See turbulence on Wiktionary
{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "élucubrent"
}
],
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "laminarité"
}
],
"attestations": [
{
"date": "Siècle à préciser"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dates manquantes en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mots en français issus d’un mot en latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en allemand",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en chinois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en croate",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en danois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en finnois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en ido",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en italien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en songhaï koyraboro senni",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Français",
"orig": "français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "microturbulence"
},
{
"word": "turbulence par temps clair"
},
{
"word": "zone de turbulence"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du latin turbulentus (« turbulent, agité, troublé »)."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbulences",
"ipas": [
"\\tyʁ.by.lɑ̃s\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"related": [
{
"word": "turbulent"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
89,
99
]
],
"ref": "Voyage en Égypte et en Syrie : « État politique de la Syrie », chap. 6, tome 3 de Œuvres de C.-F. Volney, comte et pair de France, Bruxelles : chez Auguste Wahlen & Cⁱᵉ, 1823, page 63",
"text": "[…] ; s'ils marchent, c'est posément et pour affaires; et ils ne conçoivent rien à notre turbulence et à nos promenades en long et en large; toujours assis, ils passent des journées entières rêvant, les jambes croisées, la pipe à la bouche, […]."
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
103,
113
]
],
"ref": "Augustin Thierry, Récits des temps mérovingiens, 2ᵉ récit : Suites du meurtre de Galeswinthe — Guerre civile — Mort de Sighebert (568-575), 1833 - éd. Union Générale d’Édition, 1965",
"text": "En effet, si les armées des rois mérovingiens étaient d’ordinaire sans discipline, celle-là passait en turbulence farouche tout ce qu’on avait vu depuis l’époque des grandes invasions."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Caractère de celui qui est turbulent."
],
"id": "fr-turbulence-fr-noun-0AggR6qY"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français de la physique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
56
]
],
"ref": "Silure : pêche active aux leurres, in Le Chasseur français, juillet 2015",
"text": "Le silure dépasse sa proie pour provoquer une turbulence qui va la déséquilibrer puis revient vers elle pour l'engamer en ouvrant largement la gueule, créant ainsi un appel d'eau qui aspirera la victime."
}
],
"glosses": [
"État d’un fluide, liquide ou gaz, dans lequel la vitesse présente en tout point un caractère tourbillonnaire."
],
"id": "fr-turbulence-fr-noun-RKFKdHfy",
"tags": [
"physical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\tyʁ.by.lɑ̃s\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-turbulence.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-turbulence.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-turbulence.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-turbulence.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-turbulence.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"France (Lyon)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-turbulence.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Sartus85-turbulence.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/LL-Q150_(fra)-Sartus85-turbulence.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Sartus85-turbulence.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/LL-Q150_(fra)-Sartus85-turbulence.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Sartus85-turbulence.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Vendée (France)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Sartus85-turbulence.wav"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Chinois",
"lang_code": "zh",
"roman": "sāoluàn",
"sense": "caractère agité",
"traditional_writing": "騷亂",
"word": "骚乱"
},
{
"lang": "Croate",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense": "caractère agité",
"word": "nemir"
},
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"word": "Turbulenz"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"word": "turbulence"
},
{
"lang": "Chinois",
"lang_code": "zh",
"roman": "tuāndòng",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"traditional_writing": "湍動",
"word": "湍动"
},
{
"lang": "Chinois",
"lang_code": "zh",
"roman": "wěnliú",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"word": "紊流"
},
{
"lang": "Croate",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"word": "turbulentno stanje"
},
{
"lang": "Danois",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"word": "turbulens"
},
{
"lang": "Finnois",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"word": "turbulenssi"
},
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"word": "petulemeso"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "turbolenza"
},
{
"lang": "Songhaï koyraboro senni",
"lang_code": "ses",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"word": "addaawa"
}
],
"word": "turbulence"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en anglais de l’aéronautique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Anglais",
"orig": "anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"→ voir turbulent et -ce"
],
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"related": [
{
"topics": [
"aeronautics"
],
"translation": "trou d'air",
"word": "air pocket"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en anglais à traduire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
105,
115
]
],
"text": "The pilot asked the passengers to buckle their seat belts, because the plane was going to enter some air turbulence."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Turbulence."
],
"id": "fr-turbulence-en-noun-z-Forr3k"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en anglais de la physique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Turbulence."
],
"id": "fr-turbulence-en-noun-z-Forr3k1",
"tags": [
"physical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ˈtɜː.bjə.ləns\\",
"raw_tags": [
"Royaume-Uni"
]
},
{
"ipa": "\\ˈtɝ.bjə.ləns\\",
"raw_tags": [
"États-Unis"
]
},
{
"ipa": "\\ˈtɜː.bjə.ləns\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\ˈtɝ.bjə.ləns\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-turbulence.wav",
"ipa": "[ˈtɝ.bjə.ləns]",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vininn126-turbulence.wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vininn126-turbulence.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vininn126-turbulence.wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vininn126-turbulence.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"(États-Unis)",
"États-Unis"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-turbulence.wav"
}
],
"word": "turbulence"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lemmes en anglais",
"Lexique en anglais de l’aéronautique",
"Noms communs en anglais",
"anglais"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"→ voir turbulent et -ce"
],
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"related": [
{
"topics": [
"aeronautics"
],
"translation": "trou d'air",
"word": "air pocket"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Exemples en anglais",
"Exemples en anglais à traduire"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
105,
115
]
],
"text": "The pilot asked the passengers to buckle their seat belts, because the plane was going to enter some air turbulence."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Turbulence."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en anglais de la physique"
],
"glosses": [
"Turbulence."
],
"tags": [
"physical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ˈtɜː.bjə.ləns\\",
"raw_tags": [
"Royaume-Uni"
]
},
{
"ipa": "\\ˈtɝ.bjə.ləns\\",
"raw_tags": [
"États-Unis"
]
},
{
"ipa": "\\ˈtɜː.bjə.ləns\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\ˈtɝ.bjə.ləns\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-turbulence.wav",
"ipa": "[ˈtɝ.bjə.ləns]",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vininn126-turbulence.wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vininn126-turbulence.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vininn126-turbulence.wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vininn126-turbulence.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"(États-Unis)",
"États-Unis"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-turbulence.wav"
}
],
"word": "turbulence"
}
{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "élucubrent"
}
],
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "laminarité"
}
],
"attestations": [
{
"date": "Siècle à préciser"
}
],
"categories": [
"Dates manquantes en français",
"Lemmes en français",
"Mots en français issus d’un mot en latin",
"Noms communs en français",
"Traductions en allemand",
"Traductions en anglais",
"Traductions en chinois",
"Traductions en croate",
"Traductions en danois",
"Traductions en finnois",
"Traductions en ido",
"Traductions en italien",
"Traductions en songhaï koyraboro senni",
"français"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "microturbulence"
},
{
"word": "turbulence par temps clair"
},
{
"word": "zone de turbulence"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du latin turbulentus (« turbulent, agité, troublé »)."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbulences",
"ipas": [
"\\tyʁ.by.lɑ̃s\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"related": [
{
"word": "turbulent"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Exemples en français"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
89,
99
]
],
"ref": "Voyage en Égypte et en Syrie : « État politique de la Syrie », chap. 6, tome 3 de Œuvres de C.-F. Volney, comte et pair de France, Bruxelles : chez Auguste Wahlen & Cⁱᵉ, 1823, page 63",
"text": "[…] ; s'ils marchent, c'est posément et pour affaires; et ils ne conçoivent rien à notre turbulence et à nos promenades en long et en large; toujours assis, ils passent des journées entières rêvant, les jambes croisées, la pipe à la bouche, […]."
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
103,
113
]
],
"ref": "Augustin Thierry, Récits des temps mérovingiens, 2ᵉ récit : Suites du meurtre de Galeswinthe — Guerre civile — Mort de Sighebert (568-575), 1833 - éd. Union Générale d’Édition, 1965",
"text": "En effet, si les armées des rois mérovingiens étaient d’ordinaire sans discipline, celle-là passait en turbulence farouche tout ce qu’on avait vu depuis l’époque des grandes invasions."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Caractère de celui qui est turbulent."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Exemples en français",
"Lexique en français de la physique"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
56
]
],
"ref": "Silure : pêche active aux leurres, in Le Chasseur français, juillet 2015",
"text": "Le silure dépasse sa proie pour provoquer une turbulence qui va la déséquilibrer puis revient vers elle pour l'engamer en ouvrant largement la gueule, créant ainsi un appel d'eau qui aspirera la victime."
}
],
"glosses": [
"État d’un fluide, liquide ou gaz, dans lequel la vitesse présente en tout point un caractère tourbillonnaire."
],
"tags": [
"physical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\tyʁ.by.lɑ̃s\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-turbulence.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-turbulence.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-turbulence.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-turbulence.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-turbulence.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"France (Lyon)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-turbulence.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Sartus85-turbulence.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/LL-Q150_(fra)-Sartus85-turbulence.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Sartus85-turbulence.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/LL-Q150_(fra)-Sartus85-turbulence.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Sartus85-turbulence.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Vendée (France)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Sartus85-turbulence.wav"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Chinois",
"lang_code": "zh",
"roman": "sāoluàn",
"sense": "caractère agité",
"traditional_writing": "騷亂",
"word": "骚乱"
},
{
"lang": "Croate",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense": "caractère agité",
"word": "nemir"
},
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"word": "Turbulenz"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"word": "turbulence"
},
{
"lang": "Chinois",
"lang_code": "zh",
"roman": "tuāndòng",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"traditional_writing": "湍動",
"word": "湍动"
},
{
"lang": "Chinois",
"lang_code": "zh",
"roman": "wěnliú",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"word": "紊流"
},
{
"lang": "Croate",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"word": "turbulentno stanje"
},
{
"lang": "Danois",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"word": "turbulens"
},
{
"lang": "Finnois",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"word": "turbulenssi"
},
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"word": "petulemeso"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "turbolenza"
},
{
"lang": "Songhaï koyraboro senni",
"lang_code": "ses",
"sense": "état tourbillonnaire d'un fluide",
"word": "addaawa"
}
],
"word": "turbulence"
}
Download raw JSONL data for turbulence meaning in All languages combined (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-22 from the frwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.