See anormal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en mandarin",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en polonais",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en russe",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en yiddish",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Français",
"orig": "français",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "anormalement"
},
{
"word": "trouble anormal de voisinage"
},
{
"word": "du voisinage"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Emprunté au XIIᵉ siècle au latin médiéval anormalis (« contraire à la règle »), lui-même formé sur le latin norma (« règle, équerre » puis « règle, ligne de conduite »), avec sans doute influence sémantique d’anomalus (« anomal ») ^([1])."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "anormaux",
"ipas": [
"\\a.nɔʁ.mo\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "anormale",
"ipas": [
"\\a.nɔʁ.mal\\"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "anormales",
"ipas": [
"\\a.nɔʁ.mal\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"pos_title": "Adjectif",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en français",
"parents": [],
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Louise Michel, La Commune, Paris : P.-V. Stock, 1898, p.172",
"text": "Les savants s’occupèrent de tout dans une paix profonde, depuis la végétation anormale d'un ognon de jacinthe jusqu'aux courants électriques."
},
{
"ref": "Cécile Thibaud, Les inondations en Espagne, une catastrophe prévisible, Les Echos, 1 et 3 novembre 2024",
"text": "L'inconscience règne parmi les autorités municipales qui ont laissé faire en fermant les yeux. Et ceux qui ont construit ou ont acheté ensuite sans s'interroger n'y ont rien vu d' anormal non plus."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Qui est contraire aux règles qui paraissent régir son genre ou son espèce."
],
"id": "fr-anormal-fr-adj-6uNFL8zs"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en français",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "journal 20 minutes, édition Paris-IDF, 28 septembre 2022, page 6",
"text": "Il n’est quand même pas anormal que la cellule interne qui s’occupe des violences sexuelles s’autosaisisse, quand elle est en copie, d’une lettre de suicide."
},
{
"ref": "Jean-Jacques Lavenue, Bruno Villalba, Vidéo-surveillance et détection automatique des comportements anormaux, 2011",
"text": "Ce n’est pas une simple question d’innovation technique, mais aussi une question de compréhension de l’organisation générale dans laquelle s’insère une telle définition d’un comportement anormal."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Qui dépasse la mesure commune."
],
"id": "fr-anormal-fr-adj-KLRBAgb2",
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
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{
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{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "unnormal"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "abnormal"
},
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "direizh"
},
{
"lang": "Croate",
"lang_code": "hr",
"word": "abnormalan"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "anómalo"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "extraño"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "anormal"
},
{
"lang": "Grec",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "anómalos",
"word": "ανώμαλος"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "abnorme"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "anormale"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgeois",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "anormal"
},
{
"lang": "Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yìcháng",
"traditional_writing": "異常",
"word": "异常"
},
{
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "nienormalny"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "ненормальный"
},
{
"lang": "Same du Nord",
"lang_code": "se",
"word": "eahpedábálaš"
},
{
"lang": "Slovaque",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "abnormálny"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "abnorm"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainien",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "anormalʹnyï",
"word": "анормальний"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"word": "אומנאָרמאַל"
}
],
"word": "anormal"
}
{
"categories": [
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"name": "Lemmes en français",
"parents": [],
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{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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{
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{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"orig": "français",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Emprunté au XIIᵉ siècle au latin médiéval anormalis (« contraire à la règle »), lui-même formé sur le latin norma (« règle, équerre » puis « règle, ligne de conduite »), avec sans doute influence sémantique d’anomalus (« anomal ») ^([1])."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "anormaux",
"ipas": [
"\\a.nɔʁ.mo\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anormale",
"source": "form line template 'équiv-pour'",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun 1",
"senses": [
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"categories": [
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"name": "Exemples en français",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Un anormal."
},
{
"ref": "Alfred Binet, Théodore Simon, Les enfants anormaux: guide pour l’admission des enfants anormaux dans les classes de perfectionnement, 1907",
"text": "Il se peut qu’un directeur qui a un anormal dans son école s’abstienne de le signaler."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Personne dont l’état ou le comportement n’est pas normal."
],
"id": "fr-anormal-fr-noun-32F0zDPF"
}
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{
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"translations": [
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Unnormale"
},
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Unnormaler"
},
{
"lang": "Croate",
"lang_code": "hr",
"word": "abnormalna osoba"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "anormale"
}
],
"word": "anormal"
}
{
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en français",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mots en français issus d’un mot en latin",
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{
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"parents": [],
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"parents": [],
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},
{
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en ido",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"orig": "français",
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],
"etymology_texts": [
"Emprunté au XIIᵉ siècle au latin médiéval anormalis (« contraire à la règle »), lui-même formé sur le latin norma (« règle, équerre » puis « règle, ligne de conduite »), avec sans doute influence sémantique d’anomalus (« anomal ») ^([1])."
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun 2",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en français",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Ludovic Naudeau, La France se regarde : Le Problème de la natalité, Librairie Hachette, Paris, 1931",
"text": "L’habitude est devenue ici une seconde nature. L’anormal est considéré ici comme le normal."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ce qui est contraire à la norme, à la règle habituelle ou commune."
],
"id": "fr-anormal-fr-noun-XJZh54Vu",
"tags": [
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}
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"translations": [
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "Abnorme"
},
{
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"lang_code": "en",
"word": "abnormal"
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{
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"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "anormal"
},
{
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"lang_code": "es",
"word": "anormal"
},
{
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"lang_code": "io",
"word": "nenormala"
},
{
"lang": "Indonésien",
"lang_code": "id",
"word": "abnormal"
}
],
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}
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"Traductions en anglais",
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"Traductions en croate",
"Traductions en espagnol",
"Traductions en grec",
"Traductions en italien",
"Traductions en luxembourgeois",
"Traductions en mandarin",
"Traductions en polonais",
"Traductions en russe",
"Traductions en same du Nord",
"Traductions en slovaque",
"Traductions en suédois",
"Traductions en ukrainien",
"Traductions en yiddish",
"français"
],
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{
"word": "anormalement"
},
{
"word": "trouble anormal de voisinage"
},
{
"word": "du voisinage"
}
],
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],
"forms": [
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"form": "anormaux",
"ipas": [
"\\a.nɔʁ.mo\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "anormale",
"ipas": [
"\\a.nɔʁ.mal\\"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "anormales",
"ipas": [
"\\a.nɔʁ.mal\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"pos_title": "Adjectif",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Exemples en français"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Louise Michel, La Commune, Paris : P.-V. Stock, 1898, p.172",
"text": "Les savants s’occupèrent de tout dans une paix profonde, depuis la végétation anormale d'un ognon de jacinthe jusqu'aux courants électriques."
},
{
"ref": "Cécile Thibaud, Les inondations en Espagne, une catastrophe prévisible, Les Echos, 1 et 3 novembre 2024",
"text": "L'inconscience règne parmi les autorités municipales qui ont laissé faire en fermant les yeux. Et ceux qui ont construit ou ont acheté ensuite sans s'interroger n'y ont rien vu d' anormal non plus."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Qui est contraire aux règles qui paraissent régir son genre ou son espèce."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Exemples en français"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "journal 20 minutes, édition Paris-IDF, 28 septembre 2022, page 6",
"text": "Il n’est quand même pas anormal que la cellule interne qui s’occupe des violences sexuelles s’autosaisisse, quand elle est en copie, d’une lettre de suicide."
},
{
"ref": "Jean-Jacques Lavenue, Bruno Villalba, Vidéo-surveillance et détection automatique des comportements anormaux, 2011",
"text": "Ce n’est pas une simple question d’innovation technique, mais aussi une question de compréhension de l’organisation générale dans laquelle s’insère une telle définition d’un comportement anormal."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Qui dépasse la mesure commune."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\a.nɔʁ.mal\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\a.nɔʁ.mal\\",
"rhymes": "\\al\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\a.nɔʁ.mal\\"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-anormal.ogg",
"ipa": "a.nɔʁ.mal",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/Fr-anormal.ogg/Fr-anormal.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fr-anormal.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-anormal.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-anormal.wav.mp3",
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],
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},
{
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"France (Vosges)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-anormal.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Helenou66-anormal.wav",
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"raw_tags": [
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],
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}
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "unnormal"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "abnormal"
},
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "direizh"
},
{
"lang": "Croate",
"lang_code": "hr",
"word": "abnormalan"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "anómalo"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "extraño"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "anormal"
},
{
"lang": "Grec",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "anómalos",
"word": "ανώμαλος"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "abnorme"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "anormale"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgeois",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "anormal"
},
{
"lang": "Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yìcháng",
"traditional_writing": "異常",
"word": "异常"
},
{
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "nienormalny"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "ненормальный"
},
{
"lang": "Same du Nord",
"lang_code": "se",
"word": "eahpedábálaš"
},
{
"lang": "Slovaque",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "abnormálny"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "abnorm"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainien",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "anormalʹnyï",
"word": "анормальний"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"word": "אומנאָרמאַל"
}
],
"word": "anormal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lemmes en français",
"Mots en français issus d’un mot en latin",
"Noms communs en français",
"Rimes en français en \\al\\",
"Traductions en allemand",
"Traductions en croate",
"Traductions en italien",
"français"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Emprunté au XIIᵉ siècle au latin médiéval anormalis (« contraire à la règle »), lui-même formé sur le latin norma (« règle, équerre » puis « règle, ligne de conduite »), avec sans doute influence sémantique d’anomalus (« anomal ») ^([1])."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "anormaux",
"ipas": [
"\\a.nɔʁ.mo\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "anormale",
"source": "form line template 'équiv-pour'",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun 1",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Exemples en français"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Un anormal."
},
{
"ref": "Alfred Binet, Théodore Simon, Les enfants anormaux: guide pour l’admission des enfants anormaux dans les classes de perfectionnement, 1907",
"text": "Il se peut qu’un directeur qui a un anormal dans son école s’abstienne de le signaler."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Personne dont l’état ou le comportement n’est pas normal."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\a.nɔʁ.mal\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\a.nɔʁ.mal\\",
"rhymes": "\\al\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\a.nɔʁ.mal\\"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-anormal.ogg",
"ipa": "a.nɔʁ.mal",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/Fr-anormal.ogg/Fr-anormal.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fr-anormal.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-anormal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-anormal.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-anormal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-anormal.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-anormal.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Suisse (canton du Valais)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-anormal.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-anormal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-anormal.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-anormal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-anormal.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-anormal.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"France (Vosges)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-anormal.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Helenou66-anormal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/LL-Q150_(fra)-Helenou66-anormal.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Helenou66-anormal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/LL-Q150_(fra)-Helenou66-anormal.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Helenou66-anormal.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans (France)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Helenou66-anormal.wav"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Unnormale"
},
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Unnormaler"
},
{
"lang": "Croate",
"lang_code": "hr",
"word": "abnormalna osoba"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "anormale"
}
],
"word": "anormal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lemmes en français",
"Mots en français issus d’un mot en latin",
"Noms communs en français",
"Rimes en français en \\al\\",
"Traductions en allemand",
"Traductions en anglais",
"Traductions en catalan",
"Traductions en espagnol",
"Traductions en ido",
"Traductions en indonésien",
"français"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Emprunté au XIIᵉ siècle au latin médiéval anormalis (« contraire à la règle »), lui-même formé sur le latin norma (« règle, équerre » puis « règle, ligne de conduite »), avec sans doute influence sémantique d’anomalus (« anomal ») ^([1])."
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun 2",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Exemples en français"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Ludovic Naudeau, La France se regarde : Le Problème de la natalité, Librairie Hachette, Paris, 1931",
"text": "L’habitude est devenue ici une seconde nature. L’anormal est considéré ici comme le normal."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ce qui est contraire à la norme, à la règle habituelle ou commune."
],
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\a.nɔʁ.mal\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\a.nɔʁ.mal\\",
"rhymes": "\\al\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\a.nɔʁ.mal\\"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-anormal.ogg",
"ipa": "a.nɔʁ.mal",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/Fr-anormal.ogg/Fr-anormal.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fr-anormal.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-anormal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-anormal.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-anormal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-anormal.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-anormal.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Suisse (canton du Valais)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-anormal.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-anormal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-anormal.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-anormal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-anormal.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-anormal.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"France (Vosges)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-anormal.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Helenou66-anormal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/LL-Q150_(fra)-Helenou66-anormal.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Helenou66-anormal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/LL-Q150_(fra)-Helenou66-anormal.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Helenou66-anormal.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans (France)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Helenou66-anormal.wav"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Abnorme"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "abnormal"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "anormal"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "anormal"
},
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"word": "nenormala"
},
{
"lang": "Indonésien",
"lang_code": "id",
"word": "abnormal"
}
],
"word": "anormal"
}
Download raw JSONL data for anormal meaning in Français (12.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Français dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-29 from the frwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.