taper

Du moyen anglais taper, du vieil anglais tapor, d’origine incertaine. Le terme pourrait peut-être :
:# être issu du latin papyrus qui désignait à l’époque médiévale la mèche d’une bougie. Si c’est le cas, il s’agit d’un doubler des mots papyrus et paper.
:# provenir d'une langue celtique par comparaison avec le gaélique irlandais tapar, qui pourrait être rapproché du sanskrit तपती (tápati).

Strike on the tinder, ho!
Give me a taper, call up my people!
This accident is not unlike my dream,
Belief of it opresses me already.
Light, I say, light!

Battez le briquet ! Vite ! donnez-moi un flambeau ! Appelez tous mes gens ! Cette aventure ressemble assez à mon songe : la crainte de sa vérité oppresse déjà mon cœur. De la lumière ! de la lumière !

William Shakespeare, Othello, acte I, scène 1, traduction de M. Guizot


tanner

Probablement du nom de l’inventeur du sixpence, John Sigismund Tanner.

It won’t cost you a tanner there and back.

Noël Coward , du chanson I was born and bred in London, de la comédie musicale The Girl Who Came to Supper, 1963


tartan

Du moyen français tiretaine (« drap tissé grossièrement »), issu de l’ancien français tiret (« étoffe précieuse »), diminutif de tire (« étoffe de soie »), lui-même issu du latin tyrius (« étoffe de Tyr »).

On a more practical note, a tartan rug, gifted by the lieutenant-governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, might come in useful at the reputedly draughty Balmoral.

Caroline Davies, « Flip-flops and tartan rugs: royal family reveals 2018 gift list », The Guardian, 5 avril 2019

After these come the Campbells, red gentlemen in dark tartans with faces singularly contained and hard light eyes.

Marjorie Bowen,The Master of Stair, 1907


tenable

That argument is not tenable.


thermal

(1756) Du français thermal. (1837) sens de « thermique, relatif à la chaleur ».

more thermal (comparative)
most thermal (superlative)

thermal baths


toast

(XIVᵉ siècle) De l’ancien français toster (« rôtir, griller »).

(XVᵉ siècle) Le nom avec le sens de « tranche de pain grillée » est le déverbal du précédent.

(1700) Sens de « santé portée à quelqu’un » et « porter une santé » ; cet usage du mot serait né à la suite d'une anecdote arrivée à Bath, ville d'eaux, sous le règne de Charles II, une femme étant supposée faire le même effet que l'adjonction d'un assaisonnement au pain grillé dans le vin d'un homme. Le mot a par la suite désigné toute personne ou toute entreprise à la santé ou au succès de laquelle on boit.

I like my toast with jam on it.

Two pieces of toast.

I propose a toast to the bride and groom.


toast

to toast (infinitive)
toasts (present third-person singular)
toasted (preterite)
toasted (participle past)
toasting (participle present)

I like my bread toasted dark.

Let’s toast to the bride and groom.


toast

If he sees me, I’m toast.

If I ever get my hands on the guy that stole my wallet, he’s toast!


tocsin

As she entered the projection theatre the soundtrack reverberated across the sculpture garden, a melancholy tocsin modulated by Talbert’s less and less coherent commentary.

JG Ballard, The Atrocity Exhibition, 1970


titillation

Titillation (sexuelle), excitation (sexuelle).

The film censors would accept moderate titillation, but nothing stronger.


traverse

He knew only that he had passed far beyond the town limits and was traversing a lonely region by a road that bore no resemblance to the one by which he had left the village.

Il savait seulement qu’il était passé loin au-delà des limites de la ville et traversait une région isolée par une route qui ne présentait aucune ressemblance avec celle par laquelle il avait quitté le village.

Ambrose Bierce, A Wireless Message, 1905, édition 2008, ISBN 978-0-141-03881-0


trictrac

The last trictrac manual was published in France in 1852, and the only people who play trictrac today are enthusiasts who have reconstructed the rules based on old publications.

Corry Cropper, Playing at Monarchy: Sport as Metaphor in Nineteenth-century France,page 53, ISBN 0803217730, 2008


triage

Triage médical, consistant, en cas de situation à multiples victimes (guerre, catastrophe, pandémie), de déterminer le degré de gravité des atteintes aux personnes et la priorité dans les soins à accorder, ainsi que celle des éventuelles évacuations vers d'autres structures de soins.

Triage is an essential element of modern medical care as it is necessary to assign relatively scarce resources to unlimited medical needs. Such assignments become necessary where there is a mismatch in quantum, time or location between the medical needs of patients and available resources.

Gerard FitzGerald, George A. Jelinek, Deborah Scott et Marie Frances Gerdtz,« Emergency department triage revisited », Emergency Medicine Journal, volume 27, numéro 2, février 2010, pages 86-92.

For some discriminators used in face to face triage, it is impossible to ascertain without actually having the patient in front of the triage practitioner, whether the discriminator is fulfilled or not.

Advanced Life Support Group/Manchester Triage Group : Janet Marsden, Mark Newton, Jill Windle et Kevin Mackway-Jones (sous la direction de),Emergency Triage: Telephone Triage and Advice, page 15. John Wiley & Sons, 2015.


usurper

I must speak with the usurper of Otranto

H. Walpole, The Castle of Otranto, 3ᵉ édition, 1766, Page 89


validation

One thing to understand here is that string validation will only check that that string is in correct format.

Abhishek Singh, Zohaib Hasan, Simplifying Regular Expression Using Python, autoédition, 2019


valkyrie

Du vieux norrois valkyrja (« celle qui choisit les tombés au combat »), pluriel valkyrjur, soit à partir de racines germaniques équivalentes, soit formé depuis les termes norrois valr + kjósa (« choisir »). Apparenté à l’anglo-saxon wælcyrge. Attesté en anglais d’abord comme nom propre (Valkyries) dans les années 1770 ; attesté comme nom commun (valkyries) depuis les années 1880.

Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen (published 1853) famously features valkyries.


ventripotent

(Date à préciser) Du latin, via le français ventripotent.

I’m sure your being so ventripotent is useful in county fair competitions, George, but it’s driving our bakery into the ground, so we’re replacing you.

A. C. Kemp, The Perfect Insult for Every Occasion, 2008,page 198, ISBN 978-1-59869-327-0


verdure

meadows of exquisite verdure

Mary W. Shelley, Frankenstein, page 126, édition de 1869


verve

His hands were strong and elegant; his experience of life evidently varied; his speech full of pith and verve; his manners forward, but perfectly presentable.

Robert Louis Stevenson, The Stowaways, 1880

A motor car, which had made its smooth, swift way with style and verve until now, appeared to be developing sudden internal disorders as it drew abreast of the Stephen Carrington home. It began to slow down.

After spending so much of the season looking upwards, the swashbuckling style and swagger of early season Spurs was replaced by uncertainty and frustration against a Norwich side who had the quality and verve to take advantage.

Mandeep Sanghera, « Tottenham 1 – 2 Norwich », dans BBC sports, 9 avril 2012


version

Du moyen français version, venant du latin médiéval versio.

New operating systems, and new versions of existing systems, may also provide execution techniques beyond those outlined here.

Mark Lutz, Learning Python (5ème édition),O'Reilly, 2013, p. 85


vicissitude

It is not intended to relate in detail the progress and incidents of that ghastly contest

A contest without vicissitudes, its alternations only different degrees of despair. — (Ambrose Bierce, The Affair at Coulter’s Notch, 1891, éd. 2008, ISBN 978-0-141-03881-0)


vis-à-vis

(Siècle à préciser) Emprunté au français vis-à-vis.

The taxation episode might be productively contextualized in the period after the temple’s fall, particularly vis-à-vis a new capitation tax—the infamous fiscus ludaicus.

Christopher B. Zeichmann, “The Date of Mark’s Gospel apart from the Temple and Rumors of War: The Taxation Episode (12:13-17) as Evidence”, The Catholic Biblical Quarterly,nº 79, 2017, p. 432


xiphias

Huge Ziffius, whom Mariners eschew / No lesse, then rockes, as travellers informe.

Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, II.xii, 1590

S. Malpighi having dissected the Head of a Xiphias or Sword Fish, which hath a very big Eye, observ’d that the middle of the Optick Nerve is nothing else, but a large Membrane, folded according to its length in many Doubles almost like a Fan, and invested by the Dura Mater.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London, vol 3, p. 38, 1700

Trebius Niger informs us that … the xiphias, or, in other words, the sword-fish, has a sharp-pointed muzzle, with which it is able to pierce the sides of a ship and send it to the bottom.

Bostock & Riley, trad. Pliny, Natural History, 32.vi, 1857

In the xiphias, you observe, the enormous elongation of the head is produced by the elongation of the jaws proper – that is to say, of the pre-maxilla and nasal bones.

Prof. Huxley, "Structure and development of the vertebrate skeleton", The Lancet, 23 mai 1863


je ne sais quoi

\ˌʒə nə sɛ ˈkwɑ:\

She has a certain je ne sais quoi about her.


sup

sup today?


sup

to sup (infinitive)
sups (present third-person singular)
supped (preterite)
supped (participle past)
supping (participle present)

Souper, avaler, boire à petites gorgées.

They supped on beans and rice.


ey

Du moyen anglais ei, ey; du vieil anglais ǣġ; du proto-germanique occidental *aij; du proto-germanique *ajją; du indo-européen commun *h₂ōwyóm.

And thenne at laste a-nother sayd that he wolde have eyren. Then the good wyf sayd that she understod hym wel. Loo, what sholde a man in thyse dayes now wryte, egges, or eyren? Certaynly it is hard to playse every man, by-cause of dyversite and chaunge of langage.

Prologue to Eneydos, William Caxton, 1490

Take brothe of capons withoute herbes, and breke eyren, and cast into the pot, and make a crudde therof, and colour hit with saffron, and then presse oute the brothe and kerve it on leches; and then take swete creme of almondes, or of cowe mylk, and boyle hit; […].

Liber quotidianus contrarotulatoris garderobae:, 1787 (originellement 1381)


ey

Du moyen anglais ei, i, ie; du vieil anglais ēġ, īġ, īeġ; du proto-germanique occidental *auwju; du proto-germanique *awjō (“terre aquatique, plaine inondable, île”); du *h₂ékʷeh₂ (“eau qui coule”) + *-yeh₂ .

Petite île formée par l'accumulation de limon ou de gravier au confluent de deux rivières ou ruisseaux.

Now it will be seen that each of the three small streamlets named forms, at its junction with the larger river into which it flows, an ey, or island, of this latter kind — Crip's-ey, Dom's-ey, and Pin's-ey, respectively; and I suggest that, from these three eys, each of the three streams indicated derived the final element of its name.

Runnymede Bridge is situated on an ‘ey’ – a small gravel islet close to the river bank.

War and Rumours of War, page 81, Julie Wileman, 2009

Un endroit qui a son nom terminant par -ey parce qu'il est ou était situé sur une telle île.

Among the many eys, eyots, or islands, clustering about Oxford, at or near the confluence of the Isis and Cherwell, viz., Binsey, Botley, Hinksey, Iffley, Osney, Oxey, Pixey, &c., there are two, vis., Osney and Oxey, which manifestly enshrine this rivername.

Academy and Literature, volume 33, numéro 821, page 63, Walter de Gray Birch, “WASA, ISIS, OCK”, 28 Janvier 1888

In Saxon the word ey meant peninsula as well as island, and there are plenty of other eys about —Langney and Hydeney and Horsey to wit, Chilly and Rickney and Northeye and Mountney.

Downland Pathways, page 76, Arthur Hadrian Allcroft, 1924

Bermondsey, Stepney, Hackney; there are many of these ‘eys’ in London and they were all once islands, or higher, dryer points in the surrounding marshlands.

Ghost Trees: Nature and People in a London Parish,Bob Gilbert, 2018


ey

[Alt: attention] Il s’agit d’un terme utilisé qui n’est pas d’un usage standard.

Iel, al, ael. Pronom personnel neutre de la troisième personne du singulier coordonné avec les pronoms genrés he et she se référant à une personne non-binaire ou sans détermination de genre.

Eir sentences would sound smoother since ey wouldn’t clutter them with the old sexist pronouns. And if ey should trip up in the new usage, ey would only have emself to blame.

Ses phrases sonneraient plus douces puisqu’iel ne les encombrerait pas avec les vieux pronoms sexistes. Et s’iel devait trébucher dans le nouvel usage, iel n’aurait qu’à s’en prendre à iel-même.

Ey has a word for it dans Chicago Tribune, Black, Judie, 23 août 1975

If a mobile user is far from eir home area, ey will pay a long-distance fee for carriage of the call *from* eir home area, just as a caller would pay long-distance on a call *to* that area.

Si eun utilisataire mobile est loin de sa zone d'origine, iel paiera des frais d’interurbain pour l’acheminement de l’appel *depuis* sa zone d'origine, tout comme eun appelant·e payerait une longue distance lors d'un appel *vers* cette zone.

Dawson, Scott Robert, “Who Pays for Cellular Calls”, in alt.cellular, message-ID <347acf56.333719@news.interlog.com>, 25 novembre 1997

Because ey’d probably like to leave.

Parce qu’iel aimerait probablement partir.

Edwards, RJ, “#90: Creative Differences”, dans Riot Nrrd, 15 mars 2011


Roma

A toughly-worded resolution passed by 337 MEPs also demanded strong action by the European Commission and EU governments to integrate Roma, many of whom live in poverty.

Euro MPs tell France to stop deporting Roma, BBC News, 9 septembre 2010


standard

(XIIᵉ siècle) De l’ancien français estandart (« étendard ») dont les composés sont apparentés à stand et hard.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Samuel Muldoon (Muldoonsamuel55)-standard.wav

Python comes with a source code debugger, named pdb, available as a module in Python's standard library.

Mark Lutz, Learning Python (5ème édition),O'Reilly Media, 2013, page 86

This particular trip, combined with years of pursuing wahoo on standard long-range outings, provided a number of lessons applicable to fly fishing these wild ones.

Nick Curcione, Orvis Guide to Saltwater Fly Fishing, 2008, page 187


yet

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-yet.wav

— Is Commissioner Gordon here yet?
— Yes sir, he’s, err, waiting for you down at Patient Handhover. He got here just before you did.

« Le commissaire Gordon est là ?
— Oui monsieur, il… euh, vous attend en bas, au Transfert des patients. Il vient juste d’arriver. »

Utilisé uniquement dans une phrase négative ou interrogative


pristine

more pristine (comparative)
most pristine (superlative)

Increasing acid rain, possibly polluting pristine ecosystems.

Augmentant la pluie acide, polluant éventuellement des écosystèmes primitifs.

He wore a long white jellabiya with an immaculate turban, and no matter how much dust swept our way he always managed to look pristine.

Il portait une longue djellaba blanche avec un turban immaculé, et quelle que soit la quantité de poussière balayée sur notre chemin, il parvenait toujours à être impeccable.

Sandi Toksvig, Between the stops: a most wonderful memoir, 2019, 320 pages, p. 163


itself

Composé de it (« le, la ») et de self (« soi »).

Lui-même, elle-même, même pour l’inanimé.

Recursion can be used to solve any problem that can be expressed in terms of itself.

Ben Stephenson, The Python Workbook (2nde édition),Springer, 2019, page 131


automaton

(Siècle à préciser) → voir automatic et -on

Supposing it were possible to get houses built, corn grown, battles fought, causes tried, and even churches erected and prayers said, by machinery—by automatons in human form

J. S. Mill, On Liberty, édition de 1869, page 106


usually

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-usually.wav

D'habitude, ordinairement, d'ordinaire, habituellement.

Except for one or two days a year, he usually walks to work.

Sauf un ou deux jours par an, il se rend généralement au travail à pied.

This breakfast cereal usually comes in a green box, and now it's in a blue box.


classical

Classical se rapporte à un temps plus ancien que le mot classic.

Rome and Greece were important countries in classical times.


modesty

Why should the media stick to an antiquated code of etiquette when Kate doesn’t bother to protect her own modesty?

AnnetteSharp, The Daily Telegraph, 28 mai 2014


ordain

(XIIIᵉ siècle) De l’ancien français ordener (« ordonner »), apparenté à order, le sens étant proprement « conférer les ordres ». Voir ordinate.

to ordain (infinitive)
ordains (present third-person singular)
ordained (preterite)
ordained (participle past)
ordaining (participle present)

He always remembered the day he was ordained as a minister.

It will happen if God has ordained it.


brimstone

« They were proverbial for wickedness, for which they were destroyed by a rain of "fire and brimstone" (Gen. xix.). »

The Encyclopædia Britannica, 1910-1911, 11ᵉ édition, Volume 25, p. 911


shelter

(Siècle à préciser) Du moyen anglais sheltron, sheldtrume, du vieil anglais sċildtruma, sċyldtruma.

The detective kept them in view. He made his way casually along the inside of the shelter until he reached an open scuttle close to where the two men were standing talking. Eavesdropping was not a thing Larard would have practised from choice, but there were times when, in the public interest, he had to do it, and this was one of them.

Lawrence R. Bourne, Well Tackled, chapitre VII, 1928


shelter

to shelter (infinitive)
shelters (present third-person singular)
sheltered (preterite)
sheltered (participle past)
sheltering (participle present)

They were able to shelter in a cave during the storm.

Ils ont pu s’abriter dans une grotte pendant la tempête.

Those ruins sheltered once his sacred head.

John Dryden, Epistle to Dr. Charleton, 1663

You have no convents […] in which such persons may be received and sheltered.

Robert Southey, Sir Thomas More; or, Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society, 1829

The charitable organization sheltered the refugees.


shoo

Shoo! I'm busy right now.

Shoo those children away. I'm busy.


inanimate

English also differentiates between humans versus non-human animates and inanimates with respect to which relative pronoun is used: compare the book which I read; the bird which flew away (not *the book whom I read or *the bird who flew away) and the girl whom I saw (not *the girl which I saw). We could, in fact, refine the English animacy hierarchy to something like proper nouns and kin terms > humans > other animates > inanimates.

Viveka Velupillai,An Introduction to Linguistic Typology, 2012, ISBN 9789027211989, p. 158


bale

to bale (infinitive)
bales (present third-person singular)
baled (preterite)
baled (participle past)
baling (participle present)

The farmer bales the hay.


bann

Ban (publication par voie d’affiches d’une promesse de mariage entre deux personnes).

The church published the banns for the marriage.


bod

What a bod!


dour

Du latin durus (« dur, rude »), ou possiblement du moyen irlandais dúr.

dourer (comparative)
dourest (superlative)

dejected

qui exprime la tristesse ou la mélancolie

Il est également possible de trouver les formes more dour et most dour en tant que comparatif et superlatif.

The Palace was larger than he’d expected, but it seemed a dour building, three hundred yards away, hidden behind a marble monument of some sort. Traffic was a little thicker here, but moved briskly.


frank

May I be frank with you?


hir

Appartenant à iel, à ael, à al. Adjectif possessif neutre à la troisième personne du singulier coordonné avec his et her.

But once the disorientation had passed, hir forced hirself back to full consciousness--and worked quickly to establish hir position, and Ruskin's.

Mais une fois la désorientation passée, iel se força à reprendre pleinement conscience et travailla rapidement pour établir sa position, ainsi que celle de Ruskin.

Jeffrey Carver, From a Changeling Star, New York: Bantam Books, 1988 ISBN 0-553-27639-5, page 232

I don’t know what Scratch looks like in the real world, I met hir online.

Je ne sais pas à quoi Scratch ressemble dans la vraie vie, je l’ai rencontæ en ligne.

June, Caitlin Sullivan, Kate Bornstei, Nearly Roadkill: an Infobahn erotic adventure ISBN 978-0415916738, New York: Serpent's Tail, 1996, page 10:


koan

Du japonais 公案, kōan, lui-même issu du chinois classique 公案 (littéralement « cas public »).

Gibberish. Or else a koan that Achtfaden isn’t equipped to master, a transcendent puzzle that could lead him to some moment of light.

As always the koan “Why, Why am I here, why here” begins in her head, but she beats it back like a housewife with a broom.

Joyce Carol Oates, Middle Age: A Romance (Fourth Estate, paperback edition, 303), 2001


Netherlands

(XVIᵉ siècle) De nether (« bas, inférieur ») et de lands, le pays étant topographiquement très bas, dont une grande partie en deçà du niveau de la mer.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Samuel Muldoon (Muldoonsamuel55)-Netherlands.wav

The limits between France and the Netherlands were fixed pretty nearly as they had been previous to the commencement of hostilities in 1792.

Sir James Carmichael-Smyth, 1st Baronet, Chronological Epitome of the Wars in the Low Countries, 1825

The Netherlands embassy.


Sun

Soleil (étoile du Système solaire). Note d’usage : Utilisé avec un article défini.

Given Kepler’s laws and knowledge of the distance of Earth from the Sun, one can work out the distances to the other planets merely by determining the time it takes each to rotate once around the Sun, that is, the period of the orbit.

Jonathan I. Lunine,Earth: Evolution of a Habitable World, 2013, ISBN 9781107328167, p. 14


Ukraine

Jews are the most urbanized group in the Ukraine with 98.3 percent living in the cities according to the 1970 census.

Stephen Rapawy, Linguistic Shift Among Ukrainians in the Ukraine Since Stalin, 1977

March 1996 marked the first five-year anniversary of land reform in Ukraine.

Csaba Csaki et Zvi Lerman, Land Reform in Ukraine: The First Five Years, 1997

On mettait l’article défini the devant le nom de ce pays, mais c’est rare depuis son indépendance en 1991


wasp

(Siècle à préciser) Du vieil anglais wæsp.

Laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps and hornets break through.

Les lois sont comme des toiles d’araignée, qui peuvent bien attraper des moucherons, mais se laissent traverser des guêpes et des frelons.

Jonathan Swift, A Critical Essay upon the Faculties of the Mind, 1707


-s

Le nom épithète ne peut généralement pas avoir ce suffixe, et on utilise donc seulement le singulier pour un nom régulier :
:* rat-catcher (correct)
:* *rats-catcher (incorrect)
:* mouse-catcher (correct)
:* mice-catcher (correct, pluriel irregulier)

mais il y a quelques exceptions comme systems engineering.

Indique le pluriel de la majorité des noms.

pigs, cats, dogs, cows, weddings.

Democratic politics have changed markedly since the Clintons ruled Washington. The economic successes of the era were rooted in centrist policies: a balanced budget (agreed to in compromise with Republicans) and a commitment to free trade exemplified by Bill's signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement.

1=BillPowell, « Bill and Hillary Clinton’s Life in Exile: The once-powerful politixal couple now seeks attention, audience », Newsweek, 23 mai 2019


-s

Indique la troisième personne du singulier de l’indicatif d’un verbe.

hits, throws, walks, talks.


-ette

Utilisé pour former des noms en rapport avec une forme plus petite d’un objet.

Kitchenette, cigarette.

Utilisé pour former l’équivalent féminin de quelque chose.

Majorette, bachelorette.

Utilisé pour former des noms qui expriment une imitation de quelque chose.

Leatherette.


superstar

Dérivé de star (« étoile ») avec le préfixe super- (« super- »).

Dubbed “the Black Venus”, she danced the charleston in nothing but a string of pearls and a skirt made of 16 rubber bananas, performed with a snake wrapped suggestively round her neck, strolled down the Champs-Élysées with her pet cheetah, and became an international superstar.

« Dancer, singer … spy: France’s Panthéon to honour Josephine Baker », theguardian.com, 28 novembre 2021


The Gambia

(1965) De Gambia, lui-même issu du mandinka Kambra ou Kambaa.

\ðə ˈɡæm.bɪə\

L’article the est une partie du nom officiel depuis son indépendance en 1965, et il est mis en majuscule justement comme La Réunion.

Negotiations subsequently took place between representatives of Senegal and The Gambia, in an attempt to minimize the adverse effects of the closure on The Gambia’s regional trading links.

Africa South of the Sahara 2004, 2003, page 934

Second, the official name of the modern West African country is The Republic of The Gambia; it is properly referred to as The Gambia, with both words capitalized. Before 1965, the British referred to their Gambia River colony as the Gambia (or, officially, the Gambia Colony and Protectorate), without capitalizing the article. I keep this distinction in the text.

Donald R.Wright, The World and a Very Small Place in Africa: A History of Globalization in Niumi, The Gambia, 2015, ISBN 9781317453895


scale

(Date à préciser) Du latin scala (« échelle, escalier »).

According to the scale, he weighed 70 kilograms.

Selon la balance, il pesait 70 kilogrammes.

The map is on a scale of 100,000 to 1.

La carte est à l’échelle 100 000 pour 1.

The pyramids were built on a larger scale than any previous man-made buildings.

Les pyramides furent construites à une dimension supérieure à celle de n’importe quel bâtiment fait par l’Homme auparavant.

He had to first remove the fish scales.

Il devait d’abord enlever les écailles du poisson.

Part of his skin was covered in scale.

Une partie de sa peau était couverte d’écailles.

She warmed up before practice by singing (musical) scales.

Elle s’échauffa avant la répétition en chantant des gammes.


scale

to scale (infinitive)
scales (present third-person singular)
scaled (preterite)
scaled (participle past)
scaling (participle present)

Who is going to scale these fish?

He scaled the wall and kept running.

Il escalada le mur et continua à courir.

This is okay so far, but we’re going to need to scale up.

Tout va bien pour le moment, mais nous allons devoir agrandir.

This would overwhelm them. We need to scale it down.

Cela les submergerait. Nous devons le réduire.

The tax scales according to your revenue.

Le montant de l’impôt varie selon le revenu.


nobody

Nobody is here.

Nobody but me.


nobody

He’s a nobody, don’t lose your time with him.

C’est un moins-que-rien, ne perds pas ton temps avec lui.


warehouse

Magasin (local où sont déposées des munitions et toutes sortes d’approvisionnements pour les armées).

munitions warehouse


moonlight

The moonlight flooded the fields.


moonlight

travailler au noir, avoir un deuxième emploi (généralement pour joindre les deux bouts).

My teacher moonlights as an electrician to pay the rent.


hardcore

(1936)Composé de hard et de core, littéralement « noyau dur » ; (1951) sens adjectival.

more hardcore (comparative)
most hardcore (superlative)
hard-core

\hɑːɹdˌkoʊɹ\

He's a hardcore gamer.

That show was hardcore, dude.

Putain, mec, ce spectacle arrachait les tripes.

Hardcore pornography.


CCCP

(XXᵉ siècle) Lecture des lettres cyrilliques du russe СССР, SSSR (« Союз Советских Социалистических Республик ») comme s’il s’agissait des lettres latines.

Canada won the 1972 Summit Series against the CCCP, just barely, but lost a lot of face, bragging rights, prestige, sense of self, identity, and propaganda points, even though life in the Soviet Union, judging by the big hockey rink in Moscow, was dismal, at best, and a totalitarian police state nightmare, at worst.

Le Canada a gagné le Summit Series de 1972 contre l’URSS, juste à peine, mais a perdu beaucoup de visage, de droits de vantardise, de prestige, de sens de soi, d'identité et de points de propagande, même si la vie en Union Soviétique, à en juger par la grande patinoire de hockey de Moscou, était au mieux lugubre, et au pire un cauchemar d'État policier totalitaire.

Martin Avery, Bobby Orr And Me, 2008,ISBN 9780557036929, p. 353


blast

Du moyen anglais blast, issu du vieil anglais blæst.

Looks like he’s having a blast.


blast

to blast (infinitive)
blasts (present third-person singular)
blasted (preterite)
blasted (participle past)
blasting (participle present)

blaster

(Science-fiction) Tirer avec une arme à énergie

Explosion blasts Palestinian intelligence service HQ

L’explosion a fait sauter le QG des services secrets palestiniens.

Wikinews anlgophone du 22 mai 2006, page 1


7 @ $2.


She is not fun to wake up @ 6 for school either.

Is it difficult for your child to wake up?, MommySavers, 2011


I answerd: we impose on one another, & it is but lost time to converse with you whose works are only Analytics.

William Blake, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, 1793

Il était commun de remplacer n’importe quel usage de and par ce symbole, mais aujourd’hui il est presque limité dans des mots composés


copyleft

(Date à préciser) Jeu de mots sur le mot copyright (« droit d’auteur ») en remplaçant le right (droit, pouvant aussi signifier la direction droite) par left (gauche, signifiant aussi le verbe laisser).

(s’utilise avec under) Licence copyleft.

I have placed my program under copyleft.


Mac

Du préfixe des noms de famille britanniques Mc’.

Nom utilisé pour interpeller quelqu’un dont on ne connaît pas le nom.

Have you got a light, Mac? — Hé toi, as-tu du feu ?


think

(Siècle à préciser) Du vieil anglais þenċan.

to think (infinitive)
thinks (present third-person singular)
thought (preterite)
thought (participle past)
thinking (participle present)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-think.wav

What do you think of the current political situation?

Que pensez-vous de la situation politique actuelle ?

Do you really think so?

"I would wish not to be hasty in censuring any one; but I always speak what I think."

Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice dans la bibliothèque Wikisource (en anglais) , Vol. 1, chapitre 4, 3ᵉ éd., T. Egerton, Whitehall, Londres, 1817, page 20

Think about what you’re doing.

He’s thinking about leaving Paris.

We have a problem. Let me think a minute.

Nous avons un problème. Laisse-moi réfléchir une minute.

I think you're right.

You’re good at thinking up stories.


Moscow

Moscow is determined to expand its influence in the Western Balkans, using cyber-warfare at the expense of U.S. and western interests.

DavidShedd et Ivana Stradner, « Countering Russia’s Influence Operations in the Balkans », realcleardefense.com, 8 août 2020


shuffle

Shuffle is the act of shuffling cards.

Le battage (battage à préciser ou à vérifier) est l’action de mélanger les cartes.

He made a real mess of the last shuffle.

Il a mis un vrai foutoir avec son dernier battage (battage à préciser ou à vérifier).

Shuffle is an instance of walking without lifting one’s feet.

La démarche traînante est le cas où l’on marche sans lever les pieds.

The sad young girl left with a lazy shuffle.

La jeune fille triste s’en alla d’une lente démarche traînante.


shuffle

to shuffle (infinitive)
shuffles (present third-person singular)
shuffled (preterite)
shuffled (participle past)
shuffling (participle present)

Marcher sans lever les jambes, trainer les pieds.

Once our ancestors got moving on two legs, they kept on walking, and that journey has continued right up to today. In a lifetime, the average person will take about 150 million steps—enough to circle Earth three times. We stroll, stride, plod, traipse, amble, saunter, shuffle, tiptoe, lumber, tromp, lope, strut and swagger. After walking all over someone, we might be asked to walk a mile in their shoes. Heroes walk on water, and geniuses are walking encyclopedias. But rarely do we humans think about walking. It has become, you might say, pedestrian. The fossils, however, reveal something else entirely. Walking is anything but ordinary. Instead it is a complex, convoluted evolutionary experiment that began with humble apes taking their first steps in Miocene forests and eventually set hominins on a path around the world.

Jeremy DeSilva, “Walks of Life”, Scientific American, vol. 327, no. 5, novembre 2022, pages 72-81

He shuffled out of the room.

Il sortit de la salle en traînant les pieds.

I shuffled my feet across the rug.

Je traînai les pieds pour traverser le tapis.


Afro-Eurasia

Dérivé de Eurasia, avec le préfixe Afro-.

\ˌæf.ɹəʊ.ju.ˈɹeɪ.ʒə\

The Triple Continent—Afro-Eurasia—is the most extensive single land mass in the world. Eurasia is one continuous body—from Spain on the Atlantic, through the Balkans into Russia, on to Siberia and China, and as far as Vladivostok and Hong Kong on the Pacific. On the south, Eurasia is united to Africa at the Isthmus of Suez and separated from it by a narrow strait at Gibraltar.

1=Henry Thomas,Science subjects made easy: a guide to the 10 basic sciences, 1949


goto

Instruction fournie par certains langages de programmation pour aller directement à un endroit donné du programme.

At the machine code level, a goto is a form of branch or jump statement.


rabato

The over-dress was bordered with gold, the stomacher matching the petticoat, the sleeves high at the shoulder, full to the elbow, with lace ruffles and lace rabato at throat.

Mr. Frank was arrayed spotlessly; but after the latest fashion of Milan, not in trunk hose and slashed sleeves, not in "French standing collar, treble quadruple dædalian ruff, or stiff-necked rabato, that had more arches for pride, propped up with wire and timber, than five London Bridges;" but in a close-fitting and perfectly plain suit of dove-color, which set off cunningly the delicate proportions of his figure, and the delicate hue of his complexion.


spite

to spite (infinitive)
spites (present third-person singular)
spited (preterite)
spited (participle past)
spiting (participle present)

She soon married again, to spite her ex-husband.


freelance

Paparazzo is the surname of the freelance photographer in Federico Fellini's 1959 film "La Dolce Vita."


web

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Samuel Muldoon (Muldoonsamuel55)-web.wav

They (The spiders) have different habits according to the genus in which they have been classed; the skill with which the greater number of them work their delicate and regular webs, in the centre of which they place themselves

History and description of the Royal Museum of natural history. Translated from the French of M. Deleuze, Joseph-Philippe-François Deleuze, Paris, 1823.


ado

(Date à préciser) Du moyen anglais at do (« à faire »), supin de do, don « à faire ». Influencé par l’usage du vieux norrois consistant à former des supins en utilisant la préposition at, att (comparer avec le danois at gå « aller »).

There is nothing ado.

Action, désordre, difficulté, affaire embêtante, bazar, cohue.

To make a great ado about trifles.


tortilla

Tortillas made with maize (corn) are the oldest variety of tortilla, and remain very popular in Mexico and Central America.


jazz

(1912) D'origine inconnue. Probablement apparenté à jasm et jism (« énergie ») ; voir jizz.

Stop talking jazz.

What jazz were you referring to earlier?


Columbia

(Fleuve)Dérivé de Columbus, avec le suffixe -ia ; le nom du fleuve provient du Columbia Rediviva qui fut le premier navire occidental à l’explorer depuis l’océan Pacifique.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Samuel Muldoon (Muldoonsamuel55)-Columbia.wav

Grand fleuve du Canada et des États-Unis.

The Columbia River.


redundant

more redundant (comparative)
most redundant (superlative)

This text is redundant with the introduction.


hound

Du vieil anglais hund (« chien »), du proto-germanique *hundaz (en), de l’indo-européen commun *ḱwṓ.

to hound (infinitive)
hounds (present third-person singular)
hounded (preterite)
hounded (participle past)
hounding (participle present)

His creditors hounded him, even though he didn’t have the money to pay.

Chasser avec l'aide d'une meute de chiens de chasse, chasser à courre.

He used to go hounding for raccoons with his treeing hound every weekend.

Il allait chasser des chaouis (ratons laveurs) avec son taïaut (treeing hound = qui chasse la proie dans les arbres en sort qu'elle ne peut plus échapper) chaque fin de semaine.


nosocomial

(1849) Du latin nosocomium (« infirmerie, hôpital »), issu du grec ancien νοσοκομεῖον, nosokomeîon (« hôpital, infirmerie »).

Nosocomial infection.


nineties

She is in her nineties.


breakbeat

Composé de break et de beat, en référence aux rythmes coupés et à la polyrythmie des morceaux.

The core idea behind breakbeat is sampling the break of another song, typically from funk, jazz, or R&B. In this case, a break is a typically a drum set or percussion solo meant to build anticipation or act as a transition.

Breakbeat dance music started in the Bronx back in the 70s when early block parties gave birth to the amazing culture we call hip-hop.


Utilisé au lieu du S ou du s pour signifier l’avarice.

Oil fuels war. Stop E$$o.


nugget

A golden nugget.


artillerist

He was apparently not altogether serious; it certainly did not seem a place where any artillerist, however brave, would like to put a gun.

Ambrose Bierce, The Affair at Coulter’s Notch, 1891, éd. 2008, ISBN 978-0-141-03881-0


check-up

Check-up (de médecin, de dentiste), maintenance (de médecin, de dentiste) ; examen physique (de médecin).

I'll make an appointment for your next one-year check-up.


claxon

(1908) Du grec ancien κλάζω, klazō (« hurler »).

Variante orthographique de klaxon, klaxon.

When the claxon sounded they immediately stopped what they were doing and uncovered the Oerlikon. Paddy, who was ammunition feeder, stood by while Jock trained the 20mm gun around.

Thomas E. Lightburn, chapter 11, in , Cambridge: Vanguard Press, →ISBN, page 173.


echt

more echt (comparative)
most echt (superlative)

An echt Burkean with a snob’s disdain for the contemporary Republican Party , Hart hinted at a road not taken.

Ross Douthat,“When Buckley Met Reagan”, 18 janvier 2009


fiat

(XIXᵉ siècle) au sens de monnaie fiduciaire; (XXIᵉ siècle) au sens des cryptoactifs. Voir fiat money.

Argent, monnaie frappée par un gouvernement ou un organe officiel (banque gouvernementale, etc.).

The move, which many crypto enthusiasts took as an indication that the Wormhole hacker was a "crypto degen", is unlike the activities of many crypto hackers, who typically try to launder the money and exit into fiat rather than keep it within the crypto ecosystem.

Le geste, que beaucoup d’adeptes des cryptos ont pris comme un signe que le hacker de Wormhole est un « dégénéré de la crypto », diffère des agissements de nombreux hackers qui, typiquement, essaient de blanchir l’argent et de le convertir en monnaie courante plutôt que de le garder dans l’écosystème crypto.

Molly White, Wormhole hacker becomes the third largest holder of stETH sur web3isgoinggreat.com. Mis en ligne le 23 janvier 2023


fiat

Qualifie l’argent, la monnaie frappée par un gouvernement ou un organe officiel (banque gouvernementale, etc.).

When concerned customers contacted Gemini customer support to ask if their funds were safe at Gemini, in the wake of the collapses throughout the crypto industry, they were reassured by customer support that the fiat currency held by Gemini to back their GUSD stablecoin was held in accounts that were eligible for FDIC insurance.

Lorsque des clients inquiets ont contacté le service client de Gemini pour leur demander si leurs fonds étaient en sécurité chez Gemini, suite au faillites à travers l’industrie crypto, le service client leur ont assuré que l’argent détenu par Gemini pour garantir la valeur de leur cryptojeton stable GUSD était dans des comptes éligibles pour l’assurance de la FDIC.

Molly White, New York regulator investigates Gemini over FDIC claims sur web3isgoinggreat.com. Mis en ligne le 30 janvier 2023


gelid

Tell me where I may pass the Fires
Of the hot day, or hot desires.
To what cool Cave shall I descend,
Or to what gelid Fountain bend?

Dites-moi où pourrais-je traverser l’Incendie
Du jour torride, ou des torrides désirs.
Dans quelle Caverne devrais-je descendre,
Ou vers quelle Fontaine gelée me pencher ?

Andrew Marvell, « Damon the Mower » (1681), The Garden, & Other Poems, The Folio Society, Londres, 1993


glimmer

A glimmer of hope -- Une lueur d'espoir.

It was a magical night, and there was a glimmer in the air.


glimmer

The light glimmered in the swamp.


harken

to harken (infinitive)
harkens (present third-person singular)
harkened (preterite)
harkened (participle past)
harkening (participle present)

I was just trying to channel a timeless, retro look where no matter when you looked at it, it would still harken back to a particular time or place.

J’essayais simplement de créer un look intemporel et rétro qui, quel que soit le moment où on le regarde, renvoie à une époque ou à un lieu particulier.

Andon Whitehorn, interviewé par Josh Chesler, « Lantern Manufacturing Is Mixing Nature Into the Guitar Pedal Industry », 10 mai 2023, sur spin.com


honk

to honk (infinitive)
honks (present third-person singular)
honked (preterite)
honked (participle past)
honking (participle present)

Honk your horn at him!

Why did that car honk?


hulk

The fifty-year-old hulks around him looked like ghosts of another age, as indeed they were, relics of a war that had been won, cast-offs of a much simpler time, some of them sitting at odd angles, forgotten toys of the huge child their country had been, a child now grown into a troubled adult.

Light boats sail swift, though greater hulks draw deep.

William Shakespeare, Troilus and Cressida, acte II, scène 3


hulk

to hulk (infinitive)
hulks (present third-person singular)
hulked (preterite)
hulked (participle past)
hulking (participle present)

to hulk a hare


interdict

Emprunt au latin interdictum, supin de interdicere.

to interdict (infinitive)
interdicts (present third-person singular)
interdicted (preterite)
interdicted (participle past)
interdicting (participle present)

Again, there are many acts which, being directly injurious only to the agents themselves, ought not to be legally interdicted

J. S. Mill, On Liberty, édition de 1869, page 176


keg

Du moyen anglais kag, du vieux norrois kaggi (« fût »).

beer keg


kern

(Nom 1) Variante dialectale de corn, apparenté à kern en néerlandais, Kern en allemand.

(Nom 2, verbe) Du français carne (« angle »).

A few types have a portion of the face letter projecting over the body, as in the letter f ; this projection is called the kern, and in combination with other letters the projecting part generally extends over the next letter, as in fe. In those combinations, wherein the kern would come in contact with another letter, compound types are cast, as in the case of ff, fi, fl, ffi, ffl.


kern

O then belike she was old and gentle; and you rode like a kern of Ireland, your French hose off and in your strait strossers.

William Shakespeare, The Life of Henry the Fifth

There he entertained Shan O'Neil, a famous, turbulent chief from Ireland, who late in this year visited Elizabeth's Court, where his train of kerns and gallowglasses, clothed in linen kilts dyed with saffron, made a great impression.

Sabine Baring-Gould, Devonshire Characters and Strange Events: "Lusty" Stucley, 1908


kip

I need to get some kip.

I need to get some kip. : J’ai besoin de sommeil.


kip

to kip (infinitive)
kips (present third-person singular)
kipped (preterite)
kipped (participle past)
kipping (participle present)

We need to find a place to kip.


knap

(XVᵉ siècle) D’une onomatopée, apparenté à knack ; comparer avec knappen (« craquer ») en néerlandais.

to knap (infinitive)
knaps (present third-person singular)
knapped (preterite)
knapped (participle past)
knapping (participle present)

She knapped her lips together and turned on her heel without another word.

Marilynne K. Roach, Encounters with the Invisible World, 1977


lint

:* (Fin du XIVᵉ siècle) Du vieil anglais lin (« lin ») sous le sens de lin prêt à être travaillé. Peut-être par influence du moyen français linette (« graine de lin »), diminutif de lin, lui-même du latin linum. Klein suggère plutôt le latin linteum (« étoffe de lin »), neutre de l’adjectif linteus (« en lin »).
:* (Années 1610) Pour le sens lié au coton.
:* (Années 1970) Du nom de la fonction Unix lint, écrite en 1978, qui analysait les programmes écrits en langage C, elle-même nommée d’après les peluches de fibres issues de l’usure des vêtements. référence nécessaire (pourquoi ? résoudre le problème)

Matière ouatée pour pansements, compresses.

Pieces of lint are thought of as fluffy, soft, flexible little things. What harm could they possibly do if left in a wound after an invasive procedure? The truth is that they can seriously affect patient quality of life and even threaten their mortality.

On considère les peluches comme des petites choses duveteuses, douces et flexibles. Quel mal pourraient-elles causer s’il en reste dans une plaie après une procédure invasive ? En vérité, elles peuvent sérieusement affecter la qualité de vie d’un patient et même mettre leur vie en danger.

Wava Truscott, Lint Fiber–Associated Medical Complications Following Invasive Procedures sur www.aami.org. Mis en ligne le 8 avril 2021

Fibre épaisse entourant les graines de coton.

Besides the desired cotton lint (LP) a considerable amount of cotton seed (SP) and a smaller amount of ‘waste’ are generated. If this waste is contaminated with pesticides or other harmful agrochemicals, it has to be treated as trash (theoretically) and is incinerated for heat production or disposed of in landfills.

Au-delà de la ouate de coton désirée (LP), une quantité considérable de graines de coton (SP) et une plus faible quantité de « rejets » sont produits. Si ces rejets sont contaminés par des pesticides ou autres produits chimiques, ils doivent être traités comme déchets (théoriquement) et incinérés pour produire de la chaleur ou enfouis.

Marion I. Tobler-Rohr, « Life cycle assessment (LCA) and ecological key figures (EKF) », dans Handbook of Sustainable Textile Production, page 263-385 https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857092861.263 texte intégral

Déchet textile, peluche, mouton, bourre.

I've got pockets full of Kleenex and lint and holes

J’ai les poches pleines de Kleenex, de peluches et de trous.

NOFX, « Linoleum », Punk in Drublic, Epitaph, 1994

Analyse du code source ayant pour but de détecter des erreurs stylistiques ou de programmation.

Pro: Lint checks many things, including syntax errors and structural problems.
Con: Lint can produce as many errors and warnings as there are lines of source code. This leads to high false positive and false negative rates.

Avantages : Lint vérifie plein de choses dont les erreurs de syntaxe et les problèmes structuraux.
Inconvénients : Lint peu produire autant d’erreurs et d’avertissements qu’il y a de lignes de code. Cela implique un taux élevé de faux positifs et faux négatifs.

Richard Bellairs, What Is Lint Code? And Why Is Linting Important? sur www.perforce.com. Mis en ligne le 19 mars 2019


lint

(Années 1970) Du nom de la fonction Unix lint, écrite en 1978, qui analysait les programmes écrits en langage C, elle-même nommée d’après les peluches de fibres issues de l’usure des vêtements. référence nécessaire (pourquoi ? résoudre le problème)

Pratiquer une évaluation du code source afin de détecter des erreurs stylistiques ou de programmation.

This scheme works well with make; it allows make to be used to lint only the source files that have been modified since the last time the set of source files was checked with lint.

Ce principe fonctionne bien avec make. Il permet d’utiliser make pour analyser seulement les fichiers sources qui ont été modifiés depuis la dernière analyse lint de l’ensemble des fichiers sources.

Ian F. Darwin, C Programs with Lint, O'Reilly Media, Inc., 1991


lust

Lust is one of the seven deadly sins according to the early Christians.

La “ luxure” est un des sept péchés capitaux selon le christianisme ancien

She has a lust for life.


maker

Dérivé de make (« faire, créer »), avec le suffixe -er.

Who is the maker of this wonderful toy?

He has gone to meet his maker. (Dieu — dans ce sens, on quelquefois met le mot à majuscule)


mixer

Put everything in the mixer for a few moments, and voilà, you’ve got your pancake batter ready.

Mettez tous les ingrédients dans le mixeur quelques instants, et voilà, votre pâte à crêpe est prête.

Table de mixage, mixeur (appareil multimédia).

Plug the CD decks to the mixer, and then connect the master out signal to the loudspeakers.

Connecte les platines CD à la table de mixage, et branche un câble qui va du signal de sortie principal vers les haut-parleurs.

Soft, boisson sans alcool que l’on mélange avec une boisson alcoolisée pour réaliser un cocktail.

Do we have any mixers? I don’t want to drink this vodka neat.

Est-ce qu’on a des softs ? Je n’ai pas envie de boire cette vodka pure.


moot

more moot (comparative)
most moot (superlative)

Sans impact, sans importance, dont il n'est pas pertinent de débattre, sans intérêt sur le fond.

The examples in this book were run on a Windows 7 and 8 ultrabook, through Python's portability makes this mostly a moot point, especially in this fundamentals-focused book.

Mark Lutz, Learning Python,O'Reilly, 2013, p. xlvii


moot

Behind my back, he was always mooting it about that I wasn't fit for my position.


racket

(Nom 1) De l’italien ricatto (« chantage »).

The mobsters were working a new racket.

What a racket! He buys it for five cents, and sells it for a dollar each.

Stop making such a racket!


racket

tennis racket, ping pong racket, badminton racket, squash racket


Hamas

(Date à préciser) De l’arabe حماس, hamās.

The Hamas movement was founded by Palestinian Islamic scholar Ahmed Yassin in 1987, after the outbreak of the First Intifada against the Israeli occupation.


rover

Dérivé de rove, avec le suffixe -er. Du moyen anglais roven (« vagabonder », « tirer une flèche au hasard »).

\ˈɹəʊ.və(ɹ)\

Remote Out of Vehicle Emergency Radio : talkie-walkie.

The policeman got out with a flashlight in one hand and the rover in the other.


stunt

The movie made use of lots of stunts.

I love to watch the stunts in the circus.

That's some stunt you pulled. What did you think you were doing?


stunt

to stunt (infinitive)
stunts (present third-person singular)
stunted (preterite)
stunted (participle past)
stunting (participle present)

Cigarettes will stunt your growth.

The lack of sunlight is stunting this plant.


trimester

Du français trimestre, issu du latin trimestris (« de trois mois »), composé de tres (« trois ») et de mensis (« mois »).

She is in the second trimester of her first pregnancy.

Elle en est à son second trimestre de sa première grossesse.

Trimestre (quatre mois : concernant une année universitaire organisée en trois parties).

The school operates on a trimester schedule.

L’école fonctionne selon un calendrier en trimestre.


quaff

De l'irlandais, du gaélique cauch, de l'écosais quaich, queff (coupe). (information à préciser ou à vérifier)

Please ye we may contrive this afternoon, / And quaff carouses to our mistress' health

Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew i 2, 1594

They eat, they drink, and in communion sweet, Quaff immortality and joy…

Quaff, oh quaff this kind nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!

Even while quaffing the third draught of the Fountain of Youth, they were almost awed by the expression of his mysterious visage.

Nathaniel Hawthorne, Dr. Heidegger's Experiment, 1852


verisimilitude

(Date à préciser) Du latin verisimilitudo.

Merely corroborative detail, intended to give artistic verisimilitude to an otherwise bald and unconvincing narrative.

Détail simplement corroboratif, destiné à insuffler de la vérisimilitude artistique à un récit autrement lisse et peu convaincant.

Gilbert & Sullivan, The Mikado, acte II, 1885

This presentation of Paul, too, in spite of its greater verisimilitude, is one that cannot be held for historical as a whole.

Cet exposé de Paul, également, en dépit de sa plus grande vérisimilitude, ne peut pas être considéré globalement comme historique.

Thomas Whittaker, The Origins of Christianity: With an Outline of Van Manen’s Analysis of the Pauline Literature, 1904

He must have promptly rejected an alternative explanation which would better fulfill the demands of verisimilitude (“My wife, poor thing, in her nervous condition, now is afflicted also with sleepwalking!”), seeing the laborious tasks to which the resumed somnambulist devotes herself: kneeling at the edge of a pit, she anoints the earth with murky philters (unless the implements she holds in her hand are to be interpreted actually as acetylene torches scattering sparks, to melt the lead seals of a coffin).

Italo Calvino, The Castle of Crossed Destinies, partie 2, chapitre 5, 1969 ; traduit de l’italien par William Weaver, 1977

My words do not proclaim the truth, like a Pythian priestess; but I conjecture what is probable, like a plain man; and where, I ask, am I to search for anything more than verisimilitude? And again: The characteristic of the Academy is never to interpose one’s judgment, to approve what seems most probable, to compare together different opinions, to see what may be advanced on either side and to leave one’s listeners free to judge without pretending to dogmatize.

«Academy, Greek », Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911


comics

Do you have the comics section of the newspaper? I want to read the comics.

Johnny, stop reading your comics and clean up the room as I told you to!


gravity

Newton discovered the law of gravity.

Newton a découvert la loi de la gravitation.

His demeanor befits the gravity of the occasion.

Son attitude sied à la gravité de la situation.


Earth

Terre. Note d’usage : Utilisé généralement sans article défini, comme les autres planètes.

Earth is the third planet from the Sun.

Given Kepler’s laws and knowledge of the distance of Earth from the Sun, one can work out the distances to the other planets merely by determining the time it takes each to rotate once around the Sun, that is, the period of the orbit.

Jonathan I. Lunine,Earth: Evolution of a Habitable World, 2013, ISBN 9781107328167, p. 14


galaxy

Du latin galaxias, lui-même issu du grec ancien γαλαξίας, galaxías (« voie lactée »).

A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away....

Il y a bien longtemps, dans une galaxie lointaine, très lointaine…


multiply

De l’ancien français multiplier, du latin multiplicō.

to multiply (infinitive)
multiplies (present third-person singular)
multiplied (preterite)
multiplied (participle past)
multiplying (participle present)

Multiply 2 by 3 and you get 6.


motherfucker

Composé de mother (« mère ») et de fucker (« baiseur »), littéralement « baiseur de sa propre mère ».

motherfuckers (plural)
mother fucker
mother-fucker

Insulte comparable au fils de pute français ou plus récemment à nique ta mère.

Shut up, motherfucker!

Yippee-ki-yay, motherfucker!

Surprise, motherfucker!

Lorsqu’il vit les seins lourds se balancer à quelques centimètres de son visage et le sourire salope de Tatiana, il émergea d’un coup et lâcha son expression favorite.
 – Motherfucker !

Gérard de Villiers, [://books.google.fr/books?id=wrHyfMekyDwC&pg=PT169 SAS 170 Otage des talibans], 2016

That motherfucker is great!


fucker

Du verbe to fuck (« baiser », « niquer ») et du suffixe -er.

Personne ou groupe de personnes, en particulier avec qui l’on a beaucoup d’empathie.

What’s up, fucker!?

Let’s see if we can fix this fucker.

Voyons si l’on peut réparer cette merde.


Georgia

(Nom propre 2)Dérivé de George, avec le suffixe -ia, colonie américaine nommée en l’honneur de George II d’Angleterre.

(Prénom) Féminin de George, apparenté au grec Γεωργία, Georgía.

Georgia O'Keeffe.


these

These things are mine.


these

These are my things.


retreat

(Vers 1300) De l’ancien français retrait. Apparenté à trait, treat.

I love come to this retreat in the country.


vociferate

Du latin vociferari, de vox, radical voci-, « voix », et ferre, « porter ».

to vociferate (infinitive)
vociferates (present third-person singular)
vociferated (preterite)
vociferated (participle past)
vociferating (participle present)

He stood there, vociferating.

He vociferated his protest.


protagonist

Fanged immortal protagonists, lycanthropic lovers, and fanciful faeries have become a welcome addition to the bodice-ripping heroines and shirtless, sword-wielding pirates that have traditionally served as the mainstay of romance novel covers.

TonyaKeyser, « Passion for the Paranormal », Skeptical Inquirer, Vol. 34, nᵒ 6, novembre-décembre 2010


hackneyed

a hackneyed phrase


jackal

It was the jackal–Tabaqui, the Dish-licker–and the wolves of India despise Tabaqui because he runs about making mischief, and telling tales, and eating rags and pieces of leather from the village rubbish-heaps.

C’était le chacal — Tabaqui le Lèche-Plat — et les loups de l’Inde méprisent Tabaqui parce qu’il rôde partout faisant du grabuge, colportant des histoires et mangeant des chiffons et des morceaux de cuir dans les tas d’ordures aux portes des villages.


muck

Du moyen anglais mok, du vieux norrois myki, de l'indo-européen commun *(s)meug

to muck (infinitive)
mucks (present third-person singular)
mucked (preterite)
mucked (participle past)
mucking (participle present)

We don’t muck around in this country. It will be back to the same in 18 months.


wasteland

(Date à préciser)Composé de waste et de land.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Usmaan (Middle river exports)-wasteland.wav

One able to survive, or even thrive, in the wasteland.

Une capable de survivre, ou même de prospérer, dans le désert.

Fallout, le Maître à l’Habitant de l’Abri


tramp

Du moyen haut-allemand trampen (« fouler ») ; voir trip et treper en ancien français.

to tramp (infinitive)
tramps (present third-person singular)
tramped (preterite)
tramped (participle past)
tramping (participle present)

He tramped around the room trying to contain his anger.


skinny

The only reason people liked her skinny was because she had an eatting disorder.


inside

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-inside.wav

The inside door handle is broken.

When one list occurs inside another the inner list is said to be nested inside the outer list.

Lorqu’une liste se trouve à l'intérieur d’une autre, on dit que la liste intérieure est imbriquée à l'intérieur de la liste extérieure.

Ben Stephenson, The Python Workbook (2nde édition),Springer, 2019, page 137


inside

Come inside. It’s raining!


inside

The inside is bigger than it looks.


inside

Look inside the box and tell me what you see.


torch

to torch (infinitive)
torches (present third-person singular)
torched (preterite)
torched (participle past)
torching (participle present)

We have got to torch those fields.


nearby

Is our destination nearby?


nearby

They live nearby.


evolve

to evolve (infinitive)
evolves (present third-person singular)
evolved (preterite)
evolved (participle past)
evolving (participle present)

Unfortunately, the virus has evolved a contermeasure to A3G.

Mario Stevenson, Scientific American, novembre 2008.

Malheureusement, le virus a développé une résistance à l’A3G.


heading

What is the heading for this chapter?

Set your heading for north by northwest.

Use the heading to fasten the flag.


sate

to sate (infinitive)
sates (present third-person singular)
sated (preterite)
sated (participle past)
sating (participle present)

At last he stopped, his hunger and thirst sated.

Enfin il s’arrêta, sa faim et sa soif saturèrent.


yell

The famous Tarzan's yell is: "OHHHHHHH-YEEOHYEEOH-EEEOYEE-OHHHHHHH!"

Le célèbre cri de Tarzan est : « OHHHHHHH-YEEOHYEEOH-EEEOYEE-OHHHHHHH ! »


yell

to yell (infinitive)
yells (present third-person singular)
yelled (preterite)
yelled (participle past)
yelling (participle present)

He yelled at the top of his lungs.

She pulled open the door of the bedroom and yelled in a loud voice into the darkness, "Come and look. It's kicked the bucket. It's lying there, totally snuffed!"

Franz Kafka, traduit par Ian Courtenay Johnston, The Metamorphosis, 1999


glow

Lueur, lumière émise par un objet qui luit.

The door of the twins’ room opposite was open; a twenty-watt night-light threw a weak yellow glow into the passageway. David could hear the twins breathing in time with each other.

Stephen Fry, The Hippopotamus⁽ᵉⁿ⁾, « chapitre 2 », Hutchinson (UK), Random House (US), 1994

Lueur, éclat (d’une couleur dans un environnement ou en particulier sur le visage d’une personne).

He had a bright red glow on his face

Une lueur rouge vif émanait de son visage.


argumentative

Argumenté dans un but qui est autre que la recherche pour la vérité.

I'm not going to listen to you any more. You're just being argumentative.


hardworking

more hardworking (comparative)
most hardworking (superlative)
hard-working

\ˈhɑːɹd.ˈwɜːɹ.kɪŋ\

HELP WANTED: Lab assistant. Hardworking drone needed to assist genius with experiments.

“RECHERCHE: Assistant de laboratoire” “Travailleur et obéissant, pour assister génie dans ses expériences”. [traduction officielle]

Maniac Mansion: Day of the Tentacle, lu par Bernard Bernoulli sur une pancarte


examination

\ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən\

\ɪɡˌzæm.əˈneɪ.ʃən\

\ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən\

\ɪɡˌzæm.əˈneɪ.ʃən\

ɪɡˌzɛəm.əˈneɪ.ʃn̩

\ɪɡˌzæm.əˈnæɪ.ʃən\

ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-examination.wav

This issue requires further examination.

Cette question requiert un examen approfondi.


brag

He said it as part of a brag, but he came to regret it.


cloak

(fin XIIIᵉ siècle) Du moyen anglais cloak, de l’anglo-normand cloque, lui-même de l’ancien français cloche, cloke, du latin médiéval clocca (« cloche »), par analogie de forme.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Samuel Muldoon (Muldoonsamuel55)-cloak.wav

Long manteau à capuche : pelisse, pèlerine.

Late one afternoon the pair set forth, well wrapped in cloaks and furnished with a formidable bottle.

Robert Louis Stevenson, The Body Snatcher, 1884


embarrassment

An embarrassment is a state of discomfort arising from bashfulness or consciousness of having violated a social rule; humiliation.

You can imagine her embarrassment when it was realized at the grand soiree that she was wearing the same dress that she had worn the previous year.

A respiratory embarrassment.


struggle

to struggle (infinitive)
struggles (present third-person singular)
struggled (preterite)
struggled (participle past)
struggling (participle present)

Military planes and ships struggled through high seas and heavy winds Wednesday and found more debris from an Air France jet.

Les avions et navires militaires se sont démenés au milieu d’une forte houle et de forts vents, et ont trouvés de nouveaux débris d’un avion d’Air France.


lighter

Has anyone got a lighter?


renege

Répudier, manquer à sa parole, revenir sur, se dédire de ce qu’on avait promis.

He had promised many times to do it, but in the end, he reneged.

She reneged on the deal that she had made.


hovel

I quitted the cottage, and in the general tumult escaped unperceived to my hovel.

Je quittai la petite maison, et dans le tumulte général m’échappai inaperçu à ma bicoque. [traduction non officielle]

Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, page 107, édition de 1869


flit

to flit (infinitive)
flits (present third-person singular)
flitted (preterite)
flitted (participle past)
flitting (participle present)

Emily then became engrossed in watching several monarch butterflies flitting about a buddleia.

Emily devint absorbée par l'observation de nombreux monarques voletant autour d'un arbre aux papillons.

Catherine DeCourcey, Kathryn Pippin, Poor Little Butterflies, page 2, ISBN 0595185193, 2001


flit

The other end of the bar was full of flits. They weren't too flitty-looking—I mean they didn't have their hair too long or anything—but you could tell they were flits anyway.

L'autre côté du bar était rempli d'homosexuels. Ils n'avaient pas l'air trop homosexuels—je veux dire qu'ils n'avaient pas les cheveux trop longs ou autre—mais on voyait quand même qu'ils étaient homosexuels.

J. D. Salinger, Catcher in the Rye, page 149, 1951, ISBN 0140012486


West Bank

Composé de West et de bank, littéralement « Rive Ouest (du Jourdain) »

There are more than three million inhabitants of the West Bank.

Il y a plus de trois millions d’habitants en Cisjordanie.


saw

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Samuel Muldoon (Muldoonsamuel55)-saw.wav

He used a saw to cut the wood.

Il a utilisé une scie pour couper le bois.


saw

to saw (infinitive)
saws (present third-person singular)
sawed (preterite)
sawed ou sawn (participle past)
sawing (participle present)

Can you saw the table please?

Pouvez-vous scier la table, s’il vous plaît ?


on the dot

He arrived at 10 o’clock, on the dot.


England

Du moyen anglais Engelond, Englelond, du vieil anglais Engla land (« pays des Angles »).

There was on one side Germany, with its silver monometallism, having to make up its bank reserves only with silver ; and on the other England, with its bi-monometallism, at one time dependent for its reserves on the gold that might come in, at another time running over the Continent to purchase silver for transmission to India.

Guilford Lindsey Molesworth, Silver and Gold: The Money of the World, 1891, page 70

Samuel Fuller was one of the band of Pilgrims that fled from England to Leyden, Holland, in 1609.

Lucy Mary Kellogg, Mayflower Families Through Five Generations, 1975, page 1


close

(Nom commun 2) Du français clos, du latin clausum, participe de claudō.

closer (comparative)
closest (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-close.wav

I mounted into the window-seat: gathering up my feet, I sat cross-legged, like a Turk; and, having drawn the red moreen curtain nearly close, I was shrined in double retirement.

Currer Bell [pseudonyme de Charlotte Brontë], Jane Eyre. An Autobiography, Smith, Elder, and Co., Londres

They live very close to us.

The store is close by, the store is close.

Le magasin est tout proche, le magasin est proche.

They have a very close friendship.

I’ve always felt very close to her.

Je me suis toujours senti très intime avec elle.

After a brief, appalled glance at Lydia, Mrs Molesworth (Lil) sat down on a corner of the sofa and asked the doctor a question about the imminent agricultural show designed to exclude Lydia from the conversation, to reveal her close knowledge of this event and therefore to illustrate her important position in the local community.

Alice Thomas Ellis, Unexplained Laughter, 2012

Avec les ailes fermées, en parlant d’un oiseau.

A raven close.


close

At its close, the movie was being booed.


close

(Nom commun 1) Du moyen anglais closen, qui continue l'ancienne forme clusen en moyen anglais issue du vieil anglais clȳsan laquelle a été altérée via le terme clos, issue de l’ancien français clos, du latin clausus, participe passé de claudere, du indo-européen commun *klāw-.

to close (infinitive)
closes (present third-person singular)
closed (preterite)
closed (participle past)
closing (participle present)

He closed the door.

The door closed.

To close a deal.

To close the discussion.


butter wouldn’t melt in his mouth

Il semble parfaitement innocent, on pourrait lui donner le bon Dieu sans confession. (littéralement : « Le beurre ne fondrait pas dans sa bouche. »)

Why I know – that though he looks as if butter wouldn’t melt in his mouth, cheese won’t choke him.

Je sais bien que, même si on lui donnerait le bon Dieu sans confession, on lui donnerait le bol d'hostie tout entier sans confession.

You’d think butter wouldn’t melt in your mouth said Heron. But I’m afraid you’re a sly dog.

On te donnerait le bon Dieu sans confession dit Heron. Mais j'ai bien peur que tu ne sois une bête sournoise.

James Joyce, Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

One of the first things the officers did, was to collar me - for the parties to the robbery weren’t to suppose yet, that I was anything but a Butcher - on which the landlord cries out, "Don’t take HIM," he says, "whatever you do! He’s only a poor young chap from the country, and butter wouldn’t melt in his mouth!" — (Charles Dickens, The Detective Police)


TPU

Thermoplastic polyurethane, polyuréthane thermoplastique.

As the name suggests, TPUs are thermoplastic resins. […] Most TPUs on the market today are synthesized using at least three different types of monomers: a polymeric compound containing a Tschugaeff-Zerewitinoff hydrogen, a diisocyanate, and a chain extender.


Sinhalese

Dérivé de Sinhala, avec le suffixe -ese.

It would be well for those European ladies and gentlemen who are anxious to commit to memory the Sinhalese words and sentences here Romanized, to write them first in Sinhalese characters.

Il serait bon que les dames et messieurs européens soucieux de mémoriser les mots et les phrases cingalais ici romanisés les écrivent d'abord en caractères cingalais. — (Cornelis Alwis, The Sinhalese Hand-book: In Roman Characters, 1880)


Sinhalese

My practical knowledge of Sinhalese is moderate, so that the help of a learned man who speaks it as his mother-tongue was a priceless advantage to me.

Ma connaissance pratique du cingalais est moyenne, si bien que l'aide d'un érudit qui le parle comme sa langue maternelle a été pour moi un avantage inestimable.

Wilhelm Geiger, A Grammar of the Sinhalese Language, 1995


light

Du vieil anglais lēoht, du proto-germanique *linhtaz (en), de l'indo-européen commun *h₁lengʷʰ- (en)^([1])

lighter (comparative)
lightest (superlative)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-light.wav

Avec du lait ou de la crème en parlant de café.

I’ll have my coffee light, thanks.

J’aimerais du lait dans mon café, merci.

Sans voitures en parlant des locomotives.

Light engine.


light

Du vieil anglais lēoht, du proto-germanique *leuhtan (en), de l'indo-européen commun *lewk- (en). Apparenté au latin lux, lumen^([2])

I see a light in the distance.

Luminaire, lumière artificielle (voir « lighting »).

Please turn on the light.

Feu (de circulation routière) (traffic light).

Turn right at the light.


lay

(Adjectif) De l’ancien français lai.
(Nom commun) Du verbe.
(Verbe) Du vieil anglais lecgan.

more lay (comparative)
most lay (superlative)

He was a lay minister on Sundays, while he had a regular job the rest of the week.

Il était ministre du culte laïque le dimanche, tandis qu’il avait un travail ordinaire le reste de la semaine.


lay

Direction dans laquelle une corde est tordue.

Worm and parcel with the lay; turn and serve the other way.

What was I, just another lay you can toss aside as you go on to your next conquest?

The Lay of the Last Minstrel.


lay

to lay (infinitive)
lays (present third-person singular)
laid (preterite)
laid (participle past)
laying (participle present)

Ne pas confondre lay (transitif) avec lie (intransitif) : I lay the body down. Let the body lie on the ground. Une complication est que le prétérit de lie n’est pas lied mais lay! I laid the body down. The body lay on the ground.

Lay the plates down on the table.

The clever politician was laying the groundwork for a trap.

The hens are laying eggs.


nang

more nang (comparative)
most nang (superlative)

The wings were seriously a peng ting. The chips were nang. Burger was sick – the assembly was on point. The fillet was a serious ting – the thickness was there. Bossman did well.

Boult, Adam, « These brilliant videos about London’s takeaway chicken shops are a YouTube hit », dans The Daily Telegraph, 9 décembre 2016


tail

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-tail.wav

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Samuel Muldoon (Muldoonsamuel55)-tail.wav

Voyez tails (au pluriel) pour l'expression heads or tails ou pour l'expression familière pour tailcoat.

tail of an animal, of a comet, of a statistical distribution

He was going to spring down hill when a little shadow with a bushy tail crossed the threshold and whined:

Et il allait s’élancer vers le fond de la vallée, quand une petite ombre à queue touffue barra l’ouverture et jappa :

the tail of a coin


flipper

Levier contrôlé mécaniquement ou électromécaniquement, d’une taille variant de 3 à 7 centimètres et utilisé pour renvoyer la balle vers le haut du plateau du jeu de flipper.

pinball flippers


over the hump

Littéralement : « au-dessus de la bosse ». On a l'image d'une course. Chaque colline est un défi nouveau. On réussit en passant au-delà de la colline.

If you can just get over this hump, it'll be easy after this.


palaver

to hold a palaver


marathon

My first post-marathon longer run was 20 kilometres, which I felt was long enough to determine if I had recovered from the marathon.

Doug Limbrick, Running the Marathon with Cancer, 2017


HQ

Explosion blasts Palestinian intelligence service HQ.

Wikinews anglophone du 22 mai 2006, page 1


Palestine

(Date à préciser) Du latin Palaestina, emprunté au grec ancien Παλαιστίνη, Palaistínê, apparenté à Philistine.

During the Byzantine period, the region of Palestine within Syria Palaestina was subdivided into Palaestina Prima and Palaestina Secunda.

In 1917, Palestine was conquered by British forces who held it under occupation until the mandate was established April 25, 1920, by the Supreme Council of the Allied Powers at San Remo. During the occupation Palestine formed "Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (South)," with headquarters at Jerusalem.


Gaza Strip

An explosion has ripped through the headquarters of the Palestinian general intelligence service in the Gaza Strip.

Une explosion a éventré le quartier général des services de renseignements palestiniens dans la bande de Gaza.

Explosion blasts Palestinan intelligence service HQ sur Wikinews (en anglais)


bob

Se mouvoir de bas en haut et de haut en bas.

The cork bobbed gently in the calm water.

Le bouchon flottait doucement de bas en haut et de haut en bas dans l’eau calme.

To bob one’s head.


bob

I got my hair bobbed. How do you like it?

Je me suis fait couper les cheveux au carré. Comment les trouves-tu ?


Cyprus

Du latin Cyprus, emprunté au grec ancien Κύπρος, Kúpros.

She helped found among other things the first horticultural college for women, a model housing association, a hostel for working girls in Drury Lane and a number of crèches and clinics for women, as well as spending one holiday in Cyprus trying to help refugees.

Sandi Toksvig, Between the Stops : The view of My Life from the Top of the number 12 Bus, 2019, page 236, 320 pages


Iraqi

The Iraqi Ministry of Justice in coordination with Coalition forces has announced the release of 238 security detainees from Abu Ghraib and Camp Bucca detention facilities ahead of the Iraqi national election.

L’ambassade des États-Unis en Irak, Iraqi Government and Coalition Forces Release Detainees, 2005


Iraqi

The overall level of violence in Iraq continues to be low and Iraqis are showing a tendency to work within the political system as the January 16, 2010, parliamentary elections approach, U.S. Ambassador to Iraq Christopher Hill says.

America.gov, U.S. Ambassador Says Iraqis Turning Away from Violence, 2009


Iraq

In early summer of that year, the Iraqi Security Forces mounted a large-scale assault on the city of Fallujah, its most important holdout in central Iraq.

CharlieWinter, « Daesh Propaganda, before and after its collapse », NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence, Riga, juin 2019, page 5

Troops along the southern border were obstructed at Al-Tanf, a crucial crossing into Iraq.

John Foster, Oil and World Politics, 2018, page 80


border patrol

The Guard will assist the Border Patrol by operating surveillance systems, analyzing intelligence, installing fences and vehicle barriers, building patrol roads, and providing training.

2006, Etats-Unis d'Amérique —George W. Bush, Address on Comprehensive Immigration Reform


re-

restart (re- + start) : recommencer


Syria

Du latin Syria, du grec ancien Συρία, lui-même de l’akkadien 𒀸𒋩, Aššur.

Having recently been ejected from most of Syria and Iraq, its beleaguered ‘caliphate’ started the year on the banks of the Eurphates River in Baghuz with thousands of fighters and their families surrounded on all sides.

CharlieWinter, « Daesh Propaganda, before and after its collapse », NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence, Riga, juin 2019


googol

Gogol, 10¹⁰⁰ (nombre qui s’écrit avec un 1 suivi de 100 zéros).

If the universe were packed solid with neutrons, say, so there was no empty space anywhere, there would still only be about 10¹²⁸ particles in it, quite a bit more than a googol but trivially small compared to a googolplex.


City

Manhattan. Note d’usage : le terme est ici utilisé par les New-Yorkais, lorsqu’ils se trouvent à New York même, pour désigner uniquement le quartier de Manhattan.

I go into the City.


Donald Duck

Single-handed [sic] he swung the staid Western Union from its ordinary singing-telegram policy to the point where local patrons can request that their greeting be sung in Donald Duck voice.

“Screwy Hall Of Fame Presents A Quack”, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 1941


Ghanese

Étymologie manquante ou incomplète. Si vous la connaissez, vous pouvez l’ajouter en cliquant ici.

The Ghanese and Guinean Siluro-Devonian are Malvinokaffric Realm faunas.

Journal of African earth sciences - Volume 27,Pages 307 à 502 - Page 32, 1998


formal

In scientific works, one should always use formal language.


torpedo

to torpedo (infinitive)
torpedoes (present third-person singular)
torpedoed (preterite)
torpedoed (participle past)
torpedoing (participle present)

If an academic scientist put something like this out there, it would get torpedoed into a billion pieces.

Samantha Joye, citée par le New York Times, Oil Spill Calculations Stir Debate on Damage, août 2010


Pentecost

Touching down on the island of Pentecost in Vanuatu, it takes hours to notice the silence. After a while it hits you: there’s no birdsong, no insects buzzing and chittering. There is no wind in the trees.

Dan McGarry, «The Vanuatu island in the eye of the storm », The Guardian, 6 juin 2020


birdy

Dérivé de bird (« oiseau ») suivi du suffixe -y.

Se dit d’un chien de chasse excité par sa rencontre avec un oiseau ou avec son odeur.

I think your dog is getting birdy.


English Channel

\ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ ˈt͡ʃæ.nl̩\

\ˈɪŋ.lɪʃ ˈt͡ʃæ.nl̩\

A woman who was treated for breast cancer a year ago has become the first person to swim across the English Channel four times non-stop.

« Sarah Thomas: Woman first to swim Channel four times non-stop », BBC News, 17 September 2019


meat

Du vieil anglais mete (« nourriture »), apparenté à Mett (« viande hachée ») en allemand, sans parenté avec le français mets. Possiblement rattaché à l’indo-européen commun *mē(m)s-ro- ^([1]) (« chair ») qui donne le grec ancien μῆνιγξ, mênigx (« membrane » → voir méninges), le sanscrit मांस, māṃsa, mais aussi le slavon мѩсо, męso (« viande »), entre autres.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-meat.wav

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Samuel Muldoon (Muldoonsamuel55)-meat.wav

He scuttled to the back of the cave, where he found the bone of a buck with some meat on it, and sat cracking the end merrily.

Il obliqua vers le fond de la caverne, y trouva un os de chevreuil où restait quelque viande, s'assit et en fit craquer le bout avec délices.

I start the main meat of this code in a function conveniently called main.

Je commence l'essentiel de ce code dans une fonction commodément appelée main.

Zed A. Shaw, Learn Python 3 the Hard Way, Addison-Wesley, 2017, page 83


they

(XIIIᵉ siècle) Du moyen anglais þei, thei, d’une ancienne variante þæȝe, du vieux norrois þeir ou vieux danois þer, du proto-germanique *thai, de l’indo-européen commun *tō. Remplace entièrement au XVᵉ siècle le mot natif he (qui provenait du vieil anglais hīe, hī.).

L’usage du pronom en tant que singulier date d’au moins le XIVᵉ siècle.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-they.wav

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Samuel Muldoon (Muldoonsamuel55)-they.wav

La conjugaison du they singulier est habituellement identique à celle du pluriel, ainsi, on dit they are au lieu de they is. Cependant il est possible de parfois trouver une conjugaison non standard au singulier :
:: Let me try something
Chara is not a good person but they is not a bad person either. — (Tweet de @Soul_Xla publié le 1ᵉʳ décembre 2024. → lire en ligne)

L’utilisation du pronom they au singulier pour se référer à une personne spécifique est une extension de son utilisation au singulier avec une valeur indéfinie. Elle se répand au rythme de l’acceptation sociale des personnes non-binaires. Des autorités commencent à le reconnaître et à recommander son usage pour les personnes qui le préfèrent.

Ils, elles, iels. Pronom de la troisième personne du pluriel.

Fred and Jane? They’ve just arrived.

Monarchs are resilient and adaptive but they continue to face challenges.

Les monarques sont résistants et savent s’adapter, mais ils continuent à faire face à des défis.

Gabrielle Canon, «Monarch butterflies may be thriving after years of decline. Is that a comeback? », The Guardian, 21 novembre 2021

On, ils. Les gens en général, excluant le locuteur.

They say it’s a good place to live.

On dit que c’est un bon endroit où vivre.

They have a lot of snow there.

Il ou elle, iel, cette personne, utilisé pour se référer à une personne de façon non spécifique ou indéfinie ou alors que le genre de la personne n’est pas pertinent. Note d’usage : Alors que quelques autorités rejettent cet usage ou le considèrent comme informel ou populaire, il existe depuis plusieurs siècles chez les auteurs principaux et est de plus en plus usité à l’écrit.

Someone left a message for you. They said it’s urgent.

Quelqu’un a laissé un message pour vous. La personne a dit que c’était urgent.

… everybody should marry as soon as they can do it to advantage.

Toute personne devrait se marier aussitôt qu’elle puisse le faire de façon avantageuse.

Number two… the Cambridge police acted stupidly in arresting somebody when there was already proof that they were in their own home.

Deuxièmement, la police de Cambridge a agi de façon stupide en arrêtant une personne alors que des preuves démontraient que celle-ci était en fait chez elle.

Iel, pronom personnel spécifique non genré souvent utilisé par les personnes non-binaires.

I’d like you to meet my friend Alex. They’ve just arrived in town.

J’aimerais te présenter mon ami·e Alex. Iel vient d’arriver en ville.


parts

You are the only competent doctor in these parts.

Vous êtes le seul médecin compétent dans le coin.


those

Du moyen anglais thos, issu du vieil anglais thas, lui-même issu de la base indo-européenne *to-.

Those things are mine.

Ces affaires-là sont à moi


those

Pronom démonstratif : ceux-là, celle-là.

Those are my things.

New operating systems, and new versions of existing systems, may also provide execution techniques beyond those outlined here.

Mark Lutz, Learning Python (5ème édition),O'Reilly, 2013, p. 85


surf

(1680) Du terme plus ancien suffe, d’origine inconnue, peut-être une variante scripturale de sough.

(Verbe) (1917) Apparait avec le sens de « glisser sur une vague déferlante » ; (1993) Sens informatique de « parcourir internet ».

It is highly amusing to a stranger to go out into the south part of this town, some day when the sea is rolling in heavily over the reef, and to observe there the evolutions and rapid career of a company of surf-players. The sport is so attractive and full of wild excitement to Hawaiians, and withal so healthful, that I cannot but hope it will be many years before civilization shall look it out of countenance, or make it disreputable to indulge in this manly, though it be dangerous, exercise.

Rev. Henry T. Cheever, Life in the Sandwich Islands, New York, 1851


surf

The basis of surfing music is a rock and roll bass beat figuration, coupled with a raunch-type weird-sounding lead guitar plus wailing saxes. Surfing music has to sound untrained with a certain rough flavor to appeal to the teenagers.


hike

A hike.

The tenants were not happy with the rent hike.


embrace

(Date à préciser) De l’ancien français embrace (pour le nom), embracier (pour le verbe).

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-embrace.wav

He held her lovingly in his strong embrace.

Our hero could not escape the embrace of the evil robot.


embrace

to embrace (infinitive)
embraces (present third-person singular)
embraced (preterite)
embraced (participle past)
embracing (participle present)

Prendre dans ses bras, embrasser, faire une accolade.

He embraced Tom with a huge hug.

embrasser, inclure, couvrir, comprendre.

This specification embraces the description of underlaying protocols.

He embraced her in a bear hug.


dox

to dox (infinitive)
doxes (present third-person singular)
doxed (preterite)
doxed (participle past)
doxing (participle present)
doxx

Chercher, trouver et publier des informations privées de quelqu’un sur Internet.

In the latter case, known as GamerGate, video game developer Zoe Quinn and feminist media critic Anita Sarkeesian experienced an onslaught of virtual attacks and were forced to go into hiding after their addresses, phone numbers, and other personal details were revealed—or doxed—by online hackers.

Eric Michael Johnson, « Misogyny Is Not Human Nature », Slate.com, 24 septembre 2014


xat

Dans l’univers fictif de Barsoom, unité de temps valant environ 3 minutes et demi.

For fifty tals I let three units of light shine full in the pinhole, then one unit for one xat, and for twenty-five tals nine units. Those last twenty-five tals were the longest twenty-five seconds of my life.

Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Warlord of Mars, 1919


smoking

more smoking (comparative)
most smoking (superlative)

In Australia, rules vary from from state to state but, broadly speaking, at pub gardens and parks, designated smoking sections or zones are set up to protect non-smokers from secondhand smoke. At beaches and playgrounds, smoking is banned altogether.

En Australie, les règles varient d'un Etat à l'autre, mais généralement, dans les jardins des cafés, des zones fumeur par conception sont prévues pour protéger les non-fumeurs de la fumée. Aux plages et aires de jeux, fumer est interdit.

Hannah Ritchie, What the outdoor smoking ban in Australia could tell us about UK's future, BBC News, 31 aout 2024


big up

Faire du battage à propos de quelque chose.

To big oneself up.

All the radio stations are bigging up his new album.

Toutes les stations de radio font un sacré battage autour de son dernier album.


basal

more basal (comparative)
most basal (superlative)

It may have an interrupted pale collar, and male rim rock crowned snakes possess two basal hooks on each hemipenis.

Alan Tennant, Snakes of North America: Eastern and Central Regions, 2003, page 43


defo

Obtenu par apocope de definitely, puis par substitution de la séquence \əʊ\ à la séquence \i\, plus naturelle en anglais.

Totalement, carrément. Forme abréviée de definitely.

I'm defo gonna buy this!


Ghana

(République du Ghana) (1957) Du nom du précédent empire africain, non situé sur le territoire de la république nouvellement formée et auparavant appelée Gold Coast par les colonisateurs anglais.

Guinea may, however, be derived from Ghana (or Ghanata) the name of the oldest known state in the western Sudan. Ghana dates, according to some authorities, from the 3rd century A.D. From the 7th to the 12th century it was a powerful empire, its dominions extending, apparently, from the Atlantic to the Niger bend. At one time Jenné was included within its borders. Ghana was finally conquered by the Mandingo kings of Melle in the 13th century. Its capital, also called Ghana, was west of the Niger, and is generally placed some 200 m. west of Jenné. In this district L. Desplagnes discovered in 1907 numerous remains of a once extensive city, which he identified as those of Ghana. The ruins lie 25 m. W. of the Niger, on both banks of a marigot, and are about 40 m. N. by E. of Kulikoro (see La Géographie, xvi. 329). By some writers Ghana city is, however, identified with Walata, which town is mentioned by Arab historians as the capital of Ghanata. The identification of Ghana city with Jenné is not justified, though Idrisi seems to be describing Jenné when writing of “Ghana the Great.”

«Guinea » dans Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911

The Security Council,
Having considered the application of Ghana for membership in the United Nations,
Recommends to the General Assembly that Ghana be admitted to membership in the United Nations.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 124, 7 mars 1957


gregale

The dog days have ended, the maijstral has ceased to blow. Soon the other wind called gregale will bring the gentle rains to solemnize the sowing of our red wheat.


embedded

Embedded controller, embedded software.

fore more specific debugging requirements, you can find additional tools in the open source domain, including support for multithreaded programs, embedded code, and process attachment.

Mark Lutz, Learning Python (5ème édition),O'Reilly, 2013, p. 87

Embarqué, s’est dit pour les reporters attachés aux unités militaires à partir de la deuxième guerre du Golfe.

Embedded journalism refers to news reporters being attached to military units involved in armed conflicts. While the term could be applied to many historical interactions between journalists and military personnel, it first came to be used in the media coverage of the 2003 invasion of Iraq.


nunatak

Du kalaallisut nunataq (« pic dépassant de l’inlandsis »).

We made for a slope close to the end of the island or nunatak, where Shackleton must have got up also; it is obviously the only place when you look at it from a commanding rise.

Apsley Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World: Antarctic 1910-1913, Volume 2, Constable and Company Ltd. (1922),page 365, 1922

Only a few lichens and mosses colonize the rocky walls of cirques and nunataks.

Andrea M. J. Coronato, Fernando Coronato, Elizabeth Mazzoni, & Miriam Vásquez, "The Physical Geography of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego", in The Late Cenozoic of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego (ed. J. Rabassa), Elsevier (2008),ISBN 9780444529541, page 45, 2008

The peak in whose lee you have chosen to set up your command post is far too regular in shape to be the nunatak you imagine it.

Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage 2007, page 155, 2006


Scottish

Ce gentilé est toujours collectif en anglais. Pour le singulier on dit a Scotsman ou a Scotswoman.

Écossais (personne). Note d’usage : il est alors précédé de the.

The Scottish are a people who come from Scotland.


animadversion

[A] misconstruction or misinterpretation, nay, the misplacing of a comma, was in Gifford’s eyes a crime worthy of the most severe animadversion.

Sir Walter Scott, The Journal of Sir Walter Scott, janvier 1827

While the censorious man is most severe in judging others, he is invariably the most ready to repel any animadversions made upon himself; upon the principle well understood in medical circles, that the feeblest bodies are always the most sensitive.

Elias Lyman Magoon, rapporté dans Josiah Hotchkiss Gilbert, Dictionary of Burning Words of Brilliant Writers, 1895, page 357


gin

to gin (infinitive)
gins (present third-person singular)
ginned (preterite)
ginned (participle past)
ginning (participle present)

Ginning cotton.


quite

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-quite.wav

The work is not quite done.

Le travail n’est pas tout à fait terminé.

I find him quite adorable.

He is quite big.


ass

(Nom 1) Du vieil anglais assa.
(Nom 2) De l’anglais britannique arse.

We saw an ass in the zoo.

My brother is a total ass.


ass

That girl has a huge ass!

I’m looking to get a bit of ass tonight.

J’espère avoir un peu de sexe cette nuit.


your

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-your.wav

Is this your child?

Are these your children?


putsch

Afterward, the ringleaders of the failed putsch were publicly executed.

"They have broken the democratic rules of the game by supporting popular mobilisation that has resulted in what can be dubbed a "people power putsch"."

Thompson, M. 2010. Modernisation theory’s last redoubt: democratisation in east and south east asia. In Yin-wah Chu and Siu-lun Wong (ed), 'East asias new democracies: deppening, reversal, non-liberal alternatives'. london, routledge.p98.


Bangladesh

\ˌbæŋ.ɡlə.ˈdɛʃ\

ˌbæŋ.ɡlə.ˈdɛʃ

Bangladesh, Bangladesh
Where so many people are dying fast
And it sure looks like a mess
I've never seen such distress

George Harrison, Bangla Desh, in The Concert fo Bangladesh (album), 1971


Clintonism

Dérivé de Clinton, avec le suffixe -ism. Le deuxième sens a probablement été formé sur le modèle de Bushism.

Phrase caractéristique de Bill Clinton ou dans son style.

President Clinton commenced the blathering with orotund Clintonisms: “The international community must take a side, not merely stand between the sides or on the sidelines.” With a side of fries.

2002, P. J. O'Rourke, The CEO of the Sofa,http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&hl=en&id=ydvj7I-LDFkC&pg=PA16&lpg=PA16&sig=a8Bk5lxw0SnlXa0gX5OK7oMhzCo

Kerry had even borrowed a Clintonism in his remarks, transforming the Arkansas governor’s call for a “new covenant of social and personal responsibility” into his own call for a “social contract, a covenant wherein every right is matched with a responsibility.”

2004, Michael Kranish, Brian C Mooney, Nina J Easton, John F. Kerryhttp://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&hl=en&id=NTBBcBYFs-8C&pg=PA282&lpg=PA282&sig=ZDmslbj3nOTe-DboFv5W1zQUbVw

Another Clintonism that those who remember his administration fondly like to recall is the campaign semislogan, “It’s the economy, stupid.”

2004,William Safire, The Right Word in the Right Place at the Right Time http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&hl=en&id=tAvrsubxdZkC&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&sig=P4uf9jJ6t7vDFd_99_HzY1T9zSQ


Brenna

(Vers 1970) Probable féminin de Brennan.

Brenna D’Amico.


Ellen

Ellen Palmer Allerton.


Linda

Linda McCartney.


conversation

Du vieux français conversacion(?), lui-même du latin conversatio (« fréquentation »)

After a brief, appalled glance at Lydia, Mrs Molesworth (Lil) sat down on a corner of the sofa and asked the doctor a question about the imminent agricultural show designed to exclude Lydia from the conversation, to reveal her close knowledge of this event and therefore to illustrate her important position in the local community.

Alice Thomas Ellis, Unexplained Laughter, 2012


vacation

— This boat ain’t named the Titanic, is it?
— No.
— Poseidon?
— No.
— And your name isn't Hook, Kirk, Courageous, Bligh, or Stuebing?
— No.
— ♪ I’m going on vacation
I’m going on vacation ♪
— If you ask me, she’s already left.

« Ce paquebot ne s’appelle pas le Titanic ?
— Non.
— Ni le Poseidon ?
— Non.
— Et vous ne vous appelez ni Crochet, ni Kirk, ni Courageux, ni Achab, ni Stuebing ?
— Non.
— ♪ Je suis en vacances
Je suis en vacances ♪
— Si vous voulez mon avis, elle a pété les plombs.»


vacation

to vacation (infinitive)
vacations (present third-person singular)
vacationed (preterite)
vacationed (participle past)
vacationing (participle present)

We vacationed in Canada.

Nous sommes allés en vacances au Canada.


freeware

Mot-valise de free (dans le sens « gratuit ») et software (« logiciel ») créé par Andrew Cardoza Fluegelman.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-freeware.wav

Gratuiciel, graticiel ; logiciel propriétaire distribué gratuitement.

Skype is an example of freeware.


free

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-free.wav

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Samuel Muldoon (Muldoonsamuel55)-free.wav

I’m a free man.

Free drinks.

(free from) Exempt de, libéré de. Voir aussi -free.

Free from their past actions.


free

to free (infinitive)
frees (present third-person singular)
freed (preterite)
freed (participle past)
freeing (participle present)

He’s stuck! Help me free him.

Our comrades are being held prisoner. Come! Let’s go and free them!


care

to care (infinitive)
cares (present third-person singular)
cared (preterite)
cared (participle past)
caring (participle present)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-care.wav

To care for someone.

I’m doing it because I care.

I don’t care about him.


US

(Sigle) Sigle de United States (« États-Unis »).

This volume of specially written papers is a fitting tribute to Hyman Minsky’s work as it relates to the global financial and economic crisis that began in 2007 in the US and quickly spread around the world.

Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, L. Randall Wray, The Elgar Companion to Hyman Minsky, 2011

The US army troops then entered the battle.

By providing proxy allies with more sophisticated know-how, the country could expand hybrid operations against US interests and allies and fundamentally disrupt international investment in the Middle East.

En fournissant à ses proxys un savoir-faire plus sophistiqué, le pays pourrait étendre ses opérations hybrides contre les intérêts américains et ceux de ces alliés et perturber de manière significative les investissements internationaux au Moyen-Orient.

AbdolrasoolDivsallar et Marc Otte, « Reviving the Security Function: EU's Path to Save the JCPOA », Security Policy Brief, juillet 2019


viral

Viral, qui se rapporte à un virus, où à la manière de se transmettre d'un virus

However, the fact that a traffic or public health campaign is viral does not automatically guarantee that the message has been fully understood or captured by the viewers (Faus et al., 2022).

Mireia Faus, Francisco Alonso, Cesáreo Fernández, Sergio A. Useche, Sergio A. Useche, Assessing the “virality” of a road safety communication campaign intended to change behavior: a case study in Spain, 4 janvier 2024