See ADN on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Symboles en conventions internationales",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Conventions internationales",
"orig": "conventions internationales",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Automobile) (1937 ?)"
],
"lang": "Conventions internationales",
"lang_code": "conv",
"pos": "symbol",
"pos_title": "Symbole",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en conventions internationales de l’automobile",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Signe distinctif en trafic international des véhicules automobiles immatriculés à Aden, prescrit dans le cadre de la Convention sur la circulation routière de Genève de 1949 et de la Convention sur la signalisation routière de Vienne de 1968. Le signe persiste après la fin du protectorat britannique en 1959 ; les Nations Unies sont avisées du changement de signe pour YAR après 1999 (bien que la « République arabe du Yémen » elle-même n’existe qu’entre 1962 et 1990)."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-conv-symbol-0SGBHNpf",
"topics": [
"automobile"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"invariable"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "AND"
},
{
"word": "Dan"
},
{
"word": "dan"
},
{
"word": "NAD"
},
{
"word": "N.d.A."
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Rimes en français en \\ɛn\\",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sigles en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en afrikaans",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en allemand",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en aragonais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en asturien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en azéri",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en basque",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en bosniaque",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en breton",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en catalan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en coréen",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en croate",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en créole haïtien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en danois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en espagnol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en espéranto",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en estonien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en finnois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en flamand occidental",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en galicien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en gallois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en gaélique irlandais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en hongrois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en indonésien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en interlingua",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en islandais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en italien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en japonais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en javanais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en kapampangan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en kazakh",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en kurde",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en letton",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en lingua franca nova",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en lituanien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en lombard",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en macédonien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en malais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en mongol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en norvégien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en norvégien (nynorsk)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en novial",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en néerlandais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en occitan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en oromo",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en ourdou",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en papiamento",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en pennsilfaanisch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en persan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en piémontais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en polonais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en portugais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en roumain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en russe",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en serbe",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en sicilien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en slovène",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en soundanais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en suédois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en swahili",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en tagalog",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en tchèque",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en toki pona",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en turc",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en ukrainien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en vietnamien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en yoruba",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Français",
"orig": "français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ADN catalytique"
},
{
"word": "ADN chimère"
},
{
"word": "ADN circulaire"
},
{
"word": "ADN complémentaire"
},
{
"word": "ADN de contact"
},
{
"word": "ADN égoïste"
},
{
"word": "ADN en zigzag"
},
{
"word": "ADN espaceur"
},
{
"word": "ADN hybride"
},
{
"word": "ADN mitochondrial"
},
{
"word": "ADN non répétitif"
},
{
"word": "ADN nucléaire"
},
{
"word": "ADN polymérase"
},
{
"word": "ADN recombinant"
},
{
"word": "ADN recombiné"
},
{
"word": "ADN répétitif"
},
{
"word": "ADN satellite"
},
{
"word": "ADN superenroulé"
},
{
"word": "ADN surenroulé"
},
{
"word": "ADN-enzyme"
},
{
"word": "ADNase"
},
{
"word": "banque d’ADN complémentaire"
},
{
"word": "biopuce à ADN"
},
{
"word": "criblage d’ADN"
},
{
"word": "domaine de liaison à l’ADN"
},
{
"word": "hybride ADN-ARN"
},
{
"word": "micro-réseau à ADN"
},
{
"word": "polymorphisme de l’ADN révélé par amplification aléatoire"
},
{
"word": "protéine de liaison avec l’ADN simple brin"
},
{
"word": "puce à ADN"
},
{
"word": "réparation de l’ADN"
},
{
"word": "synthétiseur d’ADN"
},
{
"word": "transfert d’ADN"
},
{
"word": "typage de l’ADN"
},
{
"word": "virus à ADN"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Sigle) Sigle de l’Acide Désoxyribonucléique."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "acide nucléique"
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"related": [
{
"word": "ARN"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français de la biochimie",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français de la génétique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Wiener Gerald et Rouvier Roger, Amélioration génétique animale, 280 pages, 2009, Quae/CTA/Presses agronomiques de Gembloux, Agricultures en poche, page 33",
"text": "Les composants chimiques de l’ADN sont un groupement phosphate ; un sucre en C5, le désoxyribose qui donne son nom à l’ADN ; et 4 bases azotées : adénine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) et thymine (T)."
},
{
"ref": "Wiener Gerald et Rouvier Roger, Amélioration génétique animale, 280 pages, 2009, Quae/CTA/Presses agronomiques de Gembloux, Agricultures en poche, page 34",
"text": "En 1953, Watson, Crick et Wilkins ont proposé la structure en double hélice de l’ADN. La molécule d’ADN est donc organisée en 2 chaînes de nucléotides enroulées en double hélice."
},
{
"ref": "Laurent Bénégui, Mon pire ennemi est sous mon chapeau, Julliard, 2012, chapitre 18",
"text": "Quelques millimètres pesant quelques microgrammes de l’essence même de la vie. Obtenus après avoir lysé les globules blancs et séparé par centrifugation le précieux ADN du reste du matériel cellulaire."
},
{
"ref": "Meurtre : un homme confondu par un test ADN innocenté cinq ans plus tard, Le Point.fr, 30 mars 2009",
"text": "L’ADN mitochondrial, qui provient de la superficie de la cellule, peut être partagé par deux personnes sans lien de parenté, alors que le test d’ADN provenant du noyau d’une cellule semble très fiable."
},
{
"ref": "Paul Veyne, Et dans l’éternité je ne m’ennuierai pas. Souvenirs, Albin Michel, 2014, page 109",
"text": "L’ADN n’est qu’un plan d’architecte : mais qui transporte les cellules là où il faut qu’elles soient placées pour qu’elles bâtissent un estomac, un poumon, un fœtus ? Et qui a tracé le plan ? Oui, des causes finales et formelles existent, mais d’où sortent-elles et à quoi aspirent-elles ?"
},
{
"ref": "Jean-Claude Liébart et Luciano Paolozzi (éds), Microbiologie, Dunod, 2015, page 74",
"text": "Des erreurs lors de la réplication de l’ADN (mutations) ou des transferts de gènes s’accumulent à fréquence faible mais constante au cours du temps, ce qui augmente progressivement le polymorphisme au sein de chaque écotype."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Longue molécule formée de répétitions de nucléotides constitués de quatre bases différentes (adénine, guanine, thymine, cytosine) et qui supporte l’information génétique, se présentant en simple brin ou en double brin (complémentaires et antiparallèles)."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-fr-noun-GS9qkP8j",
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
],
"topics": [
"biochemistry"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Analogies en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Métaphores en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Sylvie Bédard, Le nouveau « P » du marketing : la Présence, 2010,ISBN 9782924428016, page 55",
"text": "Le futur de ce modèle d’affaires est maintenant dans les mains des successeurs de Steve Jobs, mais parions que l’ADN de Apple est désormais capable de vivre sans son fondateur."
},
{
"ref": "journal 20 minutes, édition Grand Paris, 24 juin 2022",
"text": "Stéphane Trousset insiste sur l’aspect win-win du nouvel accord : « Le solde global des épreuves reste positif. On n’avait pas la boxe, qui colle plus à l’ADN du département. C’est positif. »"
},
{
"ref": "Pierre Barthélémy, Pompéi, inépuisable trésor archéologique, Le Monde. Mis en ligne le 10 décembre 2019",
"text": "C’est dans l’ADN des archéologues de vouloir faire des découvertes et de les publier."
},
{
"ref": "Christine St-Pierre, Ici Christine St-Pierre, Septentrion, Québec, 2020, page 282",
"text": "Mais Jean Charest va plus loin; il ne comprend pas que les libéraux laissent la CAQ devenir le parti de l'économie alors qu'à ses yeux l'économie, c'est l'ADN du Parti libéral."
},
{
"ref": "Frédéric Lordon, There is no alternative, La pompe à phynance, 7 juillet 2022",
"text": "Le directeur d’HEC, qui a vu venir avec angoisse un esclandre décroissant et enrayé préventivement tout dérapage, confirme : « Je ne suis pas sûr que l’on aurait laissé un étudiant appeler à la désertion lors de la cérémonie de la remise des diplômes » (il aurait fait beau voir), avant d’invoquer « l’ADN entrepreneurial de l’école : face à des défis, on ne baisse pas les bras, on trouve des solutions », citation totale, à laquelle ne manque pas un seul de ces mots imbéciles, ADN, entrepreneurial, défi, solution, qui ont si bien fait leurs preuves jusqu’à présent, et qu’on devrait retrouver dans un cartel d’un musée du futur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Caractéristiques essentielles, indissociables de l'identité."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-fr-noun-r0Pzj9IX",
"tags": [
"analogy",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\a.de.ɛn\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\a.de.ɛn\\",
"rhymes": "\\ɛn\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\a.de.ɛn\\"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-Paris--ADN.ogg",
"ipa": "a.de.ɛn",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Fr-Paris--ADN.ogg/Fr-Paris--ADN.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fr-Paris--ADN.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"France (Île-de-France)"
]
},
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"ipa": "a.de.ɛn",
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"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fr-ADN.ogg"
},
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"raw_tags": [
"France (Vosges)"
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "acide désoxyribonucléique"
}
],
"tags": [
"invariable",
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "DNS"
},
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "DNS"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Aragonais",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Asturien",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Azéri",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "DNT"
},
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Bosniaque",
"lang_code": "bs",
"word": "DNK"
},
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "TDN"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Coréen",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Coréen",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "dienei",
"word": "디엔에이"
},
{
"lang": "Créole haïtien",
"lang_code": "ht",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Croate",
"lang_code": "hr",
"word": "DNK"
},
{
"lang": "Croate",
"lang_code": "hr",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Danois",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Espéranto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Estonien",
"lang_code": "et",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Estonien",
"lang_code": "et",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "DNH"
},
{
"lang": "Finnois",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Flamand occidental",
"lang_code": "vls",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Gaélique irlandais",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Galicien",
"lang_code": "gl",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Gallois",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Hongrois",
"lang_code": "hu",
"word": "DNS"
},
{
"lang": "Indonésien",
"lang_code": "id",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Islandais",
"lang_code": "is",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Islandais",
"lang_code": "is",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "DKS"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Japonais",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Javanais",
"lang_code": "jv",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"word": "ДНҚ"
},
{
"lang": "Kurde",
"lang_code": "ku",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Letton",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "DNS"
},
{
"lang": "Lingua franca nova",
"lang_code": "lfn",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Lituanien",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "DNR"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Macédonien",
"lang_code": "mk",
"word": "ДНК"
},
{
"lang": "Malais",
"lang_code": "ms",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Mongol",
"lang_code": "mn",
"word": "ДНХ"
},
{
"lang": "Néerlandais",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Néerlandais",
"lang_code": "nl",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "DNZ"
},
{
"lang": "Norvégien",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Norvégien (nynorsk)",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Novial",
"lang_code": "nov",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Oromo",
"lang_code": "om",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Ourdou",
"lang_code": "ur",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Papiamento",
"lang_code": "pap",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Pennsilfaanisch",
"lang_code": "pdc",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Persan",
"lang_code": "fa",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Piémontais",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Portugais",
"lang_code": "pt",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Roumain",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "ДНК"
},
{
"lang": "Serbe",
"lang_code": "sr",
"word": "ДНК"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilien",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Slovène",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Slovène",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "DNK"
},
{
"lang": "Soundanais",
"lang_code": "su",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "DNK"
},
{
"lang": "Toki pona",
"lang_code": "tok",
"word": "ijo lili unpa"
},
{
"lang": "Turc",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainien",
"lang_code": "uk",
"word": "ДНК"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamien",
"lang_code": "vi",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamien",
"lang_code": "vi",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Yoruba",
"lang_code": "yo",
"word": "DNA"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Genres manquants en aragonais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en aragonais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Aragonais",
"orig": "aragonais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "Aragonais",
"lang_code": "an",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"raw_tags": [
"genre à préciser : {{m}}, {{f}}, {{mf}}, {{n}} ?"
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en aragonais de la génétique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-an-noun-YegkqI6n",
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "azeto desoxirribonucleico"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en asturien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Asturien",
"orig": "asturien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "Asturien",
"lang_code": "ast",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en asturien de la génétique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-ast-noun-YegkqI6n",
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ácidu desoxirribonucleico"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en basque",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sigles en basque",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Basque",
"orig": "basque",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Sigle) Sigle de azido desoxirribonukleiko."
],
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en basque de la génétique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-eu-noun-YegkqI6n",
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "azido desoxirribonukleiko"
},
{
"word": "DNA"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en catalan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan",
"orig": "catalan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en catalan de la génétique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique"
],
"id": "fr-ADN-ca-noun-S7EGH3Nk",
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-ADN.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Marvives-ADN.wav/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Marvives-ADN.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Marvives-ADN.wav/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Marvives-ADN.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Barcelone (Espagne)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-ADN.wav"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "àcid desoxiribonucleic"
},
{
"word": "DNA"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en créole haïtien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sigles en créole haïtien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Créole haïtien",
"orig": "créole haïtien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Sigle) Sigle de asid dezoksiribo nikleyik."
],
"lang": "Créole haïtien",
"lang_code": "ht",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en créole haïtien de la génétique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-ht-noun-YegkqI6n",
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\a.de.jɛn\\"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "asid dezoksiribo nikleyik"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en espagnol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en espagnol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sigles en espagnol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Espagnol",
"orig": "espagnol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Sigle) Abréviation de ácido desoxirribonucleico."
],
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en espagnol de la génétique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-es-noun-YegkqI6n",
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ácido desoxirribonucleico"
},
{
"word": "DNA"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en estrémègne",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sigles en estrémègne",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estrémègne",
"orig": "estrémègne",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Sigle) Abréviation de aceu desoxirribonucleicu."
],
"lang": "Estrémègne",
"lang_code": "ext",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en estrémègne de la génétique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-ext-noun-YegkqI6n",
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aceu desoxirribonucleicu"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en gaélique irlandais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en gaélique irlandais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gaélique irlandais",
"orig": "gaélique irlandais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "Gaélique irlandais",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en gaélique irlandais de la génétique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-ga-noun-YegkqI6n",
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"word": "aigéad dí-ocsairibeanúicléasach"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en galicien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galicien",
"orig": "galicien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "Galicien",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en galicien de la génétique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-gl-noun-YegkqI6n",
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ácido desoxirribonucleico"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en interlingua",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sigles en interlingua",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Interlingua",
"orig": "interlingua",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Sigle) Abréviation de acido deoxyribonucleic."
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en interlingua de la génétique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-ia-noun-YegkqI6n",
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "acido deoxyribonucleic"
},
{
"word": "DNA"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "DNA"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms propres en italien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italien",
"orig": "italien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Sigle de Autodeterminazione."
],
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "name",
"pos_title": "Nom propre",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en italien de la politique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wiktionnaire:Exemples manquants en italien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Abréviation de Autodeterminazione, nom d’un parti politique italien."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-it-name-Bvk1evSF",
"topics": [
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ˌa.ˌdi.ˈɛn.ne\\"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en lingua franca nova",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sigles en lingua franca nova",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lingua franca nova",
"orig": "lingua franca nova",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Sigle) Abréviation de asida desosiribonucleal."
],
"lang": "Lingua franca nova",
"lang_code": "lfn",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en lingua franca nova de la génétique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wiktionnaire:Exemples manquants en lingua franca nova",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ADN."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-lfn-noun-dxQWv6qq",
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "asida desosiribonucleal"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en occitan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Occitan",
"orig": "occitan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en occitan de la génétique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-oc-noun-YegkqI6n",
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "acid desoxiribonucleïc"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Genres manquants en papiamento",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en papiamento",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Papiamento",
"orig": "papiamento",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "Papiamento",
"lang_code": "pap",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"raw_tags": [
"genre à préciser : {{m}}, {{f}}, {{mf}}, {{n}} ?"
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en papiamento de la génétique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-pap-noun-YegkqI6n",
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ásido desoksiribonukleiko"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en portugais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en portugais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portugais",
"orig": "portugais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "Portugais",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en portugais de la génétique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-pt-noun-YegkqI6n",
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ácido desoxirribonucleico"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en roumain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Roumain",
"orig": "roumain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "Roumain",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en roumain de la génétique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-ro-noun-YegkqI6n",
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ˌa ˌde ˈene\\"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "acid dezoxiribonucleic"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mots en vietnamien issus d’un mot en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en vietnamien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sigles en vietnamien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamien",
"orig": "vietnamien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Sigle) Emprunté au français."
],
"lang": "Vietnamien",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en vietnamien de la génétique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"id": "fr-ADN-vi-noun-YegkqI6n",
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ADN.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/LL-Q9199_(vie)-Jessica_Nguyen_(Pamputt)-ADN.wav/LL-Q9199_(vie)-Jessica_Nguyen_(Pamputt)-ADN.wav.mp3",
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"raw_tags": [
"Viêt Nam (Hô-Chi-Minh-Ville)"
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "acid deoxyribonucleic"
},
{
"word": "DNA"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
"Genres manquants en aragonais",
"Noms communs en aragonais",
"aragonais"
],
"lang": "Aragonais",
"lang_code": "an",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"raw_tags": [
"genre à préciser : {{m}}, {{f}}, {{mf}}, {{n}} ?"
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en aragonais de la génétique"
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "azeto desoxirribonucleico"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
"Noms communs en asturien",
"asturien"
],
"lang": "Asturien",
"lang_code": "ast",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en asturien de la génétique"
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ácidu desoxirribonucleico"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
"Noms communs en basque",
"Sigles en basque",
"basque"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Sigle) Sigle de azido desoxirribonukleiko."
],
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en basque de la génétique"
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "azido desoxirribonukleiko"
},
{
"word": "DNA"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
"Noms communs en catalan",
"catalan"
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en catalan de la génétique"
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique"
],
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-ADN.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Marvives-ADN.wav/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Marvives-ADN.wav.mp3",
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"raw_tags": [
"Barcelone (Espagne)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-ADN.wav"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "àcid desoxiribonucleic"
},
{
"word": "DNA"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
"Symboles en conventions internationales",
"conventions internationales"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Automobile) (1937 ?)"
],
"lang": "Conventions internationales",
"lang_code": "conv",
"pos": "symbol",
"pos_title": "Symbole",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en conventions internationales de l’automobile"
],
"glosses": [
"Signe distinctif en trafic international des véhicules automobiles immatriculés à Aden, prescrit dans le cadre de la Convention sur la circulation routière de Genève de 1949 et de la Convention sur la signalisation routière de Vienne de 1968. Le signe persiste après la fin du protectorat britannique en 1959 ; les Nations Unies sont avisées du changement de signe pour YAR après 1999 (bien que la « République arabe du Yémen » elle-même n’existe qu’entre 1962 et 1990)."
],
"topics": [
"automobile"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"invariable"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
"Noms communs en créole haïtien",
"Sigles en créole haïtien",
"créole haïtien"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Sigle) Sigle de asid dezoksiribo nikleyik."
],
"lang": "Créole haïtien",
"lang_code": "ht",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en créole haïtien de la génétique"
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\a.de.jɛn\\"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "asid dezoksiribo nikleyik"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lemmes en espagnol",
"Noms communs en espagnol",
"Sigles en espagnol",
"espagnol"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Sigle) Abréviation de ácido desoxirribonucleico."
],
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en espagnol de la génétique"
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ácido desoxirribonucleico"
},
{
"word": "DNA"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
"Noms communs en estrémègne",
"Sigles en estrémègne",
"estrémègne"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Sigle) Abréviation de aceu desoxirribonucleicu."
],
"lang": "Estrémègne",
"lang_code": "ext",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en estrémègne de la génétique"
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aceu desoxirribonucleicu"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "AND"
},
{
"word": "Dan"
},
{
"word": "dan"
},
{
"word": "NAD"
},
{
"word": "N.d.A."
}
],
"categories": [
"Lemmes en français",
"Noms communs en français",
"Rimes en français en \\ɛn\\",
"Sigles en français",
"Traductions en afrikaans",
"Traductions en allemand",
"Traductions en anglais",
"Traductions en aragonais",
"Traductions en asturien",
"Traductions en azéri",
"Traductions en basque",
"Traductions en bosniaque",
"Traductions en breton",
"Traductions en catalan",
"Traductions en coréen",
"Traductions en croate",
"Traductions en créole haïtien",
"Traductions en danois",
"Traductions en espagnol",
"Traductions en espéranto",
"Traductions en estonien",
"Traductions en finnois",
"Traductions en flamand occidental",
"Traductions en galicien",
"Traductions en gallois",
"Traductions en gaélique irlandais",
"Traductions en hongrois",
"Traductions en indonésien",
"Traductions en interlingua",
"Traductions en islandais",
"Traductions en italien",
"Traductions en japonais",
"Traductions en javanais",
"Traductions en kapampangan",
"Traductions en kazakh",
"Traductions en kurde",
"Traductions en letton",
"Traductions en lingua franca nova",
"Traductions en lituanien",
"Traductions en lombard",
"Traductions en macédonien",
"Traductions en malais",
"Traductions en mongol",
"Traductions en norvégien",
"Traductions en norvégien (nynorsk)",
"Traductions en novial",
"Traductions en néerlandais",
"Traductions en occitan",
"Traductions en oromo",
"Traductions en ourdou",
"Traductions en papiamento",
"Traductions en pennsilfaanisch",
"Traductions en persan",
"Traductions en piémontais",
"Traductions en polonais",
"Traductions en portugais",
"Traductions en roumain",
"Traductions en russe",
"Traductions en serbe",
"Traductions en sicilien",
"Traductions en slovène",
"Traductions en soundanais",
"Traductions en suédois",
"Traductions en swahili",
"Traductions en tagalog",
"Traductions en tchèque",
"Traductions en toki pona",
"Traductions en turc",
"Traductions en ukrainien",
"Traductions en vietnamien",
"Traductions en yoruba",
"français"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ADN catalytique"
},
{
"word": "ADN chimère"
},
{
"word": "ADN circulaire"
},
{
"word": "ADN complémentaire"
},
{
"word": "ADN de contact"
},
{
"word": "ADN égoïste"
},
{
"word": "ADN en zigzag"
},
{
"word": "ADN espaceur"
},
{
"word": "ADN hybride"
},
{
"word": "ADN mitochondrial"
},
{
"word": "ADN non répétitif"
},
{
"word": "ADN nucléaire"
},
{
"word": "ADN polymérase"
},
{
"word": "ADN recombinant"
},
{
"word": "ADN recombiné"
},
{
"word": "ADN répétitif"
},
{
"word": "ADN satellite"
},
{
"word": "ADN superenroulé"
},
{
"word": "ADN surenroulé"
},
{
"word": "ADN-enzyme"
},
{
"word": "ADNase"
},
{
"word": "banque d’ADN complémentaire"
},
{
"word": "biopuce à ADN"
},
{
"word": "criblage d’ADN"
},
{
"word": "domaine de liaison à l’ADN"
},
{
"word": "hybride ADN-ARN"
},
{
"word": "micro-réseau à ADN"
},
{
"word": "polymorphisme de l’ADN révélé par amplification aléatoire"
},
{
"word": "protéine de liaison avec l’ADN simple brin"
},
{
"word": "puce à ADN"
},
{
"word": "réparation de l’ADN"
},
{
"word": "synthétiseur d’ADN"
},
{
"word": "transfert d’ADN"
},
{
"word": "typage de l’ADN"
},
{
"word": "virus à ADN"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Sigle) Sigle de l’Acide Désoxyribonucléique."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "acide nucléique"
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"related": [
{
"word": "ARN"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Exemples en français",
"Lexique en français de la biochimie",
"Lexique en français de la génétique"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Wiener Gerald et Rouvier Roger, Amélioration génétique animale, 280 pages, 2009, Quae/CTA/Presses agronomiques de Gembloux, Agricultures en poche, page 33",
"text": "Les composants chimiques de l’ADN sont un groupement phosphate ; un sucre en C5, le désoxyribose qui donne son nom à l’ADN ; et 4 bases azotées : adénine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) et thymine (T)."
},
{
"ref": "Wiener Gerald et Rouvier Roger, Amélioration génétique animale, 280 pages, 2009, Quae/CTA/Presses agronomiques de Gembloux, Agricultures en poche, page 34",
"text": "En 1953, Watson, Crick et Wilkins ont proposé la structure en double hélice de l’ADN. La molécule d’ADN est donc organisée en 2 chaînes de nucléotides enroulées en double hélice."
},
{
"ref": "Laurent Bénégui, Mon pire ennemi est sous mon chapeau, Julliard, 2012, chapitre 18",
"text": "Quelques millimètres pesant quelques microgrammes de l’essence même de la vie. Obtenus après avoir lysé les globules blancs et séparé par centrifugation le précieux ADN du reste du matériel cellulaire."
},
{
"ref": "Meurtre : un homme confondu par un test ADN innocenté cinq ans plus tard, Le Point.fr, 30 mars 2009",
"text": "L’ADN mitochondrial, qui provient de la superficie de la cellule, peut être partagé par deux personnes sans lien de parenté, alors que le test d’ADN provenant du noyau d’une cellule semble très fiable."
},
{
"ref": "Paul Veyne, Et dans l’éternité je ne m’ennuierai pas. Souvenirs, Albin Michel, 2014, page 109",
"text": "L’ADN n’est qu’un plan d’architecte : mais qui transporte les cellules là où il faut qu’elles soient placées pour qu’elles bâtissent un estomac, un poumon, un fœtus ? Et qui a tracé le plan ? Oui, des causes finales et formelles existent, mais d’où sortent-elles et à quoi aspirent-elles ?"
},
{
"ref": "Jean-Claude Liébart et Luciano Paolozzi (éds), Microbiologie, Dunod, 2015, page 74",
"text": "Des erreurs lors de la réplication de l’ADN (mutations) ou des transferts de gènes s’accumulent à fréquence faible mais constante au cours du temps, ce qui augmente progressivement le polymorphisme au sein de chaque écotype."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Longue molécule formée de répétitions de nucléotides constitués de quatre bases différentes (adénine, guanine, thymine, cytosine) et qui supporte l’information génétique, se présentant en simple brin ou en double brin (complémentaires et antiparallèles)."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
],
"topics": [
"biochemistry"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Analogies en français",
"Exemples en français",
"Métaphores en français"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Sylvie Bédard, Le nouveau « P » du marketing : la Présence, 2010,ISBN 9782924428016, page 55",
"text": "Le futur de ce modèle d’affaires est maintenant dans les mains des successeurs de Steve Jobs, mais parions que l’ADN de Apple est désormais capable de vivre sans son fondateur."
},
{
"ref": "journal 20 minutes, édition Grand Paris, 24 juin 2022",
"text": "Stéphane Trousset insiste sur l’aspect win-win du nouvel accord : « Le solde global des épreuves reste positif. On n’avait pas la boxe, qui colle plus à l’ADN du département. C’est positif. »"
},
{
"ref": "Pierre Barthélémy, Pompéi, inépuisable trésor archéologique, Le Monde. Mis en ligne le 10 décembre 2019",
"text": "C’est dans l’ADN des archéologues de vouloir faire des découvertes et de les publier."
},
{
"ref": "Christine St-Pierre, Ici Christine St-Pierre, Septentrion, Québec, 2020, page 282",
"text": "Mais Jean Charest va plus loin; il ne comprend pas que les libéraux laissent la CAQ devenir le parti de l'économie alors qu'à ses yeux l'économie, c'est l'ADN du Parti libéral."
},
{
"ref": "Frédéric Lordon, There is no alternative, La pompe à phynance, 7 juillet 2022",
"text": "Le directeur d’HEC, qui a vu venir avec angoisse un esclandre décroissant et enrayé préventivement tout dérapage, confirme : « Je ne suis pas sûr que l’on aurait laissé un étudiant appeler à la désertion lors de la cérémonie de la remise des diplômes » (il aurait fait beau voir), avant d’invoquer « l’ADN entrepreneurial de l’école : face à des défis, on ne baisse pas les bras, on trouve des solutions », citation totale, à laquelle ne manque pas un seul de ces mots imbéciles, ADN, entrepreneurial, défi, solution, qui ont si bien fait leurs preuves jusqu’à présent, et qu’on devrait retrouver dans un cartel d’un musée du futur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Caractéristiques essentielles, indissociables de l'identité."
],
"tags": [
"analogy",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\a.de.ɛn\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\a.de.ɛn\\",
"rhymes": "\\ɛn\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\a.de.ɛn\\"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-Paris--ADN.ogg",
"ipa": "a.de.ɛn",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Fr-Paris--ADN.ogg/Fr-Paris--ADN.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fr-Paris--ADN.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"France (Île-de-France)"
]
},
{
"audio": "Fr-ADN.ogg",
"ipa": "a.de.ɛn",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Fr-ADN.ogg/Fr-ADN.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fr-ADN.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-ADN.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q150_(fra)-LoquaxFR-ADN.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-LoquaxFR-ADN.wav.mp3",
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"raw_tags": [
"France (Vosges)"
],
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lepticed7-ADN.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lepticed7-ADN.wav.mp3",
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],
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "acide désoxyribonucléique"
}
],
"tags": [
"invariable",
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "DNS"
},
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "DNS"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Aragonais",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Asturien",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Azéri",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "DNT"
},
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Bosniaque",
"lang_code": "bs",
"word": "DNK"
},
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "TDN"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Coréen",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Coréen",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "dienei",
"word": "디엔에이"
},
{
"lang": "Créole haïtien",
"lang_code": "ht",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Croate",
"lang_code": "hr",
"word": "DNK"
},
{
"lang": "Croate",
"lang_code": "hr",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Danois",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Espéranto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Estonien",
"lang_code": "et",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Estonien",
"lang_code": "et",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "DNH"
},
{
"lang": "Finnois",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Flamand occidental",
"lang_code": "vls",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Gaélique irlandais",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Galicien",
"lang_code": "gl",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Gallois",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Hongrois",
"lang_code": "hu",
"word": "DNS"
},
{
"lang": "Indonésien",
"lang_code": "id",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Islandais",
"lang_code": "is",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Islandais",
"lang_code": "is",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "DKS"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Japonais",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Javanais",
"lang_code": "jv",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"word": "ДНҚ"
},
{
"lang": "Kurde",
"lang_code": "ku",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Letton",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "DNS"
},
{
"lang": "Lingua franca nova",
"lang_code": "lfn",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Lituanien",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "DNR"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Macédonien",
"lang_code": "mk",
"word": "ДНК"
},
{
"lang": "Malais",
"lang_code": "ms",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Mongol",
"lang_code": "mn",
"word": "ДНХ"
},
{
"lang": "Néerlandais",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Néerlandais",
"lang_code": "nl",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "DNZ"
},
{
"lang": "Norvégien",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Norvégien (nynorsk)",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Novial",
"lang_code": "nov",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Oromo",
"lang_code": "om",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Ourdou",
"lang_code": "ur",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Papiamento",
"lang_code": "pap",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Pennsilfaanisch",
"lang_code": "pdc",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Persan",
"lang_code": "fa",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Piémontais",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Portugais",
"lang_code": "pt",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Roumain",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "ДНК"
},
{
"lang": "Serbe",
"lang_code": "sr",
"word": "ДНК"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilien",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Slovène",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Slovène",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "DNK"
},
{
"lang": "Soundanais",
"lang_code": "su",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "DNK"
},
{
"lang": "Toki pona",
"lang_code": "tok",
"word": "ijo lili unpa"
},
{
"lang": "Turc",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainien",
"lang_code": "uk",
"word": "ДНК"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamien",
"lang_code": "vi",
"word": "ADN"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamien",
"lang_code": "vi",
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"lang": "Yoruba",
"lang_code": "yo",
"word": "DNA"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
"Noms communs en galicien",
"galicien"
],
"lang": "Galicien",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en galicien de la génétique"
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ácido desoxirribonucleico"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lemmes en gaélique irlandais",
"Noms communs en gaélique irlandais",
"gaélique irlandais"
],
"lang": "Gaélique irlandais",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en gaélique irlandais de la génétique"
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "DNA"
},
{
"word": "aigéad dí-ocsairibeanúicléasach"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
"Noms communs en interlingua",
"Sigles en interlingua",
"interlingua"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Sigle) Abréviation de acido deoxyribonucleic."
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en interlingua de la génétique"
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "acido deoxyribonucleic"
},
{
"word": "DNA"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "DNA"
}
],
"categories": [
"Noms propres en italien",
"italien"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Sigle de Autodeterminazione."
],
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "name",
"pos_title": "Nom propre",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en italien de la politique",
"Wiktionnaire:Exemples manquants en italien"
],
"glosses": [
"Abréviation de Autodeterminazione, nom d’un parti politique italien."
],
"topics": [
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ˌa.ˌdi.ˈɛn.ne\\"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
"Noms communs en lingua franca nova",
"Sigles en lingua franca nova",
"lingua franca nova"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Sigle) Abréviation de asida desosiribonucleal."
],
"lang": "Lingua franca nova",
"lang_code": "lfn",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en lingua franca nova de la génétique",
"Wiktionnaire:Exemples manquants en lingua franca nova"
],
"glosses": [
"ADN."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "asida desosiribonucleal"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
"Noms communs en occitan",
"occitan"
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en occitan de la génétique"
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "acid desoxiribonucleïc"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
"Genres manquants en papiamento",
"Noms communs en papiamento",
"papiamento"
],
"lang": "Papiamento",
"lang_code": "pap",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"raw_tags": [
"genre à préciser : {{m}}, {{f}}, {{mf}}, {{n}} ?"
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en papiamento de la génétique"
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ásido desoksiribonukleiko"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lemmes en portugais",
"Noms communs en portugais",
"portugais"
],
"lang": "Portugais",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en portugais de la génétique"
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ácido desoxirribonucleico"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
"Noms communs en roumain",
"roumain"
],
"lang": "Roumain",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en roumain de la génétique"
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ˌa ˌde ˈene\\"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "acid dezoxiribonucleic"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ADN"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mots en vietnamien issus d’un mot en français",
"Noms communs en vietnamien",
"Sigles en vietnamien",
"vietnamien"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Sigle) Emprunté au français."
],
"lang": "Vietnamien",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en vietnamien de la génétique"
],
"glosses": [
"ADN, acide désoxyribonucléique."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Génétique"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ADN.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/LL-Q9199_(vie)-Jessica_Nguyen_(Pamputt)-ADN.wav/LL-Q9199_(vie)-Jessica_Nguyen_(Pamputt)-ADN.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/LL-Q9199_(vie)-Jessica_Nguyen_(Pamputt)-ADN.wav/LL-Q9199_(vie)-Jessica_Nguyen_(Pamputt)-ADN.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Viêt Nam (Hô-Chi-Minh-Ville)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ADN.wav"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "acid deoxyribonucleic"
},
{
"word": "DNA"
}
],
"word": "ADN"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ADN meaning in All languages combined (23.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-22 from the frwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.