first-person singular present)
abbozzài (first-person singular past historic)
abbozzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

sbozzare

粗削，粗鑿，粗製（粗略雕塑而不對表面進行細部加工）

微笑著承受 [助動詞 avere]


elemosinare

elemòsino (first-person singular present)
elemosinài (first-person singular past historic)
elemosinàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

乞討，討飯 [助動詞 avere]


ellenizzare

ellenìzzo (first-person singular present)
ellenizzài (first-person singular past historic)
ellenizzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


assorgere

assórgo (first-person singular present)
assòrgo (first-person singular present)
assórsi (first-person singular past historic)
assòrsi (first-person singular past historic)
assórto (past participle)
assòrto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)


assurgere

assùrgo (first-person singular present)
assùrsi (first-person singular past historic)
assùrto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)


gemellarsi

mi gemèllo (first-person singular present)
mi gemellài (first-person singular past historic)
gemellàto (past participle)


rabbrividire

rabbrividìsco (first-person singular present)
rabbrividìi (first-person singular past historic)
rabbrividìto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)
avére (auxiliary)


zampeggiare

zampéggio (first-person singular present)
zampeggiài (first-person singular past historic)
zampeggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


zimbellare

zimbèllo (first-person singular present)
zimbellài (first-person singular past historic)
zimbellàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

以誘餌引誘（鳥） [接 a] [助動詞 avere]


salterellare

salterèllo (first-person singular present)
salterellài (first-person singular past historic)
salterellàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


ballonzolare

ballónzolo (first-person singular present)
ballonzolài (first-person singular past historic)
ballonzolàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


rigonfiare

rigónfio (first-person singular present)
rigonfiài (first-person singular past historic)
rigonfiàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


scollinare

scollìno (first-person singular present)
scollinài (first-person singular past historic)
scollinàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)

to pass the top of a hill or other height [助動詞 avere或essere]

to fly behind a hill (of birds) [助動詞 avere或essere]


accommiatarsi

mi accommiàto (first-person singular present)
mi accommiatài (first-person singular past historic)
accommiatàto (past participle)


raccapricciare

raccaprìccio (first-person singular present)
raccapricciài (first-person singular past historic)
raccapricciàto (past participle)
èssere
avére

感到驚恐，感到厭惡 [助動詞 essere]


accapricciare

源自a- (“朝，向”) + capriccio (“反感，厭惡，恐怖”) + -are (動詞後綴)。

accaprìccio (first-person singular present)
accapricciài (first-person singular past historic)
accapricciàto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)
avére (auxiliary)

(古舊，不及物) raccapricciare (“發抖，戰慄”)的另一種寫法 [助動詞 essere或avere]

I’ vidi, e anco il cor me n’accapriccia,
uno aspettar così, com’ elli incontra
ch’una rana rimane e l’altra spiccia

我看到，现在想到这事我的心还发抖，其他的青蛙都跳走了，有一只留下来。

1300s–1310s，Dante Alighieri，“Canto XXII”, in Inferno [Hell]，行s 31–33; republished as La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]，第2ⁿᵈ revised版, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:


epicureggiare

epicuréggio (first-person singular present)
epicureggiài (first-person singular past historic)
epicureggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

像美食家一樣縱情享受美食 [助動詞 avere]


equidistare

equidìsto (first-person singular present)
equidistài (first-person singular past historic)


vacuolizzare

vacuolìzzo (first-person singular present)
vacuolizzài (first-person singular past historic)
vacuolizzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


vigoreggiare

vigoréggio (first-person singular present)
vigoreggiài (first-person singular past historic)
vigoreggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

蓬勃發展，繁榮昌盛，興旺發達


videogiocare

videogiòco (first-person singular present)
videogiocài (first-person singular past historic)
videogiocàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

玩電子遊戲 [助動詞 avere]


videochiamare

videochiàmo (first-person singular present)
videochiamài (first-person singular past historic)
videochiamàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

用視頻對話／視訊通話／視像對話打給（某人）


chattare

chàtto (first-person singular present)
chattài (first-person singular past historic)
chattàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


rilucere

源自拉丁語 relūcēre。

rilùco (first-person singular present)
rilucétti (first-person singular past historic)
rilucètti (first-person singular past historic)


starnazzare

starnàzzo (first-person singular present)
starnazzài (first-person singular past historic)
starnazzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

振翅，拍打翅膀 [助動詞 avere]


strepitare

借自拉丁語 strepitāre，strepō (“發出噪聲”)（不定式 strepere）的反復形。

strèpito (first-person singular present)
strepitài (first-person singular past historic)
strepitàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

吵嚷，叫嚷 [助動詞 avere]

轟隆作響 [助動詞 avere]


rifocillarsi

mi rifocìllo (first-person singular present)
mi rifocillài (first-person singular past historic)
rifocillàto (past participle)


circonfluire

借自拉丁語 circumfluere，變位發生改變。

circonfluìsco (first-person singular present)
circonfluìi (first-person singular past historic)
circonfluìto (past participle)
avére
èssere

在周圍流動 [助動詞 essere]


rilevare

rilèvo (first-person singular present)
rilevài (first-person singular past historic)
rilevàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


rimemorare

rimèmoro (first-person singular present)
rimemorài (first-person singular past historic)
rimemoràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


rimemorarsi

mi rimèmoro (first-person singular present)
mi rimemorài (first-person singular past historic)
rimemoràto (past participle)


agglomerarsi

mi agglòmero (first-person singular present)
mi agglomerài (first-person singular past historic)
agglomeràto (past participle)


demergere

借自拉丁語 dēmergō。

demèrgo (first-person singular present)
demèrsi (first-person singular past historic)
demèrso (past participle)
avére
èssere

潛入水中，湮沒 [助動詞 essere]


repugnare

repùgno (first-person singular present)
repugnài (first-person singular past historic)
repugnàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


abbattersi

mi abbàtto (first-person singular present)
mi abbattéi (first-person singular past historic)
abbattùto (past participle)

cadere

倒下 [接 su ‘在……上’]

avventare

倒下 [接 su ‘在……上’]

倒下 [接 su ‘在……上’]

降臨，發生 [接 su 或 contro ‘在……頭上’]


diroccare

diròcco (first-person singular present)
diroccài (first-person singular past historic)
diroccàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

倒塌，崩坍，淪為廢墟 [助動詞 essere]


velocizzarsi

mi velocìzzo (first-person singular present)
mi velocizzài (first-person singular past historic)
velocizzàto (past participle)


decelerare

decèlero (first-person singular present)
decelerài (first-person singular past historic)
deceleràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

減速，減緩 [助動詞 avere]


repellere

repèllo (first-person singular present)
repùlsi (first-person singular past historic)
repùlso (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

respingere

(及物，書面) 打退，擊退

(不及物) 令人厭惡，令人反感 [接 a ‘對某人’] [助動詞 avere]


suadere

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 suādēre。

suàdo (first-person singular present)
suàsi (first-person singular past historic)
suàso (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


lignificare

lignìfico (first-person singular present)
lignificài (first-person singular past historic)
lignificàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


plorare

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 plōrāre (“哭喊；哀歎”)。

plòro (first-person singular present)
plorài (first-person singular past historic)
ploràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

li occhi ià non cessan de plorare

13世紀，Jacopone da Todi，“L'omo fo creato vertuoso”, in Laude [讚美]，Rome, Bari: Laterza, 出版於 1980:

Sì che volendo far come coloro
che per vergogna celan lor mancanza,
di fuor mostro allegranza,
e dentro da lo core struggo e ploro.

13世紀，Dante Alighieri，“O voi che per la via d'Amore passate”, in Rime [韻文]^(https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Rime_(Dante))，Florence, 出版於 1960，行s 17–20，集錄於 Le Opere di Dante:

Tu stai negli occhi ond' amorose vespe
mi pungon sì, che infin qua il sento e ploro

你在我的眼中，爱情的黄蜂蜇了我，让我从这里就能感受到，我哭了

1374，Francesco Petrarca，“Aura che quelle chiome bionde e crespe”, in Il Canzoniere，Florence: Andrea Bettini, 出版於 1858，頁 171，行s 5–6:

Chiama, con voce stanca: e prega, e plora;
come usignuol […]

她用疲惫的声音呼唤、乞求、哭泣，像夜莺一样

1581，Torquato Tasso，“Canto duodecimo [第十二章]”, in Gerusalemme liberata [耶路撒冷的解放]，Erasmo Viotti，頁 295:

Vi sente d'un ruscello il roco pianto;
E'l sospirar de l'aura infra' le fronde;
Et di musico cigno il flebil canto;
E'l rosignuol, che plora, e gli risponde

他听见小溪潺潺的流水声，空气穿过树叶的叹息声，还有天鹅的哀歌，还有夜莺的啼鸣和回答他的歌声。

1581，Torquato Tasso，“Canto decim'ottavo [第十八章]”, in Gerusalemme liberata [耶路撒冷的解放]，Erasmo Viotti，頁 406:


alpeggiare

alpéggio (first-person singular present)
alpeggiài (first-person singular past historic)
alpeggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

夏季在高山牧場放牧 [助動詞 avere]


berciare

bèrcio (first-person singular present)
berciài (first-person singular past historic)
berciàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

叫喊，叫嚷 [助動詞 avere]

唱得不好 [助動詞 avere]


ostare

半接觸借詞，源自拉丁語 obstāre（不定式 obstāre）。

impedire

反對，阻礙，妨礙 [接 a]

ostacolare

反對，阻礙，妨礙 [接 a]

此動詞缺失先過去式和過去分詞形式。

反對，阻礙，妨礙 [接 a]


abbrancarsi

mi abbrànco (first-person singular present)
mi abbrancài (first-person singular past historic)
abbrancàto (past participle)


abbrancarsi

（動物/牲畜）聚集成一大群；成群結夥


salmodiare

salmòdio (first-person singular present)
salmodiài (first-person singular past historic)
salmodiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

唱或吟誦聖歌、讚美詩 [助動詞 avere]

用緩慢而單調的聲音吟誦 [助動詞 avere]


acclamare

借自拉丁語 acclāmāre (“鼓掌”)。

acclàmo (first-person singular present)
acclamài (first-person singular past historic)
acclamàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

鼓掌，歡呼，贊同 [接 a] [助動詞 avere]


sacramentare

sacraménto (first-person singular present)
sacramentài (first-person singular past historic)
sacramentàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


ammattire

源自 a- (方向前綴) + matto (“瘋狂的”) + -ire (動詞後綴)。

ammattìsco (first-person singular present)
ammattìi (first-person singular past historic)
ammattìto (past participle)
èssere
avére

impazzire

瘋狂，發瘋 [助動詞 essere]

瘋狂，發瘋 [助動詞 essere]

失去冷靜，不耐煩起來 [助動詞 essere或avere]


impazzire

impazzìsco (first-person singular present)
impazzìi (first-person singular past historic)
impazzìto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)

狂熱；縱情 (如嘉年華等節慶)

失控 (指工具、設備等)


scolorirsi

mi scolorìsco (first-person singular present)
mi scolorìi (first-person singular past historic)
scolorìto (past participle)


ammollare

ammòllo (first-person singular present)
ammollài (first-person singular past historic)
ammollàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


contrarre

contràggo (first-person singular present)
contràssi (first-person singular past historic)
contràtto (past participle)
contraévo
avére (auxiliary)


cozzare

可能源自通俗拉丁語 *cocia (“头，脑袋”)，源自拉丁語 cochlea (“蝸牛”)；對比 coccia。

còzzo (first-person singular present)
cozzài (first-person singular past historic)
cozzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

用角頂、擊打 [助動詞 avere]

抵觸，衝突，不協調 [助動詞 avere]


compatire

繼承自通俗拉丁語 *compatīre，繼承自拉丁語 compatī。

compatìsco (first-person singular present)
compatìi (first-person singular past historic)
compatìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

Hoepli 給出一個現在分詞 compaziente，但 Treccani 認為只是形容詞，專門用於聖母瑪利亞。

一起受苦，和……分擔痛苦 [助動詞 avere]


compiangere

compiàngo (first-person singular present)
compiànsi (first-person singular past historic)
compiànto (past participle)
avére

為……痛心、痛惜 [接 a ‘某人’] (不使用複合時態)


infiacchire

infiacchìsco (first-person singular present)
infiacchìi (first-person singular past historic)
infiacchìto (past participle)
avére
èssere

衰弱，變虛弱 [助動詞 essere]


infiacchirsi

mi infiacchìsco (first-person singular present)
mi infiacchìi (first-person singular past historic)
infiacchìto (past participle)


fiaccare

源自 fiacc(o) (“疲倦的，虛弱的”) + -are (第一類變位動詞後綴)。對照西西里語 ciaccari。

fiàcco (first-person singular present)
fiaccài (first-person singular past historic)
fiaccàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)


intorpidire

intorpidìsco (first-person singular present)
intorpidìi (first-person singular past historic)
intorpidìto (past participle)
avére
èssere

麻木，麻痺 [助動詞 essere]


dileguare

繼承自拉丁語 dēliquāre。

dilèguo (first-person singular present)
diléguo (first-person singular present)
dileguài (first-person singular past historic)
dileguàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

散開，消失，隱沒 [助動詞 essere]


sbiettare

sbiétto (first-person singular present)
sbiettài (first-person singular past historic)
sbiettàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

不平衡，會擺動 [助動詞 essere]


incalzare

繼承自通俗拉丁語 *incalciāre，派生自拉丁語 calx (“腳跟”)。

incàlzo (first-person singular present)
incalzài (first-person singular past historic)
incalzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

avanzare

迅速前進、接近 [助動詞 avere]

stringere

迅速前進、接近 [助動詞 avere]

緊迫，急迫 [助動詞 avere]

il pericolo incalza

極速奔跑 [助動詞 avere]

迅速前進、接近 [助動詞 avere]

il tempo incalza


assillare

源自 assillo (“马蝇、牛虻；烦人的担忧”) + -are。
對照西西里語 siḍḍijari（常被錯寫成 siḍḍiari）。

assìllo (first-person singular present)
assillài (first-person singular past historic)
assillàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

因被牛虻叮咬而变得愤怒或烦躁 [助動詞 avere]


pellegrinare

pellegrìno (first-person singular present)
pellegrinài (first-person singular past historic)
pellegrinàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


peregrinare

借自拉丁語 peregrīnārī (“处在或居住在外国、在国外或作为外地人、出国、四处旅行；漫游、游荡；在国外旅居、游历”)。

peregrìno (first-person singular present)
peregrinài (first-person singular past historic)
peregrinàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

流浪，遊蕩 [助動詞 avere]


cloroformizzare

cloroformìzzo (first-person singular present)
cloroformizzài (first-person singular past historic)
cloroformizzàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

被氯仿麻醉 [助動詞 essere]


embricarsi

mi émbrico (first-person singular present)
mi èmbrico (first-person singular present)
mi embricài (first-person singular past historic)
embricàto (past participle)


splendere

splèndo (first-person singular present)
splendétti (first-person singular past historic)
splendètti (first-person singular past historic)

複合時態和過去分詞很少使用，在 Treccani 和 DOP 等幾本字典中完全沒有出現。

brillato 可以用作過去分詞的同義詞。


fulgere

借自拉丁語 fulgēre。

fùlgo (first-person singular present)
fùlsi (first-person singular past historic)

Fulgeami già in fronte la corona
di quella terra che ’l Danubio riga
poi che le ripe tedesche abbandona.

多瑙河越過德國邊境之後，灌溉著這片土地的王冠已然閃耀於我的腦海中。

1316–c. 1321，Dante Alighieri，“Canto VIII”, in Paradiso [Heaven]，行s 64–66; republished as La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]，第2ⁿᵈ revised版, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:


rifulgere

繼承自拉丁語 refulgēre (“反射，反光”)。

rifùlgo (first-person singular present)
rifùlsi (first-person singular past historic)

閃耀，發光 [助動詞 essere或avere] (但複合時態並不常見)

[…] ei visita all’alba
Le lor ime correnti, desioso
Di più freschi lavacri, onde rifulga
Sovra le piume sue nitido il Sole.

黎明時分，他來到深水區，渴望找到更新鮮的水池，讓陽光可以清晰地照耀在他的羽毛上。

1813，Ugo Foscolo，“A Vesta [To Vesta]”, in Inno alle grazie，Florence, 出版於 1848，頁 41:

l'amore brillava negli occhi di Berta, che non avevano rifulso mai così belli.

貝爾塔的眼睛閃爍著愛意，從未如此明亮

1940，Riccardo Bacchelli，Mondo vecchio sempre nuovo [Ever-New Old World]，Mursia, 出版於 1969:


annichilarsi

mi annìchilo (first-person singular present)
mi annichilài (first-person singular past historic)
annichilàto (past participle)

(不及物，不常見) 自毀；自卑


attentare

attènto (first-person singular present)
atténto (first-person singular present)
attentài (first-person singular past historic)
attentàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

provare

試圖，企圖 [接 di (+ 不定式 或 賓語)] [助動詞 avere]

tentare

試圖，企圖 [接 di (+ 不定式 或 賓語)] [助動詞 avere]

謀害，謀殺；侵害，傷害，損害 [接 a] [助動詞 avere]

試圖，企圖 [接 di (+ 不定式 或 賓語)] [助動詞 avere]


attentarsi

mi attènto (first-person singular present)
mi atténto (first-person singular present)
mi attentài (first-person singular past historic)
attentàto (past participle)

E quale il cicognin che leva l’ala ¶ per voglia di volare, e non s’attenta ¶ d’abbandonar lo nido, e giù la cala; ¶ tal era io con voglia accesa e spenta ¶ di dimandar, venendo infino a l’atto ¶ che fa colui ch’a dicer s’argomenta.

然后如同幼小的鹳鸟感到飞的欲望时，振起自己的翅膀，又因不敢离巢就让翅膀垂落，就像这样，询问的欲望在我胸中燃烧起来又熄灭下去，做出的动作和⼀个准备说话的人所做的相同。

1321，Dante Alighieri，La divina commedia: Purgatorio [神曲 煉獄篇] (paperback), Bompiani, 出版於 2001, Canto XXV，頁 378，行s 10–15:


argomentare

借自拉丁語 argūmentārī。

argoménto (first-person singular present)
argomentài (first-person singular past historic)
argomentàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


discorrere

半接觸借詞，源自拉丁語 discurrere。

discórro (first-person singular present)
discórsi (first-person singular past historic)
discórso (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

討論，談論，議論 [接 di ‘關於’] [助動詞 avere]

跑來跑去，徘徊，漫遊 [助動詞 avere]

彼此間訂婚 [助動詞 avere]


peragrare

peràgro (first-person singular present)
peragrài (first-person singular past historic)
peragràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


sciamare

源自 sciame + -are。較不可能繼承自通俗拉丁語 *exāmināre，源自拉丁語 exāmen。對照法語 essaimer、西班牙語 enjambrar、葡萄牙語 enxamear、威尼斯語 samar。

sciàmo (first-person singular present)
sciamài (first-person singular past historic)
sciamàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)

群集，成群結隊，擠滿 [助動詞 avere或essere]


trafficare

同源詞包括皮埃蒙特語 trafiché。

tràffico (first-person singular present)
trafficài (first-person singular past historic)
trafficàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


congaudere

古典借詞，源自拉丁語 congaudēre。

congàudo (first-person singular present)

過去分詞和先過去式形式不使用。

(棄用，罕用，不及物) 共同歡欣、歡慶

E ’l savio duca: «Omai veggio la rete
che qui vi ’mpiglia e come si scalappia,
perché ci trema e di che congaudete.

那贤明的导者道：“如今我看到在这里把你们捕住的网，有⼈如何突破它，为什么这里地震，你们⼜为何同乐。”

1310s，Dante Alighieri，“Canto XXI”, in Purgatorio [Purgatory]，行s 76–78; republished as La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]，第2ⁿᵈ revised版, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

lopere di quelli che ſi trouano eſſer in gratia, ſono ſempre buone, & accette a Dio, E la Ragione ſe ne ride, perche di quelle lhuomo giubila e congaude.

1544，Alessandro Vellutello，“Canto XII”, Purgatorio, in La Comedia di Dante Aligieri con la nova esposizione di Alessandro Vellutello，頁 450:

L’Vmiltà […] non giudica male, che di ſe, riſpetta tutti, come infima, ſi ¶ poſpone come ultima, congaude dell’altrui bene

谦卑不会做出负面评价，除了自己之外；它尊重每一个人，好像它是最低等的；它把自己放在别人之后，好像它是排最后的；它参与他人幸福的欢乐

1695年March25日，Isabella Tomasi，[無題信]; 再版為 “Lettera CX [信函110]”, in Scelta di lettere spirituali della venerabile serva di Dio Suor Maria Crocifissa della Concezione [可敬的天主之僕——修女瑪利亞·克羅西菲薩的靈修書信精選]，Agrigento: publ. Felice Marino, 1704，頁s 346–347:

[…] io ¶ congaudeva del gaudio vostro e del gaudio di tanti vostri parenti, amici, e benevoli compatrioti

[…] 我也为你们的喜悦而高兴，也为你们许多亲戚、朋友和仁慈同胞的喜悦而高兴 。

1864，Alessandro Piegadi，“A’ suoi specchiatissimi amici Bartolomeo e Bernardo Pietro Berri fratelli [致他最尊敬的朋友，Bartolomeo 和 Bernardo Pietro Berri 兄弟]”, in Raccolta di versi, prose, iscrizioni del padre Davide da Venezia，Venice: publ. Alessandro Piegadi，頁s 5–6:


scuocere

源自 s- + cuocere (“烘焙；烹飪”)；亦參見拉丁語 excoquere。

scuòcio (first-person singular present)
scòssi (first-person singular past historic)
scòtto (past participle)
avére
èssere

煮過頭，燒過頭 [助動詞 essere]


demeritare

demèrito (first-person singular present)
demeritài (first-person singular past historic)
demeritàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


pignoleggiare

pignoléggio (first-person singular present)
pignoleggiài (first-person singular past historic)
pignoleggiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


pericolare

perìcolo (first-person singular present)
pericolài (first-person singular past historic)
pericolàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


azzardare

azzàrdo (first-person singular present)
azzardài (first-person singular past historic)
azzardàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

azzardare i nostri soldi in una speculazione

拿我们的钱去冒险进行（股票市场的）投机

mi piace azzardare


incominciare

incomìncio (first-person singular present)
incominciài (first-person singular past historic)
incominciàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


ricominciare

ricomìncio (first-person singular present)
ricominciài (first-person singular past historic)
ricominciàto (past participle)
avére
èssere


arrabbiare

arràbbio (first-person singular present)
arrabbiài (first-person singular past historic)
arrabbiàto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)

患狂犬病；發瘋，變得狂暴


radiare

ràdio (first-person singular present)
radiài (first-person singular past historic)
radiàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


obbedire

obbedìsco (first-person singular present)
obbedìi (first-person singular past historic)
obbedìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


disobbedire

disobbedìsco (first-person singular present)
disobbedìi (first-person singular past historic)
disobbedìto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

disubbidire (“不聽從，不順從”)的另一種寫法 [助動詞 avere]


obiettare

源自拉丁語 obiectum (“物體”，字面意思是“被投擲出來的”)，源自 obiectus，obiciō (“扔或放在……前面；反對”) 的完成時被動分詞，源自 ob (“反，對”) + iaciō (“扔，投擲”)。

obiètto (first-person singular present)
obiétto (first-person singular present)
obiettài (first-person singular past historic)
obiettàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)

dissentire

反對，提出異議 [助動詞 avere]

ridire

反對，提出異議 [助動詞 avere]

反對，提出異議 [助動詞 avere]


insediarsi

mi insèdio (first-person singular present)
mi insediài (first-person singular past historic)
insediàto (past participle)

occupare

擔任 [接 in 或 a 或 (有時) su ‘工作、職位等’]

stabilirsi

定居；駐在 [接 in 或 a ‘在新的地點’; or 接 su ‘在……（山丘、星球、地形等）上’]

dimettersi

擔任 [接 in 或 a 或 (有時) su ‘工作、職位等’]

licenziarsi

擔任 [接 in 或 a 或 (有時) su ‘工作、職位等’]

擔任 [接 in 或 a 或 (有時) su ‘工作、職位等’]

insediare in una cattedra

Virginia fu lo Stato dove si insediarono i primi coloni inglesi

弗吉尼亚是第一批英国殖民者定居的州


sfociare

sfócio (first-person singular present)
sfociài (first-person singular past historic)
sfociàto (past participle)
èssere
avére

不及物時助動詞除了 essere 外還可用 avere，但並不常用。

流入（尤指河流匯入更大的河流或注入湖、海） [助動詞 essere]

導致，造成 [助動詞 essere]


sboccare

源自 s- (“出”) + bocca (“嘴”) + -are。若按詞形等同於法語 déboucher，不過意思上不同。

sbócco (first-person singular present)
sboccài (first-person singular past historic)
sboccàto (past participle)
èssere
avére

sfociare

流入；通往 [助動詞 essere]

arrivare

流入；通往 [助動詞 essere]

giungere

流入；通往 [助動詞 essere]

gettarsi

流入；通往 [助動詞 essere]

confluire

流入；通往 [助動詞 essere]

immettersi

流入；通往 [助動詞 essere]

terminare

流入；通往 [助動詞 essere]

finire

流入；通往 [助動詞 essere]

condurre

流入；通往 [助動詞 essere]

arrivare

結束於；到達 (某地方) [助動詞 essere]

giungere

結束於；到達 (某地方) [助動詞 essere]

raggiungere

結束於；到達 (某地方) [助動詞 essere]

finire

結束於；到達 (某地方) [助動詞 essere]

prorompere

變成；最後成為；導致 [接 in] [助動詞 essere]

slabbrare

打破……（容器）的口或邊緣

流入；通往 [助動詞 essere]

結束於；到達 (某地方) [助動詞 essere]

變成；最後成為；導致 [接 in] [助動詞 essere]

le dimostrazioni sboccarono nell'aperta rivolta


imboccare

源自 im (“進，裡”) + bocca (“嘴”) + -are，或源自通俗拉丁語 *imbuccāre，繼承自拉丁語 bucca。對照西班牙語和加泰羅尼亞語 embocar、法語 emboucher、羅馬尼亞語 îmbuca。

imbócco (first-person singular present)
imboccài (first-person singular past historic)
imboccàto (past participle)
avére (intransitive)
èssere

il sentiero imbocca nella strada provinciale


slabbrare

slàbbro (first-person singular present)
slabbrài (first-person singular past historic)
slabbràto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)


scheggiare

schéggio (first-person singular present)
scheggiài (first-person singular past historic)
scheggiàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

逃跑，逃走 [助動詞 essere]


sbrattare

源自 imbrattare，更改了前綴；參見 s-。

sbràtto (first-person singular present)
sbrattài (first-person singular past historic)
sbrattàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


sbrattare

雙槳划船 [助動詞 avere]


straripare

strarìpo (first-person singular present)
straripài (first-person singular past historic)
straripàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)
èssere (auxiliary)


fuoriuscire

fuorièsco (first-person singular present)
fuoriuscìi (first-person singular past historic)
fuoriuscìto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)

流出，溢出，湧出 [接 da]


sbottare

sbòtto (first-person singular present)
sbottài (first-person singular past historic)
sbottàto (past participle)
èssere (auxiliary)

sbottare a piangere

sbottare in una risata

«Ma come fate a controllare la materia?» sbottò.

“但是你怎么能够控制物质呢？”他叫出声来道。

2019，George Orwell，譯者 Nicola Gardini, Nineteen Eighty-Four，Mondadori:


incagliare

incàglio (first-person singular present)
incagliài (first-person singular past historic)
incagliàto (past participle)
avére
èssere

中止，受挫 [助動詞 essere]


depolimerizzarsi

mi depolimerìzzo (first-person singular present)
mi depolimerizzài (first-person singular past historic)
depolimerizzàto (past participle)


polimerizzare

polimerìzzo (first-person singular present)
polimerizzài (first-person singular past historic)
polimerizzàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


gemmare

源自拉丁語 gemmāre。

gèmmo (first-person singular present)
gemmài (first-person singular past historic)
gemmàto (past participle)
avére (auxiliary)


insuperbire

insuperbìsco (first-person singular present)
insuperbìi (first-person singular past historic)
insuperbìto (past participle)
èssere
avére

驕傲，自大 [接 per ‘為……’] [助動詞 essere]


insuperbirsi

mi insuperbìsco (first-person singular present)
mi insuperbìi (first-person singular past historic)
insuperbìto (past participle)

驕傲，自大 [接 per ‘為……’] [助動詞 essere]

insuperbirsi per il successo