See 壟斷 on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำกริยาภาษากวางตุ้ง",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำกริยาภาษาจีน",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำกริยาภาษาจีนกลาง",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำกริยาภาษาอู๋",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำกริยาภาษาฮกเกี้ยน",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำนามภาษากวางตุ้ง",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำนามภาษาจีน",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำนามภาษาจีนกลาง",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำนามภาษาอู๋",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำนามภาษาฮกเกี้ยน",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำหลักภาษากวางตุ้ง",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำหลักภาษาจีน",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำหลักภาษาจีนกลาง",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำหลักภาษาอู๋",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำหลักภาษาฮกเกี้ยน",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ศัพท์ภาษาจีนกลางที่มีลิงก์เสียง",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ศัพท์ภาษาจีนที่มีการออกเสียงไอพีเอ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ศัพท์ภาษาจีนที่สะกดด้วย 壟",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ศัพท์ภาษาจีนที่สะกดด้วย 斷",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "หน้าที่มี 1 รายการ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "หน้าที่มีรายการ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "垄断",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "龍斷",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "龙断",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "隴斷",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "陇断",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "垅断",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "จีน",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_title": "คำกริยา",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ศัพท์ภาษาจีนที่มีนัยโบราณ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ค้าขายในตลาดบนที่สูง"
],
"id": "th-壟斷-zh-verb-NWpPDZZv",
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ผูกขาด"
],
"id": "th-壟斷-zh-verb-OVQryYv7",
"tags": [
"metaphoric"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lǒngduàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄢˋ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-longduàn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/Zh-longduàn.ogg/Zh-longduàn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-longduàn.ogg",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "lung⁵ dyun⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-toǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-tn̄g"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-toān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-toān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶lon-doe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lǒngduàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lǒngduàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "lung³-tuan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lǔng-dwàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "loongduann"
},
{
"roman": "lunduanʹ",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "лундуань"
},
{
"ipa": "/lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯än⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "lung⁵ dyun⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lúhng dyuhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lung⁵ dyn⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "lung⁵ dün⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/lʊŋ¹³ tyːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-toǎn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-tuǎn"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tuan²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Quanzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-tn̄g"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-tn̄g"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "liofngd'ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese",
"Taipei"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/liɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-toān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-tuān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "liofngdoan"
},
{
"ipa": "/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tuan²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Xiamen"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-toān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-tuān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "lofngdoan"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tuan²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶lon-doe"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh_pron": "lon^去 doe"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Shanghai"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "³lon-doe"
},
{
"ipa": "/loŋ²² dø⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Shanghai"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "壟斷"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำกริยาภาษากวางตุ้ง",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำกริยาภาษาจีน",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำกริยาภาษาจีนกลาง",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำกริยาภาษาอู๋",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำกริยาภาษาฮกเกี้ยน",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำนามภาษากวางตุ้ง",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำนามภาษาจีน",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำนามภาษาจีนกลาง",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำนามภาษาอู๋",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำนามภาษาฮกเกี้ยน",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำหลักภาษากวางตุ้ง",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำหลักภาษาจีน",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำหลักภาษาจีนกลาง",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำหลักภาษาอู๋",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "คำหลักภาษาฮกเกี้ยน",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ศัพท์ภาษาจีนกลางที่มีลิงก์เสียง",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ศัพท์ภาษาจีนที่มีการออกเสียงไอพีเอ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ศัพท์ภาษาจีนที่สะกดด้วย 壟",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ศัพท์ภาษาจีนที่สะกดด้วย 斷",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "หน้าที่มี 1 รายการ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "หน้าที่มีรายการ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "垄断",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "龍斷",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "龙断",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "隴斷",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "陇断",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "垅断",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "จีน",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "คำนาม",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ศัพท์ภาษาจีนที่มีนัยโบราณ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ที่สูง"
],
"id": "th-壟斷-zh-noun-QHIIxjXq",
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "เศรษฐศาสตร์",
"orig": "zh:เศรษฐศาสตร์",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"การผูกขาด"
],
"id": "th-壟斷-zh-noun-ERr75KQj",
"tags": [
"metaphoric"
],
"topics": [
"economics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lǒngduàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄢˋ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-longduàn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/Zh-longduàn.ogg/Zh-longduàn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-longduàn.ogg",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "lung⁵ dyun⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-toǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-tn̄g"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-toān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-toān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶lon-doe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lǒngduàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lǒngduàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "lung³-tuan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lǔng-dwàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "loongduann"
},
{
"roman": "lunduanʹ",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "лундуань"
},
{
"ipa": "/lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯än⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "lung⁵ dyun⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lúhng dyuhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lung⁵ dyn⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "lung⁵ dün⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/lʊŋ¹³ tyːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-toǎn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-tuǎn"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tuan²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Quanzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-tn̄g"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-tn̄g"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "liofngd'ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese",
"Taipei"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/liɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-toān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-tuān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "liofngdoan"
},
{
"ipa": "/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tuan²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Xiamen"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-toān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-tuān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "lofngdoan"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tuan²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶lon-doe"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh_pron": "lon^去 doe"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Shanghai"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "³lon-doe"
},
{
"ipa": "/loŋ²² dø⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Shanghai"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "壟斷"
}
{
"categories": [
"คำกริยาภาษากวางตุ้ง",
"คำกริยาภาษาจีน",
"คำกริยาภาษาจีนกลาง",
"คำกริยาภาษาอู๋",
"คำกริยาภาษาฮกเกี้ยน",
"คำนามภาษากวางตุ้ง",
"คำนามภาษาจีน",
"คำนามภาษาจีนกลาง",
"คำนามภาษาอู๋",
"คำนามภาษาฮกเกี้ยน",
"คำหลักภาษากวางตุ้ง",
"คำหลักภาษาจีน",
"คำหลักภาษาจีนกลาง",
"คำหลักภาษาอู๋",
"คำหลักภาษาฮกเกี้ยน",
"ศัพท์ภาษาจีนกลางที่มีลิงก์เสียง",
"ศัพท์ภาษาจีนที่มีการออกเสียงไอพีเอ",
"ศัพท์ภาษาจีนที่สะกดด้วย 壟",
"ศัพท์ภาษาจีนที่สะกดด้วย 斷",
"หน้าที่มี 1 รายการ",
"หน้าที่มีรายการ"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "垄断",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "龍斷",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "龙断",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "隴斷",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "陇断",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "垅断",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "จีน",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_title": "คำกริยา",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ศัพท์ภาษาจีนที่มีนัยโบราณ"
],
"glosses": [
"ค้าขายในตลาดบนที่สูง"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ผูกขาด"
],
"tags": [
"metaphoric"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lǒngduàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄢˋ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-longduàn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/Zh-longduàn.ogg/Zh-longduàn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-longduàn.ogg",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "lung⁵ dyun⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-toǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-tn̄g"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-toān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-toān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶lon-doe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lǒngduàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lǒngduàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "lung³-tuan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lǔng-dwàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "loongduann"
},
{
"roman": "lunduanʹ",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "лундуань"
},
{
"ipa": "/lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯än⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "lung⁵ dyun⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lúhng dyuhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lung⁵ dyn⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "lung⁵ dün⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/lʊŋ¹³ tyːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-toǎn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-tuǎn"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tuan²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Quanzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-tn̄g"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-tn̄g"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "liofngd'ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese",
"Taipei"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/liɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-toān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-tuān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "liofngdoan"
},
{
"ipa": "/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tuan²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Xiamen"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-toān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-tuān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "lofngdoan"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tuan²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶lon-doe"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh_pron": "lon^去 doe"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Shanghai"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "³lon-doe"
},
{
"ipa": "/loŋ²² dø⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Shanghai"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "壟斷"
}
{
"categories": [
"คำกริยาภาษากวางตุ้ง",
"คำกริยาภาษาจีน",
"คำกริยาภาษาจีนกลาง",
"คำกริยาภาษาอู๋",
"คำกริยาภาษาฮกเกี้ยน",
"คำนามภาษากวางตุ้ง",
"คำนามภาษาจีน",
"คำนามภาษาจีนกลาง",
"คำนามภาษาอู๋",
"คำนามภาษาฮกเกี้ยน",
"คำหลักภาษากวางตุ้ง",
"คำหลักภาษาจีน",
"คำหลักภาษาจีนกลาง",
"คำหลักภาษาอู๋",
"คำหลักภาษาฮกเกี้ยน",
"ศัพท์ภาษาจีนกลางที่มีลิงก์เสียง",
"ศัพท์ภาษาจีนที่มีการออกเสียงไอพีเอ",
"ศัพท์ภาษาจีนที่สะกดด้วย 壟",
"ศัพท์ภาษาจีนที่สะกดด้วย 斷",
"หน้าที่มี 1 รายการ",
"หน้าที่มีรายการ"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "垄断",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "龍斷",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "龙断",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "隴斷",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "陇断",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "垅断",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "จีน",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "คำนาม",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ศัพท์ภาษาจีนที่มีนัยโบราณ"
],
"glosses": [
"ที่สูง"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"zh:เศรษฐศาสตร์"
],
"glosses": [
"การผูกขาด"
],
"tags": [
"metaphoric"
],
"topics": [
"economics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lǒngduàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄢˋ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-longduàn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/Zh-longduàn.ogg/Zh-longduàn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-longduàn.ogg",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "lung⁵ dyun⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-toǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-tn̄g"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-toān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-toān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶lon-doe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lǒngduàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lǒngduàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "lung³-tuan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lǔng-dwàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "loongduann"
},
{
"roman": "lunduanʹ",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "лундуань"
},
{
"ipa": "/lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯än⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Central-Plains-Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "lung⁵ dyun⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "lúhng dyuhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "lung⁵ dyn⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "lung⁵ dün⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/lʊŋ¹³ tyːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-toǎn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-tuǎn"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tuan²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Quanzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-tn̄g"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-tn̄g"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "liofngd'ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese",
"Taipei"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/liɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"General Taiwanese",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-toān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lióng-tuān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "liofngdoan"
},
{
"ipa": "/liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tuan²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Xiamen"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-toān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "lóng-tuān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "lofngdoan"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tuan²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Zhangzhou"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶lon-doe"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh_pron": "lon^去 doe"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Shanghai"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "³lon-doe"
},
{
"ipa": "/loŋ²² dø⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Shanghai"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "壟斷"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 壟斷 meaning in All languages combined (12.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-09 from the thwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-01 using wiktextract (606a11c and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.