sned

From Middle English snede, from Old English snǣd.


vaat

From Middle English vaat, from Old English fæt, from Proto-West Germanic *fat.


wi'

Dinna mell wi' it.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:

Outh o'mee hoane ch'ull no part wi' Wathere.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:

Out of my hand I'll not part with Walter.

Na oure gladès ana whilke we dellt wi' mattoke, an zing t'oure caulès wi plou,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 6-8:

In our valleys where we were digging with the spade, or as we whistled to our horses in the plough,


vold

From Middle English fold, from Old English fald, falæd, falod, from Proto-West Germanic *falud.

Aar's neer a vear o aam to be drine-vold.

1867, “BIT OF DIALOGUE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 111:

There is no fear of them to fall into a dry furrow or trench.


cooat

From Middle English cote, from Old French cotte, from Latin cotta.

Hea daffed his cooat, pidh it an a bushe, an begaan to peale a cooat, an zide,

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 3-5:

He took off his coat, put it on a bush, and began to beat the coat, and said,


Parick

From Middle English Patrick, from Latin Patricius (“patrician”).

Aar was Parick o Dearmoth, an dhen score besidh,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

There was Patrick o Deormod, and ten score beside,

a male given name, equivalent to English Patrick


colure

wee hert ee zough o'ye colure o' pace na name o' Mulgrave.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 8-9:

we heard the distant sound of the wings of the dove of peace, in the word Mulgrave.


zeek

From Middle English seken, from Old English sēċan, from Proto-West Germanic *sōkijan.


zeek

From Middle English seeke, from Old English sēc, variant of sēoc, from Proto-West Germanic *seuk.


slepe

From Middle English slepe, from Old English slǣp, from Proto-West Germanic *slāp.


blaak

Zien, "a blaak vall, a blaak vall, Ich meigh vella knew,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 9:

Saying "a black fall, a black fall——I might well have known,


waant

From Middle English wanten, from Old Norse vanta, from Proto-Germanic *wanatōną.

Mye thee friend ne're waant welcome, nor straayart comfoort.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100:

May thy friend ne'er want welcome, nor the stranger comfort.


waant

As ich waant draugh Bloomere's Knough,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:


blay

From Middle English blawen (“to blow; to bluster, scold”), from Old English blāwan, from Proto-West Germanic *blāan.


talke

an na plaine garbe o' oure yola talke,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 5-6:

and in the simple dress of our old dialect,


joude

Derived from Old French geude, gelde, jaude, jeudon (“foot soldier, band of foot soldiers, group or brotherhood”). Compare also Middle English jaudewin (“fool, jester; literally group friend”).

noncog

Joude an moude.


duges

as cock-es, hen-es, dug-es (dogs), mug-es (mugs).

THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD


blin

From Middle English blyn, from Old English blind, from Proto-West Germanic *blind.

Ich as (or 'chas) greatly blin.


mey

Nore zichel ne'er well, nowe, nore ne'er mey.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:

Nor such never will, no (now), nor never may.


yold

Yold mawn.


noor

From Middle English nother, from Old English nāhwæþer.

Ar aany noor dhing at woode comfoort mee,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 104:

Or any other thing that would comfort me,


mannes

man, man-nes

DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH


griende

F. griende, heegh, neeghe, neen, peepeare.


plesant

From Middle English plesaunte, from Old French plaisant.

MAI'T BE PLESANT TO TH' ECCELLENCIE

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, line 1:


deevil

From Middle English devil, dele, from Old English dēofol, from Proto-West Germanic *diubul.


thay

"Faad thay goul ez upa thee, thou stouk" co Billeen,

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 5:

"What the divil is on you, you fool?" quoth Billy;


nich

Nich th' hie thoras o' Culpake.

1867, OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, page 18:


deeth

Lickweese mee been deeth in aar heeve.

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 104:


zoot

From Middle English soot, from Old English sōt.


arent

Yer name var zetch avancet avare ye, e'en a dicke var hye, arent whilke ye brine o'zea an ye craggès o'noghanes cazed nae balke.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 4-6:

Your fame for such came before you even into this retired spot, to which neither the waters of the sea below nor the mountains above caused any impediment.


scoth

Borrowed from Irish scoth (“pick, choice”).

bor+

Zitch vaperreen, an shimmereen, fan ee-daff ee aar scoth!

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 84:

Such vapouring and glittering when stript in their shirts!

The best of the flax; and hence a fine shirt is so termed.


howe

From Middle English howe, from Anglo-Norman houe.


commane

W' vengem too hard, he zunk ee commane,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:

With venom too hard, he sunk his bat-club,


hamas

From Middle English hame. Cognate with Scots heems (“hames”).


ellena

From Middle English ellen, from Old English ellen. The unetymological <-a> /-ә/ was inserted to separate consonants.


eart

From Middle English earþe, from Old English earþe, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu.


reem

From Middle English reme (“cream”), from Old English rēam, from Proto-West Germanic *raum.


blowe

Chote well aar aim was t'yie ouz n'eer a blowe.

I saw (well) their intent was to give us ne'er a stroke.

Wode zar; mot, all arkagh var ee barnaugh-blowe,

Would serve; but, all eager for the barnagh-stroke,


vull

From Middle English ful, from Old English full, from Proto-West Germanic *full.

Vull o' graace.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


rize

From Middle English risen, from Old English rīsan, from Proto-West Germanic *rīsan.

Th' ball want a cowlee, the gazb maate all rize;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:

The ball o'er shot the goal, the dust rose all about;


reicht

From Middle English right, from Old English riht, from Proto-West Germanic *reht.

Reicht hoane; Reicht arrm.


hye

From Middle English hey, from Old English hīeġ, from Proto-West Germanic *hawi.

Barach-hye.


valler

From Middle English farrer (“great, much”).

Th' valler w'speen here, th' lass ee chourch-hey.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 84:

The more we spend here, the less in the churchyard.


goan

Goan to glaade.

"Murreen leam, kish am." Ich aam goan maake mee will.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 106:

To my grief, I am a big old sow. I am going to make my will,


skee

From Middle English sky, from Old Norse ský, from Proto-Germanic *skiwją.

Our eein wode b' mistern t' dearnt up ee skee.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:

Our eyes would be dazzled to look up to the sky.


toan

From Middle English to (“toe”), from Old English tā, from Proto-West Germanic *taihā.


stell

An broughet ee stell, ing a emothee knaghane.


gow

Wu canna baar to gow aveel,

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 5:

Wu canna gow to Ilone vaar,

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 9:

Wu canna gow bee chapaal gaat,

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 13:

Wu'll gow our wys to Chour Hill,

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 17:

"If thou dinna gow on chul daf thee yola skien."

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 6:

"If you don't go on I'll strip your old skin."


kinge

From Middle English kynge, from Old English cyning, from Proto-West Germanic *kuning.

God save ye Kinge, hev awaa ye platter."

1927, “THE FORTH MAN'S GRACE AFTER A SCANTY DINNER”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 137, line 4:

[God save the King, heave away the platter.]


stholk

From Middle English stalken, from Old English *stealcian.


breede

From Middle English bride, from Old English brȳd, from Proto-West Germanic *brūdi (“bride”).

Coordinate term: breedegroom

Wee aar lhaung vlealès an pikkès, to waaite apan a breede.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

With their long flails and picks, to wait upon the bride.

Drink a heall to a breede. "Shud with, a voorneen."

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:

Drink a health to the bride, "Here's to you, my dear."

Thou ne'er eighthest buskès, whit palskès, breede-kaake.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:

Thou never eatedst spiced bread, white palskes, (or) bride-cake.


wuf

A wuf is pa varreen.


coale

* From Middle English colden, from Old English *caldian, cealdian.
* From Middle English cold, from Old English cald, from Proto-West Germanic *kald.


coale

Which maate mee hearth as coale as leed.

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:


voxe

From Middle English fox, from Old English fox, from Proto-West Germanic *fuhs.


deen

From Middle English don (“to put”), from Old English dōn, from Proto-West Germanic *dōn.

Deen theezil.


yive

Fad didn't thou cum t' ouz phen w'ad zumthin to yive?

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX:

[Why didn't you come to us when we had something to give?]


corkite

Than caame ee shullereen, ee teap an corkite;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 8, page 86:

Then came the shouldering, tossing, and tumbling;


fause

From Middle English faus, fals, from Old English fals.


yole

From Middle English yolde, yolle, from Old English eald, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eltós, a suffixed form of *h₂el- (“grow, nourish”). Cognate with English wold.

Yole Teoun.

1867, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland (in English), page 80:

Dhree brailès o' beanès, an a keow at was yole,

1867, “SONGS, METRICAL PIECES, ETC. IN THE OLD ENGLISH SPEECH OF FORTH AND BARGY → THE BRIDE'S PORTION”, in A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland (in English), page 102:

Three barrels of beans, and a cow that was old,


woode

From Middle English wolde (past tense of willen), from Old English wolde (past tense of willan).

Ar aany noor dhing at woode comfoort mee,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 104:

Or any other thing that would comfort me,

Ich woode be pitcht ee kurkeen, ar zippeen, to a coolaan.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 106:

I would be poked into the mow or the stack up to the back of my head.


ishe

From early /iːsk/, from Middle English ix, from Old English āscian, from Proto-West Germanic *aiskōn.

Dinna ishe mee a raison.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


cley

From Middle English cley, from Old English clǣġ, from Proto-West Germanic *klaij.

Zim dellen harnothès w'aar nize ee reed cley;

Some digging earth-nuts with their noses in red clay;


wode

Yith w'had any lhuck, oor naame wode b' zung,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:

If we had any luck, our name would have been sung

Wode zar; mot, all arkagh var ee barnaugh-blowe,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:

Would serve; but, all eager for the barnagh-stroke,


heigh

From Middle English heigh, from Old English hēah, from Proto-West Germanic *hauh.

Heigh thoornes.


paare

From Middle English paire, from Old French paire, from Latin paria.

Wi buke an wi candale hay tackled a paare.

1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, line 6:

With book and with candle he tackled the pair;


lidge

Lidge w'ous.


eale

From Middle English ele, from Old English ǣl, from Proto-West Germanic *āl.


kiver

From Middle English keveren, from Old French covrir, from Latin cooperīre, present active infinitive of cooperiō.


gurt

From Middle English grot, from Old English grot, from Proto-Germanic *grutą. Cognate with English gurts.


dereling

From Middle English derelyng, from Old English dīerling, corresponding to dear + -ling.


heep

From Middle English hepe, from Old English hēap, from Proto-West Germanic *haup.

A clugercheen gother: all, ing pile an in heep,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:

A crowd gathered up: all, in pile and in heap,


rivery

Derived from Middle English ryver (“spoiler”).

der+

Sported or freak grains which spoil the produce.


plou

Na oure gladès ana whilke we dellt wi' mattoke, an zing t'oure caulès wi plou,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 6-8:

In our valleys where we were digging with the spade, or as we whistled to our horses in the plough,


moile

Ye state na dicke daie o'ye londe, na whilke be nar fash nar moile, albiet 'constitutional agitation,'

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 1-2:

The condition, this day, of the country, in which is neither tumult nor disorder, but that constitutional agitation,


eee

Eee crappès o' a shearde ich had a cousaane.

In the bushes of the gap I had a hole to go through.


aaght

Note will wee dra aaght to-die?


caules

Caules will na get to wullow to die.


dowst

Co Sooney, "Billeen dowst thee zee faads lewer,

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 9:

Says Alice "Billy, do you see what's yonder?"


beeth

From Middle English beth, from Old English biþ.

Yn ercha an aul o' while yt beeth wi gleezom o' core th' oure eyen dwytheth apan ye Vigere o'dicke Zouvereine, Wilyame ee Vourthe,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 9-11:

In each and every condition it is with joy of heart that our eyes rest upon the representative of that Sovereign, William IV.,


dhicke

Coordinate term: dhicka


dhicka

Coordinate term: dhicke

Dhicka poake.

Dhicka die fan ich want to a mile.

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 102:

To hint dhicka cursed vox vrom Bloomere's lhoan.

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 104:

To hunt that cursed fox from Bloomer's land.


burge

From Middle English brugge, from Old English bryċġ, from Proto-West Germanic *bruggju.


londe

az avare ye trad dicke londe yer name waz ee-kent var ee vriene o' livertie, an He fo brake ye neckarès o' zlaves.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 12-14:

for before your foot pressed the soil, your name was known to us as the friend of liberty, and he who broke the fetters of the slave.

Wee dwyth ye ane fose dais be gien var ee gudevare o'ye londe ye zwae,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 18-19:

We behold in you one whose days are devoted to the welfare of the land you govern,


Weisforthe

From Old Norse Veisafjǫrðr (literally “inlet of the mudflats”).

der

Ye soumissive Spakeen o'ouz Dwelleres o' Baronie Forthe, Weisforthe.

1867, “Prologue”, in CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114:

The humble Address of the Inhabitants of the Barony of Forth, Wexford.


ayenst

From Middle English ayenes, a southern variant of ayen.

Ayenst zim vartful ropeare at a rumcht ouse avar.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:

Against some wanton ranter that has raved (at) us before.


theezil

From Middle English thyself, from Old English þīnes selfes.

Deen theezil.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 33:

Come w' ouse, gosp Learry, theezil an Melchere;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:

Come with us, gossip Larry, yourself and Miles;


vriene

From Middle English frẹ̄nd, from Old English frēond (“friend, relative, lover”, literally “loving-[one]”), from Proto-Germanic *frijōndz (“lover, friend”), from Proto-Indo-European *preyH- (“to like, love”).


aboo

From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English abūfan, onbufan.


vear

From Middle English fere, from Old English fǣr, ġefǣr (“calamity, sudden danger, peril, sudden attack, terrible sight”), from Proto-Germanic *fērą (“danger”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to attempt, try, research, risk”).

Aar's neer a vear o aam to be drine-vold.

1867, “BIT OF DIALOGUE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 111:

There is no fear of them to fall into a dry furrow or trench.


dhing

From Middle English thing, from Old English þing (“thing”), from Proto-West Germanic *þing.

Ar aany noor dhing at woode comfoort mee,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 104:

Or any other thing that would comfort me,

Gooude var nat oan dhing, niether treesh ar thraame;

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:

Good for not one thing; neither for the trace, nor the car.


amang

From Middle English amang, mang, from Old English onġemang.

Blessed yarth amang meyen.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 56:

Aar was pizzeen, an beanès, an barich amang.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:

There were pease and beans, and barley-mung.

Amang wefty jhemes, 'cha jeist ee-rid apan.

Among cobwebby scraps, I have just alighted on.


woul

From Middle English wullen, willen, welin, from Old English willan, wyllan, from Proto-West Germanic *willjan.

Ich woul ich had.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


piz

From Middle English pise, from Old English pise, from Late Latin pisa.

Piz porachès.


thrist

From Middle English trist, from Old Norse traust.


neal

From Middle English nelde, metathesis of nedle, from Old English nǣdl, from Proto-West Germanic *nāþlu.


draugh

As ich waant draugh Bloomere's Knough,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:


draugh

Draugh a ooree, or Draugh a thooree.


wough

From Middle English wue, from Old English wē, from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ. The final silent -gh was added to avoid -u.

Wough lidg'd.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 54:

Wich ad wough bethther kwingokee or baagchoosee vursth?

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 78:

Whether had we better churn or bake first?

A peepeare struck ap; wough dansth aul in a ring;

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 96:

The piper struck up, we danced all in a ring,


wough

Awye wough it.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 23:


brek

T' brek up ee bathès h' had na poustee;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:

To break up the goal they had not power;


moude

From Middle English mode (“a company of people”), from Old English *mōt, ġemōt (“meeting”), from Proto-Germanic *mōtą.


t'was

Yith Muzleare had ba hole, t'was mee Tommeen,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:

If Good-for-little had been buried, it had been my Tommy,


teil

From Middle English eilen. Initial t- is a dental addition after /d/.

Fade teil.


gaudés

From Middle English gaudi, from Old French gaudie.


rhin

From Middle English rennen, from Old English rinnan, from Proto-West Germanic *rinnan.


Tam

Mizluck mye lhygt on Tam Busheare;

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5:

a male given name, equivalent to English Tom


daffed

Hea daffed his cooat, pidh it an a bushe, an begaan to peale a cooat, an zide,

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 3-5:

He took off his coat, put it on a bush, and began to beat the coat, and said,


zeid

Well, gosp, c'hull be zeid; mot thee fartoo, an fade;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 84:

Well, gossip, it shall be told; you ask what ails me, and for what;


shar

Shar

1987, The Manuscript of Jacob Poole's Glossary of the Dialect of Forth and Bargy:


skeine

From Middle English skayne, from Old French escaigne.

Vear'd nodhing mot Portheare. Na skeine e'er ee-waare.

I feared nothing but Porter. No skein I ever wore.


raan

Hea raan awye del hea caame neeghe Burstheoune.

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 2-3:

He ran away until he came nigh to Bridgetown.


potteen

An potteen galore in cans and noggens,

1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, line 10:


twy

From Middle English tweyne, from Old English twēġen, from Proto-West Germanic *twai-. Cognates include English two and Scots twa.

Twy histfullès.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 46:


dicke

Na dicke wye, nar dicka.

crave na dicke luckie acte t'uck neicher th' Eccellencie,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 4-5:

beg leave at this favourable opportunity to approach your Excellency,

az avare ye trad dicke londe yer name waz ee-kent var ee vriene o' livertie, an He fo brake ye neckarès o' zlaves.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 12-14:

for before your foot pressed the soil, your name was known to us as the friend of liberty, and he who broke the fetters of the slave.

y'ast, bie ractzom o'honde, ee-delt t'ouz ye laas ee-mate var ercha vassale, ne'er dwythen na dicke waie nar dicka.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 16-18:

you have with impartial hand ministered the laws made for every subject, without regard to this party or that.

Ye state na dicke daie o'ye londe, na whilke be nar fash nar moile, albiet 'constitutional agitation,'

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 1-2:

The condition, this day, of the country, in which is neither tumult nor disorder, but that constitutional agitation,


gaume

F. naume, taale, gaume.


dhen

From Middle English ten, from Old English tīen, from Proto-West Germanic *tehun. Cognates include English ten and Scots ten.

Dhen aager.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 21:

Aar was Parick o Dearmoth, an dhen score besidh,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

There was Patrick o Deormod, and ten score beside,


gorsoon

e.g. bakoon (bacon), patroon (a patron), gorsoon (a lad), sneesheen (snuff), poag (a kiss), borde (a table), stuckeen (a stocking), pucane (a goat), usbaugh (whiskey).


-een

From Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing, -ung.

Forming nouns from verbs, indicating action, process or material.


Kaat

Zyin "Thaar gows Peg an Moll an Kaat

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 15:

Saying "There goes Peg and Moll and Kate,

a female given name, variant of Caut, equivalent to English Kate


peece

From Middle English pece, from Old French piece, from Late Latin pettia.


meines

w'oul daie an ercha daie, our meines an oure gurles, praie var long an happie zins,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 11-12:

we will daily and every day, our wives and our children, implore long and happy days,


Bloomer

Bloomer's Lhoan

GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY


ochone

Ochone! to fo shul Ich maak mee moan,

1927, “LAMENT OF A WIDOW”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 130, line 1:

Ochone! Jone, thee yart deed.

1927, “LAMENT OF A WIDOW”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 130, line 4:


laas

From Middle English lawe, from Old English lagu.


garbe

an na plaine garbe o' oure yola talke,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 5-6:

and in the simple dress of our old dialect,


mothe

From Middle English mot, from Old English mot.

mote, particle, single straw or part of one.


zall

From Middle English salt, from Old English sealt, from Proto-West Germanic *salt. Final -t was dropped after /ɔː/.


wonter

From Middle English winter, from Old English winter, from Proto-West Germanic *wintru.

Wonter curthere

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


huch

Huch nigher; y'art scuddeen; fartoo zo hachee?"

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX:

Come nearer; you're rubbing your back; why so ill tempered?"


wul

From Middle English wal, from Old English weall.


wul

From Middle English wull, from Old English wull, from Proto-West Germanic *wullu.


kesse

From Middle English kesse, from Old English coss, from Proto-West Germanic *koss.


harrest

Harrest curthere


fadere

Vo no own caars fadere betides

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 3:


pipper

From Middle English piper, from Old English pipor, from Latin piper.


Barke

Aneure vrem ee Barke,


ferde

Th' hap, an ee ferde, an ee crie, was Tommeen.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:

The chance, and the fear, and the cry, was Tommeen.


chul

"If thou dinna gow on chul daf thee yola skien."

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 6:

"If you don't go on I'll strip your old skin."

Chul zing o a weddeen o Paudeen Foughlaan,

1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, line 1:

I'll sing of the wedding of Paddy Coughlan,


peale

head

peale (simple past pealt, past participle ee-pealt or ee-pealthe)

pealt (past)
ee-pealt (participle past)
ee-pealthe (participle past)

From Middle English pelen (“to beat”), from Latin pellō, pellere.

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 3-5:


buch

From Middle English bukke, from Old English buc, bucc, bucca (“he-goat, stag”), from Proto-West Germanic *bukk, *bukkō.

If ich hadh Peeougheen a Buch, Meyleare a Slut, Peedher Ghiel-laaune, an Jackeen Bugaaune,

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 5-6:

If I had Hugh the Buck, Meyler the Sloven, Peter the Smart Man, and John Boggan,


strooke

From Middle English stroke, from Old English strāc, from Proto-West Germanic *straik.

A vursth stroke hea strooke

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 108:


cawl

Pa cawl.


owr

Ye pace——yea, we mai zei, ye vaste pace whilke bee ee-stent owr ye londe zince th'ast ee-cam,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 21-23:

The peace——yes, we may say the profound peace—which overspreads the land since your arrival,


fong

From Middle English thong, thwong, from Old English þwang, from Proto-West Germanic *þwangi, from Proto-Germanic *þwangiz.

A thin strip of raw hide used by saddlers in sewing.


Moll

Zyin "Thaar gows Peg an Moll an Kaat


heve

From Middle English heven, from Old English hebban, from Proto-West Germanic *habbjan.

Heve a dishen an trenshoorès awye, Shaneen;

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:

Heave the dishes and the trenchers away, little John;


skien

From Middle English skyn, from Old Norse skinn.


zichel

Nore zichel ne'er well, nowe, nore ne'er mey.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:

Nor such never will, no (now), nor never may.


michel

/miːˈt͡ʃiːɫ/

From Middle English mayde child. Cognate with English maidchild.

Shea's a gooude lickeen michel.


twi

Thaay heighed upa Buckeen twi hours avar dawn,

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 2:

They mounted on Buckeen two hours before dawn.

"Twi baare bones upa a baare dish,

1927, “THE FORTH MAN'S GRACE AFTER A SCANTY DINNER”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 137, line 1:


graat

From Middle English grete, from Old English grēat, from Proto-West Germanic *graut.

An aal their vrienes had a graat spree.

1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, line 4:

And aal their friends had a great spree.


Bake

Aneure vrem a Bake,

1867, OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, page 18:

Anoor vrem a Bake,

Anure vrem ee Bake,

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 130:


phen

Fad didn't thou cum t' ouz phen w'ad zumthin to yive?

[Why didn't you come to us when we had something to give?]


chote

Chote well aar aim was t'yie ouz n'eer a blowe.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 84:

I saw (well) their intent was to give us ne'er a stroke.

A laafe ing lemethès chote wel ta ba zang,

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:

A leaf in tatters, I know well to be sung,

an, az wee verilie chote,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, line 3:


kewe

Up caame ee ball, an a dap or a kewe

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:


cuck

From Middle English cok, from Old English cocc, from Proto-West Germanic *kokk.

Coordinate term: hen

Mee cuck was liveen michty well,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 102:

Ho ro! mee cuck is ee-go.


baare

"Twi baare bones upa a baare dish,


eales

Blooeden eales.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


ivery

/ɛvəˈɾiːt͡ʃ/

Ye be welcome, hearthillee, ivery oan.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94:


vrom

To hint dhicka cursed vox vrom Bloomere's lhoan.

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 104:

To hunt that cursed fox from Bloomer's land.


doone

doone (second-person singular simple present doost, simple past did)

doost (present second-person singular)
did (past)

From Middle English don, from Old English dōn, from Proto-West Germanic *dōn.

Shoo ya aam zim to doone, as w' be doone nowe;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:

She gave them some to do, as we are doing now;


waie

y'ast, bie ractzom o'honde, ee-delt t'ouz ye laas ee-mate var ercha vassale, ne'er dwythen na dicke waie nar dicka.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 16-18:

you have with impartial hand ministered the laws made for every subject, without regard to this party or that.


barish

Risheenearès! Leth aam gaame wee aar barish-amang,

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100:

Snack-eaters! let them game, with their barley-mung.


mistrace

From Middle English maistresse, from Old French maistresse, mestresse.


egges

From Middle English egge, from Old Norse egg.

Themost wi egges an heimost wi thick,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 3:


heall

Drink a heall to a breede. "Shud with, a voorneen."

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:

Drink a health to the bride, "Here's to you, my dear."


Chiese

Leighen a-Chiese,

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX:

a surname, equivalent to English Cheevers


Lar

Larstown,


feyer

From Middle English faire, from Old French foire, from Vulgar Latin *fēria, from the classical Latin plural noun fēriae.


th'art

"ch'am," "th'art," "he's," "she's," "w'ar," "th'ar;"

["I am," "you're," "he's," "she's," "with their," "there;"]


factes

From Old French fact, from Latin factum (“an act, deed, feat, etc.”).

der

proo'th, y'at wee alane needeth ye giftes o'generale rights, az be displayte bie ee factes o'thie goveremente.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 23-24:

proves that we alone stood in need of the enjoyment of common privileges, as is demonstrated by the results of your government.


meyen

Blessed yarth amang meyen.


waudher

From Middle English water, from Old English wæter, from Proto-West Germanic *watar.


mawen

meyen (plural)
meines (plural)
moans (plural)

Raymond Hickey (Irish English: History and Present-Day Forms) suggests the stress of /ˈwʊmən/ "woman" and /ˈwɪmɪn/ "women" was first shifted and the stressed vowel lengthened, yielding /wuˈmaːn/ and /wɪˈmiːn/, followed by apheresis to /maːn/ and /miːn/, followed by the formation of a medial glide, yielding the singular mawen /mawən/ "woman" and plural meyen /mɪjɪn/ "women".

Coordinate term: man

Yold mawn.


taake

head

taake (simple past took, past participle ee-took)

From Middle English taken, from Old English tacan, from Old Norse taka.

Taake heed.


vengence

From Middle English veneson, this is a vulgar pronunciation in Ireland.


drieve

'choo'd drieve aam aul awye to Kie o' Cress Farnogue, an maake aam cry, 'Rotheda Palloake !' "

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 7-8:

I would drive them all away to the quay of Cross Farnogue, and make them cry, 'Rotten Palluck !' "


bidge

From Middle English biggen, from Old English bycġan (“to buy, pay for, acquire, redeem, ransom, procure, get done, sell”), from Proto-Germanic *bugjaną (“to buy”).


'ch-

Reduction of ich. Cognate with obsolete English ch-.

and its blending as 'ch with verbs.

(attached to following verb) I; clitic form of ich.


boagher

Mucha boagher.


choule

From Middle English chaule, from Old English ċeafl, from Proto-West Germanic *kafl. Cognate with Scots chowl.


garr

Possibly from Middle English garme, from Old English grama.
Not a procope from Middle English anger, compare angerth (“angered”).


lous

Tommeen was lous, an zo was ee baree.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:


unket

From Middle English unked, past participle of unkythen.

Go gaame abuth Forth, thou unket saalvache.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:

Go, make game about Forth, thou uncouth sloven.


Codd

Codd

1987, The Manuscript of Jacob Poole's Glossary of the Dialect of Forth and Bargy:


fleen

From Middle English fle, from Old English flēah, from Proto-West Germanic *flauh.


cowm

From Middle English cōmb, cāmb, from Old English camb, from Proto-West Germanic *kamb. Cognate with Orkney Scots keem.


condale

From Middle English candel, from Old English candel, from Latin candēla.


dhew

From Middle English dew, from Old English dēaw, from Proto-West Germanic *dauw.


dishe

From Middle English disch, from Old English disċ, from Proto-West Germanic *disk.


dreade

From Middle English thred, from Old English þrǣd, from Proto-Germanic *þrēduz.


gows

Zyin "Thaar gows Peg an Moll an Kaat

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 15:

Saying "There goes Peg and Moll and Kate,

third-person singular present indicative of gow


vengem

From Middle English venem, from Anglo-Norman venim.

W' vengem too hard, he zunk ee commane,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:

With venom too hard, he sunk his bat-club,

wi vengem o' core t'gie oure zense o' ye gradès whilke be ee-dighte wi yer name;

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 6-7:

to pour forth from the strength of our hearts, our sense of the qualities which characterise your name,


vew

From Middle English vewe, from Old English fēaw, from Proto-West Germanic *fau.

Hi kinket an keilt, ee vewe aam 'twode snite.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 8, page 86:

They kicked and rolled, the few that appeared.


adh

From Middle English at, from Old English æt, from Proto-Germanic *at, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd. Cognate with English at.

Come adh o' mee gazb.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 41:

Adh Sankt Josef's die, adh a patroon o' Kilmoor, Jameen Qougeely was ee-pealthe.

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 1-2:

At St. Joseph's-day, at the patron of Kilmore, James Cagley was beaten.


dhree

From Middle English thre, from Old English þrī, from Proto-West Germanic *þrīʀ. Cognates include English three and Scots three.

Ich at mee dhree meales.

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867

Dhree brailès o' beanès, an a keow at was yole,

Three barrels of beans, and a cow that was old,

Haar wee bee dhree yola mydes,

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland


ee-

From Middle English y-, from Old English ġe-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.

Used to form the past participle of verbs.


zheep

From Middle English schep, from Old English scēap, from Proto-West Germanic *skāp.


bibbern

Aar gentrize ware bibbern, aamzil cou no stoane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:

Their gentry were quaking, themselves could not stand.


hungree

From Middle English hungry, from Old English hungriġ.


laafe

From Middle English leef, from Old English lēaf, from Proto-West Germanic *laub. Cognate with Scots lefe.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:

A leaf in tatters, I know well to be sung,


straung

From Middle English straunge, from Old English strang, strong, from Proto-West Germanic *strang.

"steoute and straung,"

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:


raree

Derived from Middle English *rare (“soft-cooked”), from Old English hrēr, hrēre.

der+

Raree met in plathearès, ee-zet in a rooe,

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 64

There was choice meat in platters, set in a row,


raree

Derived from Middle English *rare (“neither sooner nor later”), from Old French rier, rere.

der+

Yola Vather Deruse hay raree cam thoare,


Ling

Lingstown,


Furlong

"The Furlong" at Clontarf, Co. Dublin, O. S. 19,

THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD


eeren

From Middle English iren, from Old English īsern, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn.


Lough

Joud an moud vrem earchee ete was ee Lough.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 84:

Throngs and crowds from each quarter were at the Lough;


Cheevers

Lacheny Cheevers

1927, THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD:


Jone

From Middle English John, from Anglo-Norman Jehan, Johan, and also Old English Iohannes.

Coordinate term: Jauaan (“Joan”)

Ochone! Jone, thee yart deed.

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 130

a male given name, equivalent to English John


skir

A verbal form derived from skee. Cognate with English sky (“to throw a ball extremely high”).

cog

Th' commanès t'rapple; th' ball skir an vlee;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:

The ball-clubs they rattled; the ball rose and flew;


Brune

Gentleman Brune


upan

Thaye zhoult upan oother at high Thurns o Cullpaak,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 2:

They met one another at the high towers of Colepeak.


vather

From Middle English father, from Old English fæder, from Proto-West Germanic *fader (compare English father, West Frisian faar, North Frisian faaðer, Low German Fader, Dutch vader, German Vater, Danish fader, Norwegian and Swedish far), from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (compare Irish athair, Tocharian A pācar, B pācer, Persian پدر (pedar), Lithuanian patinas (“male animal”), akin to Latin pater, akin to Ancient Greek πατήρ (patḗr), akin to Armenian հայր (hayr), akin to Sanskrit पितृ (pitṛ, “father”)).


zister

From Middle English *zister (attested in Modern English dialects), a form of suster, from Old English sweostor, swustor, sweoster, from Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.


yerstey

Yerstey w'had a baree, gist ing oor hoane,

Yesterday we had a goal just in our hand.


ood

Ich ood.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


deemes

From Middle English tyme, from Old English tīma, from Proto-Germanic *tīmô.

Dree deemes.


niel

From Middle English neil, from Old English næġl, from Proto-West Germanic *nagl.


glies

A fossilised plural of *glie, borrowed from Irish dlaoi (“bundle of thatch”), from Old Irish dlaí, dluí. Compare also swingale (“swindle”).

bor+

straw tied at one end (used for thatching stacks)


oanes

From Middle English ones, from Old English ānes.


querne

From Middle English quern, from Old English cweorn.


zung

Yith w'had any lhuck, oor naame wode b' zung,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 86:

If we had any luck, our name would have been sung


gaay

A gaay wytheen midhe.

Lidge w'ouse an a milagh, tis gaay an louthee:

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 84:

Lie with us on the clover, 'tis fair and sheltered:

Zoo wough aul returnth hime, contented an gaay,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 96:

So we all returned home, contented and gay,


eorth

From Middle English eorthe, from Old English eorþe, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu.


erth

From Middle English erthe, eorthe, from Old English eorþe, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu.


condel

The condel is to winnooween.


yie

From Middle English yeven, yiven, from Old English ġiefan. Doublet of gee.

Y'oure w' thee crookeen, an yie mee thee hoane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 13, page 90:

Give over your crossness, and give me your hand.


zour

From Middle English soure, from Old English sūre.

Zing ug a mor fane a zour a ling.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 108:

[Sing for the moor iris, the sorrel and the ling.]


pley

From Middle English pleye, from Old English plega, from Proto-West Germanic *plegō.

Th' heiftem o' pley vell all ing to lug;

The weight of the play fell into the hollow;


fowe

From Middle English how, from Old English hū, from Proto-West Germanic *hwō. Cognate with Scots foo, hoo (“how”). The initial f- is by analogy with fest, hist (“fist”).

Jaane got leigheen; shoo pleast aam all, fowe?

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:

Joan set them a laughing, she pleased them all, how?


laupe

From Middle English lopen, from Old Norse hlaupa, from Proto-Germanic *hlaupaną.


laay

F. daaily, faigh, gaay, haail, laay, paay, waaite.

E. daily, faith, gay, hail, lay, pay, wait.


ryne

F. agyne, amyne, brine, gryne, gry, pyle, ryne.

E. again, amain, brain, grain, gray, pail, rain.


piff

From Middle English puf, from Old English pyf.

A small puff of wind, as with the mouth.


burdes

Birds: burdes, croowe, sparroon, lereke, drush, duucks.


caake

From Middle English cake, from Old Norse kaka, from Proto-Germanic *kakǭ.

Pussough caake.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 63:


coorn

From Middle English corn, from Old English corn, from Proto-West Germanic *korn.


stre

From Middle English stre, strew, from Old English strēaw, from Proto-West Germanic *strau.


hachee

Huck nigher; y'art scuddeen; fartoo zo hachee?

Come nearer; you're rubbing your back; why so ill tempered?


kyne

Kyne.


smoo

From Middle English smothe, from Old English smōþ.


bothom

From Middle English botom, from Old English botm, from Proto-Germanic *butmaz.

A bothom vele udh.

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 108:


neveare

Na, now or neveare! w' cry't t' Tommeen,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:


oore

Oore hart cam' t' oore mouth, an zo w' all ee green;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:

Our hearts came to our mouth, and so with all in the green;

Oore joys all ee-smort ing a emothee knaghane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:

Our joys are all smothered in a pismire-hill.

Zo bless all oore frends, an God zpeed ee plowe.

So bless all our friends, and God speed the plough.


meale

From Middle English mel, from Old English mǣl, from Proto-West Germanic *māl.


blease

1867, “WEXFORD THREE HUNDRED YEARS AGO”, line 5-6, in APPENDIX

a faggot, a blease, or a blaze,
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


rether

From Middle English rether, from Old English hraþor.


bakoon

e.g. bakoon (bacon), patroon (a patron), gorsoon (a lad), sneesheen (snuff), poag (a kiss), borde (a table), stuckeen (a stocking), pucane (a goat), usbaugh (whiskey).


scudden

Huck nigher, y'art scudden; fartoo zo haachee?

1927, “A YOLA ZONG”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, line 4:

Come nearer; you're shrugging, why so ill-tempered?


streem

From Middle English strem, from Old English strēam, from Proto-West Germanic *straum.


Foyle

OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, line 26.

“The principal of these are named Carrick-a-Shinna, Carrick-a-Dee, and Carrick-a-Foyle, and are respectively 556, 776, and 687 feet above the level of the sea.”


laave

From Middle English leven, from Old English lǣfan, from Proto-West Germanic *laibijan.


laave

Zoo wough kisth, an wough parthet; earch man took his laave;

So we kissed and we parted, each man took his leave;


pultry

From Middle English pultrie, from Old French pouleterie.


gaast

From Middle English gaast, from Old English gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist.


doughtere

From Middle English doughter, from Old English dohtor, from Proto-West Germanic *dohter.


voal

From Middle English fole, from Old English fola, from Proto-West Germanic *folō.


gryne

From Middle English grayne, from Old French grain, from Latin grānum.


stouk

Ch'am a stouk, an a donel; wou'll leigh out ee dey.

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867

I am a fool and a dunce; we'll idle out the day.

"Faad thay goul ez upa thee, thou stouk" co Billeen,

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

"What the divil is on you, you fool?" quoth Billy;


virst

In durk Ich red virst mee left-vooted shoe."

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 11:

In the dark I happened first on my left-footed shoe."


heech

head

heech (simple past heighed, past participle ee-height)

heighed (past)
ee-height (participle past)

From Middle English hechen (“to raise, lift up, build, erect; to go up, rise”).

inh

To put water into a pump to make the sucker work.


nize

From Middle English nese, from Old English *nesu, *neosu.

Zim dellen harnothès w'aar nize ee reed cley;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 8, page 86:

Some digging earth-nuts with their noses in red clay;


smele

From Middle English smele, smullen, from Old English *smellan.


zide

Adee! well zide, stuggoone, an thee raste o' graabache.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:

Ha! well said, (with thy) bad bread, and thy rest of garbage.

He zide hea'de help mee udh o' hoan

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 104:

Hea daffed his cooat, pidh it an a bushe, an begaan to peale a cooat, an zide,

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 3-5:

He took off his coat, put it on a bush, and began to beat the coat, and said,


zide

Ich zide [a] vethers o' mee cuck,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:


speen

From Middle English *spene, from Old English spane, from Proto-West Germanic *spanu.

Na speen to be multh, nar flaase to be shaure.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:

no teat to be milked, nor fleece to be shorn.


brone

F. brone, eelone, hone, lone, sthone, sthrone.

E. brand, island, hand, land, stand, strand.


heighe

Neeghe a heighe thoornes (or thoweares) o' Culpake

1867, OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, page 18:


mize

Licke a mope an a mile, he gazt ing a mize;

Like a fool in a mill, he looked in amazement;


hoat

From Middle English hoot, hote, hoote, from Old English hāt.

Hoat broan.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:

Aar was a muskawn o buthther ee-laaide apan hoat shruaanès,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94:

There was a great heap of butter laid upon hot scraps,


venie

From Middle English fenny, from Old English fenniġ, equivalent to ven + -ie.

Venie bogher; Venie sheardh.


goul

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 5:


vour

From Middle English four, from Old English fēower, from Proto-West Germanic *feuwar.

Vour wing leet.


Lamport

Dugged Lamport,

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX:

a surname, equivalent to English Lamport


vrim

A moan vrim a Bearlough an anoor vrim a Baak,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 1:

A woman from the Bearlough and another from the Beak,


maate

From Middle English meate, met, from Old English mete, from Proto-West Germanic *mati.

Gin we have no mo' maate, it maakes no mo' matter,

[If we have no more meat, it makes no more matter,]


maate

Th' ball want a cowlee, the gazb maate all rize;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:

The ball o'er shot the goal, the dust rose all about;

Aar was a gooude puddeen maate o bran.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:

Which maate mee hearth as coale as leed.


nouth

He at nouth fade t'zey, llean vetch ee man,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 13, page 90:

He that knows what to say, mischief fetch the man,

third-person singular present indicative of know


heade

From Middle English heed, from Old English hēafod. Cognates include English head and Scots heid.


aulaveer

aul (“all”) + agyther (“together”). The middle <-gy-> was syncopated and the <-th-> /-ð-/ was further voiced to <-v->. Compare also brover (“brother”).


aveel

Wu canna baar to gow aveel,

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland


aagar

From Middle English eger, from Old French egre, aigre, from Late Latin ācrus. Cognate with Scots laager.


ameve

From Middle English ameven, borrowed from Old French amover.


arich

From Middle English arliche, from Old English ǣrlīċe (“early”).


baakoozee

baakooze (“oven”) + -ee (“verbal suffix”)


aloghe

From Middle English alogh. Cognate with Scots aloah.

Vrem ee Choure here aloghe up to Cargun.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 86:

From the Choure here below up to Cargun.


angish

Derived from Middle English ange, means pinchedness or straitness of life.

Maa bee haghed i more caar an angish than Ich."

May be upset in more care and hardship than I."


bellee

From Middle English bely, from Old English bælg, from Proto-West Germanic *balgi.


baalee

From Middle English baly (“bailiff”), from Anglo-Norman and Old French bailif. Cognate with Scots bylly.


baskaate

From Middle English basket, from Anglo-Norman bascat, from Late Latin bascauda (“kettle, table-vessel”).


ayghteen

From Middle English eightetene, from Old English eahtatīene, eahtatēne, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōutehun.


awye

From Middle English away, from Old English aweġ, from earlier on weġ (“on one's way”). Cognates include English away and Scots awa.

Awye wough it.

Heve a dishen an trenshoorès awye, Shaneen;

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:

Heave the dishes and the trenchers away, little John;

A scalte croowe coome an taak aam awye,

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 108:

Hea raan awye del hea caame neeghe Burstheoune.

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 2-3:

He ran away until he came nigh to Bridgetown.


blooed

From Middle English blood, from Old English blōd, from Proto-West Germanic *blōd.


bawkoon

From Middle English bacoun, from Anglo-Norman bacon, bacun. Cognate with English bacon, and Scots bawcon.


aslepe

Hea shet his heade in a bushe, an vele aslepe.

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 108:

He thrust his head in a bush, and fell asleep.


veeve

From Middle English vive, from Old English fīf, from Proto-West Germanic *fimf. Cognates include English five and Scots five.


buckate

From Middle English bocket, from Anglo-Norman buket.


ayght

From Middle English eighte, ahte, from Old English eahta, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō. Cognates include English eight and Scots aicht.


baakooze

Borrowed from Irish bácús, from Middle English bakhous, from Old English bæchūs (“bakery, bakehouse”), from Proto-West Germanic *bakahūs (“bakehouse”).


comree

Borrowed from Irish coimrí (“protection”).


zeese

From Middle English six, from Old English six, from Proto-West Germanic *sehs. /ik/ changed into /iː/.


bushe

From Middle English bush, from Old English busċ, from Proto-West Germanic *busk.

Beteesh a kraaneberry-bushe an a ellena-ghou.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 106:

Between the gooseberry-bush and the elder-tree.

Hea daffed his cooat, pidh it an a bushe, an begaan to peale a cooat, an zide,

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 3-5:


boust

From Middle English bost, from Anglo-Norman bost. Cognate with Scots boost, boust (“to drive off, 'shoo' off”).

Mot w'all aar boust, hi soon was ee-teight

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:

But with all their bravado they were soon taught


correate

From Middle English karette, from Latin carōta.


blenty

From Middle English plente, from Old French plenté, from Latin plēnitās, plēnitātem.


anoor

Shoo zent him anoor die a gozleen to keep;

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867

She sent him another day the goslings to keep;


anoor

Anoor vrem a Bake,


bhlock

From Middle English blā̆k, from Old English blæc.


earchee

Joud an moud vrem earchee ete was ee Lough.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 84:

Throngs and crowds from each quarter were at the Lough;


kunnife

From Middle English knyf, from Old English cnīf.


jeist

Amang wefty jhemes, 'cha jeist ee-rid apan.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:

Among cobwebby scraps, I have just alighted on.


hindreth

From Middle English hundred, honderd, from Old English hundred.


chyre

From Middle English chayre, from Old French chaiere, from Latin cathedra.


chisool

From Middle English chisel, from Anglo-Norman chisel.


konnee

From Middle English kne, from Old English cnēow, from Proto-West Germanic *kneu.


henee

From Middle English hony, from Old English huniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *hunag.


laady

From Middle English lady, from Old English hlǣfdīġe.


faulse

Faul=se

1987, The Manuscript of Jacob Poole's Glossary of the Dialect of Forth and Bargy:


kraanberry

/kɾɔːn.bɛˈɾiː/


dhraat

From Middle English throte, from Old English þrote.


contrishelagh

/kɔntɾɪʃiːˈlɔːɡ/

From Middle English congregacioun + -agh (“suffix forming noun, borrowed from Irish -ach”).
Yola is silent when in <-ngr->, thus the first was replaced by an unetymological . The middle was syncopated to simplify articulation. This is a vulgar pronunciation in Ireland.


fungerlagh

/fʊŋɡiːˈlɔːɡ/

Coordinate term: benagh


chaamer

From Middle English chambre, from Old French chambre, from Latin camera, camara. Cognate with Scots chaumer.


clouk

Aar was a clouk.

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 108:


leeoon

From Middle English lyoun, from Old French leon, leun, liun, from Latin leōnem, accusative of leō.


goouness

Greash an' goouness.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


fashoon

From Middle English facioun, from Old French façon, faceon, from Latin factiō.


crewst

From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman cruste, from Latin crusta.


dineare

From Middle English dinere, dener, from Old French disner (“breakfast, lunch”), from Vulgar Latin *disiūnō, *disiūnāre, contraction of disieiūnāre.


clugercheen

From Middle English clicchinge. Compare English clutch (“group, bunch”). The middle <-ger-> may be derived from the second , as if pronounced /ˈklik.t͡ʃing/.

A clugercheen gother: all, ing pile an in heep,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:

A crowd gathered up: all, in pile and in heap,


fhyne

From Middle English fyn, from Old French fin, from Latin finis.


himzil

From Middle English hymself, from Old English him selfum.


gaaye

From Middle English gay, from Old French gai.


fearse

From Middle English fers, from Old French fers, fiers, nominative of fer, fier, from Latin ferus.


loard

From Middle English lord, from Old English hlāford.


gaaute

From Middle English gate, yeate, from Old English ġeat, from Proto-West Germanic *gat.


narrowe

From Middle English narwe, from Old English nearu.


poulee

From Middle English pulse, from Old French pous. The first e was misspelled.


muskawn

Muskawn of buthther.


naatur

From Middle English nature, from Old French nature, from Latin nātūra.


graabache

From Middle English *grabage. Compare also gubbauch.

Adee! well zide, stuggoone, an thee raste o' graabache.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:

Ha! well said, (with thy) bad bread, and thy rest of garbage.


neenteen

From Middle English nynetene, from Old English nigontīene.


plaague

From Middle English plage, from Old French plage, from Latin plāga (“blow, wound”).


meezil

From Middle English myself, from Old English mē self, mē seolf, equivalent to mee + zil.


raskail

From Middle English rascaile, from Old French rascaille (“outcast, rabble”).


chourch

From Middle English church, from Old English ċiriċe, from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā.

Chourch hey.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 46:


graacuse

From Middle English gracious, from Old French gracious, from Latin grātiōsus.

Heal, griue, an kin, apaa thee, graacuse Forth,

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100:

Health, wealth, and regard upon thee, gracious Forth,


greoune

From Middle English groun(e, ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz.


puddeen

From Middle English podynge, probably from Old French bodin, boudin, of disputed origin.

Aar was a gooude puddeen maate o bran.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:


raaison

From Middle English raison, from Anglo-Norman raisun, from Old French reson, from Latin ratiō, ratiōnem.


dhoaugh

From Middle English doughe, from Old English dāg, from Proto-Germanic *daigaz. Cognate with Middle English dowke.


pleough

From Middle English plough, from Old English plōh, from Proto-West Germanic *plōg.


fho

From Middle English who, from Old English hwā, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ.

Fho told thee?

To fho shall ich maake mee redress?

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 102:


ee-go

ee- (“past participle prefix”) + go (“to go”)

prefix

Hea's ee-go.

Ho ro! mee cuck is ee-go.

till ee zin o'oure daies be var aye be ee-go t'glade.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 14-15:

until the sun of our lives be gone down the dark valley (of death).


priesth

From Middle English prest, from Old English prēost.

An a priesth o' parieshe on his lhaung-tyel garraane.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94:

And the priest of the parish on his long tail pony.

An a priesth o parieshe on his garrane baun,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

The priest of the parish on his white pony,


hearesth

From Middle English hervest, harvest, from Old English hærfest, from Proto-West Germanic *harbist.


durk

In durk Ich red virst mee left-vooted shoe."

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

In the dark I happened first on my left-footed shoe."


joee

From Middle English joye, from Old French joie, from Latin gaudia.

How yarthe to-die, mee joee?

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 80:


eyver

From Middle English ēver, er, from Old English ǣfre.


nordh

From Middle English north, from Old English norþ.


heale

From Middle English hele, from Old English hǣlu, hǣl, from Proto-West Germanic *hailī.

Yer hele.


heereen

From Middle English heringe, from Old English gehēring.


heereen

Aar was bidaades an heereen.


eenew

From Middle English ynowe, from Old English ġenōg, from Proto-Germanic *ganōgaz. Cognate with Scots enoo.


neeshte

From early *niskte, itself from southern Middle English nixte, from Old English nīhst.


neeshte

To our pleoughès an mulk-pylès till a neeshte holy die.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 96:

To our ploughs and our milk-pails till the next holiday.


naame

From Middle English name, from Old English nama, from Proto-West Germanic *namō.

Yith w'had any lhuck, oor naame wode b' zung,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 86:

If we had any luck, our name would have been sung


glaude

From Middle English glade, from Old English glæd, from Proto-West Germanic *glad.

A skudhelès, lhaung roosta, wull glaude leth aam what.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 106:

The knives, that were long rusty, well-pleased let them whet.


dhurteen

From Middle English thurtene, from Old English þreotīene, from Proto-Germanic *þritehun.


vifteen

From Middle English fiftene, from Old English fīftīene.


zeventeen

From Middle English seventene, from Old English seofontēne.


vourteen

From Middle English fourtene, from Old English fēowertēne.


vourthe

From Middle English fourthe, from Old English fēorþa. Cognate with Scots fourt (“fourth”).

Wee, Vassalès o' 'His Most Gracious Majesty,' Wilyame ee Vourthe,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 1-3:

We, the subjects of his Most Gracious Majesty, William IV.,


dwanty

From Middle English twenty, from Old English twēntiġ, from Proto-Germanic *twai tigiwiz.

A heeve o' been, an dwanty shilleen.

1867, “THE BRIDE'S PORTION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 102:


enteete

Derived from Middle English tyde, from Old English tīd (“time”), from Proto-Germanic *tīdiz (“time”).


aany

From Middle English āni, from Old English ǣniġ (“any”), from Proto-West Germanic *ainag.

Ar aany noor dhing at woode comfoort mee,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 104:

Or any other thing that would comfort me,


aalhouse

From Middle English alehous, from Old English ealuhūs; equivalent to *aal + heouse. Cognate with Scots helehous.


aager

From Middle English aker, from Old English æcer, from Proto-West Germanic *akr. Cognate with Scots awker.

Dhen aager.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


aake

From Middle English aken, from Old English acan, from Proto-West Germanic *akan. Cognate with Scots yawk.

Craneen t' thee wee aam, thee luggès shell aake.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:

Choking to thee with them. Thy ears shall ache.


aamzil

From Middle English amselve, from Old English him selfum, equivalent to aam + zil.

Aar gentrize ware bibbern, aamzil cou no stoane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:

Their gentry were quaking, themselves could not stand.


aferdth

From Middle English afert, afered, past participle of aferen.


agyne

From Middle English agayn, from Old English āġēan, onġēan, onġeġn.

Thou leeesth if thou wasth Saan Vinteen, an Saan Vinteen agyne.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 52:

Thou liest if thou wast St. Finton, and St. Finton again.


agyther

Derived from Middle English gither, from Old English gæderian, from Proto-West Germanic *gadurōn.


almostly

Derived from Middle English almost, from Old English eallmǣst (“nearly all, almost, for the most part”). Morphologically, from al (“all”) + most + -ly.


alomes

From Middle English almesse, from Old English ælmesse, from Proto-West Germanic *alemōsinā, a borrowing from Vulgar Latin *alemosyna.


ameal

ashes, what is in a meal state, or in a mingled lot.


thye

Lhaung mye thye live in prosperitee;

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 104:


shoone

From Middle English schon, plural of scho (“shoe”).


angerth

From Middle English angerd, past participle of Middle English angeren.


arkagh

Borrowed from Irish airceach (“hungry, ravenous”).

bor+

Wode zar; mot, all arkagh var ee barnaugh-blowe,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:

Would serve; but, all eager for the barnagh-stroke,


bedreede

From Middle English bedrede, from Old English beddrida.


baarich

/bɔːˈɾiːt͡ʃ/

/bɔːˈliːt͡ʃ/

From Middle English barlich, from Old English bærlīċ.


callef

From Middle English calf, from Old English ċealf, from Proto-West Germanic *kalb. Compare also halleef (“half”).


barrm

From Middle English barme, from Old English beorma, from Proto-West Germanic *bermō (“yeast; barm”).


budheree

From Middle English boterie, from Old French boterie and Medieval Latin buteria, from Late Latin botāria.


brimel

From Middle English brimbel, from Old English brēmel, from Proto-West Germanic *brāmil.


blooeden

Blooeden eales.


buthee

From Middle English bodi, from Old English bodiġ, from Proto-West Germanic *bodag.


barrn

From Middle English barn, from Old English bearn, bern, from Proto-West Germanic *barn (“child”).


bebber

From Middle English biveren. Cognate with English bever.


arnaauneen

/ɔːnɔːˈniːn/

Derived from Irish airneán (“sitting up late”) + een.


brover

From Middle English brọ̄ther, from Old English brōþor, from Proto-West Germanic *brōþer. Cognate with Cockney English bruvver.

Sank Joan is oor brover.


atheen

From Middle English etynge, from Old English eting.


endeen

From Middle English endyng, from Old English endung.


faace

From Middle English face, from Old French face, from Late Latin facia. Cognate with Scots fece.


copprouse

Papaver rhoeas
Papaver rhoeas#Translingual

(figurative) corn poppy (bud), red poppy (bud), Papaver rhoeas (bud)


daaily

From Middle English dayly, from Old English dæġlīċ. Equivalent to die (“day”) + -ly.


Deenees

From Middle English Denis, from Old French Denis.

a male given name, equivalent to English Dennis


dhirtee

From Middle English thritty, from Old English þrītiġ.


drush

From Middle English thrusche, thryshe, from Old English þrysċe, from Proto-West Germanic *þruskijā.


dhourk

From Middle English durk, from Old English deorc, from Proto-West Germanic *derk.


comfoort

*From Middle English comfort, from Old French cunfort, confort.
*From Middle English comforten, from Old French conforter, from Late Latin confortō

Mye thee friend ne're waant welcome, nor straayart comfoort.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100:

May thy friend ne'er want welcome, nor the stranger comfort.


Edweard

From Middle English *Edweard, from Old English Ēadweard, from Proto-West Germanic *Audawardu.

a male given name, equivalent to English Edward


Beedher

From Middle English Peter, from Old English Petrus, from Latin Petrus, from Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros), from πέτρος (pétros, “stone, rock”).

a male given name, equivalent to English Peter


gannt

From Middle English gante, from Old English ganot.


ghurteare

From Middle English gartere, from Old French gartier.


halpish

From Middle English hardshipe, equivalent to hard + zhip.


gendrize

From Middle English gentryse, from Old French genterise.


Jaames

a male given name, equivalent to English James


Jennate

a female given name, equivalent to English Janet


earnough

Borrowed from Irish earráideach. The -n- was misspelled.


earnough

A gooude earnough.


harpeare

From Middle English harpere, from Old English hearpere.


harroue

From Middle English harwe, from Old English *hearwa.


gimlie

From Middle English chimeney, from Old French cheminee, from Late Latin camināta. Cognate with Scots chimlie. The voicing /t͡ʃ/ → /d͡ʒ/ was due to stress shift.


Kealeen

Reduced Anglicized from Irish Ó Caollaidhe (“descendant of Caollaidhe”), a personal name based on the adjective caol (“slender, graceful”).


glaade

Goan to glaade; Gone to glaade.


bearde

From Middle English berd, from Old English beard, from Proto-West Germanic *bard, from Proto-Germanic *bardaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰeh₂.


hardhel

From Middle English hardel, from Old English hyrdel, from Proto-West Germanic *hurdil.


kuddan

Borrowed from Irish cadán (“caddis”), its wings resembles a blanket.


flaase

From Middle English flees, from Old English flēos, from Proto-West Germanic *fleus.

Na speen to be multh, nar flaase to be shaure.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:

no teat to be milked, nor fleece to be shorn.


haapney

From Middle English hapeni, from Old English halpenige.

A near a haapney to paay a peepeare.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:


knaughaan

Borrowed from Irish cnocán, equivalent to knaugh + -aan.


lizure

From Middle English laysure, from Old French leisir, laisir, variants of loisir.


kotlieough

Uncertain. Probably from Middle English cate (“gate”) + liegh (“field”).


llean

Borrowed from Irish léan (“evil or harm”).

bor+

He at nouth fade t'zey, llean vetch ee man,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 13, page 90:

He that knows what to say, mischief fetch the man,


geearth

From Middle English geet, geat, goot, from Old English gāt, from Proto-West Germanic *gait.


lickweese

Lickweese mee been deeth in aar heeve.

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 104:


kruck

From Middle English crokke, from Old English crocca, from Proto-West Germanic *kroggō.


helbough

From Middle English elbohe, from Old English elnboga, from Proto-Germanic *alinabugô. Cognate with Scots elbuck.


knaggee

Fade teil thee zo lournagh, co Joane, zo knaggee?

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 84:

What ails you so melancholy, quoth John, so cross?


keow

From Middle English cou, from Old English cū, from Proto-West Germanic *kō (“cow”).

Dhree brailès o' beanès, an a keow at was yole,

Three barrels of beans, and a cow that was old,


mileare

From Middle English millere, equivalent to mile + -eare.


mhyne

Chas mhyne weery.


heeve

From Middle English hyve, from Old English hȳf, from Proto-West Germanic *hūfi.

A heeve o' been, an dwanty shilleen.

Lickweese mee been deeth in aar heeve.


mossaale

From Middle English morsel, from Old French morsel, morsiel, morcel.


lhawm

From Middle English lamb, lomb, from Old English lamb, from Proto-West Germanic *lamb.


khuingoke

/kwɪɲɔːˈkiː/


Mureesh

From Middle English Maurice, from Late Latin Mauritius. Compare
also Irish Muiris.

a male given name, equivalent to English Maurice


muthon

From Middle English motoun, from Old French mouton, from Vulgar Latin moltō.


meouth

From Middle English mouth, from Old English mūþ, from Proto-West Germanic *munþ.


Neleen

a female given name, equivalent to English Nelly


nickht

From Middle English knict, knikt, from Old English cniht, from Proto-West Germanic *kneht.


neape

From Middle English neep, from Old English nǣp, from Latin nāpus.


mulke

From Middle English mulke, melke, from Old English melcan, meolcan.

Mulke a beasthes.


emothee

Derived from Middle English emot, from Old English ǣmete, from Proto-West Germanic *āmaitijā.

An broughet ee stell, ing a emothee knaghane.

Oore joys all ee-smort ing a emothee knaghane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:

Our joys are all smothered in a pismire-hill.

Twish thee an Tommeen, an ee emothee knaghane.

Betwixt you and Tommy and the pismire-hill.


michty

From Middle English myghty, from Old English mihtig, from Proto-West Germanic *mahtīg.

Mee cuck was liveen michty well,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 102:


ourzels

Mang ourzels——var wee dwytheth an Irelonde az ure generale haime——

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 14-15:

Unto ourselves——for we look on Ireland to be our common country——


lereke

From Middle English lerke, leverock, from Old English lāwerce, from Proto-West Germanic *laiwarikā.


measkeen

Either derived from Irish measc (“to mix”) or derived from Middle English mask, maske (“mesh”).

A flat-bottomed basket for straining potatoes.


nodhing

From Middle English nothyng, from Old English nāþing.

Aar was nodhing ee-left mot a heade,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:

Mee piggès, mee geearthès, nor nodhing threeve,

Vear'd nodhing mot Portheare. Na skeine e'er ee-waare.

I feared nothing but Porter. No skein I ever wore.


ooree

A war cowdealeen wi ooree.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 32:

Draugh a ooree, or Draugh a thooree.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 36:

Pa ooree.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 60:


Mondei

From Middle English Monday, from Old English mōnandæġ, from Proto-West Germanic *mānini dag.


loothee

Derived from Middle English lewthe, from Old English hlēowþ.


zimmer

From Middle English somer, from Old English sumor, from Proto-West Germanic *sumar. Cognates include English summer and Scots simmer.


baskeat

This would point to the slang of the ring, where the breast is called the bread-basket.


cambaute

caam (“crooked”) + bath (“bat”). Original /a/ was lengthened to /ɔː/ when in last stressed syllable.


abeit

From the Middle English expression al be it (that), itself shortened from althagh it be that (“although it be that”).


wafur

Th’ weithest all curcagh, wafur, an cornee.

You seem all snappish, uneasy, and fretful.


caushe

From Middle English cauce, from Anglo-Norman caucee (“route, highway”), from Vulgar Latin *calciāta, from either Latin calx (“limestone”) or calciō (“to stamp with the heels, tread”), from calx (“heel”).


w'all

Mot w'all aar boust, hi soon was ee-teight

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:

But with all their bravado they were soon taught


baree

Yerstey w'had a baree, gist ing oor hoane,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:

Yesterday we had a goal just in our hand.

Tommeen was lous, an zo was ee baree.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:


baush

Borrowed from Irish bas, bos (“palm of the hand”), from Old Irish bas, bos, from Proto-Celtic *bostā.


zaawe

From Middle English sawe, from Old English sagu, from Proto-West Germanic *sagu.


erroane

From Middle English erand, from Old English ǣrende, from Proto-West Germanic *ārundī.


coome

head

coome (simple past caame, past participle ee-cam)

From Middle English comen, from Old English cuman, from Proto-West Germanic *kweman.

Coome to thee met; Coome thee wyse.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:

Duggès an kauddès coome lick up a rhyme,

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 108:

Dogs and cats came to lick up the cream.

A scalte croowe coome an taak aam awye,

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 108:


lournagh

Derived from Middle English lorn, (past participle of lese, lesen (“to lose, be deprived of; to damn, doom to perdition”)) and Irish -ach.


zitch

From Middle English swich, from Old English swilċ.

Zitch vaperreen, an shimmereen, fan ee-daff ee aar scoth!

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 84:

Such vapouring and glittering when stript in their shirts!

Zitch blakeen, an blayeen, fan ee ball was ee-drowe!

Such bawling and shouting, when the ball was thrown!

Zitch vezzeen, tarvizzeen, 'tell than w'ne'er zey.

Such driving, and struggling, 'till then we ne'er saw.


w'ouse

Lidge w'ouse an a milagh, tis gaay an louthee:

Lie with us on the clover, 'tis fair and sheltered:


zoane

From Middle English sand, from Old English sand, from Proto-West Germanic *samd.


zough

wee hert ee zough o'ye colure o' pace na name o' Mulgrave.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 8-9:

we heard the distant sound of the wings of the dove of peace, in the word Mulgrave.


zoweare

From Middle English sowere, from Old English sāwere.


zouth

From Middle English south, from Old English sūþ.

Zouth wyeene.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 79:


zound

From Middle English soun, from Anglo-Norman sun, soun, from accusative of Latin sonus.


yersthei

From Middle English yurstai, from Old English ġierstandæġ.

Ear yersthei.


zweal

From Middle English swelen, from Old English swelan, from Proto-West Germanic *swelan.


zweal

Baakhooses an lauckès war aul ee a zweal.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 98:

[Ovens and locks were all in the swale.]


teoun

Yole teoun.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 80:

OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, page 9.

When Mr. Poole wrote his Gazetteer about 1823, the Norrises were still dwelling on their forefathers' teoun.


bandēle

From Middle English bandell, from Old French bendel, bandel, diminutive of bende, bande.


bawen

Borrowed from Irish bán (“walled enclosure”).


barnaugh

Borrowed from Irish bairneach. Related to English barnacle.

Wode zar; mot, all arkagh var ee barnaugh-blowe,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:

Would serve; but, all eager for the barnagh-stroke,


beanès

From Middle English bene, from Old English bēan, from Proto-West Germanic *baunu, from Proto-Germanic *baunō.

Aar was pizzeen, an beanès, an barich amang.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:

There were pease and beans, and barley-mung.

Dhree brailès o' beanès, an a keow at was yole,

1867, “THE BRIDE'S PORTION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 102:

Three barrels of beans, and a cow that was old,


faade

From Middle English waet, from Old English hwæt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwat.

Var faade?

Faade ee-happen'd mee lauthest Gooude Vreedie.

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1:


faade

From Middle English faden, from Old French fader. Cognate with Scots fede.

F. aake, faace, faade, glaade, laace, maake.


bebbereens

From Middle English beveringe, equivalent to bebber + -een + -s. Cognate with English bevering.


benagh

Coordinate term: fungerlagh


belooze

From Middle English belose, plural of belu, belwe, a northern form of bely.


besmorth

From Middle English bi smeored, from Old English besmirwan, besmierwan (“to besmear”).


breal

From Middle English *brylen (“to singe, scorch, attested in bryled”).

inh

to singe, scorch, attested in <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">bryled</i>

Trippeathès an brand-eyrons war ee-brougkt to a big breal.

[Trippets and brandirons were brought to the large fire.]


boouchel

From Middle English bokel, from Old French boucle, from Latin buccula, diminutive of bucca (“cheek”).


buththone

From Middle English button, from Old French boton.


broan

From Middle English brōnd, brānd, from Old English brand, brond, from Proto-West Germanic *brand.

hoat broan


tyel

From Middle English tayl, from Old English tæġl.

An a priesth o' parieshe on his lhaung-tyel garraane.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94:

And the priest of the parish on his long tail pony.


coolaan

Ich woode be pitcht ee kurkeen, ar zippeen, to a coolaan.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 106:

I would be poked into the mow or the stack up to the back of my head.


houghany

Possibly from Middle English hough (“heel”) + -an (“diminutive suffix, from Irish -án”) + -y (“adjective suffix”).

Houghany set.


commaun

Borrowed from Irish camán. By surface analysis, caam (“crooked”) + -án (“Irish noun suffix”).


verilie

From Middle English verily, equivalent to veree + -lie.

an, az wee verilie chote,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, line 3:


parieshe

From Middle English parisshe, from Old French paroisse, from Late Latin parochia.

An a priesth o parieshe on his garrane baun,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

The priest of the parish on his white pony,


blautheer

From Middle English bladre, from Old English blǣdre, blēdre (“blister, bladder”). Cognate with English blather and Scots blether.


buthther

From Middle English butter, from Old English butere, from Proto-West Germanic *buterā. It is a vulgar pronunciation of butter throughout Ireland.

Muskawn of buthther.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 58:


blauke

From Middle English blaken (“to frighten”), from Old English blācian (“to become pale”).


Billeen

Billeen Scalaane an hys yola moan,

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

"Faad thay goul ez upa thee, thou stouk" co Billeen,

"What the divil is on you, you fool?" quoth Billy;

Co Sooney, "Billeen dowst thee zee faads lewer,

Says Alice "Billy, do you see what's yonder?"

'Tus a gearded ee freightened Billeen's yola caule.

'Twas a goat that frightened Billy's old caule (horse).

a male given name, equivalent to English Billy


weddeen

From Middle English weddynge, from Old English weddung.

Aar was a weddeen ee Ballymore,

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 77

Chul zing o a weddeen o Paudeen Foughlaan,

I'll sing of the wedding of Paddy Coughlan,


zeene

From Middle English sygne, from Old English seġn, from Latin signum (“sign”).


zeeth

From Middle English *siþe, from Old English sīþ.


zeade

From Middle English seed, from Old English sǣd, from Proto-West Germanic *sād.


bederup

From Middle English bẹ̄derip, from Old English bedrīp.


betweesk

From Middle English bitwixe, from Old English betweox.


bidaades

Borrowed from English potato, from Spanish patata, itself borrowed from Taíno batata. Cognate with Scots bitatoe.

Aar was bidaades an heereen.


blauyke

Unetymological was influnced by Irish <ái> /aː/ & <ói> /oː/.


lhause

Lhause a dher.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 34:


dezeen

From Middle English doseyne, from Old French dozaine.


dhonal

*don + -el. Related to English dunny (“dummy, an unintelligent person”).


dher

From Middle English dur, from Old English duru, from Proto-West Germanic *dur.

Lhause a dher; Theene a dher.

Tine a dher.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 72:


waare

head

waare (third-person singular simple present weeireth, past participle ee-waare)

weeireth (present singular third-person)
ee-waare (participle past)

From Middle English weren, from Old English werian, from Proto-West Germanic *waʀjan.


brazon

From Middle English brasen, from Old English bræsen.


brandeyrons

From Middle English brandiren, from Old English brandīren, brandīsen.


brough

From Middle English breoken, from Old English brecan, from Proto-West Germanic *brekan.


brough

To his sweethearth, an smack lick a dab of a brough.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 96:

To his sweetheart, and smacked like a slap of a shoe.


buoyren

Possibly cognate with English bullying. Unetymological was influnced by Irish <úi> /uː/.


burdès

From Middle English burd, from Old English bridd.


yarth

From Middle English art, from Old English eart.


yarth

Blessed yarth amang meyen.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 56:


butheree

From Middle English *butery; equivalent to buthther + -ee.


Caut

a female given name, equivalent to English Cate


caulthe

From Middle English callen, from Old English ceallian and Old Norse kalla, both from Proto-Germanic *kalzōną.


'chas

Ich as (or 'chas) greatly blin.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 26:


'chote

From Middle English ichot, equivalent to 'ch- + 'ote.


'cha

From Middle English ichave; equivalent to 'ch- + have.

Amang wefty jhemes, 'cha jeist ee-rid apan.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:

Among cobwebby scraps, I have just alighted on.


'cham

From Middle English icham, equivalent to 'ch- + am. Cognate with English cham.

'Cham afear'd ich mosth cress a Shanaan,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 104:


'chull

From Middle English ichulle, equivalent to 'ch- + wull. Cognate with English chill.


awaa

God save ye Kinge, hev awaa ye platter."

1927, “THE FORTH MAN'S GRACE AFTER A SCANTY DINNER”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 137, line 4:

[God save the King, heave away the platter.]


chemis

From Middle English chippe. Original /-p/ was voiced to /-m/ after long /iː/, compare Phielim (“Philip”).


chourle

From Middle English churl, from Old English ċeorl, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz.


coardhed

The past participle of a verb *coardhe, from Irish cuardaigh (“to search”), from Middle Irish cúartaigid.

Coardhed an recoardhed.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


coolecannan

Borrowed from Irish cál ceannann. Cognate to English colcannon.

Maade a nicest coolecannan that e'er ye did zee.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94:

Made the nicest coolecannan that ever you did see.

A mixed dish of winter greens and potatoes, butter and pepper, similar to colcannon.


cowdealeen

From unattested Middle English *skodlinge, metathesis of Middle English skoldinge. Initial s- was lost before /kuː/, compare keowe (“shove”).

A war cowdealeen wi ooree.


cozeen

From Middle English cosyn, from Old French cosin (and feminine cosine), inherited from Latin cōnsōbrīnus.


craueen

Craneen t' thee wee aam, thee luggès shell aake.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:

Choking to thee with them. Thy ears shall ache.


curneale

From Middle English cornel, from Anglo-Norman cornere.


crookeen

From Middle English crokynge. Equivalent to curk + -een.

Y'oure w' thee crookeen, an yie mee thee hoane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 13, page 90:

Give over your crossness, and give me your hand.


curcagh

curk (“to squat”) + -agh (“from Irish -ach”)

suffix

from Irish <i class="Latn mention" lang="ga">-ach</i>

Th’ weithest all curcagh, wafur, an cornee.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 84:

You seem all snappish, uneasy, and fretful.


curthere

From Middle English quarter, from Anglo-Norman quarter, from Latin quartārius.

Arraugh curthere; Zummer curthere; Harrest curthere; Wonter curthere.


curkite

curk (“to squat”) + -ite (“past participle suffix borrowed from Irish”).


curkite

Tumbling or thrusting one another down; wrestling


crockès

Tibbès an crockès wee drink war ee-felt.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 98:

[Tubs and crocks were filled with drink.]


cusseraane

Derived from Irish cabhsa + -ron. Compare hamaron.


croowe

From Middle English crowe, from Old English crāwe, from Proto-West Germanic *krāā.

A scalte croowe coome an taak aam awye,

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 108:


deligkt

From Middle English deliȝt, from Old French delit.


detch

From Middle English thacchen, from Old English þeċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *þakkjan.


deoune

From Middle English doun, from Old English dūne, aphetic form of adūne, from ofdūne (“off the hill”).


dansth

A peepeare struck ap; wough dansth aul in a ring;

The piper struck up, we danced all in a ring,


delleen

From Middle English delvynge, from Old English delfung.


donel

Ch'am a stouk, an a donel; wou'll leigh out ee dey.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 84:

I am a fool and a dunce; we'll idle out the day.


dearnt

From Middle English dernen, dærnen, from Old English dyrnan, diernan (“to keep secret, conceal, hide, restrain, repress, hide oneself”), from Proto-West Germanic *darnijan (“to conceal”), from *darnī (“hidden, secret”).

inh

Our eein wode b' mistern t' dearnt up ee skee.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:

Our eyes would be dazzled to look up to the sky.


dhreeve

From Middle English driven, from Old English drīfan, from Proto-West Germanic *drīban.


dhunder

From Middle English thonder, from Old English þunor, from Proto-West Germanic *þunr.


deight

Ha deight ouse var gabble, tell ee zin go t'glade.

You have put us in talk, 'till the sun goes to set.


dhurth

From Middle English durt, from Old Norse drit, from Proto-Germanic *dritą, *dritō (“excrement”).

Aar's dhurth a heighe.


dieeght

head

dieeght (past participle ee-deight or deight)

ee-deight (participle past)
deight (participle past)

From Middle English dighten, from Old English dihtan.


drummaun

A girth over the horse's back to keep up the trace, a ridge tie.


drostal

From Middle English throstel, from Old English þrostle, from Proto-West Germanic *þrostlā.


eatheet

From Middle English evetyde (“evening”), from Old English ǣfentīd.


eeeloan

Probably inherited from Middle English ilond, from Old English īeġland, from Proto-West Germanic *auwjuland.
Poole compares it to Irish oileán, but this seems unnecessary. The undiphthongised i-vowel is also found in e.g. eeren (“iron”), neen (“nine”), peepeare (“piper”), and the second syllable is the same as lhoan (“land”), hoane (“hand”).


egast

From Middle English agasten (“to terrify”).


eeth

From Middle English ethe, from Old English īeþe, from Proto-West Germanic *auþī.


eysthe

From early /iːskt/, from Middle English ixte.


egasted

From Middle English agasted, past participle of agasten (“to terrify”).


eord

From Middle English eorðe, from Old English eorþe, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu.


errone

At aar errone was var ameing 'ar 'ngish ee-height.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:

That their errand was aiming to bring anguish upon them.


fagoghes

From Middle English fagot, from Old French fagot.


falloo

From Middle English falow, from Old English fealg, from Proto-West Germanic *falgu.


fardele

From Middle English farendel, from Old English fēorþan dǣl.


fardeen

From Middle English farthing, from Old English fēorþung, from Proto-Germanic *fedurþungaz.


falsakeen

Borrowed from Irish *fallásaichín, unattested diminutive of fallásach (“fallacious”).

An unprincipled character, a false person.


Fearde

The bar of Forth, a dangerous salt water inlet.


fartoo

Huck nigher; y'art scuddeen; fartoo zo hachee?

Come nearer; you're rubbing your back; why so ill tempered?

Well, gosp, c'hull be zeid; mot thee fartoo, an fade;

Well, gossip, it shall be told; you ask what ails me, and for what;


feand

From Middle English feend, from Old English fēond, from Proto-Germanic *fijandz.


farragh

From Middle English *farow (found only in the plural faren), from Old English fearh (“piglet”), from Proto-West Germanic *farh.


fowlès

From Middle English fowel, from Old English fugol, from Proto-West Germanic *fugl.