bit

head

bit (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 鴓 or 𱈶 or ⿰品鳥, 1957–1982 spelling bit)

duz (classifier)
鴓 (Sawndip)
𱈶 (Sawndip)
⿰品鳥 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *pitᴰ (“duck”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Bouyei bidt, Saek ปิ๊ด.
In Zuojiang Zhuang, cognate with bwt (Chongzuo and Ningming dialects) or bit (Longzhou dialect) or bet (Daxin dialect).
In Central Tai, cognate with Nong Zhuang bet (Guangnan dialect) or baet (Yanshan dialect) or byet.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai เป็ด (bpèt), Northern Thai ᨸᩮᩢ᩠ᨯ, Isan เป็ด, Lao ເປັດ (pet), Khün ᨸᩮ᩠ᨯ, Lü ᦵᦔᧆ (ṗed), Tai Dam ꪹꪜꪸꪒ, Shan ပဵတ်း (páet), Tai Nüa ᥙᥥᥖᥱ (pět), Ahom 𑜆𑜢𑜄𑜫 (pit).
Compare Old Chinese 鴄 (OC *pʰid), Proto-Be *ɓitᴰ¹.

cog

Lü ᦵᦔᧆ (ṗed)


bit

head

bit (classifier gaiq, Sawndip forms 𣭈 or 𰚎, 1957–1982 spelling bit)

gaiq (classifier)
𣭈 (Sawndip)
𰚎 (Sawndip)


mi

From Proto-Tai *ʰmwuːjᴬ (“pubic hair”). Cognate with Thai หมอย (mɔ̌ɔi), Lao ໝອຍ (mǭi), Shan မွႆ (mǎui), Ahom 𑜉𑜨𑜩 (moy).


bat

bat (Sawndip forms 朳 or 𥐙 or 鈸 or 叭 or 拔, 1957–1982 spelling bat)

朳 (Sawndip)
𥐙 (Sawndip)
鈸 (Sawndip)
叭 (Sawndip)
拔 (Sawndip)


bid

bid (Sawndip forms 䖩 or 𧏻, 1957–1982 spelling bid)


go

male relative outside of one's nuclear family, of the same generation, and older than oneself; brother-in-law or cousin


sin

sin (Sawndip form 辛, 1957–1982 spelling sin)


bag

bag (Sawndip forms 𭼈 or ⿸疒百 or 怕 or 剥, 1957–1982 spelling bag)

𭼈 (Sawndip)
⿸疒百 (Sawndip)
怕 (Sawndip)
剥 (Sawndip)


saw

saw (Sawndip forms 𭨡 or 字 or 𰗂 or 𭓙 or 𰁈, 1957–1982 spelling səɯ)

𭨡 (Sawndip)
字 (Sawndip)
𰗂 (Sawndip)
𭓙 (Sawndip)
𰁈 (Sawndip)
sw (alternative)

From Proto-Tai *sɯːᴬ (“writing; book”), from Middle Chinese 書 (MC syo, “writing; book”). Cognate with Lao ສື (sư̄), Thai สือ (sʉ̌ʉ).


伝

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 云.


sap

head

sap (Sawndip form 𫊷, 1957–1982 spelling sap)

From Proto-Tai *saːpᴰ (“cockroach”). Cognate with Thai สาบ (sàap), Lao ສາບ (sāp), Shan သၢပ်ႇ (sàap), Bouyei saabt.


et

et (Sawndip form 𬖋, 1957–1982 spelling et)

steamed leaf-wrapped cake made of glutinous rice paste


九

Sawndip form of gyaeuj (“head; headhair”)


rin

rin (Sawndip forms 𬒞 or 𰧄 or 𮀡 or 砛 or 𮀙 or ⿰石土 or ⿱石心 or 碒 or 磊 or ⿰石忍 or 𡊵 or ⿵门石 or 磌 or 鿬 or 䂩 or ⿱火䡛 or 䂝 or 𮀝 or 磷 or 碄 or 斫, 1957–1982 spelling rin)

𬒞 (Sawndip)
𰧄 (Sawndip)
𮀡 (Sawndip)
砛 (Sawndip)
𮀙 (Sawndip)
⿰石土 (Sawndip)
⿱石心 (Sawndip)
碒 (Sawndip)
磊 (Sawndip)
⿰石忍 (Sawndip)
𡊵 (Sawndip)
⿵门石 (Sawndip)
磌 (Sawndip)
鿬 (Sawndip)
䂩 (Sawndip)
⿱火䡛 (Sawndip)
䂝 (Sawndip)
𮀝 (Sawndip)
磷 (Sawndip)
碄 (Sawndip)
斫 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *triːlᴬ (“stone”); Cognate with Thai หิน (hǐn), Lao ຫີນ (hīn), Lü ᦠᦲᧃ (ḣiin), Shan ႁိၼ် (hǐn), Tai Nüa ᥞᥤᥢᥴ (hín), Ahom 𑜍𑜢𑜃𑜫 (rin), Saek หรี่น.


bo

bo (Sawndip forms 𡏋 or 圤 or 坡 or 𫭝, 1957–1982 spelling bo)

𡏋 (Sawndip)
圤 (Sawndip)
坡 (Sawndip)
𫭝 (Sawndip)


佛

Sawndip form of baed (“Buddha; shrine; spirit; god”)


倱

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡuːnʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 昆 (OC *kuːn)


减

Sawndip form of gemj (“cheek (of face)”)


吪

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋʷaːl): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls)


岜

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 巴.


崬

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 東


憶

Sawndip form of aek (“chest; breast; thorax”)


汏

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *daːds, *tʰaːd): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 大 (OC *daːds, *daːds)


沋

Sawndip form of youz (“oil; fat; grease”)


浢

Sawndip form of daeuh (“seaweed, algae”)


犸

(less common) Sawndip form of max (“horse”)


疜

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 下 (OC *ɡraːʔ, *ɡraːs)

Sawndip form of raq (“disease, pestilence, plague”)


胇

Sawndip form of baed (“pupil (of the eye)”)


胬

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): phonetic 奴 (OC *naː) + semantic 肉 (“meat”)


au

head

au (Sawndip forms 𰠍 or 傲 or ⿰𫠤处 or ⿰男要 or 嗷 or 敖 or 奧 or 𬽱 or ⿰父教 or 𬿪, 1957–1982 spelling au)

𰠍 (Sawndip)
傲 (Sawndip)
⿰𫠤处 (Sawndip)
⿰男要 (Sawndip)
嗷 (Sawndip)
敖 (Sawndip)
奧 (Sawndip)
𬽱 (Sawndip)
⿰父教 (Sawndip)
𬿪 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʔaːwᴬ (“father's younger brother”). Cognate with Thai อาว (aao), Ahom 𑜒𑜧 (`ao), Lao ອາວ (ʼāo) and Tày áo.


si

Nanzningz Si


ga

head

ga (Sawndip forms 𮛑 or 胩 or 跏 or 軻, 1957–1982 spelling ga)

𮛑 (Sawndip)
胩 (Sawndip)
跏 (Sawndip)
軻 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *p.qaːᴬ (“leg”). Cognate with Thai ขา (kǎa), Northern Thai ᨡᩣ, Lao ຂາ (khā), Lü ᦃᦱ (ẋaa), Shan ၶႃ (khǎa), Tai Nüa ᥑᥣᥴ (xáa), Ahom 𑜁𑜡 (khā), Bouyei gal.


鴓

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mbliːɡ): phonetic 必 (OC *pliɡ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”)


ra

From Proto-Tai *p.taːᴬ (“eye”). See da for more.


da

head

da (Sawndip forms 𥅂 or 𭾚 or 𰥗 or 𰥎 or 𠯈 or 他 or 哆 or 打, 1957–1982 spelling da)

𥅂 (Sawndip)
𭾚 (Sawndip)
𰥗 (Sawndip)
𰥎 (Sawndip)
𠯈 (Sawndip)
他 (Sawndip)
哆 (Sawndip)
打 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *p.taːᴬ (“eye”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Bouyei dal.
In Zuojiang Zhuang, cognate with ha (Longzhou and Daxin dialects) or ta as in makta etc. (Ningming and Chongzuo dialects).
In Central Tai, cognate with Nong Zhuang ta.
In Southwesten Tai, cognate with Thai ตา (dtaa), Northern Thai ᨲᩣ, Lao ຕາ (tā), Lü ᦎᦱ (ṫaa), Tai Dam ꪔꪱ, Shan တႃ (tǎa), Aiton တႃ (tā), Ahom 𑜄𑜠 (ta) or 𑜄𑜡 (tā).
Possibly cognate with Proto-Austronesian *maCa (“eye”).
Within Kra-Dai, compare Sui ndal, Southern Kam dal, Hlai [ʈʂʰaː¹] and Lingao [ɗa¹].
Compare Old Chinese 睹 (OC *taːʔ, “to see”).

joint; knot; node (in a stem or branch of a plant)


da

da (Sawndip forms 𭖯 or 㐲 or 𰁫 or ⿰老他 or ⿰口夛 or 他 or 她 or 大, 1957–1982 spelling da)

𭖯 (Sawndip)
㐲 (Sawndip)
𰁫 (Sawndip)
⿰老他 (Sawndip)
⿰口夛 (Sawndip)
他 (Sawndip)
她 (Sawndip)
大 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *taːᴬ (“maternal grandfather”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Bouyei dal.
In Zuojiang Zhuang, cognate with Zuojiang Zhuang da as in gungqda (Longzhou, Ningming and Chongzuo dialects) or dah as in gungzdah (Daxin dialect).
In Central Tai, cognate with Nong Zhuang daq (Guangnan dialect).
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ตา (dtaa), Lao ຕາ (tā), Lü ᦎᦱ (ṫaa), Shan တႃ (tǎa).
Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ʔt₁aʔ (“male elder”) (Old Khmer អ្តា, Khmer តា (taa)).

inh

maternal grandfather
maternal grandfather


lik

From Proto-Tai *ʰlekᴰ (“iron”), from Old Chinese 鐵 (OC *l̥ʰiːɡ, “iron”). Cognate with Thai เหล็ก (lèk), Lao ເຫຼັກ (lek), Shan လဵၵ်း (láek), Lü ᦵᦜᧅ (l̇ek), Tai Nüa ᥘᥥᥐᥱ (lěk), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜀𑜫 (lik), Nong Zhuang liak. Doublet of diet.


nou

head

nou (Sawndip forms 狃 or 𮮬 or 𧉭, 1957–1982 spelling nou)

From Proto-Tai *ʰnuːᴬ (“mouse; rat”). Cognate with Thai หนู (nǔu), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨶᩪ, Lao ໜູ (nū), Lü ᦐᦴ (ṅuu), Tai Dam ꪘꪴ, Shan ၼူ (nǔu), Saek หนู่.


sa

sa (Sawndip form 砟, 1957–1982 spelling sa)


sai

sai (Sawndip forms 𪟞 or 仔 or 哉 or 腮 or 偲, 1957–1982 spelling sai)

𪟞 (Sawndip)
仔 (Sawndip)
哉 (Sawndip)
腮 (Sawndip)
偲 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʑaːjᴬ (“male”). Cognate with Thai ชาย (chaai), Northern Thai ᨩᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ຊາຍ (sāi), Lü ᦋᦻ (tsaay), Shan ၸၢႆး (tsáai), Tai Nüa ᥓᥣᥭᥰ (tsäay), Ahom 𑜋𑜩 (chay).


sai

sai (Sawndip forms 𧛷 or 緦 or 腮 or 哉 or 𬗹 or 彩, 1957–1982 spelling sai)

𧛷 (Sawndip)
緦 (Sawndip)
腮 (Sawndip)
哉 (Sawndip)
𬗹 (Sawndip)
彩 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *saːjᴬ (“cord; string”). Cognate with Thai สาย (sǎai), Lao ສາຍ (sāi).


diet

From Chinese 鐵 (MC thet). Doublet of lek and lik.


ek

ek (Sawndip forms 兀 or 𰠪 or 枙 or 𣐎, 1957–1982 spelling ek)

兀 (Sawndip)
𰠪 (Sawndip)
枙 (Sawndip)
𣐎 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʔeːkᴰ (“yoke”), from Middle Chinese 軛 (MC 'eak, “yoke”). Cognate with Thai แอก (ɛ̀ɛk), Lao ແອກ (ʼǣk), Tai Dam ꪵꪮꪀ, Shan ဢႅၵ်ႇ (ʼèk), Ahom 𑜒𑜢𑜀𑜫 (ʼik).

cog

Shan ဢႅၵ်ႇ (ʼèk)


lo

head

lo (Sawndip form ⿰女卢, 1957–1982 spelling lo)


gai

gai (Sawndip form 街, 1957–1982 spelling gai)

From Chinese 街 (MC kea|keaj, “street”). Cognate with Bouyei gaail and Tày cai. Compare Cantonese 街 (gaai1).


din

din (Sawndip forms 䟓 or 𬻚 or 𭴀 or 丁 or 𮛷 or 𧿬 or 䠄 or 𦘭 or 伩 or 𱓂, 1957–1982 spelling din)

䟓 (Sawndip)
𬻚 (Sawndip)
𭴀 (Sawndip)
丁 (Sawndip)
𮛷 (Sawndip)
𧿬 (Sawndip)
䠄 (Sawndip)
𦘭 (Sawndip)
伩 (Sawndip)
𱓂 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *tiːnᴬ (“foot”). Cognate with Thai ตีน (dtiin), Lao ຕີນ (tīn), Lü ᦎᦲᧃ (ṫiin), Shan တိၼ် (tǐn), Ahom 𑜄𑜢𑜃𑜫 (tin), Bouyei dinl.


lab

lab (Sawndip forms 曪 or 腊, 1957–1982 spelling lab)


fax

fax (Sawndip forms 𭱇 or 𫯨 or 𪥉, 1957–1982 spelling faч)

From Proto-Tai *vaːꟲ (“sky; weather”). Cognate with Thai ฟ้า (fáa), Northern Thai ᨼ᩶ᩣ, Lao ຟ້າ (fā), Lü ᦝᦱᧉ (faa²), Shan ၽႃႉ (phâ̰a) or ၾႃႉ (fâ̰a), Ahom 𑜇𑜠 (pha), 𑜇𑜡 (phā), 𑜇𑜨𑜠 (phoa), 𑜇𑜨𑜡 (phoā) or 𑜇𑜞𑜠 (phra).


cou

cou (Sawndip form ⿱日召, 1957–1982 spelling cou)


ma

ma (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 𬌫 or 獁 or 𬍄 or 𰡪 or 䭾 or 庅 or 犸 or 𭸱, 1957–1982 spelling ma)

duz (classifier)
𬌫 (Sawndip)
獁 (Sawndip)
𬍄 (Sawndip)
𰡪 (Sawndip)
䭾 (Sawndip)
庅 (Sawndip)
犸 (Sawndip)
𭸱 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“dog”). Cognate with
Thai หมา (mǎa),
Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ,
Lao ໝາ (mā),
Lü ᦖᦱ (ṁaa),
Tai Dam ꪢꪱ,
Shan မႃ (mǎa),
Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥴ (máa),
Aiton မႃ (mā),
Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma),
Saek หม่า.


va

va (Sawndip forms 椛 or 𦭈, 1957–1982 spelling va)


baz

baz (Sawndip forms 妑 or 𡚭, 1957–1982 spelling baƨ)


haw

haw (Sawndip forms 𰁴 or 𫣞 or ⿰土黑, 1957–1982 spelling həɯ)


nag

nag (Sawndip forms 𤜽 or 纳 or 𭸐 or 𭸢 or 那, 1957–1982 spelling nag)

𤜽 (Sawndip)
纳 (Sawndip)
𭸐 (Sawndip)
𭸢 (Sawndip)
那 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *naːkᴰ (“otter”). Cognate with Thai นาก (nâak), Lao ນາກ (nāk), Tai Dam ꪙꪱꪀ, Tày nạc, Ahom 𑜃𑜀𑜫 (nak).


rag

From Proto-Tai *C̬.raːkᴰ (“root”). Cognate with Thai ราก (râak), Northern Thai ᩁᩣ᩠ᨠ, Khün ᩁᩣ᩠ᨠ, Lao ຮາກ (hāk), Lü ᦣᦱᧅ (haak), Tai Dam ꪭꪱꪀ, Shan ႁၢၵ်ႈ (hāak), Ahom 𑜍𑜀𑜫 (rak), Nong Zhuang laeg, Zuojiang Zhuang lag, Saek ร̄าก.


dai

dai (Sawndip forms 𡛕 or ⿰女胎 or ⿰女枱 or 胎 or ⿰女呆, 1957–1982 spelling dai)

𡛕 (Sawndip)
⿰女胎 (Sawndip)
⿰女枱 (Sawndip)
胎 (Sawndip)
⿰女呆 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *naːjᴬ (“maternal grandmother”).
Cognate with Thai ยาย (yaai), Lao ຍາຍ (nyāi) and ຍາຽ (nyāi), Shan ၼၢႆး (náai).
Compare Indonesian nyai, Khmer យាយ (yiəy).

inh

mother-in-law (married woman's mother or mother of one's wife)


meh

head

meh (Sawndip forms 𭑫 or 姆 or 𫰤 or 𭒛 or 㜆, 1957–1982 spelling meƅ)

𭑫 (Sawndip)
姆 (Sawndip)
𫰤 (Sawndip)
𭒛 (Sawndip)
㜆 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *meːᴮ (“mother”). Cognate with Thai แม่ (mɛ̂ɛ), Northern Thai ᨾᩯ᩵, Lao ແມ່ (mǣ), Lü ᦶᦙᧈ (mae¹), Shan မႄႈ (māae), Ahom 𑜉𑜦𑜧 (mē), Bouyei meeh.


moz

moz (Sawndip forms 𭷱 or 磨 or 𬌫 or 獏, 1957–1982 spelling moƨ)

𭷱 (Sawndip)
磨 (Sawndip)
𬌫 (Sawndip)
獏 (Sawndip)


yah

yah (Sawndip forms 𫰈 or 𫰎 or 下 or 𡟺 or 𭑧 or 𫰫 or 吓, 1957–1982 spelling yaƅ)

𫰈 (Sawndip)
𫰎 (Sawndip)
下 (Sawndip)
𡟺 (Sawndip)
𭑧 (Sawndip)
𫰫 (Sawndip)
吓 (Sawndip)


max

max (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 馬 or 马 or 獁 or 𮜃, 1957–1982 spelling maч)

duz (classifier)
馬 (Sawndip)
马 (Sawndip)
獁 (Sawndip)
𮜃 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *maːꟲ (“horse”), from Middle Chinese 馬 (MC maeX). Cognate with Thai ม้า (máa), Northern Thai ᨾ᩶ᩣ, Lao ມ້າ (mā), Lü ᦙᦱᧉ (maa²), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥳ (mȧa), Shan မႃႉ (mâ̰a), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma), 𑜉𑜡 (mā) or 𑜉𑜡𑜠 (māa).


hong

hong (Sawndip forms 𰏊 or ⿱功大 or 慌 or ⿰工空 or ⿱红工 or 啌 or 空 or 康 or 𭘎 or ⿱䒑巷 or 控, 1957–1982 spelling hoŋ)

𰏊 (Sawndip)
⿱功大 (Sawndip)
慌 (Sawndip)
⿰工空 (Sawndip)
⿱红工 (Sawndip)
啌 (Sawndip)
空 (Sawndip)
康 (Sawndip)
𭘎 (Sawndip)
⿱䒑巷 (Sawndip)
控 (Sawndip)


hong

From Proto-Tai *χɔːŋᴬ (“thing”). Cognate with Thai ของ (kɔ̌ɔng), Northern Thai ᨡᩬᨦ, Lao ຂອງ (khǭng), Lü ᦃᦸᧂ (ẋoang), Tai Dam ꪄꪮꪉ, Shan ၶွင် (khǎung), Zuojiang Zhuang kong.


dah

dah (Sawndip forms 汏 or 㳠 or 𭰃 or 他 or 驮 or 𭯾 or ⿲氵马犬 or 䭾, 1957–1982 spelling daƅ)

汏 (Sawndip)
㳠 (Sawndip)
𭰃 (Sawndip)
他 (Sawndip)
驮 (Sawndip)
𭯾 (Sawndip)
⿲氵马犬 (Sawndip)
䭾 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *daːᴮ (“river”). Cognate with Thai ท่า (tâa, “pier”), Lao ທ່າ (thā, “pier”), Lü ᦑᦱᧈ (taa¹, “pier”), Shan တႃႈ (tāa, “pier; shallow place in water”).


rib

head

rib (Sawndip forms 𭻎 or 𭶫, 1957–1982 spelling rib)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.lepᴰ (“fingernail; toenail”). Cognate with Thai เล็บ (lép), Lao ເລັບ (lep), Shan ၼဵပ်ႉ (nâ̰ep), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜆𑜫 (lip), Saek หลี้บ.


danci

/taːn˨˦ ɕi˨˦/


a

𮬨 (Sawndip)
鵶 (Sawndip)
⿰下鳥 (Sawndip)
蚜 (Sawndip)


Gun

head

Gun (Sawndip forms 倱 or 軍 or 倌, 1957–1982 spelling Gun)


rog

guekrog


boh

boh (Sawndip forms 𠇑 or 佈 or 扶 or 仆 or 卜 or 𭶺 or ⿱父坡, 1957–1982 spelling boƅ)

𠇑 (Sawndip)
佈 (Sawndip)
扶 (Sawndip)
仆 (Sawndip)
卜 (Sawndip)
𭶺 (Sawndip)
⿱父坡 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *boːᴮ (“father”). Cognate with Thai พ่อ (pɔ̂ɔ), Northern Thai ᨻᩬᩴ᩵, Southern Thai ผอ, Lao ພໍ່ (phǭ), Lü ᦗᦸᧈ (poa¹), Shan ပေႃႈ (pāu), Aiton ပေႃ (pō), Ahom 𑜆𑜦𑜡 (pō) or 𑜆𑜨𑜦𑜡 (pwō), Bouyei boh, Saek ผ้อ.


ien

ien (classifier go, 1957–1982 spelling ien)

ien (classifier ci, 1957–1982 spelling ien)


bing

bing (Sawndip forms 𮔐 or ⿰虫乒, 1957–1982 spelling biŋ)

From Proto-Tai *pliːŋᴬ (“aquatic leech”). Cognate with Thai ปลิง (bpling), Lao ປີງ (pīng), Lü ᦔᦲᧂ (ṗiing), Shan ပိင် (pǐng).


bing

bing (Sawndip form 㑂, 1957–1982 spelling biŋ)


sau

sau (Sawndip forms 娋 or 㜖 or 𡠻 or 俏 or 𫰴, 1957–1982 spelling sau)

娋 (Sawndip)
㜖 (Sawndip)
𡠻 (Sawndip)
俏 (Sawndip)
𫰴 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *saːwᴬ (“unmarried woman”). Cognate with Thai สาว (sǎao), Lao ສາວ (sāo), Lü ᦉᦱᧁ (ṡaaw), Tai Nüa ᥔᥣᥝᥲ (sàaw), Shan သၢဝ် (sǎao), Ahom 𑜏𑜧 (saw), 𑜏𑜨𑜧 (sow), 𑜏𑜧𑜤 (sawu), 𑜏𑜧𑜈𑜫 (saww), or 𑜏𑜦𑜡 (sō).


viz

viz (Sawndip forms 𰆔 or 𱂀 or 韦 or 偉, 1957–1982 spelling viƨ)

𰆔 (Sawndip)
𱂀 (Sawndip)
韦 (Sawndip)
偉 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɣwajᴬ (“penis”). Cognate with Thai ควย (kuai), Lü ᦩᦾ (xwoay), Shan ၵႂႆး (kwái), Ahom 𑜁𑜨𑜩 (khoy).


viz

viz (Sawndip form 𬕅, 1957–1982 spelling viƨ)


gen

From Proto-Tai *qeːnᴬ (“arm”). Cognate with Thai แขน (kɛ̌ɛn), Northern Thai ᨡᩯ᩠ᨶ, Lao ແຂນ (khǣn), Lü ᦶᦃᧃ (ẋaen), Tai Dam ꪵꪄꪙ, Shan ၶႅၼ် (khěn).


duh

duh (Sawndip forms 𭎞 or 荳 or 垜 or 𰶠, 1957–1982 spelling duƅ)

𭎞 (Sawndip)
荳 (Sawndip)
垜 (Sawndip)
𰶠 (Sawndip)


boi

boi (Sawndip form 盃, 1957–1982 spelling boi)


bak

bak (Sawndip forms 咟 or 㕷 or 北 or 𫩡 or 拍 or 剥 or 𠺣 or 吧, 1957–1982 spelling bak)

咟 (Sawndip)
㕷 (Sawndip)
北 (Sawndip)
𫩡 (Sawndip)
拍 (Sawndip)
剥 (Sawndip)
𠺣 (Sawndip)
吧 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *paːkᴰ (“mouth”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Saek ป̄าก.
In Central Tai, cognate with Nong Zhuang baeg.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ปาก (bpàak), Northern Thai ᨸᩣ᩠ᨠ, Lao ປາກ (pāk), Shan ပၢၵ်ႇ (pàak), Lü ᦔᦱᧅ (ṗaak), Tai Dam ꪜꪱꪀ, Ahom 𑜆𑜀𑜫 (pak), Tai Nüa ᥙᥣᥐᥱ (pǎak).
Compare Southern Kam bags (“mouth”), Proto-Be *ɓaːkᴰ¹ (“mouth”) (whence ɓak⁷ in modern lects).
Compare also Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqbaq (whence Cebuano baba, Eastern Cham ꨚꨝꩍ (pabah), Hawaiian vaha).

account of or response to a particular issue


ding

ding (Sawndip form 丁, 1957–1982 spelling diŋ)


dou

dou (Sawndip forms 𫔯 or 都 or 偷, 1957–1982 spelling dou)

From Proto-Tai *tuːᴬ (“door”). Compare Thai ประตู (bprà-dtuu).

hai dou


hoz

hoz (Sawndip forms 䏩 or 何 or 胢 or 𭨸 or 𣍻 or 胡 or 𦙶, 1957–1982 spelling hoƨ)

䏩 (Sawndip)
何 (Sawndip)
胢 (Sawndip)
𭨸 (Sawndip)
𣍻 (Sawndip)
胡 (Sawndip)
𦙶 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɣoːᴬ (“neck”), from Middle Chinese 喉 (MC huw, “larynx; throat”). Cognate with Thai คอ (kɔɔ), Northern Thai ᨤᩬᩴ, Khün ᨤᩳ, Lao ຄໍ (khǭ), Tai Dam ꪁꪷ, Shan ၶေႃး (kháu), Tai Nüa ᥑᥨᥝᥰ (xöw), Phake ၵေႃ (khō), Ahom 𑜁𑜦𑜡 (khō) or 𑜁𑜞𑜦𑜡 (khrō), Saek กฺ๊อ.

neck (of an object); narrow and long part of an object


sim

sim (Sawndip form 𦙦, 1957–1982 spelling sim)

sim (Sawndip forms 𱃤 or ⿰飠心, 1957–1982 spelling sim)


lan

lan (classifier boux, Sawndip forms 𭓀 or 𰌮 or 𭓎 or 𬞕, 1957–1982 spelling lan)

boux (classifier)
𭓀 (Sawndip)
𰌮 (Sawndip)
𭓎 (Sawndip)
𬞕 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰlaːnᴬ (“nephew; niece; grandchild”). Cognate with Thai หลาน (lǎan), Northern Thai ᩉᩖᩣ᩠ᨶ, Khün ᩉᩖᩣ᩠ᨶ, Lao ຫຼານ (lān), Lü ᦜᦱᧃ (l̇aan), Tai Dam ꪨꪱꪙ, Shan လၢၼ် (lǎan), Tai Nüa ᥘᥣᥢᥴ (láan), Ahom 𑜎𑜃𑜫 (lan), Saek หล่าน.


hak

head

hak (Sawndip forms 𮮛 or 𰍛 or 郝 or 赫 or 𬾼 or ⿰官斈 or 斈 or ⿰亻巷, 1957–1982 spelling hak)

𮮛 (Sawndip)
𰍛 (Sawndip)
郝 (Sawndip)
赫 (Sawndip)
𬾼 (Sawndip)
⿰官斈 (Sawndip)
斈 (Sawndip)
⿰亻巷 (Sawndip)

From Chinese 客 (MC khaek). Doublet of hek.


mak

mak (Sawndip forms 𭽝 or 𰙁 or 漠 or ⿰木没 or 模 or 莫 or ⿱艹墨, 1957–1982 spelling mak)

𭽝 (Sawndip)
𰙁 (Sawndip)
漠 (Sawndip)
⿰木没 (Sawndip)
模 (Sawndip)
莫 (Sawndip)
⿱艹墨 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːkᴰ (“fruit”). Cognate with Thai หมาก (màak), Lao ໝາກ (māk), Lü ᦖᦱᧅ (ṁaak), Shan မၢၵ်ႇ (màak).


hing

hing (Sawndip form 䒡, 1957–1982 spelling hiŋ)

From Proto-Tai *χiːŋᴬ (“ginger”). Cognate with Thai ขิง (kǐng), Lao ຂີງ (khīng), Lü ᦃᦲᧂ (ẋiing), Tai Dam ꪄꪲꪉ, Shan ၶိင် (khǐng), Ahom 𑜁𑜢𑜂𑜫 (khiṅ), Bouyei hingl. Compare Middle Chinese 薑 (MC kjang, “ginger”).


fai

fai (Sawndip forms 𭎶 or 𰄂 or ⿰土快 or 𱖾 or 沸 or 𣳢 or ⿰氵⿱正⿰正正 or ⿰木⿱正⿰正正 or 𫮏 or ⿰洡𠂢 or 湃 or 渄, 1957–1982 spelling fai)

𭎶 (Sawndip)
𰄂 (Sawndip)
⿰土快 (Sawndip)
𱖾 (Sawndip)
沸 (Sawndip)
𣳢 (Sawndip)
⿰氵⿱正⿰正正 (Sawndip)
⿰木⿱正⿰正正 (Sawndip)
𫮏 (Sawndip)
⿰洡𠂢 (Sawndip)
湃 (Sawndip)
渄 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *hwaːjᴬ (“dam”).
Cognate with Thai ฝาย (fǎai), Northern Thai ᨺᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ຝາຍ (fāi), Lü ᦚᦻ (ḟaay), Shan ၽၢႆ (phǎai) or ၾၢႆ (fǎai), Bouyei waail.


rij

rij (Sawndip forms 浬 or 浰, 1957–1982 spelling riз)

From Proto-Tai *qrwɤjꟲ (“mountain stream”). Cognate with Thai ห้วย (hûai), Lao ຫ້ວຍ (wany), Lü ᦠᦽᧉ (ḣoy²), Shan ႁူၺ်ႈ (hōi), Ahom 𑜍𑜤𑜐𑜫 (ruñ), Saek รี̂.

cog

Lü ᦠᦽᧉ (ḣoy²)


baj

head

baj (Sawndip forms 妑 or 𰌅 or 巴, 1957–1982 spelling baз)

From Proto-Tai *paːꟲ (“parent's older sister”). Cognate with Thai ป้า (bpâa), Lao ປ້າ (pā), Lü ᦔᦱᧉ (ṗaa²), Shan ပႃႈ (pāa), Tai Dam ꪜ꫁ꪱ, Ahom 𑜆𑜡 (pā), Saek ป̂า.

cog

Lü ᦔᦱᧉ (ṗaa²)

aunt (parent's elder sister, or the wife of parent's elder brother)


noh

head

noh (Sawndip forms 胬 or 奴 or 朒 or 䏧 or 𭸆 or 𰮷, 1957–1982 spelling noƅ)

胬 (Sawndip)
奴 (Sawndip)
朒 (Sawndip)
䏧 (Sawndip)
𭸆 (Sawndip)
𰮷 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *n.mɤːꟲ (“meat, flesh”). The tone of Zhuang noh [noᴮ²] shows irregularity as a reflex of it.
In Northern Tai, cognate with Bouyei noh, Saek หมร้อ.
In Central Tai, cognate with Nong Zhuang nwx.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai เนื้อ (nʉ́ʉa), Northern Thai ᨶᩮᩬᩥ᩶ᩋ (nɯa⁶), Lao ເນື້ອ (nư̄a) or ເນຶ້ອ (nưa), Khün ᨶᩮᩨ᩶ᩬ, Lü ᦵᦓᦲᧉ (noe²), Tai Dam ꪹꪙ꫁ (ꞌnựa), Shan ၼိူဝ်ႉ (nô̰e), Tai Nüa ᥘᥫᥳ (lȯe), Ahom 𑜃𑜢𑜤𑜰𑜫 (nü0).

cog

Thai เนื้อ (nʉ́ʉa)

Lao ເນື້ອ (nư̄a)

Lü ᦵᦓᦲᧉ (noe²)

Shan ၼိူဝ်ႉ (nô̰e)

noh mou


sw

From Proto-Tai *sɯːᴬ (“writing; book”), from Middle Chinese 書 (MC syo, “writing; book”). Cognate with Lao ສື (sư̄), Thai สือ (sʉ̌ʉ).


sw

head

sw (Sawndip form ⿰犭書, 1957–1982 spelling sɯ)


rek

rek (Sawndip forms 𨦙 or 𰽊, 1957–1982 spelling rek)


vax

vax (Sawndip forms 𤬪 or 𫭡 or 砙, 1957–1982 spelling vaч)


naz

naz (Sawndip forms 𪽖 or 那 or 𫭹 or 𡌈, 1957–1982 spelling naƨ)

𪽖 (Sawndip)
那 (Sawndip)
𫭹 (Sawndip)
𡌈 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *naːᴬ (“paddy field”). Cognate with Thai นา (naa), Northern Thai ᨶᩣ, Lao ນາ (nā), Lü ᦓᦱ (naa), Shan ၼႃး (náa), Ahom 𑜃𑜠 (na) or 𑜃𑜡 (nā), Bouyei naz.


yw

yw (Sawndip form 𦬎, 1957–1982 spelling yɯ)

From Proto-Tai *ˀjɯəᴬ (“medicine”). Cognate with Thai ยา (yaa), Northern Thai ᩀᩣ, Lao ຢາ (yā), Lü ᦊᦱ (ẏaa), Shan ယႃ (yǎa), Bouyei iel.


nij

nij (Sawndip form 𪥤, 1957–1982 spelling niз)

From Proto-Tai *ʰniːꟲ (“debt”). Cognate with Thai หนี้ (nîi), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨶᩦ᩶, Lao ໜີ້ (nī), Lü ᦐᦲᧉ (ṅii²), Shan ၼီႈ (nīi), Tai Nüa ᥘᥤᥲ (lì), Phake ꩫီ (nī), Ahom 𑜃𑜣 (nī), Nong Zhuang nij, Zuojiang Zhuang nij.

cog

Lü ᦐᦲᧉ (ṅii²)


faen

head

faen (Sawndip forms 𥸹 or 魂 or 粉 or 𮂹 or 斈 or 粒, 1957–1982 spelling fən)

𥸹 (Sawndip)
魂 (Sawndip)
粉 (Sawndip)
𮂹 (Sawndip)
斈 (Sawndip)
粒 (Sawndip)

Compare Bouyei wanl, Shan ၽၼ်း (phán), Sui vanl, Proto-Be *vənᴬ², Proto-Hlai *fjən.


moed

moed (Sawndip forms ⿰虫密 or 乜 or 蟆 or 𬟼 or 𰲪 or 𧋶 or ⿰虫磨, 1957–1982 spelling mɵd)

⿰虫密 (Sawndip)
乜 (Sawndip)
蟆 (Sawndip)
𬟼 (Sawndip)
𰲪 (Sawndip)
𧋶 (Sawndip)
⿰虫磨 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *mɤcᴰ (“ant”). Cognate with Thai มด (mót), Lao ມົດ (mot), Shan မူတ် (mǔut), Ahom 𑜉𑜤𑜄𑜫 (mut), Bouyei mod.


geng

geng (Sawndip form 庚, 1957–1982 spelling geŋ)


heng

heng (Sawndip forms 𱣒 or ⿱行口 or 梈 or ⿰石杏 or ⿰石𪥌 or 𮀖, 1957–1982 spelling heŋ)

𱣒 (Sawndip)
⿱行口 (Sawndip)
梈 (Sawndip)
⿰石杏 (Sawndip)
⿰石𪥌 (Sawndip)
𮀖 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *χiəŋᴬ; cognate with Thai เขียง (kǐiang), Northern Thai ᨡ᩠ᨿᨦ, Lao ຂຽງ (khīang), Khün ᨡ᩠ᨿᨦ, Lü ᦵᦃᧂ (ẋeng), Shan ၶဵင် (khǎeng), Tai Nüa ᥑᥥᥒᥴ (xéng).


mou

mou (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 𭸘 or 𭸙 or 𤝖 or 某 or 𭸲, 1957–1982 spelling mou)

duz (classifier)
𭸘 (Sawndip)
𭸙 (Sawndip)
𤝖 (Sawndip)
某 (Sawndip)
𭸲 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmuːᴬ (“pig”). Cognate with Thai หมู (mǔu), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩪ, Lao ໝູ (mū), Lü ᦖᦴ (ṁuu), Tai Dam ꪢꪴ, Tai Nüa ᥛᥧᥴ (mú), Shan မူ (mǔu), Ahom 𑜉𑜥 (mū), Bouyei mul, Nong Zhuang mu, Saek หมู่.


hek

From Chinese 客 (MC khaek, “guest”). Cognate with Thai แขก (kɛ̀ɛk), Lao ແຂກ (khǣk), Lü ᦶᦃᧅᧈ (ẋaek¹), Shan ၶႅၵ်ႇ (khèk), Ahom 𑜁𑜢𑜀𑜫 (khik). Doublet of hak.

cog

Lü ᦶᦃᧅᧈ (ẋaek¹)


ceh

head

ceh (Sawndip forms 𰫎 or 𮇴 or 𱹄 or ⿰禾車 or 粒, 1957–1982 spelling ceƅ)

𰫎 (Sawndip)
𮇴 (Sawndip)
𱹄 (Sawndip)
⿰禾車 (Sawndip)
粒 (Sawndip)


densi

/teːn˧˥ θi˧˥/

zh-l

電視／电视 (diànshì)


makit

head

makit (Sawndip form 𭽝一, 1957–1982 spelling makit)

From mak (“fruit”) + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *ʔitᴰ (“raisin”). Cognate with Bouyei masidt.


swiz

swiz (Sawndip forms 𭫙 or 𫪳 or 隨 or 遀 or 𣖋 or 适, 1957–1982 spelling sɯiƨ)

𭫙 (Sawndip)
𫪳 (Sawndip)
隨 (Sawndip)
遀 (Sawndip)
𣖋 (Sawndip)
适 (Sawndip)


anax

paternal grandmother
paternal grandmother#English

(dialectal) great-aunt (paternal grandmother's younger sister)


nae

nae (Sawndip forms ⿰雪宜 or ⿱雨内 or ⿱雨尔 or ⿱彐内 or ⿱雨尼 or 汭 or 𭛎, 1957–1982 spelling nəi)

⿰雪宜 (Sawndip)
⿱雨内 (Sawndip)
⿱雨尔 (Sawndip)
⿱彐内 (Sawndip)
⿱雨尼 (Sawndip)
汭 (Sawndip)
𭛎 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.nwaːjᴬ (“dew; mist”).
Cognate with Shan ၼၢႆး (náai, “dew; mist”), Ahom 𑜃𑜩 (nay, “dew”) or 𑜃𑜩𑜐𑜫 (nayñ), Bouyei nail.


faz

faz (Sawndip form ⿰糹伐, 1957–1982 spelling faƨ)


faz

faz (Sawndip forms ⿰衤伐 or ⿺尾⿱天衣, 1957–1982 spelling faƨ)


faz

faz (Sawndip forms 鍅 or 𰼦, 1957–1982 spelling faƨ)


cae

cae (Sawndip forms ⿰犁之 or 𱭯 or ⿰牛之 or ⿰哉之 or ⿺辶在, 1957–1982 spelling cəi)

⿰犁之 (Sawndip)
𱭯 (Sawndip)
⿰牛之 (Sawndip)
⿰哉之 (Sawndip)
⿺辶在 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *crwajᴬ (“plough”). Cognate with Thai ไถ (tǎi), Lao ໄຖ (thai), Northern Thai ᨳᩱ, Khün ᨳᩱ, Lü ᦺᦏ (ṫhay), Shan ထႆ (thǎi), Ahom 𑜌𑜩 (thay), Saek ไถ่.


iet

iet (Sawndip form 乙, 1957–1982 spelling iet)


buh

buh (Sawndip forms 𧙛 or 𰳳 or ⿰布彡 or 𥿠 or 䋠, 1957–1982 spelling buƅ)

𧙛 (Sawndip)
𰳳 (Sawndip)
⿰布彡 (Sawndip)
𥿠 (Sawndip)
䋠 (Sawndip)


baed

baed (Sawndip forms 胇 or 𭾘, 1957–1982 spelling bəd)


baed

baed (Sawndip forms 𭀯 or 佛 or 𡌅 or 𪱻 or 𰍣, 1957–1982 spelling bəd)

𭀯 (Sawndip)
佛 (Sawndip)
𡌅 (Sawndip)
𪱻 (Sawndip)
𰍣 (Sawndip)


ruz

From Proto-Tai *C̬.rwɯəᴬ (“boat”). Cognate with Thai เรือ (rʉʉa), Northern Thai ᩁᩮᩬᩥᩋ, Isan เฮือ, Lao ເຮືອ (hư̄a), Lü ᦵᦣᦲ (hoe), Shan ႁိူဝ်း (hóe), Tai Nüa ᥞᥫᥰ (höe), Ahom 𑜍𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (rüw), Zuojiang Zhuang rwaz.


mui

mui (Sawndip forms 𤞦 or 𪻄, 1957–1982 spelling mui)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmwɯjᴬ (“bear”). Cognate with Thai หมี (mǐi), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩦ, Lao ໝີ (mī), Lü ᦖᦲ (ṁii), Tai Dam ꪢꪲ, Shan မီ (mǐi), Ahom 𑜉𑜣 (mī), Nong Zhuang mue, Bouyei moil. Compare Old Chinese 羋 (OC *meʔ).


faex

faex (Sawndip forms 𣔉 or 㭑 or 𭩼 or 柫 or 梶 or 枇 or 𣑶 or 棑 or 𬃮 or 費 or 棐 or 𣚡, 1957–1982 spelling fəiч)

𣔉 (Sawndip)
㭑 (Sawndip)
𭩼 (Sawndip)
柫 (Sawndip)
梶 (Sawndip)
枇 (Sawndip)
𣑶 (Sawndip)
棑 (Sawndip)
𬃮 (Sawndip)
費 (Sawndip)
棐 (Sawndip)
𣚡 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *mwajꟲ (“tree; wood”). Cognate with Thai ไม้ (máai), Northern Thai ᨾᩱ᩶, Lao ໄມ້ (mai), Lü ᦺᦙᧉ (may²), Tai Dam ꪼꪣ꫁, Shan မႆႉ (mâ̰i), Ahom 𑜉𑜩 (may), Nong Zhuang maex, Saek ไม.


roet

From Proto-Tai *k.tɤtᴰ (“fart”). Cognate with Thai ตด (dtòt), Lao ຕົດ (tot), Shan တူတ်း (túut), Tai Dam ꪶꪔꪒ, Phake တုတ် (tut), Ahom 𑜄𑜢𑜤𑜄𑜫 (tüt). Probably of imitative origin. Compare Proto-Austronesian *qətut (whence Tagalog utot, and Maranao tot).


vunz

vunz (classifier boux, Sawndip forms 伝 or 侩 or 𪝑 or 云 or 倱 or 斌, 1957–1982 spelling vunƨ)

boux (classifier)
伝 (Sawndip)
侩 (Sawndip)
𪝑 (Sawndip)
云 (Sawndip)
倱 (Sawndip)
斌 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɢwɯnᴬ (“human; person”). Cognate with Thai คน (kon), Northern Thai ᨤᩫ᩠ᨶ, Lao ຄົນ (khon), Lü ᦅᦳᧃ (kun), Shan ၵူၼ်း (kúun), Tai Nüa ᥐᥨᥢᥰ (kön), Tai Dam ꪶꪁꪙ, Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜃𑜫 (kun), Bouyei wenz, Zuojiang Zhuang koenz.

sam boux vunz

boux vunz ndei


bya

bya (Sawndip forms 岜 or 𡵟 or 𰎕 or 𥑁 or ⿱山哉, 1957–1982 spelling bya)

岜 (Sawndip)
𡵟 (Sawndip)
𰎕 (Sawndip)
𥑁 (Sawndip)
⿱山哉 (Sawndip)

→ Chinese: 岜 (bā)

From Proto-Tai *praːᴬ (“stone mountain”).
Cognate with Thai ผา (pǎa), Lao ຜາ (phā), Tai Nüa ᥚᥣᥴ (pháa).

bya sang

hill or mountain, especially one in karst terrain


bya

bya (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 䰾 or 𮫻 or 𱆦 or ⿰氵岜 or 𩵒 or 蚆 or 𣲩, 1957–1982 spelling bya)

duz (classifier)
䰾 (Sawndip)
𮫻 (Sawndip)
𱆦 (Sawndip)
⿰氵岜 (Sawndip)
𩵒 (Sawndip)
蚆 (Sawndip)
𣲩 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *plaːᴬ (“fish”).
Cognate with Thai ปลา (bplaa), Northern Thai ᨸᩖᩣ, Isan ปา, Lao ປາ (pā), Lü ᦔᦱ (ṗaa), Tai Dam ꪜꪱ, Shan ပႃ (pǎa), Tai Nüa ᥙᥣ (paa), Ahom 𑜆𑜠 (pa) or 𑜆𑜡 (pā), Bouyei byal, Saek ปร๋า.
Compare Proto-Hlai *hlaː (“fish”) (whence ɗaː¹ ~ ɬaː¹ across different lects), Lakkia phla⁵¹, Proto-Be *ɓaːᴬ¹ (whence ɓa¹ in modern lects).

haj duz bya


lwg

lwg (classifier boux, Sawndip forms 𭒹 or 叻 or 仂 or 力 or 𰌧 or 勒, 1957–1982 spelling lɯg)

lwg (classifier boux, daeg, Sawndip forms 𭒹 or 叻 or 仂 or 力 or 𰌧 or 勒, 1957–1982 spelling lɯg), daeg|LWG8]]

boux (classifier)
𭒹 (Sawndip)
叻 (Sawndip)
仂 (Sawndip)
力 (Sawndip)
𰌧 (Sawndip)
勒 (Sawndip)
lwg (canonical)
boux (classifier)
daeg (classifier)
𭒹 (Sawndip)
叻 (Sawndip)
仂 (Sawndip)
力 (Sawndip)
𰌧 (Sawndip)
勒 (Sawndip)
lug (alternative)

From Proto-Tai *lɯːkᴰ (“child”). Cognate with Thai ลูก (lûuk), Northern Thai ᩃᩪᨠ, Lao ລູກ (lūk), Lü ᦟᦴᧅ (luuk), Tai Dam ꪩꪴꪀ, Shan လုၵ်ႈ (lūk), Tai Nüa ᥘᥧᥐ (luk), Bouyei leg.

Lwg neix dwg boux lwg gou.


mok

mok (Sawndip forms 瞙 or 漠 or 𭯷 or ⿹⺄木 or 雬 or 𩄻 or 𭰄 or ⿺沫𠃑, 1957–1982 spelling mok)

瞙 (Sawndip)
漠 (Sawndip)
𭯷 (Sawndip)
⿹⺄木 (Sawndip)
雬 (Sawndip)
𩄻 (Sawndip)
𭰄 (Sawndip)
⿺沫𠃑 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmoːkᴰ (“fog”), from Old Chinese 霧 (OC *moɡs, “fog; mist”). Cognate with Thai หมอก (mɔ̀ɔk), Lao ໝອກ (mǭk), Lü ᦖᦸᧅᧈ (ṁoak¹), Shan မွၵ်ႇ (màuk), Ahom 𑜉𑜨𑜀𑜫 (mok), Nong Zhuang moag or mog, Saek ม̄อก.

cog

Lü ᦖᦸᧅᧈ (ṁoak¹)


mok

head

mok (Sawndip forms 糢 or 莫 or 漠 or 𰛙 or 洣 or ⿰米未 or 饃, 1957–1982 spelling mok)

糢 (Sawndip)
莫 (Sawndip)
漠 (Sawndip)
𰛙 (Sawndip)
洣 (Sawndip)
⿰米未 (Sawndip)
饃 (Sawndip)


youz

youz (Sawndip forms 沋 or ⿰氵尢 or 𰞅, 1957–1982 spelling youƨ)


sae

sae (Sawndip forms 𬠂 or 蛳 or 西, 1957–1982 spelling səi)


sae

From Chinese 師 (MC srij, “teacher; master”).


roen

roen (classifier diuz, Sawndip forms 坤 or 𮛨 or 魂, 1957–1982 spelling rɵn)

diuz (classifier)
坤 (Sawndip)
𮛨 (Sawndip)
魂 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰrwɤnᴬ (“road”).
Cognate with Thai หน (hǒn, “way; road”), Southern Thai ฮ่น, Lao ຫົນ (hon).


cim

cim (Sawndip form 針, 1957–1982 spelling cim)


cag

cag (Sawndip forms 𰫦 or 䋏 or 䌇 or ⿰糹长, 1957–1982 spelling cag)

𰫦 (Sawndip)
䋏 (Sawndip)
䌇 (Sawndip)
⿰糹长 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɟɤːkᴰ (“rope; cord”). Cognate with Thai เชือก (chʉ̂ʉak), Lao ເຊືອກ (sư̄ak), Lü ᦵᦋᦲᧅ (tsoek), Tai Dam ꪹꪋꪀ, Shan ၸိူၵ်ႈ (tsōek), Tai Nüa ᥓᥫᥐ (tsoek), Ahom 𑜋𑜢𑜤𑜀𑜫 (chük), Nong Zhuang zowg.


linx

linx (Sawndip forms 𫇖 or 吝 or 呤 or 令 or 𮍶 or 練, 1957–1982 spelling linч)

𫇖 (Sawndip)
吝 (Sawndip)
呤 (Sawndip)
令 (Sawndip)
𮍶 (Sawndip)
練 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *liːnꟲ (“tongue”). Cognate with Thai ลิ้น (lín), Lao ລີ້ນ (līn), Lü ᦟᦲᧃᧉ (liin²), Shan လိၼ်ႉ (lḭ̂n), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜃𑜫 (lin), Bouyei linx, Saek ลีน.


saen

saen (Sawndip forms 申 or 辛, 1957–1982 spelling sən)

back (of a cutting tool, opposite the cutting edge)


goj

goj (Sawndip forms 訶 or 可 or 古 or 詁 or 𬤐 or 咕, 1957–1982 spelling goз)

訶 (Sawndip)
可 (Sawndip)
古 (Sawndip)
詁 (Sawndip)
𬤐 (Sawndip)
咕 (Sawndip)


caz

From Proto-Tai *ɟaːᴬ (“tea”), from Chinese 茶 (MC drae). Cognate with Bouyei xaz, Thai ชา (chaa), Lao ຊາ (sā).


ndoeng

ndoeng (Sawndip forms 崬 or 岽 or 崠 or 𮅎 or 橦 or 茏 or 辳 or 檂 or 東, 1957–1982 spelling ƌɵŋ)

崬 (Sawndip)
岽 (Sawndip)
崠 (Sawndip)
𮅎 (Sawndip)
橦 (Sawndip)
茏 (Sawndip)
辳 (Sawndip)
檂 (Sawndip)
東 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɗoŋᴬ (“forest”). Cognate with Thai ดง (dong), Northern Thai ᨯᩫ᩠ᨦ, Khün ᨯᩫ᩠ᨦ, Lao ດົງ (dong), Lü ᦷᦡᧂ (ḋong), Shan လူင် (lǔung), Tai Nüa ᥘᥨᥒ (long), Ahom 𑜃𑜤𑜂𑜫 (nuṅ) or 𑜓𑜤𑜂𑜫 (duṅ), Bouyei ndongl, Nong Zhuang ndoang.


doem

doem (Sawndip forms 垚 or 𮤬 or 𰊣 or 墪 or 𡉫 or 坉, 1957–1982 spelling dɵm)

垚 (Sawndip)
𮤬 (Sawndip)
𰊣 (Sawndip)
墪 (Sawndip)
𡉫 (Sawndip)
坉 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *tɯmᴬ (“soil”). Cognate with Thai ตม (dtom), Lao ຕົມ (tom), Ahom 𑜄𑜤𑜪 (tuṃ).


uk

uk (Sawndip forms 腛 or 𰍷 or 喔, 1957–1982 spelling uk)

From Proto-Tai *ʔwuːkᴰ (“bone marrow”). Cognate with Bouyei ugt (“brain”).


mbaj

Compare Bouyei mbax (“butterfly”), Lao ກະເບື້ອ (ka bư̄a, “moth”).


laj

laj (Sawndip forms 𬻊 or 𨑜 or 忑 or 丅 or 𬀧 or 雫 or 𬻡 or 拉 or 𰋪 or 喇 or 卡 or 吓 or 𭆼, 1957–1982 spelling laз)

𬻊 (Sawndip)
𨑜 (Sawndip)
忑 (Sawndip)
丅 (Sawndip)
𬀧 (Sawndip)
雫 (Sawndip)
𬻡 (Sawndip)
拉 (Sawndip)
𰋪 (Sawndip)
喇 (Sawndip)
卡 (Sawndip)
吓 (Sawndip)
𭆼 (Sawndip)


linh

linh (Sawndip forms 獜 or 狑 or 粦 or 鱗 or 𭸓 or 𤞼, 1957–1982 spelling linƅ)

獜 (Sawndip)
狑 (Sawndip)
粦 (Sawndip)
鱗 (Sawndip)
𭸓 (Sawndip)
𤞼 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *lilᴮ (“pangolin”). Cognate with Thai ลิ่น (lîn).


feiz

feiz (Sawndip forms 𩇭 or ⿰火微 or 𪸙 or 𭵀 or ⿱火灬 or 肥 or 費 or 𤆵 or 𤊬 or ⿰火飞 or ⿰火費 or 𭵁 or 𭶓 or 炥 or 𤇝 or ⿰火市 or 微 or 𤎶 or ⿰巾灰 or 𬮟, 1957–1982 spelling feiƨ)

𩇭 (Sawndip)
⿰火微 (Sawndip)
𪸙 (Sawndip)
𭵀 (Sawndip)
⿱火灬 (Sawndip)
肥 (Sawndip)
費 (Sawndip)
𤆵 (Sawndip)
𤊬 (Sawndip)
⿰火飞 (Sawndip)
⿰火費 (Sawndip)
𭵁 (Sawndip)
𭶓 (Sawndip)
炥 (Sawndip)
𤇝 (Sawndip)
⿰火市 (Sawndip)
微 (Sawndip)
𤎶 (Sawndip)
⿰巾灰 (Sawndip)
𬮟 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *wɤjᴬ (“fire”). Cognate with Ahom 𑜇𑜩 (phay),Thai ไฟ (fai), Northern Thai ᨼᩱ (fai), Lao ໄຟ (fai), Lü ᦺᦝ (fay), Tai Dam ꪼꪡ, Shan ၽႆး (phái) or ၾႆး (fái), Tai Nüa ᥜᥭᥰ (fäy), Bouyei fix, Saek วี๊.


neix

neix (Sawndip form same as determiner, 1957–1982 spelling neiч)

From Proto-Tai *najꟲ (“this”).
In Zuojiang Zhuang, cognate with naej (Longzhou dialect), naeq/naex (Daxin dialect), neij (Ningming dialect).
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai นี้ (níi), Lao ນີ້ (nī), Northern Thai ᨶᩦ᩶, Khün ᨶᩦ᩶, Lü ᦓᦲᦰ (ni) or ᦓᦲᧉ (nii²), Tai Dam ꪙꪲ꫁, Shan ၼႆႉ (nâ̰i).


suen

suen (Sawndip forms 𭍵 or 宣 or 塇 or 梡 or 孫 or 楦 or 𭍫, 1957–1982 spelling suen)

𭍵 (Sawndip)
宣 (Sawndip)
塇 (Sawndip)
梡 (Sawndip)
孫 (Sawndip)
楦 (Sawndip)
𭍫 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *swɯːnᴬ (“garden”), possibly related to Middle Chinese 園 (MC hjwon, “garden”).


aen

aen (Sawndip form ⿻㗊⿻十乚, 1957–1982 spelling ən)


naj

naj (Sawndip forms 𫖂 or 𩈔 or 𮧍 or 𭉒 or 𬛁 or 𩈩 or 𮧉 or 𬻍 or 那 or 𭉔, 1957–1982 spelling naз)

𫖂 (Sawndip)
𩈔 (Sawndip)
𮧍 (Sawndip)
𭉒 (Sawndip)
𬛁 (Sawndip)
𩈩 (Sawndip)
𮧉 (Sawndip)
𬻍 (Sawndip)
那 (Sawndip)
𭉔 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰnaːᶜ (“face”). Cognate with Thai หน้า (nâa), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨶ᩶ᩣ, Lao ໜ້າ (nā), Lü ᦐᦱᧉ (ṅaa²), Tai Dam ꪘ꫁ꪱ, Shan ၼႃႈ (nāa), Tai Nüa ᥘᥣᥲ (làa) or ᥢᥣᥲ (nàa), Ahom 𑜃𑜠 (na) or 𑜃𑜡 (nā).

cog

Lü ᦐᦱᧉ (ṅaa²)


gyu

head

gyu (Sawndip form 𦺥, 1957–1982 spelling gyu)


gyu

gyu (Sawndip forms 𥑮 or 𰥈 or ⿰圤都 or 沽 or 浗 or 𱴤, 1957–1982 spelling gyu)

𥑮 (Sawndip)
𰥈 (Sawndip)
⿰圤都 (Sawndip)
沽 (Sawndip)
浗 (Sawndip)
𱴤 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *klwɯəᴬ (“salt”). Cognate with Thai เกลือ (glʉʉa), Northern Thai ᨠᩖᩮᩬᩥᩋ, Lao ເກືອ (kư̄a), Tai Dam ꪹꪀ, Shan ၵိူဝ် (kǒe), Ahom 𑜀𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (küw), Nong Zhuang gow. Compare also Lakkia kjie⁵¹.


biengzbeih

biengzbeih (Sawndip form 螃蚍, 1957–1982 spelling bieŋƨbeiƅ)


beixsau

From beix (“elder sibling”) + sau (“girl”).


lwgvuengz

/lɯk˧ βuːŋ˧˩/


lwggaet

From lwg- (“small object”) + gaet (“button”).


buhbeu

From buh (“clothing”) + beu (“single-layered”).


buhbing

From buh (“clothing”) + bing (“soldier; troops”).


buhdakhanh

head

buhdakhanh (1957–1982 spelling buƅdakhanƅ)


loh

loh (classifier diuz, Sawndip form 垎, 1957–1982 spelling loƅ)


gim

Borrowed from Chinese 金 (MC kim). Cognate with Thai คำ (kam), Northern Thai ᨤᩴᩣ, Lao ຄຳ (kham), Lü ᦆᧄ (xam), Shan ၶမ်း (khám), Ahom 𑜁𑜪 (khaṃ) or 𑜁𑜞𑜪 (khraṃ), Saek กฺั๊ม.


alungz

/ʔa˨˦ luŋ˧˩/

(dialectal) maternal uncle (mother's brother-in-law)


cij

cij (Sawndip forms 𭨪 or 𰞀 or ⿰只乃 or ⿱乳只 or ⿰⿱爫𬺻止 or 指 or 止 or 𦜘 or ⿰月之 or 𡛰, 1957–1982 spelling ciз)

𭨪 (Sawndip)
𰞀 (Sawndip)
⿰只乃 (Sawndip)
⿱乳只 (Sawndip)
⿰⿱爫𬺻止 (Sawndip)
指 (Sawndip)
止 (Sawndip)
𦜘 (Sawndip)
⿰月之 (Sawndip)
𡛰 (Sawndip)


cik

cik (Sawndip forms 𰍵 or 𰒷 or 𠲔, 1957–1982 spelling cik)


cuk

cuk (Sawndip form 𮇟, 1957–1982 spelling cuk)


cuk

sir; mister (term of address for an unrelated man of the same generation as but younger than one's father)


aek

aek (Sawndip forms 膉 or 𱅭 or 胹 or 𦙜 or 臆 or 憶, 1957–1982 spelling ək)

膉 (Sawndip)
𱅭 (Sawndip)
胹 (Sawndip)
𦙜 (Sawndip)
臆 (Sawndip)
憶 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʔɤkᴰ (“chest”), from Old Chinese 臆 (OC *qɯɡ). Cognate with Thai อก (òk), Northern Thai ᩋᩫ᩠ᨠ, Isan เอิก, Lao ອົກ (ʼok) or ເອິກ (ʼœk), Shan ဢိုၵ်း (ʼúek), Ahom 𑜒𑜤𑜀𑜫 (ʼuk, “breast”).

cog

Shan ဢိုၵ်း (ʼúek)


nduk

head

nduk (classifier aen, Sawndip forms ⿰月𣈉 or ⿰月督, 1957–1982 spelling ƌuk)

aen (classifier)
⿰月𣈉 (Sawndip)
⿰月督 (Sawndip)
ndok (alternative)


㳠

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 达 (OC *tʰeːds)


䰾

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː)


loek

head

loek (Sawndip forms 𮝄 or 䡜 or 𣏥, 1957–1982 spelling lɵk)

From Chinese 轆 (MC luwk). Compare Thai ล้อ (lɔ́ɔ).


loek

loek (Sawndip forms 𰽉 or 𠯿 or 𫼚 or 𣏥 or 六, 1957–1982 spelling lɵk)

𰽉 (Sawndip)
𠯿 (Sawndip)
𫼚 (Sawndip)
𣏥 (Sawndip)
六 (Sawndip)


geiz

geiz (Sawndip forms 鯕 or ⿺支其, 1957–1982 spelling geiƨ)


reih

reih (Sawndip forms 𫭴 or 唎 or 𰤩 or 𪣛 or 利 or 黎, 1957–1982 spelling reiƅ)

𫭴 (Sawndip)
唎 (Sawndip)
𰤩 (Sawndip)
𪣛 (Sawndip)
利 (Sawndip)
黎 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *rɤjᴮ (“dry field”). Cognate with Thai ไร่ (râi), Northern Thai ᩁᩱ᩵, Isan ไฮ่, Lao ໄຮ່ (hai), Lü ᦺᦣᧈ (hay¹), Shan ႁႆႈ (hāi), Ahom 𑜑𑜩 (hay).


vuj

From Proto-Tai *ʰwɯəꟲ (“cloud”). Cognate with Thai ฝ้า (fâa).


fwn

fwn (Sawndip forms 雰 or 汾 or 𭑆 or 𮦇 or 分, 1957–1982 spelling fɯn)

雰 (Sawndip)
汾 (Sawndip)
𭑆 (Sawndip)
𮦇 (Sawndip)
分 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̥.wɯnᴬ (“rain”). Cognate with Thai ฝน (fǒn), Northern Thai ᨺᩫ᩠ᨶ, Lao ຝົນ (fon), Lü ᦚᦳᧃ (ḟun), Tai Dam ꪶꪠꪙ, Shan ၽူၼ် (phǔun) or ၾူၼ် (fǔun), Ahom 𑜇𑜤𑜃𑜫 (phun), Nong Zhuang paen, Saek หวึ่น.

cog

Lü ᦚᦳᧃ (ḟun)

Fwn doek.


gyaeuj

head

gyaeuj (Sawndip forms 𬼣 or 𱄋 or 𮚷 or 位 or 馗 or 𮛓 or 玖 or 久 or ⿰豆久 or ⿰豆九 or ⿰首久 or ⿰首九 or 九 or 邱 or 㪷 or 苟 or ⿰苟头 or ⿰豆头 or 𭇚 or 𮩠 or 𮩢 or 𭑎 or 柳, 1957–1982 spelling gyəuз)

𬼣 (Sawndip)
𱄋 (Sawndip)
𮚷 (Sawndip)
位 (Sawndip)
馗 (Sawndip)
𮛓 (Sawndip)
玖 (Sawndip)
久 (Sawndip)
⿰豆久 (Sawndip)
⿰豆九 (Sawndip)
⿰首久 (Sawndip)
⿰首九 (Sawndip)
九 (Sawndip)
邱 (Sawndip)
㪷 (Sawndip)
苟 (Sawndip)
⿰苟头 (Sawndip)
⿰豆头 (Sawndip)
𭇚 (Sawndip)
𮩠 (Sawndip)
𮩢 (Sawndip)
𭑎 (Sawndip)
柳 (Sawndip)

Li (1977) reconstructed Proto-Tai *kləuꟲ¹ (“head; knot of hair on the top of the head”).
Thereafter, Pittayaporn (2009) reconstructed the Proto-Tai forms as *klawꟲ (“hair knot”) and *krawꟲ (“head”) (gyaeuj, Thai เกล้า (glâao), Lao ເກົ້າ (kao), Tai Nüa ᥐᥝᥲ (kàw) are descendants of *klawꟲ (“hair knot”)), but it seems to vacillate whether to distinguish between the two forms.
Possibly cognate with Proto-Austronesian *qulu (“head”).
Pan (2000) considered Old Chinese 首 (*qhljǔʔ, “head”) as a cognate word with Kra-Dai such as gyaeuj etc. and Tibeto-Burman such as Tibetan མགོ (mgo, “head”) etc.

inh

(Zuojiang Zhuang: Longzhou (龙州); Ningming (宁明))

end (of a long object); top (of a tall object)


raemx

head

raemx (Sawndip forms 淰 or 𭰽 or 淋 or 𭜯 or 𢗨 or 𣲙, 1957–1982 spelling rəmч)

淰 (Sawndip)
𭰽 (Sawndip)
淋 (Sawndip)
𭜯 (Sawndip)
𢗨 (Sawndip)
𣲙 (Sawndip)
laemx (alternative)
naemx (alternative)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.namꟲ (“water”). Cognate with Ahom 𑜃𑜪 (naṃ), Lao ນ້ຳ (nam), Lü ᦓᧄᧉ (nam²), Northern Thai ᨶ᩶ᩣᩴ (nam), Shan ၼမ်ႉ (nâ̰m), Tai Dam ꪙꪾ꫁ (nam6), Tai Nüa ᥘᥛᥳ (lȧm), Thai น้ำ (náam), Southern Kam naemx, Tày nặm.

De fwngz ndeu yaeuj ndaej song doengj raemx bae!

2008, Rint Sybesma, “Zhuang: A Tai language with some Sinitic characteristics”, in Pieter Muysken, editor, From Linguistic Areas to Areal Linguistics, page 246

"S/he can lift two buckets of water with one hand!"

3s hand one raise ACQ two bucket water PRT


byaek

byaek (Sawndip forms 苝 or ⿱艹𫩡 or ⿱艹⿰白北 or 𱾦 or 𮎩 or 苩 or 北, 1957–1982 spelling byək)

苝 (Sawndip)
⿱艹𫩡 (Sawndip)
⿱艹⿰白北 (Sawndip)
𱾦 (Sawndip)
𮎩 (Sawndip)
苩 (Sawndip)
北 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *prakᴰ (“vegetable”). Cognate with Thai ผัก (pàk), Northern Thai ᨹᩢ᩠ᨠ, Lao ຜັກ (phak), Lü ᦕᧅ (ṗhak), Tai Nüa ᥚᥐᥴ (phák), Shan ၽၵ်း (phák), Ahom 𑜇𑜀𑜫 (phak), Nong Zhuang pyaek, Bouyei byagt, Saek พรั๊ก.


haiz

haiz (classifier cik, Sawndip forms 𮧙 or 𰆻 or 𮖀 or 絯 or 𮧛 or 𮖌, 1957–1982 spelling haiƨ)

cik (classifier)
𮧙 (Sawndip)
𰆻 (Sawndip)
𮖀 (Sawndip)
絯 (Sawndip)
𮧛 (Sawndip)
𮖌 (Sawndip)


byayouzyiz

byayouzyiz (1957–1982 spelling byayouƨyiƨ)

From bya (“fish”) + Chinese 魷魚／鱿鱼 (yóuyú, “squid”).


nyungz

From Proto-Tai *ɲuŋᴬ (“mosquito”). Cognate with Thai ยุง (yung), Northern Thai ᨿᩩᨦ (nyung), Lao ຍຸງ (nyung), Lü ᦍᦳᧂ (yung), Shan ယုင်း (yúng), Tai Nüa ᥕᥧᥒᥰ (yüng), Aiton ယုင် (yuṅ), Ahom 𑜐𑜤𑜂𑜫 (ñuṅ), Saek ญุ๊ง, Nong Zhuang nyongz.


ngaenzhangz

ngaenzhangz (1957–1982 spelling ŋənƨhaŋƨ)

/ŋan˧˩ haːŋ˧˩/


vah

vah (Sawndip forms 吪 or 化, 1957–1982 spelling vaƅ)

From Chinese 話 (MC hwaejH, “to say; to speak”). Cognate with Thai ว่า (wâa), Lao ວ່າ (wā), Northern Thai ᩅ᩵ᩤ, Khün ᩅ᩵ᩤ, Lü ᦞᦱᧈ (vaa¹), Shan ဝႃႈ (wāa), Tai Dam ꪫ꪿ꪱ, Ahom 𑜈𑜠 (ba).


rumz

rumz (Sawndip forms 𮨭 or 林 or 淋 or 啉 or 檒 or 沨, 1957–1982 spelling rumƨ)

𮨭 (Sawndip)
林 (Sawndip)
淋 (Sawndip)
啉 (Sawndip)
檒 (Sawndip)
沨 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.lɯmᴬ (“wind”). Cognate with Thai ลม (lom), Northern Thai ᩃᩫ᩠ᨾ, Lao ລົມ (lom), Lü ᦟᦳᧄ (lum), Shan လူမ်း (lúum), Phake လုံ (luṃ), Ahom 𑜎𑜪𑜤 (laṃu), Bouyei ndumx or rumx.


nyued

Compare Chinese 月 (MC ngjwot, “moon; month”).


moh

moh (Sawndip forms 塻 or 𫮲 or 𮁒 or 𡊉, 1957–1982 spelling moƅ)

塻 (Sawndip)
𫮲 (Sawndip)
𮁒 (Sawndip)
𡊉 (Sawndip)


bingz

bingz (Sawndip forms 砰 or ⿰石⿱䒑⿻几三 or 𮀭 or 砙 or 屏, 1957–1982 spelling biŋƨ)

砰 (Sawndip)
⿰石⿱䒑⿻几三 (Sawndip)
𮀭 (Sawndip)
砙 (Sawndip)
屏 (Sawndip)


vaiz

vaiz (Sawndip forms 𤘢 or 𤜄 or 犩 or 𤘹, 1957–1982 spelling vaiƨ)

𤘢 (Sawndip)
𤜄 (Sawndip)
犩 (Sawndip)
𤘹 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɣwaːjᴬ (“water buffalo”). Cognate with Thai ควาย (kwaai), Northern Thai ᨤ᩠ᩅᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ຄວາຍ (khuāi), Lü ᦩᦻ (xwaay), Tai Dam ꪁꪫꪱꪥ, Tai Nüa ᥑᥣᥭᥰ (xäay), Shan ၵႂၢႆး (kwáai), Ahom 𑜁𑜨𑜩 (khoy) or 𑜁𑜩 (khay), Saek ว๊าย.


rwed

From Proto-Tai *C̬.rɯətᴰ (“bedbug”). Cognate with Thai เรือด (rʉ̂ʉat), Lao ເຮືອດ (hư̄at), Shan ႁိူတ်ႈ (hōet), Ahom 𑜍𑜢𑜤𑜄𑜫 (rüt).


nengzgoemj

nengzgoemj (1957–1982 spelling neŋƨgɵmз)


ronghrib

ronghrib (Sawndip form 𭀴𧉼, 1957–1982 spelling roŋƅrib)

/ɣoːŋ˧ ɣip˧/


nengzgengz

nengzgengz (Sawndip form 𧉞𧌬, 1957–1982 spelling neŋƨgeŋƨ)

/neːŋ˧˩ keːŋ˧˩/

From nengz (“winged insect”) + a morpheme derived from Proto-Tai *geːŋᴬ (“stinkbug”).


meuz

Onomatopoeic, from the animal's cry. Compare Chinese 貓 (MC mjew|maew), Ahom 𑜈𑜢𑜈𑜫 (biw), Bouyei myaus, Thai แมว (mɛɛo), Northern Thai ᨾᩯ᩠ᩅ (maew), Lao ແມວ (mǣu), Lü ᦶᦙᧁ (maew), Shan မႅဝ်း (méao), Vietnamese mèo.


nyaenmeuz

From nyaen (“wild animal”) + meuz (“cat”).


cej

(polite) girl or woman who could be one's elder sister's age


beuzgeng

/peːu˧˩ keːŋ˨˦/


heuj

heuj (Sawndip forms 𭷐 or 𰠣 or 𭷑 or 啨 or 𱓪 or 呺 or ⿰好交 or 𬹺 or 𠲡, 1957–1982 spelling heuз)

𭷐 (Sawndip)
𰠣 (Sawndip)
𭷑 (Sawndip)
啨 (Sawndip)
𱓪 (Sawndip)
呺 (Sawndip)
⿰好交 (Sawndip)
𬹺 (Sawndip)
𠲡 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *χeːwꟲ (“fang”). Cognate with Thai เขี้ยว (kîao), Northern Thai ᨡ᩠᩶ᨿᩅ, Isan แข่ว or แข้ว, Lao ແຂ້ວ (khǣu), Shan ၶဵဝ်ႈ (khāeo), Ahom 𑜁𑜢𑜈𑜫 (khiw).


geuz

geuz (Sawndip form 𨥿, 1957–1982 spelling geuƨ)

From Chinese 鉸 (MC kaew|kaewX|kaewH). Compare Vietnamese kéo.


yaekseiz

key (device for opening and closing a lock)


mbei

mbei (Sawndip forms 胚 or 脢 or 𦟊, 1957–1982 spelling ƃei)

From Proto-Tai *ɓliːᴬ (“gallbladder; bile”).
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ดี (dii), Lao ບີ (bī), Shan လီ (lǐi), Ahom 𑜓𑜣 (dī) or 𑜎𑜣 (lī).


fwed

fwed (Sawndip forms 𭯗 or 𬆿 or 羽 or 𰭡 or ⿰发厾 or 撥 or 勿 or ⿺支勿 or 𱥣 or 𣭜, 1957–1982 spelling fɯed)

𭯗 (Sawndip)
𬆿 (Sawndip)
羽 (Sawndip)
𰭡 (Sawndip)
⿰发厾 (Sawndip)
撥 (Sawndip)
勿 (Sawndip)
⿺支勿 (Sawndip)
𱥣 (Sawndip)
𣭜 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *wɯətᴰ (“wing”). Cognate with Bouyei fead.


mauh

mauh (classifier aen, Sawndip forms 𫷀 or 冐, 1957–1982 spelling mauƅ)

aen (classifier)
𫷀 (Sawndip)
冐 (Sawndip)


rwi

rwi (Sawndip forms 𧒽 or 𬠵 or 𰳍 or 螺, 1957–1982 spelling rɯi)

𧒽 (Sawndip)
𬠵 (Sawndip)
𰳍 (Sawndip)
螺 (Sawndip)


ranz

ranz (Sawndip forms 𭓨 or 兰 or 䒟 or 苒 or 栏, 1957–1982 spelling ranƨ)

𭓨 (Sawndip)
兰 (Sawndip)
䒟 (Sawndip)
苒 (Sawndip)
栏 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *rɤːnᴬ (“house”). Cognate with Thai เรือน (rʉʉan), Northern Thai ᩁᩮᩥᩬᩁ, Isan เฮือน, Lao ເຮືອນ (hư̄an), Lü ᦵᦣᦲᧃ (hoen), Tai Dam ꪹꪭꪙ, Shan ႁိူၼ်း (hóen), Ahom 𑜍𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (rün), Tày rườn, Bouyei raanz, Zuojiang Zhuang rwenz.


gaeq

gaeq (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 䲸 or 盖 or 𱈱, 1957–1982 spelling gəiƽ)

duz (classifier)
䲸 (Sawndip)
盖 (Sawndip)
𱈱 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *kajᴮ (“chicken”). Cognate with Thai ไก่ (gài), Northern Thai ᨠᩱ᩵ (kai), Lao ໄກ່ (kai), Lü ᦺᦂᧈ (k̇ay¹), Tai Dam ꪼꪀ꪿, Shan ၵႆႇ (kài), Tai Nüa ᥐᥭᥱ (kǎy), Aiton ကႝ (kay), Ahom 𑜀𑜩 (kay), Bouyei gais, Saek ไก. Also compare Middle Chinese 雞 (MC kej, “chicken”).

cog

Lü ᦺᦂᧈ (k̇ay¹)


swcigih

/θɯ˧˥ ɕi˧˥ ki˧/

Borrowed from Mandarin 自治區／自治区 (zìzhìqū).

zh-l

自治區／自治区 (zìzhìqū)

Gvangjsih Bouxcuengh Swcigih


hagseng

/haːk˧ θeːŋ˨˦/


nuem

head

nuem (Sawndip form 蝻, 1957–1982 spelling nuem)

Cognate with Thai เหลือม (lʉ̌ʉam, “python”).


yinhyoz

zh-l

音樂／音乐 (yīnyuè)


sawloih

/θaɯ˨˦ loːi˧/


𩈩

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 面 (“face”) + phonetic 那 (OC *naːl, *naːlʔ, *naːls)


maxlaeuz

head

maxlaeuz (Sawndip forms 獁𤠑 or 獁𤠋 or 獁留 or 獁騮, 1957–1982 spelling maчləuƨ)

獁𤠑 (Sawndip)
獁𤠋 (Sawndip)
獁留 (Sawndip)
獁騮 (Sawndip)

Compare Cantonese 馬騮／马骝 (maa5 lau1, “monkey”).


dennauj

zh-l

電腦／电脑 (diànnǎo)


banjgienz

head

banjgienz (1957–1982 spelling banзgienƨ)

zh-l

版權／版权 (bǎnquán)


seveicujyi

head

seveicujyi (Sawndip forms 社會主義 or 社会主义, 1957–1982 spelling seveicuзyi)

社會主義 (Sawndip)
社会主义 (Sawndip)
sevei cujyi (alternative)

/θe˧˥ βei˧˥ ɕu˥ ji˧˥/

Borrowed from Mandarin 社會主義／社会主义 (shèhuì zhǔyì).

zh-l

社會主義／社会主义 (shèhuì zhǔyì)

seveicujyi miz Cungguek daegsaek


lwgsai

/lɯk˧ θaːi˨˦/

From lwg (“child”) + sai (“man; male”). Cognate with Thai ลูกชาย (lûuk-chaai).


lwgsau

/lɯk˧ θaːu˨˦/

From lwg (“child”) + sau (“girl”). Cognate with Thai ลูกสาว (lûuk-sǎao), Lao ລູກສາວ (lūk sāo).


daengngoenz

head

daengngoenz (1957–1982 spelling dəŋŋɵnƨ)

/taŋ˨˦ ŋon˧˩/

From daeng (“light”) + ngoenz (“day; daytime”). Cognate with Bouyei danglngonz.

compound

sun (the star around which the Earth revolves)


ronghndwen

head

ronghndwen (1957–1982 spelling roŋƅƌɯen)

/ɣoːŋ˧ ɗɯːn˨˦/

From rongh (“light”) + ndwen (“moon; month”). Cognate with Bouyei roonghndianl.

moon (largest natural satellite of planet Earth)


feihgih

feihgih (classifier gyaq, 1957–1982 spelling feiƅgiƅ)

zh-l

飛機／飞机 (fēijī)


vunzsoq

/βun˧˩ θo˧˥/

vunz + soq. Compare Chinese 人數 /人数 (rénshù).


lwed

head

lwed (Sawndip forms 𬠼 or 𧖩 or ⿱丿⿴𠀃丨 or 𮕠 or 洫 or 𣼷 or 𰳨 or 沥, 1957–1982 spelling lɯed)

𬠼 (Sawndip)
𧖩 (Sawndip)
⿱丿⿴𠀃丨 (Sawndip)
𮕠 (Sawndip)
洫 (Sawndip)
𣼷 (Sawndip)
𰳨 (Sawndip)
沥 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *lɯətᴰ (“blood”). Cognate with Thai เลือด (lʉ̂ʉat), Lao ເລືອດ (lư̄at), Lü ᦵᦟᦲᧆ (loed), Shan လိူတ်ႈ (lōet), Aiton လိုတ် (lüt), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜤𑜄𑜫 (lüt), Bouyei liad, Nong Zhuang lowd, Saek หล้วด.


gakcungj

/kaːk˧˥ ɕuŋ˥/

zh-l

各種／各种 (gèzhǒng)


genzli

權利／权利 (quánlì)

Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Mbouj ndaej bozdoz boux vunz dih gozciz, hix mbouj ndaej foujyin de gaijbienq gozciz dih genzli.

No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.


gozciz

國籍／国籍 (guójí)

Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Boux boux miz gozciz.

Everyone has the right to a nationality.


beixnuengx

head

beixnuengx (1957–1982 spelling beiчnueŋч)

zh-l

貝儂／贝侬 (bèinóng)

→ Chinese: 貝儂／贝侬 (bèinóng)

From beix (“older sibling”) + nuengx (“younger sibling”). Compare Thai พี่น้อง (pîi-nɔ́ɔng).


beix

head

beix (Sawndip forms 𤿌 or 佊 or 仳 or ⿰亻貝 or 𠾦 or ⿰哥輩 or 皮 or ⿱比兄 or 彼 or ⿰皮先, 1957–1982 spelling beiч)

𤿌 (Sawndip)
佊 (Sawndip)
仳 (Sawndip)
⿰亻貝 (Sawndip)
𠾦 (Sawndip)
⿰哥輩 (Sawndip)
皮 (Sawndip)
⿱比兄 (Sawndip)
彼 (Sawndip)
⿰皮先 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *biːᴮ (“older sibling”). Northern Tai dialects have the tone C such as Zhuang beix [peiꟲ²] due to contamination from Proto-Tai *nwoːŋꟲ (“younger sibling”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Bouyei bix.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai พี่ (pîi), Northern Thai ᨻᩦ᩵, Lao ພີ່ (phī), Lü ᦗᦲᧈ (pii¹), Shan ပီႈ (pīi), Ahom 𑜆𑜣 (pī).

(chiefly in folk songs) A term of address used by a girl to her boyfriend.


seiqgyaiq

seiqgyaiq (1957–1982 spelling seiƽgyaiƽ)

/θei˧˥ kʲaːi˧˥/

Borrowed from Chinese 世界 (MC syejH keajH).

Seiqgyaiq Yinzgenz Senhyenz


fwngz

fwngz (Sawndip forms ⿰手逢 or 摓 or 㐿 or 抙 or 逢 or ⿰𧾷手 or 𢪘 or 𢪖, 1957–1982 spelling fɯŋƨ)

⿰手逢 (Sawndip)
摓 (Sawndip)
㐿 (Sawndip)
抙 (Sawndip)
逢 (Sawndip)
⿰𧾷手 (Sawndip)
𢪘 (Sawndip)
𢪖 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *mwɯːᴬ (“hand”). The [-ŋ] in fwngz [fɯŋᴬ²] resulted from a sporadic nasalization. Most Northern Tai dialects show a final nasal.
In Northern Tai, cognate with Bouyei fengz, Saek มื๊อ.
In Central Tai, cognate with Tày mừ.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai มือ (mʉʉ), Lao ມື (mư̄), Lü ᦙᦹ (mue), Tai Dam ꪣꪳ, Tai Dón ꪝꪳ, Shan မိုဝ်း (múe), Aiton မိုဝ် (müw), Ahom 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (müw).
In other Tai, cognate with Zuojiang Zhuang mwz (see Zhuang mwz).
Possibly cognate with Proto-Austronesian *(qa)lima (“hand”).

(Zuojiang Zhuang: Longzhou (龙州); Daxin (大新))


coenz

coenz (Sawndip forms 咰 or 旬 or 𠲰 or 𠱜 or 询 or 𮞁 or 訰 or 呅 or 呴 or 𡆂 or 陈, 1957–1982 spelling cɵnƨ)

咰 (Sawndip)
旬 (Sawndip)
𠲰 (Sawndip)
𠱜 (Sawndip)
询 (Sawndip)
𮞁 (Sawndip)
訰 (Sawndip)
呅 (Sawndip)
呴 (Sawndip)
𡆂 (Sawndip)
陈 (Sawndip)


vuengz

vuengz (Sawndip form 王, 1957–1982 spelling vueŋƨ)


ngaenz

From Chinese 銀 (OC *ŋrɯn). Cognate with Thai เงิน (ngən), Lao ເງິນ (ngœn), Lü ᦇᦹᧃ (nguen), Tai Dam ꪹꪉꪷꪙ, Shan ငိုၼ်း (ngúen), Phake ငိုꩫ် (ṅün), Ahom 𑜂𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (ṅün).

cog

Ahom 𑜂𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (ṅün)


bwn

head

bwn (Sawndip forms 𭯓 or 𭯔 or 𭯞 or 𰚍 or 笨 or 枆 or ⿱毛品 or 𣮡 or 𱥞 or ⿺毛笨 or 𱥢 or 𣰨 or ⿺毛兵 or ⿱髟品 or 品 or ⿱賴毛, 1957–1982 spelling bɯn)

𭯓 (Sawndip)
𭯔 (Sawndip)
𭯞 (Sawndip)
𰚍 (Sawndip)
笨 (Sawndip)
枆 (Sawndip)
⿱毛品 (Sawndip)
𣮡 (Sawndip)
𱥞 (Sawndip)
⿺毛笨 (Sawndip)
𱥢 (Sawndip)
𣰨 (Sawndip)
⿺毛兵 (Sawndip)
⿱髟品 (Sawndip)
品 (Sawndip)
⿱賴毛 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *q.pɯlᴬ (“body hair; feather”). Cognate with Thai ขน (kǒn), Lao ຂົນ (khon), Lü ᦃᦳᧃ (ẋun), Tai Dam ꪶꪄꪙ, Shan ၶူၼ် (khǔun), Aiton ၵုꩫ် (khun), Bouyei benl, Ahom 𑜁𑜤𑜃𑜫 (khun), Nong Zhuang koan, Saek ปุ๋น.

cog

Lü ᦃᦳᧃ (ẋun)


bwn

head

bwn (Sawndip forms 錛 or 𣬞, 1957–1982 spelling bɯn)

Compare Lü ᦔᦹᧃ (ṗuen), Thai ปืน (bpʉʉn).


bwt

bwt (Sawndip forms 肧 or 䏟 or 𰮡 or ⿱丶不, 1957–1982 spelling bɯt)

肧 (Sawndip)
䏟 (Sawndip)
𰮡 (Sawndip)
⿱丶不 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *pwɤtᴰ (“lung”), from Old Chinese 肺 (OC *pʰobs, “lung”). Cognate with Thai ปอด (bpɔ̀ɔt), Lao ປອດ (pǭt), Shan ပွတ်ႇ (pàut).


daep

daep (Sawndip forms 𦡯 or 𰨽 or ⿰扌肝 or 德 or ⿰月寺 or 𦞂 or 習, 1957–1982 spelling dəp)

𦡯 (Sawndip)
𰨽 (Sawndip)
⿰扌肝 (Sawndip)
德 (Sawndip)
⿰月寺 (Sawndip)
𦞂 (Sawndip)
習 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *tapᴰ (“liver”). Cognate with Bouyei dabt, Thai ตับ (dtàp), Northern Thai ᨲᩢ᩠ᨷ, Lao ຕັບ (tap), Lü ᦶᦎᧇ (ṫaeb) or ᦎᧇ (ṫab), Shan တပ်း (táp), Aiton တပ် (tap), Saek ตั๊บ.


daep

Cognate with Bouyei dabt (“to button; to lock”).


vuzcwngfujcujyi

vuzcwngfujcujyi (1957–1982 spelling vuƨcɯŋfuзcuзyi)

/βu˧˩ ɕɯŋ˧˥ fu˥ ɕu˥ ji˧˥/

From Mandarin 無政府主義／无政府主义 (wúzhèngfǔzhǔyì).

zh-l

無政府主義／无政府主义 (wúzhèngfǔzhǔyì)


ciencwng

/ɕiːn˨˦ ɕɯŋ˨˦/

Borrowed from Mandarin 專政／专政 (zhuānzhèng).


dansuijvahozvuz

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dansuijvahozvuz (1957–1982 spelling dansuiзvahoƨvuƨ)

/taːn˧˥ θuːi˥ βa˧˥ ho˧˩ βu˧˩/

Borrowed from Mandarin 碳水化合物 (tànshuǐ huàhéwù).


faencung

/fan˨˦ ɕuŋ˨˦/


cungdaeuz

cungdaeuz (classifier aen, 1957–1982 spelling cuŋdəuƨ)

/ɕuŋ˨˦ tau˧˩/


hoengjlungz

hoengjlungz (1957–1982 spelling hɵŋзluŋƨ)


lauxbaeghoengz

lauxbaeghoengz (1957–1982 spelling lauчbəghɵŋƨ)

From lauxbaeg (“radish”) + hoengz (“red”), calque from Chinese 紅蘿蔔／红萝卜 (hóngluóbo, “carrot”).


roeg

roeg (Sawndip forms 𮬭 or 𠯿 or 𬟻 or 鵦 or 六, 1957–1982 spelling rɵg)

𮬭 (Sawndip)
𠯿 (Sawndip)
𬟻 (Sawndip)
鵦 (Sawndip)
六 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.nokᴰ (“bird”). Cognate with Ahom 𑜃𑜤𑜀𑜫 (nuk), Bouyei rog, Lao ນົກ (nok), Lü ᦷᦓᧅ (nok), Northern Thai ᨶᩫ᩠ᨠ (nok), Shan ၼူၵ်ႉ (nṵ̂uk), Tai Dam ꪶꪙꪀ, Thai นก (nók).


lozdoz

Borrowed from Mandarin 駱駝／骆驼 (luòtuo). Cognate with Thai โลโต (loo-dtoo).


gyaeq

gyaeq (classifier aen, Sawndip forms 𮕊 or 𰳢 or ⿰蛋鳮 or ⿰蛋鸡 or 㖒 or 𲀏 or 𬿷 or ⿱疋虽 or ⿰蛋口 or 𱲪, 1957–1982 spelling gyəiƽ)

aen (classifier)
𮕊 (Sawndip)
𰳢 (Sawndip)
⿰蛋鳮 (Sawndip)
⿰蛋鸡 (Sawndip)
㖒 (Sawndip)
𲀏 (Sawndip)
𬿷 (Sawndip)
⿱疋虽 (Sawndip)
⿰蛋口 (Sawndip)
𱲪 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *qraj (“egg”). Cognate with Thai ไข่ (kài), Lao ໄຂ່ (khai), Northern Thai ᨡᩱ᩵ (khai), Lü ᦺᦃᧈ (ẋay¹), Tai Dam ꪼꪎ꪿, Shan ၶႆႇ (khài), Ahom 𑜁𑜩 (khay), Bouyei jais.

cog

Lü ᦺᦃᧈ (ẋay¹)


doxgaiq

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doxgaiq (Sawndip form 度介, 1957–1982 spelling doчgaiƽ)


laeuj

laeuj (Sawndip forms 氿 or 溇 or 𪶾 or 𨢇, 1957–1982 spelling ləuз)

氿 (Sawndip)
溇 (Sawndip)
𪶾 (Sawndip)
𨢇 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰlawꟲ (“liquor”). Cognate with Thai เหล้า (lâo), Northern Thai ᩉᩖᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ, Lao ເຫຼົ້າ (lao), Lü ᦜᧁᧉ (l̇aw²), Shan လဝ်ႈ (lāo), Tai Nüa ᥘᥝᥲ (làw), Ahom 𑜎𑜨𑜧 (low), Bouyei lauc, Saek เล̂า.

cog

Lü ᦜᧁᧉ (l̇aw²)


goep

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goep (Sawndip forms 𮔤 or 𧋉 or 𫊩 or 喼 or 𤞞 or 𰲾 or 蝈, 1957–1982 spelling gɵp)

𮔤 (Sawndip)
𧋉 (Sawndip)
𫊩 (Sawndip)
喼 (Sawndip)
𤞞 (Sawndip)
𰲾 (Sawndip)
蝈 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *kɤpᴰ (“frog”). Cognate with Thai กบ (gòp), Lao ກົບ (kop), Shan ၵူပ်း (kúup), Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜆𑜫 (kup), Bouyei gobt, Saek กั๊บ.

frog (especially one that is large and edible)


dawh

dawh (classifier gouh, ga, Sawndip forms 𥳳 or 𰪘 or 逗 or ⿱𥫗特 or ⿱𥫗德 or ⿱𥫗得, 1957–1982 spelling dəɯƅ), ga|DAW6]]

dawh (canonical)
gouh (classifier)
ga (classifier)
𥳳 (Sawndip)
𰪘 (Sawndip)
逗 (Sawndip)
⿱𥫗特 (Sawndip)
⿱𥫗德 (Sawndip)
⿱𥫗得 (Sawndip)

Borrowed from Chinese 箸 (MC drjoH, “chopstick”). Cognate with Bouyei deh (“chopstick”).

gouh dawh he

sam gouh dawh

sam ga dawh


lingz

lingz (Sawndip forms 𬌴 or 狑, 1957–1982 spelling liŋƨ)

Inherited from Proto-Tai *liːŋᴬ (“monkey”). Cognate with Thai ลิง (ling), Northern Thai ᩃᩥ᩠ᨦ, Khün ᩃᩥ᩠ᨦ, Lao ລີງ (līng), Lü ᦟᦲᧂ (liing), Tai Dam ꪩꪲꪉ, Tai Dón ꪩꪲꪉ, Shan လိင်း (líng), Tai Nüa ᥘᥤᥒᥰ (lïng), Khamti လိင်း, Phake လိင် (liṅ), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜂𑜫 (liṅ), Bouyei lingz, Saek ลิ๊ง.


gungcanjdangj

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gungcanjdangj (1957–1982 spelling guŋcanзdaŋз)

/kuŋ˧˥ ɕaːn˥ taːŋ˥/

Borrowed from Mandarin 共產黨／共产党 (gòngchǎndǎng).


daek

daek (Sawndip forms 𧍋 or 𮔹 or 𰳌 or 𧍡 or 𫊵 or 𮕏, 1957–1982 spelling dək)

𧍋 (Sawndip)
𮔹 (Sawndip)
𰳌 (Sawndip)
𧍡 (Sawndip)
𫊵 (Sawndip)
𮕏 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *p.takᴰ (“grasshopper”). Cognate with Bouyei dagt (“grasshopper”) and Thai ตั๊ก (dták) (as in ตั๊กแตน (dták-gà-dtɛɛn)).


daekmax

From daek (“grasshopper”) + max (“horse”). Cognate with Bouyei dagtmax (“praying mantis”). Compare Chinese 天馬／天马 (tiānmǎ).

zh-l

天馬／天马 (tiānmǎ)


maxlangzgangz

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maxlangzgangz (1957–1982 spelling maчlaŋƨgaŋƨ)

/ma˦˨ laːŋ˧˩ kaːŋ˧˩/

Compare Cantonese 馬螂狂 /马螂狂 (maa⁵ long⁴ kong⁴).


mbwn

mbwn (Sawndip forms 𭑆 or 𭑙 or 𭑇 or 𮦗 or 𮦅, 1957–1982 spelling ƃɯn)

𭑆 (Sawndip)
𭑙 (Sawndip)
𭑇 (Sawndip)
𮦗 (Sawndip)
𮦅 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɓɯnᴬ (“sky; heaven”). Cognate with Thai บน (bon), Northern Thai ᨷᩫ᩠ᨶ, Lao ບົນ (bon), Lü ᦥᦳᧃ (bun) or ᦢᦳᧃ (ḃun), Shan ဝူၼ် (wǔun) or မူၼ် (mǔun), Bouyei mbenl, Saek บึ๋น, Tày bôn.

(religion) God (impersonal and universal spiritual presence or force)


ndaundeiq

/ɗaːu˨˦ ɗei˧˥/

From Proto-Tai *t.naːwᴬ (“star (general)”) + Proto-Tai *ɗiːᴮ (“star (in the sky)”). Cognate with Bouyei ndaaulndis.


maknganx

/maːk˧˥ ŋaːn˦˨/

From mak (“fruit”) + a morpheme from Chinese 眼 (MC ngeanX, “eye”).


ngwz

ngwz (Sawndip forms 蚅 or 𫋍 or 𧈭, 1957–1982 spelling ŋɯƨ)

From Proto-Tai *ŋwɯːᴬ (“snake”). Cognate with Thai งู (nguu), Northern Thai ᨦᩪ, Lao ງູ (ngū), Lü ᦇᦴ (nguu), Tai Dam ꪉꪴ, Shan ငူး (ngúu), Tai Nüa ᥒᥧᥰ (ngü), Ahom 𑜂𑜥 (ṅū), Bouyei ngeaz, Nong Zhuang nguz, Saek งั๊ว.


swzdenj

/θɯ˧˩ teːn˥/

zh-l

詞典／词典 (cídiǎn)


hwnz

From Proto-Tai *ɣɯːnᴬ (“night”). Cognate with Thai คืน (kʉʉn), Lao ຄືນ (khư̄n), Shan ၶိုၼ်း (khúen), Ahom 𑜁𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (khün).


mboq

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mboq (Sawndip forms 㳍 or 𬇱 or 呇 or 𭯷 or 漠 or 咘, 1957–1982 spelling ƃoƽ)

㳍 (Sawndip)
𬇱 (Sawndip)
呇 (Sawndip)
𭯷 (Sawndip)
漠 (Sawndip)
咘 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɓoːᴮ (“well; spring”). Cognate with Thai บ่อ (bɔ̀ɔ), Northern Thai ᨷᩬᩴ᩵, Lao ບໍ່ (bǭ), Shan မေႃႇ (màu) or ဝေႃႇ (wàu), Ahom 𑜈𑜦𑜨𑜡 (beoā) or 𑜉𑜦𑜨𑜡 (meoā).


faenz

faenz (Sawndip forms 𭷏 or 𱌪 or 呅 or 文 or 坟 or ⿰文牙 or ⿰牙分 or 抆 or ⿰刀分 or ⿰牙奋, 1957–1982 spelling fənƨ)

𭷏 (Sawndip)
𱌪 (Sawndip)
呅 (Sawndip)
文 (Sawndip)
坟 (Sawndip)
⿰文牙 (Sawndip)
⿰牙分 (Sawndip)
抆 (Sawndip)
⿰刀分 (Sawndip)
⿰牙奋 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *wanᴬ (“tooth”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Bouyei fanz.
In Central Tai, cognate with Nong Zhuang faenz.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ฟัน (fan), Northern Thai ᨼᩢ᩠ᨶ (fan), Ahom 𑜇𑜝𑜃𑜫 (phlan).
Possibly cognate with Proto-Austronesian *nipen (whence Tagalog ngipin, Maori niho).
Within Kra-Dai, compare Sui vyanl, wyanl (“tooth”), Southern Kam bienl, biaenl (“tooth”).

(dialectal) tooth (Wuming (武鳴), Hengxian (横县), Yongbei (邕北), Laibin (来宾), Yongnan (邕南), Long'an (隆安); Nong Zhuang)


faenz

(dialectal) grave; tomb as the a part of faenzmoh (Yongbei (邕北), Pngguo (平果), Shangsi (上思); Zuojiang Zhuang - Longzhou (龙州), Daxin (大新); Deqing Zhuang - Debao (德保)) or faengzmuh (Zuojiang Zhuang - Chongzuo (崇左), Ningming (宁明))


faenz

(dialectal) seed (Pingguo (平果), Jiudong (旧东); Zuojiang Zhuang - Longzhou (龙州), Daxin (大新); Deqing Zhuang; Nung Zhuang)


haeux

haeux (Sawndip forms 𬖙 or 𬖦 or 糇 or 后 or 厚, 1957–1982 spelling həuч)

𬖙 (Sawndip)
𬖦 (Sawndip)
糇 (Sawndip)
后 (Sawndip)
厚 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.qawꟲ (“rice”), from Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *rk[aw]ʔ (“husked rice”). Cognate with Thai ข้าว (kâao), Northern Thai ᨡᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ, Lao ເຂົ້າ (khao), Lü ᦃᧁᧉ (ẋaw²), Tai Dam ꪹꪄ꫁ꪱ, Shan ၶဝ်ႈ (khāo), Phake ၵွ် (khaw), Ahom 𑜁𑜧 (khaw), 𑜁𑜨𑜧 (khow) or 𑜁𑜧𑜈𑜫 (khaww), Saek เกฺา.

cog

Lü ᦃᧁᧉ (ẋaw²)


𣭈

Sawndip form of bit (“pen; pencil; writing implement”)


laehcei

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laehcei (classifier go, Sawndip forms 荲枝 or 梨树, 1957–1982 spelling ləiƅcei)

go (classifier)
荲枝 (Sawndip)
梨树 (Sawndip)


laehcei

laehcei (Sawndip forms 荲枝 or 梨树, 1957–1982 spelling ləiƅcei)


makmanghgoj

makmanghgoj (1957–1982 spelling makmaŋƅgoз)

From mak (“fruit”) + a morpheme from Mandarin 芒果 (mángguǒ).


bohloz

zh-l

菠蘿／菠萝 (bōluó)


soujgih

手機／手机 (shǒujī)


denva

/teːn˧˥ βa˧˥/

電話／电话 (diànhuà)


suyoz

數學／数学 (shùxué)


cijvaiz

/ɕi˥ βaːi˧˩/

From cij (“milk”) + vaiz (“water buffalo”).


ywgikrengz

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ywgikrengz (1957–1982 spelling yɯgikreŋƨ)

/jɯ˨˦ kik˥ ɣeːŋ˧˩/

From yw (“medication”) + gik (“to encourage”) + rengz (“strength”).


vumzvauz

/βum˧˩ βaːu˧˩/

The second syllable is cognate with Bouyei waauz (“bat”).


ngoenzneix

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ngoenzneix (1957–1982 spelling ŋɵnƨneiч)

Compound of ngoenz (“day”) + neix (“this”).


swyouz

/θɯ˧˥ jou˧˩/


dayoz

zh-l

大學／大学 (dàxué)


hauxseng

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hauxseng (classifier daeg, 1957–1982 spelling hauчseŋ)

/haːu˦˨ θeːŋ˨˦/

daeg hauxseng


gemj

gemj (Sawndip forms 𰯔 or 减 or ⿰月咸 or 噉, 1957–1982 spelling gemз)

𰯔 (Sawndip)
减 (Sawndip)
⿰月咸 (Sawndip)
噉 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *keːmꟲ (“cheek”). Cognate with Thai แก้ม (gɛ̂ɛm), Northern Thai ᨠᩯ᩠᩶ᨾ, Lao ແກ້ມ (kǣm), Lü ᦶᦂᧄᧉ (k̇aem²), Shan ၵႅမ်ႈ (kēm), Ahom 𑜀𑜪𑜧 (kaṃw), Bouyei jeemc.

cog

Lü ᦶᦂᧄᧉ (k̇aem²)


fwj

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fwj (Sawndip forms 𬽀 or 𰌟 or ⿱勿云 or ⿰弗云 or ⿱雨发 or 𬽂 or ⿱府雲 or ⿰丰雲 or 𬽁 or ⿰子雲 or ⿱符云 or 𮦔 or ⿰云發, 1957–1982 spelling fɯз)

𬽀 (Sawndip)
𰌟 (Sawndip)
⿱勿云 (Sawndip)
⿰弗云 (Sawndip)
⿱雨发 (Sawndip)
𬽂 (Sawndip)
⿱府雲 (Sawndip)
⿰丰雲 (Sawndip)
𬽁 (Sawndip)
⿰子雲 (Sawndip)
⿱符云 (Sawndip)
𮦔 (Sawndip)
⿰云發 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰwɯəꟲ (“cloud”). Cognate with Thai ฝ้า (fâa).


caezgya

/ɕai˧˩ kʲa˨˦/


liengz

liengz (Sawndip form 桹, 1957–1982 spelling lieŋƨ)


doengz

doengz (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 𱁛 or 𫕩 or 𬟽 or 𧊚, 1957–1982 spelling dɵŋƨ)

duz (classifier)
𱁛 (Sawndip)
𫕩 (Sawndip)
𬟽 (Sawndip)
𧊚 (Sawndip)


faiq

faiq (Sawndip forms 𫟌 or 歪 or 𣖋, 1957–1982 spelling faiƽ)

Cognate with Thai ฝ้าย (fâai), Lao ຝ້າຍ (fāi), Northern Thai ᨺ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lü ᦚᦻᧉ (ḟaay²), Tày phải, Bouyei waais.

cog

Lü ᦚᦻᧉ (ḟaay²)


cwz

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cwz (Sawndip forms 𤙛 or 狳 or 𭷽 or ⿰牛取 or 𤚉 or ⿰牛則 or ⿰牛出 or ⿰牛徐 or 𭸭, 1957–1982 spelling cɯƨ)

𤙛 (Sawndip)
狳 (Sawndip)
𭷽 (Sawndip)
⿰牛取 (Sawndip)
𤚉 (Sawndip)
⿰牛則 (Sawndip)
⿰牛出 (Sawndip)
⿰牛徐 (Sawndip)
𭸭 (Sawndip)


vwnzva

/βɯn˧˩ βa˧˥/


haij

From Chinese 海 (MC xojX). Cognate with Bouyei haaic.


hanq

From Proto-Tai *haːnᴮ (“goose”). Cognate with Thai ห่าน (hàan), Lao ຫ່ານ (hān), Shan ႁၢၼ်ႇ (hàan), Ahom 𑜑𑜃𑜫 (han). Compare Middle Chinese 雁 (MC ngaenH, “wild goose”), Proto-Mon-Khmer *haan (“goose”), Proto-Khmuic *haːn (“goose”).


lungz

lungz (Sawndip forms 𠈵 or 儱 or 𰠋 or 弄 or 龙 or 㑝 or 隆, 1957–1982 spelling luŋƨ)

𠈵 (Sawndip)
儱 (Sawndip)
𰠋 (Sawndip)
弄 (Sawndip)
龙 (Sawndip)
㑝 (Sawndip)
隆 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *luŋᴬ (“parent's older brother”).
Cognate with Thai ลุง (lung), Lao ລຸງ (lung), Lü ᦟᦳᧂ (lung), Shan လုင်း (lúng), Tai Nüa ᥘᥧᥒᥰ (lüng), Nong Zhuang lungz, Saek ลุ๊ง.


lungz

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lungz (Sawndip forms ⿱石⿺乚三 or 竜 or ⿺竜𠃑, 1957–1982 spelling luŋƨ)

⿱石⿺乚三 (Sawndip)
竜 (Sawndip)
⿺竜𠃑 (Sawndip)


gyong

gyong (classifier aen, Sawndip forms 皷 or 𭽰 or 𧯾 or 𰋋 or ⿰鼓東 or ⿰鼓皮 or 鞏 or 𮧘 or 鼕 or ⿱鼓工 or 𭽥 or ⿺鼓公 or ⿺鼓共 or ⿱鼓共, 1957–1982 spelling gyoŋ)

aen (classifier)
皷 (Sawndip)
𭽰 (Sawndip)
𧯾 (Sawndip)
𰋋 (Sawndip)
⿰鼓東 (Sawndip)
⿰鼓皮 (Sawndip)
鞏 (Sawndip)
𮧘 (Sawndip)
鼕 (Sawndip)
⿱鼓工 (Sawndip)
𭽥 (Sawndip)
⿺鼓公 (Sawndip)
⿺鼓共 (Sawndip)
⿱鼓共 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *kloːŋᴬ (“drum”). Cognate with Thai กลอง (glɔɔng), Lao ກອງ (kǭng), Lü ᦂᦸᧂ (k̇oang), Shan ၵွင် (kǎung), Ahom 𑜀𑜨𑜂𑜫 (koṅ). Compare Vietnamese trống.


rengx

rengx (Sawndip forms 𭙃 or 𭦾 or 𭦜 or 𰕹 or ⿰旱灵 or 唡 or ⿰天旱 or ⿰旱令 or 𭧄 or 良 or ⿰猛添, 1957–1982 spelling reŋч)

𭙃 (Sawndip)
𭦾 (Sawndip)
𭦜 (Sawndip)
𰕹 (Sawndip)
⿰旱灵 (Sawndip)
唡 (Sawndip)
⿰天旱 (Sawndip)
⿰旱令 (Sawndip)
𭧄 (Sawndip)
良 (Sawndip)
⿰猛添 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.leːŋꟲ. Cognate with Thai แล้ง (lɛ́ɛng), Lao ແລ້ງ (lǣng), Lü ᦶᦟᧂᧉ (laeng²), Shan လႅင်ႉ (lḛ̂ng), Zuojiang Zhuang lengx.


rwz

rwz (Sawndip forms 聏 or 利 or 𦕗, 1957–1982 spelling rɯƨ)

From Proto-Tai *krwɯːᴬ (“ear”). The initial *k- may have been a prefix that was lost early on in dialects that have reflexes with tone A2 such as Zhuang rwz [ɣɯᴬ²].
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai หู (hǔu), Northern Thai ᩉᩪ, Lao ຫູ (hū), Lü ᦠᦴ (ḣuu), Shan ႁူ (hǔu), Tai Dam ꪬꪴ, Tai Nüa ᥞᥧᥴ (hú), Aiton ꩭူ (hū), Ahom 𑜍𑜥 (rū).
Compare Proto-Kra *k.raᴬ and Sui kkal.


ciengh

ciengh (Sawndip form 𤡸, 1957–1982 spelling cieŋƅ)

From Chinese 象 (MC zjangX, “elephant”). Cognate with Proto-Tai *ɟaːŋꟲ (“elephant”), whence Thai ช้าง (cháang), Northern Thai ᨩ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦ, Isan ซ่าง, Lao ຊ້າງ (sāng), Lü ᦋᦱᧂᧉ (tsaang²), Tai Dam ꪋ꫁ꪱꪉ, Shan ၸၢင်ႉ (tsâ̰ang), Tai Nüa ᥓᥣᥒᥳ (tsȧang), Ahom 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ), Saek ซาง.


vuengzdaeq

vuengzdaeq (1957–1982 spelling vueŋƨdəiƽ)

/βuːŋ˧˩ tai˧˥/


yiengz

yiengz (Sawndip form 𦍕, 1957–1982 spelling yieŋƨ)


yijfaz

zh-l

語法／语法 (yǔfǎ)


nywj

From Proto-Tai *ʰɲɯəꟲ (“grass”). Cognate with Thai หญ้า (yâa), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨿ᩶ᩣ, Lao ຫຍ້າ (nyā), Lü ᦊᦱᧉ (ẏaa²), Tai Dam ꪐ꫁ꪱ, Shan ယိူဝ်ႈ (yōe), ယႃႈ (yāa), Tai Nüa ᥕᥫᥲ (yòe), ᥕᥣᥲ (yàa), Phake ယႃ (yā), Ahom 𑜊𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (jʸüw), 𑜊𑜠 (jʸa), 𑜊𑜡 (jʸā), 𑜐𑜠 (ña), Tày nhả, Bouyei nyal, Nong Zhuang nyaj, Zuojiang Zhuang yaj.

cog

Lü ᦊᦱᧉ (ẏaa²)


byoem

head

byoem (Sawndip forms 𭯞 or 𰚬 or 𱥞 or ⿱髟品 or 𭯔 or 𭯓, 1957–1982 spelling byɵm)

𭯞 (Sawndip)
𰚬 (Sawndip)
𱥞 (Sawndip)
⿱髟品 (Sawndip)
𭯔 (Sawndip)
𭯓 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *prɤmᴬ (“head hair”). Cognate with Thai ผม (pǒm), Northern Thai ᨹᩫ᩠ᨾ, Lao ຜົມ (phom), Lü ᦕᦳᧄ (ṗhum), Shan ၽူမ် (phǔum), Ahom 𑜇𑜪𑜤 (phaṃu), Shangsi Zhuang pʰomᴬ¹, Saek ผรั่ม.


angq

From Chinese 盎 (MC 'angH). Compare Vietnamese ang.


cax

cax (Sawndip forms 𰄪 or 𭃛 or ⿰沙刀 or 鎈 or ⿰刀乂 or 𨩨 or 刹 or ⿱殺刀 or ⿰阝杀 or 杀 or 𭃇 or 𨦅 or ⿰查刀 or 鉲 or 𱐗 or 𱐡 or 乍 or 社, 1957–1982 spelling caч)

𰄪 (Sawndip)
𭃛 (Sawndip)
⿰沙刀 (Sawndip)
鎈 (Sawndip)
⿰刀乂 (Sawndip)
𨩨 (Sawndip)
刹 (Sawndip)
⿱殺刀 (Sawndip)
⿰阝杀 (Sawndip)
杀 (Sawndip)
𭃇 (Sawndip)
𨦅 (Sawndip)
⿰查刀 (Sawndip)
鉲 (Sawndip)
𱐗 (Sawndip)
𱐡 (Sawndip)
乍 (Sawndip)
社 (Sawndip)


roegga

roegga (Sawndip form 𮬭𱈡, 1957–1982 spelling rɵgga)

From roeg (“bird”) + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *kaːᴬ (“crow”). The second part is cognate with Thai กา (gaa), Lao ກາ (kā), Lü ᦂᦱ (k̇aa), Shan ၵႃ (kǎa), Tai Nüa ᥐᥣ (kaa), Tày ca.


cienzngaenz

cienzngaenz (1957–1982 spelling cienƨŋənƨ)

/ɕiːn˧˩ ŋan˧˩/


maenz

maenz (Sawndip forms 苠 or 𣐡 or 茗 or 民 or 悶 or 门, 1957–1982 spelling mənƨ)

苠 (Sawndip)
𣐡 (Sawndip)
茗 (Sawndip)
民 (Sawndip)
悶 (Sawndip)
门 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *manᴬ (“yam”). Cognate with Thai มัน (man), Lao ມັນ (man), Shan မၼ်း (mán), Ahom 𑜉𑜃𑜫 (man).


soemj

From Proto-Tai *sɤmꟲ (“sour”). Cognate with Thai ส้ม (sôm), Lao ສົ້ມ (som), Shan သူမ်ႈ (sūum), Lü ᦉᦳᧄᧉ (ṡum²), Ahom 𑜏𑜤𑜪 (suṃ). Compare Middle Chinese 酸 (MC swan, “sour”) and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləsəm (whence Malay asam and Toba Batak asom).

cog

Lü ᦉᦳᧄᧉ (ṡum²)


ndaengq

head

ndaengq (Sawndip forms ⿰鹵凳 or ⿰鹵宁 or ⿰石宁 or 碇 or 砱 or ⿰令鄧 or ⿰口鄧 or 泞, 1957–1982 spelling ƌəŋƽ)

⿰鹵凳 (Sawndip)
⿰鹵宁 (Sawndip)
⿰石宁 (Sawndip)
碇 (Sawndip)
砱 (Sawndip)
⿰令鄧 (Sawndip)
⿰口鄧 (Sawndip)
泞 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɗaŋᴮ (“lye”).
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ด่าง (dàang), Lao ດັ່ງ (dang), Shan လင်ႇ (làng).


gwz

From Chinese 茄 (MC gja, “eggplant; aubergine”). Compare Thai มะเขือ (má-kʉ̌ʉa), Lao ໝາກເຂືອ (māk khư̄a), Shan မၢၵ်ႇၶိူဝ် (màak khǒe).

cog

Thai มะเขือ (má-kʉ̌ʉa)

Lao ໝາກເຂືອ (māk khư̄a)

Shan မၢၵ်ႇၶိူဝ် (màak khǒe)


lwggwz

From lwg- + a morpheme from Chinese 茄 (MC gja, “eggplant; aubergine”). Compare Thai มะเขือ (má-kʉ̌ʉa), Lao ໝາກເຂືອ (māk khư̄a), Shan မၢၵ်ႇၶိူဝ် (màak khǒe).

Thai มะเขือ (má-kʉ̌ʉa)

Lao ໝາກເຂືອ (māk khư̄a)

Shan မၢၵ်ႇၶိူဝ် (màak khǒe)


maet

head

maet (Sawndip forms 𮓲 or 乜 or 蝞 or 𬟼, 1957–1982 spelling mət)

𮓲 (Sawndip)
乜 (Sawndip)
蝞 (Sawndip)
𬟼 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmatᴰ (“flea”). Cognate with Thai หมัด (màt), Lao ໝັດ (mat), Tai Dam ꪢꪰꪒ, Shan မတ်း (mát), Ahom 𑜉𑜄𑜫 (mat).


makbinzgoj

makbinzgoj (1957–1982 spelling makbinƨgoз)

From mak (“fruit”) + Mandarin 蘋果／苹果 (píngguǒ, “apple”). Compare Lue ᦖᦱᧅᦘᦲᧃᧉᦷᦅ (ṁaakphiin²ko).


mbaq

mbaq (Sawndip forms 𭨼 or 𮌙 or 𰯜 or ⿰肩罢 or 𦟐 or 𦟟 or 𦘲 or ⿰肩发 or ⿲月罢肩, 1957–1982 spelling ƃaƽ)

𭨼 (Sawndip)
𮌙 (Sawndip)
𰯜 (Sawndip)
⿰肩罢 (Sawndip)
𦟐 (Sawndip)
𦟟 (Sawndip)
𦘲 (Sawndip)
⿰肩发 (Sawndip)
⿲月罢肩 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̥.baːᴮ (“shoulder”).
In Zuojiang Zhuang, cognate with mbaq (Ningming, Longzhou dialects), mbaq as in geuqmbaq, mbah (Daxin dialect).
In Central Tai, cognate with Nong Zhuang mbaq as in lungzmbaq, Tày bá.
In Southernwesten Tai, cognate with Thai บ่า (bàa), Northern Thai ᨷ᩵ᩤ, Lao ບ່າ (bā), Shan မႃႇ (màa) or ဝႃႇ (wàa), Ahom 𑜈𑜡 (bā).
Possibly cognate with Proto-Austronesian *qabaʀa (“shoulder”).


menbauh

zh-l

麵包／面包 (miànbāo)


naeng

Inherited from Proto-Tai *ʰnaŋᴬ (“skin”). Cognate with Thai หนัง (nǎng), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨶᩢᨦ, Lao ໜັງ (nang), Lü ᦐᧂ (ṅang), Tai Dam ꪘꪰꪉ, Shan ၼင် (nǎng), Aiton ꩫင် (naṅ).

inh+

outer layer of an animal (including a human) or plant: skin; hide; bark

skin (congealed layer on the surface of a liquid)


lauxsae

zh-l

老師／老师 (lǎoshī)


gyoij

head

gyoij (Sawndip forms 𭀐 or 楷 or 蒮, 1957–1982 spelling gyoiз)

From Proto-Tai *kluəjꟲ (“banana”). Cognate with Thai กล้วย (glûai), Northern Thai ᨠᩖ᩠ᩅ᩠᩶ᨿ or ᨠ᩠ᩃ᩠ᩅ᩠᩶ᨿ, Lao ກ້ວຍ (kuāi), Lü ᦂᦽᧉ (k̇oy²), Tai Dam ꪀ꫁ꪺꪥ, Shan ၵူၺ်ႈ (kōi), Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜐𑜫 (kuñ), Bouyei joic.

cog

Lü ᦂᦽᧉ (k̇oy²)


mwz

head

mwz (Sawndip forms ⿰手麻 or 摩 or 𪎚, 1957–1982 spelling mɯƨ)

From Proto-Tai *mwɯːᴬ (“hand”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Zhuang fwngz, Bouyei fengz, Saek มื๊อ.
In Central Tai, cognate with Tày mừ.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai มือ (mʉʉ), Northern Thai ᨾᩨ, Lao ມື (mư̄), Lü ᦙᦹ (mue), Tai Dam ꪣꪳ, Tai Dón ꪝꪳ, Shan မိုဝ်း (múe), Aiton မိုဝ် (müw), Ahom 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (müw).
Possibly cognate with Proto-Austronesian *(qa)lima (“hand”).

(dialectal) hand (Zuojiang Zhuang: Longzhou (龙州); Daxin (大新))


ndei

ndei (Sawndip form same as adjective, 1957–1982 spelling ƌei)

From Proto-Tai *ɗɤjᴬ (“good”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Bouyei ndil.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ดี (dii), Northern Thai ᨯᩦ (di), Lao ດີ (dī), Lü ᦡᦲ (ḋii), Shan လီ (lǐi), Ahom 𑜓𑜣 (dī), 𑜃𑜣 (nī) or 𑜑𑜣 (hī).


ngoenz

ngoenz (Sawndip forms 𭥓 or 昋 or 昙 or 艮 or 𭦂 or 𨑨 or 晏 or 㫨 or 𭥔, 1957–1982 spelling ŋɵnƨ)

𭥓 (Sawndip)
昋 (Sawndip)
昙 (Sawndip)
艮 (Sawndip)
𭦂 (Sawndip)
𨑨 (Sawndip)
晏 (Sawndip)
㫨 (Sawndip)
𭥔 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ŋwanᴬ (“daytime”). Cognate with Thai วัน (wan), Northern Thai ᩅᩢ᩠ᨶ, Lao ວັນ (wan), Lü ᦞᧃ (van), Shan ဝၼ်း (wán), Tai Nüa ᥝᥢᥰ (wän), Ahom 𑜈𑜃𑜫 (ban), Bouyei nguanz.


cauj

cauj (Sawndip form 𰱰, 1957–1982 spelling cauз)


haex

haex (Sawndip forms 𡱍 or 𭧺 or ⿰未許 or 𣴃 or ⿰米意 or ⿰米亥 or ⿰屎易 or 𡱏, 1957–1982 spelling həiч)

𡱍 (Sawndip)
𭧺 (Sawndip)
⿰未許 (Sawndip)
𣴃 (Sawndip)
⿰米意 (Sawndip)
⿰米亥 (Sawndip)
⿰屎易 (Sawndip)
𡱏 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.qɯjꟲ (“excrement”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Saek ไกฺ.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ขี้ (kîi), Northern Thai ᨡᩦ᩶, Lao ຂີ້ (khī), Lü ᦃᦲᧉ (ẋii²), Shan ၶီႈ (khīi), Ahom 𑜁𑜣 (khī).
Possibly cognate with Proto-Austronesian *Caqi (“excrement”).
Also possibly cognate with Chinese 屎 (shǐ, “excrement”); Modern Thai ขี้ (kîi) was considered cognate with Middle Chinese 屎 (MC śi) by Manomaivibool (1975) and Old Chinese 屎 (OC qhji') by Gong (2002).
Bauer (1996) pointed out that khV ("excrement") is quite widespread in Cantonese 𡲢 (ke¹, “poop”), Tai (e.g. Thai ขี้ (kîi)) and Tibeto-Burman (e.g. Zaiwa kʰji²¹, Burmese ချေး (hkye:, “shit”) and Lashi kʰjei⁵⁵) in focusing on modern lexical forms instead of proto forms. Paul Benedict criticized that the lexical forms Bauer had pulled together as the "same" word were really just "looklike". Bauer rebutted that it is highly unlikely that the phenomenon of simple coincidence explains the occurrence of so many phonosemantically similar (and identical) forms in so many different languages.
Compare Sui ggeex, Proto-Kra *kaiꟲ and Proto-Hlai *ɦaːjʔ (whence haːj³ in most modern dialects).

cog

Lü ᦃᦲᧉ (ẋii²)


lwgfwngz

/lɯk˧ fɯŋ˧˩/

From lwg- (“small object”) + fwngz (“hand”). Cognate with Bouyei legfengz.


nengz

From Proto-Tai *m.leːŋᴬ (“insect”). Cognate with Thai แมลง (má-lɛɛng), Tai Nüa ᥛᥦᥒᥰ (mäeng).


cwngcwz

/ɕɯŋ˨˦ ɕɯ˧˩/


mohdozceh

head

mohdozceh (1957–1982 spelling moƅdoƨceƅ)

zh-l

摩托車／摩托车 (mótuōchē)


lwgmanh

From lwg- (“small object; fruit”) + manh (“hot; spicy”).


yinzminz

head

yinzminz (Sawndip form 人民, 1957–1982 spelling yinƨminƨ)

Cunghvaz Yinzminz Gunghozgoz

Yinƨminƨguŋƅseƽ dɯg yinƨminƨ diƅ sɯŋƅcanз cəuƽ sɯŋƅhoƨ diƅ yieŋƅ cuзciƨ ƌeu, […]

1958 December 30, “GVANƄYIƧ YIƧMINƧGUŊƄSEƼ YOƧGANƄ VƜNƼDIƧ DIƄ GEƧYIƼ”, in Bauƽ Səɯcueŋƅ:


fwen

fwen (classifier hot, Sawndip forms 欢 or 歡 or 𡂷 or 𭇲 or 𰴸 or 歌 or 𭇳 or 寬 or 吩 or 𠯘, 1957–1982 spelling fɯen)

hot (classifier)
欢 (Sawndip)
歡 (Sawndip)
𡂷 (Sawndip)
𭇲 (Sawndip)
𰴸 (Sawndip)
歌 (Sawndip)
𭇳 (Sawndip)
寬 (Sawndip)
吩 (Sawndip)
𠯘 (Sawndip)

eu fwen


haemh

From Proto-Tai *ɣamᴮ (“night”). Cognate with Thai ค่ำ (kâm), Northern Thai ᨤᩴ᩵ᩣ, Lao ຄ່ຳ (kham), Lü ᦆᧄᧈ (xam¹), Shan ၶမ်ႈ (khām), Ahom 𑜁𑜪 (khaṃ), Saek กฺั้ม.


doengj

doengj (Sawndip forms 𰛼 or 硧, 1957–1982 spelling dɵŋз)


lajmbwn

From laj (“below; under”) + mbwn (“sky; heaven”). Compare Chinese 天下 (tiānxià).


liengzsim

/liːŋ˧˩ θim˨˦/


hojceh

zh-l

火車／火车 (huǒchē)


cifeiz

From ci (“vehicle”) + feiz (“fire”), calque from Chinese 火車／火车 (huǒchē).

火車／火车 (huǒchē)


gangj

head

gangj (Sawndip forms 鯁 or 骾 or ⿰骨肯 or ⿰骨康, 1957–1982 spelling gaŋз)

鯁 (Sawndip)
骾 (Sawndip)
⿰骨肯 (Sawndip)
⿰骨康 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *kaːŋꟲ (“fishbone”), from Middle Chinese 鯁 (MC kaengX, “fishbone”).
Cognate with Thai ก้าง (gâang), Lao ກ້າງ (kāng), Tai Nüa ᥐᥣᥒᥲ (kàang), Northern Thai ᨠ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦ, Shan ၵၢင်ႈ (kāang), Tày cảng.


lueg

lueg (Sawndip forms 淥 or 𭂕 or 洛 or 𭁖 or ⿱山⿰冫彔 or 𡸮, 1957–1982 spelling lueg)

淥 (Sawndip)
𭂕 (Sawndip)
洛 (Sawndip)
𭁖 (Sawndip)
⿱山⿰冫彔 (Sawndip)
𡸮 (Sawndip)

Possibly related to luengq (“gully; gap”), luengx (“ditch between ridges”).


conghndaeng

conghndaeng (1957–1982 spelling coŋƅƌəŋ)

/ɕoːŋ˧ ɗaŋ˨˦/


baih

baih (Sawndip forms 𡍹 or 𰹅 or ⿰忄敗 or 拜 or 敗 or 𲅩 or 𡏯 or ⿱敗土 or 排, 1957–1982 spelling baiƅ)

𡍹 (Sawndip)
𰹅 (Sawndip)
⿰忄敗 (Sawndip)
拜 (Sawndip)
敗 (Sawndip)
𲅩 (Sawndip)
𡏯 (Sawndip)
⿱敗土 (Sawndip)
排 (Sawndip)

bae coh baihdoeng


gojsiz

zh-l

果實／果实 (guǒshí)


mbonq

head

mbonq (Sawndip forms 柈 or 𠰢 or 㮽 or ⿸广㒼 or 𧜞 or 椚 or 呠, 1957–1982 spelling ƃonƽ)

柈 (Sawndip)
𠰢 (Sawndip)
㮽 (Sawndip)
⿸广㒼 (Sawndip)
𧜞 (Sawndip)
椚 (Sawndip)
呠 (Sawndip)

𭒹王㖒𮤯呠

2015, David Holm, Meng Yuanyao, transl., Hanvueng: The Goose King and the Ancestral King, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN:


lijbai

zh-l

禮拜／礼拜 (lǐbài)


ndwen

head

ndwen (Sawndip forms ⿰月天 or 𬚻 or 𦙖 or ⿰月电 or 脌, 1957–1982 spelling ƌɯen)

⿰月天 (Sawndip)
𬚻 (Sawndip)
𦙖 (Sawndip)
⿰月电 (Sawndip)
脌 (Sawndip)
mbwen (alternative)

From Proto-Tai *ɓlɯənᴬ (“moon; month”).
Cognate with Thai เดือน (dʉʉan), Northern Thai ᨯᩮᩬᩥᩁ, Lao ເດືອນ (dư̄an), Lü ᦵᦡᦲᧃ (ḋoen), Shan လိူၼ် (lǒen), Ahom 𑜓𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (dün) or 𑜃𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (nün), Saek เบรี๋ยน.

cog

Lü ᦵᦡᦲᧃ (ḋoen)

Saek เบรี๋ยน


ndwen

head

ndwen (Sawndip forms ⿰月蚕 or 蚓 or ⿱⿰月天虫 or ⿰虫无 or ⿱无虫 or 𧌀 or ⿲虫月天 or 𧉂 or 𧐖, 1957–1982 spelling ƌɯen)

⿰月蚕 (Sawndip)
蚓 (Sawndip)
⿱⿰月天虫 (Sawndip)
⿰虫无 (Sawndip)
⿱无虫 (Sawndip)
𧌀 (Sawndip)
⿲虫月天 (Sawndip)
𧉂 (Sawndip)
𧐖 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *t.nɯəlᴬ (“earthworm”).
Cognate with Thai เดือน (dʉʉan) in ไส้เดือน (sâi-dʉʉan), Lao ເດືອນ (dư̄an) in ໃສ້ເດືອນ (sai dư̄an) or ກະເດືອນ (ka dư̄an), Shan လိူၼ် (lǒen) in တိူၵ်ႇလိူၼ် (tòek lǒen).


duzciengh

/tu˧˩ ɕiːŋ˧/


diengzhaex

diengzhaex (Sawndip form 葶𡱍, 1957–1982 spelling dieŋƨhəiч)

From diengz (“hut; shack”) + haex (“faeces; stool”).


majlingzsuz

head

majlingzsuz (1957–1982 spelling maзliŋƨsuƨ)

/ma˥ liŋ˧˩ θu˧˩/

zh-l

馬鈴薯／马铃薯 (mǎlíngshǔ)


ndoengfaex

/ɗoŋ˨˦ fai˦˨/

From ndoeng (“forest”) + faex (“tree”). Compare Chinese 樹林／树林 (shùlín).

樹林／树林 (shùlín)


dangz

head

dangz (Sawndip forms 𰴇 or 唐, 1957–1982 spelling daŋƨ)


dangz

chamber (hollow space in an apparatus, such as a gun or a stove)


manaez

manaez (Sawndip form 𬌫狔, 1957–1982 spelling manəiƨ)

From ma (“dog”) + a morpheme derived from Proto-Tai *nwajᴬ (“jackal”).


vahmbanj

From vah (“language; dialect”) + mbanj (“village”).

compound

local dialect; vernacular (usually referring to Zhuang)


mbanj

head

mbanj (Sawndip forms 板 or 坂 or 扳 or 挽 or 晚, 1957–1982 spelling ƃanз)

板 (Sawndip)
坂 (Sawndip)
扳 (Sawndip)
挽 (Sawndip)
晚 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɓaːnꟲ (“village”).
Cognate with Thai บ้าน (bâan), Northern Thai ᨷ᩶ᩤ᩠ᨶ, Lao ບ້ານ (bān), Lü ᦢᦱᧃᧉ (ḃaan²), Shan မၢၼ်ႈ (māan) or ဝၢၼ်ႈ (wāan), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥢᥲ (màan), Tày bản, Ahom 𑜈𑜃𑜫 (ban) or 𑜉𑜃𑜫 (man).

cog

Lü ᦢᦱᧃᧉ (ḃaan²)


hawsingz guenjleix

head

hawsingz guenjleix (1957–1982 spelling həɯsiŋƨ guenзleiч)

/haɯ˨˦ θiŋ˧˩ kuːn˥ lei˦˨/

From hawsingz (“city”) + guenjleix (“management”), calque from Mandarin 城市管理.


duix

head

duix (Sawndip forms 𬒋 or 𥑇, 1957–1982 spelling duiч)

Borrowed from Chinese 斗 (MC tuwX, “cup-like object”). Cognate with Thai ถ้วย (tûai), Lao ຖ້ວຍ (thuāi), Bouyei doix, Lakkia ti².


makmaenj

From mak (“fruit”) + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *manꟲ (“plum”). Cognate with Lao ໝາກໝັ້ນ (māk man).


laep

Cognate with Shan လပ်း (láp), Saek ลั๊บ.


gieng

gieng (Sawndip forms 𫈯 or ⿰羊𦍑, 1957–1982 spelling gieŋ)


hawsingz

/haɯ˨˦ θiŋ˧˩/

From haw (“market”) + singz (“city”). Compare Chinese 城市 (chéngshì).


guenjleix

guenjleix (1957–1982 spelling guenзleiч)


ndok

ndok (classifier aen, Sawndip forms 𮪳 or 𮪰 or 𬴒 or 𱅳 or ⿰骨六 or ⿰骨乐 or 骼, 1957–1982 spelling ƌok)

aen (classifier)
𮪳 (Sawndip)
𮪰 (Sawndip)
𬴒 (Sawndip)
𱅳 (Sawndip)
⿰骨六 (Sawndip)
⿰骨乐 (Sawndip)
骼 (Sawndip)
nduk (alternative)


ndok

ndok (Sawndip form ⿰若朵, 1957–1982 spelling ƌok)

From Proto-Tai *ɓloːkᴰ. Cognate with Thai ดอก (dɔ̀ɔk), Lü ᦡᦸᧅᧈ (ḋoak¹), Lao ດອກ (dǭk), Shan မွၵ်ႇ (màuk) or ဝွၵ်ႇ (wàuk), Nong Zhuang ndog.

cog

Lü ᦡᦸᧅᧈ (ḋoak¹)


lwgdin

From lwg- (“small object”) + din (“foot”). Cognate with Bouyei legdinl.


gohyoz

zh-l

科學／科学 (kēxué)


noucoengz

/nou˨˦ ɕoŋ˧˩/

From nou (“mouse”) + a morpheme from Chinese 松 (sōng), a partial calque from Chinese 松鼠 (sōngshǔ).


daehbuh

From daeh (“bag; pouch”) + buh (“clothes”).


lwgfwngzyinx

head

lwgfwngzyinx (1957–1982 spelling lɯgfɯŋƨyinч)

/lɯk˧ fɯŋ˧˩ jin˦˨/

From lwgfwngz (“finger”) + yinx (“to guide”).


fwngzyinx

/fɯŋ˧˩ jin˦˨/

From fwngz (“hand”) + yinx (“to guide”).


lwgfwngzgyang

lwgfwngzgyang (1957–1982 spelling lɯgfɯŋƨgyaŋ)

/lɯk˧ fɯŋ˧˩ kʲaːŋ˨˦/

From lwgfwngz (“finger”) + gyang (“middle”).


doenghyiengh

doenghyiengh (1957–1982 spelling dɵŋƅyieŋƅ)

From doengh (“a few; some”) + yiengh (“kind; sort”).


meiq

head

meiq (Sawndip forms 𮠢 or 𮠩 or 𮠻 or 昧 or 䊈 or 𠸍 or 𥻡 or 酶, 1957–1982 spelling meiƽ)

𮠢 (Sawndip)
𮠩 (Sawndip)
𮠻 (Sawndip)
昧 (Sawndip)
䊈 (Sawndip)
𠸍 (Sawndip)
𥻡 (Sawndip)
酶 (Sawndip)


ciengqyouz

ciengqyouz (1957–1982 spelling cieŋƽyouƨ)

/ɕiːŋ˧˥ jou˧˩/


roeggyaeujmeuz

roeggyaeujmeuz (1957–1982 spelling rɵggyəuзmeuƨ)

From roeg (“bird”) + gyaeuj (“head”) + meuz (“cat”), literally “cat-headed bird”. Compare Mandarin 貓頭鷹／猫头鹰 (māotóuyīng, “owl”, literally “cat-headed eagle”).


rumzhwx

head

rumzhwx (classifier ciengz, 1957–1982 spelling rumƨhɯч)

/ɣum˧˩ hɯ˦˨/


daemz

daemz (Sawndip forms 墰 or 沌 or 潭 or 𫂺 or 𰿭 or 榃 or 溏 or 坛, 1957–1982 spelling dəmƨ)

墰 (Sawndip)
沌 (Sawndip)
潭 (Sawndip)
𫂺 (Sawndip)
𰿭 (Sawndip)
榃 (Sawndip)
溏 (Sawndip)
坛 (Sawndip)


gingqda

gingqda (classifier fouq, 1957–1982 spelling giŋƽda)

From gingq (“glass; mirror”) + da (“eye”). Compare Chinese 眼鏡／眼镜 (yǎnjìng), Thai แว่นตา (wɛ̂n-dtaa), English eyeglasses.

zh-l

眼鏡／眼镜 (yǎnjìng)


gawq

head

gawq (Sawndip forms 鉅 or 居 or 句, 1957–1982 spelling gəɯƽ)


maxloeg

From max (“horse”) + a morpheme from Chinese 鹿 (MC luwk, “deer”).


gaeng

gaeng (Sawndip forms 㹴 or ⿰犭肯 or 㹹 or 耕, 1957–1982 spelling gəŋ)

㹴 (Sawndip)
⿰犭肯 (Sawndip)
㹹 (Sawndip)
耕 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *kaŋᴬ (“ape”).
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai กัง (gang, “Macaca nemestrina”), Lao ກັງ (kang), Northern Thai ᨠᩢ᩠ᨦ, Khün ᨠᩢ᩠ᨦ.


duzmbangq

/tu˧˩ ɓaːŋ˧˥/

From duz- + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *baːŋᴮ (“flying squirrel”).


cenh

cenh (Sawndip forms 𰠾 or 𫞣 or ⿰犭前 or 箭 or 𤠶 or 㹽 or 錢, 1957–1982 spelling cenƅ)

𰠾 (Sawndip)
𫞣 (Sawndip)
⿰犭前 (Sawndip)
箭 (Sawndip)
𤠶 (Sawndip)
㹽 (Sawndip)
錢 (Sawndip)

Probably from Chinese 箭 (MC tsjenH, “arrow”), as in 箭豬／箭猪 (jiànzhū, “porcupine”).


nyaen

nyaen (Sawndip forms 𭸑 or 𤠶 or 𤝱 or 𰡒 or ⿰犭印 or ⿰犭⿱里⿰里里 or ⿰犭永 or 𬍅, 1957–1982 spelling nyən)

𭸑 (Sawndip)
𤠶 (Sawndip)
𤝱 (Sawndip)
𰡒 (Sawndip)
⿰犭印 (Sawndip)
⿰犭⿱里⿰里里 (Sawndip)
⿰犭永 (Sawndip)
𬍅 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰɲelᴬ (“civet cat”).
In Central Tai, cognate with Tày hên.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai เห็น (hěn), Isan เหง็น, Lao ເຫງັນ (ngen) or ເຫັນ (hen), Lü ᦠᦲᧃ (ḣiin), Tai Dam ꪹꪐꪸꪙ, Shan ႁဵၼ် (hǎen), Tai Nüa ᥞᥥᥢᥴ (hén), Ahom 𑜑𑜢𑜃𑜫 (hin).


gaeqhangh

From gaeq (“chicken”) + hangh (“(of a chicken hen) not having yet laid eggs”). Compare Cantonese 雞項 /鸡项 (gai¹ hong⁶⁻²).


roegenq

/ɣok˧ ʔeːn˧˥/

From roeg (“bird”) + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *ʔeːnᴮ (“swallow”). The second component is cognate with Thai แอ่น (ɛ̀n), Lao ແອ່ນ (ʼǣn), Shan ဢႅၼ်ႇ (ʼèn); also compare Middle Chinese 燕 (MC 'enH, “swallow”).

cog

Lao ແອ່ນ (ʼǣn)

Shan ဢႅၼ်ႇ (ʼèn)


dungzci

/tuŋ˧˩ ɕi˧˥/


vamaedlaeh

head

vamaedlaeh (1957–1982 spelling vamədləiƅ)

va + maetlaeh. Compare Chinese 茉莉花 (mòlìhuā).

zh-l

茉莉花 (mòlìhuā)


banhfap

means; solution; way (of doing something)


daegsaek

seveicujyi miz Cungguek daegsaek


makbug

From mak (“fruit”) + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *buːkᴰ (“pomelo”).


gunghozgoz

head

gunghozgoz (1957–1982 spelling guŋhoƨgoƨ)

zh-l

共和國／共和国 (gònghéguó)


yinzminzbi

head

yinzminzbi (1957–1982 spelling yinƨminƨbi)

zh-l

人民幣／人民币 (rénmínbì)

renminbi (currency of the People's Republic of China)


daihhag

大學／大学 (dàxué)


siujyoz

小學／小学 (xiǎoxué)


cunghyoz

Liujcouh Gauhgiz Cunghyoz

Gveilinz Si Daihcibbet Cunghyoz

secondary school (including both junior high school and senior high school)


yozyau

學校／学校 (xuéxiào)


cibuh

head

cibuh (classifier aen, 1957–1982 spelling cibuƅ)

From ci (“vehicle”) + buh (“clothing”). Compare Cantonese 衣車／衣车 (ji1 ce1), from 衣 (ji1, “clothing”) + 車／车 (ce1, “vehicle”).


ndaij

ndaij (Sawndip forms 艿 or 萊, 1957–1982 spelling ƌaiз)


mbinj

mbinj (Sawndip forms 苠 or 𮏊 or 𬝯, 1957–1982 spelling ƃinз)


fangz

fangz (Sawndip forms 𩲠 or 防 or 放 or 𩲌 or 凢 or 𮫠 or 仿 or 𠉱 or 𫩓 or 𭠈 or 侁 or 法, 1957–1982 spelling faŋƨ)

𩲠 (Sawndip)
防 (Sawndip)
放 (Sawndip)
𩲌 (Sawndip)
凢 (Sawndip)
𮫠 (Sawndip)
仿 (Sawndip)
𠉱 (Sawndip)
𫩓 (Sawndip)
𭠈 (Sawndip)
侁 (Sawndip)
法 (Sawndip)


nyaengq

nyaengq (Sawndip forms 𮓆 or 芿, 1957–1982 spelling nyəŋƽ)


ngoenzhong

/ŋon˧˩ hoːŋ˨˦/


ngoenzgoeng

ngoenzgoeng (1957–1982 spelling ŋɵnƨgɵŋ)

/ŋon˧˩ koŋ˨˦/


goeng

goeng (Sawndip form 公, 1957–1982 spelling gɵŋ)

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather


gaemxgienz

gaemxgienz (1957–1982 spelling gəmчgienƨ)


bujdunghva

bujdunghva (1957–1982 spelling buзduŋƅva)

zh-l

普通話／普通话 (pǔtōnghuà)


Sawgun

head

Sawgun (Sawndip form 𭨡倱, 1957–1982 spelling Səɯgun)

/θaɯ˨˦ kun˨˦/

From saw (“writing; character”) + Gun (“Han people”).


nuengx

head

nuengx (Sawndip forms 𭈕 or 𭺲 or 往 or 姓 or 侬 or 农 or 儂, 1957–1982 spelling nueŋч)

𭈕 (Sawndip)
𭺲 (Sawndip)
往 (Sawndip)
姓 (Sawndip)
侬 (Sawndip)
农 (Sawndip)
儂 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *nwoːŋꟲ (“younger sibling”). Cognate with Thai น้อง (nɔ́ɔng), Northern Thai ᨶ᩶ᩬᨦ, Lao ນ້ອງ (nǭng), Lü ᦓᦸᧂᧉ (noang²), Tai Dam ꪙ꫁ꪮꪉ, Shan ၼွင်ႉ (nâ̰ung), Ahom 𑜃𑜨𑜂𑜫 (noṅ).


gyau

gyau (Sawndip forms 蛟 or 𰳛 or 交 or 淐, 1957–1982 spelling gyau)

蛟 (Sawndip)
𰳛 (Sawndip)
交 (Sawndip)
淐 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *krwaːwᴬ (“spider”). Cognate with Tày xao.


loq

loq (Sawndip forms 露 or 𠸪 or 啰 or 眵, 1957–1982 spelling loƽ)

露 (Sawndip)
𠸪 (Sawndip)
啰 (Sawndip)
眵 (Sawndip)

ninz loq

gangj loq


loxlez

loxlez (Sawndip form 啰咧, 1957–1982 spelling loчleƨ)


singqmingz

singqmingz (1957–1982 spelling siŋƽmiŋƨ)

/θiŋ˧˥ miŋ˧˩/


diegyouq

From dieg (“land; place”) + youq (“to live; to reside”).


gihgvanh

zh-l

機關／机关 (jīguān)

government organization; institution; institute; organ; agency; body


guk

head

guk (Sawndip forms 𮓧 or 𧋉 or 䗂 or 𰲥 or 谷 or 𤞞 or ⿺虎骨 or ⿰犭哭 or 狢 or ⿱曲几, 1957–1982 spelling guk)

𮓧 (Sawndip)
𧋉 (Sawndip)
䗂 (Sawndip)
𰲥 (Sawndip)
谷 (Sawndip)
𤞞 (Sawndip)
⿺虎骨 (Sawndip)
⿰犭哭 (Sawndip)
狢 (Sawndip)
⿱曲几 (Sawndip)


dahmbwn

From dah (“river”) + mbwn (“sky”). Compare Chinese 天河 (tiānhé), from 天 (tiān, “sky”) + 河 (hé, “river”).


biuj

biuj (classifier gaiq, 1957–1982 spelling biuз)


biuj

biuj (Sawndip form 俵, 1957–1982 spelling biuз)

cousin (child of mother's sibling or father's sister)


biuj

biuj (classifier aen, 1957–1982 spelling biuз)


byaeklinzgaeq

byaeklinzgaeq (1957–1982 spelling byəklinƨgəiƽ)


golinzgaeq

golinzgaeq (1957–1982 spelling golinƨgəiƽ)

dandelion (a plant in the genus Taraxacum)


nungzminz

zh-l

農民／农民 (nóngmín)


vunzguhnaz

head

vunzguhnaz (1957–1982 spelling vunƨguƅnaƨ)

From vunz (“person”) + guh (“to do; to work; to farm”) + naz (“paddy field”).


bouxguhnaz

head

bouxguhnaz (1957–1982 spelling bouчguƅnaƨ)

From boux- (“person of a particular profession”) + guh (“to do; to work; to farm”) + naz (“paddy field”).


loqsiengj

head

loqsiengj (classifier aen, 1957–1982 spelling loƽsieŋз)

/lo˧˥ θiːŋ˥/

From loq (“dream”) + siengj (“to think”). Compare Chinese 夢想／梦想 (mèngxiǎng), from 夢／梦 (mèng, “dream”) + 想 (xiǎng, “to think”).

aen loqsiengj Cungguek


cwngciyoz

/ɕɯŋ˧˥ ɕi˧˥ jo˧˩/

zh-l

政治學／政治学 (zhèngzhìxué)


cwngci

/ɕɯŋ˧˥ ɕi˧˥/


lizsij

歷史／历史 (lìshǐ)


swyouzcujyi

head

swyouzcujyi (1957–1982 spelling sɯyouƨcuзyi)

/θɯ˧˥ jou˧˩ ɕu˥ ji˧˥/

zh-l

自由主義／自由主义 (zìyóuzhǔyì)


sevei

/θe˧˥ βei˧˥/

社會／社会 (shèhuì)


lwgfwngzcaemj

head

lwgfwngzcaemj (1957–1982 spelling lɯgfɯŋƨcəmз)

/lɯk˧ fɯŋ˧˩ ɕam˥/

From lwgfwngz (“finger”) + caemj (“to dip”).


lwgfwngzcod

lwgfwngzcod (1957–1982 spelling lɯgfɯŋƨcod)

/lɯk˧ fɯŋ˧˩ ɕoːt˧/


yangzcoeng

/jaːŋ˧˩ ɕoŋ˨˦/


daengloengz

daengloengz (1957–1982 spelling dəŋlɵŋƨ)

/taŋ˨˦ loŋ˧˩/


maenzgat

yam bean; jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus, plant or root)


yaem

yaem (Sawndip form 音, 1957–1982 spelling yəm)


vangzgoz

vangzgoz (Sawndip form 王國, 1957–1982 spelling vaŋƨgoƨ)

/βaːŋ˧˩ ko˧˩/

zh-l

王國／王国 (wángguó)


lenzbangh

head

lenzbangh (Sawndip forms 聯邦 or 联邦, 1957–1982 spelling lenƨbaŋƅ)


veijyenzvei

veijyenzvei (1957–1982 spelling veiзyenƨvei)

zh-l

委員會／委员会 (wěiyuánhuì)


daxmeh

head

daxmeh (Sawndip form 㐲𭑫, 1957–1982 spelling daчmeƅ)


bet nyied cibngux

bet nyied cibngux (1957–1982 spelling bet nyied cibŋuч)

/peːt˧˥ ɲiːt˧ ɕip˧ ŋu˦˨/

From Middle Chinese 八月十五 (MC peat ngjwot dzyip nguX).


ngux nyied co'ngux

ngux nyied co'ngux (1957–1982 spelling ŋuч nyied co'ŋuч)

/ŋu˦˨ ɲiːt˧ ɕo˨˦ ŋu˦˨/

From Chinese 五月初五 (MC nguX ngjwot tsrhjo nguX).

Dragon Boat Festival
Dragon Boat Festival


cunhyenz

zh-l

尊嚴／尊严 (zūnyán)


cihsaw

From cih (“classifier for characters”) + saw (“writing; character”).


Sawcuengh

head

Sawcuengh (Sawndip form 𭨡僮, 1957–1982 spelling Səɯcueŋƅ)

/θaɯ˨˦ ɕuːŋ˧/

From saw (“writing; script”) + Cuengh (“Zhuang”).


giceh

zh-l

汽車／汽车 (qìchē)


congh

head

congh (Sawndip forms 𰇍 or 𱦝 or 𫩘 or 冲 or 串 or ⿱穴口 or ⿱宀双, 1957–1982 spelling coŋƅ)

𰇍 (Sawndip)
𱦝 (Sawndip)
𫩘 (Sawndip)
冲 (Sawndip)
串 (Sawndip)
⿱穴口 (Sawndip)
⿱宀双 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɟoːŋᴮ (“crack, hole”). Cognate with Thai ช่อง (chɔ̂ng), Isan ซ่อง, Lao ຊ່ອງ (sǭng), Lü ᦋᦸᧂᧈ (tsoang¹).


ndaeng

ndaeng (Sawndip forms 𱌔 or ⿰鼻能 or 𮮸 or ⿰鼻曾 or ⿰鼻宁 or ⿰鼻丁 or ⿰鼻定 or ⿰鼻侖 or 登, 1957–1982 spelling ƌəŋ)

𱌔 (Sawndip)
⿰鼻能 (Sawndip)
𮮸 (Sawndip)
⿰鼻曾 (Sawndip)
⿰鼻宁 (Sawndip)
⿰鼻丁 (Sawndip)
⿰鼻定 (Sawndip)
⿰鼻侖 (Sawndip)
登 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɗaŋᴬ (“nose”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Bouyei ndangl.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ดัง (dang) or ดั้ง (dâng), Northern Thai ᨯᩢ᩠ᨦ, Lao ດັງ (dang), Lü ᦡᧂ (ḋang), Shan လင်/ၼင် (lǎng/nǎng) as in ၶူႈလင်/ၶူႈၼင် (khūu lǎng/khūu nǎng), Tai Nüa ᥘᥒ (lang), Aiton ဒင် (daṅ) or ꩫင် (naṅ), Ahom 𑜓𑜂𑜫 (daṅ) or 𑜃𑜂𑜫 (naṅ).
Possibly cognate with Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ijuŋ (“nose”).


yijyenz

yijyenz (Sawndip forms 語言 or 语言, 1957–1982 spelling yiзyenƨ)

zh-l

語言／语言 (yǔyán)


baengzyoux

head

baengzyoux (Sawndip form 朋友, 1957–1982 spelling bəŋƨyouч)


cwngfuj

cwngfuj (Sawndip form 政府, 1957–1982 spelling cɯŋfuз)


hucau

hucau (Sawndip forms 護照 or 护照, 1957–1982 spelling hucau)

/hu˨˦ ɕaːu˨˦/

zh-l

護照／护照 (hùzhào)


lauz

head

lauz (Sawndip forms 𦛨 or 𰮮 or ⿰劳油, 1957–1982 spelling lauƨ)

Possibly borrowed from Chinese 膋 (OC *reːw) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Bouyei laauz.


gyoijhom

From gyoij (“banana (general term)”) + hom (“fragrant”). Compare Mandarin 香蕉 (xiāngjiāo).


cieng

head

cieng (Sawndip forms 䐏 or 正 or 𦙫 or 𰙸 or 张, 1957–1982 spelling cieŋ)

䐏 (Sawndip)
正 (Sawndip)
𦙫 (Sawndip)
𰙸 (Sawndip)
张 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ciǝŋᴬ (“name of first month”).
Probably from Middle Chinese 正 (MC tsyeng, “first (month of the Chinese calendar)”).
Cognate with Bouyei xiangl.


duzdoengz

From duz- + doengz (“rainbow”). Cognate with Bouyei duezdoongz (“rainbow”).


saidoengz

/θaːi˨˦ toŋ˧˩/

From sai (“belt, band”) + doengz (“rainbow”).


gwnz

head

gwnz (Sawndip forms 𡗶 or 忐 or 𨑗 or 𭆦 or 𮌈 or ⿱艮上 or 𰀏 or 㫖 or ⿺更上 or ⿱⺊恳 or 丄 or 勤 or 群, 1957–1982 spelling gɯnƨ)

𡗶 (Sawndip)
忐 (Sawndip)
𨑗 (Sawndip)
𭆦 (Sawndip)
𮌈 (Sawndip)
⿱艮上 (Sawndip)
𰀏 (Sawndip)
㫖 (Sawndip)
⿺更上 (Sawndip)
⿱⺊恳 (Sawndip)
丄 (Sawndip)
勤 (Sawndip)
群 (Sawndip)
gwnj (alternative)


yihyen

zh-l

醫院／医院 (yīyuàn)


canghyw

/ɕaːŋ˧ jɯ˨˦/

From cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) + yw (“medicine”).


husw

zh-l

護士／护士 (hùshì)

nurse (person trained to provide care for the sick)


bouxganqbingh

head

bouxganqbingh (1957–1982 spelling bouчganƽbiŋƅ)

From boux- (“person of a particular profession”) + ganq (“to care for; to nurse”) + bingh (“disease; illness”).


daeuz

head

daeuz (Sawndip form 头, 1957–1982 spelling dəuƨ)

From Chinese 頭 (MC duw, “head; first; leader”). Doublet of duz.


mbaengq

mbaengq (Sawndip form 𬕔, 1957–1982 spelling ƃəŋƽ)

From Proto-Tai *baŋᴮ/ꟲ (“bamboo tube”).
Cognate with Thai บั้ง (bâng), Isan บั้ง, Lao ບັ້ງ (bang), Northern Thai ᨷᩢ᩠᩶ᨦ (baŋ³), Khün ᨷᩢ᩠᩶ᨦ (baŋ³), Lü ᦢᧂᧉ (ḃang²), Shan ဝင်ႈ (wāng), Tày bẳng.

cog

Khün ᨷᩢ᩠᩶ᨦ (baŋ³)

Lü ᦢᧂᧉ (ḃang²)


gyauvei

/kʲaːu˧˥ βei˧˥/

zh-l

教會／教会 (jiàohuì)


yahmaiq

From yah (“wife”) + maiq (“widow; widower”).


lwglan

From lwg (“child; son”) + lan (“grandchild; grandson”).


lanmbwk

head

lanmbwk (classifier boux, 1957–1982 spelling lanƃɯk)

/laːn˨˦ ɓɯk˥/

From lan (“grandchild”) + mbwk (“female”).


lansai

lansai (classifier boux, 1957–1982 spelling lansai)

/laːn˨˦ θaːi˨˦/

From lan (“grandchild”) + sai (“man; male”).


loengx

loengx (Sawndip forms 笼 or 櫳 or 梇, 1957–1982 spelling lɵŋч)


laeujbizciuj

laeujbizciuj (1957–1982 spelling ləuзbiƨciuз)

From laeuj (“alcohol”) + Mandarin 啤酒 (píjiǔ, “beer”).


maiq

maiq (Sawndip forms 嬻 or 𢠼 or 𪥿 or ⿰女⿱𡗗夕 or 嘪 or 㜥 or 邁 or 𭟐 or ⿰亻買, 1957–1982 spelling maiƽ)

嬻 (Sawndip)
𢠼 (Sawndip)
𪥿 (Sawndip)
⿰女⿱𡗗夕 (Sawndip)
嘪 (Sawndip)
㜥 (Sawndip)
邁 (Sawndip)
𭟐 (Sawndip)
⿰亻買 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːjꟲ (“widowed”). Northern Tai points to tone *B (the tone of maiq is B1), probably due to contamination from Proto-Tai *meːᴮ (“mother”) or post-Proto-Tai *jaːᴮ ("lady"), cf. Thai แม่ม่าย (mɛːᴮ².maːjᴮ², “widow”).
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ม่าย (mâai), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ໝ້າຍ (māi), Lü ᦖᦻᧉ (ṁaay²), Shan မၢႆႈ (māai), Ahom 𑜉𑜩 (may).

cog

mɛːᴮ².maːjᴮ²

Lü ᦖᦻᧉ (ṁaay²)


Vahgun

From vah (“language”) + Gun (“Han people”).


goengda

From goeng (“paternal grandfather; old man”) + da (“maternal grandfather”).


ceij

head

ceij (classifier mbaw, Sawndip form 帋, 1957–1982 spelling ceiз)


youx

youx (Sawndip forms 伖 or 酉 or 伷 or 友 or 𰣊 or 𡛀, 1957–1982 spelling youч)

伖 (Sawndip)
酉 (Sawndip)
伷 (Sawndip)
友 (Sawndip)
𰣊 (Sawndip)
𡛀 (Sawndip)

lover; sweetheart; boyfriend or girlfriend


daengq

daengq (Sawndip forms 𣛆 or 朾, 1957–1982 spelling dəŋƽ)

From Proto-Tai *taŋᴮ (“stool”), from Middle Chinese 凳 (MC tongH, “stool, chair”). Cognate with Thai ตั่ง (dtàng), Lao ຕັ່ງ (tang), Lü ᦎᧂᧈ (ṫang¹), Tai Dam ꪔꪰ꪿ꪉ, Shan တင်ႇ (tàng), Tai Nüa ᥖᥒᥱ (tǎng), Ahom 𑜄𑜂𑜫 (taṅ).

cog

Lü ᦎᧂᧈ (ṫang¹)


hoiq

head

hoiq (Sawndip forms 𬽻 or 灰 or 仡 or 悔 or ⿱奴会 or ⿱奴回, 1957–1982 spelling hoiƽ)

𬽻 (Sawndip)
灰 (Sawndip)
仡 (Sawndip)
悔 (Sawndip)
⿱奴会 (Sawndip)
⿱奴回 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *χɔːjᴮ (“slave”).
In Zuojiang Zhuang, cognate with hoiq (Chongzuo dialect), hoij (Ningming dialect), koij (Longzhou and Daxin dialects).
In Central Tai, cognate with Nong Zhuang koij (Yanshan dialect) or kuaij (Guangnan dialect).
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Isan ข้อย, Lao ຂ້ອຍ (khǭi), Lü ᦃᦾᧉ (ẋoay²).

cog

Lü ᦃᦾᧉ (ẋoay²)


yinzhangz

zh-l

銀行／银行 (yínháng)

Cunghgoz Yinzminz Yinzhangz


cuzbanjse

head

cuzbanjse (1957–1982 spelling cuƨbanзse)

/ɕu˧˩ paːn˥ θe˧˥/


yenfaz

From Mandarin 憲法／宪法 (xiànfǎ), from Japanese 憲法(けんぽう) (kenpō).

zh-l

憲法／宪法 (xiànfǎ)


sinhvwnz

/θin˧ βɯn˧˩/

From Mandarin 新聞／新闻 (xīnwén), from Japanese 新(しん)聞(ぶん) (shinbun), from Middle Chinese 新聞 (MC sin mjun).

新聞／新闻 (xīnwén)


daeuh fouh

head

daeuh fouh (1957–1982 spelling dəuƅ fouƅ)


daeuh

daeuh (Sawndip forms 𭴧 or 𰞈 or 炓 or ⿱偷火 or 𪹊, 1957–1982 spelling dəuƅ)

𭴧 (Sawndip)
𰞈 (Sawndip)
炓 (Sawndip)
⿱偷火 (Sawndip)
𪹊 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *dawᴮ (“ashes (wood)”). Cognate with Thai เถ้า (tâo), Lao ເທົ່າ (thao), Lü ᦑᧁᧈ (taw¹), Shan တဝ်ႈ (tāo), Ahom 𑜄𑜧 (taw) or 𑜄𑜨𑜧 (tow).


daeuh

daeuh (Sawndip forms 浢 or 豆, 1957–1982 spelling dəuƅ)


gingsingz

/kiŋ˨˦ θiŋ˧˩/


yihswngh

zh-l

醫生／医生 (yīshēng)


eiseng

/ʔei˨˦ θeːŋ˨˦/


duzsuhgvanj

head

duzsuhgvanj (1957–1982 spelling duƨsuƅgvanз)

zh-l

圖書館／图书馆 (túshūguǎn)


cangh

head

cangh (Sawndip form 𰁳, 1957–1982 spelling caŋƅ)

From Chinese 匠 (MC dzjangH). Cognate with Thai ช่าง (châang), Northern Thai ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ, Khün ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ, Lao ຊ່າງ (sāng), Lü ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹), Shan ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang), Phake ꩡင် (caṅ), Ahom 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ), Khmer ជាង (ciəng).


gungcanjcujyi

gungcanjcujyi (1957–1982 spelling guŋcanзcuзyi)

/kuŋ˧˥ ɕaːn˥ ɕu˥ ji˧˥/

From Mandarin 共產主義／共产主义 (gòngchǎn zhǔyì).

zh-l

共產主義／共产主义 (gòngchǎn zhǔyì)


gungcanjcujyicej

head

gungcanjcujyicej (1957–1982 spelling guŋcanзcuзyiceз)

/kuŋ˧˥ ɕaːn˥ ɕu˥ ji˧˥ ɕe˥/

From Mandarin 共產主義者／共产主义者 (gòngchǎn zhǔyìzhě).

zh-l

共產主義者／共产主义者 (gòngchǎn zhǔyìzhě)


roegdingfaex

head

roegdingfaex (1957–1982 spelling rɵgdiŋfəiч)

From roeg (“bird”) + ding (“to nail”) + faex (“tree; wood”).


dangqdaeuj

head

dangqdaeuj (1957–1982 spelling daŋƽdəuз)


gingjcaz

From Mandarin 警察 (jǐngchá), from Japanese 警(けい)察(さつ) (keisatsu).


lwgbag

lwgbag (Sawndip form 𭒹⿰云八, 1957–1982 spelling lɯgbag)

From lwg- + a morpheme from Chinese 雹 (MC baewk).


cauhsi

/ɕaːu˧ θi˧˥/


swcicouh

/θɯ˧˥ ɕi˧˥ ɕou˧/


mienh

front; obverse; outer or upper surface of an object


suj

suj (classifier aen, 1957–1982 spelling suз)


lwgbieng

lwgbieng (classifier aen, 1957–1982 spelling lɯgbieŋ)

/lɯk˧ piːŋ˨˦/

From lwg- + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *p.rweːŋᴬ (“cucumber”).


lwggva

From lwg- + gva (“gourd; melon; squash”). Cognate with Bouyei leggval (“pumpkin”).


gva

From Chinese 瓜 (MC kwae, “gourd; melon; squash”). Cognate with Bouyei gval (“gourd; pumpkin”).


gva

gva (Sawndip forms 鈲 or 瓜, 1957–1982 spelling gva)


makningzmungx

makningzmungx (1957–1982 spelling makniŋƨmuŋч)

/maːk˧˥ niŋ˧˩ muŋ˦˨/

From mak (“fruit”) + a morpheme from Chinese 檸檬／柠檬 (níngméng).


bouxsai

bouxsai (Sawndip form 俌𪟞, 1957–1982 spelling bouчsai)

From boux- (“a person of a particular type”) + sai (“male; man”).


gyaeqhenj

head

gyaeqhenj (1957–1982 spelling gyəiƽhenз)


gyaeqhak

gyaeqhak (Sawndip form 𮕊⿰革克, 1957–1982 spelling gyəiƽhak)


myonzlieng

myonzlieng (1957–1982 spelling myonƨlieŋ)

/mʲoːn˧˩ liːŋ˨˦/

From myonz (“filling”) + lieng (“yellow”).


ywraemx

/jɯ˨˦ ɣam˦˨/


rauq

rauq (Sawndip forms 耢 or 𰌲 or 𮋨 or 𮋫 or 𮋨 or 𫭼, 1957–1982 spelling rauƽ)

耢 (Sawndip)
𰌲 (Sawndip)
𮋨 (Sawndip)
𮋫 (Sawndip)
𫭼 (Sawndip)


mounoh

mounoh (classifier duz, 1957–1982 spelling mounoƅ)


mouraq

From mou (“pig”) + raq (“communicable disease”).


minzgoeng

worker, labourer, especially for a public project.


mboqraemxraeuj

head

mboqraemxraeuj (1957–1982 spelling ƃoƽrəmчrəuз)

/ɓo˧˥ ɣam˦˨ ɣau˥/

mboq (“spring”) + raemx (“water”) + raeuj (“hot; warm”)


raemxsaw

/ɣam˦˨ θaɯ˨˦/


swhyienz

/θɯ˧ jiːn˧˩/


roeglaej

head

roeglaej (Sawndip form 𮬭𮭒, 1957–1982 spelling rɵgləiз)

From roeg (“bird”) + laej (“sparrow”). Cognate with Bouyei roglaic.


roeggungjcoz

roeggungjcoz (1957–1982 spelling rɵgguŋзcoƨ)

/ɣok˧ kuŋ˥ ɕo˧˩/

From roeg (“bird”) + gungjcoz (“peacock”), the latter from Mandarin 孔雀 (kǒngquè).


roegam

/ɣok˧ ʔaːm˨˦/


roeggumj

roeggumj (Sawndip form 𮬭鳹, 1957–1982 spelling rɵggumз)


roegbeghag

roegbeghag (1957–1982 spelling rɵgbeghag)

From roeg (“bird”) + beghag (“crane”), from Chinese 白鶴 (MC baek hak).

Siberian crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus)


beghag

Grus leucogeranus
Grus leucogeranus#Translingual


roegbit

From roeg (“bird”) + bit (“duck”). Cognate with Bouyei rogbidt.


cabceiq

/ɕaːp˧ ɕei˧˥/


bauqceij

zh-l

報紙／报纸 (bàozhǐ)


ced

head

ced (Sawndip form 𡚦, 1957–1982 spelling ced)


muengx

muengx (Sawndip forms 𰫘 or ⿰魚网 or 𨸁 or 𦁺 or 𦁧 or 𭩌, 1957–1982 spelling mueŋч)

𰫘 (Sawndip)
⿰魚网 (Sawndip)
𨸁 (Sawndip)
𦁺 (Sawndip)
𦁧 (Sawndip)
𭩌 (Sawndip)


beuq

beuq (Sawndip forms 𰡜 or 𤡑 or ⿰犭報 or 狍 or 犳, 1957–1982 spelling beuƽ)

𰡜 (Sawndip)
𤡑 (Sawndip)
⿰犭報 (Sawndip)
狍 (Sawndip)
犳 (Sawndip)


lwgnyez

lwgnyez (classifier boux, duz, Sawndip form 𭒹𭓍, 1957–1982 spelling lɯgnyeƨ), duz|LWG8NE2]]

lwgnyez (canonical)
boux (classifier)
duz (classifier)
𭒹𭓍 (Sawndip)

child; kid (someone who has not yet reached adulthood)


dongh

dongh (Sawndip forms 𰘺 or 𰧙 or 嘡 or 埬 or 𥓝 or 柊, 1957–1982 spelling doŋƅ)

𰘺 (Sawndip)
𰧙 (Sawndip)
嘡 (Sawndip)
埬 (Sawndip)
𥓝 (Sawndip)
柊 (Sawndip)


roegraeu

roegraeu (Sawndip form 𮬭𱈲, 1957–1982 spelling rɵgrəu)

From roeg (“bird”) + raeu (“turtle dove”). Cognate with Bouyei rograul.


conghcueng

conghcueng (1957–1982 spelling coŋƅcueŋ)

/ɕoːŋ˧ ɕuːŋ˨˦/

From congh (“hole; opening”) + cueng (“window”).


cueng

head

cueng (Sawndip forms 𰩄 or ⿱宀双 or 𥦗, 1957–1982 spelling cueŋ)


makbingzgoj

makbingzgoj (1957–1982 spelling makbiŋƨgoз)

From mak (“fruit”) + Mandarin 蘋果／苹果 (píngguǒ, “apple”). Compare Lue ᦖᦱᧅᦘᦲᧃᧉᦷᦅ (ṁaakphiin²ko).


baicuzsoj

baicuzsoj (1957–1982 spelling baicuƨsoз)

/paːi˧˥ ɕu˧˩ θo˥/


gungh'anhgiz

gungh'anhgiz (1957–1982 spelling guŋƅanƅgiƨ)


yozvei

zh-l

學會／学会 (xuéhuì)


yijvwnz

語文／语文 (yǔwén)


hangz

head

hangz (Sawndip forms 𱌩 or 胻 or 項, 1957–1982 spelling haŋƨ)

From Proto-Tai *ɢaːŋᴬ (“chin; jaw”). Cognate with Bouyei haangz, Thai คาง (kaang), Northern Thai ᨣᩤ᩠ᨦ, Lao ຄາງ (khāng), Lü ᦅᦱᧂ (kaang), Tai Dam ꪁꪱꪉ, Shan ၵၢင်း (káang), Ahom 𑜀𑜂𑜫 (kaṅ), Tày càng. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kaaŋʔ (“chin; jaw”), Muong cáng.


doengh

doengh (Sawndip forms 垌 or 峝 or 𰉡 or 埬, 1957–1982 spelling dɵŋƅ)

垌 (Sawndip)
峝 (Sawndip)
𰉡 (Sawndip)
埬 (Sawndip)

→ Chinese: 垌 (dòng)

From Proto-Tai *doŋᴮ (“open field”). Cognate with Thai ทุ่ง (tûng), Lao ທົ່ງ (thong), Shan တူင်ႈ (tūung). Also Vietnamese đồng.


namh

namh (Sawndip forms 𡎜 or 南, 1957–1982 spelling namƅ)


dieg

dieg (Sawndip forms 𭏢 or 𫭩 or 𭤵 or 𭍽 or 墑, 1957–1982 spelling dieg)

𭏢 (Sawndip)
𫭩 (Sawndip)
𭤵 (Sawndip)
𭍽 (Sawndip)
墑 (Sawndip)


gamj

gamj (Sawndip forms 𭗐 or 𡶪 or 𧯃 or 𥕵 or 鉗 or 𥑠 or 𰎺 or 𫶔 or ⿱敢石 or 噉 or 敢, 1957–1982 spelling gamз)

𭗐 (Sawndip)
𡶪 (Sawndip)
𧯃 (Sawndip)
𥕵 (Sawndip)
鉗 (Sawndip)
𥑠 (Sawndip)
𰎺 (Sawndip)
𫶔 (Sawndip)
⿱敢石 (Sawndip)
噉 (Sawndip)
敢 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *cramꟲ (“cave”). Cognate with Thai ถ้ำ (tâm), Lao ຖ້ຳ (tham), Northern Thai ᨳ᩶ᩣᩴ, Lü ᦏᧄᧉ (ṫham²), Shan ထမ်ႈ (thām), Ahom 𑜌𑜪 (thaṃ).

cog

Lü ᦏᧄᧉ (ṫham²)


heiq

head

heiq (Sawndip forms 𫌾 or 𰇣, 1957–1982 spelling heiƽ)


heiq

heiq (Sawndip forms 𣱖 or 気 or 𰇜 or 忥 or 𱞚 or 𥸽 or 炁 or ⿺辶无 or 𣱛 or 㲴 or 愾 or ⿹气𢘻 or ⿹气系, 1957–1982 spelling heiƽ)

𣱖 (Sawndip)
気 (Sawndip)
𰇜 (Sawndip)
忥 (Sawndip)
𱞚 (Sawndip)
𥸽 (Sawndip)
炁 (Sawndip)
⿺辶无 (Sawndip)
𣱛 (Sawndip)
㲴 (Sawndip)
愾 (Sawndip)
⿹气𢘻 (Sawndip)
⿹气系 (Sawndip)


luengz

luengz (Sawndip form 𲇎, 1957–1982 spelling lueŋƨ)

Derived from Old Chinese 銅 (OC *[l]ˤoŋ, “copper”) (B-S). Doublet of doengz.


congz

congz (Sawndip forms 𭩞 or 床 or 𪲝 or 𮲭 or 桩 or ⿰木冲 or 𣐄, 1957–1982 spelling coŋƨ)

𭩞 (Sawndip)
床 (Sawndip)
𪲝 (Sawndip)
𮲭 (Sawndip)
桩 (Sawndip)
⿰木冲 (Sawndip)
𣐄 (Sawndip)


dungx

dungx (Sawndip forms 𦙭 or 胴 or ⿱肚冬 or ⿰月⿱土冬, 1957–1982 spelling duŋч)

𦙭 (Sawndip)
胴 (Sawndip)
⿱肚冬 (Sawndip)
⿰月⿱土冬 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *dwuːŋᶜ (“belly”). Cognate with Thai ท้อง (tɔ́ɔng), Lao ທ້ອງ (thǭng), Northern Thai ᨴ᩶ᩬᨦ, Lü ᦑᦸᧂᧉ (toang²), Shan တွင်ႉ (tâ̰ung), Nong Zhuang dongx.


ndang

ndang (Sawndip forms 𮜴 or 躺 or 躴 or 𠌇 or ⿰亻朗 or 朗 or 𨉰 or 朖 or 𬌩 or 𪱧 or ⿰当良 or ⿰月当, 1957–1982 spelling ƌaŋ)

𮜴 (Sawndip)
躺 (Sawndip)
躴 (Sawndip)
𠌇 (Sawndip)
⿰亻朗 (Sawndip)
朗 (Sawndip)
𨉰 (Sawndip)
朖 (Sawndip)
𬌩 (Sawndip)
𪱧 (Sawndip)
⿰当良 (Sawndip)
⿰月当 (Sawndip)


roegdoxgap

roegdoxgap (1957–1982 spelling rɵgdoчgap)

From roeg (“bird”) + [Term?] + morpheme from Chinese 鴿 (MC kop, “dove”).


faexcuk

From faex (“tree”) + a morpheme from Chinese 竹 (MC trjuwk).


baeu

baeu (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 𧉩 or 鮑 or 𩶉 or 𧉈 or 蚫, 1957–1982 spelling bəu)

duz (classifier)
𧉩 (Sawndip)
鮑 (Sawndip)
𩶉 (Sawndip)
𧉈 (Sawndip)
蚫 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *pɯwᴬ (“crab”). Cognate with Thai ปู (bpuu), Lao ປູ (pū), Tai Dam ꪜꪴ, Lü ᦔᦴ (ṗuu), Shan ပူ (pǔu), Ahom 𑜆𑜥 (pū), Bouyei baul.


baeu

baeu (Sawndip forms 𨁏 or 䟔 or 䟹, 1957–1982 spelling bəu)


doq

doq (Sawndip forms 𰡠 or 𤟛 or 土, 1957–1982 spelling doƽ)


doq

doq (Sawndip forms 𮔦 or 𮔛 or 蛥 or 𫊥 or 𰳜 or 𧊶, 1957–1982 spelling doƽ)

𮔦 (Sawndip)
𮔛 (Sawndip)
蛥 (Sawndip)
𫊥 (Sawndip)
𰳜 (Sawndip)
𧊶 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *toːᴮ (“bee”).
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ต่อ (dtɔ̀ɔ), Lao ຕໍ່ (tǭ), Lü ᦎᦸᧈ (ṫoa¹), Shan တေႃႇ (tàu).
Compare Mon ထောဝ်.

cog

Lü ᦎᦸᧈ (ṫoa¹)


gvi

head

gvi (Sawndip form ⿰魚龟, 1957–1982 spelling gvi)


roeggacak

roeggacak (Sawndip form 𮬭𱈡𪀣, 1957–1982 spelling rɵggacak)

/ɣok˧ ka˨˦ ɕaːk˧˥/

From roeg (“bird”) + ga (“crow; raven”) + morpheme from Chinese 鵲 (MC tshjak).


roeggae

From roeg (“bird”) + a morpheme from Chinese 雞 (MC kej).


biqrengh

/pi˧˥ ɣeːŋ˧/


dinz

From Proto-Tai *b.twiːlᴬ (“wasp”). Cognate with Thai แตน (dtɛɛn), Bouyei dinz.


nengznyaen

nengznyaen (1957–1982 spelling neŋƨnyən)

/neːŋ˧˩ ɲan˨˦/


faeqfwj

(dialectal, including Wuming) bat (animal)


raeu

From Proto-Tai *trawᴬ (“head louse”). Cognate with Thai เหา (hǎo), Northern Thai ᩉᩮᩢᩣ, Lao ເຫົາ (hao), Lü ᦠᧁ (ḣaw), Tai Dam ꪹꪬꪱ, Shan ႁဝ် (hǎo), Saek เหร่า.


roegfek

roegfek (Sawndip form 𮬭𪀢, 1957–1982 spelling rɵgfek)


byalae

Monopterus albus
Monopterus albus#Translingual


fw

fw (Sawndip forms 魩 or 鮄 or 𧒀 or 魮 or 𩶆 or 鮅 or 𱆬 or ⿱非魚 or ⿰魚云 or ⿰𧾷魚, 1957–1982 spelling fɯ)

魩 (Sawndip)
鮄 (Sawndip)
𧒀 (Sawndip)
魮 (Sawndip)
𩶆 (Sawndip)
鮅 (Sawndip)
𱆬 (Sawndip)
⿱非魚 (Sawndip)
⿰魚云 (Sawndip)
⿰𧾷魚 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰwɯəᴬ (“water tortoise”). Cognate with Shan ပႃၽႃ (pǎa phǎa), Nong Zhuang pa.


gaeqseng

/kai˧˥ θeːŋ˨˦/


gaeqmeh

From gaeq (“chicken”) + meh (“mother; female”).


byaleix

From bya (“fish”) + a morpheme from Chinese 鯉 (MC liX).


gyaep

head

gyaep (Sawndip form 魻, 1957–1982 spelling gyəp)

From Proto-Tai *klecꟲ (“fish scale”), from Old Chinese 介 (OC *kreːds, “shell; to wear armour”). Aberrant final /-p/ appears in some Central Tai and Northern Tai dialects.
Cognate with Thai เกล็ด (glèt), Northern Thai ᨠᩖᩮᩢᨯ, Lao ເກັດ (ket), Tai Nüa ᥐᥥᥖᥱ (kět), Lü ᦵᦂᧆ (k̇ed), Shan ၵဵတ်း (káet).


gyaep

gyaep (Sawndip forms 笈 or 𮅪 or ⿱𥫗却, 1957–1982 spelling gyəp)

From Proto-Tai *klɤpᴰ (“bamboo hat”).
Cognate with Northern Thai ᨠᩩ᩠ᨷ, Lao ກຸບ (kup), Khün ᨠ᩠ᨷᩩ, Lü ᦂᦳᧇ (k̇ub), Shan ၵုပ်း (kúp).
Compare Old Chinese 笠 (OC *ɡ·rɯb, “bamboo hat”).


gvej

gvej (Sawndip forms 𧊅 or 螝 or 蛌 or 蝰 or 䱉 or 蛆 or 𰳃 or 蝫 or ⿰虫基, 1957–1982 spelling gveз)

𧊅 (Sawndip)
螝 (Sawndip)
蛌 (Sawndip)
蝰 (Sawndip)
䱉 (Sawndip)
蛆 (Sawndip)
𰳃 (Sawndip)
蝫 (Sawndip)
⿰虫基 (Sawndip)


nyauh

nyauh (Sawndip forms ⿰虫夭 or 蛲 or ⿰虫尭 or 𰳤 or 𧍔 or 鱙, 1957–1982 spelling nyauƅ)

⿰虫夭 (Sawndip)
蛲 (Sawndip)
⿰虫尭 (Sawndip)
𰳤 (Sawndip)
𧍔 (Sawndip)
鱙 (Sawndip)


gungq

gungq (Sawndip forms 𧋄 or 䱋 or ⿱蝦共 or 𮓶, 1957–1982 spelling guŋƽ)

𧋄 (Sawndip)
䱋 (Sawndip)
⿱蝦共 (Sawndip)
𮓶 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *kuŋᴮ/ꟲ (“shrimp”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Saek กุง.
In Zuojiang Zhuang, cognate with gungj (Ningming, Longzhou and Daxin dialects), gungq as in gungqbangh (Chongzuo dialect).
In Central Tai, cognate with Nong Zhuang gungq.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai กุ้ง (gûng), Lao ກຸ້ງ (kung), Lü ᦂᦳᧂᧉ (k̇ung²), Tai Dam ꪀꪴ꫁ꪉ (kung3), Tai Dón ꪶꪀꪉꫂ (kung3), Shan ၵုင်ႈ (kūng), Tai Nüa ᥐᥨᥒᥲ (kòng), Phake ကုင် (kuṅ), Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜂𑜫 (kuṅ).

cog

Lü ᦂᦳᧂᧉ (k̇ung²)


saeq

head

saeq (Sawndip forms 𬿴 or 伺 or 司 or ⿰官司, 1957–1982 spelling səiƽ)

𬿴 (Sawndip)
伺 (Sawndip)
司 (Sawndip)
⿰官司 (Sawndip)


bienzngeiz

bienzngeiz (1957–1982 spelling bienƨŋeiƨ)

advantage; benefit (usually unfairly gained)


bya'ndoek

From bya (“fish”) + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *C̥.dokᴰ (“catfish”).


byagaq

Chinese perch; mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi)