See espionnage in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "apigeonnes"
},
{
"word": "apigeonnés"
},
{
"word": "épigeonnas"
},
{
"word": "Gapennoise"
},
{
"word": "gapennoise"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Crimes et délits en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dérivations en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mots en français suffixés avec -age",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en allemand",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en basque",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en bulgare",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en catalan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en danois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en espagnol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en espéranto",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en finnois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en gallo",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en grec",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en hongrois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en ido",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en italien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en norvégien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en néerlandais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en polonais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en portugais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en roumain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en russe",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en suédois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en tamoul",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en tchèque",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en turc",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en ukrainien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en wallon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Français",
"orig": "français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "contre-espionnage"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"orthographe rectifiée de 1990"
],
"word": "contrespionnage"
},
{
"word": "cyberespionnage"
},
{
"word": "espionnage industriel"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "espionage"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "espionatge"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "espionaje"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Dérivé de espionner, avec le suffixe -age."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "espionnages",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français du renseignement",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Octave Mirbeau La Mort de Balzac, 1907",
"text": "Il déroulait les curiosités, dépistait les espionnages, se servant de ses amis, sans qu'ils se doutassent du rôle qu'il leur faisait jouer."
},
{
"ref": "Gaston Leroux, Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, 1910",
"text": "Je venais de me dire, en effet, que ma poursuite était tout à fait incorrecte et que la façon d’espionnage à laquelle je me livrais était indigne de moi."
},
{
"ref": "Jacques Mortane, Missions spéciales, 1933, page 31",
"text": "Deux jours après, je passai devant le conseil de guerre, qui, après plaidoirie d'un avoué allemand, me condamna à mort pour espionnage […]."
},
{
"ref": "Alain, Souvenirs de guerre, Hartmann, 1937, page 207",
"text": "Mais cette scolastique de l’espionnage, et la méthode si raisonnable des recoupements, enivrent ceux qui y participent, et encore plus ceux qui les ont inventées."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Action d’espionner, d'utiliser un ou des espions ; métier d’espion."
],
"id": "fr-espionnage-fr-noun-n45Lrt8G",
"topics": [
"information"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ɛs.pjɔ.naʒ\\"
},
{
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"raw_tags": [
"France (Vosges)"
],
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},
{
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"raw_tags": [
"France"
],
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{
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],
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],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spionage"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "espionage"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "spying"
},
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"word": "espioitza"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgare",
"lang_code": "bg",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шпионаж"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "espionatge"
},
{
"lang": "Danois",
"lang_code": "da",
"tags": [
"common"
],
"word": "spionage"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "espionaje"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "inteligencia"
},
{
"lang": "Espéranto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"word": "spionado"
},
{
"lang": "Finnois",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "vakoilu"
},
{
"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "gallo",
"word": "aghetterie"
},
{
"lang": "Grec",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "kataskopía",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κατασκοπία"
},
{
"lang": "Hongrois",
"lang_code": "hu",
"word": "kémkedés"
},
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"word": "spiono"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spionaggio"
},
{
"lang": "Néerlandais",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "spionage"
},
{
"lang": "Norvégien",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "spionasje"
},
{
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "szpiegostwo"
},
{
"lang": "Portugais",
"lang_code": "pt",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "espionagem"
},
{
"lang": "Roumain",
"lang_code": "ro",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spionaj"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шпионаж"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "spionage"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "spioneri"
},
{
"lang": "Tamoul",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "uḷavu",
"word": "உளவு"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "špionáž"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "vyzvědačství"
},
{
"lang": "Turc",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "casusluk"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainien",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "špyhunstvo",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "шпигунство"
},
{
"lang": "Wallon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"word": "båcreye"
}
],
"word": "espionnage"
}
{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "apigeonnes"
},
{
"word": "apigeonnés"
},
{
"word": "épigeonnas"
},
{
"word": "Gapennoise"
},
{
"word": "gapennoise"
}
],
"categories": [
"Crimes et délits en français",
"Dérivations en français",
"Lemmes en français",
"Mots en français suffixés avec -age",
"Noms communs en français",
"Traductions en allemand",
"Traductions en anglais",
"Traductions en basque",
"Traductions en bulgare",
"Traductions en catalan",
"Traductions en danois",
"Traductions en espagnol",
"Traductions en espéranto",
"Traductions en finnois",
"Traductions en gallo",
"Traductions en grec",
"Traductions en hongrois",
"Traductions en ido",
"Traductions en italien",
"Traductions en norvégien",
"Traductions en néerlandais",
"Traductions en polonais",
"Traductions en portugais",
"Traductions en roumain",
"Traductions en russe",
"Traductions en suédois",
"Traductions en tamoul",
"Traductions en tchèque",
"Traductions en turc",
"Traductions en ukrainien",
"Traductions en wallon",
"français"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "contre-espionnage"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"orthographe rectifiée de 1990"
],
"word": "contrespionnage"
},
{
"word": "cyberespionnage"
},
{
"word": "espionnage industriel"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "espionage"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "espionatge"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "espionaje"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Dérivé de espionner, avec le suffixe -age."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "espionnages",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Exemples en français",
"Lexique en français du renseignement"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Octave Mirbeau La Mort de Balzac, 1907",
"text": "Il déroulait les curiosités, dépistait les espionnages, se servant de ses amis, sans qu'ils se doutassent du rôle qu'il leur faisait jouer."
},
{
"ref": "Gaston Leroux, Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, 1910",
"text": "Je venais de me dire, en effet, que ma poursuite était tout à fait incorrecte et que la façon d’espionnage à laquelle je me livrais était indigne de moi."
},
{
"ref": "Jacques Mortane, Missions spéciales, 1933, page 31",
"text": "Deux jours après, je passai devant le conseil de guerre, qui, après plaidoirie d'un avoué allemand, me condamna à mort pour espionnage […]."
},
{
"ref": "Alain, Souvenirs de guerre, Hartmann, 1937, page 207",
"text": "Mais cette scolastique de l’espionnage, et la méthode si raisonnable des recoupements, enivrent ceux qui y participent, et encore plus ceux qui les ont inventées."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Action d’espionner, d'utiliser un ou des espions ; métier d’espion."
],
"topics": [
"information"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ɛs.pjɔ.naʒ\\"
},
{
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{
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"raw_tags": [
"Suisse (Lausanne)"
],
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],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spionage"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "espionage"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "spying"
},
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"word": "espioitza"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgare",
"lang_code": "bg",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шпионаж"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "espionatge"
},
{
"lang": "Danois",
"lang_code": "da",
"tags": [
"common"
],
"word": "spionage"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "espionaje"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "inteligencia"
},
{
"lang": "Espéranto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"word": "spionado"
},
{
"lang": "Finnois",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "vakoilu"
},
{
"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "gallo",
"word": "aghetterie"
},
{
"lang": "Grec",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "kataskopía",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κατασκοπία"
},
{
"lang": "Hongrois",
"lang_code": "hu",
"word": "kémkedés"
},
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"word": "spiono"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spionaggio"
},
{
"lang": "Néerlandais",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "spionage"
},
{
"lang": "Norvégien",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "spionasje"
},
{
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "szpiegostwo"
},
{
"lang": "Portugais",
"lang_code": "pt",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "espionagem"
},
{
"lang": "Roumain",
"lang_code": "ro",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spionaj"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шпионаж"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "spionage"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "spioneri"
},
{
"lang": "Tamoul",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "uḷavu",
"word": "உளவு"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "špionáž"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "vyzvědačství"
},
{
"lang": "Turc",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "casusluk"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainien",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "špyhunstvo",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "шпигунство"
},
{
"lang": "Wallon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"word": "båcreye"
}
],
"word": "espionnage"
}
Download raw JSONL data for espionnage meaning in Français (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Français dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-29 from the frwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.