ci

head

ci (Sawndip form 𫩝, 1957–1982 spelling ci)

(transitive) to play (a wind instrument)


gag

gag (Sawndip forms 各 or 架 or 格, 1957–1982 spelling gag)

on one's own; by oneself; without permission


de

de (Sawndip forms 他 or 𬿇 or 𭶼 or 爹 or 佚 or 𰂡, 1957–1982 spelling de)

他 (Sawndip)
𬿇 (Sawndip)
𭶼 (Sawndip)
爹 (Sawndip)
佚 (Sawndip)
𰂡 (Sawndip)


bit

bit (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 鴓 or 𱈶 or ⿰品鳥, 1957–1982 spelling bit)

duz (classifier)
鴓 (Sawndip)
𱈶 (Sawndip)
⿰品鳥 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *pitᴰ (“duck”). Cognate with Thai เป็ด (bpèt), Lao ເປັດ (pet), Lü ᦵᦔᧆ (ṗed), Tai Dam ꪹꪜꪸꪒ, Shan ပဵတ်း (páet), Ahom 𑜆𑜢𑜄𑜫 (pit), Bouyei bidt, Saek ปิ๊ด. Compare Old Chinese 鴄 (OC *pʰid).

cog

Lü ᦵᦔᧆ (ṗed)


bit

head

bit (classifier gaiq, Sawndip forms 𣭈 or 𰚎, 1957–1982 spelling bit)

gaiq (classifier)
𣭈 (Sawndip)
𰚎 (Sawndip)


it

From Chinese 一 (MC 'jit, “one”). Cognate with Thai เอ็ด (èt), Lao ເອັດ (ʼet), Shan ဢဵတ်း (ʼáet), Ahom 𑜒𑜢𑜄𑜫 (ʼit), Bouyei idt.

daih'it

song bak it

it cien


mi

From Proto-Tai *ʰmwuːjᴬ (“pubic hair”). Cognate with Thai หมอย (mɔ̌ɔi), Lao ໝອຍ (mǭi), Shan မွႆ (mǎui), Ahom 𑜉𑜨𑜩 (moy).


o

Used to express compliance to a request; okay; sure

Used to express realization or understanding; oh


o

o (Sawndip forms 嗬 or 荷 or ⿰目荷, 1957–1982 spelling o)


dub

dub (Sawndip forms 𭡡 or 𰔥 or 𭡫, 1957–1982 spelling dub)

From Proto-Tai *dupᴬ (“to pound”); cognate with Thai ทุบ (túp), Lao ທຸບ (thup), Shan ထုပ်ႉ (thṵ̂p). Also compare Cantonese 𢱕 (dap6, “to pound; to strike”).


beg

beg (Sawndip form 白, 1957–1982 spelling beg)


haj

haj (Sawndip forms 㕶 or 五, 1957–1982 spelling haз)

From Proto-Tai *haːꟲ (“five”), from Old Chinese 五 (*ŋaːʔ, “five”). Cognate with Thai ห้า (hâa), Northern Thai ᩉ᩶ᩣ, Lao ຫ້າ (hā), Lü ᦠᦱᧉ (ḣaa²), Tai Dam ꪬ꫁ꪱ, Shan ႁႃႈ (hāa), Tai Nüa ᥞᥣᥲ (hàa), Ahom 𑜑𑜡 (hā), Bouyei hac.

cog

Lü ᦠᦱᧉ (ḣaa²)

haj duz bya


son

From Proto-Tai *soːlᴬ (“to teach”). Cognate with Thai สอน (sɔ̌ɔn), Northern Thai ᩈᩬᩁ, Lao ສອນ (sǭn), Lü ᦉᦸᧃ (ṡoan), Tai Dam ꪎꪮꪙ, Shan သွၼ် (sǎun), Tai Nüa ᥔᥩᥢᥴ (sóan), Ahom 𑜏𑜨𑜃𑜫 (son).


song

head

song (Sawndip forms 雙 or 双 or 松, 1957–1982 spelling soŋ)

From Proto-Tai *soːŋᴬ, from Middle Chinese 雙 (MC sraewng, “two”). Cognate with Thai สอง (sɔ̌ɔng), Northern Thai ᩈᩬᨦ, Lao ສອງ (sǭng), Lü ᦉᦸᧂ (ṡoang), Tai Dam ꪎꪮꪉ, Shan သွင် (sǎung), Tai Nüa ᥔᥩᥒᥴ (sóang), Ahom 𑜏𑜨𑜂𑜫 (soṅ), Bouyei soongl.

song bak

De fwngz ndeu yaeuj ndaej song doengj raemx bae!
3s hand one raise ACQ two bucket water PRT
S/he can lift two buckets of water with one hand!

2008, Rint Sybesma, “Zhuang: A Tai language with some Sinitic characteristics”, in Pieter Muysken, editor, From Linguistic Areas to Areal Linguistics, page 246:


hung

hung (Sawndip forms 𫯞 or 𪩣 or 𰋚 or 𠒋 or ⿰兇大 or ⿰口兇 or 宏 or 空 or 𪥔 or 洪 or 𭑄 or 𡘙 or ⿰兄大 or 𭀢, 1957–1982 spelling huŋ)

𫯞 (Sawndip)
𪩣 (Sawndip)
𰋚 (Sawndip)
𠒋 (Sawndip)
⿰兇大 (Sawndip)
⿰口兇 (Sawndip)
宏 (Sawndip)
空 (Sawndip)
𪥔 (Sawndip)
洪 (Sawndip)
𭑄 (Sawndip)
𡘙 (Sawndip)
⿰兄大 (Sawndip)
𭀢 (Sawndip)


got

From Proto-Tai *koːtᴰ (“to hug; to embrace”). Cognate with Thai กอด (gɔ̀ɔt), Lao ກອດ (kǭt), Shan ၵွတ်ႇ (kàut).


bid

bid (Sawndip forms 䖩 or 𧏻, 1957–1982 spelling bid)


bet

From Proto-Tai *peːtᴰ (“eight”), from Middle Chinese 八 (pˠɛt̚, “eight”). Cognate with Thai แปด (bpɛ̀ɛt), Tai Dam ꪵꪜꪒ, Lao ແປດ (pǣt), Lü ᦶᦔᧆᧈ (ṗaed¹), Shan ပႅတ်ႇ (pèt), Tai Nüa ᥙᥦᥖᥱ (pǎet), Ahom 𑜆𑜢𑜄𑜫 (pit), Bouyei beedt. Doublet of bat.

cog

Lü ᦶᦔᧆᧈ (ṗaed¹)


bat

head

bat (Sawndip forms 朳 or 𥐙 or 鈸 or 叭 or 拔, 1957–1982 spelling bat)

朳 (Sawndip)
𥐙 (Sawndip)
鈸 (Sawndip)
叭 (Sawndip)
拔 (Sawndip)


bat

From Middle Chinese 八 (pˠɛt̚, “eight”). Doublet of bet.


sang

sang (Sawndip forms 𮪼 or 桑 or 𫶐 or 𱅷 or 丧 or 𭫌, 1957–1982 spelling saŋ)

𮪼 (Sawndip)
桑 (Sawndip)
𫶐 (Sawndip)
𱅷 (Sawndip)
丧 (Sawndip)
𭫌 (Sawndip)


saw

saw (Sawndip forms 𭨡 or 字 or 𰗂 or 𭓙 or 𰁈, 1957–1982 spelling səɯ)

𭨡 (Sawndip)
字 (Sawndip)
𰗂 (Sawndip)
𭓙 (Sawndip)
𰁈 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *sɯːᴬ (“writing; book”), from Middle Chinese 書 (MC syo, “writing; book”). Cognate with Lao ສື (sư̄), Thai สือ (sʉ̌ʉ).


saw

saw (Sawndip forms 𰝓 or ⿱西心 or 㳏, 1957–1982 spelling səɯ)

From Proto-Tai *saɰᴬ (“clear; clean”). Cognate with Thai ใส (sǎi), Northern Thai ᩈᩲ, Isan ใส, Lao ໃສ (sai), Lü ᦺᦉ (ṡay), Tai Dam ꪻꪎ, Shan သႂ် (sǎue), Tai Nüa ᥔᥬᥴ (sáue), Ahom 𑜏𑜧 (saw) or 𑜏𑜧𑜤 (sawu).

(of transparent objects, water, etc.) clear

(of liquids other than water) watery; thin


saw

saw (Sawndip forms 𰷙 or 賒, 1957–1982 spelling səɯ)


伝

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 云.


et

head

et (Sawndip form 𬖋, 1957–1982 spelling et)

steamed leaf-wrapped cake made of glutinous rice paste


rim

From Proto-Tai *k.temᴬ (“full”). Cognate with Thai เต็ม (dtem), Lao ເຕັມ (tem), Northern Thai ᨲᩮ᩠ᨾ, Lü ᦎᦲᧄ (ṫiim), Shan တဵမ် (tǎem), Nong Zhuang daem.


bag

bag (Sawndip forms 𭄄 or 擗 or 鐴 or 剥 or 𢫦 or 𪫮 or 扒 or 𰄙 or 𢫗 or ⿱拍刀 or 𠛋 or 𫥴 or ⿰扌劈 or 破, 1957–1982 spelling bag)

𭄄 (Sawndip)
擗 (Sawndip)
鐴 (Sawndip)
剥 (Sawndip)
𢫦 (Sawndip)
𪫮 (Sawndip)
扒 (Sawndip)
𰄙 (Sawndip)
𢫗 (Sawndip)
⿱拍刀 (Sawndip)
𠛋 (Sawndip)
𫥴 (Sawndip)
⿰扌劈 (Sawndip)
破 (Sawndip)


bag

bag (Sawndip forms 𭼈 or ⿸疒百 or 怕 or 剥, 1957–1982 spelling bag)

𭼈 (Sawndip)
⿸疒百 (Sawndip)
怕 (Sawndip)
剥 (Sawndip)


bag

mabag


rin

rin (Sawndip forms 𬒞 or 𰧄 or 𮀡 or 砛 or 𮀙 or ⿰石土 or ⿱石心 or 碒 or 磊 or ⿰石忍 or 𡊵 or ⿵门石 or 磌 or 鿬 or 䂩 or ⿱火䡛 or 䂝 or 𮀝 or 磷 or 碄 or 斫, 1957–1982 spelling rin)

𬒞 (Sawndip)
𰧄 (Sawndip)
𮀡 (Sawndip)
砛 (Sawndip)
𮀙 (Sawndip)
⿰石土 (Sawndip)
⿱石心 (Sawndip)
碒 (Sawndip)
磊 (Sawndip)
⿰石忍 (Sawndip)
𡊵 (Sawndip)
⿵门石 (Sawndip)
磌 (Sawndip)
鿬 (Sawndip)
䂩 (Sawndip)
⿱火䡛 (Sawndip)
䂝 (Sawndip)
𮀝 (Sawndip)
磷 (Sawndip)
碄 (Sawndip)
斫 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *triːlᴬ (“stone”); Cognate with Thai หิน (hǐn), Lao ຫີນ (hīn), Lü ᦠᦲᧃ (ḣiin), Shan ႁိၼ် (hǐn), Tai Nüa ᥞᥤᥢᥴ (hín), Ahom 𑜍𑜢𑜃𑜫 (rin), Saek หรี่น.


sin

sin (Sawndip form 辛, 1957–1982 spelling sin)


sap

sap (Sawndip form 𫊷, 1957–1982 spelling sap)

From Proto-Tai *saːpᴰ (“cockroach”). Cognate with Thai สาบ (sàap), Lao ສາບ (sāp), Shan သၢပ်ႇ (sàap), Bouyei saabt.


sap

to wear shoes with the heels stepping down on the back of the shoes


九

Sawndip form of gyaeuj (“head; headhair”)


bi

bi (Sawndip forms 𭯌 or 𭽨 or 𭙂, 1957–1982 spelling bi)

From Proto-Tai *piːᴬ (“year”). Cognate with Thai ปี (bpii), Northern Thai ᨸᩦ, Lao ປີ (pī), Lü ᦔᦲ (ṗii), Shan ပီ (pǐi), Tai Nüa ᥙᥤ (pi), Phake ပီ (pī), Ahom 𑜆𑜣 (pī), Bouyei bil.


bi

(intransitive) to swing; to sway; to rock


bo

bo (Sawndip forms 𡏋 or 圤 or 坡 or 𫭝, 1957–1982 spelling bo)

𡏋 (Sawndip)
圤 (Sawndip)
坡 (Sawndip)
𫭝 (Sawndip)


san

From Proto-Tai *saːn. Cognate with Thai สาน (sǎan), Northern Thai ᩈᩣ᩠ᨶ, Lao ສານ (sān), Lü ᦉᦱᧃ (ṡaan), Khün ᩈᩣ᩠ᨶ, Shan သၢၼ် (sǎan), Ahom 𑜏𑜃𑜫 (san).


go

male relative outside of one's nuclear family, of the same generation, and older than oneself; brother-in-law or cousin


go

Used sentence-finally to express certainty or decisiveness.


倱

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːnʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 昆 (OC *kuːn)


侅

Sawndip form of ae (“classifier used for adult men”)


白

Sawndip form of baeg (“to be tired; to gasp”)


减

Sawndip form of gemj (“cheek (of face)”)


凟

Sawndip form of nduk (“rotten; vicious”)


佛

Sawndip form of baed (“Buddha; shrine; spirit; god”)


咛

Sawndip form of ningq (“small; young (as a child)”)


吪

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋʷaːl): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls)


喑

Sawndip form of imq (“to be full; to be satiated”)


嗄

Alternative form of 𬮤 (“Sawndip form of haep”)


妸

Sawndip form of a (“particle used to express question”)


岜

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 巴.


崬

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 東


怉

Sawndip form of baeu (“to hold in arms; to embrace; to hug”)


安

Alternative form of 𬻹 (“Sawndip form of aen”)


憶

Sawndip form of aek (“chest; breast; thorax”)


氪

Sawndip form of gaek (“to become angry; to get upset”)


沋

Sawndip form of youz (“oil; fat; grease”)


汏

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːds, *tʰaːd): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 大 (OC *daːds, *daːds)


浢

Sawndip form of daeuh (“seaweed, algae”)


浢

Sawndip form of daeuh (“green (as seaweed or algae)”)


犸

(less common) Sawndip form of max (“horse”)


玖

Sawndip form of gyaeuj (“head; headhair”)


疜

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 下 (OC *ɡraːʔ, *ɡraːs)

Sawndip form of raq (“disease, pestilence, plague”)


胇

Sawndip form of baed (“pupil (of the eye)”)


胬

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): phonetic 奴 (OC *naː) + semantic 肉 (“meat”)


ha

Used at the end of a sentence to express an imperative.

Used at the end of a question used as a retort.


ha

head

ha (Sawndip form 𢩹, 1957–1982 spelling ha)

(dialectal) to intimidate; to threaten; to bully


迟

Alternative form of ⿺辶𡰪 (“Sawndip form of diz (“to carry on one's back”)”)


鴓

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mbliːɡ): phonetic 必 (OC *pliɡ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”)


ga

head

ga (Sawndip forms 𮛑 or 胩 or 跏 or 軻, 1957–1982 spelling ga)

𮛑 (Sawndip)
胩 (Sawndip)
跏 (Sawndip)
軻 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *p.qaːᴬ (“leg”). Cognate with Thai ขา (kǎa), Northern Thai ᨡᩣ, Lao ຂາ (khā), Lü ᦃᦱ (ẋaa), Shan ၶႃ (khǎa), Tai Nüa ᥑᥣᥴ (xáa), Ahom 𑜁𑜡 (khā), Bouyei gal.


ga

quarter of (a butchered four-legged animal)

one of a pair of long, thin objects (shoes, socks, gloves, chopsticks, etc.)


ra

From Proto-Tai *p.taːᴬ (“eye”). See da for more.


ra

ra (Sawndip forms 𫽋 or 𥅂 or ⿱彐拉 or 逻 or 啰 or ⿱找下 or 拉 or 而 or ⿰目找, 1957–1982 spelling ra)

𫽋 (Sawndip)
𥅂 (Sawndip)
⿱彐拉 (Sawndip)
逻 (Sawndip)
啰 (Sawndip)
⿱找下 (Sawndip)
拉 (Sawndip)
而 (Sawndip)
⿰目找 (Sawndip)


soh

From Proto-Tai *zɤːᴮ (“straight”). Cognate with Thai ซื่อ (sʉ̂ʉ), Northern Thai ᨪᩨ᩵, Khün ᨪᩨ᩵, Isan ซื่อ or ซือ, Lao ຊື່ (sư̄), Lü ᦌᦹᧈ (sue¹), Tai Dam ꪏꪳ꪿, Shan သိုဝ်ႈ (sūe), Tai Nüa ᥔᥪ (sue), Ahom 𑜏𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (süw), Nong Zhuang swh.

cog

Thai ซื่อ (sʉ̂ʉ)


si

Nanzningz Si


dem

head

dem (Sawndip form 𣷹, 1957–1982 spelling dem)


na (Sawndip forms 𭆗 or 那 or 𭡇 or 𦀨, 1957–1982 spelling na)

𭆗 (Sawndip)
那 (Sawndip)
𭡇 (Sawndip)
𦀨 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰnaːᴬ (“thick”). Cognate with Thai หนา (nǎa), Lao ໜາ (nā), Lü ᦐᦱ (ṅaa), Shan ၼႃ (nǎa), Ahom 𑜃𑜡 (nā), Bouyei nal.

thick (with opposite surfaces far apart)


lik

From Proto-Tai *ʰlekᴰ (“iron”), from Old Chinese 鐵 (OC *l̥ʰiːɡ, “iron”). Cognate with Thai เหล็ก (lèk), Lao ເຫຼັກ (lek), Shan လဵၵ်း (láek), Lü ᦵᦜᧅ (l̇ek), Tai Nüa ᥘᥥᥐᥱ (lěk), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜀𑜫 (lik), Nong Zhuang liak. Doublet of diet.


hai

hai (Sawndip forms 𢵱 or 亥 or 海 or 𰿿, 1957–1982 spelling hai)

𢵱 (Sawndip)
亥 (Sawndip)
海 (Sawndip)
𰿿 (Sawndip)


sik

sik (Sawndip forms ⿰手昔 or ⿰扌息 or 息 or 昔 or ⿰口夕 or 夕 or 啐 or 措 or 石, 1957–1982 spelling sik)

⿰手昔 (Sawndip)
⿰扌息 (Sawndip)
息 (Sawndip)
昔 (Sawndip)
⿰口夕 (Sawndip)
夕 (Sawndip)
啐 (Sawndip)
措 (Sawndip)
石 (Sawndip)


gig

gig (Sawndip form 亟, 1957–1982 spelling gig)


nou

nou (Sawndip forms 狃 or 𮮬 or 𧉭, 1957–1982 spelling nou)

From Proto-Tai *ʰnuːᴬ (“mouse; rat”). Cognate with Thai หนู (nǔu), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨶᩪ, Lao ໜູ (nū), Lü ᦐᦴ (ṅuu), Tai Dam ꪘꪴ, Shan ၼူ (nǔu), Saek หนู่.


cup

cup (Sawndip forms ⿱吻十 or 㗩 or 𱃨 or 習 or 哫 or 𫺿, 1957–1982 spelling cup)

⿱吻十 (Sawndip)
㗩 (Sawndip)
𱃨 (Sawndip)
習 (Sawndip)
哫 (Sawndip)
𫺿 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *cuːpᴰ (“to kiss”). Cognate with Thai จูบ (jùup), Lao ຈູບ (chūp), Shan ၸုပ်ႇ (tsùp).


da

da (Sawndip forms 𥅂 or 𭾚 or 𰥗 or 𰥎 or 𠯈 or 他 or 哆 or 打, 1957–1982 spelling da)

𥅂 (Sawndip)
𭾚 (Sawndip)
𰥗 (Sawndip)
𰥎 (Sawndip)
𠯈 (Sawndip)
他 (Sawndip)
哆 (Sawndip)
打 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *p.taːᴬ (“eye”). Cognate with Thai ตา (dtaa), Northern Thai ᨲᩣ, Lao ຕາ (tā), Lü ᦎᦱ (ṫaa), Tai Dam ꪔꪱ, Shan တႃ (tǎa), Aiton တႃ (tā), Ahom 𑜄𑜠 (ta) or 𑜄𑜡 (tā), Bouyei dal. Compare Old Chinese 睹 (*taːʔ, “to see”).

joint; knot; node (in a stem or branch of a plant)


da

section of (a stem, demarcated by nodes in the stem)


da

da (Sawndip forms 𭖯 or 㐲 or 𰁫 or ⿰老他 or ⿰口夛 or 他 or 她 or 大, 1957–1982 spelling da)

𭖯 (Sawndip)
㐲 (Sawndip)
𰁫 (Sawndip)
⿰老他 (Sawndip)
⿰口夛 (Sawndip)
他 (Sawndip)
她 (Sawndip)
大 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *taːᴬ (“maternal grandfather”). Cognate with Thai ตา (dtaa), Lao ຕາ (tā), Lü ᦎᦱ (ṫaa), Shan တႃ (tǎa), Bouyei dal.

inh

maternal grandfather
maternal grandfather


sai

head

sai (Sawndip forms 𪟞 or 仔 or 哉 or 腮 or 偲, 1957–1982 spelling sai)

𪟞 (Sawndip)
仔 (Sawndip)
哉 (Sawndip)
腮 (Sawndip)
偲 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʑaːjᴬ (“male”). Cognate with Thai ชาย (chaai), Northern Thai ᨩᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ຊາຍ (sāi), Lü ᦋᦻ (tsaay), Shan ၸၢႆး (tsáai), Tai Nüa ᥓᥣᥭᥰ (tsäay), Ahom 𑜋𑜩 (chay).


sai

sai (Sawndip forms 𧛷 or 緦 or 腮 or 哉 or 𬗹 or 彩, 1957–1982 spelling sai)

𧛷 (Sawndip)
緦 (Sawndip)
腮 (Sawndip)
哉 (Sawndip)
𬗹 (Sawndip)
彩 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *saːjᴬ (“cord; string”). Cognate with Thai สาย (sǎai), Lao ສາຍ (sāi).


sai

sai (Sawndip forms 浉 or 筛, 1957–1982 spelling sai)


sai

sai (Sawndip form 浉, 1957–1982 spelling sai)


sai

sai (Sawndip forms 㩙 or 师, 1957–1982 spelling sai)


sai

sai (Sawndip form 𡧳, 1957–1982 spelling sai)


di

di (Sawndip form 的, 1957–1982 spelling di)

Compare Cantonese 啲 (di1, “a few; a bit”).


ek

ek (Sawndip forms 兀 or 𰠪 or 枙 or 𣐎, 1957–1982 spelling ek)

兀 (Sawndip)
𰠪 (Sawndip)
枙 (Sawndip)
𣐎 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʔeːkᴰ (“yoke”), from Middle Chinese 軛 (MC 'eak, “yoke”). Cognate with Thai แอก (ɛ̀ɛk), Lao ແອກ (ʼǣk), Tai Dam ꪵꪮꪀ, Shan ဢႅၵ်ႇ (ʼèk), Ahom 𑜒𑜢𑜀𑜫 (ʼik).

cog

Shan ဢႅၵ်ႇ (ʼèk)


diet

From Chinese 鐵 (MC thet). Doublet of lek and lik.


gai

head

gai (Sawndip form 街, 1957–1982 spelling gai)

From Chinese 街 (MC kea|keaj, “street”). Cognate with Bouyei gaail and Tày cai. Compare Cantonese 街 (gaai1).


gai

gai (Sawndip forms 𰷔 or ⿰改賣 or ⿰賣亥 or 皆 or 該 or 开 or 𬻦 or ⿱夫⿰丿丨 or ⿰出卖 or ⿰卖该 or ⿲丶开丶, 1957–1982 spelling gai)

𰷔 (Sawndip)
⿰改賣 (Sawndip)
⿰賣亥 (Sawndip)
皆 (Sawndip)
該 (Sawndip)
开 (Sawndip)
𬻦 (Sawndip)
⿱夫⿰丿丨 (Sawndip)
⿰出卖 (Sawndip)
⿰卖该 (Sawndip)
⿲丶开丶 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *p.qaːjᴬ (“to sell”). Cognate with Thai ขาย (kǎai), Northern Thai ᨡᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ຂາຍ (khāi), Lü ᦃᦻ (ẋaay), Tai Dam ꪄꪱꪥ, Shan ၶၢႆ (khǎai), Ahom 𑜁𑜩 (khay), Bouyei gaail. Compare Proto-Kam-Sui *kwe¹ (“to sell”) (whence Sui beel).


lab

lab (Sawndip forms 曪 or 腊, 1957–1982 spelling lab)


sa

sa (Sawndip form 砟, 1957–1982 spelling sa)


cou

cou (Sawndip form ⿱日召, 1957–1982 spelling cou)


fax

fax (Sawndip forms 𭱇 or 𫯨 or 𪥉, 1957–1982 spelling faч)

From Proto-Tai *vaːꟲ (“sky; weather”). Cognate with Thai ฟ้า (fáa), Northern Thai ᨼ᩶ᩣ, Lao ຟ້າ (fā), Lü ᦝᦱᧉ (faa²), Shan ၽႃႉ (phâ̰a) or ၾႃႉ (fâ̰a), Ahom 𑜇𑜠 (pha), 𑜇𑜡 (phā), 𑜇𑜨𑜠 (phoa), 𑜇𑜨𑜡 (phoā) or 𑜇𑜞𑜠 (phra).


din

din (Sawndip forms 䟓 or 𬻚 or 𭴀 or 丁 or 𮛷 or 𧿬 or 䠄 or 𦘭 or 伩 or 𱓂, 1957–1982 spelling din)

䟓 (Sawndip)
𬻚 (Sawndip)
𭴀 (Sawndip)
丁 (Sawndip)
𮛷 (Sawndip)
𧿬 (Sawndip)
䠄 (Sawndip)
𦘭 (Sawndip)
伩 (Sawndip)
𱓂 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *tiːnᴬ (“foot”). Cognate with Thai ตีน (dtiin), Lao ຕີນ (tīn), Lü ᦎᦲᧃ (ṫiin), Shan တိၼ် (tǐn), Ahom 𑜄𑜢𑜃𑜫 (tin), Bouyei dinl.


lo

Gajlaeng Cangqdiq naeuz: “Rongh!” Yiengq couh doq miz rongh lo.

2016, Gij Baujcingq Moq Caeuq Geij Bonj Gij Baujcingq Daeuzdaeuz [The New Testament with A Few Books of the Old Testament], Hong Kong: New Bridge Publishing Company Limited, →ISBN, Lizsij dih Gaihcij [Genesis] 1:3:

And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.

Used at the end of a sentence to indicate a change of state or a new situation.

Used at the end of a sentence to express affirmation or conclusiveness.


lo

lo (Sawndip form ⿰女卢, 1957–1982 spelling lo)


lo

lo (Sawndip form ⿰口卢, 1957–1982 spelling lo)


va

va (Sawndip forms 椛 or 𦭈, 1957–1982 spelling va)


baz

baz (Sawndip forms ⿰手巴 or 把, 1957–1982 spelling baƨ)


baz

baz (Sawndip form 𰃟, 1957–1982 spelling baƨ)


baz

baz (Sawndip forms 妑 or 𡚭, 1957–1982 spelling baƨ)


ok

ok (Sawndip forms 𭃀 or ⿰出悪 or 𫫇 or 恶 or 𫫇 or 𫥫 or 屋 or 跒 or ⿰出屋 or 喔 or 𡁮 or 沃, 1957–1982 spelling ok)

𭃀 (Sawndip)
⿰出悪 (Sawndip)
𫫇 (Sawndip)
恶 (Sawndip)
𫥫 (Sawndip)
屋 (Sawndip)
跒 (Sawndip)
⿰出屋 (Sawndip)
喔 (Sawndip)
𡁮 (Sawndip)
沃 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʔoːkᴰ (“to exit”). Cognate with Thai ออก (ɔ̀ɔk), Northern Thai ᩋᩬᨠ, Lao ອອກ (ʼǭk), Lü ᦀᦸᧅᧈ (˙ʼoak¹), Shan ဢွၵ်ႇ (ʼàuk), Ahom 𑜒𑜨𑜀𑜫 (ʼok). Perhaps related to Chinese 屙 (ē).

cog

Lü ᦀᦸᧅᧈ (˙ʼoak¹)

ok ranz

to present; to put forth; to raise; to pose


ma

head

ma (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 𬌫 or 獁 or 𬍄 or 𰡪 or 䭾 or 庅 or 犸 or 𭸱, 1957–1982 spelling ma)

duz (classifier)
𬌫 (Sawndip)
獁 (Sawndip)
𬍄 (Sawndip)
𰡪 (Sawndip)
䭾 (Sawndip)
庅 (Sawndip)
犸 (Sawndip)
𭸱 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“dog”). Cognate with
Thai หมา (mǎa),
Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ,
Lao ໝາ (mā),
Lü ᦖᦱ (ṁaa),
Tai Dam ꪢꪱ,
Shan မႃ (mǎa),
Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥴ (máa),
Aiton မႃ (mā),
Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma),
Saek หม่า.


ma

ma (Sawndip forms 庲 or ⿸广末 or 么 or 麻 or ⿸广处 or 𮜃 or ⿰么馬 or ⿰㐅馬 or 𫹞 or 駡, 1957–1982 spelling ma)

庲 (Sawndip)
⿸广末 (Sawndip)
么 (Sawndip)
麻 (Sawndip)
⿸广处 (Sawndip)
𮜃 (Sawndip)
⿰么馬 (Sawndip)
⿰㐅馬 (Sawndip)
𫹞 (Sawndip)
駡 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“to come”). Cognate with
Thai มา (maa),
Northern Thai ᨾᩣ (ma),
Lao ມາ (mā),
Lü ᦙᦱ (maa),
Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥰ (mäa),
Shan မႃး (máa),
Aiton မႃ (mā),
Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma) or
𑜉𑜡 (mā) or
𑜉𑜡𑜠 (māa).


haw

haw (Sawndip forms 𰁴 or 𫣞 or ⿰土黑, 1957–1982 spelling həɯ)


sou

sou (Sawndip forms 𠈅 or 修 or 收 or 苏 or 唆 or 数 or 𠉑 or 叟 or 傃, 1957–1982 spelling sou)

𠈅 (Sawndip)
修 (Sawndip)
收 (Sawndip)
苏 (Sawndip)
唆 (Sawndip)
数 (Sawndip)
𠉑 (Sawndip)
叟 (Sawndip)
傃 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *suːᴬ (“you (plural)”) (whence Thai สู (sǔu), Northern Thai ᩈᩪ, Isan สู, Lao ສູ (sū), Lü ᦉᦴ (ṡuu), Tai Dam ꪎꪴ, Shan သူ (sǔu), Tai Nüa ᥔᥧᥴ (sú), Ahom 𑜏𑜥 (sū)).


cam

head

cam (Sawndip forms 𰇼 or 𭆻 or 𭈧 or 𠮿 or 仨 or 𮞁, 1957–1982 spelling cam)

𰇼 (Sawndip)
𭆻 (Sawndip)
𭈧 (Sawndip)
𠮿 (Sawndip)
仨 (Sawndip)
𮞁 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *c.raːmᴬ (“to ask”). Cognate with Thai ถาม (tǎam), Northern Thai ᨳᩣ᩠ᨾ, Lao ຖາມ (thām), Lü ᦏᦱᧄ (ṫhaam), Shan ထၢမ် (thǎam), Ahom 𑜌𑜪 (thaṃ), 𑜌𑜉𑜫 (tham) or 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜉𑜫 (thüm), Saek ถ่าม.


nag

nag (Sawndip forms 𤜽 or 纳 or 𭸐 or 𭸢 or 那, 1957–1982 spelling nag)

𤜽 (Sawndip)
纳 (Sawndip)
𭸐 (Sawndip)
𭸢 (Sawndip)
那 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *naːkᴰ (“otter”). Cognate with Thai นาก (nâak), Lao ນາກ (nāk), Tai Dam ꪙꪱꪀ, Tày nạc, Ahom 𑜃𑜀𑜫 (nak).


rag

From Proto-Tai *C̬.raːkᴰ (“root”). Cognate with Thai ราก (râak), Northern Thai ᩁᩣ᩠ᨠ, Khün ᩁᩣ᩠ᨠ, Lao ຮາກ (hāk), Lü ᦣᦱᧅ (haak), Tai Dam ꪭꪱꪀ, Shan ႁၢၵ်ႈ (hāak), Ahom 𑜍𑜀𑜫 (rak), Nong Zhuang laeg, Zuojiang Zhuang lag, Saek ร̄าก.


rag

From Proto-Tai *C̬.laːkᴰ (“to pull; to drag”). Cognate with Thai ลาก (lâak), Lao ລາກ (lāk), Shan လၢၵ်ႈ (lāak), Ahom 𑜎𑜀𑜫 (lak), Nong Zhuang laeg, Zuojiang Zhuang lag.


dai

head

dai (Sawndip forms 𬆗 or 殆 or 𰭩 or ⿰歹太 or 歹 or 台 or 𪱜 or 胎 or ⿰死台 or 𱥎, 1957–1982 spelling dai)

𬆗 (Sawndip)
殆 (Sawndip)
𰭩 (Sawndip)
⿰歹太 (Sawndip)
歹 (Sawndip)
台 (Sawndip)
𪱜 (Sawndip)
胎 (Sawndip)
⿰死台 (Sawndip)
𱥎 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *p.taːjᴬ (“to die”). Cognate with Bouyei daail, Thai ตาย (dtaai), Lao ຕາຍ (tāi), Lü ᦎᦻ (ṫaay), Tai Dam ꪔꪱꪥ, Shan တၢႆ (tǎai), Tai Nüa ᥖᥣᥭ (taay), Ahom 𑜄𑜩 (tay).


meh

meh (Sawndip forms 𭑫 or 姆 or 𫰤 or 𭒛 or 㜆, 1957–1982 spelling meƅ)

𭑫 (Sawndip)
姆 (Sawndip)
𫰤 (Sawndip)
𭒛 (Sawndip)
㜆 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *meːᴮ (“mother”). Cognate with Thai แม่ (mɛ̂ɛ), Northern Thai ᨾᩯ᩵, Lao ແມ່ (mǣ), Lü ᦶᦙᧈ (mae¹), Shan မႄႈ (māae), Ahom 𑜉𑜦𑜧 (mē), Bouyei meeh.


meh

Used for adult women who have given birth.

Used for female animals that have given birth or laid eggs.


aux

aux (Sawndip forms 䶸 or 噢, 1957–1982 spelling auч)


lai

lai (Sawndip forms 𫯓 or 來 or 𡥧 or 𡃤, 1957–1982 spelling lai)

𫯓 (Sawndip)
來 (Sawndip)
𡥧 (Sawndip)
𡃤 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰlaːjᴬ (“many; much”), from Old Chinese 多 (OC *[t.l]ˤaj) (B-S). Cognate with Thai หลาย (lǎai), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᩃᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ຫຼາຍ (lāi), Lü ᦜᦻ (l̇aay), Khün ᩉ᩠ᩃᩣ᩠ᨿ, Shan လၢႆ (lǎai), Bouyei laail, Saek หล่าย. Compare Jizhao laːi²¹.


moz

moz (Sawndip forms 𭷱 or 磨 or 𬌫 or 獏, 1957–1982 spelling moƨ)

𭷱 (Sawndip)
磨 (Sawndip)
𬌫 (Sawndip)
獏 (Sawndip)


yah

yah (Sawndip forms 𫰈 or 𫰎 or 下 or 𡟺 or 𭑧 or 𫰫 or 吓, 1957–1982 spelling yaƅ)

𫰈 (Sawndip)
𫰎 (Sawndip)
下 (Sawndip)
𡟺 (Sawndip)
𭑧 (Sawndip)
𫰫 (Sawndip)
吓 (Sawndip)


aj

aj (Sawndip forms 吖 or 哑 or 𮤴 or 呵 or 㕶, 1957–1982 spelling aз)

吖 (Sawndip)
哑 (Sawndip)
𮤴 (Sawndip)
呵 (Sawndip)
㕶 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʔaːꟲ (“to open (the mouth)”). Cognate with Thai อ้า (âa).


max

max (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 馬 or 马 or 獁 or 𮜃, 1957–1982 spelling maч)

duz (classifier)
馬 (Sawndip)
马 (Sawndip)
獁 (Sawndip)
𮜃 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *maːꟲ (“horse”), from Middle Chinese 馬 (MC maeX). Cognate with Thai ม้า (máa), Northern Thai ᨾ᩶ᩣ, Lao ມ້າ (mā), Lü ᦙᦱᧉ (maa²), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥳ (mȧa), Shan မႃႉ (mâ̰a), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma), 𑜉𑜡 (mā) or 𑜉𑜡𑜠 (māa).


lek

From Proto-Tai *ʰlekᴰ (“iron”), from Old Chinese 鐵 (OC *l̥ʰiːɡ, “iron”). Cognate with Thai เหล็ก (lèk), Lao ເຫຼັກ (lek), Shan လဵၵ်း (láek), Lü ᦵᦜᧅ (l̇ek), Tai Nüa ᥘᥥᥐᥱ (lěk), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜀𑜫 (lik), Nong Zhuang liak. Doublet of diet.


hong

hong (Sawndip forms 𰏊 or ⿱功大 or 慌 or ⿰工空 or ⿱红工 or 啌 or 空 or 康 or 𭘎 or ⿱䒑巷 or 控, 1957–1982 spelling hoŋ)

𰏊 (Sawndip)
⿱功大 (Sawndip)
慌 (Sawndip)
⿰工空 (Sawndip)
⿱红工 (Sawndip)
啌 (Sawndip)
空 (Sawndip)
康 (Sawndip)
𭘎 (Sawndip)
⿱䒑巷 (Sawndip)
控 (Sawndip)


hong

From Proto-Tai *χɔːŋᴬ (“thing”). Cognate with Thai ของ (kɔ̌ɔng), Northern Thai ᨡᩬᨦ, Lao ຂອງ (khǭng), Lü ᦃᦸᧂ (ẋoang), Tai Dam ꪄꪮꪉ, Shan ၶွင် (khǎung), Zuojiang Zhuang kong.


dah

dah (Sawndip forms 汏 or 㳠 or 𭰃 or 他 or 驮 or 𭯾 or ⿲氵马犬 or 䭾, 1957–1982 spelling daƅ)

汏 (Sawndip)
㳠 (Sawndip)
𭰃 (Sawndip)
他 (Sawndip)
驮 (Sawndip)
𭯾 (Sawndip)
⿲氵马犬 (Sawndip)
䭾 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *daːᴮ (“river”). Cognate with Thai ท่า (tâa, “pier”), Lao ທ່າ (thā, “pier”), Lü ᦑᦱᧈ (taa¹, “pier”), Shan တႃႈ (tāa, “pier; shallow place in water”).


dah

head

dah (Sawndip forms 𡚻 or 𰌄 or 𫰋 or 驮 or 妖, 1957–1982 spelling daƅ)

𡚻 (Sawndip)
𰌄 (Sawndip)
𫰋 (Sawndip)
驮 (Sawndip)
妖 (Sawndip)


rib

rib (Sawndip forms 𭻎 or 𭶫, 1957–1982 spelling rib)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.lepᴰ (“fingernail; toenail”). Cognate with Thai เล็บ (lép), Lao ເລັບ (lep), Shan ၼဵပ်ႉ (nâ̰ep), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜆𑜫 (lip), Saek หลี้บ.


danci

/taːn˨˦ ɕi˨˦/


Gun

head

Gun (Sawndip forms 倱 or 軍 or 倌, 1957–1982 spelling Gun)


rog

guekrog


sam

From Proto-Tai *saːm (“three”), from Middle Chinese 三 (MC sam, “three”). Cognate with Thai สาม (sǎam), Northern Thai ᩈᩣ᩠ᨾ, Lao ສາມ (sām), Lü ᦉᦱᧄ (ṡaam), Tai Dam ꪎꪱꪣ, Shan သၢမ် (sǎam), Tai Nüa ᥔᥣᥛᥴ (sáam), Ahom 𑜏𑜪 (saṃ), Bouyei saaml.


boh

boh (Sawndip forms 𠇑 or 佈 or 扶 or 仆 or 卜 or 𭶺 or ⿱父坡, 1957–1982 spelling boƅ)

𠇑 (Sawndip)
佈 (Sawndip)
扶 (Sawndip)
仆 (Sawndip)
卜 (Sawndip)
𭶺 (Sawndip)
⿱父坡 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *boːᴮ (“father”). Cognate with Thai พ่อ (pɔ̂ɔ), Northern Thai ᨻᩬᩴ᩵, Southern Thai ผอ, Lao ພໍ່ (phǭ), Lü ᦗᦸᧈ (poa¹), Shan ပေႃႈ (pāu), Aiton ပေႃ (pō), Ahom 𑜆𑜦𑜡 (pō) or 𑜆𑜨𑜦𑜡 (pwō), Bouyei boh, Saek ผ้อ.


ien

ien (classifier go, 1957–1982 spelling ien)

ien (classifier ci, 1957–1982 spelling ien)


bing

bing (Sawndip forms 𮔐 or ⿰虫乒, 1957–1982 spelling biŋ)

From Proto-Tai *pliːŋᴬ (“aquatic leech”). Cognate with Thai ปลิง (bpling), Lao ປີງ (pīng), Lü ᦔᦲᧂ (ṗiing), Shan ပိင် (pǐng).


bing

bing (Sawndip form 㑂, 1957–1982 spelling biŋ)


hau

From Proto-Tai *xaːwᴬ (“white”). Cognate with Thai ขาว (kǎao), Northern Thai ᨡᩣ᩠ᩅ, Lao ຂາວ (khāo), Lü ᦃᦱᧁ (ẋaaw), Tai Dam ꪄꪱꪫ, Shan ၶၢဝ် (khǎao), Tai Nüa ᥑᥣᥝᥴ (xáaw), Ahom 𑜁𑜧 (khaw) or 𑜁𑜧𑜨 (khawo), Bouyei haaul, Saek ห่าว.


sau

sau (Sawndip forms 娋 or 㜖 or 𡠻 or 俏 or 𫰴, 1957–1982 spelling sau)

娋 (Sawndip)
㜖 (Sawndip)
𡠻 (Sawndip)
俏 (Sawndip)
𫰴 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *saːwᴬ (“unmarried woman”). Cognate with Thai สาว (sǎao), Lao ສາວ (sāo), Lü ᦉᦱᧁ (ṡaaw), Tai Nüa ᥔᥣᥝᥲ (sàaw), Shan သၢဝ် (sǎao), Ahom 𑜏𑜧 (saw), 𑜏𑜨𑜧 (sow), 𑜏𑜧𑜤 (sawu), 𑜏𑜧𑜈𑜫 (saww), or 𑜏𑜦𑜡 (sō).


viz

viz (Sawndip forms 𰆔 or 𱂀 or 韦 or 偉, 1957–1982 spelling viƨ)

𰆔 (Sawndip)
𱂀 (Sawndip)
韦 (Sawndip)
偉 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɣwajᴬ (“penis”). Cognate with Thai ควย (kuai), Lü ᦩᦾ (xwoay), Shan ၵႂႆး (kwái), Ahom 𑜁𑜨𑜩 (khoy).


viz

viz (Sawndip form 𬕅, 1957–1982 spelling viƨ)


ep

ep (Sawndip forms 𫪼 or 拍, 1957–1982 spelling ep)

From Chinese 壓 (MC 'aep). Compare Vietnamese ép.


gen

From Proto-Tai *qeːnᴬ (“arm”). Cognate with Thai แขน (kɛ̌ɛn), Northern Thai ᨡᩯ᩠ᨶ, Lao ແຂນ (khǣn), Lü ᦶᦃᧃ (ẋaen), Tai Dam ꪵꪄꪙ, Shan ၶႅၼ် (khěn).


a

𮬨 (Sawndip)
鵶 (Sawndip)
⿰下鳥 (Sawndip)
蚜 (Sawndip)


ej

ej (Sawndip forms ⿰韋倚 or ⿱丄一, 1957–1982 spelling eз)


duh

duh (Sawndip forms 𭎞 or 荳 or 垜 or 𰶠, 1957–1982 spelling duƅ)

𭎞 (Sawndip)
荳 (Sawndip)
垜 (Sawndip)
𰶠 (Sawndip)


duh

duh (Sawndip forms 途 or 度, 1957–1982 spelling duƅ)

of; 's (possessive marker, placed before the possessor)


boi

boi (Sawndip form 盃, 1957–1982 spelling boi)


ding

ding (Sawndip form 丁, 1957–1982 spelling diŋ)


ae

ae (Sawndip forms 侅 or ⿰亻界 or 𠲖, 1957–1982 spelling əi)


ae

ae (Sawndip forms 痎 or 𧙜 or 𠲖 or 哎, 1957–1982 spelling əi)

痎 (Sawndip)
𧙜 (Sawndip)
𠲖 (Sawndip)
哎 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʔajᴬ (“to cough”). Cognate with Thai ไอ (ai), Northern Thai ᩋᩱ, Lao ໄອ (ʼai), Lü ᦺᦀ (˙ʼay), Shan ဢႆ (ʼǎi), Tai Nüa ᥟᥭ (ʼay), Aiton ဢႝ (ʼay), Ahom 𑜒𑜩 (ʼay), Saek ไอ๋.

cog

Lü ᦺᦀ (˙ʼay)


bak

head

bak (Sawndip forms 咟 or 㕷 or 北 or 𫩡 or 拍 or 剥 or 𠺣 or 吧, 1957–1982 spelling bak)

咟 (Sawndip)
㕷 (Sawndip)
北 (Sawndip)
𫩡 (Sawndip)
拍 (Sawndip)
剥 (Sawndip)
𠺣 (Sawndip)
吧 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *paːkᴰ (“mouth”). Cognate with Thai ปาก (bpàak), Northern Thai ᨸᩣ᩠ᨠ, Lao ປາກ (pāk), Shan ပၢၵ်ႇ (pàak), Ahom 𑜆𑜀𑜫 (pak), Saek ป̄าก. Compare Southern Kam bags (“mouth”), Proto-Be *ɓaːkᴰ¹ (“mouth”) (whence ɓak⁷ in modern lects). Compare also Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqbaq (whence Cebuano baba, Eastern Cham ꨚꨝꩍ (pabah), Hawaiian vaha).

account of or response to a particular issue


Liz

From Mandarin 黎 (Lí), 梨 (Lí), or 犁 (Lí).


dou

dou (Sawndip forms 杜 or 都 or 头, 1957–1982 spelling dou)


dou

dou (Sawndip forms 𫔯 or 都 or 偷, 1957–1982 spelling dou)

From Proto-Tai *tuːᴬ (“door”). Compare Thai ประตู (bprà-dtuu).

hai dou


hoz

hoz (Sawndip forms 䏩 or 何 or 胢 or 𭨸 or 𣍻 or 胡 or 𦙶, 1957–1982 spelling hoƨ)

䏩 (Sawndip)
何 (Sawndip)
胢 (Sawndip)
𭨸 (Sawndip)
𣍻 (Sawndip)
胡 (Sawndip)
𦙶 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɣoːᴬ (“neck”), from Middle Chinese 喉 (MC huw, “larynx; throat”). Cognate with Thai คอ (kɔɔ), Northern Thai ᨤᩬᩴ, Khün ᨤᩳ, Lao ຄໍ (khǭ), Tai Dam ꪁꪷ, Shan ၶေႃး (kháu), Tai Nüa ᥑᥨᥝᥰ (xöw), Phake ၵေႃ (khō), Ahom 𑜁𑜦𑜡 (khō) or 𑜁𑜞𑜦𑜡 (khrō), Saek กฺ๊อ.

neck (of an object); narrow and long part of an object


doek

doek (Sawndip forms 𬻨 or 笠 or 托 or 得 or 獨 or 堕 or 𰜺 or 𭰚 or 𮒏 or 岳 or 𢟎 or 𭢥 or 独 or ⿺失独 or ⿱入独 or ⿱不独 or ⿱穴独 or 𥫫 or ⿰亻独, 1957–1982 spelling dɵk)

𬻨 (Sawndip)
笠 (Sawndip)
托 (Sawndip)
得 (Sawndip)
獨 (Sawndip)
堕 (Sawndip)
𰜺 (Sawndip)
𭰚 (Sawndip)
𮒏 (Sawndip)
岳 (Sawndip)
𢟎 (Sawndip)
𭢥 (Sawndip)
独 (Sawndip)
⿺失独 (Sawndip)
⿱入独 (Sawndip)
⿱不独 (Sawndip)
⿱穴独 (Sawndip)
𥫫 (Sawndip)
⿰亻独 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *tokᴰ (“to drop”). Cognate with Thai ตก (dtòk), Lao ຕົກ (tok), Lü ᦷᦎᧅ (ṫok), Shan တူၵ်း (túuk), Ahom 𑜄𑜤𑜀𑜫 (tuk), Bouyei dogt.

cog

Lü ᦷᦎᧅ (ṫok)


biz

head

biz (Sawndip forms 𰮿 or 䏢 or 䏟 or 𭽮 or ⿱比肥 or ⿰𦟋皮 or 胚, 1957–1982 spelling biƨ)

𰮿 (Sawndip)
䏢 (Sawndip)
䏟 (Sawndip)
𭽮 (Sawndip)
⿱比肥 (Sawndip)
⿰𦟋皮 (Sawndip)
胚 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *bwiːᴬ (“fat”), from Middle Chinese 肥 (MC bj+j, “fat”). Cognate with Thai พี (pii), Lao ພີ (phī), Lü ᦗᦲ (pii), Shan ပီး (píi), Ahom 𑜆𑜣 (pī).


heu

heu (Sawndip forms 𫇯 or 𮧃 or 𬰗 or 靘 or ⿳吅且吅 or 夭 or ⿺色丢 or ⿺色求 or ⿺色青 or 𬮬 or ⿵门清 or 𬁷 or ⿰告青 or ⿰虫好 or 䒵 or ⿰青刁 or ⿵门号, 1957–1982 spelling heu)

𫇯 (Sawndip)
𮧃 (Sawndip)
𬰗 (Sawndip)
靘 (Sawndip)
⿳吅且吅 (Sawndip)
夭 (Sawndip)
⿺色丢 (Sawndip)
⿺色求 (Sawndip)
⿺色青 (Sawndip)
𬮬 (Sawndip)
⿵门清 (Sawndip)
𬁷 (Sawndip)
⿰告青 (Sawndip)
⿰虫好 (Sawndip)
䒵 (Sawndip)
⿰青刁 (Sawndip)
⿵门号 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *xiəwᴬ (“green”). Cognate with Thai เขียว (kǐao), Lao ຂຽວ (khiāu), Tai Dam ꪵꪄꪫ, Shan ၶဵဝ် (khǎeo), Ahom 𑜁𑜢𑜈𑜫 (khiw).


sim

sim (Sawndip form 𦙦, 1957–1982 spelling sim)

sim (Sawndip forms 𱃤 or ⿰飠心, 1957–1982 spelling sim)


gij

gij (Sawndip forms 𰂌 or 几 or 其 or 鳮 or 启, 1957–1982 spelling giз)

𰂌 (Sawndip)
几 (Sawndip)
其 (Sawndip)
鳮 (Sawndip)
启 (Sawndip)


lan

lan (classifier boux, Sawndip forms 𭓀 or 𰌮 or 𭓎 or 𬞕, 1957–1982 spelling lan)

boux (classifier)
𭓀 (Sawndip)
𰌮 (Sawndip)
𭓎 (Sawndip)
𬞕 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰlaːnᴬ (“nephew; niece; grandchild”). Cognate with Thai หลาน (lǎan), Northern Thai ᩉᩖᩣ᩠ᨶ, Khün ᩉᩖᩣ᩠ᨶ, Lao ຫຼານ (lān), Lü ᦜᦱᧃ (l̇aan), Tai Dam ꪨꪱꪙ, Shan လၢၼ် (lǎan), Tai Nüa ᥘᥣᥢᥴ (láan), Ahom 𑜎𑜃𑜫 (lan), Saek หล่าน.


rae

head

rae (Sawndip forms 𱂂 or ⿱卵利 or 𭘢, 1957–1982 spelling rəi)


hing

hing (Sawndip form 䒡, 1957–1982 spelling hiŋ)

From Proto-Tai *χiːŋᴬ (“ginger”). Cognate with Thai ขิง (kǐng), Lao ຂີງ (khīng), Lü ᦃᦲᧂ (ẋiing), Tai Dam ꪄꪲꪉ, Shan ၶိင် (khǐng), Ahom 𑜁𑜢𑜂𑜫 (khiṅ), Bouyei hingl. Compare Middle Chinese 薑 (MC kjang, “ginger”).


hak

hak (Sawndip forms 𮮛 or 𰍛 or 郝 or 赫 or 𬾼 or ⿰官斈 or 斈 or ⿰亻巷, 1957–1982 spelling hak)

𮮛 (Sawndip)
𰍛 (Sawndip)
郝 (Sawndip)
赫 (Sawndip)
𬾼 (Sawndip)
⿰官斈 (Sawndip)
斈 (Sawndip)
⿰亻巷 (Sawndip)

From Chinese 客 (MC khaek). Doublet of hek.


mak

mak (Sawndip forms 𭽝 or 𰙁 or 漠 or ⿰木没 or 模 or 莫 or ⿱艹墨, 1957–1982 spelling mak)

𭽝 (Sawndip)
𰙁 (Sawndip)
漠 (Sawndip)
⿰木没 (Sawndip)
模 (Sawndip)
莫 (Sawndip)
⿱艹墨 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːkᴰ (“fruit”). Cognate with Thai หมาก (màak), Lao ໝາກ (māk), Lü ᦖᦱᧅ (ṁaak), Shan မၢၵ်ႇ (màak).


noix

noix (Sawndip forms 𫴻 or 𭁧 or 𮤰 or 𫴹 or 𮤭 or ⿰子内 or 内 or 㐻 or 呐, 1957–1982 spelling noiч)

𫴻 (Sawndip)
𭁧 (Sawndip)
𮤰 (Sawndip)
𫴹 (Sawndip)
𮤭 (Sawndip)
⿰子内 (Sawndip)
内 (Sawndip)
㐻 (Sawndip)
呐 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *noːjꟲ (“small”). Cognate with Thai น้อย (nɔ́ɔi), Lao ນ້ອຍ (nǭi), Lü ᦓᦾᧉ (noay²), Shan ၼွႆႉ (nâ̰ui).


maz

maz (Sawndip forms 庅 or 么 or 吗 or 麻, 1957–1982 spelling maƨ)

庅 (Sawndip)
么 (Sawndip)
吗 (Sawndip)
麻 (Sawndip)


maz

maz (Sawndip form 麻, 1957–1982 spelling maƨ)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“to come”). Cognate with Thai มา (maa), Northern Thai ᨾᩣ (ma), Lao ມາ (mā), Lü ᦙᦱ (maa), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥰ (mäa), Shan မႃး (máa), Aiton မႃ (mā), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma) or 𑜉𑜡 (mā) or 𑜉𑜡𑜠 (māa).


rij

rij (Sawndip forms 浬 or 浰, 1957–1982 spelling riз)

From Proto-Tai *qrwɤjꟲ (“mountain stream”). Cognate with Thai ห้วย (hûai), Lao ຫ້ວຍ (wany), Lü ᦠᦽᧉ (ḣoy²), Shan ႁူၺ်ႈ (hōi), Ahom 𑜍𑜤𑜐𑜫 (ruñ), Saek รี̂.

cog

Lü ᦠᦽᧉ (ḣoy²)


fai

head

fai (Sawndip forms 𭎶 or 𰄂 or 𱖾 or 沸 or 𣳢 or ⿰氵⿱正⿰正正 or ⿰木⿱正⿰正正 or 𫮏 or ⿰洡𠂢 or 湃 or 渄, 1957–1982 spelling fai)

𭎶 (Sawndip)
𰄂 (Sawndip)
𱖾 (Sawndip)
沸 (Sawndip)
𣳢 (Sawndip)
⿰氵⿱正⿰正正 (Sawndip)
⿰木⿱正⿰正正 (Sawndip)
𫮏 (Sawndip)
⿰洡𠂢 (Sawndip)
湃 (Sawndip)
渄 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *hwa:jᴬ. Cognate with Thai ฝาย (fǎai), Northern Thai ᨺᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ຝາຍ (fāi), Lü ᦚᦻ (ḟaay), Shan ၽၢႆ (phǎai) or ၾၢႆ (fǎai), Bouyei waail.


noh

noh (Sawndip forms 胬 or 奴 or 朒 or 䏧 or 𭸆 or 𰮷, 1957–1982 spelling noƅ)

胬 (Sawndip)
奴 (Sawndip)
朒 (Sawndip)
䏧 (Sawndip)
𭸆 (Sawndip)
𰮷 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *n.mɤːꟲ (“meat, flesh”). Cognate with Thai เนื้อ (nʉ́ʉa), Northern Thai ᨶᩮᩬᩥ᩶ᩋ, Lao ເນຶ້ອ (nưa) or ເນື້ອ (nư̄a), Lü ᦵᦓᦲᧉ (noe²), Khün ᨶᩮᩨ᩶ᩬ, Shan ၼိူဝ်ႉ (nô̰e), Ahom 𑜃𑜢𑜤𑜰𑜫 (nü0), Bouyei noh, Nong Zhuang nowx or nwx, Saek หมร้อ.

cog

Thai เนื้อ (nʉ́ʉa)

Lü ᦵᦓᦲᧉ (noe²)

Shan ၼိူဝ်ႉ (nô̰e)

noh mou


sw

From Proto-Tai *sɯːᴬ (“writing; book”), from Middle Chinese 書 (MC syo, “writing; book”). Cognate with Lao ສື (sư̄), Thai สือ (sʉ̌ʉ).


sw

head

sw (Sawndip form ⿰犭書, 1957–1982 spelling sɯ)


rek

rek (Sawndip forms 𨦙 or 𰽊, 1957–1982 spelling rek)


vax

vax (Sawndip forms 𤬪 or 𫭡 or 砙, 1957–1982 spelling vaч)


vax

vax (Sawndip forms 㧚 or 𭯽, 1957–1982 spelling vaч)

to dredge; to scoop; to haul (out of water)


gouh

gouh (Sawndip forms 𭪡 or 𫇰 or 芶 or 𦹵 or 柩, 1957–1982 spelling gouƅ)

𭪡 (Sawndip)
𫇰 (Sawndip)
芶 (Sawndip)
𦹵 (Sawndip)
柩 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *guːᴮ (“pair”). Cognate with Thai คู่ (kûu), Lao ຄູ່ (khū), Shan ၵူႈ (kūu).

cib gouh dawh


naz

naz (Sawndip forms 𪽖 or 那 or 𫭹 or 𡌈, 1957–1982 spelling naƨ)

𪽖 (Sawndip)
那 (Sawndip)
𫭹 (Sawndip)
𡌈 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *naːᴬ (“paddy field”). Cognate with Thai นา (naa), Northern Thai ᨶᩣ, Lao ນາ (nā), Lü ᦓᦱ (naa), Shan ၼႃး (náa), Ahom 𑜃𑜠 (na) or 𑜃𑜡 (nā), Bouyei naz.


guh

guh (Sawndip forms 𫩏 or 骨 or 𢫈 or 枯 or 个 or 𡊜, 1957–1982 spelling guƅ)

𫩏 (Sawndip)
骨 (Sawndip)
𢫈 (Sawndip)
枯 (Sawndip)
个 (Sawndip)
𡊜 (Sawndip)

to be; to become (friends, a couple, etc.)


yw

yw (Sawndip form 𦬎, 1957–1982 spelling yɯ)

From Proto-Tai *ˀjɯəᴬ (“medicine”). Cognate with Thai ยา (yaa), Northern Thai ᩀᩣ, Lao ຢາ (yā), Lü ᦊᦱ (ẏaa), Shan ယႃ (yǎa), Bouyei iel.


𨳒

Sawndip form of mbaet (“to be frugal; thrifty”)


nij

nij (Sawndip form 𪥤, 1957–1982 spelling niз)

From Proto-Tai *ʰniːꟲ (“debt”). Cognate with Thai หนี้ (nîi), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨶᩦ᩶, Lao ໜີ້ (nī), Lü ᦐᦲᧉ (ṅii²), Shan ၼီႈ (nīi), Tai Nüa ᥘᥤᥲ (lì), Phake ꩫီ (nī), Ahom 𑜃𑜣 (nī), Nong Zhuang nij, Zuojiang Zhuang nij.

cog

Lü ᦐᦲᧉ (ṅii²)


dava

Partial calque from Chinese 眼花 (yǎnhuā).


faen

head

faen (Sawndip form 𰂐, 1957–1982 spelling fən)


faen

a unit of area equivalent to 66+²⁄₃ square metres

a rate of interest, calculated as ¹⁄₁₀ of the capital for annual interest or ¹⁄₁₀₀ of the capital for monthly interest


faen

faen (Sawndip forms 𥸹 or 魂 or 粉 or 𮂹 or 斈 or 粒, 1957–1982 spelling fən)

𥸹 (Sawndip)
魂 (Sawndip)
粉 (Sawndip)
𮂹 (Sawndip)
斈 (Sawndip)
粒 (Sawndip)

Compare Bouyei wanl, Shan ၽၼ်း (phán), Sui vanl, Proto-Be *vənᴬ², Proto-Hlai *fjən.


Bouxcuengh

Bouxcuengh (Sawndip form 佈僮, 1957–1982 spelling Bouчcueŋƅ)

/pou˦˨ ɕuːŋ˧/

From boux- (“a person of a particular type”) + Cuengh (“Zhuang”).


moed

head

moed (Sawndip forms ⿰虫密 or 乜 or 蟆 or 𬟼 or 𰲪 or 𧋶 or ⿰虫磨, 1957–1982 spelling mɵd)

⿰虫密 (Sawndip)
乜 (Sawndip)
蟆 (Sawndip)
𬟼 (Sawndip)
𰲪 (Sawndip)
𧋶 (Sawndip)
⿰虫磨 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *mɤcᴰ (“ant”). Cognate with Thai มด (mót), Lao ມົດ (mot), Shan မူတ် (mǔut), Ahom 𑜉𑜤𑜄𑜫 (mut), Bouyei mod.


mang

From Chinese 猛 (MC maengX, “ferocious; violent; powerful”).


geng

head

geng (Sawndip form 庚, 1957–1982 spelling geŋ)


beng

beng (Sawndip forms 抦 or 拼 or 捠 or 䅭 or 𢪝, 1957–1982 spelling beŋ)

抦 (Sawndip)
拼 (Sawndip)
捠 (Sawndip)
䅭 (Sawndip)
𢪝 (Sawndip)


heng

heng (Sawndip forms 𱣒 or ⿱行口 or 梈 or ⿰石杏 or ⿰石𪥌 or 𮀖, 1957–1982 spelling heŋ)

𱣒 (Sawndip)
⿱行口 (Sawndip)
梈 (Sawndip)
⿰石杏 (Sawndip)
⿰石𪥌 (Sawndip)
𮀖 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *χiəŋᴬ; cognate with Thai เขียง (kǐiang), Northern Thai ᨡ᩠ᨿᨦ, Lao ຂຽງ (khīang), Khün ᨡ᩠ᨿᨦ, Lü ᦵᦃᧂ (ẋeng), Shan ၶဵင် (khǎeng), Tai Nüa ᥑᥥᥒᥴ (xéng).


gou

gou (Sawndip forms 𭆸 or 九 or 戈 or 㕤 or 苟 or 𪜩 or 勾 or 句, 1957–1982 spelling gou)

𭆸 (Sawndip)
九 (Sawndip)
戈 (Sawndip)
㕤 (Sawndip)
苟 (Sawndip)
𪜩 (Sawndip)
勾 (Sawndip)
句 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *kuːᴬ (“singular first-person pronoun (weak)”). Cognate with Thai กู (guu), Lao ກູ (kū).


miz

head

miz (Sawndip forms 眉 or 𥸬 or 𠷯, 1957–1982 spelling miƨ)

From Proto-Tai *miːᴬ (“to have”). Cognate with Thai มี (mii), Northern Thai ᨾᩦ, Khün ᨾᩦ, Lao ມີ (mī), Lü ᦙᦲ (mii), Tai Dam ꪣꪲ, Shan မီး (míi), Ahom 𑜉𑜣 (mī).

to become; to grow; to have an event occur


mou

mou (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 𭸘 or 𭸙 or 𤝖 or 某 or 𭸲, 1957–1982 spelling mou)

duz (classifier)
𭸘 (Sawndip)
𭸙 (Sawndip)
𤝖 (Sawndip)
某 (Sawndip)
𭸲 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmuːᴬ (“pig”). Cognate with Thai หมู (mǔu), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩪ, Lao ໝູ (mū), Lü ᦖᦴ (ṁuu), Tai Dam ꪢꪴ, Tai Nüa ᥛᥧᥴ (mú), Shan မူ (mǔu), Ahom 𑜉𑜥 (mū), Bouyei mul, Nong Zhuang mu, Saek หมู่.


hek

From Chinese 客 (MC khaek, “guest”). Cognate with Thai แขก (kɛ̀ɛk), Lao ແຂກ (khǣk), Lü ᦶᦃᧅᧈ (ẋaek¹), Shan ၶႅၵ်ႇ (khèk), Ahom 𑜁𑜢𑜀𑜫 (khik). Doublet of hak.

cog

Lü ᦶᦃᧅᧈ (ẋaek¹)


ceh

head

ceh (Sawndip forms 𰫎 or 𮇴 or 𱹄 or ⿰禾車 or 粒, 1957–1982 spelling ceƅ)

𰫎 (Sawndip)
𮇴 (Sawndip)
𱹄 (Sawndip)
⿰禾車 (Sawndip)
粒 (Sawndip)


ceh

ceh (Sawndip form 涻, 1957–1982 spelling ceƅ)


densi

/teːn˧˥ θi˧˥/

zh-l

電視／电视 (diànshì)


makit

head

makit (Sawndip form 𭽝一, 1957–1982 spelling makit)

From mak (“fruit”) + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *ʔitᴰ (“raisin”). Cognate with Bouyei masidt.


swiz

swiz (Sawndip forms 𭫙 or 𫪳 or 隨 or 遀 or 𣖋 or 适, 1957–1982 spelling sɯiƨ)

𭫙 (Sawndip)
𫪳 (Sawndip)
隨 (Sawndip)
遀 (Sawndip)
𣖋 (Sawndip)
适 (Sawndip)


anax

paternal grandmother
paternal grandmother#English

(dialectal) great-aunt (paternal grandmother's younger sister)


nae

nae (Sawndip forms 汭 or 𭛎, 1957–1982 spelling nəi)

Cognate with Shan ၼၢႆး (náai, “dew; mist”), Ahom 𑜃𑜩 (nay, “dew”) or 𑜃𑜩𑜐𑜫 (nayñ), Bouyei nail.


faz

faz (Sawndip form ⿰糹伐, 1957–1982 spelling faƨ)


faz

faz (Sawndip forms ⿰衤伐 or ⿺尾⿱天衣, 1957–1982 spelling faƨ)


faz

faz (Sawndip forms 鍅 or 𰼦, 1957–1982 spelling faƨ)


cit

cit (Sawndip forms 𰝘 or 𭶈 or 泏 or 㲺 or 咄 or 𠮟 or ⿰米直 or ⿰淡出, 1957–1982 spelling cit)

𰝘 (Sawndip)
𭶈 (Sawndip)
泏 (Sawndip)
㲺 (Sawndip)
咄 (Sawndip)
𠮟 (Sawndip)
⿰米直 (Sawndip)
⿰淡出 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *cɯːtᴰ (“insipid”). Cognate with Thai จืด (jʉ̀ʉt), Lao ຈືດ (chư̄t), Shan ၸိုတ်ႇ (tsùet).


cit

cit (Sawndip forms 炪 or 𤊧 or 咄 or 𰞩 or 𭵎 or ⿺燒出, 1957–1982 spelling cit)

炪 (Sawndip)
𤊧 (Sawndip)
咄 (Sawndip)
𰞩 (Sawndip)
𭵎 (Sawndip)
⿺燒出 (Sawndip)

cit ien


cit

Used for performances, e.g., plays, operas, storytellings.


roek

From Proto-Tai *krokᴰ (“six”), from Old Chinese 六 (OC *ruɡ, “six”). Cognate with Thai หก (hòk), Northern Thai ᩉᩫ᩠ᨠ, Lao ຫົກ (hok), Lü ᦷᦠᧅ (ḣok), Tai Dam ꪶꪬꪀ, Shan ႁူၵ်း (húuk), Tai Nüa ᥞᥨᥐᥱ (hǒk), Ahom 𑜍𑜤𑜀𑜫 (ruk), Bouyei rogt, Nong Zhuang choak.

cog

Lü ᦷᦠᧅ (ḣok)


cae

head

cae (Sawndip forms ⿰犁之 or 𱭯 or ⿰牛之 or ⿰哉之 or ⿺辶在, 1957–1982 spelling cəi)

⿰犁之 (Sawndip)
𱭯 (Sawndip)
⿰牛之 (Sawndip)
⿰哉之 (Sawndip)
⿺辶在 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *crwajᴬ (“plough”). Cognate with Thai ไถ (tǎi), Lao ໄຖ (thai), Northern Thai ᨳᩱ, Khün ᨳᩱ, Lü ᦺᦏ (ṫhay), Shan ထႆ (thǎi), Ahom 𑜌𑜩 (thay), Saek ไถ่.


iet

iet (Sawndip form 乙, 1957–1982 spelling iet)


buh

buh (Sawndip forms 𧙛 or 𰳳 or ⿰布彡 or 𥿠 or 䋠, 1957–1982 spelling buƅ)

𧙛 (Sawndip)
𰳳 (Sawndip)
⿰布彡 (Sawndip)
𥿠 (Sawndip)
䋠 (Sawndip)


baed

baed (Sawndip forms 胇 or 𭾘, 1957–1982 spelling bəd)


baed

baed (Sawndip forms 𭀯 or 佛 or 𡌅 or 𪱻 or 𰍣, 1957–1982 spelling bəd)

𭀯 (Sawndip)
佛 (Sawndip)
𡌅 (Sawndip)
𪱻 (Sawndip)
𰍣 (Sawndip)


ruz

From Proto-Tai *C̬.rwɯəᴬ (“boat”). Cognate with Thai เรือ (rʉʉa), Northern Thai ᩁᩮᩬᩥᩋ, Isan เฮือ, Lao ເຮືອ (hư̄a), Lü ᦵᦣᦲ (hoe), Shan ႁိူဝ်း (hóe), Tai Nüa ᥞᥫᥰ (höe), Ahom 𑜍𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (rüw), Zuojiang Zhuang rwaz.


mui

mui (Sawndip forms 𤞦 or 𪻄, 1957–1982 spelling mui)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmwɯjᴬ (“bear”). Cognate with Thai หมี (mǐi), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩦ, Lao ໝີ (mī), Lü ᦖᦲ (ṁii), Tai Dam ꪢꪲ, Shan မီ (mǐi), Ahom 𑜉𑜣 (mī), Nong Zhuang mue, Bouyei moil. Compare Old Chinese 羋 (OC *meʔ).


faex

faex (Sawndip forms 𣔉 or 㭑 or 𭩼 or 柫 or 梶 or 枇 or 𣑶 or 棑 or 𬃮 or 費 or 棐 or 𣚡, 1957–1982 spelling fəiч)

𣔉 (Sawndip)
㭑 (Sawndip)
𭩼 (Sawndip)
柫 (Sawndip)
梶 (Sawndip)
枇 (Sawndip)
𣑶 (Sawndip)
棑 (Sawndip)
𬃮 (Sawndip)
費 (Sawndip)
棐 (Sawndip)
𣚡 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *mwajꟲ (“tree; wood”). Cognate with Thai ไม้ (máai), Northern Thai ᨾᩱ᩶, Lao ໄມ້ (mai), Lü ᦺᦙᧉ (may²), Tai Dam ꪼꪣ꫁, Shan မႆႉ (mâ̰i), Ahom 𑜉𑜩 (may), Nong Zhuang maex, Saek ไม.


laeg

From Proto-Tai *lɤkᴰ (“deep”). Cognate with Thai ลึก (lʉ́k), Northern Thai ᩃᩮᩥᩢ᩠ᨠ, Southern Thai หลึก, Lao ເລິກ (lœk) or ລຶກ (lưk), Lü ᦵᦟᦲᧅ (loek), Shan လိုၵ်ႉ (lṵ̂ek), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜤𑜀𑜫 (lük), Nong Zhuang ndaek.


roet

From Proto-Tai *k.tɤtᴰ (“fart”). Cognate with Thai ตด (dtòt), Lao ຕົດ (tot), Shan တူတ်း (túut), Tai Dam ꪶꪔꪒ, Phake တုတ် (tut), Ahom 𑜄𑜢𑜤𑜄𑜫 (tüt). Probably of imitative origin. Compare Proto-Austronesian *qətut (whence Tagalog utot, and Maranao tot).


vunz

vunz (classifier boux, Sawndip forms 伝 or 侩 or 𪝑 or 云 or 倱 or 斌, 1957–1982 spelling vunƨ)

boux (classifier)
伝 (Sawndip)
侩 (Sawndip)
𪝑 (Sawndip)
云 (Sawndip)
倱 (Sawndip)
斌 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɢwɯnᴬ (“human; person”). Cognate with Thai คน (kon), Northern Thai ᨤᩫ᩠ᨶ, Lao ຄົນ (khon), Lü ᦅᦳᧃ (kun), Shan ၵူၼ်း (kúun), Tai Nüa ᥐᥨᥢᥰ (kön), Tai Dam ꪶꪁꪙ, Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜃𑜫 (kun), Bouyei wenz, Zuojiang Zhuang koenz.

sam boux vunz

boux vunz ndei


lwg

lwg (classifier boux, Sawndip forms 𭒹 or 叻 or 仂 or 力 or 𰌧 or 勒, 1957–1982 spelling lɯg)

lwg (classifier boux, daeg, Sawndip forms 𭒹 or 叻 or 仂 or 力 or 𰌧 or 勒, 1957–1982 spelling lɯg), daeg|LWG8]]

boux (classifier)
𭒹 (Sawndip)
叻 (Sawndip)
仂 (Sawndip)
力 (Sawndip)
𰌧 (Sawndip)
勒 (Sawndip)
lwg (canonical)
boux (classifier)
daeg (classifier)
𭒹 (Sawndip)
叻 (Sawndip)
仂 (Sawndip)
力 (Sawndip)
𰌧 (Sawndip)
勒 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *lɯːkᴰ (“child”). Cognate with Thai ลูก (lûuk), Northern Thai ᩃᩪᨠ, Lao ລູກ (lūk), Lü ᦟᦴᧅ (luuk), Tai Dam ꪩꪴꪀ, Shan လုၵ်ႈ (lūk), Tai Nüa ᥘᥧᥐ (luk), Bouyei leg.

Lwg neix dwg boux lwg gou.


lwg

lwg (Sawndip forms 𭒹 or 叻 or 仂 or 力 or 𰌧 or 勒, 1957–1982 spelling lɯg)

𭒹 (Sawndip)
叻 (Sawndip)
仂 (Sawndip)
力 (Sawndip)
𰌧 (Sawndip)
勒 (Sawndip)


lwg

Used for small objects (inherently or not).

Used before a classifier or noun to denigrate the quantity or quality of the thing expressed by the noun: petty; runty


lwg

Used for bundles of long, thin objects: bundle of


bya

bya (Sawndip forms 岜 or 𡵟 or 𰎕 or 𥑁 or ⿱山哉, 1957–1982 spelling bya)

岜 (Sawndip)
𡵟 (Sawndip)
𰎕 (Sawndip)
𥑁 (Sawndip)
⿱山哉 (Sawndip)

→ Chinese: 岜 (bā)

From Proto-Tai *praːᴬ (“stone mountain”).
Cognate with Thai ผา (pǎa), Lao ຜາ (phā), Tai Nüa ᥚᥣᥴ (pháa).

bya sang

hill or mountain, especially one in karst terrain


bya

bya (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 䰾 or 𮫻 or 𱆦 or ⿰氵岜 or 𩵒 or 蚆 or 𣲩, 1957–1982 spelling bya)

duz (classifier)
䰾 (Sawndip)
𮫻 (Sawndip)
𱆦 (Sawndip)
⿰氵岜 (Sawndip)
𩵒 (Sawndip)
蚆 (Sawndip)
𣲩 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *plaːᴬ (“fish”).
Cognate with Thai ปลา (bplaa), Northern Thai ᨸᩖᩣ, Isan ปา, Lao ປາ (pā), Lü ᦔᦱ (ṗaa), Tai Dam ꪜꪱ, Shan ပႃ (pǎa), Tai Nüa ᥙᥣ (paa), Ahom 𑜆𑜠 (pa) or 𑜆𑜡 (pā), Bouyei byal, Saek ปร๋า.
Compare Proto-Hlai *hlaː (“fish”) (whence ɗaː¹ ~ ɬaː¹ across different lects), Lakkia phla⁵¹, Proto-Be *ɓaːᴬ¹ (whence ɓa¹ in modern lects).

haj duz bya


mok

mok (Sawndip forms 瞙 or 漠 or 𭯷 or ⿹⺄木 or 雬 or 𩄻 or 𭰄 or ⿺沫𠃑, 1957–1982 spelling mok)

瞙 (Sawndip)
漠 (Sawndip)
𭯷 (Sawndip)
⿹⺄木 (Sawndip)
雬 (Sawndip)
𩄻 (Sawndip)
𭰄 (Sawndip)
⿺沫𠃑 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmoːkᴰ (“fog”), from Old Chinese 霧 (OC *moɡs, “fog; mist”). Cognate with Thai หมอก (mɔ̀ɔk), Lao ໝອກ (mǭk), Lü ᦖᦸᧅᧈ (ṁoak¹), Shan မွၵ်ႇ (màuk), Ahom 𑜉𑜨𑜀𑜫 (mok), Nong Zhuang moag or mog, Saek ม̄อก.

cog

Lü ᦖᦸᧅᧈ (ṁoak¹)


mok

head

mok (Sawndip forms 糢 or 莫 or 漠 or 𰛙 or 洣 or ⿰米未 or 饃, 1957–1982 spelling mok)

糢 (Sawndip)
莫 (Sawndip)
漠 (Sawndip)
𰛙 (Sawndip)
洣 (Sawndip)
⿰米未 (Sawndip)
饃 (Sawndip)


naek

naek (Sawndip forms 𨒙 or 𮡡 or ⿰重色 or ⿸厂若 or ⿰石匿, 1957–1982 spelling nək)

𨒙 (Sawndip)
𮡡 (Sawndip)
⿰重色 (Sawndip)
⿸厂若 (Sawndip)
⿰石匿 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰnakᴰ (“heavy”). Cognate with Thai หนัก (nàk), Lao ໜັກ (nak), Lü ᦐᧅ (ṅak), Shan ၼၵ်း (nák), Tai Nüa ᥘᥐᥴ (lák), Aiton ꩫက် (nak), Ahom 𑜃𑜀𑜫 (nak), Bouyei nagt.

rap naek mwngz

gamjcingz naek


youz

youz (Sawndip forms 沋 or ⿰氵尢 or 𰞅, 1957–1982 spelling youƨ)


sae

sae (Sawndip forms 𬠂 or 蛳 or 西, 1957–1982 spelling səi)


sae

From Chinese 師 (MC srij, “teacher; master”).


sae

sae (Sawndip form 哂, 1957–1982 spelling səi)


roen

roen (classifier diuz, Sawndip forms 坤 or 𮛨 or 魂, 1957–1982 spelling rɵn)

diuz (classifier)
坤 (Sawndip)
𮛨 (Sawndip)
魂 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰrwɤnᴬ (“road; way”). Cognate with Thai หน (hǒn, “way; road”), Southern Thai ฮ่น, Lao ຫົນ (hon).


cim

cim (Sawndip form 針, 1957–1982 spelling cim)


cag

cag (Sawndip forms 𰫦 or 䋏 or 䌇 or ⿰糹长, 1957–1982 spelling cag)

𰫦 (Sawndip)
䋏 (Sawndip)
䌇 (Sawndip)
⿰糹长 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɟɤːkᴰ (“rope; cord”). Cognate with Thai เชือก (chʉ̂ʉak), Lao ເຊືອກ (sư̄ak), Lü ᦵᦋᦲᧅ (tsoek), Tai Dam ꪹꪋꪀ, Shan ၸိူၵ်ႈ (tsōek), Tai Nüa ᥓᥫᥐ (tsoek), Ahom 𑜋𑜢𑜤𑜀𑜫 (chük), Nong Zhuang zowg.


linx

linx (Sawndip forms 𫇖 or 吝 or 呤 or 令 or 𮍶 or 練, 1957–1982 spelling linч)

𫇖 (Sawndip)
吝 (Sawndip)
呤 (Sawndip)
令 (Sawndip)
𮍶 (Sawndip)
練 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *liːnꟲ (“tongue”). Cognate with Thai ลิ้น (lín), Lao ລີ້ນ (līn), Lü ᦟᦲᧃᧉ (liin²), Shan လိၼ်ႉ (lḭ̂n), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜃𑜫 (lin), Bouyei linx, Saek ลีน.


saen

saen (Sawndip forms 申 or 辛, 1957–1982 spelling sən)

back (of a cutting tool, opposite the cutting edge)


goj

goj (Sawndip forms 訶 or 可 or 古 or 詁 or 𬤐 or 咕, 1957–1982 spelling goз)

訶 (Sawndip)
可 (Sawndip)
古 (Sawndip)
詁 (Sawndip)
𬤐 (Sawndip)
咕 (Sawndip)


goj

goj (Sawndip forms 可 or 古 or 故, 1957–1982 spelling goз)


raen

From Proto-Tai *tranᴬ (“to see”). Cognate with Thai เห็น (hěn), Northern Thai ᩉᩢ᩠ᨶ (han), Lao ເຫັນ (hen), Lü ᦠᧃ (ḣan), Tai Dam ꪹꪬꪸꪙ, Shan ႁၼ် (hǎn), Tai Nüa ᥞᥢᥴ (hán), Aiton ꩭꩫ် (han), Ahom 𑜑𑜃𑜫 (han), Bouyei ranl, Nong Zhuang taen.


caz

From Proto-Tai *ɟaːᴬ (“tea”), from Chinese 茶 (MC drae). Cognate with Bouyei xaz, Thai ชา (chaa), Lao ຊາ (sā).


caz

caz (Sawndip forms 嗏 or 吓 or 查, 1957–1982 spelling caƨ)


caz

caz (Sawndip forms 𦳘 or 楂 or 茶 or 𣚒, 1957–1982 spelling caƨ)

𦳘 (Sawndip)
楂 (Sawndip)
茶 (Sawndip)
𣚒 (Sawndip)


rox

Compare Bouyei rox, Lao ຫຼື (lư̄), Thai หรือ (rʉ̌ʉ).

cog

Thai หรือ (rʉ̌ʉ)


rox

From Proto-Tai *rɯːwꟲ (“to know”). Cognate with Bouyei rox, Thai รู้ (rúu), Northern Thai ᩁᩪ᩶, Isan ฮู้, Lao ຮູ້ (hū), Lü ᦣᦴᧉ (huu²), Tai Dam ꪭꪴ꫁, Shan ႁူႉ (hṵ̂u), Ahom 𑜍𑜥 (rū) or 𑜍𑜤𑜈𑜫 (ruw), Saek รอ.


lij

head

lij (Sawndip forms 里 or 力 or 禮 or 俐 or 𪝊 or 𮥷, 1957–1982 spelling liз)

里 (Sawndip)
力 (Sawndip)
禮 (Sawndip)
俐 (Sawndip)
𪝊 (Sawndip)
𮥷 (Sawndip)


gaj

gaj (Sawndip forms 𭪍 or 卡 or 加 or 𭃑 or 𭅱 or 𭃛 or 𭃏 or 𭃼 or 刹 or 𭩭 or 可, 1957–1982 spelling gaз)

𭪍 (Sawndip)
卡 (Sawndip)
加 (Sawndip)
𭃑 (Sawndip)
𭅱 (Sawndip)
𭃛 (Sawndip)
𭃏 (Sawndip)
𭃼 (Sawndip)
刹 (Sawndip)
𭩭 (Sawndip)
可 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *qaːꟲ (“to kill”). Cognate with Thai ฆ่า (kâa), Lao ຂ້າ (khā), Tai Dam ꪄ꫁ꪱ, Lü ᦃᦱᧉ (ẋaa²), Shan ၶႃႈ (khāa), Tai Nüa ᥑᥣᥲ (xàa), Ahom 𑜁𑜠 (kha, “to cut; to kill”), Nong Zhuang kaj.

cog

Lü ᦃᦱᧉ (ẋaa²)


ndoeng

head

ndoeng (Sawndip forms 崬 or 岽 or 崠 or 𮅎 or 橦 or 茏 or 辳 or 檂 or 東, 1957–1982 spelling ƌɵŋ)

崬 (Sawndip)
岽 (Sawndip)
崠 (Sawndip)
𮅎 (Sawndip)
橦 (Sawndip)
茏 (Sawndip)
辳 (Sawndip)
檂 (Sawndip)
東 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɗoŋᴬ (“forest”). Cognate with Thai ดง (dong), Northern Thai ᨯᩫ᩠ᨦ, Khün ᨯᩫ᩠ᨦ, Lao ດົງ (dong), Lü ᦷᦡᧂ (ḋong), Shan လူင် (lǔung), Tai Nüa ᥘᥨᥒ (long), Ahom 𑜃𑜤𑜂𑜫 (nuṅ) or 𑜓𑜤𑜂𑜫 (duṅ), Bouyei ndongl, Nong Zhuang ndoang.


duz

duz (Sawndip forms 徒 or 独 or 途 or 图 or 嘟 or 度, 1957–1982 spelling duƨ)

徒 (Sawndip)
独 (Sawndip)
途 (Sawndip)
图 (Sawndip)
嘟 (Sawndip)
度 (Sawndip)

Ultimately from Chinese 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˁo). Cognate with Bouyei duez, Thai ตัว (dtuua), Northern Thai ᨲᩫ᩠ᩅ, Lao ໂຕ (tō) or ຕົວ (tūa), Lü ᦷᦎ (ṫo), Tai Dam ꪶꪔ, Shan တူဝ် (tǒ), Ahom 𑜄𑜥 (tū) or 𑜄𑜤 (tu), Saek ทั๊ว.

(not derogatory) Classifier for children.

Classifier for supernatural beings and shadows.


gwn

From Proto-Tai *kɯɲᴬ (“to eat”). Cognate with Thai กิน (gin), Northern Thai ᨠᩥ᩠ᨶ, Lao ກິນ (kin), Lü ᦂᦲᧃ (k̇iin), Tai Dam ꪀꪲꪙ, Tai Nüa ᥐᥤᥢ (kin), Shan ၵိၼ် (kǐn), Ahom 𑜀𑜢𑜃𑜫 (kin), Saek กิ๋น, Nong Zhuang gwn.

gwn haeux

gwn caz


doem

doem (Sawndip forms 垚 or 𮤬 or 𰊣 or 墪 or 𡉫 or 坉, 1957–1982 spelling dɵm)

垚 (Sawndip)
𮤬 (Sawndip)
𰊣 (Sawndip)
墪 (Sawndip)
𡉫 (Sawndip)
坉 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *tɯmᴬ (“soil”). Cognate with Thai ตม (dtom), Lao ຕົມ (tom), Ahom 𑜄𑜤𑜪 (tuṃ).


uk

uk (Sawndip forms 腛 or 𰍷 or 喔, 1957–1982 spelling uk)

From Proto-Tai *ʔwuːkᴰ (“bone marrow”). Cognate with Bouyei ugt (“brain”).


mbaj

Compare Bouyei mbax (“butterfly”), Lao ກະເບື້ອ (ka bư̄a, “moth”).


laj

laj (Sawndip forms 𬻊 or 𨑜 or 忑 or 丅 or 𬀧 or 雫 or 𬻡 or 拉 or 𰋪 or 喇 or 卡 or 吓 or 𭆼, 1957–1982 spelling laз)

𬻊 (Sawndip)
𨑜 (Sawndip)
忑 (Sawndip)
丅 (Sawndip)
𬀧 (Sawndip)
雫 (Sawndip)
𬻡 (Sawndip)
拉 (Sawndip)
𰋪 (Sawndip)
喇 (Sawndip)
卡 (Sawndip)
吓 (Sawndip)
𭆼 (Sawndip)


manh

to burn; to sting; to be irritated by pungent taste or smell


linh

linh (Sawndip forms 獜 or 狑 or 粦 or 鱗 or 𭸓 or 𤞼, 1957–1982 spelling linƅ)

獜 (Sawndip)
狑 (Sawndip)
粦 (Sawndip)
鱗 (Sawndip)
𭸓 (Sawndip)
𤞼 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *lilᴮ (“pangolin”). Cognate with Thai ลิ่น (lîn).


feiz

feiz (Sawndip forms 𩇭 or ⿰火微 or 𪸙 or 𭵀 or ⿱火灬 or 肥 or 費 or 𤆵 or 𤊬 or ⿰火飞 or ⿰火費 or 𭵁 or 𭶓 or 炥 or 𤇝 or ⿰火市 or 微 or 𤎶 or ⿰巾灰 or 𬮟, 1957–1982 spelling feiƨ)

𩇭 (Sawndip)
⿰火微 (Sawndip)
𪸙 (Sawndip)
𭵀 (Sawndip)
⿱火灬 (Sawndip)
肥 (Sawndip)
費 (Sawndip)
𤆵 (Sawndip)
𤊬 (Sawndip)
⿰火飞 (Sawndip)
⿰火費 (Sawndip)
𭵁 (Sawndip)
𭶓 (Sawndip)
炥 (Sawndip)
𤇝 (Sawndip)
⿰火市 (Sawndip)
微 (Sawndip)
𤎶 (Sawndip)
⿰巾灰 (Sawndip)
𬮟 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *wɤjᴬ (“fire”). Cognate with Ahom 𑜇𑜩 (phay),Thai ไฟ (fai), Northern Thai ᨼᩱ (fai), Lao ໄຟ (fai), Lü ᦺᦝ (fay), Tai Dam ꪼꪡ, Shan ၽႆး (phái) or ၾႆး (fái), Tai Nüa ᥜᥭᥰ (fäy), Bouyei fix, Saek วี๊.


neix

neix (Sawndip forms 内 or 尼 or 亦 or 尔 or 你 or 侣, 1957–1982 spelling neiч)

内 (Sawndip)
尼 (Sawndip)
亦 (Sawndip)
尔 (Sawndip)
你 (Sawndip)
侣 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *najꟲ (“this”). Cognate with Thai นี้ (níi), Lao ນີ້ (nī), Lü ᦓᦲᦰ (ni).


gik

gik (Sawndip forms 𰔅 or ⿰其手 or ⿰不居 or 㥍 or 恄 or ⿱吉心 or 极 or 吉, 1957–1982 spelling gik)

𰔅 (Sawndip)
⿰其手 (Sawndip)
⿰不居 (Sawndip)
㥍 (Sawndip)
恄 (Sawndip)
⿱吉心 (Sawndip)
极 (Sawndip)
吉 (Sawndip)


gik

gik (Sawndip forms 㥛 or 亟, 1957–1982 spelling gik)


suen

suen (Sawndip forms 𭍵 or 宣 or 塇 or 梡 or 孫 or 楦 or 𭍫, 1957–1982 spelling suen)

𭍵 (Sawndip)
宣 (Sawndip)
塇 (Sawndip)
梡 (Sawndip)
孫 (Sawndip)
楦 (Sawndip)
𭍫 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *swɯːnᴬ (“garden”), possibly related to Middle Chinese 園 (MC hjwon, “garden”).


lwi

Used at the end of a sentence to form a yes-no question about a state, a habitual activity, or an activity in the future.


aen

aen (Sawndip forms 𬻹 or 因 or 𭶻 or ⿱父丁 or 㤙 or ⿰口㤙 or 恩 or 咹 or 安, 1957–1982 spelling ən)

𬻹 (Sawndip)
因 (Sawndip)
𭶻 (Sawndip)
⿱父丁 (Sawndip)
㤙 (Sawndip)
⿰口㤙 (Sawndip)
恩 (Sawndip)
咹 (Sawndip)
安 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʔalᴬ (classifier for things). Cognate with Thai อัน (an), Lao ອັນ (ʼan), Lü ᦀᧃ (˙ʼan), Shan ဢၼ် (ʼǎn), Ahom 𑜒𑜃𑜫 (ʼan), Tày ăn.

cog

Lü ᦀᧃ (˙ʼan)

aen ranz ndeu

haj aen mak


aen

head

aen (Sawndip form ⿻㗊⿻十乚, 1957–1982 spelling ən)


naj

naj (Sawndip forms 𫖂 or 𩈔 or 𮧍 or 𭉒 or 𬛁 or 𩈩 or 𮧉 or 𬻍 or 那 or 𭉔, 1957–1982 spelling naз)

𫖂 (Sawndip)
𩈔 (Sawndip)
𮧍 (Sawndip)
𭉒 (Sawndip)
𬛁 (Sawndip)
𩈩 (Sawndip)
𮧉 (Sawndip)
𬻍 (Sawndip)
那 (Sawndip)
𭉔 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰnaːᶜ (“face”). Cognate with Thai หน้า (nâa), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨶ᩶ᩣ, Lao ໜ້າ (nā), Lü ᦐᦱᧉ (ṅaa²), Tai Dam ꪘ꫁ꪱ, Shan ၼႃႈ (nāa), Tai Nüa ᥘᥣᥲ (làa) or ᥢᥣᥲ (nàa), Ahom 𑜃𑜠 (na) or 𑜃𑜡 (nā).

cog

Lü ᦐᦱᧉ (ṅaa²)


gyu

head

gyu (Sawndip form 𦺥, 1957–1982 spelling gyu)


gyu

gyu (Sawndip forms 𥑮 or 𰥈 or ⿰圤都 or 沽 or 浗 or ⿰石盐, 1957–1982 spelling gyu)

𥑮 (Sawndip)
𰥈 (Sawndip)
⿰圤都 (Sawndip)
沽 (Sawndip)
浗 (Sawndip)
⿰石盐 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *klwɯəᴬ (“salt”). Cognate with Thai เกลือ (glʉʉa), Northern Thai ᨠᩖᩮᩬᩥᩋ, Lao ເກືອ (kư̄a), Tai Dam ꪹꪀ, Shan ၵိူဝ် (kǒe), Ahom 𑜀𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (küw), Nong Zhuang gow. Compare also Lakkia kjie⁵¹.


beixsau

From beix (“elder sibling”) + sau (“girl”).


biengzbeih

biengzbeih (Sawndip form 螃蚍, 1957–1982 spelling bieŋƨbeiƅ)


lwggaet

From lwg- (“small object”) + gaet (“button”).


lwgvuengz

/lɯk˧ βuːŋ˧˩/


buhbeu

From buh (“clothing”) + beu (“single-layered”).


buhdakhanh

head

buhdakhanh (1957–1982 spelling buƅdakhanƅ)


buhbing

From buh (“clothing”) + bing (“soldier; troops”).


loh

head

loh (classifier diuz, Sawndip form 垎, 1957–1982 spelling loƅ)


laux

laux (Sawndip forms 佬 or 老, 1957–1982 spelling lauч)


laux

laux (Sawndip form 𫢬, 1957–1982 spelling lauч)


cib

cib (Sawndip form 十, 1957–1982 spelling cib)

From Middle Chinese 十 (MC dzyip, “ten”). Cognate with Thai สิบ (sìp), Northern Thai ᩈᩥ᩠ᨷ, Lao ສິບ (sip), Lü ᦉᦲᧇ (ṡiib), Tai Dam ꪎꪲꪚ, Shan သိပ်း (síp), Tai Nüa ᥔᥤᥙᥴ (síp), Ahom 𑜏𑜢𑜆𑜫 (sip), Bouyei xib, Saek ซิ̄บ.

cib maenz


asoi

/ʔa˨˦ θoːi˨˦/


alungz

/ʔa˨˦ luŋ˧˩/

(dialectal) maternal uncle (mother's brother-in-law)


gim

Borrowed from Chinese 金 (MC kim). Cognate with Thai คำ (kam), Northern Thai ᨤᩴᩣ, Lao ຄຳ (kham), Lü ᦆᧄ (xam), Shan ၶမ်း (khám), Ahom 𑜁𑜪 (khaṃ) or 𑜁𑜞𑜪 (khraṃ), Saek กฺั๊ม.


cij

cij (Sawndip forms 𭨪 or 𰞀 or ⿰只乃 or ⿱乳只 or ⿰⿱爫𬺻止 or 指 or 止 or 𦜘 or ⿰月之 or 𡛰, 1957–1982 spelling ciз)

𭨪 (Sawndip)
𰞀 (Sawndip)
⿰只乃 (Sawndip)
⿱乳只 (Sawndip)
⿰⿱爫𬺻止 (Sawndip)
指 (Sawndip)
止 (Sawndip)
𦜘 (Sawndip)
⿰月之 (Sawndip)
𡛰 (Sawndip)


cij

cij (Sawndip form 抧, 1957–1982 spelling ciз)


cij

cij (Sawndip form 只, 1957–1982 spelling ciз)


cik

cik (Sawndip forms 𰍵 or 𰒷 or 𠲔, 1957–1982 spelling cik)


cik

chi; Chinese foot (equivalent to ¹/₃ meter)


cuk

cuk (Sawndip form 𮇟, 1957–1982 spelling cuk)


cuk

cuk (Sawndip forms 𭎣 or 𥭽 or 搐, 1957–1982 spelling cuk)


cuk

sir; mister (term of address for an unrelated man of the same generation as but younger than one's father)


daj

daj (Sawndip form 打, 1957–1982 spelling daз)

From Chinese 打 (“to hit; dummy verb; from”).

daj caekhaex

daj denva

Used as a dummy verb to make a verbal phrase from a noun.

daj yizmyauz

daj cien

to play (a sport involving balls with hand)


daj

From Chinese 打 (“dozen”), ultimately from English dozen.


𡧳

Sawndip form of sai (“(dialectal, of flowers) to bloom”)


aek

aek (Sawndip forms 膉 or 𱅭 or 胹 or 𦙜 or 臆 or 憶, 1957–1982 spelling ək)

膉 (Sawndip)
𱅭 (Sawndip)
胹 (Sawndip)
𦙜 (Sawndip)
臆 (Sawndip)
憶 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʔɤkᴰ (“chest”), from Old Chinese 臆 (OC *qɯɡ). Cognate with Thai อก (òk), Northern Thai ᩋᩫ᩠ᨠ, Isan เอิก, Lao ອົກ (ʼok) or ເອິກ (ʼœk), Shan ဢိုၵ်း (ʼúek), Ahom 𑜒𑜤𑜀𑜫 (ʼuk, “breast”).

cog

Shan ဢိုၵ်း (ʼúek)


𡗶

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 天 (“sky”) + 上 (“up”) – up. Compare 𬻊 (“down”).


bae

head

bae (Sawndip forms 𭆛 or 丕 or 批 or 䢙 or 贝 or 𫨰, 1957–1982 spelling bəi)

𭆛 (Sawndip)
丕 (Sawndip)
批 (Sawndip)
䢙 (Sawndip)
贝 (Sawndip)
𫨰 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *pajᴬ (“to go”). Cognate with Thai ไป (bpai), Northern Thai ᨻᩱ (pai), Khün ᨻᩱ (pai), Lao ໄປ (pai), Lü ᦺᦔ (ṗay) and ᦺᦗ (pay), Tai Dam ꪼꪜ, Shan ပႆ (pǎi), Aiton ပႝ (pay), Bouyei bail.

(of a firearm) to go off accidentally; to discharge accidentally


bae

Used after a verb to indicate removal of an object.


bae

Compare Cantonese 批 (pai1, “to plaster”).


㕷

Sawndip form of baeg (“to be tired; to gasp”)


nduk

nduk (Sawndip forms 𰘙 or ⿱𥫗腐 or ⿰毒独 or 蝳 or ⿰腐各 or 浞 or 柮 or ⿰出朽 or 𭫆 or 凟 or ⿱奴灬 or 𰪋 or 𠯿 or 梇 or ⿱烂独, 1957–1982 spelling ƌuk)

𰘙 (Sawndip)
⿱𥫗腐 (Sawndip)
⿰毒独 (Sawndip)
蝳 (Sawndip)
⿰腐各 (Sawndip)
浞 (Sawndip)
柮 (Sawndip)
⿰出朽 (Sawndip)
𭫆 (Sawndip)
凟 (Sawndip)
⿱奴灬 (Sawndip)
𰪋 (Sawndip)
𠯿 (Sawndip)
梇 (Sawndip)
⿱烂独 (Sawndip)


nduk

vicious; ruthless; malicious; malevolent


nduk

nduk (classifier aen, Sawndip forms ⿰月𣈉 or ⿰月督, 1957–1982 spelling ƌuk)

aen (classifier)
⿰月𣈉 (Sawndip)
⿰月督 (Sawndip)


caem

caem (Sawndip forms 冗 or 𥑀 or 针, 1957–1982 spelling cəm)

From Proto-Tai *cɤmᴬ (“to sink”). Cognate with Thai จม (jom), Northern Thai ᨧᩫ᩠ᨾ, Lao ຈົມ (chom), Lü ᦈᦳᧄ (ṫsum), Shan ၸူမ် (tsǔum), Ahom 𑜋𑜤𑜉𑜫 (chum).


㳠

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 达 (OC *tʰeːds)


䦦

Sawndip form of imq (“to be full; to be satiated”)


䰾

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː)


Lanz

From raemx (“water”), via Mandarin 藍／蓝 (Lán).


loek

head

loek (Sawndip forms 𮝄 or 䡜 or 𣏥, 1957–1982 spelling lɵk)

From Chinese 轆 (MC luwk). Compare Thai ล้อ (lɔ́ɔ).


loek

loek (Sawndip forms 𰽉 or 𠯿 or 𫼚 or 𣏥 or 六, 1957–1982 spelling lɵk)

𰽉 (Sawndip)
𠯿 (Sawndip)
𫼚 (Sawndip)
𣏥 (Sawndip)
六 (Sawndip)


geiz

geiz (Sawndip forms 鯕 or ⿺支其, 1957–1982 spelling geiƨ)


reih

reih (Sawndip forms 𫭴 or 唎 or 𰤩 or 𪣛 or 利 or 黎, 1957–1982 spelling reiƅ)

𫭴 (Sawndip)
唎 (Sawndip)
𰤩 (Sawndip)
𪣛 (Sawndip)
利 (Sawndip)
黎 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *rɤjᴮ (“dry field”). Cognate with Thai ไร่ (râi), Northern Thai ᩁᩱ᩵, Isan ไฮ่, Lao ໄຮ່ (hai), Lü ᦺᦣᧈ (hay¹), Shan ႁႆႈ (hāi), Ahom 𑜑𑜩 (hay).


Sawndip

Sawndip (Sawndip form 𭨡𮄫, 1957–1982 spelling Səɯƌip)

→ English: Sawndip

/θaɯ˨˦ ɗip˥/

From saw (“character”) + ndip (“uncooked, immature”), literally "immature characters".

af

Chinese character
Chinese character#English

Sawndip (the traditional Chinese character-derived script used to write the Zhuang language)


vuj

From Proto-Tai *ʰwɯəꟲ (“cloud”). Cognate with Thai ฝ้า (fâa).


fwn

head

fwn (Sawndip forms 雰 or 汾 or 𭑆 or 𮦇 or 分, 1957–1982 spelling fɯn)

雰 (Sawndip)
汾 (Sawndip)
𭑆 (Sawndip)
𮦇 (Sawndip)
分 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̥.wɯnᴬ (“rain”). Cognate with Thai ฝน (fǒn), Northern Thai ᨺᩫ᩠ᨶ, Lao ຝົນ (fon), Lü ᦚᦳᧃ (ḟun), Tai Dam ꪶꪠꪙ, Shan ၽူၼ် (phǔun) or ၾူၼ် (fǔun), Ahom 𑜇𑜤𑜃𑜫 (phun), Nong Zhuang paen, Saek หวึ่น.

cog

Lü ᦚᦳᧃ (ḟun)

Fwn doek.


gyaeuj

head

gyaeuj (Sawndip forms 𬼣 or 𱄋 or 𮚷 or 位 or 馗 or 𮛓 or 玖 or 久 or ⿰豆久 or ⿰豆九 or ⿰首久 or ⿰首九 or 九 or 邱 or 㪷 or 苟 or ⿰苟头 or ⿰豆头 or 𭇚 or 𮩠 or 𮩢 or 𭑎 or 柳, 1957–1982 spelling gyəuз)

𬼣 (Sawndip)
𱄋 (Sawndip)
𮚷 (Sawndip)
位 (Sawndip)
馗 (Sawndip)
𮛓 (Sawndip)
玖 (Sawndip)
久 (Sawndip)
⿰豆久 (Sawndip)
⿰豆九 (Sawndip)
⿰首久 (Sawndip)
⿰首九 (Sawndip)
九 (Sawndip)
邱 (Sawndip)
㪷 (Sawndip)
苟 (Sawndip)
⿰苟头 (Sawndip)
⿰豆头 (Sawndip)
𭇚 (Sawndip)
𮩠 (Sawndip)
𮩢 (Sawndip)
𭑎 (Sawndip)
柳 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *krawꟲ (“head”); cognate with Bouyei jauc. Often thought to be the same etymon as Proto-Tai *klawꟲ (“hair knot”), whence Thai เกล้า (glâao).

end (of a long object); top (of a tall object)


raemx

raemx (Sawndip forms 淰 or 𭰽 or 淋 or 𭜯 or 𢗨 or 𣲙, 1957–1982 spelling rəmч)

淰 (Sawndip)
𭰽 (Sawndip)
淋 (Sawndip)
𭜯 (Sawndip)
𢗨 (Sawndip)
𣲙 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.namꟲ (“water”). Cognate with Ahom 𑜃𑜪 (naṃ),Lao ນ້ຳ (nam), Lü ᦓᧄᧉ (nam²), Northern Thai ᨶ᩶ᩣᩴ (nam), Shan ၼမ်ႉ (nâ̰m), Tai Dam ꪙꪾ꫁ (nam6), Tai Nüa ᥘᥛᥳ (lȧm), Thai น้ำ (náam), Southern Kam naemx, Tày nặm.

De fwngz ndeu yaeuj ndaej song doengj raemx bae!

He/she can lift two buckets of water with one hand!


byaek

byaek (Sawndip forms 苝 or ⿱艹𫩡 or ⿱艹⿰白北 or 𱾦 or 𮎩 or 苩 or 北, 1957–1982 spelling byək)

苝 (Sawndip)
⿱艹𫩡 (Sawndip)
⿱艹⿰白北 (Sawndip)
𱾦 (Sawndip)
𮎩 (Sawndip)
苩 (Sawndip)
北 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *prakᴰ (“vegetable”). Cognate with Thai ผัก (pàk), Northern Thai ᨹᩢ᩠ᨠ, Lao ຜັກ (phak), Lü ᦕᧅ (ṗhak), Tai Nüa ᥚᥐᥴ (phák), Shan ၽၵ်း (phák), Ahom 𑜇𑜀𑜫 (phak), Nong Zhuang pyaek, Bouyei byagt, Saek พรั๊ก.


mwngz

mwngz (Sawndip forms 佲 or 名 or 盟 or 萌 or 𠱷 or 門 or 门 or 孟, 1957–1982 spelling mɯŋƨ)

佲 (Sawndip)
名 (Sawndip)
盟 (Sawndip)
萌 (Sawndip)
𠱷 (Sawndip)
門 (Sawndip)
门 (Sawndip)
孟 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *mɯŋᴬ (“singular second-person pronoun (weak)”). Cognate with Thai มึง (mʉng), Lao ມຶງ (mưng), Lü ᦙᦹᧂ (mueng).


Vahcuengh

head

Vahcuengh (Sawndip form 吪僮, 1957–1982 spelling Vaƅcueŋƅ)

From vah (“language; speech”) + Cuengh (“Zhuang”).


haiz

head

haiz (classifier cik, Sawndip forms 𮧙 or 𰆻 or 𮖀 or 絯 or 𮧛 or 𮖌, 1957–1982 spelling haiƨ)

cik (classifier)
𮧙 (Sawndip)
𰆻 (Sawndip)
𮖀 (Sawndip)
絯 (Sawndip)
𮧛 (Sawndip)
𮖌 (Sawndip)


ngaenzhangz

ngaenzhangz (1957–1982 spelling ŋənƨhaŋƨ)

/ŋan˧˩ haːŋ˧˩/


nyungz

From Proto-Tai *ɲuŋᴬ (“mosquito”). Cognate with Thai ยุง (yung), Northern Thai ᨿᩩᨦ (nyung), Lao ຍຸງ (nyung), Lü ᦍᦳᧂ (yung), Shan ယုင်း (yúng), Tai Nüa ᥕᥧᥒᥰ (yüng), Aiton ယုင် (yuṅ), Ahom 𑜐𑜤𑜂𑜫 (ñuṅ), Saek ญุ๊ง, Nong Zhuang nyongz.


byayouzyiz

byayouzyiz (1957–1982 spelling byayouƨyiƨ)

From bya (“fish”) + Chinese 魷魚／鱿鱼 (yóuyú, “squid”).


vah

vah (Sawndip forms 吪 or 化, 1957–1982 spelling vaƅ)

From Chinese 話 (MC hwaejH, “to say; to speak”). Cognate with Thai ว่า (wâa), Lao ວ່າ (wā), Northern Thai ᩅ᩵ᩤ, Khün ᩅ᩵ᩤ, Lü ᦞᦱᧈ (vaa¹), Shan ဝႃႈ (wāa), Tai Dam ꪫ꪿ꪱ, Ahom 𑜈𑜠 (ba).


ngeih

ngeih (Sawndip form 二, 1957–1982 spelling ŋeiƅ)

sam cib ngeih

song cien ngeih

beix ngeih


Cunghgoz

Cunghgoz (Sawndip forms 中國 or 中国, 1957–1982 spelling Cuŋƅgoƨ)

From Mandarin 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó). Doublet of Cungguek.


Fazgoz

zh-l

法國／法国 (Fǎguó)


nyued

Compare Chinese 月 (MC ngjwot, “moon; month”).


Gvangjcouh

head

Gvangjcouh (1957–1982 spelling Gvaŋзcouƅ)

/kʷaːŋ˥ ɕou˧/

Guangzhou (the capital and largest city of Guangdong, China)


dwg

dwg (Sawndip forms 廸 or 提 or 的 or 特, 1957–1982 spelling dɯg)

廸 (Sawndip)
提 (Sawndip)
的 (Sawndip)
特 (Sawndip)


rumz

rumz (Sawndip forms 𮨭 or 林 or 淋 or 啉 or 檒 or 沨, 1957–1982 spelling rumƨ)

𮨭 (Sawndip)
林 (Sawndip)
淋 (Sawndip)
啉 (Sawndip)
檒 (Sawndip)
沨 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.lɯmᴬ (“wind”). Cognate with Thai ลม (lom), Northern Thai ᩃᩫ᩠ᨾ, Lao ລົມ (lom), Lü ᦟᦳᧄ (lum), Shan လူမ်း (lúum), Phake လုံ (luṃ), Ahom 𑜎𑜪𑜤 (laṃu), Bouyei ndumx or rumx.


boux

boux (Sawndip forms 俌 or 𠇑 or 伓 or 布 or 甫 or 伕 or 扶 or 仆 or 卟 or 哺 or 佈 or 卩 or 卜, 1957–1982 spelling bouч)

俌 (Sawndip)
𠇑 (Sawndip)
伓 (Sawndip)
布 (Sawndip)
甫 (Sawndip)
伕 (Sawndip)
扶 (Sawndip)
仆 (Sawndip)
卟 (Sawndip)
哺 (Sawndip)
佈 (Sawndip)
卩 (Sawndip)
卜 (Sawndip)

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 甫 (MC pjuX). Cognate with Bouyei bux, Thai ผู้ (pûu), Lao ຜູ້ (phū), Lü ᦕᦴᧉ (ṗhuu²), Shan ၽူႈ (phūu), Ahom 𑜇𑜥 (phū).

cog

Lü ᦕᦴᧉ (ṗhuu²)

song boux vunz


moh

head

moh (Sawndip forms 塻 or 𫮲 or 𮁒 or 𡊉, 1957–1982 spelling moƅ)

塻 (Sawndip)
𫮲 (Sawndip)
𮁒 (Sawndip)
𡊉 (Sawndip)


diuz

diuz (Sawndip form 条, 1957–1982 spelling diuƨ)

Used for statements or questions in a list.


mbouj

mbouj (Sawndip forms 否 or 冇 or 芪 or 布 or 保 or 𪜢 or 不, 1957–1982 spelling ƃouз)

否 (Sawndip)
冇 (Sawndip)
芪 (Sawndip)
布 (Sawndip)
保 (Sawndip)
𪜢 (Sawndip)
不 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *boːᴮ. Compare Isan บ่อ, Lao ບໍ່ (bǭ), Lü ᦢᧁᧈ (ḃaw¹), Nong Zhuang mboq.

cog

Lü ᦢᧁᧈ (ḃaw¹)


nengzgoemj

head

nengzgoemj (1957–1982 spelling neŋƨgɵmз)


ronghrib

ronghrib (Sawndip form 𭀴𧉼, 1957–1982 spelling roŋƅrib)

/ɣoːŋ˧ ɣip˧/


nengzgengz

nengzgengz (Sawndip form 𧉞𧌬, 1957–1982 spelling neŋƨgeŋƨ)

/neːŋ˧˩ keːŋ˧˩/

From nengz (“winged insect”) + a morpheme derived from Proto-Tai *geːŋᴬ (“stinkbug”).


rwed

From Proto-Tai *C̬.rɯətᴰ (“bedbug”). Cognate with Thai เรือด (rʉ̂ʉat), Lao ເຮືອດ (hư̄at), Shan ႁိူတ်ႈ (hōet), Ahom 𑜍𑜢𑜤𑜄𑜫 (rüt).


nyaenmeuz

From nyaen (“wild animal”) + meuz (“cat”).


daeuj

daeuj (Sawndip forms 䢏 or 斗 or 﨣 or 𧻿, 1957–1982 spelling dəuз)

䢏 (Sawndip)
斗 (Sawndip)
﨣 (Sawndip)
𧻿 (Sawndip)


meuz

Onomatopoeic, from the animal's cry. Compare Chinese 貓 (MC mjew|maew), Ahom 𑜈𑜢𑜈𑜫 (biw), Bouyei myaus, Thai แมว (mɛɛo), Northern Thai ᨾᩯ᩠ᩅ (maew), Lao ແມວ (mǣu), Lü ᦶᦙᧁ (maew), Shan မႅဝ်း (méao), Vietnamese mèo.


bingz

bingz (Sawndip forms 砰 or ⿰石⿱䒑⿻几三 or 𮀭 or 砙 or 屏, 1957–1982 spelling biŋƨ)

砰 (Sawndip)
⿰石⿱䒑⿻几三 (Sawndip)
𮀭 (Sawndip)
砙 (Sawndip)
屏 (Sawndip)


vaiz

vaiz (Sawndip forms 𤘢 or 𤜄 or 犩 or 𤘹, 1957–1982 spelling vaiƨ)

𤘢 (Sawndip)
𤜄 (Sawndip)
犩 (Sawndip)
𤘹 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɣwaːjᴬ (“water buffalo”). Cognate with Thai ควาย (kwaai), Northern Thai ᨤ᩠ᩅᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ຄວາຍ (khuāi), Lü ᦩᦻ (xwaay), Tai Dam ꪁꪫꪱꪥ, Tai Nüa ᥑᥣᥭᥰ (xäay), Shan ၵႂၢႆး (kwáai), Ahom 𑜁𑜨𑜩 (khoy) or 𑜁𑜩 (khay), Saek ว๊าย.


cej

(polite) girl or woman who could be one's elder sister's age


𠯿

Sawndip form of nduk (“rotten; vicious”)


giuz

giuz (Sawndip forms 橋 or 桥, 1957–1982 spelling giuƨ)


giuz

giuz (Sawndip form 球, 1957–1982 spelling giuƨ)


beuzgeng

/peːu˧˩ keːŋ˨˦/


beuzgeng

/peːu˧˩ keːŋ˨˦/


heuj

heuj (Sawndip forms 𭷐 or 𰠣 or 𭷑 or 啨 or 𱓪 or 呺 or ⿰好交 or 𬹺 or 𠲡, 1957–1982 spelling heuз)

𭷐 (Sawndip)
𰠣 (Sawndip)
𭷑 (Sawndip)
啨 (Sawndip)
𱓪 (Sawndip)
呺 (Sawndip)
⿰好交 (Sawndip)
𬹺 (Sawndip)
𠲡 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *χeːwᶜ (“fang”). Cognate with Thai เขี้ยว (kîao), Northern Thai ᨡ᩠᩶ᨿᩅ, Isan แข่ว or แข้ว, Lao ແຂ້ວ (khǣu), Shan ၶဵဝ်ႈ (khāeo), Ahom 𑜁𑜢𑜈𑜫 (khiw).


geuz

geuz (Sawndip form 𨥿, 1957–1982 spelling geuƨ)

From Chinese 鉸 (MC kaew|kaewX|kaewH). Compare Vietnamese kéo.


yaekseiz

key (device for opening and closing a lock)


mbei

From Proto-Tai *ɓliːᴬ (“gallbladder; bile”). Cognate with Thai ดี (dii), Lao ບີ (bī), Shan လီ (lǐi), Ahom 𑜓𑜣 (dī) or 𑜎𑜣 (lī).


fwed

fwed (Sawndip forms 𭯗 or 𬆿 or 羽 or 𰭡 or ⿰发厾 or 撥 or 勿 or ⿺支勿 or ⿺毛若 or 𣭜, 1957–1982 spelling fɯed)

𭯗 (Sawndip)
𬆿 (Sawndip)
羽 (Sawndip)
𰭡 (Sawndip)
⿰发厾 (Sawndip)
撥 (Sawndip)
勿 (Sawndip)
⿺支勿 (Sawndip)
⿺毛若 (Sawndip)
𣭜 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *wɯətᴰ (“wing”). Cognate with Bouyei fead.


mauh

mauh (classifier aen, Sawndip forms 𫷀 or 冐, 1957–1982 spelling mauƅ)

aen (classifier)
𫷀 (Sawndip)
冐 (Sawndip)


mauh

mauh (Sawndip forms 𰟀 or 冐 or 𤆬, 1957–1982 spelling mauƅ)


rwi

rwi (Sawndip forms 𧒽 or 𬠵 or 𰳍 or 螺, 1957–1982 spelling rɯi)

𧒽 (Sawndip)
𬠵 (Sawndip)
𰳍 (Sawndip)
螺 (Sawndip)


ciq

ciq (Sawndip forms 𰃚 or ⿰借是 or ⿰借至 or ⿱借切 or ⿰口賒, 1957–1982 spelling ciƽ)

𰃚 (Sawndip)
⿰借是 (Sawndip)
⿰借至 (Sawndip)
⿱借切 (Sawndip)
⿰口賒 (Sawndip)


gaeq

gaeq (classifier duz, Sawndip forms 䲸 or 盖 or 𱈱, 1957–1982 spelling gəiƽ)

duz (classifier)
䲸 (Sawndip)
盖 (Sawndip)
𱈱 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *kajᴮ (“chicken”). Cognate with Thai ไก่ (gài), Northern Thai ᨠᩱ᩵ (kai), Lao ໄກ່ (kai), Lü ᦺᦂᧈ (k̇ay¹), Tai Dam ꪼꪀ꪿, Shan ၵႆႇ (kài), Tai Nüa ᥐᥭᥱ (kǎy), Aiton ကႝ (kay), Ahom 𑜀𑜩 (kay), Bouyei gais, Saek ไก. Also compare Middle Chinese 雞 (MC kej, “chicken”).

cog

Lü ᦺᦂᧈ (k̇ay¹)


ranz

head

ranz (Sawndip forms 𭓨 or 兰 or 䒟 or 苒 or 栏, 1957–1982 spelling ranƨ)

𭓨 (Sawndip)
兰 (Sawndip)
䒟 (Sawndip)
苒 (Sawndip)
栏 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *rɤːnᴬ (“house”). Cognate with Thai เรือน (rʉʉan), Northern Thai ᩁᩮᩥᩬᩁ, Isan เฮือน, Lao ເຮືອນ (hư̄an), Lü ᦵᦣᦲᧃ (hoen), Tai Dam ꪹꪭꪙ, Shan ႁိူၼ်း (hóen), Ahom 𑜍𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (rün), Tày rườn, Bouyei raanz, Zuojiang Zhuang rwenz.


hagseng

/haːk˧ θeːŋ˨˦/


swcigih

/θɯ˧˥ ɕi˧˥ ki˧/

Borrowed from Mandarin 自治區／自治区 (zìzhìqū).

zh-l

自治區／自治区 (zìzhìqū)

Gvangjsih Bouxcuengh Swcigih


Gvangjsih

head

Gvangjsih (Sawndip form 廣西, 1957–1982 spelling Gvaŋзsiƅ)

/kʷaːŋ˥ θi˧/


𬌗

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 牙 (“tooth”) + phonetic 合.


nuem

head

nuem (Sawndip form 蝻, 1957–1982 spelling nuem)

Cognate with Thai เหลือม (lʉ̌ʉam, “python”).


yinhyoz

zh-l

音樂／音乐 (yīnyuè)


sawloih

/θaɯ˨˦ loːi˧/


Ayuzvuengz

head

Ayuzvuengz (1957–1982 spelling Ayuƨvueŋƨ)

/ʔa˨˦ ju˧˩ βuːŋ˧˩/

From Mandarin 阿育 (Āyù) + vuengz (“king; emperor”). Calque of Chinese 阿育王 (Āyùwáng).


𩈩

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 面 (“face”) + phonetic 那 (OC *naːl, *naːlʔ, *naːls)


maxlaeuz

head

maxlaeuz (Sawndip forms 獁𤠑 or 獁𤠋 or 獁留 or 獁騮, 1957–1982 spelling maчləuƨ)

獁𤠑 (Sawndip)
獁𤠋 (Sawndip)
獁留 (Sawndip)
獁騮 (Sawndip)

Compare Cantonese 馬騮／马骝 (maa5 lau1, “monkey”).


gouj

From Proto-Tai *kɤwꟲ (“nine”), from Middle Chinese 九 (MC kjuwX, “nine”). Cognate with Thai เก้า (gâao), Northern Thai ᨠᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ, Lao ເກົ້າ (kao), Lü ᦂᧁᧉ (k̇aw²), Tai Dam ꪹꪀ꫁ꪱ, Shan ၵဝ်ႈ (kāo), Tai Nüa ᥐᥝᥲ (kàw), Ahom 𑜀𑜧 (kaw), Bouyei guz, Saek กู̂.

cog

Lü ᦂᧁᧉ (k̇aw²)


caet

From Proto-Tai *cetᴰ (“seven”), from Middle Chinese 七 (MC tshit, “seven”). Cognate with Thai เจ็ด (jèt), Lao ເຈັດ (chet), Lü ᦵᦈᧆ (ṫsed), Tai Dam ꪹꪊꪸꪒ, Shan ၸဵတ်း (tsáet), Tai Nüa ᥓᥥᥖᥱ (tsět), Ahom 𑜋𑜢𑜄𑜫 (chit), Bouyei xadt, Nong Zhuang jiat.


seiq

From Proto-Tai *siːᴮ (“four”), from Middle Chinese 四 (MC sijH, “four”). Cognate with Thai สี่ (sìi), Northern Thai ᩈᩦ᩵, Lao ສີ່ (sī), Lü ᦉᦲᧈ (ṡii¹), Tai Dam ꪎꪲ꪿, Shan သီႇ (sìi), Tai Nüa ᥔᥤᥱ (sǐ), Ahom 𑜏𑜣 (sī), Bouyei sis.

Lü ᦉᦲᧈ (ṡii¹)


loeg

From Proto-Tai *krokᴰ (“six”), from Old Chinese 六 (OC *ruɡ, “six”). Cognate with Thai หก (hòk), Northern Thai ᩉᩫ᩠ᨠ, Lao ຫົກ (hok), Lü ᦷᦠᧅ (ḣok), Tai Dam ꪶꪬꪀ, Shan ႁူၵ်း (húuk), Tai Nüa ᥞᥨᥐᥱ (hǒk), Ahom 𑜍𑜤𑜀𑜫 (ruk), Bouyei rogt, Nong Zhuang choak.

Lü ᦷᦠᧅ (ḣok)


banjgienz

head

banjgienz (1957–1982 spelling banзgienƨ)

zh-l

版權／版权 (bǎnquán)


dennauj

電腦／电脑 (diànnǎo)


Cungguek Gungcanjdangj

head

Cungguek Gungcanjdangj (1957–1982 spelling Cuŋguek Guŋcanзdaŋз)

/ɕuŋ˨˦ kuːk˧˥ kuŋ˨˦ ɕaːn˥ taːŋ˥/

Cungguek (“China”) + gungcanjdangj (“communist party”).

com

Communist Party of China
Communist Party of China


seveicujyi

head

seveicujyi (Sawndip forms 社會主義 or 社会主义, 1957–1982 spelling seveicuзyi)

/θe˧˥ βei˧˥ ɕu˥ ji˧˥/

Borrowed from Mandarin 社會主義／社会主义 (shèhuì zhǔyì).

zh-l

社會主義／社会主义 (shèhuì zhǔyì)

seveicujyi miz Cungguek daegsaek
socialism with Chinese characteristics


daih

head

daih (Sawndip forms 大 or 太, 1957–1982 spelling daiƅ)

daih cibcaet


daih

daih (Sawndip forms 待 or 代, 1957–1982 spelling daiƅ)

to behave (toward somebody); to treat (somebody)


𫢉

Sawndip form of gauq (“(dialectal) to nurse; to care for; to protect”)


ndaw

From Proto-Tai *C̥.daɰᴬ (“inside”). Cognate with Thai ใน (nai), Lao ໃນ (nai), Lü ᦺᦓ (nay), Shan ၼႂ်း (náue), Ahom 𑜃𑜧 (naw).


lwgsau

/lɯk˧ θaːu˨˦/

From lwg (“child”) + sau (“girl”). Cognate with Thai ลูกสาว (lûuk-sǎao), Lao ລູກສາວ (lūk sāo).


lwgsai

/lɯk˧ θaːi˨˦/

From lwg (“child”) + sai (“man; male”). Cognate with Thai ลูกชาย (lûuk-chaai).


daengngoenz

daengngoenz (1957–1982 spelling dəŋŋɵnƨ)

/taŋ˨˦ ŋon˧˩/

From daeng (“light”) + ngoenz (“day; daytime”). Cognate with Bouyei danglngonz.

compound

sun (the star around which the Earth revolves)


Mulaujcuz

head

Mulaujcuz (1957–1982 spelling Mulauзcuƨ)

zh-l

仫佬族 (Mùlǎozú)


Vujmingz

武鳴／武鸣 (Wǔmíng)

Wuming (a district of Nanning, Guangxi, China)


Yauzcuz

/jaːu˧˩ ɕu˧˩/

瑤族／瑶族 (Yáozú)


vunzsoq

/βun˧˩ θo˧˥/

vunz + soq. Compare Chinese 人數／人数 (rénshù).


feihgih

head

feihgih (classifier gyaq, 1957–1982 spelling feiƅgiƅ)

zh-l

飛機／飞机 (fēijī)


Veizcuz

/βei˧˩ ɕu˧˩/


Dungcuz

/tuŋ˨˦ ɕu˧˩/


Namzningz

Nanning (a prefecture-level city, the capital of Guangxi, China)


Suijcuz

/θuːi˥ ɕu˧˩/


Mauznanzcuz

head

Mauznanzcuz (1957–1982 spelling Mauƨnanƨcuƨ)

/maːu˧˩ naːn˧˩ ɕu˧˩/


ronghndwen

ronghndwen (1957–1982 spelling roŋƅƌɯen)

/ɣoːŋ˧ ɗɯːn˨˦/

From rongh (“light”) + ndwen (“moon; month”). Cognate with Bouyei roonghndianl.

moon (largest natural satellite of planet Earth)


Gwzlaujcuz

Gwzlaujcuz (1957–1982 spelling Gɯƨlauзcuƨ)

/kɯ˧˩ laːu˥ ɕu˧˩/


lwed

lwed (Sawndip forms 𬠼 or 𧖩 or ⿱丿⿴𠀃丨 or 𮕠 or 洫 or 𣼷 or 𰳨 or 沥, 1957–1982 spelling lɯed)

𬠼 (Sawndip)
𧖩 (Sawndip)
⿱丿⿴𠀃丨 (Sawndip)
𮕠 (Sawndip)
洫 (Sawndip)
𣼷 (Sawndip)
𰳨 (Sawndip)
沥 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *lɯətᴰ (“blood”). Cognate with Thai เลือด (lʉ̂ʉat), Lao ເລືອດ (lư̄at), Lü ᦵᦟᦲᧆ (loed), Shan လိူတ်ႈ (lōet), Aiton လိုတ် (lüt), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜤𑜄𑜫 (lüt), Bouyei liad, Nong Zhuang lowd, Saek หล้วด.


Myauzcuz

/mʲaːu˧˩ ɕu˧˩/


lumz

lumz (Sawndip forms 𢛓 or 啉 or 罧 or 惀 or 淋 or 諃, 1957–1982 spelling lumƨ)

𢛓 (Sawndip)
啉 (Sawndip)
罧 (Sawndip)
惀 (Sawndip)
淋 (Sawndip)
諃 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *lɯːmᴬ (“to forget”). Cognate with Thai ลืม (lʉʉm), Northern Thai ᩃᩨ᩠ᨾ, Lao ລືມ (lư̄m), Khün ᩃᩨ᩠ᨾ, Lü ᦟᦹᧄ (luem), Tai Dam ꪩꪳꪣ, Shan လိုမ်း (lúem), Tai Nüa ᥘᥪᥛᥰ (lüem), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜤𑜉𑜫 (lüm).


Bouxgun

Bouxgun (Sawndip form 俌倱, 1957–1982 spelling Bouчgun)

From boux- (“a person of a particular type”) + Gun (“Han”).


Baekging

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


bingzdaengj

head

bingzdaengj (1957–1982 spelling biŋƨdəŋз)


gozciz

zh-l

國籍／国籍 (guójí)

Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Boux boux miz gozciz.

Everyone has the right to a nationality.


genzli

權利／权利 (quánlì)

Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Mbouj ndaej bozdoz boux vunz dih gozciz, hix mbouj ndaej foujyin de gaijbienq gozciz dih genzli.

No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.


beixnuengx

head

beixnuengx (1957–1982 spelling beiчnueŋч)

zh-l

貝儂／贝侬 (bèinóng)

→ Chinese: 貝儂／贝侬 (bèinóng)

From beix (“older sibling”) + nuengx (“younger sibling”). Compare Thai พี่น้อง (pîi-nɔ́ɔng).


raeuz

head

raeuz (Sawndip forms 僂 or 偻 or 伷 or 晋, 1957–1982 spelling rəuƨ)

僂 (Sawndip)
偻 (Sawndip)
伷 (Sawndip)
晋 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *rawᴬ (“first person plural pronoun”). Cognate with Thai เรา (rao), Northern Thai ᩁᩮᩢᩣ, Isan เฮา, Lao ເຮົາ (hao), Lü ᦣᧁ (haw), Tai Dam ꪹꪭꪱ, Tai Nüa ᥞᥝᥰ (häw), Shan ႁဝ်း (háo), Ahom 𑜍𑜧 (raw), 𑜍𑜈𑜫 (raw) or 𑜍𑜧𑜈𑜫 (raww), Bouyei rauz.


gyoengqde

head

gyoengqde (Sawndip forms 𬾀𬿇 or 众𬿇 or 众他, 1957–1982 spelling gyɵŋƽde)

/kʲoŋ˧˥ te˨˦/

From gyoengq (“group; crowd; gang”) + de (“he; she; it”).


hix

head

hix (Sawndip forms 亦 or 如 or 以 or 日 or 一 or 吔, 1957–1982 spelling hiч)

亦 (Sawndip)
如 (Sawndip)
以 (Sawndip)
日 (Sawndip)
一 (Sawndip)
吔 (Sawndip)


seiqgyaiq

seiqgyaiq (1957–1982 spelling seiƽgyaiƽ)

/θei˧˥ kʲaːi˧˥/

Borrowed from Chinese 世界 (MC syejH keajH).

Seiqgyaiq Yinzgenz Senhyenz


gakcungj

/kaːk˧˥ ɕuŋ˥/

zh-l

各種／各种 (gèzhǒng)


beix

head

beix (Sawndip forms 𤿌 or 佊 or 仳 or 𠾦 or 皮 or 彼, 1957–1982 spelling beiч)

𤿌 (Sawndip)
佊 (Sawndip)
仳 (Sawndip)
𠾦 (Sawndip)
皮 (Sawndip)
彼 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *biːᴮ (“older sibling”). Cognate with Thai พี่ (pîi), Northern Thai ᨻᩦ᩵, Lao ພີ່ (phī), Lü ᦗᦲᧈ (pii¹), Shan ပီႈ (pīi), Ahom 𑜆𑜣 (pī), Bouyei bix.

(chiefly in folk songs) A term of address used by a girl to her boyfriend.


vuengz

vuengz (Sawndip form 王, 1957–1982 spelling vueŋƨ)


wngdang

wngdang (Sawndip forms 應當 or 应当, 1957–1982 spelling ɯŋdaŋ)

/ʔɯŋ˨˦ taːŋ˨˦/


ndeu

ndeu (Sawndip forms 了 or 刁 or 吊 or 𠲢 or 尞 or 𠮩, 1957–1982 spelling ƌeu)

了 (Sawndip)
刁 (Sawndip)
吊 (Sawndip)
𠲢 (Sawndip)
尞 (Sawndip)
𠮩 (Sawndip)

boux vunz ndeu


caeuq

caeuq (Sawndip forms 𪝈 or 受 or 湊, 1957–1982 spelling cəuƽ)


coenz

coenz (Sawndip forms 咰 or 旬 or 𠲰 or 𠱜 or 询 or 𮞁 or 訰 or 呅 or 呴 or 𡆂 or 陈, 1957–1982 spelling cɵnƨ)

咰 (Sawndip)
旬 (Sawndip)
𠲰 (Sawndip)
𠱜 (Sawndip)
询 (Sawndip)
𮞁 (Sawndip)
訰 (Sawndip)
呅 (Sawndip)
呴 (Sawndip)
𡆂 (Sawndip)
陈 (Sawndip)


coenz

song coenz yah


couh

couh (Sawndip forms 𰍯 or 受 or 尤 or 仇 or 祖, 1957–1982 spelling couƅ)

𰍯 (Sawndip)
受 (Sawndip)
尤 (Sawndip)
仇 (Sawndip)
祖 (Sawndip)


couh

couh (Sawndip forms 㖟 or 就, 1957–1982 spelling couƅ)


fwngz

fwngz (Sawndip forms 摓 or 㐿 or 抙 or 逢 or 𢪘 or 𢪖, 1957–1982 spelling fɯŋƨ)

摓 (Sawndip)
㐿 (Sawndip)
抙 (Sawndip)
逢 (Sawndip)
𢪘 (Sawndip)
𢪖 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *mwɯːᴬ (“hand”). Cognate with Lao ມື (mư̄), Thai มือ (mʉʉ), dialectal Zhuang mwz, Bouyei fengz.


daengz

daengz (Sawndip forms 𦘭 or 𭨫 or 𰗇 or 𬁰 or 𭨦 or 肫 or 腾 or 𰙚 or 𱥄 or 仃 or 𮍢 or 滕, 1957–1982 spelling dəŋƨ)

𦘭 (Sawndip)
𭨫 (Sawndip)
𰗇 (Sawndip)
𬁰 (Sawndip)
𭨦 (Sawndip)
肫 (Sawndip)
腾 (Sawndip)
𰙚 (Sawndip)
𱥄 (Sawndip)
仃 (Sawndip)
𮍢 (Sawndip)
滕 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.tɤŋᴬ (“to arrive”). Cognate with Thai ถึง (tʉ̌ng), Northern Thai ᨳᩮᩥ᩠ᨦ, Lao ເຖິງ (thœng), Shan ထိုင် (thǔeng), Ahom 𑜌𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 (thüṅ).


daengz

daj Baekging daengz Vujmingz
from Beijing to Wuming


daengz

Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Gyahdingz dwg bonjlaiz gijbwnj dih sevei danhyenz, wngdang ndaej daengz sevei caeuq guekgya dih baujhu.

The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to [lit. able to receive] protection by society and the State.


Gveilinz

Guilin (a prefecture-level city in Guangxi, China)


Baksaek

Baksaek (Sawndip form 百色, 1957–1982 spelling Baksək)

→ Chinese: 百色 (Bǎisè)

Baise (a prefecture-level city in Guangxi, China)


cib it

Cognate with Lao ສິບເອັດ (sip ʼet), Lü ᦉᦲᧇᦵᦀᧆ (ṡiib˙ʼed), Shan သိပ်းဢဵတ်း (síp ʼáet) and Thai สิบเอ็ด (sìp-èt).

cog

Lü ᦉᦲᧇᦵᦀᧆ (ṡiib˙ʼed)

Shan သိပ်းဢဵတ်း (síp ʼáet)


cib loeg

Cognate with Lao ສິບຫົກ (sip hok), Lü ᦉᦲᧇᦷᦠᧅ (ṡiibḣok), Shan သိပ်းႁူၵ်း (síp húuk) and Thai สิบหก (sìp-hòk).

Lü ᦉᦲᧇᦷᦠᧅ (ṡiibḣok)

Shan သိပ်းႁူၵ်း (síp húuk)


cib sam

/ɕip˧ θaːm˨˦/

Cognate with Lao ສິບສາມ (sip sām), Lü ᦉᦲᧇᦉᦱᧄ (ṡiibṡaam), Shan သိပ်းသၢမ် (síp sǎam) and Thai สิบสาม (sìp-sǎam).

Lü ᦉᦲᧇᦉᦱᧄ (ṡiibṡaam)

Shan သိပ်းသၢမ် (síp sǎam)


cib ngeih

Cognate with Lao ສິບສອງ (sip sǭng), Lü ᦉᦲᧇᦉᦸᧂ (ṡiibṡoang), Shan သိပ်းသွင် (síp sǎung) and Thai สิบสอง (sìp-sɔ̌ɔng).


cib seiq

Cognate with Lao ສິບສີ່ (sip sī), Lü ᦉᦲᧇᦉᦲᧈ (ṡiibṡii¹), Shan သိပ်းသီႇ (síp sìi) and Thai สิบสี่ (sìp-sìi).

Lü ᦉᦲᧇᦉᦲᧈ (ṡiibṡii¹)

Shan သိပ်းသီႇ (síp sìi)


cib caet

Cognate with Lao ສິບເຈັດ (sip chet), Lü ᦉᦲᧇᦵᦈᧆ (ṡiibṫsed), Shan သိပ်းၸဵတ်း (síp tsáet) and Thai สิบเจ็ด (sìp-jèt).

Lü ᦉᦲᧇᦵᦈᧆ (ṡiibṫsed)

Shan သိပ်းၸဵတ်း (síp tsáet)


cib bet

Cognate with Lao ສິບແປດ (sip pǣt), Lü ᦉᦲᧇᦶᦔᧆᧈ (ṡiibṗaed¹), Shan သိပ်းပႅတ်ႇ (síp pèt) and Thai สิบแปด (sìp-bpɛ̀ɛt).

Lü ᦉᦲᧇᦶᦔᧆᧈ (ṡiibṗaed¹)

Shan သိပ်းပႅတ်ႇ (síp pèt)


cib haj

Cognate with Lao ສິບຫ້າ (sip hā), Lü ᦉᦲᧇᦠᦱᧉ (ṡiibḣaa²), Shan သိပ်းႁႃႈ (síp hāa) and Thai สิบห้า (sìp-hâa).

Lü ᦉᦲᧇᦠᦱᧉ (ṡiibḣaa²)

Shan သိပ်းႁႃႈ (síp hāa)


cib gouj

Cognate with Lao ສິບເກົ້າ (sip kao), Lü ᦉᦲᧇᦂᧁᧉ (ṡiibk̇aw²), Shan သိပ်းၵဝ်ႈ (síp kāo) and Thai สิบเก้า (sìp-gâao).

Lü ᦉᦲᧇᦂᧁᧉ (ṡiibk̇aw²)

Shan သိပ်းၵဝ်ႈ (síp kāo)


ngaenz

From Chinese 銀 (OC *ŋrɯn). Cognate with Thai เงิน (ngən), Lao ເງິນ (ngœn), Lü ᦇᦹᧃ (nguen), Tai Dam ꪹꪉꪷꪙ, Shan ငိုၼ်း (ngúen), Phake ငိုꩫ် (ṅün), Ahom 𑜂𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (ṅün).

Ahom 𑜂𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (ṅün)


bwn

head

bwn (Sawndip forms 𭯓 or 𭯔 or 𭯞 or 𰚍 or 笨 or 枆 or ⿱毛品 or 𣮡 or 𱥞 or ⿺毛笨 or 𱥢 or 𣰨 or ⿺毛兵 or ⿱髟品 or 品 or ⿱賴毛, 1957–1982 spelling bɯn)

𭯓 (Sawndip)
𭯔 (Sawndip)
𭯞 (Sawndip)
𰚍 (Sawndip)
笨 (Sawndip)
枆 (Sawndip)
⿱毛品 (Sawndip)
𣮡 (Sawndip)
𱥞 (Sawndip)
⿺毛笨 (Sawndip)
𱥢 (Sawndip)
𣰨 (Sawndip)
⿺毛兵 (Sawndip)
⿱髟品 (Sawndip)
品 (Sawndip)
⿱賴毛 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *q.pɯlᴬ (“body hair; feather”). Cognate with Thai ขน (kǒn), Lao ຂົນ (khon), Lü ᦃᦳᧃ (ẋun), Tai Dam ꪶꪄꪙ, Shan ၶူၼ် (khǔun), Aiton ၵုꩫ် (khun), Bouyei benl, Ahom 𑜁𑜤𑜃𑜫 (khun), Nong Zhuang koan, Saek ปุ๋น.

cog

Lü ᦃᦳᧃ (ẋun)


bwn

Lü ᦃᦳᧃ (ẋun)


bwn

head

bwn (Sawndip forms 錛 or 𣬞, 1957–1982 spelling bɯn)

Compare Lü ᦔᦹᧃ (ṗuen), Thai ปืน (bpʉʉn).


bwt

bwt (Sawndip forms 肧 or 䏟 or 𰮡 or ⿱丶不, 1957–1982 spelling bɯt)

肧 (Sawndip)
䏟 (Sawndip)
𰮡 (Sawndip)
⿱丶不 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *pwɤtᴰ (“lung”), from Old Chinese 肺 (OC *pʰobs, “lung”). Cognate with Thai ปอด (bpɔ̀ɔt), Lao ປອດ (pǭt), Shan ပွတ်ႇ (pàut).


daep

daep (Sawndip forms 𦡯 or 𰨽 or ⿰扌肝 or 德 or ⿰月寺 or 𦞂 or 習, 1957–1982 spelling dəp)

𦡯 (Sawndip)
𰨽 (Sawndip)
⿰扌肝 (Sawndip)
德 (Sawndip)
⿰月寺 (Sawndip)
𦞂 (Sawndip)
習 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *tapᴰ (“liver”). Cognate with Bouyei dabt, Thai ตับ (dtàp), Northern Thai ᨲᩢ᩠ᨷ, Lao ຕັບ (tap), Lü ᦶᦎᧇ (ṫaeb) or ᦎᧇ (ṫab), Shan တပ်း (táp), Aiton တပ် (tap), Saek ตั๊บ.


daep

daep (Sawndip forms 𰋳 or 𢶣 or 𥕣 or 𮌙, 1957–1982 spelling dəp)

𰋳 (Sawndip)
𢶣 (Sawndip)
𥕣 (Sawndip)
𮌙 (Sawndip)

Cognate with Bouyei dabt (“to button; to lock”).


vuzcwngfujcujyi

vuzcwngfujcujyi (1957–1982 spelling vuƨcɯŋfuзcuзyi)

/βu˧˩ ɕɯŋ˧˥ fu˥ ɕu˥ ji˧˥/

From Mandarin 無政府主義／无政府主义 (wúzhèngfǔzhǔyì).

zh-l

無政府主義／无政府主义 (wúzhèngfǔzhǔyì)


dansuijvahozvuz

head

dansuijvahozvuz (1957–1982 spelling dansuiзvahoƨvuƨ)

/taːn˧˥ θuːi˥ βa˧˥ ho˧˩ βu˧˩/

Borrowed from Mandarin 碳水化合物 (tànshuǐ huàhéwù).


faencung

/fan˨˦ ɕuŋ˨˦/


cungdaeuz

cungdaeuz (classifier aen, 1957–1982 spelling cuŋdəuƨ)

/ɕuŋ˨˦ tau˧˩/


mbaeu

From Proto-Tai *C̥.bawᴬ (“light (in weight)”). Cognate with Thai เบา (bao), Northern Thai ᨷᩮᩢᩤ, Lao ເບົາ (bao), Lü ᦢᧁ (ḃaw), Khün ᨷᩮᩢᩤ, Shan မဝ် (mǎo) or ဝဝ် (wǎo), Tai Nüa ᥛᥝ (maw), Ahom 𑜉𑜨𑜧 (mow), Nong Zhuang nawj, Saek เว๋า, Tày bau.


hoengjlungz

head

hoengjlungz (1957–1982 spelling hɵŋзluŋƨ)


lauxbaeghoengz

lauxbaeghoengz (1957–1982 spelling lauчbəghɵŋƨ)

From lauxbaeg (“radish”) + hoengz (“red”), calque from Chinese 紅蘿蔔／红萝卜 (hóngluóbo, “carrot”).


ciencwng

/ɕiːn˨˦ ɕɯŋ˨˦/

Borrowed from Mandarin 專政／专政 (zhuānzhèng).


lozdoz

Borrowed from Mandarin 駱駝／骆驼 (luòtuo). Cognate with Thai โลโต (loo-dtoo).


gyaeq

gyaeq (classifier aen, Sawndip forms 𮕊 or 𰳢 or ⿰蛋鳮 or ⿰蛋鸡 or 㖒 or ⿰蛋追 or 𬿷 or ⿱疋虽 or ⿰蛋口 or ⿰目六, 1957–1982 spelling gyəiƽ)

aen (classifier)
𮕊 (Sawndip)
𰳢 (Sawndip)
⿰蛋鳮 (Sawndip)
⿰蛋鸡 (Sawndip)
㖒 (Sawndip)
⿰蛋追 (Sawndip)
𬿷 (Sawndip)
⿱疋虽 (Sawndip)
⿰蛋口 (Sawndip)
⿰目六 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *qraj (“egg”). Cognate with Thai ไข่ (kài), Lao ໄຂ່ (khai), Northern Thai ᨡᩱ᩵ (khai), Lü ᦺᦃᧈ (ẋay¹), Tai Dam ꪼꪎ꪿, Shan ၶႆႇ (khài), Ahom 𑜁𑜩 (khay), Bouyei jais.

cog

Lü ᦺᦃᧈ (ẋay¹)


roeg

head

roeg (Sawndip forms 𮬭 or 𠯿 or 𬟻 or 鵦 or 六, 1957–1982 spelling rɵg)

𮬭 (Sawndip)
𠯿 (Sawndip)
𬟻 (Sawndip)
鵦 (Sawndip)
六 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.nokᴰ (“bird”). Cognate with Ahom 𑜃𑜤𑜀𑜫 (nuk), Bouyei rog, Lao ນົກ (nok), Lü ᦷᦓᧅ (nok), Northern Thai ᨶᩫ᩠ᨠ (nok), Shan ၼူၵ်ႉ (nṵ̂uk), Tai Dam ꪶꪙꪀ, Thai นก (nók).


doxgaiq

doxgaiq (Sawndip form 度介, 1957–1982 spelling doчgaiƽ)


laeuj

laeuj (Sawndip forms 氿 or 溇 or 𪶾 or 𨢇, 1957–1982 spelling ləuз)

氿 (Sawndip)
溇 (Sawndip)
𪶾 (Sawndip)
𨢇 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰlawꟲ (“liquor”). Cognate with Thai เหล้า (lâo), Northern Thai ᩉᩖᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ, Lao ເຫຼົ້າ (lao), Lü ᦜᧁᧉ (l̇aw²), Shan လဝ်ႈ (lāo), Tai Nüa ᥘᥝᥲ (làw), Ahom 𑜎𑜨𑜧 (low), Bouyei lauc, Saek เล̂า.

cog

Lü ᦜᧁᧉ (l̇aw²)


goep

head

goep (Sawndip forms 𮔤 or 𧋉 or 𫊩 or 喼 or 𤞞 or 𰲾 or 蝈, 1957–1982 spelling gɵp)

𮔤 (Sawndip)
𧋉 (Sawndip)
𫊩 (Sawndip)
喼 (Sawndip)
𤞞 (Sawndip)
𰲾 (Sawndip)
蝈 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *kɤpᴰ (“frog”). Cognate with Thai กบ (gòp), Lao ກົບ (kop), Shan ၵူပ်း (kúup), Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜆𑜫 (kup), Bouyei gobt, Saek กั๊บ.

frog (especially one that is large and edible)


dawh

dawh (classifier gouh, ga, Sawndip forms 𥳳 or 𰪘 or 逗 or ⿱𥫗特 or ⿱𥫗德 or ⿱𥫗得, 1957–1982 spelling dəɯƅ), ga|DAW6]]

dawh (canonical)
gouh (classifier)
ga (classifier)
𥳳 (Sawndip)
𰪘 (Sawndip)
逗 (Sawndip)
⿱𥫗特 (Sawndip)
⿱𥫗德 (Sawndip)
⿱𥫗得 (Sawndip)

Borrowed from Chinese 箸 (MC drjoH, “chopstick”). Cognate with Bouyei deh (“chopstick”).

gouh dawh he

sam gouh dawh

sam ga dawh


lingz

lingz (Sawndip forms 𬌴 or 狑, 1957–1982 spelling liŋƨ)

Inherited from Proto-Tai *liːŋᴬ (“monkey”). Cognate with Thai ลิง (ling), Northern Thai ᩃᩥ᩠ᨦ, Khün ᩃᩥ᩠ᨦ, Lao ລີງ (līng), Lü ᦟᦲᧂ (liing), Tai Dam ꪩꪲꪉ, Tai Dón ꪩꪲꪉ, Shan လိင်း (líng), Tai Nüa ᥘᥤᥒᥰ (lïng), Khamti လိင်း, Phake လိင် (liṅ), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜂𑜫 (liṅ), Bouyei lingz, Saek ลิ๊ง.


lingz

head

lingz (Sawndip forms 𭝋 or 〇, 1957–1982 spelling liŋƨ)

bak lingz sam


lingz

lingz (Sawndip form 𭝋, 1957–1982 spelling liŋƨ)

ngeih cib lingz bi


hoengz

Borrowed from Chinese 紅 (MC huwng, “red”).


gvaz

From Old Chinese 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs, “right”). Cognate with Thai ขวา (kwǎa), Northern Thai ᨡ᩠ᩅᩣ, Lao ຂວາ (khuā), Lü ᦧᦱ (ẋwaa), Shan ၶႂႃ (khwǎa), Bouyei gvaz.


nyib

From Proto-Tai *ɲepᴰ (“to sew”). Cognate with Thai เย็บ (yép), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨿᩥᨷ, Lao ຫຍິບ (nyip), Lü ᦵᦊᧇ (ẏeb), Tai Dam ꪑꪲꪚ, Tai Dón ꪉꪲꪚ, Shan ယဵပ်ႉ (yâ̰ep), Bouyei nyib.

cog

Lü ᦵᦊᧇ (ẏeb)


Cungguek

head

Cungguek (Sawndip forms 中國 or 中国, 1957–1982 spelling Cuŋguek)

/ɕuŋ˨˦ kuːk˧˥/

From Chinese 中國 (MC trjuwng kwok). Doublet of Cunghgoz.


gungcanjdangj

gungcanjdangj (1957–1982 spelling guŋcanзdaŋз)

/kuŋ˧˥ ɕaːn˥ taːŋ˥/

Borrowed from Mandarin 共產黨／共产党 (gòngchǎndǎng).


daekmax

From daek (“grasshopper”) + max (“horse”). Cognate with Bouyei dagtmax (“praying mantis”). Compare Chinese 天馬／天马 (tiānmǎ).

zh-l

天馬／天马 (tiānmǎ)


daek

head

daek (Sawndip forms 𧍋 or 𮔹 or 𰳌 or 𧍡 or 𫊵 or 𮕏, 1957–1982 spelling dək)

𧍋 (Sawndip)
𮔹 (Sawndip)
𰳌 (Sawndip)
𧍡 (Sawndip)
𫊵 (Sawndip)
𮕏 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *p.takᴰ (“grasshopper”). Cognate with Bouyei dagt (“grasshopper”) and Thai ตั๊ก (dták) (as in ตั๊กแตน (dták-gà-dtɛɛn)).


daek

daek (Sawndip forms 㧹 or 𪮦 or 𭢙 or 𰔹 or 嘚 or 德 or 則, 1957–1982 spelling dək)

㧹 (Sawndip)
𪮦 (Sawndip)
𭢙 (Sawndip)
𰔹 (Sawndip)
嘚 (Sawndip)
德 (Sawndip)
則 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *takᴰ (“to scoop”). Cognate with Thai ตัก (dtàk), Lao ຕັກ (tak), Lü ᦎᧅ (ṫak), Shan တၵ်း (ták), Bouyei dagt.


maxlangzgangz

maxlangzgangz (1957–1982 spelling maчlaŋƨgaŋƨ)

/ma˦˨ laːŋ˧˩ kaːŋ˧˩/

Compare Cantonese 馬螂狂／马螂狂 (maa⁵ long⁴ kong⁴).


ndaundeiq

/ɗaːu˨˦ ɗei˧˥/

From Proto-Tai *t.naːwᴬ (“star (general)”) + Proto-Tai *ɗiːᴮ (“star (in the sky)”). Cognate with Bouyei ndaaulndis.


maknganx

/maːk˧˥ ŋaːn˦˨/

From mak (“fruit”) + a morpheme from Chinese 眼 (MC ngeanX, “eye”).


mbwn

mbwn (Sawndip forms 𭑆 or 𭑙 or 𭑇 or 𮦗 or 𮦅, 1957–1982 spelling ƃɯn)

𭑆 (Sawndip)
𭑙 (Sawndip)
𭑇 (Sawndip)
𮦗 (Sawndip)
𮦅 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɓɯnᴬ (“sky; heaven”). Cognate with Thai บน (bon), Northern Thai ᨷᩫ᩠ᨶ, Lao ບົນ (bon), Lü ᦥᦳᧃ (bun) or ᦢᦳᧃ (ḃun), Shan ဝူၼ် (wǔun) or မူၼ် (mǔun), Bouyei mbenl, Saek บึ๋น, Tày bôn.

(religion) God (impersonal and universal spiritual presence or force)


ngwz

ngwz (Sawndip forms 蚅 or 𫋍 or 𧈭, 1957–1982 spelling ŋɯƨ)

From Proto-Tai *ŋwɯːᴬ (“snake”). Cognate with Thai งู (nguu), Northern Thai ᨦᩪ, Lao ງູ (ngū), Lü ᦇᦴ (nguu), Tai Dam ꪉꪴ, Shan ငူး (ngúu), Tai Nüa ᥒᥧᥰ (ngü), Ahom 𑜂𑜥 (ṅū), Bouyei ngeaz, Nong Zhuang nguz, Saek งั๊ว.


swzdenj

/θɯ˧˩ teːn˥/

zh-l

詞典／词典 (cídiǎn)


hwnz

From Proto-Tai *ɣɯːnᴬ (“night”). Cognate with Thai คืน (kʉʉn), Lao ຄືນ (khư̄n), Shan ၶိုၼ်း (khúen), Ahom 𑜁𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (khün).


𬮤

Sawndip form of haep (“to close; to block; to threaten”)


mboq

head

mboq (Sawndip forms 㳍 or 𬇱 or 呇 or 𭯷 or 漠 or 咘, 1957–1982 spelling ƃoƽ)

㳍 (Sawndip)
𬇱 (Sawndip)
呇 (Sawndip)
𭯷 (Sawndip)
漠 (Sawndip)
咘 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɓoːᴮ (“well; spring”). Cognate with Thai บ่อ (bɔ̀ɔ), Northern Thai ᨷᩬᩴ᩵, Lao ບໍ່ (bǭ), Shan မေႃႇ (màu) or ဝေႃႇ (wàu), Ahom 𑜈𑜦𑜨𑜡 (beoā) or 𑜉𑜦𑜨𑜡 (meoā).


faenz

faenz (Sawndip forms 𭷏 or 𱌪 or 呅 or 文 or 坟 or 抆, 1957–1982 spelling fənƨ)

𭷏 (Sawndip)
𱌪 (Sawndip)
呅 (Sawndip)
文 (Sawndip)
坟 (Sawndip)
抆 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *wanᴬ (“tooth”). Cognate with Thai ฟัน (fan), Ahom 𑜇𑜝𑜃𑜫 (phlan), Bouyei fanz.


faenz

faenz (Sawndip forms 𭃉 or 𠚼 or 呅 or 文 or 坟, 1957–1982 spelling fənƨ)

𭃉 (Sawndip)
𠚼 (Sawndip)
呅 (Sawndip)
文 (Sawndip)
坟 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *walᴬ (“to slash”). Cognate with Thai ฟัน (fan), Lao ຟັນ (fan), Shan ၽၼ်း (phán) or ၾၼ်း (fán), Ahom 𑜇𑜃𑜫 (phan) or 𑜇𑜞𑜃𑜫 (phran), Saek วั๋น.

to chop down or off; to cut down or off; to fell


fanh

From Chinese 萬 (MC mjonH). Cognate with Bouyei faanh.


haeuj

From Proto-Tai *χawꟲ (“to enter”). Cognate with Thai เข้า (kâo), Lao ເຂົ້າ (khao), Lü ᦃᧁᧉ (ẋaw²), Tai Dam ꪹꪄ꫁ꪱ, Tai Nüa ᥑᥝᥲ (xàw), Shan ၶဝ်ႈ (khāo), Ahom 𑜁𑜧 (khaw), 𑜁𑜨𑜧 (khow), 𑜁𑜧𑜈𑜫 (khaww) or 𑜁𑜨𑜧𑜈𑜫 (khoww).

cog

Lü ᦃᧁᧉ (ẋaw²)


haeux

head

haeux (Sawndip forms 𬖙 or 𬖦 or 糇 or 后 or 厚, 1957–1982 spelling həuч)

𬖙 (Sawndip)
𬖦 (Sawndip)
糇 (Sawndip)
后 (Sawndip)
厚 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.qawꟲ (“rice”), from Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *rk[aw]ʔ (“husked rice”). Cognate with Thai ข้าว (kâao), Northern Thai ᨡᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ, Lao ເຂົ້າ (khao), Lü ᦃᧁᧉ (ẋaw²), Tai Dam ꪹꪄ꫁ꪱ, Shan ၶဝ်ႈ (khāo), Phake ၵွ် (khaw), Ahom 𑜁𑜧 (khaw), 𑜁𑜨𑜧 (khow) or 𑜁𑜧𑜈𑜫 (khaww), Saek เกฺา.

cog

Lü ᦃᧁᧉ (ẋaw²)


𣭈

Sawndip form of bit (“pen; pencil; writing implement”)


bohloz

zh-l

菠蘿／菠萝 (bōluó)


makmanghgoj

head

makmanghgoj (1957–1982 spelling makmaŋƅgoз)

From mak (“fruit”) + a morpheme from Mandarin 芒果 (mángguǒ).


laehcei

laehcei (classifier go, Sawndip forms 荲枝 or 梨树, 1957–1982 spelling ləiƅcei)

laehcei (Sawndip forms 荲枝 or 梨树, 1957–1982 spelling ləiƅcei)

go (classifier)
荲枝 (Sawndip)
梨树 (Sawndip)
荲枝 (Sawndip)
梨树 (Sawndip)


cijvaiz

/ɕi˥ βaːi˧˩/

From cij (“milk”) + vaiz (“water buffalo”).


coihnaj

From coih (“to fix; to repair”) + naj (“face”).


soujgih

zh-l

手機／手机 (shǒujī)


aeuroengz

/ʔau˨˦ ɣoŋ˧˩/

From aeu (“to get; to fetch”) + roengz (“to go down”).


aennou

From aen (“classifier”) + nou (“mouse”).


suyoz

zh-l

數學／数学 (shùxué)


ywgikrengz

head

ywgikrengz (1957–1982 spelling yɯgikreŋƨ)

/jɯ˨˦ kik˥ ɣeːŋ˧˩/

From yw (“medication”) + gik (“to encourage”) + rengz (“strength”).


denva

/teːn˧˥ βa˧˥/

zh-l

電話／电话 (diànhuà)


vumzvauz

/βum˧˩ βaːu˧˩/

The second syllable is cognate with Bouyei waauz (“bat”).


ngoenzneix

head

ngoenzneix (1957–1982 spelling ŋɵnƨneiч)

Compound of ngoenz (“day”) + neix (“this”).


hauxseng

hauxseng (classifier daeg, 1957–1982 spelling hauчseŋ)

/haːu˦˨ θeːŋ˨˦/

daeg hauxseng


dayoz

zh-l

大學／大学 (dàxué)


swyouz

/θɯ˧˥ jou˧˩/


swyouz

/θɯ˧˥ jou˧˩/


swyouz

/θɯ˧˥ jou˧˩/


mbin

head

mbin (Sawndip forms 𬼬 or 𰁋 or ⿰貧飞 or 𬼢 or 䎙 or ⿰宾彡 or ⿰了⿹飞飞 or ⿹飞飞 or ⿺乙敏 or ⿺乙貧 or ⿺乙兵 or ⿺边𠃑 or ⿺乙去 or 厾 or ⿹⺄音 or ⿰賓飞 or ⿰賓厾 or ⿰臣厾 or ⿰兵飞 or ⿰吝飞, 1957–1982 spelling ƃin)

𬼬 (Sawndip)
𰁋 (Sawndip)
⿰貧飞 (Sawndip)
𬼢 (Sawndip)
䎙 (Sawndip)
⿰宾彡 (Sawndip)
⿰了⿹飞飞 (Sawndip)
⿹飞飞 (Sawndip)
⿺乙敏 (Sawndip)
⿺乙貧 (Sawndip)
⿺乙兵 (Sawndip)
⿺边𠃑 (Sawndip)
⿺乙去 (Sawndip)
厾 (Sawndip)
⿹⺄音 (Sawndip)
⿰賓飞 (Sawndip)
⿰賓厾 (Sawndip)
⿰臣厾 (Sawndip)
⿰兵飞 (Sawndip)
⿰吝飞 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɓilᴬ (“to fly”). Cognate with Thai บิน (bin), Lao ບິນ (bin), Northern Thai ᨷᩥ᩠ᨶ, Lü ᦢᦲᧃ (ḃiin), Shan မိၼ် (mǐn) or ဝိၼ် (wǐn), Tai Dam ꪚꪲꪙ, Tày bên, Ahom 𑜉𑜢𑜃𑜫 (min), 𑜉𑜢𑜐𑜫 (miñ) or 𑜈𑜢𑜃𑜫 (bin), Tày bên.


Maxgai

From Hakka 麼個／么个 (má-ke, “what”), a Hakka shibboleth.

vunz Maxgai

vah Maxgai
Hakka language


caezgya

/ɕai˧˩ kʲa˨˦/


cienh

cienh (Sawndip form 呫, 1957–1982 spelling cienƅ)


cwz

cwz (Sawndip forms 𤙛 or 狳 or 𭷽 or ⿰牛取 or 𤚉 or ⿰牛則 or ⿰牛出 or ⿰牛徐 or 𭸭, 1957–1982 spelling cɯƨ)

𤙛 (Sawndip)
狳 (Sawndip)
𭷽 (Sawndip)
⿰牛取 (Sawndip)
𤚉 (Sawndip)
⿰牛則 (Sawndip)
⿰牛出 (Sawndip)
⿰牛徐 (Sawndip)
𭸭 (Sawndip)


faiq

faiq (Sawndip forms 𫟌 or 歪 or 𣖋, 1957–1982 spelling faiƽ)

Cognate with Thai ฝ้าย (fâai), Lao ຝ້າຍ (fāi), Northern Thai ᨺ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lü ᦚᦻᧉ (ḟaay²), Tày phải, Bouyei waais.

cog

Lü ᦚᦻᧉ (ḟaay²)


fwj

head

fwj (Sawndip forms 𬽀 or 𰌟 or ⿱勿云 or ⿰弗云 or ⿱雨发 or 𬽂 or ⿱府雲 or ⿰丰雲 or 𬽁 or ⿰子雲 or ⿱符云 or 𮦔 or ⿰云發, 1957–1982 spelling fɯз)

𬽀 (Sawndip)
𰌟 (Sawndip)
⿱勿云 (Sawndip)
⿰弗云 (Sawndip)
⿱雨发 (Sawndip)
𬽂 (Sawndip)
⿱府雲 (Sawndip)
⿰丰雲 (Sawndip)
𬽁 (Sawndip)
⿰子雲 (Sawndip)
⿱符云 (Sawndip)
𮦔 (Sawndip)
⿰云發 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰwɯəꟲ (“cloud”). Cognate with Thai ฝ้า (fâa).


haij

From Chinese 海 (MC xojX). Cognate with Bouyei haaic.


gemj

gemj (Sawndip forms 𰯔 or 减 or ⿰月咸 or 噉, 1957–1982 spelling gemз)

𰯔 (Sawndip)
减 (Sawndip)
⿰月咸 (Sawndip)
噉 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *keːmꟲ (“cheek”). Cognate with Thai แก้ม (gɛ̂ɛm), Northern Thai ᨠᩯ᩠᩶ᨾ, Lao ແກ້ມ (kǣm), Lü ᦶᦂᧄᧉ (k̇aem²), Shan ၵႅမ်ႈ (kēm), Ahom 𑜀𑜪𑜧 (kaṃw), Bouyei jeemc.

cog

Lü ᦶᦂᧄᧉ (k̇aem²)


bouxboux

head

bouxboux (Sawndip form 佈佈, 1957–1982 spelling bouчbouч)


hanq

From Proto-Tai *haːnᴮ (“goose”). Cognate with Thai ห่าน (hàan), Lao ຫ່ານ (hān), Shan ႁၢၼ်ႇ (hàan), Ahom 𑜑𑜃𑜫 (han). Compare Middle Chinese 雁 (MC ngaenH, “wild goose”), Proto-Mon-Khmer *haan (“goose”), Proto-Khmuic *haːn (“goose”).


gaiq gaiq

gaiq gaiq (1957–1982 spelling gaiƽ gaiƽ)


boux boux

boux boux (1957–1982 spelling bouч bouч)


liengz

liengz (Sawndip forms 𰃾 or 良 or ⿹气良 or ⿹气京, 1957–1982 spelling lieŋƨ)

𰃾 (Sawndip)
良 (Sawndip)
⿹气良 (Sawndip)
⿹气京 (Sawndip)


liengz

liengz (Sawndip form 桹, 1957–1982 spelling lieŋƨ)


vuengzdaeq

vuengzdaeq (1957–1982 spelling vueŋƨdəiƽ)

/βuːŋ˧˩ tai˧˥/


rengx

rengx (Sawndip forms 𭙃 or 𭦾 or 𭦜 or 𰕹 or ⿰旱灵 or 唡 or ⿰天旱 or ⿰旱令 or 𭧄 or 良 or ⿰猛添, 1957–1982 spelling reŋч)

𭙃 (Sawndip)
𭦾 (Sawndip)
𭦜 (Sawndip)
𰕹 (Sawndip)
⿰旱灵 (Sawndip)
唡 (Sawndip)
⿰天旱 (Sawndip)
⿰旱令 (Sawndip)
𭧄 (Sawndip)
良 (Sawndip)
⿰猛添 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.leːŋꟲ. Cognate with Thai แล้ง (lɛ́ɛng), Lao ແລ້ງ (lǣng), Lü ᦶᦟᧂᧉ (laeng²), Shan လႅင်ႉ (lḛ̂ng), Zuojiang Zhuang lengx.


byoem

byoem (Sawndip forms 𭯞 or 𰚬 or 𱥞 or ⿱髟品 or 𭯔 or 𭯓, 1957–1982 spelling byɵm)

𭯞 (Sawndip)
𰚬 (Sawndip)
𱥞 (Sawndip)
⿱髟品 (Sawndip)
𭯔 (Sawndip)
𭯓 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *prɤmᴬ (“head hair”). Cognate with Thai ผม (pǒm), Northern Thai ᨹᩫ᩠ᨾ, Lao ຜົມ (phom), Lü ᦕᦳᧄ (ṗhum), Shan ၽူမ် (phǔum), Ahom 𑜇𑜪𑜤 (phaṃu), Shangsi Zhuang pʰomᴬ¹, Saek ผรั่ม.


gyaeu

From Chinese 嬌 (MC kjew). Compare Vietnamese kiều (as in yêu kiều, kiều diễm).


lungz

From Proto-Tai *luŋᴬ (“parent's older brother”). Cognate with Thai ลุง (lung), Lao ລຸງ (lung), Lü ᦟᦳᧂ (lung), Shan လုင်း (lúng), Tai Nüa ᥘᥧᥒᥰ (lüng), Nong Zhuang lungz, Saek ลุ๊ง.


gyong

head

gyong (classifier aen, Sawndip forms 皷 or 𭽰 or 𧯾 or 𰋋 or ⿰鼓東 or ⿰鼓皮 or 鞏 or 𮧘 or 鼕 or ⿱鼓工 or 𭽥 or ⿺鼓公 or ⿺鼓共 or ⿱鼓共, 1957–1982 spelling gyoŋ)

aen (classifier)
皷 (Sawndip)
𭽰 (Sawndip)
𧯾 (Sawndip)
𰋋 (Sawndip)
⿰鼓東 (Sawndip)
⿰鼓皮 (Sawndip)
鞏 (Sawndip)
𮧘 (Sawndip)
鼕 (Sawndip)
⿱鼓工 (Sawndip)
𭽥 (Sawndip)
⿺鼓公 (Sawndip)
⿺鼓共 (Sawndip)
⿱鼓共 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *kloːŋᴬ (“drum”). Cognate with Thai กลอง (glɔɔng), Lao ກອງ (kǭng), Lü ᦂᦸᧂ (k̇oang), Shan ၵွင် (kǎung), Ahom 𑜀𑜨𑜂𑜫 (koṅ). Compare Vietnamese trống.


Ouhcouh

Ouhcouh (Sawndip forms 歐洲 or 欧洲, 1957–1982 spelling Ouƅcouƅ)

zh-l

歐洲／欧洲 (Ōuzhōu)


rwz

head

rwz (Sawndip forms 聏 or 利 or 𦕗, 1957–1982 spelling rɯƨ)

From Proto-Tai *krwɯːᴬ (“ear”). Cognate with Thai หู (hǔu), Northern Thai ᩉᩪ, Lao ຫູ (hū), Lü ᦠᦴ (ḣuu), Shan ႁူ (hǔu), Tai Dam ꪬꪴ, Tai Nüa ᥞᥧᥴ (hú), Aiton ꩭူ (hū), Ahom 𑜍𑜥 (rū).


ciengh

ciengh (Sawndip form 𤡸, 1957–1982 spelling cieŋƅ)

From Chinese 象 (MC zjangX, “elephant”). Cognate with Proto-Tai *ɟaːŋꟲ (“elephant”), whence Thai ช้าง (cháang), Northern Thai ᨩ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦ, Isan ซ่าง, Lao ຊ້າງ (sāng), Lü ᦋᦱᧂᧉ (tsaang²), Tai Dam ꪋ꫁ꪱꪉ, Shan ၸၢင်ႉ (tsâ̰ang), Tai Nüa ᥓᥣᥒᥳ (tsȧang), Ahom 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ), Saek ซาง.


ciengh

ciengh (Sawndip form 掁, 1957–1982 spelling cieŋƅ)

zhang (a unit of length equivalent to 3+¹⁄₃ metres)


yijfaz

zh-l

語法／语法 (yǔfǎ)


nywj

From Proto-Tai *ʰɲɯəꟲ (“grass”). Cognate with Thai หญ้า (yâa), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨿ᩶ᩣ, Lao ຫຍ້າ (nyā), Lü ᦊᦱᧉ (ẏaa²), Tai Dam ꪐ꫁ꪱ, Shan ယိူဝ်ႈ (yōe), ယႃႈ (yāa), Tai Nüa ᥕᥫᥲ (yòe), ᥕᥣᥲ (yàa), Phake ယႃ (yā), Ahom 𑜊𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (jʸüw), 𑜊𑜠 (jʸa), 𑜊𑜡 (jʸā), 𑜐𑜠 (ña), Tày nhả, Bouyei nyal, Nong Zhuang nyaj, Zuojiang Zhuang yaj.

cog

Lü ᦊᦱᧉ (ẏaa²)


vwnzva

/βɯn˧˩ βa˧˥/


angq

head

angq (Sawndip forms 𠵫 or 𰙂 or ⿰楽昂 or 𱞞, 1957–1982 spelling aŋƽ)

𠵫 (Sawndip)
𰙂 (Sawndip)
⿰楽昂 (Sawndip)
𱞞 (Sawndip)


angq

From Chinese 盎 (MC 'angH). Compare Vietnamese ang.


gaiq

gaiq (Sawndip forms 圿 or 盖 or 介 or 吤 or 改 or 盍 or 界, 1957–1982 spelling gaiƽ)

圿 (Sawndip)
盖 (Sawndip)
介 (Sawndip)
吤 (Sawndip)
改 (Sawndip)
盍 (Sawndip)
界 (Sawndip)

Classifier for things in the form of a chunk: piece of; chunk of

Classifier for broad flat objects: piece of; plot of

Classifier for long cylindrical objects.


gaiq

gaiq (Sawndip form 鎅, 1957–1982 spelling gaiƽ)


gaiq

to complete; to finish (the construction of a house)


gaiq

gaiq (Sawndip forms 𫽜 or 改 or 界 or 戒 or 解 or 皆, 1957–1982 spelling gaiƽ)

𫽜 (Sawndip)
改 (Sawndip)
界 (Sawndip)
戒 (Sawndip)
解 (Sawndip)
皆 (Sawndip)


gaiq

to quit; to give up on (usually something harmful)


doengz

doengz (Sawndip form 仝, 1957–1982 spelling dɵŋƨ)


doengz

doengz (classifier duz, Sawndip forms ⿱雨東 or 𫕩 or 𬟽 or 𧊚, 1957–1982 spelling dɵŋƨ)

duz (classifier)
⿱雨東 (Sawndip)
𫕩 (Sawndip)
𬟽 (Sawndip)
𧊚 (Sawndip)


yiengz

yiengz (Sawndip form 𦍕, 1957–1982 spelling yieŋƨ)


cax

cax (Sawndip forms 𰄪 or 𭃛 or ⿰沙刀 or 鎈 or ⿰刀乂 or 𨩨 or 刹 or ⿱殺刀 or ⿰阝杀 or 杀 or 𭃇 or 𨦅 or ⿰查刀 or 鉲 or 𱐗 or 𱐡 or 乍 or 社, 1957–1982 spelling caч)

𰄪 (Sawndip)
𭃛 (Sawndip)
⿰沙刀 (Sawndip)
鎈 (Sawndip)
⿰刀乂 (Sawndip)
𨩨 (Sawndip)
刹 (Sawndip)
⿱殺刀 (Sawndip)
⿰阝杀 (Sawndip)
杀 (Sawndip)
𭃇 (Sawndip)
𨦅 (Sawndip)
⿰查刀 (Sawndip)
鉲 (Sawndip)
𱐗 (Sawndip)
𱐡 (Sawndip)
乍 (Sawndip)
社 (Sawndip)


cienzngaenz

cienzngaenz (1957–1982 spelling cienƨŋənƨ)

/ɕiːn˧˩ ŋan˧˩/


roegga

roegga (Sawndip form 𮬭𱈡, 1957–1982 spelling rɵgga)

From roeg (“bird”) + a morpheme from Proto-Tai *kaːᴬ (“crow”). The second part is cognate with Thai กา (gaa), Lao ກາ (kā), Lü ᦂᦱ (k̇aa), Shan ၵႃ (kǎa), Tai Nüa ᥐᥣ (kaa), Tày ca.


maenz

maenz (Sawndip forms 苠 or 𣐡 or 茗 or 民 or 悶 or 门, 1957–1982 spelling mənƨ)

苠 (Sawndip)
𣐡 (Sawndip)
茗 (Sawndip)
民 (Sawndip)
悶 (Sawndip)
门 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *manᴬ (“yam”). Cognate with Thai มัน (man), Lao ມັນ (man), Shan မၼ်း (mán), Ahom 𑜉𑜃𑜫 (man).


maenz

maenz (Sawndip forms 𫩖 or 门 or 民 or 文, 1957–1982 spelling mənƨ)

𫩖 (Sawndip)
门 (Sawndip)
民 (Sawndip)
文 (Sawndip)


menbauh

zh-l

麵包／面包 (miànbāo)


mbaq

From Proto-Tai *C̥.baːᴮ (“shoulder”). Cognate with Thai บ่า (bàa), Northern Thai ᨷ᩵ᩤ, Lao ບ່າ (bā), Shan မႃႇ (màa) or ဝႃႇ (wàa), Ahom 𑜈𑜡 (bā), Tày bá.


naengh

From Proto-Tai *naŋᴮ (“to sit”). Cognate with Thai นั่ง (nâng), Northern Thai ᨶᩢ᩠᩵ᨦ, Lao ນັ່ງ (nang), Lü ᦓᧂᧈ (nang¹), Tai Dam ꪙꪰ꪿ꪉ, Shan ၼင်ႈ (nāng), Aiton ꩫင် (naṅ), Ahom 𑜃𑜂𑜫 (naṅ), Saek หนั้ง.


ndaengq

From Proto-Tai *ɗaŋᴮ (“lye”). Cognate with Thai ด่าง (dàang), Lao ດັ່ງ (dang), Shan လင်ႇ (làng).


soemj

From Proto-Tai *sɤmᶜ (“sour”). Cognate with Thai ส้ม (sôm), Lao ສົ້ມ (som), Shan သူမ်ႈ (sūum), Lü ᦉᦳᧄᧉ (ṡum²), Ahom 𑜏𑜤𑜪 (suṃ). Compare Middle Chinese 酸 (MC swan, “sour”) and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləsəm (whence Malay asam and Toba Batak asom).

cog

Lü ᦉᦳᧄᧉ (ṡum²)


soemj

Lü ᦉᦳᧄᧉ (ṡum²)


gwz

From Chinese 茄 (MC gja, “eggplant; aubergine”). Compare Thai มะเขือ (má-kʉ̌ʉa), Lao ໝາກເຂືອ (māk khư̄a), Shan မၢၵ်ႇၶိူဝ် (màak khǒe).

Thai มะเขือ (má-kʉ̌ʉa)

Lao ໝາກເຂືອ (māk khư̄a)

Shan မၢၵ်ႇၶိူဝ် (màak khǒe)


haemz

head

haemz (Sawndip forms 𮐽 or 𮤙 or 𨐡 or 𠸋 or ⿰口⿱人呇 or ⿱人呇 or 𱽳 or 𮓄 or 咺 or ⿰苦甘 or 䧟 or ⿰辛含 or 𮒀, 1957–1982 spelling həmƨ)

𮐽 (Sawndip)
𮤙 (Sawndip)
𨐡 (Sawndip)
𠸋 (Sawndip)
⿰口⿱人呇 (Sawndip)
⿱人呇 (Sawndip)
𱽳 (Sawndip)
𮓄 (Sawndip)
咺 (Sawndip)
⿰苦甘 (Sawndip)
䧟 (Sawndip)
⿰辛含 (Sawndip)
𮒀 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.qɤmᴬ (“bitter”). Cognate with Thai ขม (kǒm), Lao ຂົມ (khom), Lü ᦃᦳᧄ (ẋum), Tai Dam ꪶꪄꪣ, Shan ၶူမ် (khǔum), Ahom 𑜁𑜪𑜤 (khǔum), Saek กฺั๊ม.

cog

Lü ᦃᦳᧄ (ẋum)


maet

head

maet (Sawndip forms 𮓲 or 乜 or 蝞 or 𬟼, 1957–1982 spelling mət)

𮓲 (Sawndip)
乜 (Sawndip)
蝞 (Sawndip)
𬟼 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmatᴰ (“flea”). Cognate with Thai หมัด (màt), Lao ໝັດ (mat), Tai Dam ꪢꪰꪒ, Shan မတ်း (mát), Ahom 𑜉𑜄𑜫 (mat).


maet

maet (Sawndip forms 𭴂 or 㶬, 1957–1982 spelling mət)


lwggwz

From lwg- + a morpheme from Chinese 茄 (MC gja, “eggplant; aubergine”). Compare Thai มะเขือ (má-kʉ̌ʉa), Lao ໝາກເຂືອ (māk khư̄a), Shan မၢၵ်ႇၶိူဝ် (màak khǒe).

cog

Thai มะเขือ (má-kʉ̌ʉa)

Lao ໝາກເຂືອ (māk khư̄a)

Shan မၢၵ်ႇၶိူဝ် (màak khǒe)


makbinzgoj

head

makbinzgoj (1957–1982 spelling makbinƨgoз)

From mak (“fruit”) + Mandarin 蘋果／苹果 (píngguǒ, “apple”). Compare Lue ᦖᦱᧅᦘᦲᧃᧉᦷᦅ (ṁaakphiin²ko).


nding

nding (Sawndip forms 𬻤 or 𬮟 or 炩 or 焛 or 𤊥 or 𮤫 or 𫠂 or 𭈻 or 𬻖 or 凌 or 𧹙, 1957–1982 spelling ƌiŋ)

𬻤 (Sawndip)
𬮟 (Sawndip)
炩 (Sawndip)
焛 (Sawndip)
𤊥 (Sawndip)
𮤫 (Sawndip)
𫠂 (Sawndip)
𭈻 (Sawndip)
𬻖 (Sawndip)
凌 (Sawndip)
𧹙 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̥.dwiːŋᴬ (“red”). Cognate with Bouyei ndingl, Thai แดง (dɛɛng), Northern Thai ᨯᩯ᩠ᨦ, Lao ແດງ (dǣng), Lü ᦶᦡᧂ (ḋaeng), Shan လႅင် (lěng), Tai Nüa ᥘᥦᥒ (laeng), Ahom 𑜓𑜢𑜂𑜫 (diṅ) or 𑜃𑜢𑜂𑜫 (niṅ), Nong Zhuang ndiang, Tày đeng, Saek รี๋ง.


naeng

Inherited from Proto-Tai *ʰnaŋᴬ (“skin”). Cognate with Thai หนัง (nǎng), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨶᩢᨦ, Lao ໜັງ (nang), Lü ᦐᧂ (ṅang), Tai Dam ꪘꪰꪉ, Shan ၼင် (nǎng), Aiton ꩫင် (naṅ).

inh+

outer layer of an animal (including a human) or plant: skin; hide; bark

skin (congealed layer on the surface of a liquid)


lauxsae

zh-l

老師／老师 (lǎoshī)


ancienz

/ʔaːn˨˦ ɕiːn˧˩/


gyoij

head

gyoij (Sawndip forms 𭀐 or 楷 or 蒮, 1957–1982 spelling gyoiз)

From Proto-Tai *kluəjꟲ (“banana”). Cognate with Thai กล้วย (glûai), Northern Thai ᨠᩖ᩠ᩅ᩠᩶ᨿ or ᨠ᩠ᩃ᩠ᩅ᩠᩶ᨿ, Lao ກ້ວຍ (kuāi), Lü ᦂᦽᧉ (k̇oy²), Tai Dam ꪀ꫁ꪺꪥ, Shan ၵူၺ်ႈ (kōi), Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜐𑜫 (kuñ), Bouyei joic.

cog

Lü ᦂᦽᧉ (k̇oy²)


mwz

head

mwz (Sawndip forms 摩 or 𪎚, 1957–1982 spelling mɯƨ)

From Proto-Tai *mwɯːᴬ (“hand”). Cognate with Thai มือ (mʉʉ), Northern Thai ᨾᩨ, Lao ມື (mư̄), Lü ᦙᦹ (mue), Shan မိုဝ်း (múe), Aiton မိုဝ် (müw), Ahom 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (müw), Saek มื๊อ. Compare also Proto-Austronesian *qalima (“hand”).


mwngz ndei

mwngz ndei (Sawndip form 佲𭁮, 1957–1982 spelling mɯŋƨ ƌei)

/mɯŋ˧˩ ɗei˨˦/

Calque from Chinese 你好, from mwngz (“you (singular)”) + ndei (“good”).


ndei

head

ndei (Sawndip forms 𭀖 or 𰌗 or 𭁮 or ⿰美支 or ⿱丽美 or ⿰月𭀖 or 俪 or 低 or 媄 or ⿱好美 or 𭖝, 1957–1982 spelling ƌei)

𭀖 (Sawndip)
𰌗 (Sawndip)
𭁮 (Sawndip)
⿰美支 (Sawndip)
⿱丽美 (Sawndip)
⿰月𭀖 (Sawndip)
俪 (Sawndip)
低 (Sawndip)
媄 (Sawndip)
⿱好美 (Sawndip)
𭖝 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ɗɤjᴬ (“good”). Cognate with Thai ดี (dii), Northern Thai ᨯᩦ (di), Lao ດີ (dī), Lü ᦡᦲ (ḋii), Shan လီ (lǐi), Ahom 𑜓𑜣 (dī), 𑜃𑜣 (nī) or 𑜑𑜣 (hī), Bouyei ndil.


ngoenz

ngoenz (Sawndip forms 𭥓 or 昋 or 昙 or 艮 or 𭦂 or 𨑨 or 晏 or 㫨 or 𭥔, 1957–1982 spelling ŋɵnƨ)

𭥓 (Sawndip)
昋 (Sawndip)
昙 (Sawndip)
艮 (Sawndip)
𭦂 (Sawndip)
𨑨 (Sawndip)
晏 (Sawndip)
㫨 (Sawndip)
𭥔 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *ŋwanᴬ (“daytime”). Cognate with Thai วัน (wan), Northern Thai ᩅᩢ᩠ᨶ, Lao ວັນ (wan), Lü ᦞᧃ (van), Shan ဝၼ်း (wán), Tai Nüa ᥝᥢᥰ (wän), Ahom 𑜈𑜃𑜫 (ban), Bouyei nguanz.


haex

haex (Sawndip forms 𡱍 or 𭧺 or 𣴃 or 𡱏, 1957–1982 spelling həiч)

𡱍 (Sawndip)
𭧺 (Sawndip)
𣴃 (Sawndip)
𡱏 (Sawndip)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.qɯjꟲ (“excrement”). Cognate with Thai ขี้ (kîi), Northern Thai ᨡᩦ᩶, Lao ຂີ້ (khī), Lü ᦃᦲᧉ (ẋii²), Shan ၶီႈ (khīi), Ahom 𑜁𑜣 (khī), Saek ไกฺ.

cog

Lü ᦃᦲᧉ (ẋii²)


cwngcwz

/ɕɯŋ˨˦ ɕɯ˧˩/


cauj

head

cauj (Sawndip forms 找 or 草, 1957–1982 spelling cauз)


cauj

cauj (Sawndip form 𰱰, 1957–1982 spelling cauз)


Aumwnz

/ʔaːu˧˥ mɯn˧˩/

zh-l

澳門／澳门 (Àomén)

Macau (a special administrative region of China)


lwgmanh

From lwg- (“small object; fruit”) + manh (“hot; spicy”).


lwgfwngz

/lɯk˧ fɯŋ˧˩/

From lwg- (“small object”) + fwngz (“hand”). Cognate with Bouyei legfengz.


nengz

From Proto-Tai *m.leːŋᴬ (“insect”). Cognate with Thai แมลง (má-lɛɛng), Tai Nüa ᥛᥦᥒᥰ (mäeng).


mohdozceh

head

mohdozceh (1957–1982 spelling moƅdoƨceƅ)

zh-l

摩托車／摩托车 (mótuōchē)


Daizvanh

From Mandarin 臺灣／台湾 (Táiwān), from Literary Chinese 臺灣, from Hokkien 大員 (Tāi-oân), 大圓, 臺員, 大灣, 臺灣, etc., from possibly Siraya.