o

head

o (Sawndip forms 嗬 or 荷 or ⿰目荷, 1957–1982 spelling o)


beg

beg (Sawndip form 白, 1957–1982 spelling beg)


hung

hung (Sawndip forms 𫯞 or 𪩣 or 𰋚 or 𠒋 or ⿰兇大 or ⿰口兇 or 宏 or 空 or 𪥔 or 洪 or 𭑄 or 𡘙 or ⿰兄大 or 𭀢, 1957–1982 spelling huŋ)

𫯞 (Sawndip)
𪩣 (Sawndip)
𰋚 (Sawndip)
𠒋 (Sawndip)
⿰兇大 (Sawndip)
⿰口兇 (Sawndip)
宏 (Sawndip)
空 (Sawndip)
𪥔 (Sawndip)
洪 (Sawndip)
𭑄 (Sawndip)
𡘙 (Sawndip)
⿰兄大 (Sawndip)
𭀢 (Sawndip)


sang

sang (Sawndip forms 𮪼 or 桑 or 𫶐 or 𱅷 or 丧 or 𭫌, 1957–1982 spelling saŋ)

𮪼 (Sawndip)
桑 (Sawndip)
𫶐 (Sawndip)
𱅷 (Sawndip)
丧 (Sawndip)
𭫌 (Sawndip)


saw

saw (Sawndip forms 𰝓 or ⿱西心 or 㳏, 1957–1982 spelling səɯ)

From Proto-Tai *saɰᴬ (“clear; clean”). Cognate with Thai ใส (sǎi), Northern Thai ᩈᩲ, Isan ใส, Lao ໃສ (sai), Lü ᦺᦉ (ṡay), Tai Dam ꪻꪎ, Shan သႂ် (sǎue), Tai Nüa ᥔᥬᥴ (sáue), Ahom 𑜏𑜧 (saw) or 𑜏𑜧𑜤 (sawu).

(of transparent objects, water, etc.) clear

(of liquids other than water) watery; thin


rim

From Proto-Tai *k.temᴬ (“full”). Cognate with Thai เต็ม (dtem), Lao ເຕັມ (tem), Northern Thai ᨲᩮ᩠ᨾ, Lü ᦎᦲᧄ (ṫiim), Shan တဵမ် (tǎem), Nong Zhuang daem.


bag

bag (Sawndip forms 𭼈 or ⿸疒百 or 怕 or 剥, 1957–1982 spelling bag)

𭼈 (Sawndip)
⿸疒百 (Sawndip)
怕 (Sawndip)
剥 (Sawndip)

mabag


凟

Sawndip form of nduk (“rotten; vicious”)


咛

Sawndip form of ningq (“small; young (as a child)”)


浢

Sawndip form of daeuh (“green (as seaweed or algae)”)


soh

From Proto-Tai *zɤːᴮ (“straight”). Cognate with Thai ซื่อ (sʉ̂ʉ), Northern Thai ᨪᩨ᩵, Khün ᨪᩨ᩵, Isan ซื่อ or ซือ, Lao ຊື່ (sư̄), Lü ᦌᦹᧈ (sue¹), Tai Dam ꪏꪳ꪿, Shan သိုဝ်ႈ (sūe), Tai Nüa ᥔᥪ (sue), Ahom 𑜏𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (süw), Nong Zhuang swh.

cog

Thai ซื่อ (sʉ̂ʉ)


head

na (Sawndip forms 𭆗 or 那 or 𭡇 or 𦀨, 1957–1982 spelling na)

𭆗 (Sawndip)
那 (Sawndip)
𭡇 (Sawndip)
𦀨 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰnaːᴬ (“thick”). Cognate with Thai หนา (nǎa), Lao ໜາ (nā), Lü ᦐᦱ (ṅaa), Shan ၼႃ (nǎa), Ahom 𑜃𑜡 (nā), Bouyei nal.

thick (with opposite surfaces far apart)


sik

sik (Sawndip forms ⿰手昔 or ⿰扌息 or 息 or 昔 or ⿰口夕 or 夕 or 啐 or 措 or 石, 1957–1982 spelling sik)

⿰手昔 (Sawndip)
⿰扌息 (Sawndip)
息 (Sawndip)
昔 (Sawndip)
⿰口夕 (Sawndip)
夕 (Sawndip)
啐 (Sawndip)
措 (Sawndip)
石 (Sawndip)


lab

lab (Sawndip forms 曪 or 腊, 1957–1982 spelling lab)


meh

From Proto-Tai *meːᴮ (“mother”). Cognate with Thai แม่ (mɛ̂ɛ), Northern Thai ᨾᩯ᩵, Lao ແມ່ (mǣ), Lü ᦶᦙᧈ (mae¹), Shan မႄႈ (māae), Ahom 𑜉𑜦𑜧 (mē), Bouyei meeh.


lai

lai (Sawndip forms 𫯓 or 來 or 𡥧 or 𡃤, 1957–1982 spelling lai)

𫯓 (Sawndip)
來 (Sawndip)
𡥧 (Sawndip)
𡃤 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰlaːjᴬ (“many; much”), from Old Chinese 多 (OC *[t.l]ˤaj) (B-S). Cognate with Thai หลาย (lǎai), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᩃᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ຫຼາຍ (lāi), Lü ᦜᦻ (l̇aay), Khün ᩉ᩠ᩃᩣ᩠ᨿ, Shan လၢႆ (lǎai), Bouyei laail, Saek หล่าย. Compare Jizhao laːi²¹.


hau

From Proto-Tai *xaːwᴬ (“white”). Cognate with Thai ขาว (kǎao), Northern Thai ᨡᩣ᩠ᩅ, Lao ຂາວ (khāo), Lü ᦃᦱᧁ (ẋaaw), Tai Dam ꪄꪱꪫ, Shan ၶၢဝ် (khǎao), Tai Nüa ᥑᥣᥝᥴ (xáaw), Ahom 𑜁𑜧 (khaw) or 𑜁𑜧𑜨 (khawo), Bouyei haaul, Saek ห่าว.


sau

From Proto-Tai *saːwᴬ (“unmarried woman”). Cognate with Thai สาว (sǎao), Lao ສາວ (sāo), Lü ᦉᦱᧁ (ṡaaw), Tai Nüa ᥔᥣᥝᥲ (sàaw), Shan သၢဝ် (sǎao), Ahom 𑜏𑜧 (saw), 𑜏𑜨𑜧 (sow), 𑜏𑜧𑜤 (sawu), 𑜏𑜧𑜈𑜫 (saww), or 𑜏𑜦𑜡 (sō).


biz

biz (Sawndip forms 𰮿 or 䏢 or 䏟 or 𭽮 or ⿱比肥 or ⿰𦟋皮 or 胚, 1957–1982 spelling biƨ)

𰮿 (Sawndip)
䏢 (Sawndip)
䏟 (Sawndip)
𭽮 (Sawndip)
⿱比肥 (Sawndip)
⿰𦟋皮 (Sawndip)
胚 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *bwiːᴬ (“fat”), from Middle Chinese 肥 (MC bj+j, “fat”). Cognate with Thai พี (pii), Lao ພີ (phī), Lü ᦗᦲ (pii), Shan ပီး (píi), Ahom 𑜆𑜣 (pī).


heu

heu (Sawndip forms 𫇯 or 𮧃 or 𬰗 or 靘 or ⿳吅且吅 or 夭 or ⿺色丢 or ⿺色求 or ⿺色青 or 𬮬 or ⿵门清 or 𬁷 or ⿰告青 or ⿰虫好 or 䒵 or ⿰青刁 or ⿵门号, 1957–1982 spelling heu)

𫇯 (Sawndip)
𮧃 (Sawndip)
𬰗 (Sawndip)
靘 (Sawndip)
⿳吅且吅 (Sawndip)
夭 (Sawndip)
⿺色丢 (Sawndip)
⿺色求 (Sawndip)
⿺色青 (Sawndip)
𬮬 (Sawndip)
⿵门清 (Sawndip)
𬁷 (Sawndip)
⿰告青 (Sawndip)
⿰虫好 (Sawndip)
䒵 (Sawndip)
⿰青刁 (Sawndip)
⿵门号 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *xiəwᴬ (“green”). Cognate with Thai เขียว (kǐao), Lao ຂຽວ (khiāu), Tai Dam ꪵꪄꪫ, Shan ၶဵဝ် (khǎeo), Ahom 𑜁𑜢𑜈𑜫 (khiw).


noix

noix (Sawndip forms 𫴻 or 𭁧 or 𮤰 or 𫴹 or 𮤭 or ⿰子内 or 内 or 㐻 or 呐, 1957–1982 spelling noiч)

𫴻 (Sawndip)
𭁧 (Sawndip)
𮤰 (Sawndip)
𫴹 (Sawndip)
𮤭 (Sawndip)
⿰子内 (Sawndip)
内 (Sawndip)
㐻 (Sawndip)
呐 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *noːjꟲ (“small”). Cognate with Thai น้อย (nɔ́ɔi), Lao ນ້ອຍ (nǭi), Lü ᦓᦾᧉ (noay²), Shan ၼွႆႉ (nâ̰ui).


dava

Partial calque from Chinese 眼花 (yǎnhuā).


mang

From Chinese 猛 (MC maengX, “ferocious; violent; powerful”).


miz

head

miz (Sawndip forms 眉 or 𥸬 or 𠷯, 1957–1982 spelling miƨ)

From Proto-Tai *miːᴬ (“to have”). Cognate with Thai มี (mii), Northern Thai ᨾᩦ, Khün ᨾᩦ, Lao ມີ (mī), Lü ᦙᦲ (mii), Tai Dam ꪣꪲ, Shan မီး (míi), Ahom 𑜉𑜣 (mī).


cit

cit (Sawndip forms 𰝘 or 𭶈 or 泏 or 㲺 or 咄 or 𠮟 or ⿰米直 or ⿰淡出, 1957–1982 spelling cit)

𰝘 (Sawndip)
𭶈 (Sawndip)
泏 (Sawndip)
㲺 (Sawndip)
咄 (Sawndip)
𠮟 (Sawndip)
⿰米直 (Sawndip)
⿰淡出 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *cɯːtᴰ (“insipid”). Cognate with Thai จืด (jʉ̀ʉt), Lao ຈືດ (chư̄t), Shan ၸိုတ်ႇ (tsùet).


laeg

From Proto-Tai *lɤkᴰ (“deep”). Cognate with Thai ลึก (lʉ́k), Northern Thai ᩃᩮᩥᩢ᩠ᨠ, Southern Thai หลึก, Lao ເລິກ (lœk) or ລຶກ (lưk), Lü ᦵᦟᦲᧅ (loek), Shan လိုၵ်ႉ (lṵ̂ek), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜤𑜀𑜫 (lük), Nong Zhuang ndaek.


lwg

lwg (Sawndip forms 𭒹 or 叻 or 仂 or 力 or 𰌧 or 勒, 1957–1982 spelling lɯg)

𭒹 (Sawndip)
叻 (Sawndip)
仂 (Sawndip)
力 (Sawndip)
𰌧 (Sawndip)
勒 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *lɯːkᴰ (“child”). Cognate with Thai ลูก (lûuk), Northern Thai ᩃᩪᨠ, Lao ລູກ (lūk), Lü ᦟᦴᧅ (luuk), Tai Dam ꪩꪴꪀ, Shan လုၵ်ႈ (lūk), Tai Nüa ᥘᥧᥐ (luk), Bouyei leg.


naek

naek (Sawndip forms 𨒙 or 𮡡 or ⿰重色 or ⿸厂若 or ⿰石匿, 1957–1982 spelling nək)

𨒙 (Sawndip)
𮡡 (Sawndip)
⿰重色 (Sawndip)
⿸厂若 (Sawndip)
⿰石匿 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰnakᴰ (“heavy”). Cognate with Thai หนัก (nàk), Lao ໜັກ (nak), Lü ᦐᧅ (ṅak), Shan ၼၵ်း (nák), Tai Nüa ᥘᥐᥴ (lák), Aiton ꩫက် (nak), Ahom 𑜃𑜀𑜫 (nak), Bouyei nagt.

rap naek mwngz

gamjcingz naek


sae

From Chinese 師 (MC srij, “teacher; master”).


gik

gik (Sawndip forms 𰔅 or ⿰其手 or ⿰不居 or 㥍 or 恄 or ⿱吉心 or 极 or 吉, 1957–1982 spelling gik)

𰔅 (Sawndip)
⿰其手 (Sawndip)
⿰不居 (Sawndip)
㥍 (Sawndip)
恄 (Sawndip)
⿱吉心 (Sawndip)
极 (Sawndip)
吉 (Sawndip)


laux

laux (Sawndip forms 佬 or 老, 1957–1982 spelling lauч)


laux

laux (Sawndip form 𫢬, 1957–1982 spelling lauч)


asoi

/ʔa˨˦ θoːi˨˦/


nduk

nduk (Sawndip forms 𰘙 or ⿱𥫗腐 or ⿰毒独 or 蝳 or ⿰腐各 or 浞 or 柮 or ⿰出朽 or 𭫆 or 凟 or ⿱奴灬 or 𰪋 or 𠯿 or 梇 or ⿱烂独, 1957–1982 spelling ƌuk)

𰘙 (Sawndip)
⿱𥫗腐 (Sawndip)
⿰毒独 (Sawndip)
蝳 (Sawndip)
⿰腐各 (Sawndip)
浞 (Sawndip)
柮 (Sawndip)
⿰出朽 (Sawndip)
𭫆 (Sawndip)
凟 (Sawndip)
⿱奴灬 (Sawndip)
𰪋 (Sawndip)
𠯿 (Sawndip)
梇 (Sawndip)
⿱烂独 (Sawndip)

vicious; ruthless; malicious; malevolent


loek

loek (Sawndip forms 𰽉 or 𠯿 or 𫼚 or 𣏥 or 六, 1957–1982 spelling lɵk)

𰽉 (Sawndip)
𠯿 (Sawndip)
𫼚 (Sawndip)
𣏥 (Sawndip)
六 (Sawndip)


ranz

ranz (Sawndip forms 𭓨 or 兰 or 䒟 or 苒 or 栏, 1957–1982 spelling ranƨ)

𭓨 (Sawndip)
兰 (Sawndip)
䒟 (Sawndip)
苒 (Sawndip)
栏 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *rɤːnᴬ (“house”). Cognate with Thai เรือน (rʉʉan), Northern Thai ᩁᩮᩥᩬᩁ, Isan เฮือน, Lao ເຮືອນ (hư̄an), Lü ᦵᦣᦲᧃ (hoen), Tai Dam ꪹꪭꪙ, Shan ႁိူၼ်း (hóen), Ahom 𑜍𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (rün), Tày rườn, Bouyei raanz, Zuojiang Zhuang rwenz.


daih

daih (Sawndip forms 大 or 太, 1957–1982 spelling daiƅ)


bingzdaengj

bingzdaengj (1957–1982 spelling biŋƨdəŋз)


beix

beix (Sawndip forms 𤿌 or 佊 or 仳 or 𠾦 or 皮 or 彼, 1957–1982 spelling beiч)

𤿌 (Sawndip)
佊 (Sawndip)
仳 (Sawndip)
𠾦 (Sawndip)
皮 (Sawndip)
彼 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *biːᴮ (“older sibling”). Cognate with Thai พี่ (pîi), Northern Thai ᨻᩦ᩵, Lao ພີ່ (phī), Lü ᦗᦲᧈ (pii¹), Shan ပီႈ (pīi), Ahom 𑜆𑜣 (pī), Bouyei bix.


fwngz

fwngz (Sawndip forms 摓 or 㐿 or 抙 or 逢 or 𢪘 or 𢪖, 1957–1982 spelling fɯŋƨ)

摓 (Sawndip)
㐿 (Sawndip)
抙 (Sawndip)
逢 (Sawndip)
𢪘 (Sawndip)
𢪖 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *mwɯːᴬ (“hand”). Cognate with Lao ມື (mư̄), Thai มือ (mʉʉ), dialectal Zhuang mwz, Bouyei fengz.


bwn

From Proto-Tai *q.pɯlᴬ (“body hair; feather”). Cognate with Thai ขน (kǒn), Lao ຂົນ (khon), Lü ᦃᦳᧃ (ẋun), Tai Dam ꪶꪄꪙ, Shan ၶူၼ် (khǔun), Aiton ၵုꩫ် (khun), Bouyei benl, Ahom 𑜁𑜤𑜃𑜫 (khun), Nong Zhuang koan, Saek ปุ๋น.

cog

Lü ᦃᦳᧃ (ẋun)


mbaeu

From Proto-Tai *C̥.bawᴬ (“light (in weight)”). Cognate with Thai เบา (bao), Northern Thai ᨷᩮᩢᩤ, Lao ເບົາ (bao), Lü ᦢᧁ (ḃaw), Khün ᨷᩮᩢᩤ, Shan မဝ် (mǎo) or ဝဝ် (wǎo), Tai Nüa ᥛᥝ (maw), Ahom 𑜉𑜨𑜧 (mow), Nong Zhuang nawj, Saek เว๋า, Tày bau.


hoengz

Borrowed from Chinese 紅 (MC huwng, “red”).


gvaz

From Old Chinese 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs, “right”). Cognate with Thai ขวา (kwǎa), Northern Thai ᨡ᩠ᩅᩣ, Lao ຂວາ (khuā), Lü ᦧᦱ (ẋwaa), Shan ၶႂႃ (khwǎa), Bouyei gvaz.


fanh

From Chinese 萬 (MC mjonH). Cognate with Bouyei faanh.


swyouz

/θɯ˧˥ jou˧˩/


Maxgai

From Hakka 麼個／么个 (má-ke, “what”), a Hakka shibboleth.

vunz Maxgai

vah Maxgai
Hakka language


cienh

head

cienh (Sawndip form 呫, 1957–1982 spelling cienƅ)


liengz

liengz (Sawndip forms 𰃾 or 良 or ⿹气良 or ⿹气京, 1957–1982 spelling lieŋƨ)

𰃾 (Sawndip)
良 (Sawndip)
⿹气良 (Sawndip)
⿹气京 (Sawndip)


gyaeu

From Chinese 嬌 (MC kjew). Compare Vietnamese kiều (as in yêu kiều, kiều diễm).


angq

angq (Sawndip forms 𠵫 or 𰙂 or ⿰楽昂 or 𱞞, 1957–1982 spelling aŋƽ)

𠵫 (Sawndip)
𰙂 (Sawndip)
⿰楽昂 (Sawndip)
𱞞 (Sawndip)


doengz

doengz (Sawndip form 仝, 1957–1982 spelling dɵŋƨ)


ndaengq

From Proto-Tai *ɗaŋᴮ (“lye”). Cognate with Thai ด่าง (dàang), Lao ດັ່ງ (dang), Shan လင်ႇ (làng).


soemj

From Proto-Tai *sɤmᶜ (“sour”). Cognate with Thai ส้ม (sôm), Lao ສົ້ມ (som), Shan သူမ်ႈ (sūum), Lü ᦉᦳᧄᧉ (ṡum²), Ahom 𑜏𑜤𑜪 (suṃ). Compare Middle Chinese 酸 (MC swan, “sour”) and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləsəm (whence Malay asam and Toba Batak asom).

cog

Lü ᦉᦳᧄᧉ (ṡum²)


haemz

head

haemz (Sawndip forms 𮐽 or 𮤙 or 𨐡 or 𠸋 or ⿰口⿱人呇 or ⿱人呇 or 𱽳 or 𮓄 or 咺 or ⿰苦甘 or 䧟 or ⿰辛含 or 𮒀, 1957–1982 spelling həmƨ)

𮐽 (Sawndip)
𮤙 (Sawndip)
𨐡 (Sawndip)
𠸋 (Sawndip)
⿰口⿱人呇 (Sawndip)
⿱人呇 (Sawndip)
𱽳 (Sawndip)
𮓄 (Sawndip)
咺 (Sawndip)
⿰苦甘 (Sawndip)
䧟 (Sawndip)
⿰辛含 (Sawndip)
𮒀 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.qɤmᴬ (“bitter”). Cognate with Thai ขม (kǒm), Lao ຂົມ (khom), Lü ᦃᦳᧄ (ẋum), Tai Dam ꪶꪄꪣ, Shan ၶူမ် (khǔum), Ahom 𑜁𑜪𑜤 (khǔum), Saek กฺั๊ม.

cog

Lü ᦃᦳᧄ (ẋum)


nding

head

nding (Sawndip forms 𬻤 or 𬮟 or 炩 or 焛 or 𤊥 or 𮤫 or 𫠂 or 𭈻 or 𬻖 or 凌 or 𧹙, 1957–1982 spelling ƌiŋ)

𬻤 (Sawndip)
𬮟 (Sawndip)
炩 (Sawndip)
焛 (Sawndip)
𤊥 (Sawndip)
𮤫 (Sawndip)
𫠂 (Sawndip)
𭈻 (Sawndip)
𬻖 (Sawndip)
凌 (Sawndip)
𧹙 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̥.dwiːŋᴬ (“red”). Cognate with Bouyei ndingl, Thai แดง (dɛɛng), Northern Thai ᨯᩯ᩠ᨦ, Lao ແດງ (dǣng), Lü ᦶᦡᧂ (ḋaeng), Shan လႅင် (lěng), Tai Nüa ᥘᥦᥒ (laeng), Ahom 𑜓𑜢𑜂𑜫 (diṅ) or 𑜃𑜢𑜂𑜫 (niṅ), Nong Zhuang ndiang, Tày đeng, Saek รี๋ง.


ancienz

/ʔaːn˨˦ ɕiːn˧˩/


ndei

ndei (Sawndip forms 𭀖 or 𰌗 or 𭁮 or ⿰美支 or ⿱丽美 or ⿰月𭀖 or 俪 or 低 or 媄 or ⿱好美 or 𭖝, 1957–1982 spelling ƌei)

𭀖 (Sawndip)
𰌗 (Sawndip)
𭁮 (Sawndip)
⿰美支 (Sawndip)
⿱丽美 (Sawndip)
⿰月𭀖 (Sawndip)
俪 (Sawndip)
低 (Sawndip)
媄 (Sawndip)
⿱好美 (Sawndip)
𭖝 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɗɤjᴬ (“good”). Cognate with Thai ดี (dii), Northern Thai ᨯᩦ (di), Lao ດີ (dī), Lü ᦡᦲ (ḋii), Shan လီ (lǐi), Ahom 𑜓𑜣 (dī), 𑜃𑜣 (nī) or 𑜑𑜣 (hī), Bouyei ndil.


ityiengh

zh-l

一樣／一样 (yīyàng)


bengz

head

bengz (Sawndip forms 嘭 or 𨥾 or 𠳐 or 𠴌 or 呯 or 僓 or 𧸃 or 彭, 1957–1982 spelling beŋƨ)

嘭 (Sawndip)
𨥾 (Sawndip)
𠳐 (Sawndip)
𠴌 (Sawndip)
呯 (Sawndip)
僓 (Sawndip)
𧸃 (Sawndip)
彭 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *beːŋᴬ (“expensive”). Cognate with Thai แพง (pɛɛng), Northern Thai ᨻᩯ᩠ᨦ, Lao ແພງ (phǣng), Lü ᦶᦗᧂ (paeng), Shan ပႅင်း (péng), Nong Zhuang biangz or byangz.


lieng

lieng (Sawndip form 𮎝, 1957–1982 spelling lieŋ)

From Proto-Tai *ʰlɯəŋᴬ (“yellow”). Cognate with Thai เหลือง (lʉ̌ʉang), Lao ເຫຼືອງ (lư̄ang), Lü ᦵᦜᦲᧂ (l̇oeng), Shan လိူင် (lǒeng), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 (lüṅ).

cog

Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 (lüṅ)


ndaem

head

ndaem (Sawndip forms 黯 or 黔 or 𪒘 or 𪒤 or 𮤸 or 𭣀 or 𮮙, 1957–1982 spelling ƌəm)

黯 (Sawndip)
黔 (Sawndip)
𪒘 (Sawndip)
𪒤 (Sawndip)
𮤸 (Sawndip)
𭣀 (Sawndip)
𮮙 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̥.damᴬ (“black; dark”). Cognate with Thai ดำ (dam), Lao ດຳ (dam), Lü ᦡᧄ (ḋam), Shan လမ် (lǎm), Ahom 𑜃𑜪 (naṃ) or 𑜓𑜪 (daṃ).


laep

Cognate with Shan လပ်း (láp), Saek ลั๊บ.


mbang

mbang (Sawndip form 𮖧, 1957–1982 spelling ƃaŋ)

From Proto-Tai *C̥.baːŋᴬ (“thin (not thick)”). Cognate with Thai บาง (baang), Lao ບາງ (bāng), Shan မၢင် (mǎang) or ဝၢင် (wǎang), Ahom 𑜈𑜂𑜫 (baṅ), Tày bang.

inh

thin (having a small distance between the two opposite surfaces)


rongh

head

rongh (Sawndip forms 𭀴 or 晄 or 𮤎 or 晃 or 𣆥 or 𭚙 or 昽 or 𭦄 or 𬊊 or 𭀮, 1957–1982 spelling roŋƅ)

𭀴 (Sawndip)
晄 (Sawndip)
𮤎 (Sawndip)
晃 (Sawndip)
𣆥 (Sawndip)
𭚙 (Sawndip)
昽 (Sawndip)
𭦄 (Sawndip)
𬊊 (Sawndip)
𭀮 (Sawndip)


hangh

(of a chicken hen) not having yet laid eggs; being a pullet


vuenyungz

vuenyungz (Sawndip forms 欢荣 or 欸容, 1957–1982 spelling vuenyuŋƨ)

/βuːn˨˦ juŋ˧˩/

白姓不欸容。

2015, Hanvueng: The Goose King and the Ancestral King, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN:


nyaengq

nyaengq (Sawndip forms 𮓆 or 芿, 1957–1982 spelling nyəŋƽ)

(of one's hair) messy; unkempt; dishevelled


moq

moq (Sawndip forms 𮄾 or 暮 or 𭂥 or 墓 or 嗼 or 吆 or 𮖪 or 摸 or 仫 or 𠸍 or 慕, 1957–1982 spelling moƽ)

𮄾 (Sawndip)
暮 (Sawndip)
𭂥 (Sawndip)
墓 (Sawndip)
嗼 (Sawndip)
吆 (Sawndip)
𮖪 (Sawndip)
摸 (Sawndip)
仫 (Sawndip)
𠸍 (Sawndip)
慕 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmɤːlᴮ (“new”). Cognate with Thai ใหม่ (mài), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩲ᩵, Lao ໃໝ່ (mai), Lü ᦺᦖᧈ (ṁay¹), Tai Dam ꪻꪢ꪿, Shan မႂ်ႇ (màue), Tai Nüa ᥛᥬᥱ (mǎue), Ahom 𑜉𑜧 (maw) or 𑜉𑜨𑜧 (mow), Bouyei mos.

cog

Lü ᦺᦖᧈ (ṁay¹)

just married or just about to be married


nuengx

head

nuengx (Sawndip forms 𭈕 or 𭺲 or 往 or 姓 or 侬 or 农 or 儂, 1957–1982 spelling nueŋч)

𭈕 (Sawndip)
𭺲 (Sawndip)
往 (Sawndip)
姓 (Sawndip)
侬 (Sawndip)
农 (Sawndip)
儂 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *nwoːŋꟲ (“younger sibling”). Cognate with Thai น้อง (nɔ́ɔng), Northern Thai ᨶ᩶ᩬᨦ, Lao ນ້ອງ (nǭng), Lü ᦓᦸᧂᧉ (noang²), Tai Dam ꪙ꫁ꪮꪉ, Shan ၼွင်ႉ (nâ̰ung), Ahom 𑜃𑜨𑜂𑜫 (noṅ).


mizyauq

From miz (“to have”) + a morpheme from Chinese 效 (MC haewH, “effect”).


fuengbienh

fuengbienh (1957–1982 spelling fueŋbienƅ)


cwngci

/ɕɯŋ˧˥ ɕi˧˥/


fouz

From Proto-Tai *wuːᴬ (“to float”), from Chinese 浮 (MC bjuw, “to float”). Cognate with Thai ฟู (fuu), Northern Thai ᨼᩪ, Khün ᨼᩪ, Isan ฟู, Lao ຟູ (fū), Lü ᦝᦴ (fuu), Shan ၽူး (phúu) or ၾူး (fúu), Ahom 𑜇𑜥 (phū), Bouyei fux.


daeuz

daeuz (Sawndip form 头, 1957–1982 spelling dəuƨ)

From Chinese 頭 (MC duw, “head; first; leader”). Doublet of duz.


doj

doj (Sawndip forms 圡 or 仛 or 垑 or 垛, 1957–1982 spelling doз)

圡 (Sawndip)
仛 (Sawndip)
垑 (Sawndip)
垛 (Sawndip)


mbwk

mbwk (Sawndip forms 𫱆 or 𭓏 or 娝 or 逼, 1957–1982 spelling ƃɯk)

𫱆 (Sawndip)
𭓏 (Sawndip)
娝 (Sawndip)
逼 (Sawndip)


miznaj

From miz (“to have”) + naj (“face; sense of honour and dignity”).


couj

head

couj (Sawndip form 吜, 1957–1982 spelling couз)


feih

feih (Sawndip forms 啡 or 味 or 未, 1957–1982 spelling feiƅ)


iq

iq (Sawndip forms 𭕌 or 𭕊 or 𠲖 or 噫 or 依 or 𭓊 or 𫵋 or 𮤭, 1957–1982 spelling iƽ)

𭕌 (Sawndip)
𭕊 (Sawndip)
𠲖 (Sawndip)
噫 (Sawndip)
依 (Sawndip)
𭓊 (Sawndip)
𫵋 (Sawndip)
𮤭 (Sawndip)


daeuh

daeuh (Sawndip forms 浢 or 豆, 1957–1982 spelling dəuƅ)


gungcanj

/kuŋ˧˥ ɕaːn˥/


swhyienz

/θɯ˧ jiːn˧˩/


daeg

daeg (Sawndip forms 特 or 㝵, 1957–1982 spelling dəg)


rengj

From Proto-Tai *ʰreːŋꟲ (“dried up”). Cognate with Thai แห้ง (hɛ̂ɛng), Lao ແຫ້ງ (hǣng), Lü ᦶᦠᧂᧉ (ḣaeng²), Shan ႁႅင်ႈ (hēng), Ahom 𑜑𑜢𑜂𑜫 (hiṅ), Bouyei raangx.

cog

Lü ᦶᦠᧂᧉ (ḣaeng²)


lingq

head

lingq (Sawndip forms 坽 or ⿰此令 or 令 or 𢆓 or 𫭦 or 阾, 1957–1982 spelling liŋƽ)

坽 (Sawndip)
⿰此令 (Sawndip)
令 (Sawndip)
𢆓 (Sawndip)
𫭦 (Sawndip)
阾 (Sawndip)


gwd

Cognate with Bouyei geg (“viscous”). Compare Cantonese 杰 (git6, “viscous”), Teochew 𫀸 (geg8, “viscous”), Eastern Min 𬇴 (gṳ̆k, “viscous”), Lingao kɔt⁸ (“viscous”).


naiq

naiq (Sawndip forms 𤷈 or 𭝎 or 𢖱 or 耐 or ⿱耐心 or ⿰耒爱 or 乃 or ⿸疒耐 or 疓 or 㿍 or 奈, 1957–1982 spelling naiƽ)

𤷈 (Sawndip)
𭝎 (Sawndip)
𢖱 (Sawndip)
耐 (Sawndip)
⿱耐心 (Sawndip)
⿰耒爱 (Sawndip)
乃 (Sawndip)
⿸疒耐 (Sawndip)
疓 (Sawndip)
㿍 (Sawndip)
奈 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰnaːjᴮ (“tired; bored”). Cognate with Thai หน่าย (nàai), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨶ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ໜ່າຍ (nāi), Khün ᩉ᩠ᨶ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lü ᦐᦻᧈ (ṅaay¹), Bouyei naais, Zuojiang Zhuang naiq.

cog

Khün ᩉ᩠ᨶ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨿ

Lü ᦐᦻᧈ (ṅaay¹)


dinj

head

dinj (Sawndip forms 𭿽 or ⿰短丁 or ⿱短丁 or 𰦡 or ⿰短斤 or 𤤆 or 𨱥, 1957–1982 spelling dinз)

𭿽 (Sawndip)
⿰短丁 (Sawndip)
⿱短丁 (Sawndip)
𰦡 (Sawndip)
⿰短斤 (Sawndip)
𤤆 (Sawndip)
𨱥 (Sawndip)


saeq

saeq (Sawndip forms ⿱细小 or 虽 or 歲 or 𮈩, 1957–1982 spelling səiƽ)

⿱细小 (Sawndip)
虽 (Sawndip)
歲 (Sawndip)
𮈩 (Sawndip)


raez

raez (Sawndip forms 𰿏 or 𬼓 or 𮡙 or ⿺尾梨 or ⿺尾黎 or ⿰黎長 or ⿰長厘 or ⿰累長 or ⿺走長 or ⿱利介, 1957–1982 spelling rəiƨ)

𰿏 (Sawndip)
𬼓 (Sawndip)
𮡙 (Sawndip)
⿺尾梨 (Sawndip)
⿺尾黎 (Sawndip)
⿰黎長 (Sawndip)
⿰長厘 (Sawndip)
⿰累長 (Sawndip)
⿺走長 (Sawndip)
⿱利介 (Sawndip)

dohraez


bienzngeiz

bienzngeiz (1957–1982 spelling bienƨŋeiƨ)


deih

deih (Sawndip forms ⿰⿹节丿⿹节丿 or 地 or ⿱地山 or ⿰口对 or ⿰宻弟 or 𬀮 or 𠼲 or ⿰帝又, 1957–1982 spelling deiƅ)

⿰⿹节丿⿹节丿 (Sawndip)
地 (Sawndip)
⿱地山 (Sawndip)
⿰口对 (Sawndip)
⿰宻弟 (Sawndip)
𬀮 (Sawndip)
𠼲 (Sawndip)
⿰帝又 (Sawndip)


ndat

ndat (Sawndip forms 燵 or 𰞌 or 𰞌 or 𤇥 or 𭦆 or 𭴴 or 烙, 1957–1982 spelling ƌat)

燵 (Sawndip)
𰞌 (Sawndip)
𤇥 (Sawndip)
𭦆 (Sawndip)
𭴴 (Sawndip)
烙 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɗɤːtᴰ (“to boil (intransitive)”). Cognate with Thai เดือด (dʉ̀ʉat), Lao ເດືອດ (dư̄at), Shan လိူတ်ႇ (lòet). Also compare Cantonese 焫 (naat3, “to burn; to scald”).


imq

head

imq (Sawndip forms 飪 or 𰪯 or 𩚕 or ⿰飠音 or 䦦 or ⿰口隂 or 喑 or 䏕, 1957–1982 spelling imƽ)

飪 (Sawndip)
𰪯 (Sawndip)
𩚕 (Sawndip)
⿰飠音 (Sawndip)
䦦 (Sawndip)
⿰口隂 (Sawndip)
喑 (Sawndip)
䏕 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʔiːmᴮ (“satiated”). Cognate with Thai อิ่ม (ìm), Lao ອິ່ມ (ʼim) or ອີ່ມ (ʼīm), Lü ᦀᦲᧄᧈ (˙ʼiim¹), Shan ဢိမ် (ʼǐm), Ahom 𑜒𑜢𑜉𑜫 (ʼim).

cog

Lü ᦀᦲᧄᧈ (˙ʼiim¹)


gyawj

From Proto-Tai *k.raɰꟲ (“near”). Cognate with Thai ใกล้ (glâi), Northern Thai ᨠᩖᩲ᩶ or ᨠᩖᩱ᩶, Lao ໃກ້ (kai) or ໄກ້ (kai), Lü ᦺᦂᧉ (k̇ay²), Shan ၵၢႆ (kǎai), Ahom 𑜀𑜧 (kaw) or 𑜀𑜩 (kay), Bouyei jaec.

Lü ᦺᦂᧉ (k̇ay²)


gyae

head

gyae (Sawndip forms 𮟧 or 𰺻 or 奚 or 追 or 𨒑 or 𨃬 or ⿺遠及 or ⿰酉袁 or ⿰吹远 or ⿰𧾷袁 or 哜 or ⿱⿰吉彡友 or 𱔲 or ⿰巨远 or 迼 or 远, 1957–1982 spelling gyəi)

𮟧 (Sawndip)
𰺻 (Sawndip)
奚 (Sawndip)
追 (Sawndip)
𨒑 (Sawndip)
𨃬 (Sawndip)
⿺遠及 (Sawndip)
⿰酉袁 (Sawndip)
⿰吹远 (Sawndip)
⿰𧾷袁 (Sawndip)
哜 (Sawndip)
⿱⿰吉彡友 (Sawndip)
𱔲 (Sawndip)
⿰巨远 (Sawndip)
迼 (Sawndip)
远 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *k.lajᴬ (“far”). Cognate with Thai ไกล (glai), Lao ໄກ (kai), Lü ᦺᦂ (k̇ay), Shan ၵႆ (kǎi), Tai Nüa ᥐᥭ (kay), Ahom 𑜀𑜩 (kay), Bouyei jael, Nong Zhuang gae.


cengh

cengh (Sawndip form 瀞, 1957–1982 spelling ceŋƅ)


gvangq

From Chinese 廣 (MC kwangX). Cognate with Ahom 𑜀𑜡𑜂𑜫 (kāṅ).


daemq

daemq (Sawndip forms 𨱥 or 𱍠 or ⿸广登 or 𮞻 or 僜 or 𡍸 or 𬻄 or 迍 or 偘 or ⿰土品 or 丁 or 𡏷, 1957–1982 spelling dəmƽ)

𨱥 (Sawndip)
𱍠 (Sawndip)
⿸广登 (Sawndip)
𮞻 (Sawndip)
僜 (Sawndip)
𡍸 (Sawndip)
𬻄 (Sawndip)
迍 (Sawndip)
偘 (Sawndip)
⿰土品 (Sawndip)
丁 (Sawndip)
𡏷 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *tamᴮ (“low; short (not tall)”). Cognate with Thai ต่ำ (dtàm), Lao ຕ່ຳ (tam), Shan တႅမ်ႇ (tèm), Ahom 𑜄𑜪 (taṃ) or 𑜄𑜉𑜫 (tam), Bouyei dams.

inh

short; low (having a small vertical dimension)


hawq

From Proto-Tai *χaɰᴮ (“dry”). Cognate with Nong Zhuang kawq.


naeuh

From Proto-Tai *nawᴮ (“rotten”). Cognate with Thai เน่า (nâo), Northern Thai ᨶᩮᩢ᩵ᩣ, Lao ເນົ່າ (nao), Lü ᦓᧁᧈ (naw¹), Shan ၼဝ်ႈ (nāo), Ahom 𑜃𑜧 (naw) or 𑜃𑜧𑜈𑜫 (naww), Saek เหน้า.


ningq

head

ningq (Sawndip forms ⿰小宁 or 咛 or 𡨴 or 吝, 1957–1982 spelling niŋƽ)

⿰小宁 (Sawndip)
咛 (Sawndip)
𡨴 (Sawndip)
吝 (Sawndip)


gauhgiz

zh-l

高級／高级 (gāojí)

high-grade; high-class; advanced; senior


ngawz

head

ngawz (Sawndip forms ⿰愚兀 or ⿱額心 or 𭜒, 1957–1982 spelling ŋəɯƨ)


reux

reux (Sawndip forms 𰹇 or ⿰身条, 1957–1982 spelling reuч)


𨱥

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 不 (“not”) + 長 (“long”).


henj

(of fruits or grains that are yellow when ripe) ripe


ngaeuz

head

ngaeuz (Sawndip forms 牰 or 𰍁 or 𣼱 or 𩀍 or 𮂭 or ⿰身吾 or 汼 or 偶 or 耦 or ⿰光偶, 1957–1982 spelling ŋəuƨ)

牰 (Sawndip)
𰍁 (Sawndip)
𣼱 (Sawndip)
𩀍 (Sawndip)
𮂭 (Sawndip)
⿰身吾 (Sawndip)
汼 (Sawndip)
偶 (Sawndip)
耦 (Sawndip)
⿰光偶 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ŋawᴬ (“shadow; reflection”). Cognate with Thai เงา (ngao), Lao ເງົາ (ngao), Tai Dam ꪹꪉꪱ, Lü ᦇᧁ (ngaw), Shan ငဝ်း (ngáo), Tai Nüa ᥒᥝᥰ (ngäw), Tày ngàu, Bouyei ngauz, Ahom 𑜂𑜧 (ṅaw).


vaiq

vaiq (Sawndip form 𮛞, 1957–1982 spelling vaiƽ)


gumz

gumz (Sawndip forms 凷 or 𰉜 or 岑 or 塳 or ⿰土⿱冖今 or ⿱宀共 or ⿱凹今 or 凹 or 鐔 or ⿰土琴 or 閧, 1957–1982 spelling gumƨ)

凷 (Sawndip)
𰉜 (Sawndip)
岑 (Sawndip)
塳 (Sawndip)
⿰土⿱冖今 (Sawndip)
⿱宀共 (Sawndip)
⿱凹今 (Sawndip)
凹 (Sawndip)
鐔 (Sawndip)
⿰土琴 (Sawndip)
閧 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.kumᴬ (“pit”), from Middle Chinese 坎 (MC khomX, “pit, hole”). Cognate with Thai ขุม (kǔm), Isan ขุม, Lao ຂຸມ (khum), Shan ၶုမ် (khǔm), Tai Dam ꪄꪴꪣ, Tai Nüa ᥑᥧᥛᥴ (xúm), Ahom 𑜁𑜤𑜪 (khuṃ), Zuojiang Zhuang kumq.


neux

neux (Sawndip form 仦, 1957–1982 spelling neuч)


nanz

nanz (Sawndip forms 𭅥 or 𱍾 or ⿱难久 or ⿱麻久 or ⿰久隹 or ⿱大南, 1957–1982 spelling nanƨ)

𭅥 (Sawndip)
𱍾 (Sawndip)
⿱难久 (Sawndip)
⿱麻久 (Sawndip)
⿰久隹 (Sawndip)
⿱大南 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *naːnᴬ (“slow”). Cognate with Thai นาน (naan), Northern Thai ᨶᩣ᩠ᨶ, Lao ນານ (nān), Lü ᦓᦱᧃ (naan), Tai Dam ꪙꪱꪙ, Shan ၼၢၼ်း (náan), Tai Nüa ᥘᥣᥢᥰ (läan), Phake ꩫꩫ် (nan), Ahom 𑜃𑜃𑜫 (nan), Zuojiang Zhuang nanz.


nanz

nanz (Sawndip form ⿰乂隹, 1957–1982 spelling nanƨ)


yaez

yaez (Sawndip forms 孬 or ⿵门虽 or ⿸羊牙 or 𫺊 or ⿰差牙 or 𠰺, 1957–1982 spelling yəiƨ)

孬 (Sawndip)
⿵门虽 (Sawndip)
⿸羊牙 (Sawndip)
𫺊 (Sawndip)
⿰差牙 (Sawndip)
𠰺 (Sawndip)


ndip

ndip (Sawndip form 𮄫, 1957–1982 spelling ƌip)


hamz

hamz (Sawndip forms 𰺩 or 𢜩 or 𠱺 or 𮒀, 1957–1982 spelling hamƨ)

𰺩 (Sawndip)
𢜩 (Sawndip)
𠱺 (Sawndip)
𮒀 (Sawndip)