big

A big dole.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 36:

A big oanès.

Trippeathès an brand-eyrons war ee-brougkt to a big breal.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 98:

[Trippets and brandirons were brought to the large fire.]


green

From Middle English grene, from Old English grēne, from Proto-West Germanic *grōnī.

Oore hart cam' t' oore mouth, an zo w' all ee green;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:

Our hearts came to our mouth, and so with all in the green;


dear

From Middle English dere, from Old English dīere, from Proto-West Germanic *diurī.

Hea marreet dear Phielim to his sweet Jauane.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

He married dear Phelim to his sweet Joan.


welcome

Ye be welcome, hearthilee welcome, mee joees,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94:

You are welcome, heartily welcome, my joys,

Ye be welcome, hearthillee, ivery oan.

Y'ar welcome hartille, yar welcome, joyes.

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 130:

[You're welcome heartily, you're welcome, joys.]


any

Yith w'had any lhuck, oor naame wode b' zung,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 86:

If we had any luck, our name would have been sung


o

From Middle English oo, an apocopic form of oon.

O hardïshe o' anoor.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


small

A small neal.

GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY


left

From Middle English left, from Old English lyft.

In durk Ich red virst mee left-vooted shoe."

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 11:

In the dark I happened first on my left-footed shoe."


hard

From Middle English hard, from Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī).

W' vengem too hard, he zunk ee commane,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:

With venom too hard, he sunk his bat-club,


bra

From Middle French brave, borrowed from Italian bravo, itself of uncertain origin. Cognate with Scots braw.

Many a bra draught by Tommeen was ee-maate;


sweet

From Middle English swete, from Old English swēte, from Proto-West Germanic *swōtī.


stiff

From Middle English stif, from Old English stīf, from Proto-West Germanic *stīf.

Stiff Staffort,

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX:


long

w'oul daie an ercha daie, our meines an oure gurles, praie var long an happie zins,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 11-12:

we will daily and every day, our wives and our children, implore long and happy days,


many

From Middle English mani, from Old English maniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *manag.


lash

From Middle English *las (a corruption of last), from Old English latost. Compare also fash and bash.


vat

From Middle English fat, from Old English fǣtt, from Proto-West Germanic *faitid.

Ich aam a vat hog it's drue. Aar is ken apan aam.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:

I am a fat hog, 'tis true. There is ken upon them.


cursed

To hint dhicka cursed vox vrom Bloomere's lhoan.

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 104:

To hunt that cursed fox from Bloomer's land.


own

Esholthet own anoree

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 18

Fan Buckeen hay pooked lik own thing mad.

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

When Buckeen he jumped like a thing mad.


holy

To our pleoughès an mulk-pylès till a neeshte holy die.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 96:

To our ploughs and our milk-pails till the next holiday.


wicked

Zimaan Haay is a wicked man,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 104:


keen

From Middle English kene, from Old English cēne.


more

More trolleen, an yalpeen, an moulteen away.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 8, page 86:

More rolling and spewing, and pining away.


boor

From Middle English poor, from Old French povre, from Latin pauper.

An a boor lithel breedegroom waithed wonderfullee griefte.

And the poor dirty bridegroom looked wondrously grieved.


zed

From Middle English soden, sode (“seethed”, past participle of sethen), with the vowel taken from other forms of the verb.

Zed met.


gai

Gai Gaffort,


reed

From Middle English red, from Old English rēad, from Proto-West Germanic *raud.

Reed jhemes; Reed-shearde on a mountain.

Zim dellen harnothès w'aar nize ee reed cley;

Some digging earth-nuts with their noses in red clay;


much

Hea had no much wut,

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 108:


zo

From Middle English so, from Old English swā, from Proto-West Germanic *swā.

Tommeen was lous, an zo was ee baree.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:


mucha

From Middle English muche, muchel, from Old English myċel, miċel, from Proto-West Germanic *mikil, from Proto-Germanic *mikilaz. The unetymological <-a> /-ә/ was inserted to separate consonants.

Mucha boagher.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 27:

Mucha whithel.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 78:

Th' mucha zea sthroan.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 80:


mad

From Middle English mad, from Old English ġemǣdd, ġemǣded (“enraged”).

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 4:


rare

From Middle English rare, from Old French rer, from Latin rārus.

ye wake o'hopes ee-blighte, stampe na yer zwae be rare an lightzom.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 2-4:

the consequence of disappointed hopes, confirms your rule to be rare and enlightened.


wooden

An neeat wooden trenshoorès var whiter than snow.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:

And neat wooden trenchers far whiter than snow.


deed

From Middle English deed, from Old English dēad, from Proto-West Germanic *daud.

Ochone! Jone, thee yart deed.


ill

From Middle English ille, from Old Norse illr.

Ill een.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


whit

From Middle English whit, from Old English hwīt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīt.

Thou ne'er eighthest buskès, whit palskès, breede-kaake.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:

Thou never eatedst spiced bread, white palskes, (or) bride-cake.


hie

Nich th' hie thoras o' Culpake.

1867, OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, page 18:


sleight

From Middle English slight, from Old English sliht.


proud

From Middle English proud, from Old English prūd.

Proud Derouze,

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX:


o'

Shoo zent him o' die.

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 108:


uncouth

From Middle English uncouth, from Old English uncūþ (“unknown; unfamiliar; strange”), from Proto-West Germanic *unkunþ.

inh

1867, “WEXFORD THREE HUNDRED YEARS AGO”, line 9, in APPENDIX

estraunge, uncouth;
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


besom

From Middle English bysom (“blind, purblind”), from Old English bisene (“blind”). Cognate with English bisson.

Thick besom fighed a spagh wi kick an a blaake[…]

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 5:

The stupid kid figged the spoke, with a kick and a bleat […]


holly

From Middle English holly, from Old English hāliġ, from Proto-West Germanic *hailag.

Hollydie.


sturdy

From Middle English sturdy, from Old French estourdi.

An aar w' had Treblere an sturdy Cournug.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:

And there we had Treblere and sturdy Cournug.


yola

Yola zong.

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867

an na plaine garbe o' oure yola talke,

and in the simple dress of our old dialect,

Haar wee bee dhree yola mydes,

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

Billeen Scalaane an hys yola moan,

"If thou dinna gow on chul daf thee yola skien."

"If you don't go on I'll strip your old skin."

'Tus a gearded ee freightened Billeen's yola caule.

'Twas a goat that frightened Billy's old caule (horse).

Yola Vather Deruse hay raree cam thoare,

Thaare was yola Jem Mahony, a noted pipere,

There was old Jem Mahony, a noted piper,


nicest

From Middle English nyce, from Old French nice, from Latin nescius.

Maade a nicest coolecannan that e'er ye did zee.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94:

Made the nicest coolecannan that ever you did see.


vrist

vrom, vresh, vroste, voote, vrist, vour


elles

From Middle English elles, from Old English elles, from Proto-West Germanic *alljas.


var

From Middle English far, from Old English feorr.

Yer name var zetch avancet avare ye, e'en a dicke var hye, arent whilke ye brine o'zea an ye craggès o'noghanes cazed nae balke.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 4-6:

Your fame for such came before you even into this retired spot, to which neither the waters of the sea below nor the mountains above caused any impediment.


contented

Zoo wough aul returnth hime, contented an gaay,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 96:

So we all returned home, contented and gay,


hel

From Middle English halle, from Old English hol.


nether

From Middle English nethere, from Old English niþera.


hia

Nich th' hia thoras o' Culpake.

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 130:


alane

proo'th, y'at wee alane needeth ye giftes o'generale rights, az be displayte bie ee factes o'thie goveremente.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 23-24:

proves that we alone stood in need of the enjoyment of common privileges, as is demonstrated by the results of your government.


brode

From Middle English brood, from Old English brād, from Proto-West Germanic *braid.


baun

An a priesth o parieshe on his garrane baun,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

The priest of the parish on his white pony,


myne

Myne saaughe.


valse

Valse Vurlonge,

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 126


whiter

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:


oan

From Middle English oon, from Old English ān, from Proto-West Germanic *ain. Cognates include English one and Scots ane.

* * * * oan anooree

Gooude var nat oan dhing, niether treesh ar thraame;

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:

Good for not one thing; neither for the trace, nor the car.


gry

From Middle English grey, from Old English grǣġ, from Proto-West Germanic *grāu.


generale

/d͡ʒɛnəˈɾɔːɫ/

From Middle English generale, from Anglo-Norman general, from Latin generālis.

Mang ourzels——var wee dwytheth an Irelonde az ure generale haime——

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 14-15:

Unto ourselves——for we look on Ireland to be our common country——

—t'avance pace an livertie, an, wi'oute vlynch, ee garde o' generale reights an poplare vartue.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 19-21:

to promote peace and liberty—the uncompromising guardian of common right and public virtue.

Wi Irishmen owre generale hopes be ee-bond——

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 9-10:

With Irishmen our common hopes are inseparably bound up——


baar

From Middle English baar, from Old English bær, from Proto-West Germanic *baʀ.

Or to a baar walles o Laady's Ilone?

1927, “LAMENT OF A WIDOW”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 130, line 3:


vaste

From Middle French vaste, from Latin vastus (“void, immense”).

Ye pace——yea, we mai zei, ye vaste pace whilke bee ee-stent owr ye londe zince th'ast ee-cam,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 21-23:

The peace——yes, we may say the profound peace—which overspreads the land since your arrival,


bawn

NOTES TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE
(1) Garrane Bawn is Irish


nigher

Huck nigher; y'art scuddeen; fartoo zo hachee?

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 84:

Come nearer; you're rubbing your back; why so ill tempered?


cornee

From Middle English corny; equivalent to coorn + -ee. Cognate with English corny (“excessively sentimental”).

cog

Th’ weithest all curcagh, wafur, an cornee.

You seem all snappish, uneasy, and fretful.


vlat

From Middle English flat, from Old Norse flatr.

Fan Sooney shu tumbled vlat upa road.

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 9:


dight

From Middle English dight, past participle of dighten.


happie

w'oul daie an ercha daie, our meines an oure gurles, praie var long an happie zins,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 11-12:

we will daily and every day, our wives and our children, implore long and happy days,


gude

shorne o'lournagh an ee-vilt wi benisons, an yerzel an oure gude Zovereine,

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867

free from melancholy and full of blessings, for yourself and our good Sovereign,

"Hay was mee gude plowere,

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

Mee gude sowere,

Mee gude ruppere,

An mee gude sippeen maakere.


gay

Gay Rochfort

1927, THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD:


mo'

From Middle English more, from Old English māra.

Gin we have no mo' maate, it maakes no mo' matter,

1927, “THE FORTH MAN'S GRACE AFTER A SCANTY DINNER”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 137, line 3:

[If we have no more meat, it makes no more matter,]


nother

Variant of anoor (“another”), influenced by re-analysis as a nother.


plaine

From Middle English playn, from Old French plain, from Latin planus.

an na plaine garbe o' oure yola talke,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 5-6:

and in the simple dress of our old dialect,


drue

From Middle English trewe, from Old English trīewe, from Proto-West Germanic *triuwī.

Ich aam a vat hog it's drue. Aar is ken apan aam.

I am a fat hog, 'tis true. There is ken upon them.


loyale

na coshe an loyale dwellerès na Baronie Forthe,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 3-4:

both faithful and loyal inhabitants of the Barony of Forth,

az Irishmen, an az dwellerès na cosh an loyale o' Baronie Forthe,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 10-11:

as Irishmen, and as inhabitants, of faithful and loyal, of the Barony Forth,


westan

From Middle English westen, from Old English westan.

Westan wyeene.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 79:


zaft

From Middle English softe, from Old English sēfte, from Proto-West Germanic *samftī.


lear

From Middle English lere, from Old English *lǣre, gelǣr, from Proto-West Germanic *lāʀi, *lāʀī.

At ye mye ne'er be wooveless ta vill a lear jock an cooan.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100:

That you may never be unprovided to fill an empty jack and can.


zeek

From Middle English seeke, from Old English sēc, variant of sēoc, from Proto-West Germanic *seuk.


blaak

Zien, "a blaak vall, a blaak vall, Ich meigh vella knew,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 9:

Saying "a black fall, a black fall——I might well have known,


blin

From Middle English blyn, from Old English blind, from Proto-West Germanic *blind.

Ich as (or 'chas) greatly blin.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


yold

Yold mawn.


plesant

From Middle English plesaunte, from Old French plaisant.

MAI'T BE PLESANT TO TH' ECCELLENCIE

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, line 1:


nich

Nich th' hie thoras o' Culpake.

1867, OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, page 18:


vull

From Middle English ful, from Old English full, from Proto-West Germanic *full.

Vull o' graace.


reicht

From Middle English right, from Old English riht, from Proto-West Germanic *reht.

Reicht hoane; Reicht arrm.


valler

From Middle English farrer (“great, much”).

Th' valler w'speen here, th' lass ee chourch-hey.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 84:

The more we spend here, the less in the churchyard.


coale

* From Middle English colden, from Old English *caldian, cealdian.
* From Middle English cold, from Old English cald, from Proto-West Germanic *kald.

Which maate mee hearth as coale as leed.

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:


fause

From Middle English faus, fals, from Old English fals.


yole

From Middle English yolde, yolle, from Old English eald, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eltós, a suffixed form of *h₂el- (“grow, nourish”). Cognate with English wold.

Yole Teoun.

1867, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland (in English), page 80:

Dhree brailès o' beanès, an a keow at was yole,

1867, “SONGS, METRICAL PIECES, ETC. IN THE OLD ENGLISH SPEECH OF FORTH AND BARGY → THE BRIDE'S PORTION”, in A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland (in English), page 102:

Three barrels of beans, and a cow that was old,


heigh

From Middle English heigh, from Old English hēah, from Proto-West Germanic *hauh.

Heigh thoornes.


zichel

Nore zichel ne'er well, nowe, nore ne'er mey.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:

Nor such never will, no (now), nor never may.


graat

From Middle English grete, from Old English grēat, from Proto-West Germanic *graut.

An aal their vrienes had a graat spree.

1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, line 4:

And aal their friends had a great spree.


baare

"Twi baare bones upa a baare dish,

1927, “THE FORTH MAN'S GRACE AFTER A SCANTY DINNER”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 137, line 1:


lous

Tommeen was lous, an zo was ee baree.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:


unket

From Middle English unked, past participle of unkythen.

Go gaame abuth Forth, thou unket saalvache.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:

Go, make game about Forth, thou uncouth sloven.


hungree

From Middle English hungry, from Old English hungriġ.


straung

From Middle English straunge, from Old English strang, strong, from Proto-West Germanic *strang.

"steoute and straung,"

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:


raree

Derived from Middle English *rare (“soft-cooked”), from Old English hrēr, hrēre.

der+

Raree met in plathearès, ee-zet in a rooe,

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 64

There was choice meat in platters, set in a row,


gaay

A gaay wytheen midhe.

Lidge w'ouse an a milagh, tis gaay an louthee:

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 84:

Lie with us on the clover, 'tis fair and sheltered:

Zoo wough aul returnth hime, contented an gaay,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 96:

So we all returned home, contented and gay,


hachee

Huck nigher; y'art scuddeen; fartoo zo hachee?

Come nearer; you're rubbing your back; why so ill tempered?


smoo

From Middle English smothe, from Old English smōþ.


virst

In durk Ich red virst mee left-vooted shoe."

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 11:

In the dark I happened first on my left-footed shoe."


heighe

Neeghe a heighe thoornes (or thoweares) o' Culpake


hoat

From Middle English hoot, hote, hoote, from Old English hāt.

Hoat broan.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:

Aar was a muskawn o buthther ee-laaide apan hoat shruaanès,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94:

There was a great heap of butter laid upon hot scraps,


venie

From Middle English fenny, from Old English fenniġ, equivalent to ven + -ie.

Venie bogher; Venie sheardh.


aagar

From Middle English eger, from Old French egre, aigre, from Late Latin ācrus. Cognate with Scots laager.


bhlock

From Middle English blā̆k, from Old English blæc.


gaaye

From Middle English gay, from Old French gai.


fhyne

From Middle English fyn, from Old French fin, from Latin finis.


fearse

From Middle English fers, from Old French fers, fiers, nominative of fer, fier, from Latin ferus.


graacuse

From Middle English gracious, from Old French gracious, from Latin grātiōsus.

Heal, griue, an kin, apaa thee, graacuse Forth,

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100:

Health, wealth, and regard upon thee, gracious Forth,


faulse

Faul=se

1987, The Manuscript of Jacob Poole's Glossary of the Dialect of Forth and Bargy:


glaude

From Middle English glade, from Old English glæd, from Proto-West Germanic *glad.

A skudhelès, lhaung roosta, wull glaude leth aam what.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 106:

The knives, that were long rusty, well-pleased let them whet.


ee-go

ee- (“past participle prefix”) + go (“to go”)

prefix

Hea's ee-go.

Ho ro! mee cuck is ee-go.

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 102:

till ee zin o'oure daies be var aye be ee-go t'glade.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 14-15:

until the sun of our lives be gone down the dark valley (of death).


nordh

From Middle English north, from Old English norþ.


narrowe

From Middle English narwe, from Old English nearu.


neeshte

From early *niskte, itself from southern Middle English nixte, from Old English nīhst.


vourthe

From Middle English fourthe, from Old English fēorþa. Cognate with Scots fourt (“fourth”).

Wee, Vassalès o' 'His Most Gracious Majesty,' Wilyame ee Vourthe,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 1-3:

We, the subjects of his Most Gracious Majesty, William IV.,


aany

From Middle English āni, from Old English ǣniġ (“any”), from Proto-West Germanic *ainag.

Ar aany noor dhing at woode comfoort mee,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 104:

Or any other thing that would comfort me,


aferdth

From Middle English afert, afered, past participle of aferen.


angerth

From Middle English angerd, past participle of Middle English angeren.


arkagh

Borrowed from Irish airceach (“hungry, ravenous”).

bor+

Wode zar; mot, all arkagh var ee barnaugh-blowe,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:

Would serve; but, all eager for the barnagh-stroke,


bedreede

From Middle English bedrede, from Old English beddrida.


blooeden

Blooeden eales.


daaily

From Middle English dayly, from Old English dæġlīċ. Equivalent to die (“day”) + -ly.


dhourk

From Middle English durk, from Old English deorc, from Proto-West Germanic *derk.


earnough

Borrowed from Irish earráideach. The -n- was misspelled.


knaggee

Fade teil thee zo lournagh, co Joane, zo knaggee?

What ails you so melancholy, quoth John, so cross?


mhyne

Chas mhyne weery.


loothee

Derived from Middle English lewthe, from Old English hlēowþ.


wafur

Th’ weithest all curcagh, wafur, an cornee.

You seem all snappish, uneasy, and fretful.


lournagh

Derived from Middle English lorn, (past participle of lese, lesen (“to lose, be deprived of; to damn, doom to perdition”)) and Irish -ach.


zitch

From Middle English swich, from Old English swilċ.

Zitch vaperreen, an shimmereen, fan ee-daff ee aar scoth!

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 84:

Such vapouring and glittering when stript in their shirts!

Zitch blakeen, an blayeen, fan ee ball was ee-drowe!

Such bawling and shouting, when the ball was thrown!

Zitch vezzeen, tarvizzeen, 'tell than w'ne'er zey.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:

Such driving, and struggling, 'till then we ne'er saw.


zouth

From Middle English south, from Old English sūþ.

Zouth wyeene.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 79:


houghany

Possibly from Middle English hough (“heel”) + -an (“diminutive suffix, from Irish -án”) + -y (“adjective suffix”).

Houghany set.


brazon

From Middle English brasen, from Old English bræsen.


butheree

From Middle English *butery; equivalent to buthther + -ee.


curcagh

curk (“to squat”) + -agh (“from Irish -ach”)

suffix

from Irish <i class="Latn mention" lang="ga">-ach</i>


curkite

curk (“to squat”) + -ite (“past participle suffix borrowed from Irish”).


eeth

From Middle English ethe, from Old English īeþe, from Proto-West Germanic *auþī.


egasted

From Middle English agasted, past participle of agasten (“to terrify”).


gooude

From Middle English good, from Old English gōd, from Proto-West Germanic *gōd.

A gooude earnough.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 37:

Hea's a gooude lickeen bye; Shea's a gooude lickeen michel.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 54:

He's a good-looking boy; She's a good-looking girl.

Gooude Vreedie.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 76:

Aar was a gooude puddeen maate o bran.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:

An gooude usquebaugh ee-sarith uth in cooanès.

And good whiskey served out in wooden cans.


halluf

Halluf mond.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


halleef

From Middle English half, from Old English healf, from Proto-West Germanic *halb.


hemust

From Middle English hyndmost, from Old English hindemest, superlative of hindema.


hungherth

From Middle English hungred, past participle of hungren.


hoornta

From Middle English hornd. The unetymological <-a> /-ә/ was inserted to separate consonants.


iree

From Middle English ayry, equivalent to aare + -ee.


koornt

Koornt vleash.


laate

From Middle English late, from Old English læt, from Proto-West Germanic *lat.


lhygt

From Middle English ligt, from Old English lēoht, from Proto-West Germanic *leuht.

Lhygt Wadher.


lethel

From Middle English litel, lettele, from Old English lȳtel, from Proto-West Germanic *lūtil.

Lethel vinger.


liveer

From Middle English liver, comparative form of live (“dear, beloved”).


lhaung

From Middle English long, from Old English lang, from Proto-West Germanic *lang.

Aar was Thieg, an' Joane, an lhaung Jauane,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94:

There was Thadee, and John, and long Joan,

An a priesth o' parieshe on his lhaung-tyel garraane.

And the priest of the parish on his long tail pony.

Wee aar lhaung vlealès an pikkès, to waaite apan a breede.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

With their long flails and picks, to wait upon the bride.

Aar was lhaung kaayle an nettles, ee-mixt wee prasaugh buee,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94:

There was long kale and nettles, mingled with yellow-weed,

Lhaung life to Misteare Reedforth an his vamilee,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 104:

Long life to Mister Radford and his family;

Lhaung mye thye live in prosperitee;

A skudhelès, lhaung roosta, wull glaude leth aam what.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 106:

The knives, that were long rusty, well-pleased let them whet.


naate

From Middle English nete, from Anglo-Norman neit, a variant of Old French net, nette, from Latin nitidus (“gleaming”).


neeghe

nigher (comparative)
neicher (comparative)

From Middle English nighe, from Old English nēah.

Neeghe a heighe thoornes (or thoweares) o' Culpake

1867, OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, page 18:

Hea raan awye del hea caame neeghe Burstheoune.

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 2-3:

He ran away until he came nigh to Bridgetown.


hornta

Hornta beast.


lauthest

Faade ee-happen'd mee lauthest Gooude Vreedie.

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1:


lythea

Lythea dug.


pussough

From Middle English pursyf, from Anglo-Norman porsif, from Old French poussif.

A pussough mydhe; Pussough caake.


raaye

From Middle English rathe (“quickly, quick”), from Old English hraþe (“quickly”), from Proto-West Germanic *hraþō, *hradō (“quickly”), adverb form of *hraþ, *hrad (“quick”).


reeche

From Middle English riche, from Old English rīċe, from Proto-West Germanic *rīkī.


roostha

From Middle English rusty, from Old English rustiġ.


rothed

From Middle English roten, rotten, from Old English rotian (“to rot, become corrupted, ulcerate, putrefy”), from Proto-West Germanic *rotēn.


saaughe

Borrowed from Irish sách (“satisfied”), from Old Irish sáithech, sáthach.

Myne saaughe.

Cambridge University Press
Raymond Hickey


scaul

From Middle English scalled, past participle of Middle English scalden, from Old Northern French escalder (cf. central Old French eschauder, eschalder), from Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”), from Latin ex- (“off, out”) + cal(i)dus (“hot”). Final -t was dropped after long /ɔː/.

der

Scaul hoate.


shaamfasth

From Middle English shamefast, from Old English sċamfæst.


shaaumeless

From Middle English shameles, from Old English sċamlēas.


slendeare

From Middle English sclendre, from Old French esclendre.


smaale

From Middle English smal, from Old English smæl, from Proto-West Germanic *smal.


speale

From Middle English spelen, from Old English spelian. Cognate with English spell (“to rest from work for a time”).


steout

From Middle English stoute, from Old French estout.


sthraught

From Middle English *strāȝed, past participle of strayen.


streigkt

From Middle English streighte, from Old French estreit, from Latin strictus.


tyght

From Middle English tyght, from Old English *þīht.


vartful

Ayenst zim vartful ropeare at a rumcht ouse avar.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:

Against some wanton ranter that has raved (at) us before.


veezer

Fhaade th' veezer.


veree

From Middle English very, from Old French verai, from Early Medieval Latin vērāgus.


vursth

From Middle English furst, first, frist, from Old English fyrest.

Wich ad wough bethther kwingokee or baagchoosee vursth?

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 78:

Whether had we better churn or bake first?

A vursth stroke hea strooke

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 108:


waafur

From Middle English *wafre, *wefre, from Old English wǣfre (“unsteady”).


weate

From Middle English weete, from Old English wǣt.


wefty

Amang wefty jhemes, 'cha jeist ee-rid apan.

Among cobwebby scraps, I have just alighted on.


weery

From Middle English wery, from Old English wēriġ.

Chas mhyne weery.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 56:


welkome

From Middle English welcome, from Old English wilcuma, from Proto-West Germanic *willikumō, equivalent to wel + coome.


wooveless

At ye mye ne'er be wooveless ta vill a lear jock an cooan.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100:

That you may never be unprovided to fill an empty jack and can.


yullou

From Middle English yelow, from Old English ġeolu, from Proto-West Germanic *gelu.


ghou

From Middle English gule, from Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Germanic *gulaz.


vearnee

From Middle English ferny, equivalent to vearne + -ee.

Vearnee-hile.


fearnee

Fearnee Hill.


ryaught

Ryaught hoane.


hoate

Scaul hoate.


biletha

From bilethe (“boiled”). The unetymological <-a> /-ә/ was inserted to separate consonants.

Biletha vleash.


bethther

From Middle English better, from Old English betera, from Proto-West Germanic *batizō.


noardth

Noardth wyeene.


louthee

Lidge w'ouse an a milagh, tis gaay an louthee:

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 84:

Lie with us on the clover, 'tis fair and sheltered:


heegh

F. griende, heegh, neeghe, neen, peepeare.


neeat

An neeat wooden trenshoorès var whiter than snow.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:

And neat wooden trenchers far whiter than snow.


lithel

An a boor lithel breedegroom waithed wonderfullee griefte.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 96:

And the poor dirty bridegroom looked wondrously grieved.


ingsaury

/iːnsɔːˈɾiː/

From ing (“in”) + Middle English sory (“sorry”). Compare also Middle English insorwen (“to be in pain”).

noncog

Ingsaury neileare (pidh?) his niz outh o' harr.


vatherless

From Middle English faderles, from Old English fæderlēas, from Proto-West Germanic *faderlaus.

Neen chickès have hea ee-left vatherless.

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 102:


afear'd

'Cham afear'd ich mosth cress a Shanaan,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 104:


scalte

A scalte croowe coome an taak aam awye,

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 108:


vooted

In durk Ich red virst mee left-vooted shoe."

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 11:

In the dark I happened first on my left-footed shoe."


rotheda

The unetymological <-a> /-ә/ was inserted to separate consonants.

'choo'd drieve aam aul awye to Kie o' Cress Farnogue, an maake aam cry, 'Rotheda Palloake !' "

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 7-8:

I would drive them all away to the quay of Cross Farnogue, and make them cry, 'Rotten Palluck !' "


soumissive

Ye soumissive Spakeen o'ouz Dwelleres o' Baronie Forthe, Weisforthe.

1867, “Prologue”, in CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114:

The humble Address of the Inhabitants of the Barony of Forth, Wexford.


neicher

crave na dicke luckie acte t'uck neicher th' Eccellencie,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 4-5:

beg leave at this favourable opportunity to approach your Excellency,


luckie

From Middle English lukky, equivalent to lhuck + -ie.


ercha

Yn ercha an aul o' while yt beeth wi gleezom o' core th' oure eyen dwytheth apan ye Vigere o'dicke Zouvereine, Wilyame ee Vourthe,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 9-11:

In each and every condition it is with joy of heart that our eyes rest upon the representative of that Sovereign, William IV.,

y'ast, bie ractzom o'honde, ee-delt t'ouz ye laas ee-mate var ercha vassale, ne'er dwythen na dicke waie nar dicka.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 16-18:

you have with impartial hand ministered the laws made for every subject, without regard to this party or that.

w'oul daie an ercha daie, our meines an oure gurles, praie var long an happie zins,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 11-12:

we will daily and every day, our wives and our children, implore long and happy days,


fatherlie

From Middle English faderly, from Old English fæderlīċ, from Proto-West Germanic *faderlīk.

unnere fose fatherlie zwae oure daiez be ee-spant,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 11-12:

under whose paternal rule our days are spent;


poplare

From Middle English populer, from Old French populaire and Latin populāris.

—t'avance pace an livertie, an, wi'oute vlynch, ee garde o' generale reights an poplare vartue.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 19-21:

to promote peace and liberty—the uncompromising guardian of common right and public virtue.


lightzom

ye wake o'hopes ee-blighte, stampe na yer zwae be rare an lightzom.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 2-4:

the consequence of disappointed hopes, confirms your rule to be rare and enlightened.


zetch

Yer name var zetch avancet avare ye, e'en a dicke var hye, arent whilke ye brine o'zea an ye craggès o'noghanes cazed nae balke.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 4-6:

Your fame for such came before you even into this retired spot, to which neither the waters of the sea below nor the mountains above caused any impediment.


parshagh

From Middle English passyf, from Old French passif, from Latin passivus.

Shu ztaared an shu ztudied hi near parshagh moan,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 7:

She stared and she studied by the other passive woman,


slavaak

A big daal a masled, slavaak an a kernt.

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 13:

A big lot were rotten, dirty and half-hatched.


vlaxen

From Middle English flaxen, from Old English fleaxen.

But zit ad hime wi vlaxen wheel,

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 6:


vroste

vrom, vresh, vroste, voote, vrist, vour

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX:


vresh

From Middle English fressh, from Old English fersc, from Proto-West Germanic *frisk.

vrom, vresh, vroste, voote, vrist, vour


haachee

Huck nigher, y'art scudden; fartoo zo haachee?

1927, “A YOLA ZONG”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 128, line 4:

Come nearer; you're shrugging, why so ill-tempered?


halef

halef, calef.


rugh

From Middle English rugh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.


steoute

"steoute and straung,"

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:


dugged

From Middle English dogged (“characteristics similar to that of a dog”).

inh

Dugged Lamport,


leighen

Leighen a-Chiese,


currachy

Currachy Hore

1927, THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD:

obstinate, sticking to conventional currach.


lacheny

Derived from Middle English laghyng + -y.

Lacheny Cheevers


caam

An Brogeen ee-dreut in a well o Caam Stone.

1927, “LAMENT OF A WIDOW”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, line 5:

And 'Brogeen' drowned in the well of Camstone.


yellou

Colours: whit, bhlock, reed, yellou, gry.


keéne

1867, “WEXFORD THREE HUNDRED YEARS AGO”, line 9, in APPENDIX

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


to-killin'

" I am to-killin', "

THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD


to-smotherin'

" I'm to-smotherin', "

Expressing discomfort from short breathing.


to-callin'

" You're to-callin', "


to-wantin'

THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD.


redaughe

reed (“red”) + -aughe (“from Irish -ach”)


scaul hoate

From Middle English scald hoot; equivalent to scaul + hoate.

Scaul hoate.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


to winnooween

Compare to-killin', to-smotherin' and to-callin'.

The condel is to winnooween.


roosthaa

Roostha=a

1987, The Manuscript of Jacob Poole's Glossary of the Dialect of Forth and Bargy: