"gruwen" meaning in All languages combined

See gruwen on Wiktionary

Verb [Nederlands]

Audio: nl-gruwen.ogg
Forms: gruwde [past], gegruwd [past, participle], te gruwen [active, infinitive, imperfect, present], zullen gruwen [active, infinitive, imperfect, future, short-form], te zullen gruwen [active, infinitive, imperfect, future], hebben gegruwd [active, infinitive, perfect, present, short-form], te hebben gegruwd [active, infinitive, perfect, present], gegruwd zullen hebben [active, infinitive, perfect, future, short-form], gegruwd te zullen hebben [active, infinitive, perfect, future], gruwend [imperfect, participle], gegruwd [past, participle], ev. gruw [imperative], gruwe [subjunctive], gruw [indicative, imperfect, present, singular, first-person], gruwt [indicative, imperfect, present, singular, second-person], gruwt [indicative, imperfect, present, singular, second-person], gruwt [indicative, imperfect, present, singular, second-person], gruwt [indicative, imperfect, present, singular, third-person], gruwde [indicative, imperfect, past, singular, first-person], gruwde [indicative, imperfect, past, singular, second-person], gruwde [indicative, imperfect, past, singular, second-person], gruwde [indicative, imperfect, past, singular, second-person], gruwde [indicative, imperfect, past, singular, third-person], gruwden [indicative, imperfect, past, plural, first-person], gruwden [indicative, imperfect, past, plural, second-person], gruwden [indicative, imperfect, past, plural, third-person], zal gruwen [indicative, imperfect, future, singular, first-person], zult gruwen [indicative, imperfect, future, singular, second-person], zal gruwen [indicative, imperfect, future, singular, second-person], zult gruwen [indicative, imperfect, future, singular, second-person], zal gruwen [indicative, imperfect, future, singular, second-person], zult gruwen [indicative, imperfect, future, singular, second-person], zal gruwen [indicative, imperfect, future, singular, third-person], zullen gruwen [indicative, imperfect, future, plural, first-person], zullen gruwen [indicative, imperfect, future, plural, second-person], zullen gruwen [indicative, imperfect, future, plural, third-person], zou gruwen [indicative, imperfect, conditional, singular, first-person], zou gruwen [indicative, imperfect, conditional, singular, second-person], zou(dt) gruwen [indicative, imperfect, conditional, singular, second-person], zoudt gruwen [indicative, imperfect, conditional, singular, second-person], zou gruwen [indicative, imperfect, conditional, singular, third-person], zouden gruwen [indicative, imperfect, conditional, plural, first-person], zouden gruwen [indicative, imperfect, conditional, plural, second-person], zouden gruwen [indicative, imperfect, conditional, plural, third-person], heb gegruwd [perfect, present, first-person], hebt gegruwd [perfect, present, second-person], hebt gegruwd [perfect, present, second-person], heeft gegruwd [perfect, present, second-person], hebt gegruwd [perfect, present, second-person], heeft gegruwd [perfect, present, third-person], hebben gegruwd [perfect, present, first-person], hebben gegruwd [perfect, present, second-person], hebben gegruwd [perfect, present, third-person], had gegruwd [perfect, past, first-person], had gegruwd [perfect, past, second-person], had gegruwd [perfect, past, second-person], hadt gegruwd [perfect, past, second-person], had gegruwd [perfect, past, third-person], hadden gegruwd [perfect, past, first-person], hadden gegruwd [perfect, past, second-person], hadden gegruwd [perfect, past, third-person], zal gegruwd hebben [perfect, future, first-person], zal gegruwd hebben [perfect, future, second-person], zult gegruwd hebben [perfect, future, second-person], zult gegruwd hebben [perfect, future, second-person], zal gegruwd hebben [perfect, future, second-person], zult gegruwd hebben [perfect, future, second-person], zal gegruwd hebben [perfect, future, third-person], zullen gegruwd hebben [perfect, future, first-person], zullen gegruwd hebben [perfect, future, second-person], zullen gegruwd hebben [perfect, future, third-person], zou gegruwd hebben [perfect, conditional, first-person], zou gegruwd hebben [perfect, conditional, second-person], zou gegruwd hebben [perfect, conditional, second-person], zoudt gegruwd hebben [perfect, conditional, second-person], zoudt gegruwd hebben [perfect, conditional, second-person], zou gegruwd hebben [perfect, conditional, third-person], zouden gegruwd hebben [perfect, conditional, first-person], zouden gegruwd hebben [perfect, conditional, second-person], zouden gegruwd hebben [perfect, conditional, third-person], er wordt gegruwd [impersonal, passive, present, imperfect], er is gegruwd [impersonal, passive, present, perfect], er werd gegruwd [impersonal, passive, past, imperfect], er was gegruwd [impersonal, passive, past, perfect], er zal gegruwd worden [impersonal, passive, future, imperfect], er zal gegruwd zijn [impersonal, passive, future, perfect], er zou gegruwd worden [impersonal, passive, conditional, imperfect], er zou gegruwd zijn [impersonal, passive, conditional, perfect]
  1. een sterk gevoel van afkeer ervaren Tags: unergative
    Sense id: nl-gruwen-nl-verb-sswJ4oHR Categories (other): Inergatief werkwoord in het Nederlands
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (other): Niet-samengesteld werkwoord in het Nederlands, Ontbrekend geluid, Retrograad van het Nederlands, Vervoeging in het Nederlands, Werkwoord in het Nederlands, Woorden in het Nederlands, Woorden in het Nederlands met audioweergave, Woorden in het Nederlands van lengte 6, Zwak werkwoord (-d) in het Nederlands

Inflected forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Niet-samengesteld werkwoord in het Nederlands",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Ontbrekend geluid",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Retrograad van het Nederlands",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Vervoeging in het Nederlands",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Werkwoord in het Nederlands",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Woorden in het Nederlands",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Woorden in het Nederlands met audioweergave",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Woorden in het Nederlands van lengte 6",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Zwak werkwoord (-d) in het Nederlands",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_texts": [
    "In de betekenis van ‘afschuw hebben van’ voor het eerst aangetroffen in het jaar 1420"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gegruwd",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "te gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "lang"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "imperfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zullen gruwen",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "short-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "te zullen gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "lang"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "imperfect",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebben gegruwd",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "short-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "te hebben gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "lang"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gegruwd zullen hebben",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "short-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gegruwd te zullen hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "lang"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "perfect",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwend",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gegruwd",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ev.\n gruw",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwe",
      "raw_tags": [
        "mv. verouderd\ngruwt"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruw",
      "raw_tags": [
        "ik"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gij, ge"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "hij, zij, het"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "raw_tags": [
        "ik"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gij, ge"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "raw_tags": [
        "hij, zij, het"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwden",
      "raw_tags": [
        "wij, we"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwden",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jullie"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwden",
      "raw_tags": [
        "zij, ze"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zal gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "ik"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zult gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zal gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zult gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zal gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zult gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gij, ge"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zal gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "hij, zij, het"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zullen gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "wij, we"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zullen gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jullie"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zullen gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "zij, ze"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zou gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "ik"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zou gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zou(dt) gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zoudt gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gij, ge"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zou gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "hij, zij, het"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zouden gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "wij, we"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zouden gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jullie"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zouden gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "zij, ze"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heb gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "ik"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebt gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebt gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heeft gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebt gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heeft gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "hij, zij, het"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebben gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "wij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebben gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jullie"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebben gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "zij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "had gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "ik"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "past",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "had gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "past",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "had gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "past",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hadt gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "past",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "had gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "hij, zij, het"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "past",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hadden gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "wij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "past",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hadden gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jullie"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "past",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hadden gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "zij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "past",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zal gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "ik"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zal gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zult gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zult gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zal gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zult gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zal gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "hij, zij, het"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zullen gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "wij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zullen gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jullie"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zullen gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "zij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zou gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "ik"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zou gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zou gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zoudt gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zoudt gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zou gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "hij, zij, het"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zouden gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "wij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zouden gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jullie"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zouden gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "zij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er wordt gegruwd",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er is gegruwd",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er werd gegruwd",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "passive",
        "past",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er was gegruwd",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "passive",
        "past",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er zal gegruwd worden",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "passive",
        "future",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er zal gegruwd zijn",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "passive",
        "future",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er zou gegruwd worden",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "passive",
        "conditional",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er zou gegruwd zijn",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "passive",
        "conditional",
        "perfect"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": "gru·wen",
  "lang": "Nederlands",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "pos_title": "Werkwoord",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Inergatief werkwoord in het Nederlands",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Hij gruwde bij de gedachte nog een keer daar een jaar te moeten verblijven."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "een sterk gevoel van afkeer ervaren"
      ],
      "id": "nl-gruwen-nl-verb-sswJ4oHR",
      "tags": [
        "unergative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "nl-gruwen.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/Nl-gruwen.ogg/Nl-gruwen.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/nl-gruwen.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gruwen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Niet-samengesteld werkwoord in het Nederlands",
    "Ontbrekend geluid",
    "Retrograad van het Nederlands",
    "Vervoeging in het Nederlands",
    "Werkwoord in het Nederlands",
    "Woorden in het Nederlands",
    "Woorden in het Nederlands met audioweergave",
    "Woorden in het Nederlands van lengte 6",
    "Zwak werkwoord (-d) in het Nederlands"
  ],
  "etymology_texts": [
    "In de betekenis van ‘afschuw hebben van’ voor het eerst aangetroffen in het jaar 1420"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gegruwd",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "te gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "lang"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "imperfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zullen gruwen",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "short-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "te zullen gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "lang"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "imperfect",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebben gegruwd",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "short-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "te hebben gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "lang"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gegruwd zullen hebben",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "short-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gegruwd te zullen hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "lang"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "perfect",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwend",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gegruwd",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ev.\n gruw",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwe",
      "raw_tags": [
        "mv. verouderd\ngruwt"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruw",
      "raw_tags": [
        "ik"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gij, ge"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "hij, zij, het"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "raw_tags": [
        "ik"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gij, ge"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "raw_tags": [
        "hij, zij, het"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwden",
      "raw_tags": [
        "wij, we"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwden",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jullie"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwden",
      "raw_tags": [
        "zij, ze"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zal gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "ik"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zult gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zal gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zult gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zal gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zult gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gij, ge"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zal gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "hij, zij, het"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zullen gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "wij, we"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zullen gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jullie"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zullen gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "zij, ze"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zou gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "ik"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zou gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zou(dt) gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zoudt gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gij, ge"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zou gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "hij, zij, het"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zouden gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "wij, we"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zouden gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jullie"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zouden gruwen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "zij, ze"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "imperfect",
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heb gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "ik"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebt gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebt gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heeft gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebt gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heeft gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "hij, zij, het"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebben gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "wij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebben gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jullie"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hebben gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "zij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "had gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "ik"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "past",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "had gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "past",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "had gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "past",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hadt gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "past",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "had gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "hij, zij, het"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "past",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hadden gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "wij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "past",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hadden gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jullie"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "past",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hadden gegruwd",
      "raw_tags": [
        "zij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "past",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zal gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "ik"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zal gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zult gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zult gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zal gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zult gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zal gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "hij, zij, het"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zullen gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "wij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zullen gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jullie"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zullen gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "zij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "future",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zou gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "ik"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zou gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jij, je"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zou gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zoudt gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "u"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zoudt gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zou gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "hij, zij, het"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zouden gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "wij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zouden gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "jullie"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zouden gegruwd hebben",
      "raw_tags": [
        "zij"
      ],
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "perfect",
        "conditional",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er wordt gegruwd",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er is gegruwd",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er werd gegruwd",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "passive",
        "past",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er was gegruwd",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "passive",
        "past",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er zal gegruwd worden",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "passive",
        "future",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er zal gegruwd zijn",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "passive",
        "future",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er zou gegruwd worden",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "passive",
        "conditional",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er zou gegruwd zijn",
      "source": "gruwen/vervoeging",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "passive",
        "conditional",
        "perfect"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": "gru·wen",
  "lang": "Nederlands",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "pos_title": "Werkwoord",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Inergatief werkwoord in het Nederlands"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Hij gruwde bij de gedachte nog een keer daar een jaar te moeten verblijven."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "een sterk gevoel van afkeer ervaren"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "unergative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "nl-gruwen.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/Nl-gruwen.ogg/Nl-gruwen.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/nl-gruwen.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gruwen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for gruwen meaning in All languages combined (12.7kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the nlwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-20 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.