"rough" meaning in All languages combined

See rough on Wiktionary

Adjective [英語]

IPA: ɹʌf Forms: rougher, roughest
  1. (表面が)ざらざらした、でこぼこの。
    Sense id: ja-rough-en-adj-13CIYptF
  2. 乱暴な。
    Sense id: ja-rough-en-adj-GLVBSrsV
  3. (天候などが)荒れた。
    Sense id: ja-rough-en-adj-htRVHJdM
  4. 反則の。
    Sense id: ja-rough-en-adj-VZm0i4pR Categories (other): 英語 スポーツ Topics: sports
  5. (生活・仕事などが)苦しい、辛い。
    Sense id: ja-rough-en-adj-9CXSltK-
  6. およその。
    Sense id: ja-rough-en-adj-qWknyMDI
  7. 大雑把な。
    Sense id: ja-rough-en-adj-vSl9sEsn
  8. 耳障りな。
    Sense id: ja-rough-en-adj-3YXNLPvR
  9. 不運な。
    Sense id: ja-rough-en-adj-JLUqjBvn
  10. 洗練されていない。
    Sense id: ja-rough-en-adj-QnCdJlRT
  11. 自然のままの。
    Sense id: ja-rough-en-adj-TL0rb0PH
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: approximate

Noun [英語]

IPA: ɹʌf Forms: roughs [plural]
  1. ラフ。
    Sense id: ja-rough-en-noun-RmmO3wCV Categories (other): 英語 ゴルフ Topics: golf
  2. 下書き。
    Sense id: ja-rough-en-noun-1hEJMz00
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: diamond in the rough, roughhouse, roughly, roughness, rough in, rough out, rough up, bit of rough
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "smooth"
    },
    {
      "word": "exact"
    },
    {
      "word": "precise"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "古英語 赤リンク",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "古英語 赤リンク/m",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "英語",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "英語 国際音声記号あり",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "英語_古英語由来",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "英語_形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_texts": [
    "古英語rūh"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rougher"
    },
    {
      "form": "roughest"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "英語",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "pos_title": "形容詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "(表面が)ざらざらした、でこぼこの。"
      ],
      "id": "ja-rough-en-adj-13CIYptF"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "乱暴な。"
      ],
      "id": "ja-rough-en-adj-GLVBSrsV"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "(天候などが)荒れた。"
      ],
      "id": "ja-rough-en-adj-htRVHJdM",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "荒",
          "あ"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "英語 スポーツ",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "反則の。"
      ],
      "id": "ja-rough-en-adj-VZm0i4pR",
      "topics": [
        "sports"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "(生活・仕事などが)苦しい、辛い。"
      ],
      "id": "ja-rough-en-adj-9CXSltK-",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "苦",
          "くる"
        ],
        [
          "辛",
          "つら"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "およその。"
      ],
      "id": "ja-rough-en-adj-qWknyMDI"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "大雑把な。"
      ],
      "id": "ja-rough-en-adj-vSl9sEsn"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "耳障りな。"
      ],
      "id": "ja-rough-en-adj-3YXNLPvR",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "耳",
          "みみ"
        ],
        [
          "障",
          "ざわ"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "不運な。"
      ],
      "id": "ja-rough-en-adj-JLUqjBvn"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "洗練されていない。"
      ],
      "id": "ja-rough-en-adj-QnCdJlRT"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "自然のままの。"
      ],
      "id": "ja-rough-en-adj-TL0rb0PH"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "ɹʌf"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "approximate"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rough"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "古英語 赤リンク",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "古英語 赤リンク/m",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "英語",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "英語 名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "英語 国際音声記号あり",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "英語_古英語由来",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_texts": [
    "古英語rūh"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "roughs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "英語",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "名詞",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "diamond in the rough"
    },
    {
      "word": "roughhouse"
    },
    {
      "word": "roughly"
    },
    {
      "word": "roughness"
    },
    {
      "word": "rough in"
    },
    {
      "word": "rough out"
    },
    {
      "word": "rough up"
    },
    {
      "word": "bit of rough"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "英語 ゴルフ",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ラフ。"
      ],
      "id": "ja-rough-en-noun-RmmO3wCV",
      "topics": [
        "golf"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "下書き。"
      ],
      "id": "ja-rough-en-noun-1hEJMz00",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "下",
          "した"
        ],
        [
          "書",
          "が"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "ɹʌf"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rough"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "smooth"
    },
    {
      "word": "exact"
    },
    {
      "word": "precise"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "古英語 赤リンク",
    "古英語 赤リンク/m",
    "英語",
    "英語 国際音声記号あり",
    "英語_古英語由来",
    "英語_形容詞"
  ],
  "etymology_texts": [
    "古英語rūh"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rougher"
    },
    {
      "form": "roughest"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "英語",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "pos_title": "形容詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "(表面が)ざらざらした、でこぼこの。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "乱暴な。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "(天候などが)荒れた。"
      ],
      "ruby": [
        [
          "荒",
          "あ"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "英語 スポーツ"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "反則の。"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "sports"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "(生活・仕事などが)苦しい、辛い。"
      ],
      "ruby": [
        [
          "苦",
          "くる"
        ],
        [
          "辛",
          "つら"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "およその。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "大雑把な。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "耳障りな。"
      ],
      "ruby": [
        [
          "耳",
          "みみ"
        ],
        [
          "障",
          "ざわ"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "不運な。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "洗練されていない。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "自然のままの。"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "ɹʌf"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "approximate"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rough"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "古英語 赤リンク",
    "古英語 赤リンク/m",
    "英語",
    "英語 名詞",
    "英語 国際音声記号あり",
    "英語_古英語由来"
  ],
  "etymology_texts": [
    "古英語rūh"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "roughs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "英語",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "名詞",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "diamond in the rough"
    },
    {
      "word": "roughhouse"
    },
    {
      "word": "roughly"
    },
    {
      "word": "roughness"
    },
    {
      "word": "rough in"
    },
    {
      "word": "rough out"
    },
    {
      "word": "rough up"
    },
    {
      "word": "bit of rough"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "英語 ゴルフ"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ラフ。"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "golf"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "下書き。"
      ],
      "ruby": [
        [
          "下",
          "した"
        ],
        [
          "書",
          "が"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "ɹʌf"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rough"
}

Download raw JSONL data for rough meaning in All languages combined (1.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-02 from the jawiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.