go

head

go (Sawndip forms 𣘁 or 枯 or 柯 or 古 or ⿰哥个, 1957–1982 spelling go)

𣘁 (Sawndip)
枯 (Sawndip)
柯 (Sawndip)
古 (Sawndip)
⿰哥个 (Sawndip)


bi

bi (Sawndip forms 𭯌 or 𭽨 or 𭙂, 1957–1982 spelling bi)

From Proto-Tai *piːᴬ (“year”). Cognate with Thai ปี (bpii), Northern Thai ᨸᩦ, Lao ປີ (pī), Lü ᦔᦲ (ṗii), Shan ပီ (pǐi), Tai Nüa ᥙᥤ (pi), Phake ပီ (pī), Ahom 𑜆𑜣 (pī), Bouyei bil.


侅

Sawndip form of ae (“classifier used for adult men”)


安

Alternative form of 𬻹 (“Sawndip form of aen”)


ga

From Proto-Tai *p.qaːᴬ (“leg”). Cognate with Thai ขา (kǎa), Northern Thai ᨡᩣ, Lao ຂາ (khā), Lü ᦃᦱ (ẋaa), Shan ၶႃ (khǎa), Tai Nüa ᥑᥣᥴ (xáa), Ahom 𑜁𑜡 (khā), Bouyei gal.

quarter of (a butchered four-legged animal)

one of a pair of long, thin objects (shoes, socks, gloves, chopsticks, etc.)


da

From Proto-Tai *p.taːᴬ (“eye”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Bouyei dal.
In Zuojiang Zhuang, cognate with ha (Longzhou and Daxin dialects) or ta as in makta etc. (Ningming and Chongzuo dialects).
In Central Tai, cognate with Nong Zhuang ta.
In Southwesten Tai, cognate with Thai ตา (dtaa), Northern Thai ᨲᩣ, Lao ຕາ (tā), Lü ᦎᦱ (ṫaa), Tai Dam ꪔꪱ, Shan တႃ (tǎa), Aiton တႃ (tā), Ahom 𑜄𑜠 (ta) or 𑜄𑜡 (tā).
Possibly cognate with Proto-Austronesian *maCa (“eye”).
Within Kra-Dai, compare Sui ndal, Southern Kam dal, Hlai [ʈʂʰaː¹] and Lingao [ɗa¹].
Compare Old Chinese 睹 (OC *taːʔ, “to see”).

section of (a stem, demarcated by nodes in the stem)


di

di (Sawndip form 的, 1957–1982 spelling di)

Compare Cantonese 啲 (di1, “a few; a bit”).


meh

From Proto-Tai *meːᴮ (“mother”). Cognate with Thai แม่ (mɛ̂ɛ), Northern Thai ᨾᩯ᩵, Lao ແມ່ (mǣ), Lü ᦶᦙᧈ (mae¹), Shan မႄႈ (māae), Ahom 𑜉𑜦𑜧 (mē), Bouyei meeh.

Used for adult women who have given birth.

Used for female animals that have given birth or laid eggs.


dah

dah (Sawndip forms 𡚻 or 𰌄 or 𫰋 or 驮 or 妖, 1957–1982 spelling daƅ)

𡚻 (Sawndip)
𰌄 (Sawndip)
𫰋 (Sawndip)
驮 (Sawndip)
妖 (Sawndip)


ae

ae (Sawndip forms 侅 or ⿰亻界 or 𠲖, 1957–1982 spelling əi)


gij

gij (Sawndip forms 𰂌 or 几 or 其 or 鳮 or 启, 1957–1982 spelling giз)

𰂌 (Sawndip)
几 (Sawndip)
其 (Sawndip)
鳮 (Sawndip)
启 (Sawndip)


gouh

gouh (Sawndip forms 𭪡 or 𫇰 or 芶 or 𦹵 or 柩, 1957–1982 spelling gouƅ)

𭪡 (Sawndip)
𫇰 (Sawndip)
芶 (Sawndip)
𦹵 (Sawndip)
柩 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *guːᴮ (“pair”). Cognate with Thai คู่ (kûu), Lao ຄູ່ (khū), Shan ၵူႈ (kūu).

cib gouh dawh


faen

a unit of area equivalent to 66+²⁄₃ square metres

a rate of interest, calculated as ¹⁄₁₀ of the capital for annual interest or ¹⁄₁₀₀ of the capital for monthly interest


cit

Used for performances, e.g., plays, operas, storytellings.


lwg

From Proto-Tai *lɯːkᴰ (“child”). Cognate with Thai ลูก (lûuk), Northern Thai ᩃᩪᨠ, Lao ລູກ (lūk), Lü ᦟᦴᧅ (luuk), Tai Dam ꪩꪴꪀ, Shan လုၵ်ႈ (lūk), Tai Nüa ᥘᥧᥐ (luk), Bouyei leg.

Used for small objects (inherently or not).

Used before a classifier or noun to denigrate the quantity or quality of the thing expressed by the noun: petty; runty


lwg

Used for bundles of long, thin objects: bundle of


caz

caz (Sawndip forms 𦳘 or 楂 or 茶 or 𣚒, 1957–1982 spelling caƨ)

𦳘 (Sawndip)
楂 (Sawndip)
茶 (Sawndip)
𣚒 (Sawndip)


duz

duz (Sawndip forms 徒 or 独 or 途 or 图 or 嘟 or 度, 1957–1982 spelling duƨ)

徒 (Sawndip)
独 (Sawndip)
途 (Sawndip)
图 (Sawndip)
嘟 (Sawndip)
度 (Sawndip)

Ultimately from Chinese 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˁo). Cognate with Bouyei duez, Thai ตัว (dtuua), Northern Thai ᨲᩫ᩠ᩅ, Lao ໂຕ (tō) or ຕົວ (tūa), Lü ᦷᦎ (ṫo), Tai Dam ꪶꪔ, Shan တူဝ် (tǒ), Ahom 𑜄𑜥 (tū) or 𑜄𑜤 (tu), Saek ทั๊ว.

(not derogatory) Classifier for children.

Classifier for supernatural beings and shadows.


aen

aen (Sawndip forms 𬻹 or 因 or 𭶻 or ⿱父丁 or 㤙 or ⿰口㤙 or 恩 or 咹 or 安, 1957–1982 spelling ən)

𬻹 (Sawndip)
因 (Sawndip)
𭶻 (Sawndip)
⿱父丁 (Sawndip)
㤙 (Sawndip)
⿰口㤙 (Sawndip)
恩 (Sawndip)
咹 (Sawndip)
安 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʔalᴬ (classifier for things). Cognate with Thai อัน (an), Lao ອັນ (ʼan), Lü ᦀᧃ (˙ʼan), Shan ဢၼ် (ʼǎn), Ahom 𑜒𑜃𑜫 (ʼan), Tày ăn.

cog

Lü ᦀᧃ (˙ʼan)

aen ranz ndeu

haj aen mak


cik

head

cik (Sawndip forms 𰍵 or 𰒷 or 𠲔, 1957–1982 spelling cik)

chi; Chinese foot (equivalent to ¹/₃ meter)


daj

From Chinese 打 (“dozen”), ultimately from English dozen.


gyaeuj

gyaeuj (Sawndip form same as noun, 1957–1982 spelling gyəuз)

Li (1977) reconstructed Proto-Tai *kləuꟲ¹ (“head; knot of hair on the top of the head”).
Thereafter, Pittayaporn (2009) reconstructed the Proto-Tai forms as *klawꟲ (“hair knot”) and *krawꟲ (“head”) (gyaeuj, Thai เกล้า (glâao), Lao ເກົ້າ (kao), Tai Nüa ᥐᥝᥲ (kàw) are descendants of *klawꟲ (“hair knot”)), but it seems to vacillate whether to distinguish between the two forms.
Possibly cognate with Proto-Austronesian *qulu (“head”).
Pan (2000) considered Old Chinese 首 (*qhljǔʔ, “head”) as a cognate word with Kra-Dai such as gyaeuj etc. and Tibeto-Burman such as Tibetan མགོ (mgo, “head”) etc.


boux

head

boux (Sawndip forms 俌 or 𠇑 or 伓 or 布 or 甫 or 伕 or 扶 or 仆 or 卟 or 哺 or 佈 or 卩 or 卜, 1957–1982 spelling bouч)

俌 (Sawndip)
𠇑 (Sawndip)
伓 (Sawndip)
布 (Sawndip)
甫 (Sawndip)
伕 (Sawndip)
扶 (Sawndip)
仆 (Sawndip)
卟 (Sawndip)
哺 (Sawndip)
佈 (Sawndip)
卩 (Sawndip)
卜 (Sawndip)

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 甫 (MC pjuX). Cognate with Bouyei bux, Thai ผู้ (pûu), Lao ຜູ້ (phū), Lü ᦕᦴᧉ (ṗhuu²), Shan ၽူႈ (phūu), Ahom 𑜇𑜥 (phū).

cog

Lü ᦕᦴᧉ (ṗhuu²)

song boux vunz


diuz

head

diuz (Sawndip form 条, 1957–1982 spelling diuƨ)

Used for statements or questions in a list.


bingz

bingz (Sawndip forms 砰 or ⿰石⿱䒑⿻几三 or 𮀭 or 砙 or 屏, 1957–1982 spelling biŋƨ)

砰 (Sawndip)
⿰石⿱䒑⿻几三 (Sawndip)
𮀭 (Sawndip)
砙 (Sawndip)
屏 (Sawndip)


beuzgeng

/peːu˧˩ keːŋ˨˦/


ranz

ranz (Sawndip forms 𭓨 or 兰 or 䒟 or 苒 or 栏, 1957–1982 spelling ranƨ)

𭓨 (Sawndip)
兰 (Sawndip)
䒟 (Sawndip)
苒 (Sawndip)
栏 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *rɤːnᴬ (“house”). Cognate with Thai เรือน (rʉʉan), Northern Thai ᩁᩮᩥᩬᩁ, Isan เฮือน, Lao ເຮືອນ (hư̄an), Lü ᦵᦣᦲᧃ (hoen), Tai Dam ꪹꪭꪙ, Shan ႁိူၼ်း (hóen), Ahom 𑜍𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (rün), Tày rườn, Bouyei raanz, Zuojiang Zhuang rwenz.


fwngz

fwngz (Sawndip form same as noun, 1957–1982 spelling fɯŋƨ)

From Proto-Tai *mwɯːᴬ (“hand”). The [-ŋ] in fwngz [fɯŋᴬ²] resulted from a sporadic nasalization. Most Northern Tai dialects show a final nasal.
In Northern Tai, cognate with Bouyei fengz, Saek มื๊อ.
In Central Tai, cognate with Tày mừ.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai มือ (mʉʉ), Lao ມື (mư̄), Lü ᦙᦹ (mue), Tai Dam ꪣꪳ, Tai Dón ꪝꪳ, Shan မိုဝ်း (múe), Aiton မိုဝ် (müw), Ahom 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (müw).
In other Tai, cognate with Zuojiang Zhuang mwz (see Zhuang mwz).
Possibly cognate with Proto-Austronesian *(qa)lima (“hand”).


coenz

coenz (Sawndip forms 咰 or 旬 or 𠲰 or 𠱜 or 询 or 𮞁 or 訰 or 呅 or 呴 or 𡆂 or 陈, 1957–1982 spelling cɵnƨ)

咰 (Sawndip)
旬 (Sawndip)
𠲰 (Sawndip)
𠱜 (Sawndip)
询 (Sawndip)
𮞁 (Sawndip)
訰 (Sawndip)
呅 (Sawndip)
呴 (Sawndip)
𡆂 (Sawndip)
陈 (Sawndip)

song coenz yah


ciengh

ciengh (Sawndip form 掁, 1957–1982 spelling cieŋƅ)

zhang (a unit of length equivalent to 3+¹⁄₃ metres)


gaiq

gaiq (Sawndip forms 圿 or 盖 or 介 or 吤 or 改 or 盍 or 界, 1957–1982 spelling gaiƽ)

圿 (Sawndip)
盖 (Sawndip)
介 (Sawndip)
吤 (Sawndip)
改 (Sawndip)
盍 (Sawndip)
界 (Sawndip)

Classifier for things in the form of a chunk: piece of; chunk of

Classifier for broad flat objects: piece of; plot of

Classifier for long cylindrical objects.


ngoenz

ngoenz (Sawndip forms 𭥓 or 昋 or 昙 or 艮 or 𭦂 or 𨑨 or 晏 or 㫨 or 𭥔, 1957–1982 spelling ŋɵnƨ)

𭥓 (Sawndip)
昋 (Sawndip)
昙 (Sawndip)
艮 (Sawndip)
𭦂 (Sawndip)
𨑨 (Sawndip)
晏 (Sawndip)
㫨 (Sawndip)
𭥔 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ŋwanᴬ (“daytime”). Cognate with Thai วัน (wan), Northern Thai ᩅᩢ᩠ᨶ, Lao ວັນ (wan), Lü ᦞᧃ (van), Shan ဝၼ်း (wán), Tai Nüa ᥝᥢᥰ (wän), Ahom 𑜈𑜃𑜫 (ban), Bouyei nguanz.


doengj

doengj (Sawndip forms 𰛼 or 硧, 1957–1982 spelling dɵŋз)


ndwen

ndwen (Sawndip forms ⿰月天 or 𬚻 or 𦙖 or ⿰月电 or 脌, 1957–1982 spelling ƌɯen)

⿰月天 (Sawndip)
𬚻 (Sawndip)
𦙖 (Sawndip)
⿰月电 (Sawndip)
脌 (Sawndip)
mbwen (alternative)

From Proto-Tai *ɓlɯənᴬ (“moon; month”).
Cognate with Thai เดือน (dʉʉan), Northern Thai ᨯᩮᩬᩥᩁ, Lao ເດືອນ (dư̄an), Lü ᦵᦡᦲᧃ (ḋoen), Shan လိူၼ် (lǒen), Ahom 𑜓𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (dün) or 𑜃𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (nün), Saek เบรี๋ยน.

cog

Lü ᦵᦡᦲᧃ (ḋoen)

Saek เบรี๋ยน


dangz

Classifier for the periods of time when a subject is taught: period; class

Classifier for sets of furniture or appliances: set; suite


duix

head

duix (Sawndip forms 𬒋 or 𥑇, 1957–1982 spelling duiч)

Borrowed from Chinese 斗 (MC tuwX, “cup-like object”). Cognate with Thai ถ้วย (tûai), Lao ຖ້ວຍ (thuāi), Bouyei doix, Lakkia ti².

De donq gwn sam duix heaux.

He can eat three bowls of rice at a meal.

Amount contained in a bowl: bowl; bowlful


gyaq

gyaq (Sawndip forms 𣕧 or 榢 or 𠺢, 1957–1982 spelling gyaƽ)

Classifier for vehicles, such as cars, bicycles, airplanes and tanks.


gyoengq

gyoengq (Sawndip forms 𬾀 or 共 or 𨳚 or 供 or 㑝 or 𭑀 or 穷 or 哃 or 众 or 𬮥 or 𭁝, 1957–1982 spelling gyɵŋƽ)

𬾀 (Sawndip)
共 (Sawndip)
𨳚 (Sawndip)
供 (Sawndip)
㑝 (Sawndip)
𭑀 (Sawndip)
穷 (Sawndip)
哃 (Sawndip)
众 (Sawndip)
𬮥 (Sawndip)
𭁝 (Sawndip)

group of (people); crowd of (people); flock of (animals); herd of (animals)


hangh

Classifier for pullets (young hens that have not yet laid eggs).


hangh

Classifier for items, tasks, or points in a list.


gaemxgienz

gaemxgienz (1957–1982 spelling gəmчgienƨ)


congh

From Proto-Tai *ɟoːŋᴮ (“crack, hole”). Cognate with Thai ช่อง (chɔ̂ng), Isan ซ่อง, Lao ຊ່ອງ (sǭng), Lü ᦋᦸᧂᧈ (tsoang¹).


cangz

cangz (Sawndip forms 𰅸 or 倀 or 帳 or 常, 1957–1982 spelling caŋƨ)

𰅸 (Sawndip)
倀 (Sawndip)
帳 (Sawndip)
常 (Sawndip)


cangz

cangz (Sawndip form 𭃂, 1957–1982 spelling caŋƨ)


dangq

dangq (Sawndip form 趟, 1957–1982 spelling daŋƽ)


diemj

sam diemj


daeg

daeg (Sawndip forms 特 or 㝵, 1957–1982 spelling dəg)


doengh

doengh (Sawndip forms 垌 or 峝 or 𰉡 or 埬, 1957–1982 spelling dɵŋƅ)

垌 (Sawndip)
峝 (Sawndip)
𰉡 (Sawndip)
埬 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *doŋᴮ (“open field”). Cognate with Thai ทุ่ง (tûng), Lao ທົ່ງ (thong), Shan တူင်ႈ (tūung). Also Vietnamese đồng.


𠲖

Sawndip form of ae (“classifier used for adult men”)


raq

raq (Sawndip forms 𭰪 or 啦 or 拉 or 吪 or 𮳃 or 𣳓 or 洽 or 汏 or ⿰火杀 or 𭲢, 1957–1982 spelling raƽ)

𭰪 (Sawndip)
啦 (Sawndip)
拉 (Sawndip)
吪 (Sawndip)
𮳃 (Sawndip)
𣳓 (Sawndip)
洽 (Sawndip)
汏 (Sawndip)
⿰火杀 (Sawndip)
𭲢 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *raːᴮ (“epidemic”). Cognate with Thai ห่า (hàa), Northern Thai ᩁ᩵ᩣ, Lao ຮ່າ (hā), Shan ႁႃႈ (hāa), Phake ꩭႃ (hā), Ahom 𑜍𑜠 (ra), Zuojiang Zhuang haq.

Used for occurrences of an event that is usually violent or dangerous.


raq

raq (Sawndip forms 𰋒 or 𭐾, 1957–1982 spelling raƽ)

(dialectal) Used for groups of people or animals: group of; flock of


cienz

cienz (Sawndip forms 刄 or ⿰𠂊㦮 or ⿱爫𬺻, 1957–1982 spelling cienƨ)

mace; qian (unit of mass equivalent to 5 grams)


lamz

Classifier for amounts that can be held in a small basket.


faenh

faenh (Sawndip forms 份 or 分, 1957–1982 spelling fənƅ)


faek

faek (Sawndip forms 𰶛 or 𮙓 or ⿰豆伏, 1957–1982 spelling fək)

From Proto-Tai *q.wakᴰ (“sheath; pod”).
Cognate with Thai ฝัก (fàk), Lao ຝັກ (fak), Northern Thai ᨺᩢ᩠ᨠ, Khün ᨺᩢ᩠ᨠ, Lü ᦚᧅ (ḟak), Tai Dam ꪠꪰꪀ, Tai Dón ꪠꪰꪀ, Shan ၽၵ်း (phák) or ၾၵ်း (fák).


cingz

cingz (Sawndip form 呈, 1957–1982 spelling ciŋƨ)