rwz

rwz (Sawndip forms 聏 or 利 or 𦕗, 1957–1982 spelling rɯƨ)

From Proto-Tai *krwɯːᴬ (“ear”). The initial *k- may have been a prefix that was lost early on in dialects that have reflexes with tone A2 such as Zhuang rwz [ɣɯᴬ²].
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai หู (hǔu), Northern Thai ᩉᩪ, Lao ຫູ (hū), Lü ᦠᦴ (ḣuu), Shan ႁူ (hǔu), Tai Dam ꪬꪴ, Tai Nüa ᥞᥧᥴ (hú), Aiton ꩭူ (hū), Ahom 𑜍𑜥 (rū).
Compare Proto-Kra *k.raᴬ and Sui kkal.


ciengh

head

ciengh (Sawndip form 𤡸, 1957–1982 spelling cieŋƅ)

From Chinese 象 (MC zjangX, “elephant”). Cognate with Proto-Tai *ɟaːŋꟲ (“elephant”), whence Thai ช้าง (cháang), Northern Thai ᨩ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦ, Isan ซ่าง, Lao ຊ້າງ (sāng), Lü ᦋᦱᧂᧉ (tsaang²), Tai Dam ꪋ꫁ꪱꪉ, Shan ၸၢင်ႉ (tsâ̰ang), Tai Nüa ᥓᥣᥒᥳ (tsȧang), Ahom 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ), Saek ซาง.


ciengh

ciengh (Sawndip form 掁, 1957–1982 spelling cieŋƅ)

zhang (a unit of length equivalent to 3+¹⁄₃ metres)


vuengzdaeq

vuengzdaeq (1957–1982 spelling vueŋƨdəiƽ)

/βuːŋ˧˩ tai˧˥/


Ouhcouh

Ouhcouh (Sawndip forms 歐洲 or 欧洲, 1957–1982 spelling Ouƅcouƅ)

zh-l

歐洲／欧洲 (Ōuzhōu)

Europe (a continent located west of Asia and north of Africa)


bouxboux

head

bouxboux (Sawndip form 佈佈, 1957–1982 spelling bouчbouч)


boux boux

boux boux (1957–1982 spelling bouч bouч)


gaiq

gaiq (Sawndip forms 圿 or 盖 or 介 or 吤 or 改 or 盍 or 界, 1957–1982 spelling gaiƽ)

圿 (Sawndip)
盖 (Sawndip)
介 (Sawndip)
吤 (Sawndip)
改 (Sawndip)
盍 (Sawndip)
界 (Sawndip)

Classifier for things in the form of a chunk: piece of; chunk of

Classifier for broad flat objects: piece of; plot of

Classifier for long cylindrical objects.


gaiq

gaiq (Sawndip form 鎅, 1957–1982 spelling gaiƽ)


gaiq

to complete; to finish (the construction of a house)


gaiq

gaiq (Sawndip forms 𫽜 or 改 or 界 or 戒 or 解 or 皆, 1957–1982 spelling gaiƽ)

𫽜 (Sawndip)
改 (Sawndip)
界 (Sawndip)
戒 (Sawndip)
解 (Sawndip)
皆 (Sawndip)


gaiq

to quit; to give up on (usually something harmful)


gaiq gaiq

gaiq gaiq (1957–1982 spelling gaiƽ gaiƽ)


yiengz

yiengz (Sawndip form 𦍕, 1957–1982 spelling yieŋƨ)


yijfaz

zh-l

語法／语法 (yǔfǎ)


nywj

From Proto-Tai *ʰɲɯəꟲ (“grass”). Cognate with Thai หญ้า (yâa), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨿ᩶ᩣ, Lao ຫຍ້າ (nyā), Lü ᦊᦱᧉ (ẏaa²), Tai Dam ꪐ꫁ꪱ, Shan ယိူဝ်ႈ (yōe), ယႃႈ (yāa), Tai Nüa ᥕᥫᥲ (yòe), ᥕᥣᥲ (yàa), Phake ယႃ (yā), Ahom 𑜊𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (jʸüw), 𑜊𑜠 (jʸa), 𑜊𑜡 (jʸā), 𑜐𑜠 (ña), Tày nhả, Bouyei nyal, Nong Zhuang nyaj, Zuojiang Zhuang yaj.

cog

Lü ᦊᦱᧉ (ẏaa²)


byoem

head

byoem (Sawndip forms 𭯞 or 𰚬 or 𱥞 or ⿱髟品 or 𭯔 or 𭯓, 1957–1982 spelling byɵm)

𭯞 (Sawndip)
𰚬 (Sawndip)
𱥞 (Sawndip)
⿱髟品 (Sawndip)
𭯔 (Sawndip)
𭯓 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *prɤmᴬ (“head hair”). Cognate with Thai ผม (pǒm), Northern Thai ᨹᩫ᩠ᨾ, Lao ຜົມ (phom), Lü ᦕᦳᧄ (ṗhum), Shan ၽူမ် (phǔum), Ahom 𑜇𑜪𑜤 (phaṃu), Shangsi Zhuang pʰomᴬ¹, Saek ผรั่ม.


angq

angq (Sawndip forms 𠵫 or 𰙂 or ⿰楽昂 or 𱞞, 1957–1982 spelling aŋƽ)

𠵫 (Sawndip)
𰙂 (Sawndip)
⿰楽昂 (Sawndip)
𱞞 (Sawndip)


angq

From Chinese 盎 (MC 'angH). Compare Vietnamese ang.


cax

cax (Sawndip forms 𰄪 or 𭃛 or ⿰沙刀 or 鎈 or ⿰刀乂 or 𨩨 or 刹 or ⿱殺刀 or ⿰阝杀 or 杀 or 𭃇 or 𨦅 or ⿰查刀 or 鉲 or 𱐗 or 𱐡 or 乍 or 社, 1957–1982 spelling caч)

𰄪 (Sawndip)
𭃛 (Sawndip)
⿰沙刀 (Sawndip)
鎈 (Sawndip)
⿰刀乂 (Sawndip)
𨩨 (Sawndip)
刹 (Sawndip)
⿱殺刀 (Sawndip)
⿰阝杀 (Sawndip)
杀 (Sawndip)
𭃇 (Sawndip)
𨦅 (Sawndip)
⿰查刀 (Sawndip)
鉲 (Sawndip)
𱐗 (Sawndip)
𱐡 (Sawndip)
乍 (Sawndip)
社 (Sawndip)


roegga

roegga (Sawndip form 𮬭𱈡, 1957–1982 spelling rɵgga)

From roeg (“bird”) + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *kaːᴬ (“crow”). The second part is cognate with Thai กา (gaa), Lao ກາ (kā), Lü ᦂᦱ (k̇aa), Shan ၵႃ (kǎa), Tai Nüa ᥐᥣ (kaa), Tày ca.


cienzngaenz

cienzngaenz (1957–1982 spelling cienƨŋənƨ)

/ɕiːn˧˩ ŋan˧˩/


maenz

maenz (Sawndip forms 苠 or 𣐡 or 茗 or 民 or 悶 or 门, 1957–1982 spelling mənƨ)

苠 (Sawndip)
𣐡 (Sawndip)
茗 (Sawndip)
民 (Sawndip)
悶 (Sawndip)
门 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *manᴬ (“yam”). Cognate with Thai มัน (man), Lao ມັນ (man), Shan မၼ်း (mán), Ahom 𑜉𑜃𑜫 (man).


maenz

maenz (Sawndip forms 𫩖 or 门 or 民 or 文, 1957–1982 spelling mənƨ)

𫩖 (Sawndip)
门 (Sawndip)
民 (Sawndip)
文 (Sawndip)


soemj

soemj (Sawndip forms 𰼖 or 瀋 or ⿰酉怎 or 審 or 𮠦 or 泩 or ⿰審酸 or ⿰口审, 1957–1982 spelling sɵmз)

𰼖 (Sawndip)
瀋 (Sawndip)
⿰酉怎 (Sawndip)
審 (Sawndip)
𮠦 (Sawndip)
泩 (Sawndip)
⿰審酸 (Sawndip)
⿰口审 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *sɤmꟲ (“sour”). Cognate with Thai ส้ม (sôm), Lao ສົ້ມ (som), Shan သူမ်ႈ (sūum), Lü ᦉᦳᧄᧉ (ṡum²), Ahom 𑜏𑜤𑜪 (suṃ). Compare Middle Chinese 酸 (MC swan, “sour”) and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləsəm (whence Malay asam and Toba Batak asom).

cog

Lü ᦉᦳᧄᧉ (ṡum²)


soemj

Lü ᦉᦳᧄᧉ (ṡum²)


ndaengq

head

ndaengq (Sawndip forms ⿰鹵凳 or ⿰鹵宁 or ⿰石宁 or 碇 or 砱 or ⿰令鄧 or ⿰口鄧 or 泞, 1957–1982 spelling ƌəŋƽ)

⿰鹵凳 (Sawndip)
⿰鹵宁 (Sawndip)
⿰石宁 (Sawndip)
碇 (Sawndip)
砱 (Sawndip)
⿰令鄧 (Sawndip)
⿰口鄧 (Sawndip)
泞 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɗaŋᴮ (“lye”).
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ด่าง (dàang), Lao ດັ່ງ (dang), Shan လင်ႇ (làng).


ndaengq

ndaengq (Sawndip form same as noun, 1957–1982 spelling ƌəŋƽ)


haemz

haemz (Sawndip forms 𮐽 or 𮤙 or 𨐡 or 𠸋 or ⿰口⿱人呇 or ⿱人呇 or 𱽳 or 𮓄 or 咺 or ⿰苦甘 or 䧟 or ⿰辛含 or 𮒀, 1957–1982 spelling həmƨ)

𮐽 (Sawndip)
𮤙 (Sawndip)
𨐡 (Sawndip)
𠸋 (Sawndip)
⿰口⿱人呇 (Sawndip)
⿱人呇 (Sawndip)
𱽳 (Sawndip)
𮓄 (Sawndip)
咺 (Sawndip)
⿰苦甘 (Sawndip)
䧟 (Sawndip)
⿰辛含 (Sawndip)
𮒀 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.qɤmᴬ (“bitter”). Cognate with Thai ขม (kǒm), Lao ຂົມ (khom), Lü ᦃᦳᧄ (ẋum), Tai Dam ꪶꪄꪣ, Shan ၶူမ် (khǔum), Ahom 𑜁𑜪𑜤 (khǔum), Saek กฺั๊ม.

cog

Lü ᦃᦳᧄ (ẋum)


gwz

From Chinese 茄 (MC gja, “eggplant; aubergine”). Compare Thai มะเขือ (má-kʉ̌ʉa), Lao ໝາກເຂືອ (māk khư̄a), Shan မၢၵ်ႇၶိူဝ် (màak khǒe).

Thai มะเขือ (má-kʉ̌ʉa)

Lao ໝາກເຂືອ (māk khư̄a)

Shan မၢၵ်ႇၶိူဝ် (màak khǒe)


lwggwz

From lwg- + a morpheme from Chinese 茄 (MC gja, “eggplant; aubergine”). Compare Thai มะเขือ (má-kʉ̌ʉa), Lao ໝາກເຂືອ (māk khư̄a), Shan မၢၵ်ႇၶိူဝ် (màak khǒe).

Thai มะเขือ (má-kʉ̌ʉa)

Lao ໝາກເຂືອ (māk khư̄a)

Shan မၢၵ်ႇၶိူဝ် (màak khǒe)


maet

head

maet (Sawndip forms 𮓲 or 乜 or 蝞 or 𬟼, 1957–1982 spelling mət)

𮓲 (Sawndip)
乜 (Sawndip)
蝞 (Sawndip)
𬟼 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmatᴰ (“flea”). Cognate with Thai หมัด (màt), Lao ໝັດ (mat), Tai Dam ꪢꪰꪒ, Shan မတ်း (mát), Ahom 𑜉𑜄𑜫 (mat).


maet

maet (Sawndip forms 𭴂 or 㶬, 1957–1982 spelling mət)


makbinzgoj

makbinzgoj (1957–1982 spelling makbinƨgoз)

From mak (“fruit”) + Mandarin 蘋果／苹果 (píngguǒ, “apple”). Compare Lue ᦖᦱᧅᦘᦲᧃᧉᦷᦅ (ṁaakphiin²ko).


nding

nding (Sawndip forms 𬻤 or 𬮟 or 炩 or 焛 or 𤊥 or 𮤫 or 𫠂 or 𭈻 or 𬻖 or 凌 or 𧹙, 1957–1982 spelling ƌiŋ)

𬻤 (Sawndip)
𬮟 (Sawndip)
炩 (Sawndip)
焛 (Sawndip)
𤊥 (Sawndip)
𮤫 (Sawndip)
𫠂 (Sawndip)
𭈻 (Sawndip)
𬻖 (Sawndip)
凌 (Sawndip)
𧹙 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̥.dwiːŋᴬ (“red”). Cognate with Bouyei ndingl, Thai แดง (dɛɛng), Northern Thai ᨯᩯ᩠ᨦ, Lao ແດງ (dǣng), Lü ᦶᦡᧂ (ḋaeng), Shan လႅင် (lěng), Tai Nüa ᥘᥦᥒ (laeng), Ahom 𑜓𑜢𑜂𑜫 (diṅ) or 𑜃𑜢𑜂𑜫 (niṅ), Nong Zhuang ndiang, Tày đeng, Saek รี๋ง.


mbaq

mbaq (Sawndip forms 𭨼 or 𮌙 or 𰯜 or ⿰肩罢 or 𦟐 or 𦟟 or 𦘲 or ⿰肩发 or ⿲月罢肩, 1957–1982 spelling ƃaƽ)

𭨼 (Sawndip)
𮌙 (Sawndip)
𰯜 (Sawndip)
⿰肩罢 (Sawndip)
𦟐 (Sawndip)
𦟟 (Sawndip)
𦘲 (Sawndip)
⿰肩发 (Sawndip)
⿲月罢肩 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̥.baːᴮ (“shoulder”).
In Zuojiang Zhuang, cognate with mbaq (Ningming, Longzhou dialects), mbaq as in geuqmbaq, mbah (Daxin dialect).
In Central Tai, cognate with Nong Zhuang mbaq as in lungzmbaq, Tày bá.
In Southernwesten Tai, cognate with Thai บ่า (bàa), Northern Thai ᨷ᩵ᩤ, Lao ບ່າ (bā), Shan မႃႇ (màa) or ဝႃႇ (wàa), Ahom 𑜈𑜡 (bā).
Possibly cognate with Proto-Austronesian *qabaʀa (“shoulder”).


menbauh

zh-l

麵包／面包 (miànbāo)


naeng

Inherited from Proto-Tai *ʰnaŋᴬ (“skin”). Cognate with Thai หนัง (nǎng), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨶᩢᨦ, Lao ໜັງ (nang), Lü ᦐᧂ (ṅang), Tai Dam ꪘꪰꪉ, Shan ၼင် (nǎng), Aiton ꩫင် (naṅ).

inh+

outer layer of an animal (including a human) or plant: skin; hide; bark

skin (congealed layer on the surface of a liquid)


naengh

From Proto-Tai *naŋᴮ (“to sit”). Cognate with Thai นั่ง (nâng), Northern Thai ᨶᩢ᩠᩵ᨦ, Lao ນັ່ງ (nang), Lü ᦓᧂᧈ (nang¹), Tai Dam ꪙꪰ꪿ꪉ, Shan ၼင်ႈ (nāng), Aiton ꩫင် (naṅ), Ahom 𑜃𑜂𑜫 (naṅ), Saek หนั้ง.


lauxsae

zh-l

老師／老师 (lǎoshī)


ancienz

/ʔaːn˨˦ ɕiːn˧˩/


gyoij

head

gyoij (Sawndip forms 𭀐 or 楷 or 蒮, 1957–1982 spelling gyoiз)

From Proto-Tai *kluəjꟲ (“banana”). Cognate with Thai กล้วย (glûai), Northern Thai ᨠᩖ᩠ᩅ᩠᩶ᨿ or ᨠ᩠ᩃ᩠ᩅ᩠᩶ᨿ, Lao ກ້ວຍ (kuāi), Lü ᦂᦽᧉ (k̇oy²), Tai Dam ꪀ꫁ꪺꪥ, Shan ၵူၺ်ႈ (kōi), Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜐𑜫 (kuñ), Bouyei joic.

cog

Lü ᦂᦽᧉ (k̇oy²)


mwz

head

mwz (Sawndip forms ⿰手麻 or 摩 or 𪎚, 1957–1982 spelling mɯƨ)

From Proto-Tai *mwɯːᴬ (“hand”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Zhuang fwngz, Bouyei fengz, Saek มื๊อ.
In Central Tai, cognate with Tày mừ.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai มือ (mʉʉ), Northern Thai ᨾᩨ, Lao ມື (mư̄), Lü ᦙᦹ (mue), Tai Dam ꪣꪳ, Tai Dón ꪝꪳ, Shan မိုဝ်း (múe), Aiton မိုဝ် (müw), Ahom 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (müw).
Possibly cognate with Proto-Austronesian *(qa)lima (“hand”).

(dialectal) hand (Zuojiang Zhuang: Longzhou (龙州); Daxin (大新))


mwngz ndei

mwngz ndei (Sawndip form 佲𭁮, 1957–1982 spelling mɯŋƨ ƌei)

/mɯŋ˧˩ ɗei˨˦/

Calque from Chinese 你好, from mwngz (“you (singular)”) + ndei (“good”).


ndei

head

ndei (Sawndip forms 𭀖 or 𰌗 or 𭁮 or ⿰美支 or ⿱丽美 or ⿰月𭀖 or 俪 or 低 or 媄 or ⿱好美 or 𭖝, 1957–1982 spelling ƌei)

𭀖 (Sawndip)
𰌗 (Sawndip)
𭁮 (Sawndip)
⿰美支 (Sawndip)
⿱丽美 (Sawndip)
⿰月𭀖 (Sawndip)
俪 (Sawndip)
低 (Sawndip)
媄 (Sawndip)
⿱好美 (Sawndip)
𭖝 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɗɤjᴬ (“good”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Bouyei ndil.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ดี (dii), Northern Thai ᨯᩦ (di), Lao ດີ (dī), Lü ᦡᦲ (ḋii), Shan လီ (lǐi), Ahom 𑜓𑜣 (dī), 𑜃𑜣 (nī) or 𑜑𑜣 (hī).


ndei

ndei (Sawndip form same as adjective, 1957–1982 spelling ƌei)


ngoenz

ngoenz (Sawndip forms 𭥓 or 昋 or 昙 or 艮 or 𭦂 or 𨑨 or 晏 or 㫨 or 𭥔, 1957–1982 spelling ŋɵnƨ)

𭥓 (Sawndip)
昋 (Sawndip)
昙 (Sawndip)
艮 (Sawndip)
𭦂 (Sawndip)
𨑨 (Sawndip)
晏 (Sawndip)
㫨 (Sawndip)
𭥔 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ŋwanᴬ (“daytime”). Cognate with Thai วัน (wan), Northern Thai ᩅᩢ᩠ᨶ, Lao ວັນ (wan), Lü ᦞᧃ (van), Shan ဝၼ်း (wán), Tai Nüa ᥝᥢᥰ (wän), Ahom 𑜈𑜃𑜫 (ban), Bouyei nguanz.


cauj

cauj (Sawndip forms 找 or 草, 1957–1982 spelling cauз)


cauj

cauj (Sawndip form 𰱰, 1957–1982 spelling cauз)


haex

haex (Sawndip forms 𡱍 or 𭧺 or ⿰未許 or 𣴃 or ⿰米意 or ⿰米亥 or ⿰屎易 or 𡱏, 1957–1982 spelling həiч)

𡱍 (Sawndip)
𭧺 (Sawndip)
⿰未許 (Sawndip)
𣴃 (Sawndip)
⿰米意 (Sawndip)
⿰米亥 (Sawndip)
⿰屎易 (Sawndip)
𡱏 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.qɯjꟲ (“excrement”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Saek ไกฺ.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ขี้ (kîi), Northern Thai ᨡᩦ᩶, Lao ຂີ້ (khī), Lü ᦃᦲᧉ (ẋii²), Shan ၶီႈ (khīi), Ahom 𑜁𑜣 (khī).
Possibly cognate with Proto-Austronesian *Caqi (“excrement”).
Also possibly cognate with Chinese 屎 (shǐ, “excrement”); Modern Thai ขี้ (kîi) was considered cognate with Middle Chinese 屎 (MC śi) by Manomaivibool (1975) and Old Chinese 屎 (OC qhji') by Gong (2002).
Bauer (1996) pointed out that khV ("excrement") is quite widespread in Cantonese 𡲢 (ke¹, “poop”), Tai (e.g. Thai ขี้ (kîi)) and Tibeto-Burman (e.g. Zaiwa kʰji²¹, Burmese ချေး (hkye:, “shit”) and Lashi kʰjei⁵⁵) in focusing on modern lexical forms instead of proto forms. Paul Benedict criticized that the lexical forms Bauer had pulled together as the "same" word were really just "looklike". Bauer rebutted that it is highly unlikely that the phenomenon of simple coincidence explains the occurrence of so many phonosemantically similar (and identical) forms in so many different languages.
Compare Sui ggeex, Proto-Kra *kaiꟲ and Proto-Hlai *ɦaːjʔ (whence haːj³ in most modern dialects).

cog

Lü ᦃᦲᧉ (ẋii²)


lwgfwngz

/lɯk˧ fɯŋ˧˩/

From lwg- (“small object”) + fwngz (“hand”). Cognate with Bouyei legfengz.


bengz

head

bengz (Sawndip forms 嘭 or 𨥾 or 𠳐 or 𠴌 or 呯 or 僓 or 𧸃 or 彭, 1957–1982 spelling beŋƨ)

嘭 (Sawndip)
𨥾 (Sawndip)
𠳐 (Sawndip)
𠴌 (Sawndip)
呯 (Sawndip)
僓 (Sawndip)
𧸃 (Sawndip)
彭 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *beːŋᴬ (“expensive”). Cognate with Thai แพง (pɛɛng), Northern Thai ᨻᩯ᩠ᨦ, Lao ແພງ (phǣng), Lü ᦶᦗᧂ (paeng), Shan ပႅင်း (péng), Nong Zhuang biangz or byangz.


nengz

From Proto-Tai *m.leːŋᴬ (“insect”). Cognate with Thai แมลง (má-lɛɛng), Tai Nüa ᥛᥦᥒᥰ (mäeng).


Daizvanh

From Mandarin 臺灣 /台湾 (Táiwān), from Literary Chinese 臺灣, from Hokkien 大員 (Tāi-oân), 大圓, 臺員, 大灣, 臺灣, etc., from possibly Siraya.


Yanghgangj

Yanghgangj (1957–1982 spelling Yaŋƅgaŋз)

/jaːŋ˧ kaːŋ˥/

Hong Kong (a city, island and special administrative region in southeastern China)


Aumwnz

/ʔaːu˧˥ mɯn˧˩/

zh-l

澳門／澳门 (Àomén)

Macau (a city, special administrative region, and peninsula in China, west of Hong Kong)


cwngcwz

/ɕɯŋ˨˦ ɕɯ˧˩/


mohdozceh

head

mohdozceh (1957–1982 spelling moƅdoƨceƅ)

zh-l

摩托車／摩托车 (mótuōchē)


lwgmanh

From lwg- (“small object; fruit”) + manh (“hot; spicy”).


gwih

From Chinese 騎 (MC gje, “to ride”). Cognate with Proto-Southwestern Tai *kʰwiːᴮ (“to ride”), whence Thai ขี่ (kìi), Lao ຂີ່ (khī), Lü ᦃᦲᧈ (ẋii¹), Tai Dam ꪄꪲ꪿, Shan ၶီႇ (khìi), Ahom 𑜁𑜣 (khī).

cog

Lü ᦃᦲᧈ (ẋii¹)

gwih max


yinzminz

head

yinzminz (Sawndip form 人民, 1957–1982 spelling yinƨminƨ)

Cunghvaz Yinzminz Gunghozgoz

Yinƨminƨguŋƅseƽ dɯg yinƨminƨ diƅ sɯŋƅcanз cəuƽ sɯŋƅhoƨ diƅ yieŋƅ cuзciƨ ƌeu, […]

1958 December 30, “GVANƄYIƧ YIƧMINƧGUŊƄSEƼ YOƧGANƄ VƜNƼDIƧ DIƄ GEƧYIƼ”, in Bauƽ Səɯcueŋƅ:


fwen

fwen (classifier hot, Sawndip forms 欢 or 歡 or 𡂷 or 𭇲 or 𰴸 or 歌 or 𭇳 or 寬 or 吩 or 𠯘, 1957–1982 spelling fɯen)

hot (classifier)
欢 (Sawndip)
歡 (Sawndip)
𡂷 (Sawndip)
𭇲 (Sawndip)
𰴸 (Sawndip)
歌 (Sawndip)
𭇳 (Sawndip)
寬 (Sawndip)
吩 (Sawndip)
𠯘 (Sawndip)

eu fwen


haemh

From Proto-Tai *ɣamᴮ (“night”). Cognate with Thai ค่ำ (kâm), Northern Thai ᨤᩴ᩵ᩣ, Lao ຄ່ຳ (kham), Lü ᦆᧄᧈ (xam¹), Shan ၶမ်ႈ (khām), Ahom 𑜁𑜪 (khaṃ), Saek กฺั้ม.


doengj

doengj (Sawndip forms 𰛼 or 硧, 1957–1982 spelling dɵŋз)


lajmbwn

From laj (“below; under”) + mbwn (“sky; heaven”). Compare Chinese 天下 (tiānxià).


ityiengh

zh-l

一樣／一样 (yīyàng)


liengzsim

/liːŋ˧˩ θim˨˦/


lwg-

head

lwg- (Sawndip forms 𭒹 or 叻 or 仂 or 力 or 𰌧 or 勒, 1957–1982 spelling lɯg-)

𭒹 (Sawndip)
叻 (Sawndip)
仂 (Sawndip)
力 (Sawndip)
𰌧 (Sawndip)
勒 (Sawndip)

Used in names of seeds, fruits or small objects.


Guengjsae

/kuːŋ˥ θai˨˦/

zh-l

廣西／广西 (Guǎngxī)

Guangxi (A Zhuang autonomous region of China)


hojceh

火車／火车 (huǒchē)


cifeiz

From ci (“vehicle”) + feiz (“fire”), calque from Chinese 火車／火车 (huǒchē).

火車／火车 (huǒchē)


gangj

head

gangj (Sawndip forms 鯁 or 骾 or ⿰骨肯 or ⿰骨康, 1957–1982 spelling gaŋз)

鯁 (Sawndip)
骾 (Sawndip)
⿰骨肯 (Sawndip)
⿰骨康 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *kaːŋꟲ (“fishbone”), from Middle Chinese 鯁 (MC kaengX, “fishbone”).
Cognate with Thai ก้าง (gâang), Lao ກ້າງ (kāng), Tai Nüa ᥐᥣᥒᥲ (kàang), Northern Thai ᨠ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦ, Shan ၵၢင်ႈ (kāang), Tày cảng.


gangj

gangj (Sawndip forms 講 or 讲 or 𮗻 or 𠻞 or 康 or 亘 or 江 or 讧 or 訌 or 𮤏 or ⿰言卷 or 㗕 or ⿰言巷 or 𧨖 or ⿰口刚 or ⿰口缸 or 誾 or 𭉓 or 罡 or 共 or 𧥣 or 𧥵 or 港 or 𪡝 or 刚, 1957–1982 spelling gaŋз)

講 (Sawndip)
讲 (Sawndip)
𮗻 (Sawndip)
𠻞 (Sawndip)
康 (Sawndip)
亘 (Sawndip)
江 (Sawndip)
讧 (Sawndip)
訌 (Sawndip)
𮤏 (Sawndip)
⿰言卷 (Sawndip)
㗕 (Sawndip)
⿰言巷 (Sawndip)
𧨖 (Sawndip)
⿰口刚 (Sawndip)
⿰口缸 (Sawndip)
誾 (Sawndip)
𭉓 (Sawndip)
罡 (Sawndip)
共 (Sawndip)
𧥣 (Sawndip)
𧥵 (Sawndip)
港 (Sawndip)
𪡝 (Sawndip)
刚 (Sawndip)

From Chinese 講 (MC kaewngX). Cognate with Tày cảng.


lueg

lueg (Sawndip forms 淥 or 𭂕 or 洛 or 𭁖 or ⿱山⿰冫彔 or 𡸮, 1957–1982 spelling lueg)

淥 (Sawndip)
𭂕 (Sawndip)
洛 (Sawndip)
𭁖 (Sawndip)
⿱山⿰冫彔 (Sawndip)
𡸮 (Sawndip)

Possibly related to luengq (“gully; gap”), luengx (“ditch between ridges”).


conghndaeng

conghndaeng (1957–1982 spelling coŋƅƌəŋ)

/ɕoːŋ˧ ɗaŋ˨˦/


baih

baih (Sawndip forms 𡍹 or 𰹅 or ⿰忄敗 or 拜 or 敗 or 𲅩 or 𡏯 or ⿱敗土 or 排, 1957–1982 spelling baiƅ)

𡍹 (Sawndip)
𰹅 (Sawndip)
⿰忄敗 (Sawndip)
拜 (Sawndip)
敗 (Sawndip)
𲅩 (Sawndip)
𡏯 (Sawndip)
⿱敗土 (Sawndip)
排 (Sawndip)

bae coh baihdoeng


baih

baih (Sawndip form 𰂪, 1957–1982 spelling baiƅ)


ndaem

ndaem (Sawndip forms 黯 or 黔 or 𪒘 or 𪒤 or 𮤸 or 𭣀 or 𮮙, 1957–1982 spelling ƌəm)

黯 (Sawndip)
黔 (Sawndip)
𪒘 (Sawndip)
𪒤 (Sawndip)
𮤸 (Sawndip)
𭣀 (Sawndip)
𮮙 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̥.damᴬ (“black; dark”). Cognate with Thai ดำ (dam), Lao ດຳ (dam), Lü ᦡᧄ (ḋam), Shan လမ် (lǎm), Ahom 𑜃𑜪 (naṃ) or 𑜓𑜪 (daṃ).


ndaem

ndaem (Sawndip forms 䆀 or 𮤸 or ⿰土黑 or ⿰禾⿱中土 or ⿰禾宁 or ⿰宁栽 or 坾 or 𣘸 or ⿰种黑 or 黑 or 㩏 or 执 or 䀓 or 㩏 or 𮃲 or 𭢸, 1957–1982 spelling ƌəm)

䆀 (Sawndip)
𮤸 (Sawndip)
⿰土黑 (Sawndip)
⿰禾⿱中土 (Sawndip)
⿰禾宁 (Sawndip)
⿰宁栽 (Sawndip)
坾 (Sawndip)
𣘸 (Sawndip)
⿰种黑 (Sawndip)
黑 (Sawndip)
㩏 (Sawndip)
执 (Sawndip)
䀓 (Sawndip)
𮃲 (Sawndip)
𭢸 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *t.namᴬ (“to transplant”). Cognate with Thai ดำ (dam).


ndaem

ndaem (Sawndip forms 𨶯 or 湳, 1957–1982 spelling ƌəm)

From Proto-Tai *ɗamᴬ (“to dive”). Cognate with Thai ดำ (dam), Shan လမ် (lǎm).


lieng

lieng (Sawndip form 𮎝, 1957–1982 spelling lieŋ)

From Proto-Tai *ʰlɯəŋᴬ (“yellow”). Cognate with Thai เหลือง (lʉ̌ʉang), Lao ເຫຼືອງ (lư̄ang), Lü ᦵᦜᦲᧂ (l̇oeng), Shan လိူင် (lǒeng), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 (lüṅ).

cog

Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 (lüṅ)


gojsiz

zh-l

果實／果实 (guǒshí)


mbonq

head

mbonq (Sawndip forms 柈 or 𠰢 or 㮽 or ⿸广㒼 or 𧜞 or 椚 or 呠, 1957–1982 spelling ƃonƽ)

柈 (Sawndip)
𠰢 (Sawndip)
㮽 (Sawndip)
⿸广㒼 (Sawndip)
𧜞 (Sawndip)
椚 (Sawndip)
呠 (Sawndip)

𭒹王㖒𮤯呠

2015, David Holm, Meng Yuanyao, transl., Hanvueng: The Goose King and the Ancestral King, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN:


aemq

aemq (Sawndip forms 挭 or 䕃 or 𦘱 or 𨈒 or 𮜯 or ⿰3·, 1957–1982 spelling əmƽ)

挭 (Sawndip)
䕃 (Sawndip)
𦘱 (Sawndip)
𨈒 (Sawndip)
𮜯 (Sawndip)
⿰3· (Sawndip)

aemq lwgnyez


lijbai

zh-l

禮拜／礼拜 (lǐbài)


ndwen

head

ndwen (Sawndip forms ⿰月天 or 𬚻 or 𦙖 or ⿰月电 or 脌, 1957–1982 spelling ƌɯen)

⿰月天 (Sawndip)
𬚻 (Sawndip)
𦙖 (Sawndip)
⿰月电 (Sawndip)
脌 (Sawndip)
mbwen (alternative)

From Proto-Tai *ɓlɯənᴬ (“moon; month”).
Cognate with Thai เดือน (dʉʉan), Northern Thai ᨯᩮᩬᩥᩁ, Lao ເດືອນ (dư̄an), Lü ᦵᦡᦲᧃ (ḋoen), Shan လိူၼ် (lǒen), Ahom 𑜓𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (dün) or 𑜃𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (nün), Saek เบรี๋ยน.

cog

Lü ᦵᦡᦲᧃ (ḋoen)

Saek เบรี๋ยน


ndwen

Lü ᦵᦡᦲᧃ (ḋoen)

Saek เบรี๋ยน


ndwen

head

ndwen (Sawndip forms ⿰月蚕 or 蚓 or ⿱⿰月天虫 or ⿰虫无 or ⿱无虫 or 𧌀 or ⿲虫月天 or 𧉂 or 𧐖, 1957–1982 spelling ƌɯen)

⿰月蚕 (Sawndip)
蚓 (Sawndip)
⿱⿰月天虫 (Sawndip)
⿰虫无 (Sawndip)
⿱无虫 (Sawndip)
𧌀 (Sawndip)
⿲虫月天 (Sawndip)
𧉂 (Sawndip)
𧐖 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *t.nɯəlᴬ (“earthworm”).
Cognate with Thai เดือน (dʉʉan) in ไส้เดือน (sâi-dʉʉan), Lao ເດືອນ (dư̄an) in ໃສ້ເດືອນ (sai dư̄an) or ກະເດືອນ (ka dư̄an), Shan လိူၼ် (lǒen) in တိူၵ်ႇလိူၼ် (tòek lǒen).


duzciengh

/tu˧˩ ɕiːŋ˧/


diengzhaex

diengzhaex (Sawndip form 葶𡱍, 1957–1982 spelling dieŋƨhəiч)

From diengz (“hut; shack”) + haex (“faeces; stool”).


majlingzsuz

head

majlingzsuz (1957–1982 spelling maзliŋƨsuƨ)

/ma˥ liŋ˧˩ θu˧˩/

zh-l

馬鈴薯／马铃薯 (mǎlíngshǔ)


ndoengfaex

/ɗoŋ˨˦ fai˦˨/

From ndoeng (“forest”) + faex (“tree”). Compare Chinese 樹林／树林 (shùlín).

樹林／树林 (shùlín)


dangz

head

dangz (Sawndip forms 𰴇 or 唐, 1957–1982 spelling daŋƨ)


dangz

chamber (hollow space in an apparatus, such as a gun or a stove)


dangz

Classifier for the periods of time when a subject is taught: period; class

Classifier for sets of furniture or appliances: set; suite


manaez

manaez (Sawndip form 𬌫狔, 1957–1982 spelling manəiƨ)

From ma (“dog”) + a morpheme derived from Proto-Tai *nwajᴬ (“jackal”).


vahmbanj

From vah (“language; dialect”) + mbanj (“village”).

compound

local dialect; vernacular (usually referring to Zhuang)


mbanj

head

mbanj (Sawndip forms 板 or 坂 or 扳 or 挽 or 晚, 1957–1982 spelling ƃanз)

板 (Sawndip)
坂 (Sawndip)
扳 (Sawndip)
挽 (Sawndip)
晚 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɓaːnꟲ (“village”).
Cognate with Thai บ้าน (bâan), Northern Thai ᨷ᩶ᩤ᩠ᨶ, Lao ບ້ານ (bān), Lü ᦢᦱᧃᧉ (ḃaan²), Shan မၢၼ်ႈ (māan) or ဝၢၼ်ႈ (wāan), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥢᥲ (màan), Tày bản, Ahom 𑜈𑜃𑜫 (ban) or 𑜉𑜃𑜫 (man).

cog

Lü ᦢᦱᧃᧉ (ḃaan²)


hawsingz guenjleix

head

hawsingz guenjleix (1957–1982 spelling həɯsiŋƨ guenзleiч)

/haɯ˨˦ θiŋ˧˩ kuːn˥ lei˦˨/

From hawsingz (“city”) + guenjleix (“management”), calque from Mandarin 城市管理.


duix

head

duix (Sawndip forms 𬒋 or 𥑇, 1957–1982 spelling duiч)

Borrowed from Chinese 斗 (MC tuwX, “cup-like object”). Cognate with Thai ถ้วย (tûai), Lao ຖ້ວຍ (thuāi), Bouyei doix, Lakkia ti².


duix

De donq gwn sam duix heaux.

He can eat three bowls of rice at a meal.

Amount contained in a bowl: bowl; bowlful


duix

(figurative) to feel sad; to feel disappointed


makmaenj

From mak (“fruit”) + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *manꟲ (“plum”). Cognate with Lao ໝາກໝັ້ນ (māk man).


ngoh

From Chinese 我 (MC ngaX), likely from a latter form, close to Cantonese 我 (ngo5).


laep

Cognate with Shan လပ်း (láp), Saek ลั๊บ.


laep

From Proto-Tai *ʰlapᴰ (“to close (the eyes)”). Cognate with Thai หลับ (làp), Northern Thai ᩉᩖᩢᨷ, Lao ຫຼັບ (lap), Lü ᦜᧇ (l̇ab), Shan လပ်း (láp), Ahom 𑜎𑜆𑜫 (lap).


gieng

head

gieng (Sawndip forms 𫈯 or ⿰羊𦍑, 1957–1982 spelling gieŋ)


hawsingz

/haɯ˨˦ θiŋ˧˩/

From haw (“market”) + singz (“city”). Compare Chinese 城市 (chéngshì).


guenjleix

guenjleix (1957–1982 spelling guenзleiч)


ndok

ndok (classifier aen, Sawndip forms 𮪳 or 𮪰 or 𬴒 or 𱅳 or ⿰骨六 or ⿰骨乐 or 骼, 1957–1982 spelling ƌok)

aen (classifier)
𮪳 (Sawndip)
𮪰 (Sawndip)
𬴒 (Sawndip)
𱅳 (Sawndip)
⿰骨六 (Sawndip)
⿰骨乐 (Sawndip)
骼 (Sawndip)
nduk (alternative)


ndok

ndok (Sawndip form ⿰若朵, 1957–1982 spelling ƌok)

From Proto-Tai *ɓloːkᴰ. Cognate with Thai ดอก (dɔ̀ɔk), Lü ᦡᦸᧅᧈ (ḋoak¹), Lao ດອກ (dǭk), Shan မွၵ်ႇ (màuk) or ဝွၵ်ႇ (wàuk), Nong Zhuang ndog.

cog

Lü ᦡᦸᧅᧈ (ḋoak¹)


lwgdin

From lwg- (“small object”) + din (“foot”). Cognate with Bouyei legdinl.


gohyoz

zh-l

科學／科学 (kēxué)


noucoengz

/nou˨˦ ɕoŋ˧˩/

From nou (“mouse”) + a morpheme from Chinese 松 (sōng), a partial calque from Chinese 松鼠 (sōngshǔ).


mbang

head

mbang (Sawndip form 𮖧, 1957–1982 spelling ƃaŋ)

From Proto-Tai *C̥.baːŋᴬ (“thin (not thick)”). Cognate with Thai บาง (baang), Lao ບາງ (bāng), Shan မၢင် (mǎang) or ဝၢင် (wǎang), Ahom 𑜈𑜂𑜫 (baṅ), Tày bang.

inh

thin (having a small distance between the two opposite surfaces)


hwnj

head

hwnj (Sawndip forms 𬻏 or 𨑗 or 忻 or 恒 or 恳 or 很 or 𭏂 or 𢝧 or 𧿯, 1957–1982 spelling hɯnз)

𬻏 (Sawndip)
𨑗 (Sawndip)
忻 (Sawndip)
恒 (Sawndip)
恳 (Sawndip)
很 (Sawndip)
𭏂 (Sawndip)
𢝧 (Sawndip)
𧿯 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *χɯnꟲ (“to ascend”). Cognate with Thai ขึ้น (kʉ̂n), Northern Thai ᨡᩧ᩠᩶ᨶ, Lao ຂຶ້ນ (khưn), Lü ᦃᦹᧃᧉ (ẋuen²), Tai Dam ꪄꪳ꫁ꪙ, Shan ၶိုၼ်ႈ (khūen), Ahom 𑜁𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (khün), Zuojiang Zhuang kwnj. Compare Zhuang gwnz, gwnj.

cog

Lü ᦃᦹᧃᧉ (ẋuen²)

to set out; to take off; to be on one's way

(of blisters, rashes, etc.) to develop; to appear


caux

head

caux (Sawndip forms 𰟔 or 造, 1957–1982 spelling cauч)


daehbuh

From daeh (“bag; pouch”) + buh (“clothes”).


Fuzcouh

Fuzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Fujian, China)


Liujcouh

Liuzhou (a prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


Vuzcouh

Wuzhou (a prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


Bwzhaij

Beihai (a prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


Fangzcwngzgangj

Faŋƨcɯŋƨgaŋз

Fangzcwngzgangj (1957–1982 spelling Faŋƨcɯŋƨgaŋз)

/faːŋ˧˩ ɕɯŋ˧˩ kaːŋ˥/

Fangchenggang (a prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


Ginhcouh

zh-l

欽州／钦州 (Qīnzhōu)

Qinzhou (a prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


Gveigangj

貴港／贵港 (Guìgǎng)

Guigang (a prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


Hocouh

賀州／贺州 (Hèzhōu)

Hezhou (a prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


Hozciz

Hechi (a prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


Yilinz

Yulin (a prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


Laizbinh

來賓／来宾 (Láibīn)

Laibin (a prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


Cungzcoj

Chongzuo (a prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


Guengjdoeng

head

Guengjdoeng (1957–1982 spelling Gueŋзdɵŋ)

/kuːŋ˥ toŋ˨˦/

Guangdong (A populous province of China, located on the southern coast)


Gvangjdungh

Gvangjdungh (1957–1982 spelling Gvaŋзduŋƅ)

/kʷaːŋ˥ tuŋ˧/


Fuzgen

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China#English

Fujian (a province of the People's Republic of China (mainland China), located on the southeastern coast)


Sanghaij

/θaːŋ˧˥ haːi˥/

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


Denhcinh

Tianjin (a direct-administered municipality and major city in northern China)


Cungzging

/ɕuŋ˧˩ kiŋ˧˥/

Chongqing (a direct-administered municipality and city in western China)


Ganhsuz

zh-l

甘肅／甘肃 (Gānsù)

Gansu (a province in northwestern China)


Gveicouh

貴州／贵州 (Guìzhōu)

Guizhou (a province in southwestern China)


Haijnanz

Hainan (an island and province of China)


Hwzlungzgyangh

head

Hɯƨluŋƨgyaŋƅ

Hwzlungzgyangh (1957–1982 spelling Hɯƨluŋƨgyaŋƅ)

/hɯ˧˩ luŋ˧˩ kʲaːŋ˧/

Heilongjiang (a province in northeastern China)


Huznamz

Hunan (a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting)


Gizlinz

Jilin, Jilin City (a prefecture-level city of Jilin, China)


Gyanghsuh

/kʲaːŋ˧ θu˧/

zh-l

江蘇／江苏 (Jiāngsū)

Jiangsu (a province of China, northeast of the mouth of the Yangtze River)


Gyanghsih

/kʲaːŋ˧ θi˧/


Neimungzguj

head

Neimungzguj (1957–1982 spelling Neimuŋƨguз)

zh-l

內蒙古／内蒙古 (Nèi Měnggǔ)

Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia#English:_Q41079

Inner Mongolia (a Mongolian autonomous region of China)


Ningzya

寧夏／宁夏 (Níngxià)

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
w:Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Ningxia, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (A Hui autonomous region of China)


Cinghhaij

Qinghai (a province in northwestern China)


Swconh

/θɯ˧˥ ɕoːn˧/


Sanhdungh

Shandong (a coastal province in eastern China)


Sanjsih

陝西／陕西 (Shǎnxī)


Sanhsih

Shanxi (a province in the northern part of China)


Sinhgyangh

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Sinhgyangh (1957–1982 spelling Sinƅgyaŋƅ)

/θin˧ kʲaːŋ˧/

Xinjiang (A Uyghur autonomous region of China, located in the sparsely populated northwest)


Sihcang

/θi˧ ɕaːŋ˧˥/

Tibet (a geographic region in Central Asia, the homeland of the Tibetan people)


Yinznanz

zh-l

雲南／云南 (Yúnnán)

Yunnan (a province in southwestern China, bordering Myanmar (Burma), Laos and Vietnam)


Cezgyangh

/ɕe˧˩ kʲaːŋ˧/


Hozfeiz

Hefei (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Anhui, China)


Lanzcouh

蘭州／兰州 (Lánzhōu)

Lanzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Gansu, in northwestern China)


Gveiyangz

/kʷei˧˥ jaːŋ˧˩/

貴陽／贵阳 (Guìyáng)

Guiyang (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Guizhou, China)


Cwngcouh

/ɕɯŋ˧˥ ɕou˧/

Zhengzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Henan, in central China)


Vujhan

武漢／武汉 (Wǔhàn)

Wuhan (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Hubei, China)


Sizgyahcangh

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Sizgyahcangh (1957–1982 spelling Siƨgyaƅcaŋƅ)

/θi˧˩ kʲa˧ ɕaːŋ˧/

Shijiazhuang (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Hebei, China)


Haijgouj

Haikou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Hainan, China)


Hah'wjbinh

Hah'wjbinh (1957–1982 spelling Haƅɯзbinƅ)

zh-l

哈爾濱／哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn)

Harbin (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Heilongjiang, in northeastern China)


Cangzsah

/ɕaːŋ˧˩ θa˧/

Changsha (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Hunan, in south-central China)


Cangzcunh

/ɕaːŋ˧˩ ɕun˧/

Changchun (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Jilin, in northeastern China)


Namzging

Nanjing (a major city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)


Nanzcangh

/naːn˧˩ ɕaːŋ˧/

Nanchang (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Jiangxi, China)


Sinjyangz

/θin˥ jaːŋ˧˩/

Shenyang (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Liaoning, China)


Huhhozhaudwz

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Huhhozhaudwz (1957–1982 spelling Huƅhoƨhaudɯƨ)

From Mandarin 呼和浩特 (Hūhéhàotè), from Mongolian ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ (kökeqota).

zh-l

呼和浩特 (Hūhéhàotè)

Hohhot (a prefecture-level city, the regional capital of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


Yinzconh

Yinchuan (a prefecture-level city, the regional capital of the Ningxia autonomous region, China)


Sihningz

西寧／西宁 (Xīníng)

Xining (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Qinghai, China)


Cwngzduh

Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, in southwestern China)


Cinanz

/ɕi˧˥ naːn˧˩/

濟南／济南 (Jǐnán)

Jinan (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Shangdong, in eastern China)


Sih'anh

Xi'an (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Shaanxi, in central China)


Daiyenz

Taiyuan (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Shanxi, in northern China)


Daizbwz

/taːi˧˩ pɯ˧˩/

臺北／台北 (Táiběi)

Taipei (a special municipality, the capital city of Taiwan)


Vuhlujmuzciz

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Vuhlujmuzciz (1957–1982 spelling Vuƅluзmuƨciƨ)

/βu˧ lu˥ mu˧˩ ɕi˧˩/

From Mandarin 烏魯木齊／乌鲁木齐 (Wūlǔmùqí), from Manchu ᡠᡵᡠᠮᠴᡳ (urumci), from Written Oirat ᡇᠷᡇᡏᡔᡅ (urumci), from Chagatai اورُمجی (Ūrumčī).

zh-l

烏魯木齊／乌鲁木齐 (Wūlǔmùqí)

Ürümqi (a prefecture-level city, the capital of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Lahsaz

From Mandarin 拉薩／拉萨 (Lāsà), from Tibetan ལྷ་ས (lha sa).

拉薩／拉萨 (Lāsà)

Lhasa (the capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


Gunhmingz

Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)


Hangzcouh

/haːŋ˧˩ ɕou˧/

Hangzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, in eastern China)


lwgfwngzyinx

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lwgfwngzyinx (1957–1982 spelling lɯgfɯŋƨyinч)

/lɯk˧ fɯŋ˧˩ jin˦˨/

From lwgfwngz (“finger”) + yinx (“to guide”).


fwngzyinx

/fɯŋ˧˩ jin˦˨/

From fwngz (“hand”) + yinx (“to guide”).


lwgfwngzgyang

lwgfwngzgyang (1957–1982 spelling lɯgfɯŋƨgyaŋ)

/lɯk˧ fɯŋ˧˩ kʲaːŋ˨˦/

From lwgfwngz (“finger”) + gyang (“middle”).


doenghyiengh

doenghyiengh (1957–1982 spelling dɵŋƅyieŋƅ)

From doengh (“a few; some”) + yiengh (“kind; sort”).


rongh

head

rongh (Sawndip forms 𭀴 or 晄 or 𮤎 or 晃 or 𣆥 or 𭚙 or 昽 or 𭦄 or 𬊊 or 𭀮, 1957–1982 spelling roŋƅ)

𭀴 (Sawndip)
晄 (Sawndip)
𮤎 (Sawndip)
晃 (Sawndip)
𣆥 (Sawndip)
𭚙 (Sawndip)
昽 (Sawndip)
𭦄 (Sawndip)
𬊊 (Sawndip)
𭀮 (Sawndip)


meiq

meiq (Sawndip forms 𮠢 or 𮠩 or 𮠻 or 昧 or 䊈 or 𠸍 or 𥻡 or 酶, 1957–1982 spelling meiƽ)

𮠢 (Sawndip)
𮠩 (Sawndip)
𮠻 (Sawndip)
昧 (Sawndip)
䊈 (Sawndip)
𠸍 (Sawndip)
𥻡 (Sawndip)
酶 (Sawndip)


ciengqyouz

ciengqyouz (1957–1982 spelling cieŋƽyouƨ)

/ɕiːŋ˧˥ jou˧˩/


roeggyaeujmeuz

roeggyaeujmeuz (1957–1982 spelling rɵggyəuзmeuƨ)

From roeg (“bird”) + gyaeuj (“head”) + meuz (“cat”), literally “cat-headed bird”. Compare Mandarin 貓頭鷹／猫头鹰 (māotóuyīng, “owl”, literally “cat-headed eagle”).


rumzhwx

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rumzhwx (classifier ciengz, 1957–1982 spelling rumƨhɯч)

/ɣum˧˩ hɯ˦˨/


daemz

daemz (Sawndip forms 墰 or 沌 or 潭 or 𫂺 or 𰿭 or 榃 or 溏 or 坛, 1957–1982 spelling dəmƨ)

墰 (Sawndip)
沌 (Sawndip)
潭 (Sawndip)
𫂺 (Sawndip)
𰿭 (Sawndip)
榃 (Sawndip)
溏 (Sawndip)
坛 (Sawndip)


gingqda

gingqda (classifier fouq, 1957–1982 spelling giŋƽda)

From gingq (“glass; mirror”) + da (“eye”). Compare Chinese 眼鏡／眼镜 (yǎnjìng), Thai แว่นตา (wɛ̂n-dtaa), English eyeglasses.

zh-l

眼鏡／眼镜 (yǎnjìng)


Mungzguj

(chiefly historical) Mongolia (A Mongolian-speaking geographic region in East Asia, including the country of Mongolia (Outer Mongolia), the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in China, and sometimes also Buryatia, Tuva and the Altai Republic in Russia)


Majlaizsihya

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Majlaizsihya (1957–1982 spelling Maзlaiƨsiƅya)

zh-l

馬來西亞／马来西亚 (Mǎláixīyà)


Meijgoz

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Meijgoz (Sawndip forms 美國 or 美国, 1957–1982 spelling Meiзgoƨ)

zh-l

美國／美国 (Měiguó)

the United States (a country in North America)


Gyahnazda

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Gyahnazda (1957–1982 spelling Gyaƅnaƨda)

zh-l

加拿大 (Jiānádà)


Yinghgoz

英國／英国 (Yīngguó)

United Kingdom
United Kingdom#English:_Q145

United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe)


gawq

head

gawq (Sawndip forms 鉅 or 居 or 句, 1957–1982 spelling gəɯƽ)


gyaez

gyaez (Sawndip forms 𭝚 or 𠮹 or 其 or 𢟋, 1957–1982 spelling gyəiƨ)

𭝚 (Sawndip)
𠮹 (Sawndip)
其 (Sawndip)
𢟋 (Sawndip)

Cognate with Thai ใคร่ (krâi), Northern Thai ᨣᩕᩱ᩵ or ᨣᩕᩲ᩵, Lao ໃຄ່ (khai), Lü ᦺᦆᧈ (xay¹), Shan ၶႂ်ႈ (khāue), Ahom 𑜁𑜧 (khaw) or 𑜁𑜞𑜧 (khraw).


hawj

hawj (Sawndip forms 𭢒 or 𠼯 or 許 or 𭠕, 1957–1982 spelling həɯз)

𭢒 (Sawndip)
𠼯 (Sawndip)
許 (Sawndip)
𭠕 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *haɰꟲ (“to give”), from Middle Chinese 許 (MC xjoX). Cognate with Thai ให้ (hâi), Northern Thai ᩉᩨ᩶, Lao ໃຫ້ (hai), Lü ᦠᦹᧉ (ḣue²), Tai Dam ꪻꪬ꫁, Shan ႁႂ်ႈ (hāue), Tai Nüa ᥞᥬᥲ (hàue) or ᥞᥫᥲ (hòe), Aiton ꩭၞ် (haü), Ahom 𑜑𑜧 (haw), Bouyei haec.

cog

Lü ᦠᦹᧉ (ḣue²)


hawj

Lü ᦠᦹᧉ (ḣue²)

to; for (indicates the recipient of an action)


gyaq

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gyaq (Sawndip forms 𣕧 or 榢 or 𠺢, 1957–1982 spelling gyaƽ)

Classifier for vehicles, such as cars, bicycles, airplanes and tanks.


ndaej

ndaej (Sawndip forms 𫩵 or 礼 or 𫩶 or 戾 or 捩 or 累 or 帝 or 𦮲, 1957–1982 spelling ƌəiз)

𫩵 (Sawndip)
礼 (Sawndip)
𫩶 (Sawndip)
戾 (Sawndip)
捩 (Sawndip)
累 (Sawndip)
帝 (Sawndip)
𦮲 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɗajꟲ (“to obtain”). Cognate with Thai ได้ (dâai), Lao ໄດ້ (dai), Lü ᦺᦡᧉ (ḋay²), Shan လႆႈ (lāi).

cog

Lü ᦺᦡᧉ (ḋay²)


lumj

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lumj (Sawndip forms 𢊬 or 僯 or 林 or 淋 or 㑣, 1957–1982 spelling lumз)

𢊬 (Sawndip)
僯 (Sawndip)
林 (Sawndip)
淋 (Sawndip)
㑣 (Sawndip)


lumj

it looks like ...; it seems like ...; it is as if ...


Daigoz

zh-l

泰國／泰国 (Tàiguó)


Laujvoh

老撾／老挝 (Lǎowō)


gyoengq

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gyoengq (Sawndip forms 𬾀 or 共 or 𨳚 or 供 or 㑝 or 𭑀 or 穷 or 哃 or 众 or 𬮥 or 𭁝, 1957–1982 spelling gyɵŋƽ)

𬾀 (Sawndip)
共 (Sawndip)
𨳚 (Sawndip)
供 (Sawndip)
㑝 (Sawndip)
𭑀 (Sawndip)
穷 (Sawndip)
哃 (Sawndip)
众 (Sawndip)
𬮥 (Sawndip)
𭁝 (Sawndip)

group of (people); crowd of (people); flock of (animals); herd of (animals)


yaeuj

yaeuj (Sawndip forms 𭠞 or 𭠥 or 拞 or 𭠗 or 右, 1957–1982 spelling yəuз)

𭠞 (Sawndip)
𭠥 (Sawndip)
拞 (Sawndip)
𭠗 (Sawndip)
右 (Sawndip)


maxloeg

From max (“horse”) + a morpheme from Chinese 鹿 (MC luwk, “deer”).


gaeng

gaeng (Sawndip forms 㹴 or ⿰犭肯 or 㹹 or 耕, 1957–1982 spelling gəŋ)

㹴 (Sawndip)
⿰犭肯 (Sawndip)
㹹 (Sawndip)
耕 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *kaŋᴬ (“ape”).
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai กัง (gang, “Macaca nemestrina”), Lao ກັງ (kang), Northern Thai ᨠᩢ᩠ᨦ, Khün ᨠᩢ᩠ᨦ.


duzmbangq

/tu˧˩ ɓaːŋ˧˥/

From duz- + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *baːŋᴮ (“flying squirrel”).


cenh

cenh (Sawndip forms 𰠾 or 𫞣 or ⿰犭前 or 箭 or 𤠶 or 㹽 or 錢, 1957–1982 spelling cenƅ)

𰠾 (Sawndip)
𫞣 (Sawndip)
⿰犭前 (Sawndip)
箭 (Sawndip)
𤠶 (Sawndip)
㹽 (Sawndip)
錢 (Sawndip)

Probably from Chinese 箭 (MC tsjenH, “arrow”), as in 箭豬／箭猪 (jiànzhū, “porcupine”).


nyaen

nyaen (Sawndip forms 𭸑 or 𤠶 or 𤝱 or 𰡒 or ⿰犭印 or ⿰犭⿱里⿰里里 or ⿰犭永 or 𬍅, 1957–1982 spelling nyən)

𭸑 (Sawndip)
𤠶 (Sawndip)
𤝱 (Sawndip)
𰡒 (Sawndip)
⿰犭印 (Sawndip)
⿰犭⿱里⿰里里 (Sawndip)
⿰犭永 (Sawndip)
𬍅 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰɲelᴬ (“civet cat”).
In Central Tai, cognate with Tày hên.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai เห็น (hěn), Isan เหง็น, Lao ເຫງັນ (ngen) or ເຫັນ (hen), Lü ᦠᦲᧃ (ḣiin), Tai Dam ꪹꪐꪸꪙ, Shan ႁဵၼ် (hǎen), Tai Nüa ᥞᥥᥢᥴ (hén), Ahom 𑜑𑜢𑜃𑜫 (hin).


gaeqhangh

From gaeq (“chicken”) + hangh (“(of a chicken hen) not having yet laid eggs”). Compare Cantonese 雞項 /鸡项 (gai¹ hong⁶⁻²).


hangh

(of a chicken hen) not having yet laid eggs; being a pullet


hangh

Classifier for pullets (young hens that have not yet laid eggs).


hangh

Classifier for items, tasks, or points in a list.


roegenq

/ɣok˧ ʔeːn˧˥/

From roeg (“bird”) + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *ʔeːnᴮ (“swallow”). The second component is cognate with Thai แอ่น (ɛ̀n), Lao ແອ່ນ (ʼǣn), Shan ဢႅၼ်ႇ (ʼèn); also compare Middle Chinese 燕 (MC 'enH, “swallow”).

cog

Lao ແອ່ນ (ʼǣn)

Shan ဢႅၼ်ႇ (ʼèn)


Sinhgyahboh

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Sinhgyahboh (1957–1982 spelling Sinƅgyaƅboƅ)

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony and state of Malaysia (1963-1965))


dungzci

/tuŋ˧˩ ɕi˧˥/


fatcaiz

/faːt˧˥ ɕaːi˧˩/

zh-l

發財／发财 (fācái)


vamaedlaeh

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vamaedlaeh (1957–1982 spelling vamədləiƅ)

va + maetlaeh. Compare Chinese 茉莉花 (mòlìhuā).

zh-l

茉莉花 (mòlìhuā)


Lungzanh

/luŋ˧˩ ʔaːn˧/

Long'an (a county of Nanning, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


danghnaeuz

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danghnaeuz (1957–1982 spelling daŋƅnəuƨ)


naeuz

naeuz (Sawndip forms 吽 or 𧥸 or 喽 or 咧 or 𰇞 or 吜 or 呶 or 𭈥 or ⿱口奴 or 𭉟 or 𭊇, 1957–1982 spelling nəuƨ)

吽 (Sawndip)
𧥸 (Sawndip)
喽 (Sawndip)
咧 (Sawndip)
𰇞 (Sawndip)
吜 (Sawndip)
呶 (Sawndip)
𭈥 (Sawndip)
⿱口奴 (Sawndip)
𭉟 (Sawndip)
𭊇 (Sawndip)


banhfap

means; solution; way (of doing something)


daegsaek

seveicujyi miz Cungguek daegsaek


gijmaz

From gij (“(classifier)”) + maz (“what”).


siengj

siengj (Sawndip forms 𭝒 or 相, 1957–1982 spelling sieŋз)


geijlai

From geij (“how (many)”) + lai (“many; much”).


vuenyungz

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vuenyungz (Sawndip forms 欢荣 or 欸容, 1957–1982 spelling vuenyuŋƨ)

/βuːn˨˦ juŋ˧˩/

白姓不欸容。

2015, Hanvueng: The Goose King and the Ancestral King, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN:


makbug

From mak (“fruit”) + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *buːkᴰ (“pomelo”).


gunghozgoz

gunghozgoz (1957–1982 spelling guŋhoƨgoƨ)

zh-l

共和國／共和国 (gònghéguó)


Cunghvaz Yinzminz Gunghozgoz

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Cunghvaz Yinzminz Gunghozgoz (1957–1982 spelling Cuŋƅvaƨ Yinƨminƨ Guŋhoƨgoƨ)

/ɕuŋ˧ βa˧˩ jin˧˩ min˧˩ kuŋ˧˥ ho˧˩ ko˧˩/

From Mandarin 中華人民共和國／中华人民共和国 (Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó).

zh-l

People's Republic of China (a country in Asia)


yinzminzbi

head

yinzminzbi (1957–1982 spelling yinƨminƨbi)

zh-l

人民幣／人民币 (rénmínbì)

renminbi (currency of the People's Republic of China)


daihhag

大學／大学 (dàxué)


siujyoz

小學／小学 (xiǎoxué)


cunghyoz

Liujcouh Gauhgiz Cunghyoz

Gveilinz Si Daihcibbet Cunghyoz

secondary school (including both junior high school and senior high school)


yozyau

學校／学校 (xuéxiào)


cibuh

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cibuh (classifier aen, 1957–1982 spelling cibuƅ)

From ci (“vehicle”) + buh (“clothing”). Compare Cantonese 衣車／衣车 (ji1 ce1), from 衣 (ji1, “clothing”) + 車／车 (ce1, “vehicle”).


moq

moq (Sawndip forms 𮄾 or 暮 or 𭂥 or 墓 or 嗼 or 吆 or 𮖪 or 摸 or 仫 or 𠸍 or 慕, 1957–1982 spelling moƽ)

𮄾 (Sawndip)
暮 (Sawndip)
𭂥 (Sawndip)
墓 (Sawndip)
嗼 (Sawndip)
吆 (Sawndip)
𮖪 (Sawndip)
摸 (Sawndip)
仫 (Sawndip)
𠸍 (Sawndip)
慕 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmɤːlᴮ (“new”). Cognate with Thai ใหม่ (mài), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩲ᩵, Lao ໃໝ່ (mai), Lü ᦺᦖᧈ (ṁay¹), Tai Dam ꪻꪢ꪿, Shan မႂ်ႇ (màue), Tai Nüa ᥛᥬᥱ (mǎue), Ahom 𑜉𑜧 (maw) or 𑜉𑜨𑜧 (mow), Bouyei mos.

cog

Lü ᦺᦖᧈ (ṁay¹)

just married or just about to be married


moq

Lü ᦺᦖᧈ (ṁay¹)


ndaij

head

ndaij (Sawndip forms 艿 or 萊, 1957–1982 spelling ƌaiз)


mbinj

mbinj (Sawndip forms 苠 or 𮏊 or 𬝯, 1957–1982 spelling ƃinз)


fangz

fangz (Sawndip forms 𩲠 or 防 or 放 or 𩲌 or 凢 or 𮫠 or 仿 or 𠉱 or 𫩓 or 𭠈 or 侁 or 法, 1957–1982 spelling faŋƨ)

𩲠 (Sawndip)
防 (Sawndip)
放 (Sawndip)
𩲌 (Sawndip)
凢 (Sawndip)
𮫠 (Sawndip)
仿 (Sawndip)
𠉱 (Sawndip)
𫩓 (Sawndip)
𭠈 (Sawndip)
侁 (Sawndip)
法 (Sawndip)


fangz

fangz (Sawndip forms 眆 or 𡍀, 1957–1982 spelling faŋƨ)

From Proto-Tai *ʰwaːŋᴬ (“night blind”). Cognate with Thai ฟาง (faang), Lao ຟາງ (fāng).


goemz

goemz (Sawndip forms 𭨛 or 𭉀, 1957–1982 spelling gɵmƨ)

From Proto-Tai *qwamꟲ (“to face down”). The tone of dialectal Zhuang goemz [komᴬ²] shows irregularity.
Cognate with Thai คว่ำ (kwâm), Lao ຄວ່ຳ (khuam).

(dialectal) to lower; to bend (one's head)


goemz

(dialectal) to feel for (something) under water


nyaengq

nyaengq (Sawndip forms 𮓆 or 芿, 1957–1982 spelling nyəŋƽ)

(of one's hair) messy; unkempt; dishevelled


ndaep

ndaep (Sawndip forms 㷵 or 嘿 or 𤇥 or 炩 or 𮮖, 1957–1982 spelling ƌəp)

㷵 (Sawndip)
嘿 (Sawndip)
𤇥 (Sawndip)
炩 (Sawndip)
𮮖 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɗapᴰ (“to extinguish”). Cognate with Thai ดับ (dàp), Lao ດັບ (dap), Lü ᦡᧇ (ḋab), Tai Dam ꪒꪾꪚ, Shan လပ်း (láp), Phake ꩫပ် (nap), Saek ดั๊บ.


ngoenzhong

/ŋon˧˩ hoːŋ˨˦/


ngoenzgoeng

ngoenzgoeng (1957–1982 spelling ŋɵnƨgɵŋ)

/ŋon˧˩ koŋ˨˦/


goeng

goeng (Sawndip form 公, 1957–1982 spelling gɵŋ)

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather


gaemxgienz

gaemxgienz (1957–1982 spelling gəmчgienƨ)


bujdunghva

bujdunghva (1957–1982 spelling buзduŋƅva)

zh-l

普通話／普通话 (pǔtōnghuà)


Sawgun

head

Sawgun (Sawndip form 𭨡倱, 1957–1982 spelling Səɯgun)

/θaɯ˨˦ kun˨˦/

From saw (“writing; character”) + Gun (“Han people”).


nuengx

head

nuengx (Sawndip forms 𭈕 or 𭺲 or 往 or 姓 or 侬 or 农 or 儂, 1957–1982 spelling nueŋч)

𭈕 (Sawndip)
𭺲 (Sawndip)
往 (Sawndip)
姓 (Sawndip)
侬 (Sawndip)
农 (Sawndip)
儂 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *nwoːŋꟲ (“younger sibling”). Cognate with Thai น้อง (nɔ́ɔng), Northern Thai ᨶ᩶ᩬᨦ, Lao ນ້ອງ (nǭng), Lü ᦓᦸᧂᧉ (noang²), Tai Dam ꪙ꫁ꪮꪉ, Shan ၼွင်ႉ (nâ̰ung), Ahom 𑜃𑜨𑜂𑜫 (noṅ).


gyau

gyau (Sawndip forms 蛟 or 𰳛 or 交 or 淐, 1957–1982 spelling gyau)

蛟 (Sawndip)
𰳛 (Sawndip)
交 (Sawndip)
淐 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *krwaːwᴬ (“spider”). Cognate with Tày xao.


dinghmeg

From dingh (“to judge; to decide”) + meg (“pulse”).

com

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) to take someone's pulse


gaemmeg

From gaem (“to hold; to grasp”) + meg (“pulse”).

to take someone's pulse; to feel someone's pulse


loq

head

loq (Sawndip forms 露 or 𠸪 or 啰 or 眵, 1957–1982 spelling loƽ)

露 (Sawndip)
𠸪 (Sawndip)
啰 (Sawndip)
眵 (Sawndip)

ninz loq

gangj loq


loq

loq (Sawndip forms 路 or 裸 or 洛, 1957–1982 spelling loƽ)


loxlez

loxlez (Sawndip form 啰咧, 1957–1982 spelling loчleƨ)


singqmingz

singqmingz (1957–1982 spelling siŋƽmiŋƨ)

/θiŋ˧˥ miŋ˧˩/


diegyouq

From dieg (“land; place”) + youq (“to live; to reside”).


gihgvanh

zh-l

機關／机关 (jīguān)

government organization; institution; institute; organ; agency; body


mizyauq

From miz (“to have”) + a morpheme from Chinese 效 (MC haewH, “effect”).


bengcag

/peːŋ˨˦ ɕaːk˧/

From beng (“to pull on; to tug on”) + cag (“rope”).


guk

head

guk (Sawndip forms 𮓧 or 𧋉 or 䗂 or 𰲥 or 谷 or 𤞞 or ⿺虎骨 or ⿰犭哭 or 狢 or ⿱曲几, 1957–1982 spelling guk)

𮓧 (Sawndip)
𧋉 (Sawndip)
䗂 (Sawndip)
𰲥 (Sawndip)
谷 (Sawndip)
𤞞 (Sawndip)
⿺虎骨 (Sawndip)
⿰犭哭 (Sawndip)
狢 (Sawndip)
⿱曲几 (Sawndip)


dahmbwn

From dah (“river”) + mbwn (“sky”). Compare Chinese 天河 (tiānhé), from 天 (tiān, “sky”) + 河 (hé, “river”).


biuj

biuj (classifier gaiq, 1957–1982 spelling biuз)


biuj

biuj (Sawndip form 俵, 1957–1982 spelling biuз)

cousin (child of mother's sibling or father's sister)


biuj

biuj (classifier aen, 1957–1982 spelling biuз)


byaeklinzgaeq

byaeklinzgaeq (1957–1982 spelling byəklinƨgəiƽ)


golinzgaeq

golinzgaeq (1957–1982 spelling golinƨgəiƽ)

dandelion (a plant in the genus Taraxacum)


nungzminz

zh-l

農民／农民 (nóngmín)


vunzguhnaz

head

vunzguhnaz (1957–1982 spelling vunƨguƅnaƨ)

From vunz (“person”) + guh (“to do; to work; to farm”) + naz (“paddy field”).


bouxguhnaz

head

bouxguhnaz (1957–1982 spelling bouчguƅnaƨ)

From boux- (“person of a particular profession”) + guh (“to do; to work; to farm”) + naz (“paddy field”).


fuengbienh

head

fuengbienh (1957–1982 spelling fueŋbienƅ)


loqsiengj

loqsiengj (classifier aen, 1957–1982 spelling loƽsieŋз)

/lo˧˥ θiːŋ˥/

From loq (“dream”) + siengj (“to think”). Compare Chinese 夢想／梦想 (mèngxiǎng), from 夢／梦 (mèng, “dream”) + 想 (xiǎng, “to think”).

aen loqsiengj Cungguek


cwngciyoz

/ɕɯŋ˧˥ ɕi˧˥ jo˧˩/

zh-l

政治學／政治学 (zhèngzhìxué)


cwngci

/ɕɯŋ˧˥ ɕi˧˥/


cwngci

/ɕɯŋ˧˥ ɕi˧˥/


Lenzhozgoz

head

Lenzhozgoz (1957–1982 spelling Lenƨhoƨgoƨ)

zh-l

聯合國／联合国 (Liánhéguó)


lizsij

歷史／历史 (lìshǐ)


swyouzcujyi

head

swyouzcujyi (1957–1982 spelling sɯyouƨcuзyi)

/θɯ˧˥ jou˧˩ ɕu˥ ji˧˥/

zh-l

自由主義／自由主义 (zìyóuzhǔyì)


sevei

/θe˧˥ βei˧˥/

社會／社会 (shèhuì)


fouz

From Proto-Tai *wuːᴬ (“to float”), from Chinese 浮 (MC bjuw, “to float”). Cognate with Thai ฟู (fuu), Northern Thai ᨼᩪ, Khün ᨼᩪ, Isan ฟู, Lao ຟູ (fū), Lü ᦝᦴ (fuu), Shan ၽူး (phúu) or ၾူး (fúu), Ahom 𑜇𑜥 (phū), Bouyei fux.


fouz

fouz son fouz gyauq

(used before each of a pair of words) without ... or ...; neither ... nor ...


Bwzgingh

Beijing (a municipality, the capital city of China)


lwgfwngzcaemj

head

lwgfwngzcaemj (1957–1982 spelling lɯgfɯŋƨcəmз)

/lɯk˧ fɯŋ˧˩ ɕam˥/

From lwgfwngz (“finger”) + caemj (“to dip”).


lwgfwngzcod

lwgfwngzcod (1957–1982 spelling lɯgfɯŋƨcod)

/lɯk˧ fɯŋ˧˩ ɕoːt˧/


yangzcoeng

/jaːŋ˧˩ ɕoŋ˨˦/


daengloengz

daengloengz (1957–1982 spelling dəŋlɵŋƨ)

/taŋ˨˦ loŋ˧˩/


maenzgat

yam bean; jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus, plant or root)


yaem

yaem (Sawndip form 音, 1957–1982 spelling yəm)


yaem

to give the phonetic notation of a word or character; to transcribe


yaem

yaem (Sawndip form 喑, 1957–1982 spelling yəm)


Ngozlozswh

Ngozlozswh (1957–1982 spelling Ŋoƨloƨsɯƅ)

/ŋo˧˩ lo˧˩ θɯ˧/

zh-l

俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī)

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Yizbwnj

head

Yizbwnj (Sawndip form 日本, 1957–1982 spelling Yiƨbɯnз)

Japan (a country and archipelago in East Asia)


Buzdauzyaz

Buzdauzyaz (Sawndip form 葡萄牙, 1957–1982 spelling Buƨdauƨyaƨ)

zh-l

葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá)


Cauzsenh

head

Cauzsenh (Sawndip forms 朝鮮 or 朝鲜, 1957–1982 spelling Cauƨsenƅ)

/ɕaːu˧˩ θeːn˧/

za:Cauzsenh Minzcujcujyi Yinzminz Gunghozgoz


Hanzgoz

Hanzgoz (Sawndip forms 韓國 or 韩国, 1957–1982 spelling Hanƨgoƨ)

zh-l

韓國／韩国 (Hánguó)


Dwzgoz

head

Dwzgoz (Sawndip forms 德國 or 德国, 1957–1982 spelling Dɯƨgoƨ)

zh-l

德國／德国 (Déguó)

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Yindu

head

Yindu (Sawndip form 印度, 1957–1982 spelling Yiƌu)


Sihbanhyaz

Sihbanhyaz (Sawndip form 西班牙, 1957–1982 spelling Siƅbanƅyaƨ)

zh-l

西班牙 (Xībānyá)

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Yidali

head

Yidali (Sawndip form 意大利, 1957–1982 spelling Yidali)

zh-l

意大利 (Yìdàlì)


vangzgoz

head

vangzgoz (Sawndip form 王國, 1957–1982 spelling vaŋƨgoƨ)

/βaːŋ˧˩ ko˧˩/

zh-l

王國／王国 (wángguó)


lenzbangh

head

lenzbangh (Sawndip forms 聯邦 or 联邦, 1957–1982 spelling lenƨbaŋƅ)


Audaliya

/ʔaːu˧˥ ta˧˥ li˧˥ ja˧˥/

zh-l

澳大利亞／澳大利亚 (Àodàlìyà)

Australia (A country consisting of a main island, the island of Tasmania and other smaller islands, located in Oceania; historically, a collection of former colonies of the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the land on the Australian tectonic plate, i.e. Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Yacouh

head

Yacouh (Sawndip forms 亞洲 or 亚洲, 1957–1982 spelling Yacouƅ)

zh-l

亞洲／亚洲 (Yàzhōu)

Asia (the largest continent, located between Europe and the Pacific Ocean)


Feihcouh

head

Feihcouh (Sawndip form 非洲, 1957–1982 spelling Feiƅcouƅ)

Africa (the continent south of Europe and between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans)


veijyenzvei

veijyenzvei (1957–1982 spelling veiзyenƨvei)

zh-l

委員會／委员会 (wěiyuánhuì)


Lozcwngz

/lo˧˩ ɕɯŋ˧˩/

Luocheng (a county of Hechi, Guangxi, China)


mboengqneix

head

mboengqneix (1957–1982 spelling ƃɵŋƽneiч)

/ɓoŋ˧˥ nei˦˨/


fatseng

/faːt˧˥ θeːŋ˨˦/


Aucouh

/ʔaːu˧˥ ɕou˧/


daxmeh

daxmeh (Sawndip form 㐲𭑫, 1957–1982 spelling daчmeƅ)


dax-

dax- (Sawndip form 㐲, 1957–1982 spelling daч-)

Used in kinship terms referring to an older generation.


bet nyied cibngux

bet nyied cibngux (1957–1982 spelling bet nyied cibŋuч)

/peːt˧˥ ɲiːt˧ ɕip˧ ŋu˦˨/

From Middle Chinese 八月十五 (MC peat ngjwot dzyip nguX).


ngux nyied co'ngux

ngux nyied co'ngux (1957–1982 spelling ŋuч nyied co'ŋuч)

/ŋu˦˨ ɲiːt˧ ɕo˨˦ ŋu˦˨/

From Chinese 五月初五 (MC nguX ngjwot tsrhjo nguX).

Dragon Boat Festival
Dragon Boat Festival


cunhyenz

zh-l

尊嚴／尊严 (zūnyán)


cihsaw

From cih (“classifier for characters”) + saw (“writing; character”).


Sawcuengh

head

Sawcuengh (Sawndip form 𭨡僮, 1957–1982 spelling Səɯcueŋƅ)

/θaɯ˨˦ ɕuːŋ˧/

From saw (“writing; script”) + Cuengh (“Zhuang”).


giceh

zh-l

汽車／汽车 (qìchē)


gizlawz

From giz (“place”) + lawz (“what, which”).


congh

head

congh (Sawndip forms 𰇍 or 𱦝 or 𫩘 or 冲 or 串 or ⿱穴口 or ⿱宀双, 1957–1982 spelling coŋƅ)

𰇍 (Sawndip)
𱦝 (Sawndip)
𫩘 (Sawndip)
冲 (Sawndip)
串 (Sawndip)
⿱穴口 (Sawndip)
⿱宀双 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɟoːŋᴮ (“crack, hole”). Cognate with Thai ช่อง (chɔ̂ng), Isan ซ่อง, Lao ຊ່ອງ (sǭng), Lü ᦋᦸᧂᧈ (tsoang¹).


ndaeng

ndaeng (Sawndip forms 𱌔 or ⿰鼻能 or 𮮸 or ⿰鼻曾 or ⿰鼻宁 or ⿰鼻丁 or ⿰鼻定 or ⿰鼻侖 or 登, 1957–1982 spelling ƌəŋ)

𱌔 (Sawndip)
⿰鼻能 (Sawndip)
𮮸 (Sawndip)
⿰鼻曾 (Sawndip)
⿰鼻宁 (Sawndip)
⿰鼻丁 (Sawndip)
⿰鼻定 (Sawndip)
⿰鼻侖 (Sawndip)
登 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɗaŋᴬ (“nose”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Bouyei ndangl.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ดัง (dang) or ดั้ง (dâng), Northern Thai ᨯᩢ᩠ᨦ, Lao ດັງ (dang), Lü ᦡᧂ (ḋang), Shan လင်/ၼင် (lǎng/nǎng) as in ၶူႈလင်/ၶူႈၼင် (khūu lǎng/khūu nǎng), Tai Nüa ᥘᥒ (lang), Aiton ဒင် (daṅ) or ꩫင် (naṅ), Ahom 𑜓𑜂𑜫 (daṅ) or 𑜃𑜂𑜫 (naṅ).
Possibly cognate with Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ijuŋ (“nose”).


gaej

gaej (Sawndip forms 介 or 皆 or 揩 or 改 or 䚸 or 給, 1957–1982 spelling gəiз)

介 (Sawndip)
皆 (Sawndip)
揩 (Sawndip)
改 (Sawndip)
䚸 (Sawndip)
給 (Sawndip)


Sinhsihlanz

Sinhsihlanz (Sawndip forms 新西蘭 or 新西兰, 1957–1982 spelling Sinƅsiƅlanƨ)

zh-l

新西蘭／新西兰 (Xīnxīlán)

New Zealand (a country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia)


yijyenz

head

yijyenz (Sawndip forms 語言 or 语言, 1957–1982 spelling yiзyenƨ)

zh-l

語言／语言 (yǔyán)


Bahgihswhdanj

head

Bahgihswhdanj (Sawndip form 巴基斯坦, 1957–1982 spelling Baƅgiƅsɯƅdanз)

zh-l

巴基斯坦 (Bājīsītǎn)


Munggyahlahgoz

head

Munggyahlahgoz (Sawndip forms 孟加拉國 or 孟加拉国, 1957–1982 spelling Muŋgyaƅlaƅgoƨ)

zh-l

孟加拉國／孟加拉国 (Mèngjiālāguó)


Menjden

head

Menjden (Sawndip forms 緬甸 or 缅甸, 1957–1982 spelling Menзden)


baengzyoux

baengzyoux (Sawndip form 朋友, 1957–1982 spelling bəŋƨyouч)


cwngfuj

cwngfuj (Sawndip form 政府, 1957–1982 spelling cɯŋfuз)


hucau

hucau (Sawndip forms 護照 or 护照, 1957–1982 spelling hucau)

/hu˨˦ ɕaːu˨˦/

zh-l

護照／护照 (hùzhào)


Yunghyazli

head

Yunghyazli (Sawndip form 匈牙利, 1957–1982 spelling Yuŋƅyaƨli)


Lozmajnizya

Lozmajnizya (Sawndip forms 羅馬尼亞 or 罗马尼亚, 1957–1982 spelling Loƨmaзniƨya)

zh-l

羅馬尼亞／罗马尼亚 (Luómǎníyà)

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Gwzlujgizya

head

Gwzlujgizya (Sawndip forms 格魯吉亞 or 格鲁吉亚, 1957–1982 spelling Gɯƨluзgiƨya)

zh-l

格魯吉亞／格鲁吉亚 (Gélǔjíyà)

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)


Yameijnizya

head

Yameijnizya (Sawndip forms 亞美尼亞 or 亚美尼亚, 1957–1982 spelling Yameiзniƨya)

zh-l

亞美尼亞／亚美尼亚 (Yàměiníyà)

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


ruenz

head

ruenz (Sawndip forms 𨁚 or 园 or 𮛛, 1957–1982 spelling ruenƨ)

From Proto-Tai *ɡ.lwɤːnᴬ (“to crawl”). Cognate with Thai คลาน (klaan), Lao ຄານ (khān), Shan ၵၢၼ်း (káan).


lauz

lauz (Sawndip forms 𦛨 or 𰮮 or ⿰劳油, 1957–1982 spelling lauƨ)

Possibly borrowed from Chinese 膋 (OC *reːw) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Bouyei laauz.


gyoijhom

From gyoij (“banana (general term)”) + hom (“fragrant”). Compare Mandarin 香蕉 (xiāngjiāo).


cieng

head

cieng (Sawndip forms 䐏 or 正 or 𦙫 or 𰙸 or 张, 1957–1982 spelling cieŋ)

䐏 (Sawndip)
正 (Sawndip)
𦙫 (Sawndip)
𰙸 (Sawndip)
张 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ciǝŋᴬ (“name of first month”).
Probably from Middle Chinese 正 (MC tsyeng, “first (month of the Chinese calendar)”).
Cognate with Bouyei xiangl.


duzdoengz

From duz- + doengz (“rainbow”). Cognate with Bouyei duezdoongz (“rainbow”).


saidoengz

/θaːi˨˦ toŋ˧˩/

From sai (“belt, band”) + doengz (“rainbow”).


𬻊

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 天 (“sky”) + 下 (“down”) – bottom. Compare 𡗶 (“up”).

Han compound

Sawndip form of laj (“underside; bottom”)


gwnz

head

gwnz (Sawndip forms 𡗶 or 忐 or 𨑗 or 𭆦 or 𮌈 or ⿱艮上 or 𰀏 or 㫖 or ⿺更上 or ⿱⺊恳 or 丄 or 勤 or 群, 1957–1982 spelling gɯnƨ)

𡗶 (Sawndip)
忐 (Sawndip)
𨑗 (Sawndip)
𭆦 (Sawndip)
𮌈 (Sawndip)
⿱艮上 (Sawndip)
𰀏 (Sawndip)
㫖 (Sawndip)
⿺更上 (Sawndip)
⿱⺊恳 (Sawndip)
丄 (Sawndip)
勤 (Sawndip)
群 (Sawndip)
gwnj (alternative)


yihyen

zh-l

醫院／医院 (yīyuàn)


canghyw

/ɕaːŋ˧ jɯ˨˦/

From cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) + yw (“medicine”).


husw

zh-l

護士／护士 (hùshì)

nurse (person trained to provide care for the sick)


bouxganqbingh

head

bouxganqbingh (1957–1982 spelling bouчganƽbiŋƅ)

From boux- (“person of a particular profession”) + ganq (“to care for; to nurse”) + bingh (“disease; illness”).


boux-

bouxbingh

a person of a particular type or profession


bouxlawz

From boux (“classifier for people”) + lawz (“which”), literally “which person”.


-boux

head

-boux (Sawndip forms 𠀱 or 卜 or 𠇑, 1957–1982 spelling -bouч)

Cognate with Thai ผู้ (pûu), Lao ຜູ້ (phū), Lü ᦕᦴᧉ (ṗhuu²), Shan ၽူႈ (phūu), Ahom 𑜇𑜥 (phū).

cog

Lü ᦕᦴᧉ (ṗhuu²)

gaeqboux


Bouxyaej

head

Bouxyaej (Sawndip form 俌伢, 1957–1982 spelling Bouчyəiз)

From boux- (“a person of a particular type”) + Yaej (“Bouyei”).


yiebdaeuz

From yieb (“page”, from Chinese 頁 /页) + daeuz (“first”, from Chinese 頭 /头 “head; first”). Compare Chinese 首頁／首页 (shǒuyè), from 首 (shǒu, “head; first”) + 頁／页 (yè, “page”).

zh-l

首頁／首页 (shǒuyè)


daeuz

head

daeuz (Sawndip form 头, 1957–1982 spelling dəuƨ)

From Chinese 頭 (MC duw, “head; first; leader”). Doublet of duz.


mbaengq

mbaengq (Sawndip form 𬕔, 1957–1982 spelling ƃəŋƽ)

From Proto-Tai *baŋᴮ/ꟲ (“bamboo tube”).
Cognate with Thai บั้ง (bâng), Isan บั้ง, Lao ບັ້ງ (bang), Northern Thai ᨷᩢ᩠᩶ᨦ (baŋ³), Khün ᨷᩢ᩠᩶ᨦ (baŋ³), Lü ᦢᧂᧉ (ḃang²), Shan ဝင်ႈ (wāng), Tày bẳng.

cog

Khün ᨷᩢ᩠᩶ᨦ (baŋ³)

Lü ᦢᧂᧉ (ḃang²)


gyauvei

/kʲaːu˧˥ βei˧˥/

zh-l

教會／教会 (jiàohuì)


Yehsuh

耶穌／耶稣 (Yēsū)


Yehsuh Gihduz

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Yehsuh Gihduz (1957–1982 spelling Yeƅsuƅ Giƅduƨ)

zh-l

耶穌基督／耶稣基督 (Yēsū Jīdū)


yahmaiq

From yah (“wife”) + maiq (“widow; widower”).


gaggaj

From gag (“by oneself”) + gaj (“to kill”).


doj

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doj (Sawndip forms 圡 or 仛 or 垑 or 垛, 1957–1982 spelling doз)

圡 (Sawndip)
仛 (Sawndip)
垑 (Sawndip)
垛 (Sawndip)


lwglan

From lwg (“child; son”) + lan (“grandchild; grandson”).


lanmbwk

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lanmbwk (classifier boux, 1957–1982 spelling lanƃɯk)

/laːn˨˦ ɓɯk˥/

From lan (“grandchild”) + mbwk (“female”).


lansai

lansai (classifier boux, 1957–1982 spelling lansai)

/laːn˨˦ θaːi˨˦/

From lan (“grandchild”) + sai (“man; male”).


mbwk

mbwk (Sawndip forms 𫱆 or 𭓏 or 娝 or 逼, 1957–1982 spelling ƃɯk)

𫱆 (Sawndip)
𭓏 (Sawndip)
娝 (Sawndip)
逼 (Sawndip)


miznaj

From miz (“to have”) + naj (“face; sense of honour and dignity”).


ndaej dangj vuengzdaeq sieng dangj sien

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ndaej dangj vuengzdaeq sieng dangj sien (1957–1982 spelling ƌəiз daŋз vueŋƨdəiƽ sieŋ daŋз sien)

/ɗai˥ taːŋ˥ βuːŋ˧˩ tai˧˥ θiːŋ˨˦ taːŋ˥ θiːn˨˦/

Literally "can become an emperor but want to become immortal".

(idiomatic) to be unsatisfied at the current state


riuj haizcauj

riuj haizcauj (1957–1982 spelling riuз haiƨcauз)

Literally "to carry straw sandals [for somebody]".

(idiomatic) to be an assistant of somebody


gingj boemx loengx

giŋз bɵmч lɵŋч

gingj boemx loengx (1957–1982 spelling giŋз bɵmч lɵŋч)


gingj

gingj (Sawndip forms 𣻳 or 𠶛 or 经 or 傾, 1957–1982 spelling giŋз)

𣻳 (Sawndip)
𠶛 (Sawndip)
经 (Sawndip)
傾 (Sawndip)

Cognate with Thai กลิ้ง (glîng), Lao ກິ້ງ (king), Shan ၵိင်ႈ (kīng).


loengx

loengx (Sawndip forms 笼 or 櫳 or 梇, 1957–1982 spelling lɵŋч)


boemx

(dialectal) to break (something onto the ground); to smash; to drop something and break it


riuj

riuj (Sawndip forms 𢲑 or 𭡻 or 𢩪, 1957–1982 spelling riuз)

From Proto-Tai *triːwꟲ (“to carry (a bag)”). Cognate with Thai หิ้ว (hîu), Lao ຫິ້ວ (hiu), Shan ႁိဝ်ႈ (hīo), Bouyei riuc, Saek ริ̂ว.


ma dai maet caez dai

ma dai maet caez dai (1957–1982 spelling ma dai mət cəiƨ dai)

Literally "if a dog dies, the flea [on the dog] dies with it".


ep meuz gwn meiq

ep meuz gwn meiq (1957–1982 spelling ep meuƨ gɯn meiƽ)

/ʔeːp˧˥ meːu˧˩ kɯn˨˦ mei˧˥/

Literally "to force a cat to eat vinegar".

(idiomatic) to try to make somebody do something which they will not or cannot do


dem gyaeuj dem rieng

dem gyaeuj dem rieng (1957–1982 spelling dem gyəuз dem rieŋ)

/teːm˨˦ kʲau˥ teːm˨˦ ɣiːŋ˨˦/

Literally "to add a head and add a tail".


nyaeb maet haeuj ndang

nyaeb maet haeuj ndang (1957–1982 spelling nyəb mət həuз ƌaŋ)

Literally "to pick a flea and get it into one's body".

หาเหาใส่หัว

to look for a louse and put it on one's head


aux ma doxhaeb

aux ma doxhaeb (1957–1982 spelling auч ma doчhəb)

Literally "to incite dogs to bite each other".

(idiomatic) to incite one against the other


langh bit roengz raemx

langh bit roengz raemx (1957–1982 spelling laŋƅ bit rɵŋƨ rəmч)

/laːŋ˧ pit˥ ɣoŋ˧˩ ɣam˦˨/

(idiomatic) to be just what one hopes for


byoengqhangxsaez

byɵŋƽhaŋчsəiƨ

byoengqhangxsaez (1957–1982 spelling byɵŋƽhaŋчsəiƨ)

/pʲoŋ˧˥ haːŋ˦˨ θai˧˩/

From byoengq (“to break open”) + hangx (“bottom”) + saez (“fish trap”), literally "to break open the bottom of a fish trap".

com

(idiomatic) to dig up somebody's unsavory past


gwn haeuxrog

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gwn haeuxrog (1957–1982 spelling gɯn həuчrog)

(idiomatic) to work somewhere away from home


laeujbizciuj

laeujbizciuj (1957–1982 spelling ləuзbiƨciuз)

From laeuj (“alcohol”) + Mandarin 啤酒 (píjiǔ, “beer”).


maiq

maiq (Sawndip forms 嬻 or 𢠼 or 𪥿 or ⿰女⿱𡗗夕 or 嘪 or 㜥 or 邁 or 𭟐 or ⿰亻買, 1957–1982 spelling maiƽ)

嬻 (Sawndip)
𢠼 (Sawndip)
𪥿 (Sawndip)
⿰女⿱𡗗夕 (Sawndip)
嘪 (Sawndip)
㜥 (Sawndip)
邁 (Sawndip)
𭟐 (Sawndip)
⿰亻買 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːjꟲ (“widowed”). Northern Tai points to tone *B (the tone of maiq is B1), probably due to contamination from Proto-Tai *meːᴮ (“mother”) or post-Proto-Tai *jaːᴮ ("lady"), cf. Thai แม่ม่าย (mɛːᴮ².maːjᴮ², “widow”).
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ม่าย (mâai), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ໝ້າຍ (māi), Lü ᦖᦻᧉ (ṁaay²), Shan မၢႆႈ (māai), Ahom 𑜉𑜩 (may).

cog

mɛːᴮ².maːjᴮ²

Lü ᦖᦻᧉ (ṁaay²)


Vahgun

From vah (“language”) + Gun (“Han people”).


goengda

From goeng (“paternal grandfather; old man”) + da (“maternal grandfather”).

com

maternal grandfather
maternal grandfather


ceij

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ceij (classifier mbaw, Sawndip form 帋, 1957–1982 spelling ceiз)


couj

couj (Sawndip form 吜, 1957–1982 spelling couз)


saenz

saenz (Sawndip forms 抻 or 神 or 𭡮 or 辰 or ⿰冫旬 or ⿰冫省 or 㲽 or ⿰扌神 or 寅, 1957–1982 spelling sənƨ)

抻 (Sawndip)
神 (Sawndip)
𭡮 (Sawndip)
辰 (Sawndip)
⿰冫旬 (Sawndip)
⿰冫省 (Sawndip)
㲽 (Sawndip)
⿰扌神 (Sawndip)
寅 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *salᴮ (“to tremble”). The tone of saenz [θanᴬ²] shows irregularity as a reflex of it.
In Zuojiang Zhuang, cognate with swnz (Chongzuo dialect), saenz (Ningming, Longzhou and Daxin dialects), taenz (Daxin dialect).
In Central Tai, cognate with Nong Zhuang saenq or saenz
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai สั่น (sàn), Lao ສັ່ນ (san) or ຊັ່ນ (san), Lü ᦶᦉᧃᧈ (ṡaen¹), Shan သၼ်ႇ (sàn), Ahom 𑜏𑜃𑜫 (san).

cog

Lü ᦶᦉᧃᧈ (ṡaen¹)

to shiver; to quiver; to jiggle; to tremble


ceih

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ceih (Sawndip forms ⿱制二 or ⿰手罪, 1957–1982 spelling ceiƅ)


feih

feih (Sawndip forms 啡 or 味 or 未, 1957–1982 spelling feiƅ)


youx

youx (Sawndip forms 伖 or 酉 or 伷 or 友 or 𰣊 or 𡛀, 1957–1982 spelling youч)

伖 (Sawndip)
酉 (Sawndip)
伷 (Sawndip)
友 (Sawndip)
𰣊 (Sawndip)
𡛀 (Sawndip)

lover; sweetheart; boyfriend or girlfriend


haih

haih (Sawndip forms 𠛳 or 嗐, 1957–1982 spelling haiƅ)


haih

haih (Sawndip form 𬽄, 1957–1982 spelling haiƅ)

(of things generating heat) to die down; to cool off


daengq

daengq (Sawndip forms 𣛆 or 朾, 1957–1982 spelling dəŋƽ)

From Proto-Tai *taŋᴮ (“stool”), from Middle Chinese 凳 (MC tongH, “stool, chair”). Cognate with Thai ตั่ง (dtàng), Lao ຕັ່ງ (tang), Lü ᦎᧂᧈ (ṫang¹), Tai Dam ꪔꪰ꪿ꪉ, Shan တင်ႇ (tàng), Tai Nüa ᥖᥒᥱ (tǎng), Ahom 𑜄𑜂𑜫 (taṅ).

cog

Lü ᦎᧂᧈ (ṫang¹)


daengq

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daengq (Sawndip forms 𠾡 or 𰵈 or 等 or 𲅷 or 譄, 1957–1982 spelling dəŋƽ)

𠾡 (Sawndip)
𰵈 (Sawndip)
等 (Sawndip)
𲅷 (Sawndip)
譄 (Sawndip)

to instruct; to tell (someone what to do)


Feihlizbinh

Feihlizbinh (1957–1982 spelling Feiƅliƨbinƅ)

zh-l

菲律賓／菲律宾 (Fēilǜbīn)

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


iq

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iq (Sawndip forms 𭕌 or 𭕊 or 𠲖 or 噫 or 依 or 𭓊 or 𫵋 or 𮤭, 1957–1982 spelling iƽ)

𭕌 (Sawndip)
𭕊 (Sawndip)
𠲖 (Sawndip)
噫 (Sawndip)
依 (Sawndip)
𭓊 (Sawndip)
𫵋 (Sawndip)
𮤭 (Sawndip)


ninz

ninz (Sawndip forms 𭾮 or 眠 or 𪰟 or 𭥓 or 𣑻 or 𬌭 or 能 or 脌 or 㬈 or 睔 or 哖 or 𮜵 or 眝, 1957–1982 spelling ninƨ)

𭾮 (Sawndip)
眠 (Sawndip)
𪰟 (Sawndip)
𭥓 (Sawndip)
𣑻 (Sawndip)
𬌭 (Sawndip)
能 (Sawndip)
脌 (Sawndip)
㬈 (Sawndip)
睔 (Sawndip)
哖 (Sawndip)
𮜵 (Sawndip)
眝 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *nwɯːnᴬ (“to lie down; to sleep”). Cognate with Thai นอน (nɔɔn), Northern Thai ᨶᩬᩁ, Lao ນອນ (nǭn), Lü ᦓᦸᧃ (noan), Khün ᨶᩬᩁ, Tai Dam ꪙꪮꪙ, Shan ၼွၼ်း (náun), Aiton ꩫွꩫ် (non), Ahom 𑜃𑜨𑜃𑜫 (non).


hoiq

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hoiq (Sawndip forms 𬽻 or 灰 or 仡 or 悔 or ⿱奴会 or ⿱奴回, 1957–1982 spelling hoiƽ)

𬽻 (Sawndip)
灰 (Sawndip)
仡 (Sawndip)
悔 (Sawndip)
⿱奴会 (Sawndip)
⿱奴回 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *χɔːjᴮ (“slave”).
In Zuojiang Zhuang, cognate with hoiq (Chongzuo dialect), hoij (Ningming dialect), koij (Longzhou and Daxin dialects).
In Central Tai, cognate with Nong Zhuang koij (Yanshan dialect) or kuaij (Guangnan dialect).
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Isan ข้อย, Lao ຂ້ອຍ (khǭi), Lü ᦃᦾᧉ (ẋoay²).

cog

Lü ᦃᦾᧉ (ẋoay²)


hoiq

Lü ᦃᦾᧉ (ẋoay²)


yinzhangz

zh-l

銀行／银行 (yínháng)

Cunghgoz Yinzminz Yinzhangz


cuzbanjse

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cuzbanjse (1957–1982 spelling cuƨbanзse)

/ɕu˧˩ paːn˥ θe˧˥/


yenfaz

From Mandarin 憲法／宪法 (xiànfǎ), from Japanese 憲法(けんぽう) (kenpō).

zh-l

憲法／宪法 (xiànfǎ)


sinhvwnz

/θin˧ βɯn˧˩/

From Mandarin 新聞／新闻 (xīnwén), from Japanese 新(しん)聞(ぶん) (shinbun), from Middle Chinese 新聞 (MC sin mjun).

新聞／新闻 (xīnwén)


daeuh fouh

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daeuh fouh (1957–1982 spelling dəuƅ fouƅ)


daeuh

daeuh (Sawndip forms 𭴧 or 𰞈 or 炓 or ⿱偷火 or 𪹊, 1957–1982 spelling dəuƅ)

𭴧 (Sawndip)
𰞈 (Sawndip)
炓 (Sawndip)
⿱偷火 (Sawndip)
𪹊 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *dawᴮ (“ashes (wood)”). Cognate with Thai เถ้า (tâo), Lao ເທົ່າ (thao), Lü ᦑᧁᧈ (taw¹), Shan တဝ်ႈ (tāo), Ahom 𑜄𑜧 (taw) or 𑜄𑜨𑜧 (tow).


daeuh

daeuh (Sawndip forms 浢 or 豆, 1957–1982 spelling dəuƅ)


Cunghvaz

Cunghvaz (Sawndip forms 中華 or 中华, 1957–1982 spelling Cuŋƅvaƨ)


Vwnhgohvaz

Vwnhgohvaz (1957–1982 spelling Vɯnƅgoƅvaƨ)

/βɯn˧ ko˧ βa˧˩/

zh-l

溫哥華／温哥华 (Wēngēhuá)

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

Vancouver (a seaport, the largest city in British Columbia, Canada)

Vancouver (a city, the county seat of Clark County, Washington, United States)


Swnggingh

/θɯŋ˧˥ kiŋ˧/


gingsingz

/kiŋ˨˦ θiŋ˧˩/


yihswngh

醫生／医生 (yīshēng)


eiseng

/ʔei˨˦ θeːŋ˨˦/


duzsuhgvanj

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duzsuhgvanj (1957–1982 spelling duƨsuƅgvanз)

zh-l

圖書館／图书馆 (túshūguǎn)


cangh

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cangh (Sawndip form 𰁳, 1957–1982 spelling caŋƅ)

From Chinese 匠 (MC dzjangH). Cognate with Thai ช่าง (châang), Northern Thai ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ, Khün ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ, Lao ຊ່າງ (sāng), Lü ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹), Shan ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang), Phake ꩡင် (caṅ), Ahom 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ), Khmer ជាង (ciəng).


cangz

cangz (Sawndip forms 𰅸 or 倀 or 帳 or 常, 1957–1982 spelling caŋƨ)

𰅸 (Sawndip)
倀 (Sawndip)
帳 (Sawndip)
常 (Sawndip)


cangz

cangz (Sawndip form 𭃂, 1957–1982 spelling caŋƨ)


cangz

cangz (Sawndip forms ⿰口𱐩 or 𠼔 or 𠮵 or ⿰口䒙 or 藏, 1957–1982 spelling caŋƨ)

⿰口𱐩 (Sawndip)
𠼔 (Sawndip)
𠮵 (Sawndip)
⿰口䒙 (Sawndip)
藏 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *graːŋᴬ (“to moan”). Cognate with Thai คราง (kraang).


gungcanjcujyi

gungcanjcujyi (1957–1982 spelling guŋcanзcuзyi)

/kuŋ˧˥ ɕaːn˥ ɕu˥ ji˧˥/

From Mandarin 共產主義／共产主义 (gòngchǎn zhǔyì).

zh-l

共產主義／共产主义 (gòngchǎn zhǔyì)


gungcanj

/kuŋ˧˥ ɕaːn˥/


gungcanjcujyicej

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gungcanjcujyicej (1957–1982 spelling guŋcanзcuзyiceз)

/kuŋ˧˥ ɕaːn˥ ɕu˥ ji˧˥ ɕe˥/

From Mandarin 共產主義者／共产主义者 (gòngchǎn zhǔyìzhě).

zh-l

共產主義者／共产主义者 (gòngchǎn zhǔyìzhě)


roegdingfaex

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roegdingfaex (1957–1982 spelling rɵgdiŋfəiч)

From roeg (“bird”) + ding (“to nail”) + faex (“tree; wood”).


Hozlanz

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Hozlanz (Sawndip forms 荷蘭 or 荷兰, 1957–1982 spelling Hoƨlanƨ)

zh-l

荷蘭／荷兰 (Hélán)

Holland (a traditional region of the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


dangqdaeuj

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dangqdaeuj (1957–1982 spelling daŋƽdəuз)


dangq

dangq (Sawndip forms 𬊵 or 𰃔 or ⿱当火, 1957–1982 spelling daŋƽ)


dangq

dangq (Sawndip forms 𰷁 or ⿰贝当 or 蕩, 1957–1982 spelling daŋƽ)


dangq

to be the same as; to be equivalent to; to equal


dangq

dangq (Sawndip form 趟, 1957–1982 spelling daŋƽ)


gingjcaz

From Mandarin 警察 (jǐngchá), from Japanese 警(けい)察(さつ) (keisatsu).


lwgbag

lwgbag (Sawndip form 𭒹⿰云八, 1957–1982 spelling lɯgbag)

From lwg- + a morpheme from Chinese 雹 (MC baewk).


cauhsi

/ɕaːu˧ θi˧˥/


Linzgvei

zh-l

臨桂／临桂 (Línguì)

Lingui (a district and former county of Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


Fuzsanh

Foshan (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China)


Bwzswz

Borrowed from Mandarin 百色 (Bǎisè), from Zhuang Baksaek.

Baise (a prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


swcicouh

/θɯ˧˥ ɕi˧˥ ɕou˧/


mienh

front; obverse; outer or upper surface of an object


suj

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suj (classifier aen, 1957–1982 spelling suз)


lwgbieng

lwgbieng (classifier aen, 1957–1982 spelling lɯgbieŋ)

/lɯk˧ piːŋ˨˦/

From lwg- + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *p.rweːŋᴬ (“cucumber”).


lwggva

From lwg- + gva (“gourd; melon; squash”). Cognate with Bouyei leggval (“pumpkin”).


gva

From Chinese 瓜 (MC kwae, “gourd; melon; squash”). Cognate with Bouyei gval (“gourd; pumpkin”).


gva

gva (Sawndip forms 鈲 or 瓜, 1957–1982 spelling gva)


makningzmungx

makningzmungx (1957–1982 spelling makniŋƨmuŋч)

/maːk˧˥ niŋ˧˩ muŋ˦˨/

From mak (“fruit”) + a morpheme from Chinese 檸檬／柠檬 (níngméng).


bouxsai

bouxsai (Sawndip form 俌𪟞, 1957–1982 spelling bouчsai)

From boux- (“a person of a particular type”) + sai (“male; man”).


gyaeqhenj

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gyaeqhenj (1957–1982 spelling gyəiƽhenз)


gyaeqhak

gyaeqhak (Sawndip form 𮕊⿰革克, 1957–1982 spelling gyəiƽhak)


myonzlieng

myonzlieng (1957–1982 spelling myonƨlieŋ)

/mʲoːn˧˩ liːŋ˨˦/

From myonz (“filling”) + lieng (“yellow”).


ywraemx

/jɯ˨˦ ɣam˦˨/


rauq

rauq (Sawndip forms 耢 or 𰌲 or 𮋨 or 𮋫 or 𮋨 or 𫭼, 1957–1982 spelling rauƽ)

耢 (Sawndip)
𰌲 (Sawndip)
𮋨 (Sawndip)
𮋫 (Sawndip)
𫭼 (Sawndip)


mounoh

mounoh (classifier duz, 1957–1982 spelling mounoƅ)


mouraq

From mou (“pig”) + raq (“communicable disease”).


minzgoeng

worker, labourer, especially for a public project.


mboqraemxraeuj

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mboqraemxraeuj (1957–1982 spelling ƃoƽrəmчrəuз)

/ɓo˧˥ ɣam˦˨ ɣau˥/

mboq (“spring”) + raemx (“water”) + raeuj (“hot; warm”)


raemxsaw

/ɣam˦˨ θaɯ˨˦/


swhyienz

/θɯ˧ jiːn˧˩/


swhyienz

/θɯ˧ jiːn˧˩/


roeglaej

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roeglaej (Sawndip form 𮬭𮭒, 1957–1982 spelling rɵgləiз)

From roeg (“bird”) + laej (“sparrow”). Cognate with Bouyei roglaic.


roeggungjcoz

roeggungjcoz (1957–1982 spelling rɵgguŋзcoƨ)

/ɣok˧ kuŋ˥ ɕo˧˩/

From roeg (“bird”) + gungjcoz (“peacock”), the latter from Mandarin 孔雀 (kǒngquè).


roegam

/ɣok˧ ʔaːm˨˦/


roeggumj

roeggumj (Sawndip form 𮬭鳹, 1957–1982 spelling rɵggumз)


roegbeghag

roegbeghag (1957–1982 spelling rɵgbeghag)

From roeg (“bird”) + beghag (“crane”), from Chinese 白鶴 (MC baek hak).

Siberian crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus)


beghag

Grus leucogeranus
Grus leucogeranus#Translingual


roegbit

From roeg (“bird”) + bit (“duck”). Cognate with Bouyei rogbidt.


cabceiq

/ɕaːp˧ ɕei˧˥/


bauqceij

zh-l

報紙／报纸 (bàozhǐ)


aep

(of a dog) to bark (when chasing animals)


diemj

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diemj (Sawndip form 点, 1957–1982 spelling diemз)


diemj

sam diemj


cawx

cawx (Sawndip forms 𮚜 or ⿰主買 or 𬻽 or ⿰入买 or ⿰求买 or ⿱土且 or ⿰釒𧹒 or ⿰刀买 or ⿰贝主 or ⿰买入 or 䝬 or 柱 or 𮚣 or 主 or 𭁈, 1957–1982 spelling cəɯч)

𮚜 (Sawndip)
⿰主買 (Sawndip)
𬻽 (Sawndip)
⿰入买 (Sawndip)
⿰求买 (Sawndip)
⿱土且 (Sawndip)
⿰釒𧹒 (Sawndip)
⿰刀买 (Sawndip)
⿰贝主 (Sawndip)
⿰买入 (Sawndip)
䝬 (Sawndip)
柱 (Sawndip)
𮚣 (Sawndip)
主 (Sawndip)
𭁈 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *z.ɟɯːꟲ (“to buy”). Cognate with Thai ซื้อ (sʉ́ʉ), Lao ຊື້ (sư̄), Lü ᦌᦹᧉ (sue²), Shan သိုဝ်ႉ (sṵ̂e), Ahom 𑜏𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (süw), Bouyei xex.

cog

Thai ซื้อ (sʉ́ʉ)

Shan သိုဝ်ႉ (sṵ̂e)


ced

head

ced (Sawndip form 𡚦, 1957–1982 spelling ced)


muengx

muengx (Sawndip forms 𰫘 or ⿰魚网 or 𨸁 or 𦁺 or 𦁧 or 𭩌, 1957–1982 spelling mueŋч)

𰫘 (Sawndip)
⿰魚网 (Sawndip)
𨸁 (Sawndip)
𦁺 (Sawndip)
𦁧 (Sawndip)
𭩌 (Sawndip)


beuq

beuq (Sawndip forms 𰡜 or 𤡑 or ⿰犭報 or 狍 or 犳, 1957–1982 spelling beuƽ)

𰡜 (Sawndip)
𤡑 (Sawndip)
⿰犭報 (Sawndip)
狍 (Sawndip)
犳 (Sawndip)


lwgnyez

lwgnyez (classifier boux, duz, Sawndip form 𭒹𭓍, 1957–1982 spelling lɯgnyeƨ), duz|LWG8NE2]]

lwgnyez (canonical)
boux (classifier)
duz (classifier)
𭒹𭓍 (Sawndip)

child; kid (someone who has not yet reached adulthood)


daeg

daeg (Sawndip forms 特 or 㝵, 1957–1982 spelling dəg)


dongh

dongh (Sawndip forms 𰘺 or 𰧙 or 嘡 or 埬 or 𥓝 or 柊, 1957–1982 spelling doŋƅ)

𰘺 (Sawndip)
𰧙 (Sawndip)
嘡 (Sawndip)
埬 (Sawndip)
𥓝 (Sawndip)
柊 (Sawndip)


roegraeu

roegraeu (Sawndip form 𮬭𱈲, 1957–1982 spelling rɵgrəu)

From roeg (“bird”) + raeu (“turtle dove”). Cognate with Bouyei rograul.


conghcueng

conghcueng (1957–1982 spelling coŋƅcueŋ)

/ɕoːŋ˧ ɕuːŋ˨˦/

From congh (“hole; opening”) + cueng (“window”).


cueng

head

cueng (Sawndip forms 𰩄 or ⿱宀双 or 𥦗, 1957–1982 spelling cueŋ)


makbingzgoj

makbingzgoj (1957–1982 spelling makbiŋƨgoз)

From mak (“fruit”) + Mandarin 蘋果／苹果 (píngguǒ, “apple”). Compare Lue ᦖᦱᧅᦘᦲᧃᧉᦷᦅ (ṁaakphiin²ko).


rengj

From Proto-Tai *ʰreːŋꟲ (“dried up”). Cognate with Thai แห้ง (hɛ̂ɛng), Lao ແຫ້ງ (hǣng), Lü ᦶᦠᧂᧉ (ḣaeng²), Shan ႁႅင်ႈ (hēng), Ahom 𑜑𑜢𑜂𑜫 (hiṅ), Bouyei raangx.

cog

Lü ᦶᦠᧂᧉ (ḣaeng²)


rengj

Lü ᦶᦠᧂᧉ (ḣaeng²)


baicuzsoj

head

baicuzsoj (1957–1982 spelling baicuƨsoз)

/paːi˧˥ ɕu˧˩ θo˥/


gungh'anhgiz

gungh'anhgiz (1957–1982 spelling guŋƅanƅgiƨ)


yozvei

zh-l

學會／学会 (xuéhuì)


yijvwnz

語文／语文 (yǔwén)


hangz

head

hangz (Sawndip forms 哘 or 行 or 項 or 𰈙, 1957–1982 spelling haŋƨ)

哘 (Sawndip)
行 (Sawndip)
項 (Sawndip)
𰈙 (Sawndip)


hangz

hangz (Sawndip forms 𱌩 or 胻 or 項, 1957–1982 spelling haŋƨ)

From Proto-Tai *ɢaːŋᴬ (“chin; jaw”). Cognate with Bouyei haangz, Thai คาง (kaang), Northern Thai ᨣᩤ᩠ᨦ, Lao ຄາງ (khāng), Lü ᦅᦱᧂ (kaang), Tai Dam ꪁꪱꪉ, Shan ၵၢင်း (káang), Ahom 𑜀𑜂𑜫 (kaṅ), Tày càng. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kaaŋʔ (“chin; jaw”), Muong cáng.


raemj

raemj (Sawndip forms 𭃩 or 𰅀 or 㩐 or 𭃮 or 斫, 1957–1982 spelling rəmз)

𭃩 (Sawndip)
𰅀 (Sawndip)
㩐 (Sawndip)
𭃮 (Sawndip)
斫 (Sawndip)

to chop down or off; to cut down or off; to fell


doengh

doengh (Sawndip forms 垌 or 峝 or 𰉡 or 埬, 1957–1982 spelling dɵŋƅ)

垌 (Sawndip)
峝 (Sawndip)
𰉡 (Sawndip)
埬 (Sawndip)

→ Chinese: 垌 (dòng)

From Proto-Tai *doŋᴮ (“open field”). Cognate with Thai ทุ่ง (tûng), Lao ທົ່ງ (thong), Shan တူင်ႈ (tūung). Also Vietnamese đồng.


doengh

doengh (Sawndip forms 㗢 or 同 or 動, 1957–1982 spelling dɵŋƅ)


doengh

(transitive) to play (a game in which pieces are moved, e.g. chess)

(intransitive) to wobble; to waver; to move

(intransitive) to waver; to vacillate; to waffle


namh

namh (Sawndip forms 𡎜 or 南, 1957–1982 spelling namƅ)


dieg

dieg (Sawndip forms 𭏢 or 𫭩 or 𭤵 or 𭍽 or 墑, 1957–1982 spelling dieg)

𭏢 (Sawndip)
𫭩 (Sawndip)
𭤵 (Sawndip)
𭍽 (Sawndip)
墑 (Sawndip)


gamj

gamj (Sawndip forms 𭗐 or 𡶪 or 𧯃 or 𥕵 or 鉗 or 𥑠 or 𰎺 or 𫶔 or ⿱敢石 or 噉 or 敢, 1957–1982 spelling gamз)

𭗐 (Sawndip)
𡶪 (Sawndip)
𧯃 (Sawndip)
𥕵 (Sawndip)
鉗 (Sawndip)
𥑠 (Sawndip)
𰎺 (Sawndip)
𫶔 (Sawndip)
⿱敢石 (Sawndip)
噉 (Sawndip)
敢 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *cramꟲ (“cave”). Cognate with Thai ถ้ำ (tâm), Lao ຖ້ຳ (tham), Northern Thai ᨳ᩶ᩣᩴ, Lü ᦏᧄᧉ (ṫham²), Shan ထမ်ႈ (thām), Ahom 𑜌𑜪 (thaṃ).

cog

Lü ᦏᧄᧉ (ṫham²)


lingq

head

lingq (Sawndip forms 坽 or ⿰此令 or 令 or 𢆓 or 𫭦 or 阾, 1957–1982 spelling liŋƽ)

坽 (Sawndip)
⿰此令 (Sawndip)
令 (Sawndip)
𢆓 (Sawndip)
𫭦 (Sawndip)
阾 (Sawndip)


heiq

heiq (Sawndip forms 𫌾 or 𰇣, 1957–1982 spelling heiƽ)


heiq

heiq (Sawndip forms 𣱖 or 気 or 𰇜 or 忥 or 𱞚 or 𥸽 or 炁 or ⿺辶无 or 𣱛 or 㲴 or 愾 or ⿹气𢘻 or ⿹气系, 1957–1982 spelling heiƽ)

𣱖 (Sawndip)
気 (Sawndip)
𰇜 (Sawndip)
忥 (Sawndip)
𱞚 (Sawndip)
𥸽 (Sawndip)
炁 (Sawndip)
⿺辶无 (Sawndip)
𣱛 (Sawndip)
㲴 (Sawndip)
愾 (Sawndip)
⿹气𢘻 (Sawndip)
⿹气系 (Sawndip)


luengz

luengz (Sawndip form 𲇎, 1957–1982 spelling lueŋƨ)

From Old Chinese 銅 (OC *[l]ˤoŋ, “copper”). Doublet of doengz.


congz

congz (Sawndip forms 𭩞 or 床 or 𪲝 or 𮲭 or 桩 or ⿰木冲 or 𣐄, 1957–1982 spelling coŋƨ)

𭩞 (Sawndip)
床 (Sawndip)
𪲝 (Sawndip)
𮲭 (Sawndip)
桩 (Sawndip)
⿰木冲 (Sawndip)
𣐄 (Sawndip)


dungx

dungx (Sawndip forms 𦙭 or 胴 or ⿱肚冬 or ⿰月⿱土冬, 1957–1982 spelling duŋч)

𦙭 (Sawndip)
胴 (Sawndip)
⿱肚冬 (Sawndip)
⿰月⿱土冬 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *dwuːŋᶜ (“belly”). Cognate with Thai ท้อง (tɔ́ɔng), Lao ທ້ອງ (thǭng), Northern Thai ᨴ᩶ᩬᨦ, Lü ᦑᦸᧂᧉ (toang²), Shan တွင်ႉ (tâ̰ung), Nong Zhuang dongx.


ndang

ndang (Sawndip forms 𮜴 or 躺 or 躴 or 𠌇 or ⿰亻朗 or 朗 or 𨉰 or 朖 or 𬌩 or 𪱧 or ⿰当良 or ⿰月当, 1957–1982 spelling ƌaŋ)

𮜴 (Sawndip)
躺 (Sawndip)
躴 (Sawndip)
𠌇 (Sawndip)
⿰亻朗 (Sawndip)
朗 (Sawndip)
𨉰 (Sawndip)
朖 (Sawndip)
𬌩 (Sawndip)
𪱧 (Sawndip)
⿰当良 (Sawndip)
⿰月当 (Sawndip)


daiz

to hold up; to support by holding in one's hands


gwd

Cognate with Bouyei geg (“viscous”). Compare Cantonese 杰 (git6, “viscous”), Teochew 𫀸 (geg8, “viscous”), Eastern Min 𬇴 (gṳ̆k, “viscous”), Lingao kɔt⁸ (“viscous”).


roegdoxgap

roegdoxgap (1957–1982 spelling rɵgdoчgap)

From roeg (“bird”) + [Term?] + morpheme from Chinese 鴿 (MC kop, “dove”).


faexcuk

From faex (“tree”) + a morpheme from Chinese 竹 (MC trjuwk).


baeu

baeu (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 𧉩 or 鮑 or 𩶉 or 𧉈 or 蚫, 1957–1982 spelling bəu)

duz (classifier)
𧉩 (Sawndip)
鮑 (Sawndip)
𩶉 (Sawndip)
𧉈 (Sawndip)
蚫 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *pɯwᴬ (“crab”). Cognate with Thai ปู (bpuu), Lao ປູ (pū), Tai Dam ꪜꪴ, Lü ᦔᦴ (ṗuu), Shan ပူ (pǔu), Ahom 𑜆𑜥 (pū), Bouyei baul.


baeu

baeu (Sawndip forms 𨁏 or 䟔 or 䟹, 1957–1982 spelling bəu)


baeu

baeu (Sawndip forms ⿰月布 or 怉, 1957–1982 spelling bəu)


doq

doq (Sawndip forms 𰡠 or 𤟛 or 土, 1957–1982 spelling doƽ)


doq

doq (Sawndip forms 𮔦 or 𮔛 or 蛥 or 𫊥 or 𰳜 or 𧊶, 1957–1982 spelling doƽ)

𮔦 (Sawndip)
𮔛 (Sawndip)
蛥 (Sawndip)
𫊥 (Sawndip)
𰳜 (Sawndip)
𧊶 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *toːᴮ (“bee”).
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ต่อ (dtɔ̀ɔ), Lao ຕໍ່ (tǭ), Lü ᦎᦸᧈ (ṫoa¹), Shan တေႃႇ (tàu).
Compare Mon ထောဝ်.

cog

Lü ᦎᦸᧈ (ṫoa¹)


doq

head

doq (Sawndip forms 𰇳 or 度 or 哆, 1957–1982 spelling doƽ)


doq

doq (Sawndip forms 拸 or 𠱹 or 托 or 𢱋, 1957–1982 spelling doƽ)

拸 (Sawndip)
𠱹 (Sawndip)
托 (Sawndip)
𢱋 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *toːᴮ (“bee”).
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ต่อ (dtɔ̀ɔ), Lao ຕໍ່ (tǭ).

to make; to build; to construct (something out of wood)


gvi

gvi (Sawndip form ⿰魚龟, 1957–1982 spelling gvi)


gvi

gvi (Sawndip form ⿰失見, 1957–1982 spelling gvi)


roeggacak

roeggacak (Sawndip form 𮬭𱈡𪀣, 1957–1982 spelling rɵggacak)

/ɣok˧ ka˨˦ ɕaːk˧˥/

From roeg (“bird”) + ga (“crow; raven”) + morpheme from Chinese 鵲 (MC tshjak).


roeggae

From roeg (“bird”) + a morpheme from Chinese 雞 (MC kej).


biqrengh

/pi˧˥ ɣeːŋ˧/


dinz

From Proto-Tai *b.twiːlᴬ (“wasp”). Cognate with Thai แตน (dtɛɛn), Bouyei dinz.


nengznyaen

nengznyaen (1957–1982 spelling neŋƨnyən)

/neːŋ˧˩ ɲan˨˦/


faeqfwj

(dialectal, including Wuming) bat (animal)


raeu

From Proto-Tai *trawᴬ (“head louse”). Cognate with Thai เหา (hǎo), Northern Thai ᩉᩮᩢᩣ, Lao ເຫົາ (hao), Lü ᦠᧁ (ḣaw), Tai Dam ꪹꪬꪱ, Shan ႁဝ် (hǎo), Saek เหร่า.


roegfek

roegfek (Sawndip form 𮬭𪀢, 1957–1982 spelling rɵgfek)


naiq

naiq (Sawndip forms 𤷈 or 𭝎 or 𢖱 or 耐 or ⿱耐心 or ⿰耒爱 or 乃 or ⿸疒耐 or 疓 or 㿍 or 奈, 1957–1982 spelling naiƽ)

𤷈 (Sawndip)
𭝎 (Sawndip)
𢖱 (Sawndip)
耐 (Sawndip)
⿱耐心 (Sawndip)
⿰耒爱 (Sawndip)
乃 (Sawndip)
⿸疒耐 (Sawndip)
疓 (Sawndip)
㿍 (Sawndip)
奈 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰnaːjᴮ (“tired; bored”). Cognate with Thai หน่าย (nàai), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨶ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ໜ່າຍ (nāi), Khün ᩉ᩠ᨶ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lü ᦐᦻᧈ (ṅaay¹), Bouyei naais, Zuojiang Zhuang naiq.

cog

Khün ᩉ᩠ᨶ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨿ

Lü ᦐᦻᧈ (ṅaay¹)


byalae

Monopterus albus
Monopterus albus#Translingual


fw

head

fw (Sawndip forms 魩 or 鮄 or 𧒀 or 魮 or 𩶆 or 鮅 or 𱆬 or ⿱非魚 or ⿰魚云 or ⿰𧾷魚, 1957–1982 spelling fɯ)

魩 (Sawndip)
鮄 (Sawndip)
𧒀 (Sawndip)
魮 (Sawndip)
𩶆 (Sawndip)
鮅 (Sawndip)
𱆬 (Sawndip)
⿱非魚 (Sawndip)
⿰魚云 (Sawndip)
⿰𧾷魚 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰwɯəᴬ (“water tortoise”). Cognate with Shan ပႃၽႃ (pǎa phǎa), Nong Zhuang pa.


gaeqseng

/kai˧˥ θeːŋ˨˦/


gaeqmeh

From gaeq (“chicken”) + meh (“mother; female”).


byaleix

From bya (“fish”) + a morpheme from Chinese 鯉 (MC liX).


gyaep

head

gyaep (Sawndip form 魻, 1957–1982 spelling gyəp)

From Proto-Tai *klecꟲ (“fish scale”), from Old Chinese 介 (OC *kreːds, “shell; to wear armour”). Aberrant final /-p/ appears in some Central Tai and Northern Tai dialects.
Cognate with Thai เกล็ด (glèt), Northern Thai ᨠᩖᩮᩢᨯ, Lao ເກັດ (ket), Tai Nüa ᥐᥥᥖᥱ (kět), Lü ᦵᦂᧆ (k̇ed), Shan ၵဵတ်း (káet).


gyaep

gyaep (Sawndip forms 笈 or 𮅪 or ⿱𥫗却, 1957–1982 spelling gyəp)

From Proto-Tai *klɤpᴰ (“bamboo hat”).
Cognate with Northern Thai ᨠᩩ᩠ᨷ, Lao ກຸບ (kup), Khün ᨠ᩠ᨷᩩ, Lü ᦂᦳᧇ (k̇ub), Shan ၵုပ်း (kúp).
Compare Old Chinese 笠 (OC *ɡ·rɯb, “bamboo hat”).


gyaep

gyaep (Sawndip forms 趿 or 𢰽 or 𰸣 or 𮜓, 1957–1982 spelling gyəp)

趿 (Sawndip)
𢰽 (Sawndip)
𰸣 (Sawndip)
𮜓 (Sawndip)


moeb

moeb (Sawndip forms ⿱打未 or 木 or 𥃨 or 㩏 or ⿰打未, 1957–1982 spelling mɵb)

⿱打未 (Sawndip)
木 (Sawndip)
𥃨 (Sawndip)
㩏 (Sawndip)
⿰打未 (Sawndip)

to hit (someone or something); to strike; to smack


hoenx

hoenx (Sawndip forms 揾 or 掍 or 捪 or 捆 or 𰓠 or 𭠢, 1957–1982 spelling hɵnч)

揾 (Sawndip)
掍 (Sawndip)
捪 (Sawndip)
捆 (Sawndip)
𰓠 (Sawndip)
𭠢 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɣoːlꟲ (“to hammer”).
Cognate with Thai ค้อน (kɔ́ɔn), Lao ຄ້ອນ (khǭn), Shan ၶွၼ်ႉ (khâ̰un), Ahom 𑜁𑜨𑜃𑜫 (khon), Saek กฺอน.


baeg

baeg (Sawndip forms 𢘠 or 𫩡 or 𰅋 or ⿱北力 or 㕷 or 𢘣 or 𱱍 or ⿰而北 or ⿱北而 or ⿰白皮 or ⿰累百 or ⿰白累 or ⿱北喘 or ⿰白息 or 白, 1957–1982 spelling bəg)

𢘠 (Sawndip)
𫩡 (Sawndip)
𰅋 (Sawndip)
⿱北力 (Sawndip)
㕷 (Sawndip)
𢘣 (Sawndip)
𱱍 (Sawndip)
⿰而北 (Sawndip)
⿱北而 (Sawndip)
⿰白皮 (Sawndip)
⿰累百 (Sawndip)
⿰白累 (Sawndip)
⿱北喘 (Sawndip)
⿰白息 (Sawndip)
白 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *bakᴰ (“to rest”). Cognate with Thai พัก (pák), Lao ພັກ (phak), Lü ᦗᧅ (pak) or ᦘᧅ (phak).


gvej

gvej (Sawndip forms 𧊅 or 螝 or 蛌 or 蝰 or 䱉 or 蛆 or 𰳃 or 蝫 or ⿰虫基, 1957–1982 spelling gveз)

𧊅 (Sawndip)
螝 (Sawndip)
蛌 (Sawndip)
蝰 (Sawndip)
䱉 (Sawndip)
蛆 (Sawndip)
𰳃 (Sawndip)
蝫 (Sawndip)
⿰虫基 (Sawndip)


gvej

gvej (Sawndip forms 𭄖 or 𰅁 or ⿰釒寡 or ⿰刀寡 or 刵 or 𱔣 or ⿰入割, 1957–1982 spelling gveз)

𭄖 (Sawndip)
𰅁 (Sawndip)
⿰釒寡 (Sawndip)
⿰刀寡 (Sawndip)
刵 (Sawndip)
𱔣 (Sawndip)
⿰入割 (Sawndip)


nyauh

nyauh (Sawndip forms ⿰虫夭 or 蛲 or ⿰虫尭 or 𰳤 or 𧍔 or 鱙, 1957–1982 spelling nyauƅ)

⿰虫夭 (Sawndip)
蛲 (Sawndip)
⿰虫尭 (Sawndip)
𰳤 (Sawndip)
𧍔 (Sawndip)
鱙 (Sawndip)


gungq

gungq (Sawndip forms 𧋄 or 䱋 or ⿱蝦共 or 𮓶, 1957–1982 spelling guŋƽ)

𧋄 (Sawndip)
䱋 (Sawndip)
⿱蝦共 (Sawndip)
𮓶 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *kuŋᴮ/ꟲ (“shrimp”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Saek กุง.
In Zuojiang Zhuang, cognate with gungj (Ningming, Longzhou and Daxin dialects), gungq as in gungqbangh (Chongzuo dialect).
In Central Tai, cognate with Nong Zhuang gungq.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai กุ้ง (gûng), Lao ກຸ້ງ (kung), Lü ᦂᦳᧂᧉ (k̇ung²), Tai Dam ꪀꪴ꫁ꪉ (kung3), Tai Dón ꪶꪀꪉꫂ (kung3), Shan ၵုင်ႈ (kūng), Tai Nüa ᥐᥨᥒᥲ (kòng), Phake ကုင် (kuṅ), Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜂𑜫 (kuṅ).

cog

Lü ᦂᦳᧂᧉ (k̇ung²)


raez

head

raez (Sawndip forms 𰿏 or 𬼓 or 𮡙 or ⿺尾梨 or ⿺尾黎 or ⿰黎長 or ⿰長厘 or ⿰累長 or ⿺走長 or ⿱利介, 1957–1982 spelling rəiƨ)

𰿏 (Sawndip)
𬼓 (Sawndip)
𮡙 (Sawndip)
⿺尾梨 (Sawndip)
⿺尾黎 (Sawndip)
⿰黎長 (Sawndip)
⿰長厘 (Sawndip)
⿰累長 (Sawndip)
⿺走長 (Sawndip)
⿱利介 (Sawndip)

dohraez


raez

raez (Sawndip forms 𮦳 or 𡀂 or 梨 or 𭇉 or 嚟, 1957–1982 spelling rəiƨ)

𮦳 (Sawndip)
𡀂 (Sawndip)
梨 (Sawndip)
𭇉 (Sawndip)
嚟 (Sawndip)


dinj

dinj (Sawndip forms 𭿽 or ⿰短丁 or ⿱短丁 or 𰦡 or ⿰短斤 or 𤤆 or 𨱥, 1957–1982 spelling dinз)

𭿽 (Sawndip)
⿰短丁 (Sawndip)
⿱短丁 (Sawndip)
𰦡 (Sawndip)
⿰短斤 (Sawndip)
𤤆 (Sawndip)
𨱥 (Sawndip)


saeq

saeq (Sawndip forms ⿱细小 or 虽 or 歲 or 𮈩, 1957–1982 spelling səiƽ)

⿱细小 (Sawndip)
虽 (Sawndip)
歲 (Sawndip)
𮈩 (Sawndip)


saeq

saeq (Sawndip forms 𬿴 or 伺 or 司 or ⿰官司, 1957–1982 spelling səiƽ)

𬿴 (Sawndip)
伺 (Sawndip)
司 (Sawndip)
⿰官司 (Sawndip)


bienzngeiz

bienzngeiz (1957–1982 spelling bienƨŋeiƨ)


bienzngeiz

advantage; benefit (usually unfairly gained)


bya'ndoek

From bya (“fish”) + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *C̥.dokᴰ (“catfish”).


byagaq

Chinese perch; mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi)


byavanx

/pʲa˨˦ βaːn˦˨/

From bya (“fish”) + a morpheme from Chinese 鯇 (MC hwaenX).

Ctenopharyngodon idella
Ctenopharyngodon idella


byalingz

/pʲa˨˦ liŋ˧˩/

From bya (“fish”) + a morpheme from Chinese 鯪 (MC ling).


byacaek

From bya (“fish”) + a morpheme from Chinese 鯽 (MC tsjek|tsik).


byaraiz

/pʲa˨˦ ɣaːi˧˩/


byaj

byaj (Sawndip forms 𮦯 or ⿺電化 or 𱁠 or 𪥉 or 𫕠 or 𮦞 or ⿺岜雷 or ⿰雷乍, 1957–1982 spelling byaз)

𮦯 (Sawndip)
⿺電化 (Sawndip)
𱁠 (Sawndip)
𪥉 (Sawndip)
𫕠 (Sawndip)
𮦞 (Sawndip)
⿺岜雷 (Sawndip)
⿰雷乍 (Sawndip)


rieng

rieng (Sawndip forms 𭯢 or 𭯙 or 𰎅 or ⿺尾羊 or ⿺尾两 or ⿺尾亮 or ⿺尾量, 1957–1982 spelling rieŋ)

𭯢 (Sawndip)
𭯙 (Sawndip)
𰎅 (Sawndip)
⿺尾羊 (Sawndip)
⿺尾两 (Sawndip)
⿺尾亮 (Sawndip)
⿺尾量 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *trwɤːŋᴬ (“tail”). Cognate with Thai หาง (hǎang), Northern Thai ᩉᩣ᩠ᨦ, Lao ຫາງ (hāng), Lü ᦠᦱᧂ (ḣaang), Shan ႁၢင် (hǎang), Ahom 𑜍𑜂𑜫 (raṅ), Saek หร่วง.


rieng

rieng (Sawndip forms 𰪎 or 𬕑 or 香 or 筤 or ⿱竹量 or ⿱竹⿺尾羊, 1957–1982 spelling rieŋ)

𰪎 (Sawndip)
𬕑 (Sawndip)
香 (Sawndip)
筤 (Sawndip)
⿱竹量 (Sawndip)
⿱竹⿺尾羊 (Sawndip)

basket made of woven bamboo strips used to hold fish


gyaeujhoq

From gyaeuj (“head”) + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *χowᴮ (“knee”). Compare Thai หัวเข่า (hǔua-kào, “knee”).

knee (joint in the middle of the leg and area around it)


deih

deih (Sawndip forms 𫭩 or 𭍽, 1957–1982 spelling deiƅ)


deih

deih (Sawndip forms ⿰⿹节丿⿹节丿 or 地 or ⿱地山 or ⿰口对 or ⿰宻弟 or 𬀮 or 𠼲 or ⿰帝又, 1957–1982 spelling deiƅ)

⿰⿹节丿⿹节丿 (Sawndip)
地 (Sawndip)
⿱地山 (Sawndip)
⿰口对 (Sawndip)
⿰宻弟 (Sawndip)
𬀮 (Sawndip)
𠼲 (Sawndip)
⿰帝又 (Sawndip)


youq

youq (Sawndip forms 𭆨 or 𭆩 or 𭭠 or 𰊎, 1957–1982 spelling youƽ)

𭆨 (Sawndip)
𭆩 (Sawndip)
𭭠 (Sawndip)
𰊎 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ˀjuːᴮ (“to be (in a place)”). Cognate with Thai อยู่ (yùu), Northern Thai ᩀᩪ᩵, Lao ຢູ່ (yū), Lü ᦊᦴᧈ (ẏuu¹), Tai Dam ꪤꪴ꪿, Shan ယူႇ (yùu), Ahom 𑜊𑜥 (jʸū), Bouyei qyus.

cog

Lü ᦊᦴᧈ (ẏuu¹)


youq

Lü ᦊᦴᧈ (ẏuu¹)


heuh

head

heuh (Sawndip forms 呺 or 嘵 or ⿰⿺𠃊吕十, 1957–1982 spelling heuƅ)

lij heuh


cancwngh

/ɕaːn˨˦ ɕɯŋ˧/


Saen Saelanz

Saen Saelanz (1957–1982 spelling Sən Səilanƨ)

/θan˨˦ θai˨˦ laːn˧˩/

From Cantonese 新西蘭 /新西兰 (san¹ sai¹ laan⁴).


Daibingzyangz

Daibingzyangz (1957–1982 spelling Daibiŋƨyaŋƨ)

/taːi˨˦ piŋ˧˩ jaːŋ˧˩/


doenghduz

From doengh (“some; a few”) + duz (classifier for animals).


ndat

head

ndat (Sawndip forms 燵 or 𰞌 or 𰞌 or 𤇥 or 𭦆 or 𭴴 or 烙, 1957–1982 spelling ƌat)

燵 (Sawndip)
𰞌 (Sawndip)
𤇥 (Sawndip)
𭦆 (Sawndip)
𭴴 (Sawndip)
烙 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɗɤːtᴰ (“to boil (intransitive)”). Cognate with Thai เดือด (dʉ̀ʉat), Lao ເດືອດ (dư̄at), Shan လိူတ်ႇ (lòet). Also compare Cantonese 焫 (naat3, “to burn; to scald”).


ndat

head

ndat (Sawndip forms ⿰虫逹 or 𬊉, 1957–1982 spelling ƌat)


miux

From Chinese 秒 (MC mjiewX). Doublet of myauj.


vwnzyoz

/βɯn˧˩ jo˧˩/

zh-l

文學／文学 (wénxué)


gamjcingz

/kaːm˥ ɕiŋ˧˩/


ngoenzbyug

head

ngoenzbyug (1957–1982 spelling ŋɵnƨbyug)

ngoenz + byug; the latter from Proto-Tai *ɟm̩.rukᴰ (“tomorrow”). Cognate with Thai พรุ่ง (prûng), Northern Thai ᨻᩕᩪᨠ or ᨽᩪᨠ, Lao ພຸກ (phuk) (in ພຸກນີ້ (phuk nī)), Lü ᦘᦳᧅ (phuk), Shan ၽုၵ်ႈ (phūk).


funghvuengz

funghvuengz (1957–1982 spelling fuŋƅvueŋƨ)

/fuŋ˧ βuːŋ˧˩/


saeu

From Proto-Tai *sawᴬ (“pillar”). Cognate with Thai เสา (sǎo), Lao ເສົາ (sao), Lü ᦉᧁ (ṡaw), Shan သဝ် (sǎo), Tai Nüa ᥔᥝᥴ (sáw), Ahom 𑜏𑜧 (saw), Zuojiang Zhuang sieu.


doenghgo

From doengh (“some; a few”) + go (classifier for plants).


imq

head

imq (Sawndip forms 飪 or 𰪯 or 𩚕 or ⿰飠音 or 䦦 or ⿰口隂 or 喑 or 䏕, 1957–1982 spelling imƽ)

飪 (Sawndip)
𰪯 (Sawndip)
𩚕 (Sawndip)
⿰飠音 (Sawndip)
䦦 (Sawndip)
⿰口隂 (Sawndip)
喑 (Sawndip)
䏕 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʔiːmᴮ (“satiated”). Cognate with Thai อิ่ม (ìm), Lao ອິ່ມ (ʼim) or ອີ່ມ (ʼīm), Lü ᦀᦲᧄᧈ (˙ʼiim¹), Shan ဢိမ် (ʼǐm), Ahom 𑜒𑜢𑜉𑜫 (ʼim).

cog

Lü ᦀᦲᧄᧈ (˙ʼiim¹)


imq

Lü ᦀᦲᧄᧈ (˙ʼiim¹)


byaekbohcaiq

head

byaekbohcaiq (1957–1982 spelling byəkboƅcaiƽ)

From byaek + a morpheme from Chinese 菠菜 (MC pa tshojH).


byaekmbungj

byaekmbungj (1957–1982 spelling byəkƃuŋз)

From byaek + mbungj, the latter from Proto-Tai *ɓuŋꟲ (“morning glory”). Cognate with Thai บุ้ง (bûng), Lao ບຸ້ງ (bung) or ບົ້ງ (bong).


coeng

coeng (Sawndip form 萗, 1957–1982 spelling cɵŋ)


coeng

coeng (Sawndip forms 𣮤 or 综 or 𰚠, 1957–1982 spelling cɵŋ)


vunqdiz

zh-l

問題／问题 (wèntí)


najbyak

From naj (“face”) + byak, the latter from Proto-Tai *praːkᴰ (“forehead”). Cognate with Thai ผาก (pàak), Lao ຜາກ (phāk), Shan ၽၢၵ်ႇ (phàak) (as in ၼႃႈၽၢၵ်ႇ (nāa phàak)).


gyae

head

gyae (Sawndip forms 𮟧 or 𰺻 or 奚 or 追 or 𨒑 or 𨃬 or ⿺遠及 or ⿰酉袁 or ⿰吹远 or ⿰𧾷袁 or 哜 or ⿱⿰吉彡友 or 𱔲 or ⿰巨远 or 迼 or 远, 1957–1982 spelling gyəi)

𮟧 (Sawndip)
𰺻 (Sawndip)
奚 (Sawndip)
追 (Sawndip)
𨒑 (Sawndip)
𨃬 (Sawndip)
⿺遠及 (Sawndip)
⿰酉袁 (Sawndip)
⿰吹远 (Sawndip)
⿰𧾷袁 (Sawndip)
哜 (Sawndip)
⿱⿰吉彡友 (Sawndip)
𱔲 (Sawndip)
⿰巨远 (Sawndip)
迼 (Sawndip)
远 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *k.lajᴬ (“far”). Cognate with Thai ไกล (glai), Lao ໄກ (kai), Lü ᦺᦂ (k̇ay), Shan ၵႆ (kǎi), Tai Nüa ᥐᥭ (kay), Ahom 𑜀𑜩 (kay), Bouyei jael, Nong Zhuang gae.


gyawj

From Proto-Tai *k.raɰꟲ (“near”). Cognate with Thai ใกล้ (glâi), Northern Thai ᨠᩖᩲ᩶ or ᨠᩖᩱ᩶, Lao ໃກ້ (kai) or ໄກ້ (kai), Lü ᦺᦂᧉ (k̇ay²), Shan ၵၢႆ (kǎai), Ahom 𑜀𑜧 (kaw) or 𑜀𑜩 (kay), Bouyei jaec.

cog

Lü ᦺᦂᧉ (k̇ay²)


mbwnnamh

/ɓɯn˨˦ naːm˧/


cengh

head

cengh (Sawndip form 瀞, 1957–1982 spelling ceŋƅ)


gizcangj

/ki˧˩ ɕaːŋ˥/

zh-l

局長／局长 (júzhǎng)

Gizcangj ngamq daeuj.

2013, Banh Cauzyangz, “Gingq Caz”, in Ngoenzseng Raeujrub, Nanning: Guangxi Nationalities Publishing House, →ISBN, archived from the original on 2021-12-14:


vayoz

化學／化学 (huàxué)


denhvwnz

/teːn˧ βɯn˧˩/


veisingh

/βei˨˦ θiŋ˧/

衛星／卫星 (wèixīng)


cungsim

/ɕuŋ˨˦ θim˨˦/

Daengngoenz de youq cungsim haehdaengngoenz.

The Sun is at the centre of the Solar system.


yienhsiengq

head

yienhsiengq (1957–1982 spelling yienƅsieŋƽ)

/jiːn˧ θiːŋ˧˥/

From Chinese 現象 (MC henH zjangX), from Japanese 現象 (genshō).


ceiq

most, -est (forms the superlative of adjectives)


ceiq

From Chinese 置 (MC triH, “to install; to buy”).


sojmiz

Partial calque from Chinese 所有 (MC srjoX hjuwX).


laeng

From Proto-Tai *ʰlaŋᴬ (“back”). Cognate with Thai หลัง (lǎng), Lao ຫຼັງ (lang), Lü ᦜᧂ (l̇ang), Tai Dam ꪨꪰꪉ, Shan လင် (lǎng), Aiton လင် (laṅ), Ahom 𑜎𑜂𑜫 (laṅ), Bouyei langl.


Haijdai

From haij + dai. Calque from Chinese 死海 (Sǐhǎi).


gvangq

From Middle Chinese 廣 (MC kwangX). Cognate with Ahom 𑜀𑜡𑜂𑜫 (kāṅ), Thai กว้าง (gwâang), Northern Thai ᨠ᩠ᩅ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦ, Lao ກວ້າງ (kuāng), Lü ᦦᦱᧂᧉ (k̇waang²), Shan ၵႂၢင်ႈ (kwāang), Phake ကင် (kaṅ), Bouyei gvaangs. Compare Sui faangc (“wide, broad”), Southern Kam kuangt (“wide, broad”).


ciengq

ciengq (Sawndip forms 𰖊 or ⿰昌戈 or ⿰昌系, 1957–1982 spelling cieŋƽ)


doengzeiq

/toŋ˧˩ ʔei˧˥/


oij

oij (Sawndip forms 𫉁 or ⿱艹⿰每卩 or 𮐂 or 𪳗 or ⿱艹悔 or 桧 or 荷 or 菏 or ⿱艹椅 or ⿰蔗意, 1957–1982 spelling oiз)

𫉁 (Sawndip)
⿱艹⿰每卩 (Sawndip)
𮐂 (Sawndip)
𪳗 (Sawndip)
⿱艹悔 (Sawndip)
桧 (Sawndip)
荷 (Sawndip)
菏 (Sawndip)
⿱艹椅 (Sawndip)
⿰蔗意 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʔoːjꟲ (“sugar cane”). Cognate with Thai อ้อย (ɔ̂i), Lao ອ້ອຍ (ʼǭi), Lü ᦀᦾᧉ (˙ʼoay²), Bouyei oix.

cog

Lao ອ້ອຍ (ʼǭi)

Lü ᦀᦾᧉ (˙ʼoay²)

Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum officinarum#Translingual


mbaw

From Proto-Tai *ɓaɰᴬ (“leaf”). Cognate with Thai ใบ (bai), Lao ໃບ (bai), Lü ᦺᦢ (ḃay), Tai Dam ꪻꪚ, Shan မႂ် (mǎue) or ဝႂ် (wǎue), Ahom 𑜈𑜧 (baw), 𑜈𑜧𑜨 (bawo), 𑜉𑜧 (maw), or 𑜉𑜧𑜨 (mawo), Saek เบ๋อ, Tày bâư.


golinxvaiz

head

golinxvaiz (1957–1982 spelling golinчvaiƨ)

go (“classifier for plants”) + linx (“tongue”) + vaiz (“water buffolo”).


raeuq

head

raeuq (Sawndip forms 𭇚 or 𠸳 or 𠼇 or 𪡟 or ⿰口救 or 哣 or 𭸃 or 犾, 1957–1982 spelling rəuƽ)

𭇚 (Sawndip)
𠸳 (Sawndip)
𠼇 (Sawndip)
𪡟 (Sawndip)
⿰口救 (Sawndip)
哣 (Sawndip)
𭸃 (Sawndip)
犾 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰrawᴮ (“to bark”). Compare Middle Chinese 吼 (MC xuwX|xuwH, “to roar; to shout”). Cognate with Thai เห่า (hào), Lao ເຫົ່າ (hao), Shan ႁဝ်ႇ (hào), Ahom 𑜑𑜧 (haw), Nong Zhuang haeuq.


ngwzdoeg

From ngwz (“snake”) + doeg (“poison; venom”).


daemq

daemq (Sawndip forms 𨱥 or 𱍠 or ⿸广登 or 𮞻 or 僜 or 𡍸 or 𬻄 or 迍 or 偘 or ⿰土品 or 丁 or 𡏷, 1957–1982 spelling dəmƽ)

𨱥 (Sawndip)
𱍠 (Sawndip)
⿸广登 (Sawndip)
𮞻 (Sawndip)
僜 (Sawndip)
𡍸 (Sawndip)
𬻄 (Sawndip)
迍 (Sawndip)
偘 (Sawndip)
⿰土品 (Sawndip)
丁 (Sawndip)
𡏷 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *tamᴮ (“low; short (not tall)”). Cognate with Thai ต่ำ (dtàm), Lao ຕ່ຳ (tam), Shan တႅမ်ႇ (tèm), Ahom 𑜄𑜪 (taṃ) or 𑜄𑜉𑜫 (tam), Bouyei dams.

inh

short; low (having a small vertical dimension)


biek

head

biek (Sawndip forms 莂 or 𰱕 or 𮎩 or ⿰比芋 or 𮐆, 1957–1982 spelling biek)

莂 (Sawndip)
𰱕 (Sawndip)
𮎩 (Sawndip)
⿰比芋 (Sawndip)
𮐆 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *prɯəkᴰ (“taro”). Cognate with Thai เผือก (pʉ̀ʉak), Lao ເຜືອກ (phư̄ak), Shan ၽိူၵ်ႇ (phòek), Tai Nüa ᥚᥫᥐᥱ (phǒek), Ahom 𑜇𑜢𑜤𑜀𑜫 (phük).


gvehoengz

/kʷe˨˦ hoŋ˧˩/


nyouh

From Proto-Tai *niəwᴮ (“urine”), from Middle Chinese 尿 (MC newH, “urine; to piss”). Cognate with Thai เยี่ยว (yîao), Lao ຍ່ຽວ (nyiāu), Lü ᦵᦍᧁᧈ (yew¹), Tai Dam ꪹꪑꪸ꪿ꪫ, Shan ယဵဝ်ႈ (yāeo), Ahom 𑜊𑜢𑜈𑜫 (jʸiw), Nong Zhuang nyuh, Saek หญู้.

cog

Lü ᦵᦍᧁᧈ (yew¹)


gijngoz

A late loan from Chinese 企鵝 (MC khjeX nga).


cwzyoz

From Mandarin 哲學／哲学 (zhéxué), from Japanese 哲学 (tetsugaku).

zh-l

哲學／哲学 (zhéxué)


dijyuz

From Mandarin 體育／体育 (tǐyù), from Japanese 体育 (taiiku).

體育／体育 (tǐyù)


cogya

/ɕo˨˦ kʲa˨˦/


coh

head

coh (Sawndip forms 𭓖 or 初 or 助 or ⿱初名, 1957–1982 spelling coƅ)

𭓖 (Sawndip)
初 (Sawndip)
助 (Sawndip)
⿱初名 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɟɤːᴮ (“name”), from Early Middle Chinese 字 (MC dziH, “courtesy name”). Cognate with Thai ชื่อ (chʉ̂ʉ), Northern Thai ᨩᩨ᩵, Isan ซื่อ, Lao ຊື່ (sư̄), Lü ᦋᦹᧈ (tsue¹), Shan ၸိုဝ်ႈ (tsūe), Ahom 𑜋𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (chüw) or 𑜋𑜥 (chū).


hawq

From Proto-Tai *χaɰᴮ (“dry”). Cognate with Nong Zhuang kawq.


naeuh

From Proto-Tai *nawᴮ (“rotten”). Cognate with Thai เน่า (nâo), Northern Thai ᨶᩮᩢ᩵ᩣ, Lao ເນົ່າ (nao), Lü ᦓᧁᧈ (naw¹), Shan ၼဝ်ႈ (nāo), Ahom 𑜃𑜧 (naw) or 𑜃𑜧𑜈𑜫 (naww), Saek เหน้า.


byaij

byaij (Sawndip forms 𨃅 or 䠊 or 𬦱 or 派 or 𮛒 or 𰺺 or 跿 or 𨂐 or ⿺辶走 or ⿺走拜 or 孨 or ⿰𧾷罢, 1957–1982 spelling byaiз)

𨃅 (Sawndip)
䠊 (Sawndip)
𬦱 (Sawndip)
派 (Sawndip)
𮛒 (Sawndip)
𰺺 (Sawndip)
跿 (Sawndip)
𨂐 (Sawndip)
⿺辶走 (Sawndip)
⿺走拜 (Sawndip)
孨 (Sawndip)
⿰𧾷罢 (Sawndip)


canghfwen

canghfwen (Sawndip form 𰁳欢, 1957–1982 spelling caŋƅfɯen)

/ɕaːŋ˧ fɯːn˨˦/

folksinger; singer of traditional Zhuang songs


cungq

cungq (Sawndip forms 𠁦 or 𣐄 or 冲 or 仲 or 銃 or 总 or 中, 1957–1982 spelling cuŋƽ)

𠁦 (Sawndip)
𣐄 (Sawndip)
冲 (Sawndip)
仲 (Sawndip)
銃 (Sawndip)
总 (Sawndip)
中 (Sawndip)


gaeu

From Proto-Tai *qawᴬ (“horn”). Cognate to Thai เขา (kǎo), Northern Thai ᨡᩮᩢᩣ, Lao ເຂົາ (khao), Lü ᦃᧁ (ẋaw), Shan ၶဝ် (khǎo), Ahom 𑜁𑜧 (khaw) or 𑜁𑜨𑜧 (khow).


rueg

From Proto-Tai *rwɯəkᴰ (“to vomit”). Cognate with Nong Zhuang raeg.


daeuq

daeuq (Sawndip forms ⿰木陋 or 梪 or ⿱梭斗, 1957–1982 spelling dəuƽ)

From Proto-Tai *p.rawᴮ (“shuttle of loom”).


hwet

hwet (Sawndip forms 𣎚 or 𦚡 or 𰮸 or 𮗅 or ⿱胡弓 or 肐, 1957–1982 spelling hɯet)

𣎚 (Sawndip)
𦚡 (Sawndip)
𰮸 (Sawndip)
𮗅 (Sawndip)
⿱胡弓 (Sawndip)
肐 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̥ .wɯǝtᴰ (“waist”) > *hwɯǝtᴰ.


saek

saek (Sawndip forms 𢬘 or ⿰由色 or 噻 or 測 or 𢯩 or 德, 1957–1982 spelling sək)

𢬘 (Sawndip)
⿰由色 (Sawndip)
噻 (Sawndip)
測 (Sawndip)
𢯩 (Sawndip)
德 (Sawndip)


saek

saek (Sawndip forms 噻 or 色 or 𠲅 or 則, 1957–1982 spelling sək)

噻 (Sawndip)
色 (Sawndip)
𠲅 (Sawndip)
則 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *sakᴰ (“one or so; any”).
Cognate with Thai สัก (sàk).

any at all (used in negative constructions to emphasize the complete absence of something)


𠲖

Sawndip form of ae (“classifier used for adult men”)


𦙜

Sawndip form of aek (“chest; breast; thorax”)


okdaeuj

From ok (“to exit”) + daeuj (“to come”).


𩇭

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): phonetic 非 + semantic 火 (“fire”)


𬼣

Sawndip form of gyaeuj (“head; headhair”)


𦺥

Sawndip form of gyu (“wild amaranth; pigweed”)


𰯔

Sawndip form of gemj (“cheek (of face)”)


𰪯

Sawndip form of imq (“to be full; to be satiated”)


gijgwn

gij (“classifier”) + gwn (“to eat, to drink”).


Lingz

a surname, transcribed as 凌 (Líng) in Chinese


haeuxyangz

head

haeuxyangz (classifier faek, Sawndip form 𬖙⿰米羊, 1957–1982 spelling həuчyaŋƨ)

From haeux (“rice”) + yangz, a morpheme from Chinese, often thought to be from 洋 (MC yang, “foreign”), though Wei (2018) suggests that it is more likely from 皇 (MC hwang, “imperial”) instead. Cognate with Bouyei hauxyaangz (“sorghum”).

Raeuz aeu geiq / Seizneix ndaem haeuxyangz

2021, Yang Yang, quoting He Jian Shui, Meta-functional Equivalent Translation of Chinese Folk Song: Intercultural Communication of Zhuang Ethnic Minority as an Example, Zhejiang University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 4:


𰘙

Sawndip form of nduk (“rotten; vicious”)


ningq

ningq (Sawndip forms 㤖 or 咛 or 𡨴 or 吝, 1957–1982 spelling niŋƽ)

㤖 (Sawndip)
咛 (Sawndip)
𡨴 (Sawndip)
吝 (Sawndip)


ningq

ningq (Sawndip form 𠀃, 1957–1982 spelling niŋƽ)


𡨴

Sawndip form of ningq (“small; young (as a child)”)


𢘠

Sawndip form of baeg (“to be tired; to gasp”)


lwgbaed

lwgbaed (classifier aen, Sawndip form 𭒹胇, 1957–1982 spelling lɯgbəd)

From lwg- (“small object”) + baed (“pupil”).


gvaq

gvaq (Sawndip forms 卦 or 挂 or 咵 or 𰻀 or 𭺚, 1957–1982 spelling gvaƽ)

卦 (Sawndip)
挂 (Sawndip)
咵 (Sawndip)
𰻀 (Sawndip)
𭺚 (Sawndip)


gvaq

Used after a verb to indicate that the verb's action has the effect of moving across something: across; over

Used after a verb to indicate that the verb's action is completed: already

Used after a verb to indicate that the verb's action or circumstance has occurred: already; before

Used after an adjective to indicate a comparison: more ... than

Used after a verb to indicate that the verb's action is enough to match or exceed the object


𭾘

Sawndip form of baed (“pupil (of the eye)”)


𭀯

Sawndip form of baed (“Buddha; shrine; spirit; god”)


𰞅

Sawndip form of youz (“oil; fat; grease”)


goujyanghdangz

goujyanghdangz (1957–1982 spelling gouзyaŋƅdaŋƨ)


nyauj

nyauj (Sawndip forms 蹺 or 𬦦 or 跤, 1957–1982 spelling nyauз)


nyauj

to claw; to scratch with claws or fingernails


gauhgiz cunghyoz

gauhgiz cunghyoz (1957–1982 spelling gauƅgiƨ cuŋƅyoƨ)

From Mandarin 高級中學／高级中学 (gāojí zhōngxué).

zh-l

高級中學／高级中学 (gāojí zhōngxué)

Liujcouh Gauhgiz Cunghyoz

senior high school (including both junior high school and senior high school)


ngazcat

/ŋa˧˩ ɕaːt˧˥/


ngoenzlwenz

head

ngoenzlwenz (Sawndip form 𭥓𭧒, 1957–1982 spelling ŋɵnƨlɯenƨ)

/ŋon˧˩ lɯːn˧˩/

From ngoenz (“day”) + lwenz (“yesterday (only in compounds)”).


ngoenzcog

head

ngoenzcog (Sawndip form 𭥓𭦎, 1957–1982 spelling ŋɵnƨcog)

/ŋon˧˩ ɕoːk˧/

From ngoenz (“day”) + cog (“future; tomorrow (in compounds)”).


doengxhaemh

head

doengxhaemh (1957–1982 spelling dɵŋчhəmƅ)


gyanghaemh

gyanghaemh (1957–1982 spelling gyaŋhəmƅ)


gyangngoenz

gyangngoenz (Sawndip form 𮤏𭥓, 1957–1982 spelling gyaŋŋɵnƨ)

/kʲaːŋ˨˦ ŋon˧˩/


doengxhwnz

doengxhwnz (1957–1982 spelling dɵŋчhɯnƨ)

/toŋ˦˨ hɯn˧˩/

(dialectal) the middle of the night; late at night


doengxngoenz

doengxngoenz (1957–1982 spelling dɵŋчŋɵnƨ)

/toŋ˦˨ ŋon˧˩/


banringz

/paːn˨˦ ɣiŋ˧˩/

From ban- (prefix for time) + ringz (noon).


gyanghwnz

/kʲaːŋ˨˦ hɯn˧˩/


gauhgiz

zh-l

高級／高级 (gāojí)

high-grade; high-class; advanced; senior


duzyiuh

From duz- + yiuh (“Eurasian sparrowhawk”).

Eurasian sparrowhawk
Eurasian sparrowhawk


yiuh

head

yiuh (Sawndip forms 䴃 or 𰃥 or ⿰鷹校 or 摇 or 鴁, 1957–1982 spelling yiuƅ)

䴃 (Sawndip)
𰃥 (Sawndip)
⿰鷹校 (Sawndip)
摇 (Sawndip)
鴁 (Sawndip)


romh

romh (Sawndip forms 𭥪 or 洸 or 𭧓, 1957–1982 spelling romƅ)


yiuhrumz

From yiuh (“sparrowhawk”) + rumz (“wind”).


binghsiengh

binghsiengh (1957–1982 spelling biŋƅsieŋƅ)

/piŋ˧ θiːŋ˧/


ciengz

ciengz (Sawndip forms 垟 or 长, 1957–1982 spelling cieŋƨ)


daiq

daiq (Sawndip forms 𡛕 or 𭑼, 1957–1982 spelling daiƽ)

From Proto-Tai *naːjᴬ (“maternal grandmother”). Cognate with Thai ยาย (yaai), Lao ຍາຍ (nyāi), Shan ၼၢႆး (náai).

inh

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother


daiq

head

daiq (Sawndip forms 帒 or 太 or 代, 1957–1982 spelling daiƽ)


raq

raq (Sawndip forms 疜 or ⿸瘟下 or 𤷟 or 吓 or 𪵩 or ⿰下大 or 嗄 or 迓, 1957–1982 spelling raƽ)

疜 (Sawndip)
⿸瘟下 (Sawndip)
𤷟 (Sawndip)
吓 (Sawndip)
𪵩 (Sawndip)
⿰下大 (Sawndip)
嗄 (Sawndip)
迓 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *raːᴮ (“epidemic”). Cognate with Thai ห่า (hàa), Northern Thai ᩁ᩵ᩣ, Lao ຮ່າ (hā), Shan ႁႃႈ (hāa), Phake ꩭႃ (hā), Ahom 𑜍𑜠 (ra), Zuojiang Zhuang haq.

communicable disease; pestilence; plague


raq

to contract a communicable disease; to be diseased


raq

raq (Sawndip forms 𭰪 or 啦 or 拉 or 吪 or 𮳃 or 𣳓 or 洽 or 汏 or ⿰火杀 or 𭲢, 1957–1982 spelling raƽ)

𭰪 (Sawndip)
啦 (Sawndip)
拉 (Sawndip)
吪 (Sawndip)
𮳃 (Sawndip)
𣳓 (Sawndip)
洽 (Sawndip)
汏 (Sawndip)
⿰火杀 (Sawndip)
𭲢 (Sawndip)

Used for occurrences of an event that is usually violent or dangerous.


raq

raq (Sawndip form 𪵩, 1957–1982 spelling raƽ)


raq

raq (Sawndip form 吓, 1957–1982 spelling raƽ)


raq

raq (Sawndip forms 𰋒 or 𭐾, 1957–1982 spelling raƽ)

(dialectal) Used for groups of people or animals: group of; flock of


lwgraz

lwgraz (classifier naed, 1957–1982 spelling lɯgraƨ)


rongzgyau

/ɣoːŋ˧˩ kʲaːu˨˦/


rongz

rongz (Sawndip forms 𥦌 or 笼 or 𱜖 or 紌, 1957–1982 spelling roŋƨ)

𥦌 (Sawndip)
笼 (Sawndip)
𱜖 (Sawndip)
紌 (Sawndip)


baek

baek (Sawndip form 𰞃, 1957–1982 spelling bək)

to stew; to decoct; to cook slowly in an earthen pot


baek

baek (Sawndip forms 𢫣 or 拍 or 北, 1957–1982 spelling bək)

Cognate with Zuojiang Zhuang baek, Proto-Southwestern Tai *pakᴰˢ² (“to insert; to plant a stake”) (whence Thai ปัก (bpàk), Lao ປັກ (pak), Tai Dam ꪜꪰꪀ, Shan ပၵ်း (pák), Phake ပက် (pak), Ahom 𑜆𑜀𑜫 (pak)).


𣔉

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl)


𪽖

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): phonetic 那 (OC *naːl, *naːlʔ, *naːls) + semantic 田 (“farm”)


𦬎

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 艸 (“grass, herb, plant”) + phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ)


𫖂

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): phonetic 那 (OC *naːl, *naːlʔ, *naːls) + semantic 面 (“face”)


𥅂

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 他 (OC *l̥ʰaːl)


𡎜

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 土 (“soil”) + phonetic 南 (OC *nuːm)

Sawndip form of namh (“earth, soil, dirt”)


gvak

head

gvak (Sawndip forms 𮢏 or 刮 or 鈼, 1957–1982 spelling gvak)

From Chinese 钁 (MC kjwak). Compare Vietnamese cuốc and Proto-Be *kuakᴰ¹ (whence kuak⁷ in modern lects).


fouj

fouj (Sawndip forms 𠛈 or 𰼢 or 鈇 or 䤣 or 富 or 夫 or 府 or ⿰釒府, 1957–1982 spelling fouз)

𠛈 (Sawndip)
𰼢 (Sawndip)
鈇 (Sawndip)
䤣 (Sawndip)
富 (Sawndip)
夫 (Sawndip)
府 (Sawndip)
⿰釒府 (Sawndip)


dangzrwi

/taːŋ˧˩ ɣɯːi˨˦/


loeghozraez

loeghozraez (1957–1982 spelling lɵghoƨrəiƨ)

From loeg (“deer”) + hoz (“neck”) + raez (“long”).


gisongih

zh-l

計算機／计算机 (jìsuànjī)


cuzcuhceh

head

cuzcuhceh (1957–1982 spelling cuƨcuƅceƅ)

zh-l

出租車／出租车 (chūzūchē)


ciokco

/ɕi˨˦ ʔoːk˧˥ ɕo˨˦/

From ci (“car; vehicle”) + okco (“to rent out”), a calque from Mandarin 出租車／出租车 (chūzūchē).

zh-l

出租車／出租车 (chūzūchē)


gyahyouzcan

head

gyahyouzcan (1957–1982 spelling gyaƅyouƨcan)

filling station; gas station; petrol station; service station


fungbau

Vunz song ranz yaek doxbiek le, Liz laujbanj hawj lwg gou aen fungbau he, gou rox vunz Dunghgvanj maij soengq fungbau, hix bwh miz aen fungbau he hawj lwg de.

2013, Banh Cauzyangz, “Youq Dunghgvanj Baiqnienz”, in Ngoenzseng Raeujrub, Nanning: Guangxi Nationalities Publishing House, →ISBN, archived from the original on 2021-12-14:


bwz

bwz (Sawndip forms 𫃚 or 𮈊, 1957–1982 spelling bɯƨ)


makgyamj

From mak (“fruit”) + gyamj (“(Chinese) olive”).

com

olive, especially the Chinese olive (fruit)


beksingq

head

beksingq (Sawndip forms 𰋿姓 or 白姓, 1957–1982 spelling beksiŋƽ)

/peːk˧˥ θiŋ˧˥/


aiswhbing

/ʔaːi˧˥ θɯ˧ piŋ˧˥/


bingh'aiswhbing

bingh'aiswhbing (1957–1982 spelling biŋƅaisɯƅbiŋ)

/piŋ˧ ʔaːi˧˥ θɯ˧ piŋ˧˥/

From bingh (“disease”) + aiswhbing (“AIDS”), from Mandarin 艾滋病 (àizībìng).


bingh

bingh (Sawndip forms 𭼑 or 𰂞 or ⿺死并, 1957–1982 spelling biŋƅ)


binghmabag

binghmabag (1957–1982 spelling biŋƅmabag)

From bingh (“disease”) + mabag (“mad dog”).


madwknyaen

madwknyaen (classifier duz, 1957–1982 spelling madɯknyən)


dwknyaen

From dwk (“to catch; to hunt”) + nyaen (“wild animal”).


dwk

head

dwk (Sawndip forms 廸 or 的 or 𢛳, 1957–1982 spelling dɯk)

to exorcise; to drive out (an evil spirit)


bazsiujsiz gunghcozci

bazsiujsiz gunghcozci (1957–1982 spelling baƨsiuзsiƨ guŋƅcoƨci)

/pa˧˩ θiu˥ θi˧˩ kuŋ˧ ɕo˧˩ ɕi˧˥/

Borrowed from Mandarin 八小時工作制 /八小时工作制 (bā xiǎoshí gōngzuòzhì).