trinitrotoluene

trinitrotoluene (singular)
trinitrotoluenes (plural)

Trinitrotoluene is a yellow explosive material that is made up of crystals that are gotten through a reaction with nitric acid and toluene.


water

Water is a clear liquid of the chemical compound H₂O that all living things need in order to live.

The dog drank the water from his dish

Can I please have a glass of water?

Your plant needs more water as it is about to die.


complex

A structure with a central atom or molecule that has a weak connection to atoms or molecules around it.


element

An element is one basic kind of substance, such as iron (Fe) oxygen (O) or sodium (Na).

Water is made up of two elements: Hydrogen and Oxygen.


acid

An acid is a liquid with a high number of hydrogen ions in it that can burn things.

Fruit often has a little acid in it.

The acid burned the table.

Acids taste sour but bases taste bitter.


base

An base is a chemical that releases hydroxide ions in water, and has a high pH.

ammonia is a weak base.


concentration

concentration (singular)
concentrations (plural)

The amount of solute in a solution; the concentration of a solution is measured in parts per million (ppm)


bond

A bond is the force that holds atoms together.


radical

An atom or a group of atoms with at least one unpaired electron.


basic

basic (positive)
more basic (comparative)
most basic (superlative)

Something that is basic has a pH level more than 7, and makes acidic solutions more neutral.


product

A product is a chemical substance that is made as a result of a chemical reaction.


catalyst

A substance that makes a chemical reaction happen faster. The catalyst is not changed by the process and can be used again.


unsaturated

Not saturated; able to dissolve more of a solute at the same temperature.

Having atoms share more than one valence bond; especially of an organic compound having one or more double bond or triple bond between carbon atoms.


electronic

Something that is electronic relates to an electron or electrons.


saturation

saturation (singular)
saturations (plural)

When a solution becomes completed saturated.

After adding 3 tablespoons of salt, the water has reached the point of saturation.

When an organic compound has no double or triple bonds


saturated

saturated (positive)
more saturated (comparative)
most saturated (superlative)

containing all the solute that can normally be dissolved at a given temperature.

Having all available valence bonds filled; especially of any organic compound containing only single bonds between carbon atoms.


spectrum

spectrum (singular)
spectra or spectrums (plural)

The pattern of absorption or emission of radiation that is made by a substance when it is put in contact with an energy such as radiation, heat, electricity, etc.


allotropy

allotropy (singular)
allotropies (plural)

Allotropy is the property that certain elements have to get their atoms disposed in different structures.

Carbon has two main forms : graphite and diamond, that are each characterized by a different atomic disposition. This is called allotropy.


periodic table

periodic table (singular)
periodic tables (plural)

The periodic table is a chart that has all the elements in chemistry. Each element has an atomic number.


isotope

Isotopes are atomic cores belonging to the same element that have the same number of protons, but have a different number of neutrons.

Uranium 235 and uranium 238 are isotopes of uranium.

Deutherium is an isotope of oxygen that has two neutrons.


electron configuration

electron configuration (singular)
electron configurations (plural)

How the electrons in an atom are arranged.

The electron configuration in a Hydrogen-1 atom is 1s¹.


concentrated

concentrated (positive)
more concentrated (comparative)
most concentrated (superlative)

A concentrated liquid is something that has a high proportion of something as compared to other substances within the liquid.


unoxidized

unoxidized (positive)
more unoxidized (comparative)
most unoxidized (superlative)

If something is unoxidized, it is not oxidized.


oxidized

oxidized (positive)
more oxidized (comparative)
most oxidized (superlative)

If something is oxidized, it has reacted with oxygen.


oxidize

oxidize (canonical)
oxidizes (third-person singular)
oxidized (past)
oxidized (past participle)
oxidizing (present participle)

If you oxidize something, you mix it with oxygen or make it into an oxide.

If you oxidize something, you increase the valence of a chemical element by removing electrons from it.


oxidise

oxidise (canonical)
oxidises (third-person singular)
oxidised (past)
oxidised (past participle)
oxidising (present participle)

If you oxidise something, you mix it with oxygen or make it into an oxide.

If you oxidise something, you increase the valence of a chemical element by removing electrons from it.


acidic

acidic (positive)
more acidic (comparative)
most acidic (superlative)

Something that is acidic has a pH level less than 7, is sour, and makes basic solutions more neutral.


reversible

If a chemical reaction is reversible, it can go in either direction.


nonmetal

If an element is a nonmetal, it is not like a metal.

chlorine is a nonmetal.


crystal

A crystal is any solid that is made of atoms and molecules that are arranged in a neat pattern.


triene

A triene is an alkene with three double bonds.


chemical compound

A chemical compound is made when two or more chemical elements react.


hydrocarbon

hydrocarbon (singular)
hydrocarbons (plural)

A chemical compound made out of carbon and hydrogen. Other elements could also be included.


synthesis

A synthesis is the combination of simpler components to form something more complex.

Our chemistry teacher explained us the ammonia synthesis today.


gamma-hydroxybutyrate

gamma-hydroxybutyrate (singular)
gamma-hydroxybutyrates (plural)

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate is a drug which is used to relax people. It is a strict drug, which is most often used by the homosexual community.


valence

A valence is something that determines the number of atoms that will bond with another kind of atom.

A valence is a certain amount of atoms or groups in a basic combination that an atom or group can actually hold.


halogen

/ˈhæ.ləˌd͡ʒɛn/

A chemical element that is listed in the penultimate column of the periodic table. These elements have a charge of -1. fluorine, chlorine and iodine are three of the halogens.


solute

In chemistry, a solute is something that is dissolved into another substance.

Sugar is a solute when it is added to a cup of hot coffee.


recipient

recipient (singular)
recipients (plural)

The part of an alembic or other still in which the distilled liquid is collected.

The green colored liquid slowly dripped into the recipient.


noble gas

noble gas (singular)
noble gases (plural)

Any of the elements of group 18 of the periodic table, being odorless, colorless, and monatomic.

helium is the first noble gas in the periodic table.


lanthanide

lanthanide (singular)
lanthanides (plural)

A lanthanide is an element that had the atomic number between 57 and 71 in the periodic table. These elements are also called rare earth elements.


patina

Patina is a coating of various chemical compounds such as oxides or carbonates formed on the surface of metal during exposure to weathering.


transition element

transition element (singular)
transition elements (plural)

A transition element is a metallic element in the periodic table that has an incomplete d-orbital shell. The elements in the group have similar properties and are found in the middle of the periodic table.

Some examples of transition elements are zinc and iron and they have variable oxidation states.


equilibrium

equilibrium (singular)
equilibriums or equilibria (plural)

When a system is in equilibrium, the rates of the forward and backward reactions are the same, hence causing no change in the concentration of the reactants and products.

When a weak acid is added into water, an equilibrium mixture is obtained.


conserve

conserve (canonical)
conserves (third-person singular)
conserved (past)
conserved (past participle)
conserving (present participle)

When something is conserved, it is not changed after a process.

In physics, energy is always conserved. It can never be created nor destroyed.


toxicology

toxicology (singular)
toxicologies (plural)

Toxicology is the study of how poisons affect people's organisms.


hydro-

Words that start with hydro- are related to water or hydrogen.


protium

A type of Hydrogen atoms that they nuclear has only one proton. It can write as ^{₁}_{₁}H or ^{₁}H or H, but not write as P.


tritium

A type of hydrogen atom that the nucleus has one proton and two neutrons. It can be written as ^{₃}_{₁}H or ^{₃}H or T.


oxide

Binary compound that has oxygen element.


deliquescent

deliquescent (positive)
more deliquescent (comparative)
most deliquescent (superlative)

If a material is deliquescent, it is able to take in moisture from air and dissolve in the moisture.

Most deliquescent materials are salts.


nuclide

A nuclide is a specific kind of atom defined by the exact number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.


deuterium

deuterium (singular)
deuteriums (plural)

Deuterium is a kind of hydrogen atom that has a nucleus with one proton and one neutron. It can be written as ^{₂}_{₁}H or ^{₂}H or D.

Deuterium is a substance consisting of deuterium atoms.


combustion

combustion (singular)
combustions (plural)

Combustion is the act or process of burning.

Governments condemn the combustion of plastic as it is not environmentally friendly.


corrosion

corrosion (singular)
corrosions (plural)

Corrosion is the erosion by chemical action, especially oxidation.


oxidation

oxidation (singular)
oxidations (plural)

Oxidation is the reaction where the atoms lose electrons and the oxidation state of the element increases.


synthesize

synthesize (canonical)
synthesizes (third-person singular)
synthesized (past)
synthesized (past participle)
synthesizing (present participle)

If a substance is synthesized it is produced by chemical synthesis.


synthesise

synthesise (canonical)
synthesises (third-person singular)
synthesised (past)
synthesised (past participle)
synthesising (present participle)

If a substance is synthesised it is produced by chemical synthesis.


crucible

A crucible is a piece of laboratory equipment that is used to contain chemical compounds when heating them to very high temperatures.


monatomic

If an element is monatomic, it consists of a single atom in the molecule.


solvent

A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a solute to form a solution.


residue

Residue is the substance that remains after evaporation, distillation, filtration or any similar process.


distillation

Distillation is the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling.


diatomic

If a molecule is diatomic, it consists of two atoms.


hydroxide

hydroxide (singular)
hydroxides (plural)

A hydroxide is a name given to the diatomic anion (OH⁻), it is made up of oxygen and hydrogen atoms.


liberate

liberate (canonical)
liberates (third-person singular)
liberated (past)
liberated (past participle)
liberating (present participle)

If an element is liberated, it is release from chemical bonds or solutions.


crystalline

crystalline (positive)
more crystalline (comparative)
most crystalline (superlative)

If something has a crystalline structure, it has a regular three-dimensional molecular structure.


polymerization

polymerization (singular)
polymerizations (plural)

Polymerization is the chemical process, normally with the aid of a catalyst, to form a polymer by bonding monomers together.


polymerisation

polymerisation (singular)
polymerisations (plural)

Polymerisation is the chemical process, normally with the aid of a catalyst, to form a polymer by bonding monomers together.


polymerize

polymerize (canonical)
polymerizes (third-person singular)
polymerized (past)
polymerized (past participle)
polymerizing (present participle)

If something polymerizes, it converts from a monomer to a polymer by polymerization.


polymerise

polymerise (canonical)
polymerises (third-person singular)
polymerised (past)
polymerised (past participle)
polymerising (present participle)

If something polymerises, it converts from a monomer to a polymer by polymerisation.


melting point

melting point (singular)
melting points (plural)

Melting point is the temperature at which a solid melts.


boiling point

boiling point (singular)
boiling points (plural)

Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid boils.

The boiling point of water is 100°C.


suspension

suspension (singular)
suspensions (plural)

Suspension is the state of a substance produced when its particles are mixed with, but not dissolved in a fluid, and can be separated by straining.


litmus paper

litmus paper (singular)
litmus papers (plural)

Litmus paper contains a water-soluble pH indicator that is made of different dyes. The resulting piece of paper is used to test materials for acidity, turning red when acidic and blue when alkaline.


alkaline

alkaline (positive)
more alkaline (comparative)
most alkaline (superlative)

Something that is alkaline has a pH level more than 7, is bitter, and makes acidic solutions more neutral.


binder

A binder is a chemical that causes two other substances to form into one.


reactant

A reactant is a substance that changes during a chemical reaction.


nitrate

A nitrate is any salt or compound of nitric acid.


biochemistry

Biochemistry is about the science of compounds that occur in living organisms and the processes that occurs within them.


hydrophobic

hydrophobic (positive)
more hydrophobic (comparative)
most hydrophobic (superlative)

If something is hydrophobic, it is unable to absorb or mix with water.


inert

inert (positive)
more inert (comparative)
most inert (superlative)

If something is inert, it does not react with other elements or compounds.


hydrate

A hydrate is a solid compound that contains water molecules.


organic

organic (positive)
more organic (comparative)
most organic (superlative)

If a chemical is organic, it is relating to or contains the compounds of carbon.


crystallise

crystallise (canonical)
crystallises (third-person singular)
crystallised (past)
crystallised (past participle)
crystallising (present participle)

If you crystallise something, you make it into the form of crystals.

I crystallised the copper sulphate by slowly cooling a saturated solution.


crystallize

crystallize (canonical)
crystallizes (third-person singular)
crystallized (past)
crystallized (past participle)
crystallizing (present participle)

If you crystallize something, you make it into the form of crystals.

I crystallized the copper sulphate by slowly cooling a saturated solution.


potash

Potash is a the mixture of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate left over in ashes.


deflagrate

deflagrate (canonical)
deflagrates (third-person singular)
deflagrated (past)
deflagrated (past participle)
deflagrating (present participle)

If you deflagrate something , you burn it with an intense flame.


dioxide

A dioxide is an oxide that has two oxygen atoms in each molecule.


trioxide

A dioxide is an oxide that has three oxygen atoms in each molecule.


monoxide

A dioxide is an oxide that has one oxygen atom in each molecule.


geochemistry

Geochemistry is the study of the chemical composition of the earth and its rocks and minerals.


aldehyde

Aldehydes are organic compound that contains the group —CHO. It is formed by the oxidation of alcohols.


formaldehyde

formaldehyde (singular)
formaldehydes (plural)

Formaldehyde is a colourless gas that is used mainly as a disinfectant. It is the simplest aldehyde.


reactive

reactive (positive)
more reactive (comparative)
most reactive (superlative)

A reactive metal takes part in a reaction readily.

francium is the most reactive of the alkali metals.


photochemistry

Photochemistry is the study of chemical reactions with light.


phosphate

phosphate (singular)
phosphates (plural)

A phosphate is a salt or ester the contains phosphoric acid.


sublimation

sublimation (singular)
sublimations (plural)

Sublimation is the process of a solid turning into a gas without passing through the liquid state.


sublimate

sublimate (singular)
sublimates (plural)

A sublimate is a product obtained by sublimation.


polar

Polar fields, forces, effects, etc., are related to electric or magnetic polarity.


reflux

Reflux is a technique of boiling a liquid in a reflux condenser for a long time


reflux

reflux (canonical)
refluxes (third-person singular)
refluxed (past)
refluxed (past participle)
refluxing (present participle)

If you reflux a liquid, you boil it in a vessel having a reflux condenser.


electrochemical

If something is electrochemical it is related to a chemical reaction that uses electricity.


electrolysis

electrolysis (singular)
electrolyses (plural)

Electrolysis is the chemical change that is done by passing an electric current through a conducting medium.


galvanise

galvanise (canonical)
galvanises (third-person singular)
galvanised (past)
galvanised (past participle)
galvanising (present participle)

If you galvanise a material, you coat it with a thin layer of metal by electrochemical means.


galvanize

galvanize (canonical)
galvanizes (third-person singular)
galvanized (past)
galvanized (past participle)
galvanizing (present participle)

If you galvanize a material, you coat it with a thin layer of metal by electrochemical means.


inorganic chemistry

Inorganic chemistry is the study of chemical elements and inorganic compounds.


petrochemistry

The branch of chemistry which is about petroleum and natural gas.


organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is the study of chemical compounds that contain carbon.


solubility

solubility (singular)
solubilities (plural)

The solubility of something is how soluble it is.


ionic bond

ionic bond (singular)
ionic bonds (plural)

An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond where two atoms are connected to each other by electrostatic attraction.


covalent bond

covalent bond (singular)
covalent bonds (plural)

A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where two atoms are connected to each other by the sharing of two or more electrons.


hydrolysis

hydrolysis (singular)
hydrolyses (plural)

Hydrolysis is a chemical process of decomposition that involves the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water.


dialysis

Dialysis is a method of separating particles on their ability to pass through a membrane.


fractionate

fractionate (canonical)
fractionates (third-person singular)
fractionated (past)
fractionated (past participle)
fractionating (present participle)

If you fractionate a mixture, you separate it into its individual components.


phosphoryl

phosphoryl (singular)
phosphoryls (plural)

A phosphoryl is the trivalent group consisting of phosphorus and oxygen.


acceptor

An acceptor is an atom or molecule which can accept an electron to form a chemical bond.


chromo-

Words prefixed with chromo- are related to chromium


salinity

The salinity of something is the concentration of salt in it.


precipitate

precipitate (canonical)
precipitates (third-person singular)
precipitated (past)
precipitated (past participle)
precipitating (present participle)

If you precipitate a substance, you cause it to be deposited in solid form from a solution.


precipitate

precipitate (singular)
precipitates (plural)

A precipitate is a solid that is made from precipitation


indicator

indicator (singular)
indicators (plural)

An indicator is a substance that is used to indicate the concentration of a substance.

Litmus paper is a type of indicator used to indicate the pH of a liquid.