garraane

An a priesth o' parieshe on his lhaung-tyel garraane.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94:

And the priest of the parish on his long tail pony.


gaubbach

From Middle English cabache, from Anglo-Norman caboche.


garrane

An a priesth o parieshe on his garrane baun,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

The priest of the parish on his white pony,

Ee vrieste o' paryshe on a long-tailed garrane.

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 130:

[The priest of parish on a long-tailed pony.]


geinere

From Middle English joynour, from Old French joigneor.


gentrize

Aar gentrize ware bibbern, aamzil cou no stoane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:

Their gentry were quaking, themselves could not stand.


gazb

From Middle English gaspen, from Old Norse geispa.

Come adh o' mee gazb.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:

Th' ball want a cowlee, the gazb maate all rize;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:

The ball o'er shot the goal, the dust rose all about;


gidhaan

Borrowed from Irish geadán (“bare patch, bottom”).


gandelt

Than stalket, an gandelt, wie o! an gridane.

Then stalked and wondered, with oh! and with grief.


gnafeen

From Middle English gnaȝen (“to gnaw”), from Old English gnagan, from Proto-West Germanic *gnagan. Compare also Middle English gnaffed.

Gnafeen a beanes.


gozp

From Middle English godzibbe, gossippe, from Old English godsibb.


goounees

From Middle English goodnesse, from Old English gōdnes, from Proto-West Germanic *gōdnassī.


gooude

From Middle English good, from Old English gōd, from Proto-West Germanic *gōd.

A gooude earnough.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 37:

Hea's a gooude lickeen bye; Shea's a gooude lickeen michel.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 54:

He's a good-looking boy; She's a good-looking girl.

Gooude Vreedie.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 76:

Aar was a gooude puddeen maate o bran.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:

An gooude usquebaugh ee-sarith uth in cooanès.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94:

And good whiskey served out in wooden cans.


greeleen

From Middle English grelyng, equivalent to gry + -leen (“diminutives suffix”).


grieefeth

From Middle English greven, from Old French grever, from Latin gravō, gravāre.


grenge

From Middle English grange, from Old French grange, from Gallic Vulgar Latin *grānica.


gring

From Middle English gryne, from Old French groign, from Late Latin grunium, grunia.


grieend

From Middle English grynden, from Old English grindan, from Proto-West Germanic *grindan.


grynedaane

From Middle English gryndynge, equivalent to grieend + -een.


greash

From Middle English grace, from Old French grace, from Latin grātia. Cognate with Scots grece.

Greash an' goouness.


harnothes

From hog + Middle English note (“nut”). Cognate with English hognut.


halluf

Halluf mond.


haddokès

From Middle English had (“head”) + -ok (“diminutive suffix”).

Little heads, imperfectly thrashed heads of corn, left after winnowing.


hatcheat

From Middle English hachet, from Old French hachete.


haail

Haail Maree!


halleef

From Middle English half, from Old English healf, from Proto-West Germanic *halb.


harpleat

From Middle English harplen (“to hobble”) + -eat (“-et”), literally little hobbler. Compare also laupeen (“plover”).


hamaron

From Middle English hameron, equivalent to hamas + -ron.

Doost thou know fidi is a hamaron?


harrm

From Middle English harm, from Old English hearm, from Proto-West Germanic *harm.


heaaven

From Middle English heaven, heoven, from Old English heofon, from Proto-West Germanic *hebun.


hawlse

Probably by metathesis of Middle English hasel; compare dialectal English halse (“hazel”).


hawlse

From Middle English halsen (“to beseech”), from Old English hālsian, from Proto-West Germanic *hailisōn, *hailasōn, from Proto-Germanic *hailisōną (“to greet”). Compare dialectal English halse (“to beseech”).


hearthilee

Ye be welcome, hearthilee welcome, mee joees,

You are welcome, heartily welcome, my joys,


heiftem

Th' heiftem o' pley vell all ing to lug;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:

The weight of the play fell into the hollow;


hemust

From Middle English hyndmost, from Old English hindemest, superlative of hindema.


henteen

hent (“to hold”) + -een (“ing”). Compare English holding (“tenure, farm”).


hereen

From Middle English hēring, from Old English hǣring, from Proto-West Germanic *hāring.


heouse

From Middle English hous, from Old English hūs, from Proto-West Germanic *hūs.


hoane

From Middle English hond, from Old English hand, from Proto-West Germanic *handu.

Ryaught hoane.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 46:

Reicht hoane.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 64:

Yerstey w'had a baree, gist ing oor hoane,

Yesterday we had a goal just in our hand.

Y'oure w' thee crookeen, an yie mee thee hoane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 13, page 90:

Give over your crossness, and give me your hand.

Outh o'mee hoane ch'ull no part wi' Wathere.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:

Out of my hand I'll not part with Walter.


hungherth

From Middle English hungred, past participle of hungren.


hoornta

From Middle English hornd. The unetymological <-a> /-ә/ was inserted to separate consonants.


hulmogee

/hʊɫmɔːˈɡiː/

Derived from English holm oak + -ee (“suffix to form noun”).


iree

From Middle English ayry, equivalent to aare + -ee.


jhemes

Reed jhemes.

Amang wefty jhemes, 'cha jeist ee-rid apan.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:

Among cobwebby scraps, I have just alighted on.


Jockeen

From Middle English Jackin, Jankin, a popular pet form of Jone.

a male given name, equivalent to English Jacky


jooudge

From Middle English juge, from Old French juge, from Latin iūdex, iūdicem.


ieen

From Middle English eien, plural of eie, from Old English ēage, from Proto-West Germanic *augā.


kearnt

Cognate with English kerned (“projected”).


kaayle

From Middle English kal, variant of col, from Old English cawel, borrowed from Latin caulis.

Aar was lhaung kaayle an nettles, ee-mixt wee prasaugh buee,

There was long kale and nettles, mingled with yellow-weed,


kerchure

/kiːˈt͡ʃuːɾ/

From Middle English kercher, from Old French couvrechief.


kimleare

kimmel (“to benumb”) + -eare (agentive suffix)


kaudès

From Middle English kat, katte, from Old English catt, from Proto-West Germanic *kattu.


kishe

Borrowed from Irish cis, ceis (“basket, hamper”).


khimed

From Middle English kemben, from Old English cemban, from Proto-West Germanic *kambijan.


keowe

From Middle English scove. Initial s- was lost before /kuː/, compare cowdealeen (“scolding”).


kimmelt

From Middle English comeled, past participle of comelen, comblen (“to benumb”), from Old French combler, from Latin cumulō.


koaver

From Middle English cofre, from Old French cofre, coffre, from Latin cophinus.


koornt

Koornt vleash.


knouth

head

knouth (third-person singular simple present nouth, simple past knew)

nouth (present singular third-person)
knew (past)

From Middle English knowen, from Old English cnāwan, from Proto-West Germanic *knāan. Quotation should be analyzed as knou /nuː/ + Irish th /h/ + em /iːm/. This misspelling shows that these Yola speakers were often acquainted with Irish.

Ich knouth em.


kotch

From Middle English cacchen. Cognate with English cotch.

Mot earch oan to aar die. Ich mosth kotch a bat.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 106:

But every one to his day. I must catch the bat.


laace

From Middle English lace, lase, from Old French las. Cognate with Scots lese.


laane

From Middle English lane, from Old English lanu, from Proto-West Germanic *lanu.


laaye

From Middle English leyen, from Old English leċġan, from Proto-West Germanic *laggjan.


laate

From Middle English late, from Old English læt, from Proto-West Germanic *lat.


lacheate

From Middle English lachet, from Old French lachet.


laupeen

laupe (“to leap”) + -een (“diminutive suffix, borrowed from Irish -ín”), literally little leaper. Compare also harpleat (“sniper”).

suffix

diminutive suffix, borrowed from Irish <i class="Latn mention" lang="ga">-ín</i>

The green plover, leaping or running bird.


lhaungher

From early Middle English lengeren (“to lengthen, extend, stretch”). Equivalent to lhaung + -er (“frequentative verb suffix”).


leiough

Leiough ut ee die.


lemethès

From Middle English leme + -eth (“-et”). Compare West English libbets (limbets).

A laafe ing lemethès chote wel ta ba zang,

A leaf in tatters, I know well to be sung,


leveen

From Middle English leven, from Old French levain, from Latin levāmen.


lauckeen

An aar was a hundereth lauckeen vowre score.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94:

And there was a hundred, lacking four score;


lhoan

From Middle English lond, from Old English land, from Proto-West Germanic *land.

Bloomer's Lhoan

GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY


lhose

From Middle English lās, lasse, from Old English lǣs.


leeigh

head

leeigh (present participle leeigheen or leigheen or leighen)

leeigheen (participle present)
leigheen (participle present)
leighen (participle present)

From Middle English leighȝen, from Old English hlæhhan, from Proto-West Germanic *hlahhjan.

At skelpearès an slaugheardhès mye leeigh aar oer vill.

That the piglings and pigs may laugh their overfill.


lhowsaane

From Middle English losynge, equivalent to lhowse + -een. Cognate with English loosing.


lickeen

From Middle English lukynge, equivalent to looke + -een.

looking, or looks in face, or appearance.


lhygt

From Middle English ligt, from Old English lēoht, from Proto-West Germanic *leuht.

Lhygt Wadher.


lhygt

Mizluck mye lhygt on Tam Busheare;

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 104:


lethel

From Middle English litel, lettele, from Old English lȳtel, from Proto-West Germanic *lūtil.

Lethel vinger.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


liveer

From Middle English liver, comparative form of live (“dear, beloved”).


lhaung

From Middle English long, from Old English lang, from Proto-West Germanic *lang.

Aar was Thieg, an' Joane, an lhaung Jauane,

There was Thadee, and John, and long Joan,

An a priesth o' parieshe on his lhaung-tyel garraane.

And the priest of the parish on his long tail pony.

Wee aar lhaung vlealès an pikkès, to waaite apan a breede.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

With their long flails and picks, to wait upon the bride.

Lhaung life to Misteare Reedforth an his vamilee,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 104:

Long life to Mister Radford and his family;

Lhaung mye thye live in prosperitee;

A skudhelès, lhaung roosta, wull glaude leth aam what.

The knives, that were long rusty, well-pleased let them whet.


lownnick

lone (“land”) + -ick (“diminutive suffix”). Literally, little land.


lotherwite

From Middle English lother (“more unpleasant”) + Middle English wite (“punishment”).

inh

Various kinds of heriots paid by the tenants to the lord.


luggès

From Middle English lugge (“pole, stick, staff”).

Craneen t' thee wee aam, thee luggès shell aake.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:

Choking to thee with them. Thy ears shall ache.


luther

From earlier /lɛˈðiː/, from Middle English lether, from Old English leþer, from Proto-West Germanic *leþr, from Proto-Germanic *leþrą. Cognate with English leather (verb).

A plaauge apan Portheare! Hea'de luther me waal,

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 106:

A plague upon Porter, he'd hide me well,


Marteen

a male given name, equivalent to English Martin


maarl

From Middle English marle, from Old French marle, from Late Latin margila.


maleet

From Middle English mallet, from Old French maillet, maillot.


marreet

Hea marreet dear Phielim to his sweet Jauane.

He married dear Phelim to his sweet Joan.


Margraate

From Middle English Margaret, from Old French Margaret, from Latin Margarita.

a female given name, equivalent to English Margaret


Malcheen

From *Malde (“Matilda”) + -kin (“diminutive suffix”), cognate with English malkin.

suffix

a female given name, equivalent to English Maudie


marrough

From Middle English marouȝ, from Old English mearg, from Proto-West Germanic *maʀg.


mault

From Middle English malt, from Old English mealt, from Proto-West Germanic *malt.


maake

head

maake (third-person singular maakes, simple past maate, past participle ee-maate)

maakes (singular third-person)
maate (past)
ee-maate (participle past)

From Middle English maken, from Old English makian, from Proto-West Germanic *makōn. Cognate with Scots meakke.

Maake wye.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 55:

To maake a quingokee.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 50:

To fho shall ich maake mee redress?

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 102:

"Murreen leam, kish am." Ich aam goan maake mee will.

To my grief, I am a big old sow. I am going to make my will,

To maake a kuingokee.

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 108:


Milchare

a male given name, equivalent to English Mitchell


mydhen

From Middle English mayden, from Old English mæġden, from Proto-West Germanic *magadīn.


mistern

From Middle English misten, from Old English mistian. Cognate with English misting.

Our eein wode b' mistern t' dearnt up ee skee.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:

Our eyes would be dazzled to look up to the sky.


mizleare

Derived from Middle English misleren (“to misteach”), from Old English mislǣran.


mithel

From Middle English middel, medil, from Old English middel.


moodher

From Middle English moder, mother, from Old English mōdor.


mothee

Derived from Middle English mote (“mound, hill”) + -ee (“diminutive suffix”)


moulteen

More trolleen, an yalpeen, an moulteen away.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 8, page 86:

More rolling and spewing, and pining away.


mycheare

From Middle English mycher; equivalent to myche + -eare.


Naneen

a female given name, equivalent to English Nanny


multh

From Middle English multe (“be tender, grow compassionate”), from Old English meltan, from Proto-West Germanic *meltan.


multh

Na speen to be multh, nar flaase to be shaure.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:

no teat to be milked, nor fleece to be shorn.


naate

From Middle English nete, from Anglo-Norman neit, a variant of Old French net, nette, from Latin nitidus (“gleaming”).


nizterels

From Middle English nesethirl, from Old English næsþȳrel.


neow

From Middle English nou, from Old English nū, from Proto-West Germanic *nū.


noucht

From Middle English nought, from Old English nāwiht, from Proto-West Germanic *naiwwiht.


noughel

From Middle English knokel, from Old English cnucel, from Proto-West Germanic *knukil.


neeght

From Middle English nyghte, from Old English niht, from Proto-West Germanic *naht.


oananooree

/ɔːnənuːˈɾiː/


palske

Metathesis of earlier *paskel, from Middle English wastel (“a kind of fine white bread or cake”).

A kind of cake, usually made for weddings.


neeghe

nigher (comparative)
neicher (comparative)

From Middle English nighe, from Old English nēah.

Neeghe a heighe thoornes (or thoweares) o' Culpake

1867, OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, page 18:

Hea raan awye del hea caame neeghe Burstheoune.

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 2-3:

He ran away until he came nigh to Bridgetown.


pappee

Derived from Middle English pap, from Old French papa and Medieval Latin papo.


oathès

From Middle English ote (“oat”), from Old English āte, from Proto-West Germanic *aitā.


oathès

From Middle English oth (“oath”), from Old English āþ, from Proto-West Germanic *aiþ.


parboles

From Middle English parable, from Old French parable, parabole, from Late Latin parabola.


parcheka

Borrowed from Irish piocthacht (“neatness, spruceness”).


paay

head

paay (simple past paait, past participle ee-pait)

From Middle English payen, from Old French paiier, from Latin pācāre.

A near a haapney to paay a peepeare.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:


peepeare

From Middle English piper, from Old English pīpere.

A near a haapney to paay a peepeare.

A peepeare struck ap; wough dansth aul in a ring;

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 96:

The piper struck up, we danced all in a ring,


kaake

Thou ne'er eighthest buskès, whit palskès, breede-kaake.

Thou never eatedst spiced bread, white palskes, (or) bride-cake.


hornta

Hornta beast.


haoleghey

From Middle English hole (“whole”) + Middle English geyfe, gẹ̄ve, gave (“to give, gave”). Literally, to give out meat and oil before Ash Wednesday.


keeine

From Middle English kyne, from Middle English kie, from Old English cȳ.


keilt

Hi kinket an keilt, ee vewe aam 'twode snite.

They kicked and rolled, the few that appeared.


lauthest

Faade ee-happen'd mee lauthest Gooude Vreedie.

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1:


leigheen

Jaane got leigheen; shoo pleast aam all, fowe?

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:

Joan set them a laughing, she pleased them all, how?


lythea

Lythea dug.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


milagh

Lidge w'ouse an a milagh, tis gaay an louthee:

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 84:

Lie with us on the clover, 'tis fair and sheltered:


muzleare

Yith Muzleare had ba hole, t'was mee Tommeen,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:

If Good-for-little had been buried, it had been my Tommy,


nypore

From Middle English neypur, from Old English nēahġebūr, from Proto-West Germanic *nāhwagabūrō.


peadher

From Middle English peutre, from Old French peautre, from Vulgar Latin *peltrum (“pewter”).


pilleen

pillion, cloth stuffed as a saddle, and fastened on the horse with a surcingle.


pitheye

From Middle English pite, petie, from Old French pité, from Latin pietas, pietatem.


poage

Zoo wough aul vell a-danceen; earch bye gae a poage

So we all fell a-dancing; each boy gave a kiss


plathearès

From Middle English plater, from Anglo-Norman plater.

Raree met in plathearès, ee-zet in a rooe,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:

There was choice meat in platters, set in a row,


poake

From Middle English poke, from Anglo-Norman poke.

Dhicka poake.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 34:


polm

From Middle English palme, from Old English palm, palma, from Latin palma.


poumgaam

From Middle English pewlynge (“crying plaintively”). The -l- was assimilated by final -m, -n.


Potteran

From Middle English Potter. The genitive suffix -an was inherited from Old English.

Potteran Hullès.


porther

From Middle English porter, from Anglo-Norman porter, portour, from Late Latin portātor, portātōrem.


poustee

From Middle English pouste, from Anglo-Norman pousté and Old French posté, poesté, from Latin potestās, potestāt-.

T' brek up ee bathès h' had na poustee;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:

To break up the goal they had not power;


pulmere

From Middle English poll (“stake”) + mere (“boundary”).

A division of a field held in strips between different occupiers.


pussough

From Middle English pursyf, from Anglo-Norman porsif, from Old French poussif.

A pussough mydhe; Pussough caake.


rasth

From Middle English raste, from Old English ræst, from Proto-West Germanic *rastu.

rest from labour, also the rest or remainder


raaye

From Middle English rathe (“quickly, quick”), from Old English hraþe (“quickly”), from Proto-West Germanic *hraþō, *hradō (“quickly”), adverb form of *hraþ, *hrad (“quick”).


reeche

From Middle English riche, from Old English rīċe, from Proto-West Germanic *rīkī.


reeches

/ɾiːˈt͡ʃiːz/


readeare

From Middle English redere, from Old English rǣdere, from Proto-West Germanic *rādāri; equivalent to reade + -eare.


Baak

A moan vrim a Bearlough an anoor vrim a Baak,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 1:

A woman from the Bearlough and another from the Beak,

A well-known townland near Kilmore Quay.


reeshp

From Middle English rispen, compare rasp.


reoue

From Middle English rewe, from Old English rāw.


returnth

From Middle English returnen, from Anglo-Norman returner.

Zoo wough aul returnth hime, contented an gaay,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 96:

So we all returned home, contented and gay,


risheen

An afternoon luncheon, a snack in the evening.


robunkshough

/ɾɔːbʊŋkˈʃɔːɡ/

A nasal form from Middle English robuck (“roe deer”) and Middle English schough (“forest”). Compare also kink (“to kick”).


zhiprocke

From Middle English shipwrak, from Old English sċipwræc (“jetsam”), equivalent to zhip + rocke.


roostha

From Middle English rusty, from Old English rustiġ.


Rubbeen

a male given name, equivalent to English Robin


ropeare

Possibly from Middle English robbere (“robber”), from Old French robeor.

Ayenst zim vartful ropeare at a rumcht ouse avar.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:

Against some wanton ranter that has raved (at) us before.


saalvache

Go gaame abuth Forth, thou unket saalvache.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:

Go, make game about Forth, thou uncouth sloven.


rothed

From Middle English roten, rotten, from Old English rotian (“to rot, become corrupted, ulcerate, putrefy”), from Proto-West Germanic *rotēn.


scholleare

From Middle English scholer, from Old English scōlere, from Late Latin scholāris.


shaade

From Middle English schade, from Old English sċeadu, from Proto-West Germanic *skadu.


saaughe

Borrowed from Irish sách (“satisfied”), from Old Irish sáithech, sáthach.

Myne saaughe.

Cambridge University Press
Raymond Hickey


scaul

From Middle English scalled, past participle of Middle English scalden, from Old Northern French escalder (cf. central Old French eschauder, eschalder), from Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”), from Latin ex- (“off, out”) + cal(i)dus (“hot”). Final -t was dropped after long /ɔː/.

der

Scaul hoate.


shaadh

From Middle English shede, from Old English sċēaþ, from Proto-West Germanic *skaiþiju.


rooze

From Middle English rousen, from Anglo-Norman reuser, ruser.


scuddeen

Huck nigher; y'art scuddeen; fartoo zo hachee?

Come nearer; you're rubbing your back; why so ill tempered?


shaamfasth

From Middle English shamefast, from Old English sċamfæst.


shaaumeless

From Middle English shameles, from Old English sċamlēas.


Shaneen

Heve a dishen an trenshoorès awye, Shaneen;

Heave the dishes and the trenchers away, little John;


shaure

Na speen to be multh, nar flaase to be shaure.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:

no teat to be milked, nor fleece to be shorn.


sheakeare

Borrowed from Irish seangaire (“thin person”).


sheare

From Middle English schere, from Old English scēar, scēr.


shilleen

From Middle English schilling, from Old English scilling.

A heeve o' been, an dwanty shilleen.

1867, “THE BRIDE'S PORTION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 102:


sheck

Borrowed from Irish sioc (“frost”), from Middle Irish sicc.


shederow

From Middle English schiterow, from schite (“diarrhoea”) or schiten (“to defecate”) and an unknown second element (possibly Old English *hrāga, a dissimilatory form of hrāgra (“heron”)).


sheardhe

From Middle English scherd, from Old English sċeard.

Venie shearde.


shrude

From Middle English schroud, from Old English sċrūd.


shor

From Middle English share, from Old English scear (“plowshare”).


shullereen

/ˌʃʊləˈɾiːn/

From Middle English schulderyng, equivalent to shuller + -een.

Than caame ee shullereen, ee teap an corkite;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 8, page 86:

Then came the shouldering, tossing, and tumbling;


shoorth

From early Middle English scurte, from Old English sċyrte, from Proto-West Germanic *skurtijā.


shuller

From Middle English schuldre, from Old English sċuldra, from Proto-West Germanic *skuldru.


skaulès

From Middle English scale, from Old French escale.


sippeare

Borrowed from Irish suipéar, from Middle Irish suipér, from Anglo-Norman soper.


skleat

From Middle English sclate, from Old French esclate.


skunnaan

Borrowed from Irish scailleagán. The -ll- was assimilated by final -n.


skelpearès

Cognate with English skelper (“whopper”).

At skelpearès an slaugheardhès mye leeigh aar oer vill.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 106:

That the piglings and pigs may laugh their overfill.


slendeare

From Middle English sclendre, from Old French esclendre.


skudhelès

Compare West English scottle (“to shear, cut off.”)

A skudhelès, lhaung roosta, wull glaude leth aam what.

The knives, that were long rusty, well-pleased let them whet.


slouveen

From Middle English sloven, from Middle Flemish sloovin (“a scold”).


slouk

From Middle English slugge, from Old Norse slókr.


smockeen

From Middle English smokynge, equivalent to smock + -een.


smaale

From Middle English smal, from Old English smæl, from Proto-West Germanic *smal.


slougherdhès

Derived from Irish slogaire (“swallower”), equivalent to slug (“to eat greedily”) + -er.


smolke

A diminutive from smote (“heavy stroke”).


sneow

From Middle English snow, from Old English snāw, from Proto-West Germanic *snaiw.

Aar's a dole o' sneow apa greound to-die.

1867, “BIT OF DIALOGUE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 111:

There is a deal of snow upon the ground to-day.


sneesheen

Borrowed from Irish snaoisín. Cognate with Scots sneeshin.


spaade

From Middle English spade, from Old English spadu.


speale

From Middle English spelen, from Old English spelian. Cognate with English spell (“to rest from work for a time”).


spourr

From Middle English spourre, from Old English spora.


steout

From Middle English stoute, from Old French estout.


starth

From Middle English starten, from Old English styrtan, from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan.


spraay

From Middle English spray, from Old English *spræg, sprei (found in place names such as that of Spreyton, England), of unknown origin.


sthall

From Middle English stale, from Anglo-Norman estal (“urine”).


stharm

From Middle English starme, from Old English storm, from Proto-West Germanic *sturm.


stheeves

From Middle English staf, from Old English stæf, from Proto-West Germanic *stab.


sthiers

From Middle English steire, from Old English stǣġer, from Proto-West Germanic *staigri.


sthit

From Middle English stud, from Old English stōd.

Pa sthit.


sthole

From Middle English stale, from Old English steall, from Proto-West Germanic *stall.


sthill

From Middle English stile, stell, from Old English stela, steola.


sthoane

head

sthoane (third-person singular stondeth)

From Middle English stonden, from Old English standan, from Proto-West Germanic *standan.


sthoan

From Middle English ston, from Old English stān, from Proto-West Germanic *stain.


sthoan

F. broan, eeloan, hoan, loan, sthoan, sthroan.

E. brand, island, hand, land, stand, strand.

Alternative form of sthoane (“to stand”)


stoane

Aamezil cou no stoane.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 32:


sthraught

From Middle English *strāȝed, past participle of strayen.


sthroane

From Middle English stronde, from Old English strand.


stheel

From Middle English stele, from Old English stīele, from Proto-West Germanic *stahlī.


stouck

From Middle English stok, from Old English stocc, from Proto-West Germanic *stokk. Cognate with English stock (“one who has little sense”).


straayd

From Middle English strayen, from Old French estraier.


straayart

Mye thee friend ne're waant welcome, nor straayart comfoort.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100:

May thy friend ne'er want welcome, nor the stranger comfort.


streu

From Middle English striven, from Old French estriver.


streigkt

From Middle English streighte, from Old French estreit, from Latin strictus.


stuckeen

From Middle English stokkynge, equivalent to stouck + -een.


surchte

From Middle English serche, from Old French cerche.


stuggoone

Borrowed from Irish stagún (“a lazy fellow”).

bor+

Adee! well zide, stuggoone, an thee raste o' graabache.

Ha! well said, (with thy) bad bread, and thy rest of garbage.


taaste

From Middle English taste, from Old French tast.


taape

From Middle English tape, from Old English tæppa.


taape

An awi gome her egges wi a wheel an car taape,

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

And away went her eggs, with the car overset.


taale

From Middle English tale, from Old English talu, from Proto-West Germanic *talu.


tellgence

/tɛɫˈd͡ʒɛns/

From Middle English intelligence, from Old French intelligence, from Latin intellegentia, intelligentia.


teoune

From Middle English toun, from Old English tūn, from Proto-West Germanic *tūn.


thaare

Thaare was yola Jem Mahony, a noted pipere,

There was old Jem Mahony, a noted piper,


teap

to tip, toss, overturn, tumble one another about.


tharvizeen

scolding, contending, tormenting, struggling


theene

Theene a dher.


thaugkt

From Middle English thought, from Old English þōht.


thif

From Middle English syflen, from Old French sifler.


Thieg

Aar was Thieg, an' Joane, an lhaung Jauane,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94:

There was Thadee, and John, and long Joan,

a male given name, equivalent to English Teague


thoome

From Middle English thombe, from Old English þūma, from Proto-West Germanic *þūmō.


Thommeen

a male given name, equivalent to English Tommy


thorelucke

From Middle English thurel (“hole”) + -uck (“diminutive suffix”).


threesh

From Middle English trace, from Old French trace.


thraame

Gooude var nat oan dhing, niether treesh ar thraame;

Good for not one thing; neither for the trace, nor the car.


threeve

From Middle English thryven, from Old Norse þrífa, from Proto-Germanic *þrībaną.

Mee piggès, mee geearthès, nor nodhing threeve,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 104:


Thorsdei

From Middle English Thoresday. Cognate with Scots Forsday.


trameal

From Middle English tramel, from Anglo-Norman tramel. Literally a person who is as slow as the hopper of a mill.


toowards

From Middle English towardes, from Old English tōweardes, tōwærdes.


tolth

From Middle English tolde, talde, from Old English tealde.


toweare

From Middle English towere, from Old English torr, from Latin turris.


treshpass

From Middle English trespas, from Old French trespas.


trugh

From Middle English thrugh, throgh, from Old English þurh, þorh. Compare W.E. drough.


trenshoorès

From Middle English trenschoure, from Anglo-Norman trenchour.

An neeat wooden trenshoorès var whiter than snow.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:

And neat wooden trenchers far whiter than snow.


twish

Twish thee an Tommeen, an ee emothee knaghane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 13, page 90:

Betwixt you and Tommy and the pismire-hill.


t'year

From Middle English toyere, from Old English tō gēare.


tyshe

From Middle English tesen, from Old English tǣsan, from Proto-West Germanic *taisijan.


Shad

Thaay paaced awi up to tha Cross o Shad

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 3:

They paced away up to the Cross of the Shad,


Tusedei

From Middle English Tewesday, from Old English tiwesdæġ, from Proto-West Germanic *Tīwas dag.


tyght

From Middle English tyght, from Old English *þīht.


udho

From Middle English out o, equivalent to udh + o.


understhoane

From Middle English understanden, from Old English understandan, from Proto-West Germanic *understandan.


udh

From Middle English oute, from Old English ūt.

Udh o' harr.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:

He zide hea'de help mee udh o' hoan

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 104:

A bothom vele udh.

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 108:

Hea took up a lounnick, an knockt udh aar bryne.

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 108:

He took up the churn-dash and knock'd out their brain.


vaapereen

/vɔːpəˈɾiːn/

From Middle English vapourynge; Equivalent to vaaper + -een.


vaaper

From Middle English vapour, from Anglo-Norman vapour, from Latin vapor.


sowere

Mee gude sowere,

1927, “LAMENT OF A WIDOW”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 130, line 7:


vallert

From Middle English value, compare W.E. vallee. Unetymological -t was added to distinguish it from valler (“more”).


vargee

From Middle English forgiven, from Old English forġiefan.


vamilee

From Late Middle English famylye, from Latin familia (“a household”).

Lhaung life to Misteare Reedforth an his vamilee,

Long life to Mister Radford and his family;


vartful

Ayenst zim vartful ropeare at a rumcht ouse avar.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:

Against some wanton ranter that has raved (at) us before.


varreet

From Middle English foryeten, from Old English forġietan, from Proto-West Germanic *fragetan.


varreen

A wuf is pa varreen.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 78:


vearne

From Middle English fern, from Old English fearn, from Proto-West Germanic *farn.


veezer

Fhaade th' veezer.


veree

From Middle English very, from Old French verai, from Early Medieval Latin vērāgus.


vezeeen

fizzing, struggling, contending, driving or striking a ball hard


veseal

From Middle English vessel, from Old French vaissel, vessel, from Latin vāscellum.


vethers

From Middle English veþer, from Old English feþer, from Proto-West Germanic *feþru.

Ich zide [a] vethers o' mee cuck,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:


vleal

From Middle English fleyl, from Old English fligel.


villent

From Middle English vilein, from Old French vilein, from Late Latin villanus. Unetymological -t was added to suppress -llen, compare dellen, delleen.


vlock

From Middle English flok, from Old English flocc.


vleash

From Middle English fleesh, flesh, from Old English flǣsċ, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski.

Biletha vleash.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 75:

Koornt vleash.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 51:


vlee

From Middle English flien, from Old English flēogan, from Proto-West Germanic *fleugan.

Th' commanès t'rapple; th' ball skir an vlee;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:

The ball-clubs they rattled; the ball rose and flew;


vorty

From Middle English fourty, from Old English fēowertiġ.


vorreat

From Middle English forhed, from Old English fōrehēafod, foranhēafod.


voote

From Middle English fot, from Old English fōt, from Proto-West Germanic *fōt.


a voorneen

Borrowed from Irish a mhuirnín (“my darling”, literally “O darling (vocative)”).

Drink a heall to a breede. "Shud with, a voorneen."

Drink a health to the bride, "Here's to you, my dear."


voure

F. oan, twye, dhree, voure, veeve.


vrosth

From Middle English frost, from Old English frost.


vursth

From Middle English furst, first, frist, from Old English fyrest.

Wich ad wough bethther kwingokee or baagchoosee vursth?

Whether had we better churn or bake first?

A vursth stroke hea strooke


Vreedie

From Middle English Friday, from Old English frīġedæġ, from Proto-West Germanic *Frījā dag.

Gooude Vreedie.


waaight

From Middle English weighte, from Old English wiht, from Proto-West Germanic *wihti.


w'had

Yerstey w'had a baree, gist ing oor hoane,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:

Yesterday we had a goal just in our hand.

Yith w'had any lhuck, oor naame wode b' zung,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 86:

If we had any luck, our name would have been sung


waaite

Wee aar lhaung vlealès an pikkès, to waaite apan a breede.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

With their long flails and picks, to wait upon the bride.


waafur

From Middle English *wafre, *wefre, from Old English wǣfre (“unsteady”).


waal

From Middle English wal, wulle, well, from Old English wel.

A plaauge apan Portheare! Hea'de luther me waal,

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 106:

A plague upon Porter, he'd hide me well,


weate

From Middle English weete, from Old English wǣt.


wauste

From Middle English waast, from Anglo-Norman wast.


Wathere

From Middle English Walter, from Old Northern French Waltier.

Outh o'mee hoane ch'ull no part wi' Wathere.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:

Out of my hand I'll not part with Walter.

a male given name, equivalent to English Walter


wauscoat

*waust (“waist”) + cooat. Cognate with English waistcoat.


weend

From Middle English wynd, from Old English wind, from Proto-West Germanic *wind.


wefty

Amang wefty jhemes, 'cha jeist ee-rid apan.

Among cobwebby scraps, I have just alighted on.


weveare

From Middle English wevere, from Old English *wefere.


weery

From Middle English wery, from Old English wēriġ.

Chas mhyne weery.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 56:


whauteen

From Middle English whwtynge (“noise”), from Middle English whọ̄ten.


whithel

From Middle English whytel, from Old English hwītel.

Mucha whithel.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


welkome

From Middle English welcome, from Old English wilcuma, from Proto-West Germanic *willikumō, equivalent to wel + coome.


Wennesdei

From Middle English Wednesday, from Old English wōdnesdæġ, from Proto-West Germanic *Wōdanas dag.


weithe

head

weithe (second-person singular simple present weithest)

weithest (present second-person singular)


winnooween

From Middle English wyndouynge (“swirling, scattering”).

inh

The condel is to winnooween.


wiethe

head

wiethe (second-person singular simple present wiethest, present participle wietheen or wytheen, simple past wiethed)

wiethest (present second-person singular)
wietheen (participle present)
wytheen (participle present)
wiethed (past)

From Middle English waiten (“to look at, behold”), from Anglo-Norman waiter.


woork

From Middle English work, from Old English weorc, from Proto-West Germanic *werk.


woorkt

From Middle English werken, from Old English wyrċan, from Proto-West Germanic *wurkijan.


wrasth

From Middle English wreste, from Old English wrist.


wooveless

At ye mye ne'er be wooveless ta vill a lear jock an cooan.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100:

That you may never be unprovided to fill an empty jack and can.


wullow

From Middle English walwen, from Old English wealwian, from Proto-West Germanic *walwijan.


wurgheere

Derived from Irish bhoilg (“bellows”) + -ee. Compare also fadere / f'ad.


wyddeer

From Middle English firre (“furze”) + -ee.


wyeene

Noardth wyeene; Zouth wyeene; Westan wyeene.


Wyllhaume

a male given name, equivalent to English William


yalpeen

More trolleen, an yalpeen, an moulteen away.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 8, page 86:

More rolling and spewing, and pining away.


yarthe

How yarthe to-die, mee joee?


wytheen

A gaay wytheen midhe.


y'oure

Y'oure w' thee crookeen, an yie mee thee hoane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 13, page 90:

Give over your crossness, and give me your hand.


yith

From Middle English yif, from Old English ġif.

Yith Muzleare had ba hole, t'was mee Tommeen,

If Good-for-little had been buried, it had been my Tommy,


yullou

From Middle English yelow, from Old English ġeolu, from Proto-West Germanic *gelu.


Zailee

a female given name, equivalent to English Sally


zarve

head

zarve (simple past zarth or saareth, past participle ee-sarith)

zarth (past)
saareth (past)
ee-sarith (participle past)

From Middle English sarven, from Old French servir, from Latin serviō.


Zathardei

From Middle English Saterday, from Old English sæternesdæg, from Proto-West Germanic *Sāturnas dag.


zey

zey (present participle zien, simple past zide or zaid)

zien (participle present)
zide (past)
zaid (past)

From Middle English seien, from Old English seċġan, from Proto-West Germanic *saggjan.

Th' cowlee-man, fausteen, zey well 'twas ee-naate.

The goal-keeper, trembling, said well 'twas intended them.


zey

Zitch vezzeen, tarvizzeen, 'tell than w'ne'er zey.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:

Such driving, and struggling, 'till then we ne'er saw.


Zimoon

From Middle English Simon, from Ancient Greek Σίμων (Símōn).

a male given name, equivalent to English Simon


zhip

From Middle English schip, from Old English scip, from Proto-West Germanic *skip.


zippeen

Ich woode be pitcht ee kurkeen, ar zippeen, to a coolaan.

I would be poked into the mow or the stack up to the back of my head.


Zindei

From Middle English Sonday, from Old English sunnandæg, from Proto-West Germanic *sunnōn dag.


beasthes

Mulke a beasthes.


bathès

T' brek up ee bathès h' had na poustee;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:

To break up the goal they had not power;


blayeen

Zitch blakeen, an blayeen, fan ee ball was ee-drowe!

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 84:

Such bawling and shouting, when the ball was thrown!


brailès

Dhree brailès o' beanès, an a keow at was yole,

1867, “THE BRIDE'S PORTION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 102:

Three barrels of beans, and a cow that was old,


buskès

Thou ne'er eighthest buskès, whit palskès, breede-kaake.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:

Thou never eatedst spiced bread, white palskes, (or) bride-cake.


carolès

From Middle English carole, from Old French carole.


caulès

Dinna fare a caulès.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 39:

Caulès will na get to wullaw to-die.

1867, “BIT OF DIALOGUE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 111:

Na oure gladès ana whilke we dellt wi' mattoke, an zing t'oure caulès wi plou,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 6-8:

In our valleys where we were digging with the spade, or as we whistled to our horses in the plough,


craueet

From Middle English crawen + -ite (“past participle suffix borrowed from Irish”).

The danger of choking for want of a drink in eating.


drowe

drowe (simple past drowe, past participle ee-drowe)

From Middle English throwen, thrawen, from Old English þrāwan, from Proto-West Germanic *þrāan.


drowe

From Middle English threw, from Old English þrēow, from Proto-West Germanic *þrē.

Ich drowe ham.


kinket

Hi kinket an keilt, ee vewe aam 'twode snite.

They kicked and rolled, the few that appeared.


leeesth

Thou leeesth if thou wasth Saan Vinteen, an Saan Vinteen agyne.

Thou liest if thou wast St. Finton, and St. Finton again.

second-person singular present indicative of lee


lhuskès

Wourlok'd an anooree, lick lhuskès o' sheep.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:

Tumbled on one-another, like flocks of sheep.


met-borde

[Wee] vaate apan vaate a met-borde was ee-halt.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 98:

[With vat upon vat a meat-borde was held.]


murreen-leam

Borrowed from Irish mo bhrón (“my sorrow”) + léim (“jump at”).


pickkès

Alternative form of pikkès (“forks used in husbandry”)


pideff

third-person singular present indicative of pidh


paugh-meale

harvest home (feast held when the harvest is brought in)


redaughe-moone

Being that changes in spring, so called in Forth.


quiel laaune

From Middle English quele (“quill”) + Middle English lane.


shud with

Borrowed from Irish siúd (“that”), and calque of Irish ort (“on you”).


shimmereen

Zitch vaperreen, an shimmereen, fan ee-daff ee aar scoth!

Such vapouring and glittering when stript in their shirts!


vlealès

Wee aar lhaung vlealès an pikkès, to waaite apan a breede.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

With their long flails and picks, to wait upon the bride.


weeireth

third-person singular present indicative of waare


wiethest

second-person singular present indicative of wiethe


zent

Shoo zent him o' die.

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 108:

Shoo zent him anoor die a gozleen to keep;

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 108:

She sent him another day the goslings to keep;


ghou

From Middle English gule, from Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Germanic *gulaz.


mattoke

From Middle English mattok, from Old English mattuc.


cowlee man

The keeper of the goal at the game of ball.


cowlee

Th' ball want a cowlee, the gazb maate all rize;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:

The ball o'er shot the goal, the dust rose all about;


Barlough

A mydhe vrem a Barlough,

1867, OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, page 18:


criss

Criss Colfere,

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX:


hoan

F. broan, eeloan, hoan, loan, sthoan, sthroan.

E. brand, island, hand, land, stand, strand.

He zide hea'de help mee udh o' hoan

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 104:


keyen

"keyen", "pizzen", "ein".


varty

“score ower varty”

1893, Kathleen Browne, “Letter in Yola dialect by Kathleen Browne, including references to the Redmondite party, etc.,”, in catalogue.nli.ie, retrieved 2022-03-25:


meales

Ich at mee dhree meales.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


geeth

Geeth hea aught?

third-person singular present indicative of get


Sank

Sank Joan is oor brover.


barach

A chi of barach.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 30:

Barach-hye.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 46:


aamezil

Aamezil cou no stoane.


zummer

Zummer curthere


arraugh

Arraugh curthere


dicka

Na dicke wye, nar dicka.


thooree

Draugh a thooree.


emotee

Emotee knaugane.


knaugane

Emotee knaugane.


vearnee

From Middle English ferny, equivalent to vearne + -ee.

Vearnee-hile.


fearnee

Fearnee Hill.


beanes

Gnafeen a beanes.


doost

Doost thou know fidi is a hamaron?

second-person singular present indicative of doone


ryaught

Ryaught hoane.


Maree

From Middle English Marie, from Old French Marie, from Latin Maria.

Haail Maree!

a female given name, equivalent to English Mary


thoornes

From Middle English thorn, thurne, from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn.

Heigh thoornes.


maude

Jaude and maude.


jaude

Jaude and maude.


banès

Banès is ee-kearnt.

Beans are beginning to ripen in the pod.


hoanès

Mee hoanès is ee-kimmelt.


Vinteen

From Middle English Fenton, from Old English fenn (“fen, marsh”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).


wasth

Thou leeesth if thou wasth Saan Vinteen, and Saan Vinteen agyne.


wadher

Lhygt Wadher.


Engelhoan

From Middle English Engelond, from Old English Engla land.


lidg'd

Wough lidg'd.


w'ous

Lidge w'ous.


oanès

A big oanès.


ee-pealt

Ee-pealt a mydhe.


porachès

/pɔˈɾiːt͡ʃz/

From Middle English potache, from Old French potage.

Piz porachès.


arrm

From Middle English arm, from Old English earm, from Proto-West Germanic *arm.

Reicht arrm.


to-die

From Middle English today, from Old English tōdæġ.

Note will wee dra aaght to-die?

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 59:

How yarthe to-die, mee joee?

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 80:

Aar's a dole o' sneow apa greound to-die.

1867, “BIT OF DIALOGUE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 111:

There is a deal of snow upon the ground to-day.

Caulès will na get to wullaw to-die.


hoate

Scaul hoate.


baanès

Shawl a baanès.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 67:

Soween baanès.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 82:


ee-teap'd

A truckle is ee-teap'd.


naesth

From Middle English neest, from Old English nest, from Proto-West Germanic *nest.

Sparrowe's Naesth.


fhaade

Fhaade th' veezer.


bogher

Venie bogher.


sheardh

Venie sheardh.


danceen

Vale a danceen.


biletha

From bilethe (“boiled”). The unetymological <-a> /-ә/ was inserted to separate consonants.

Biletha vleash.


graace

Vull o' graace.


weithest

Th' weithest.

second-person singular present indicative of weithe


quingokee

To maake a quingokee.


kwingokee

Wich ad wough bethther kwingokee or baagchoosee vursth?

Whether had we better churn or bake first?


baagchoosee

The spelling gch developed from Irish gc /g/.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 78:


bethther

From Middle English better, from Old English betera, from Proto-West Germanic *batizō.


whileen

Whileen to thee.


noardth

Noardth wyeene.


greoun

Zea greoun.


sthroan

Th' mucha zea sthroan.


louthee

Lidge w'ouse an a milagh, tis gaay an louthee:

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 84:

Lie with us on the clover, 'tis fair and sheltered:


y'art

Huck nigher; y'art scuddeen; fartoo zo hachee?

Come nearer; you're rubbing your back; why so ill tempered?


c'hull

Well, gosp, c'hull be zeid; mot thee fartoo, an fade;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 84:

Well, gossip, it shall be told; you ask what ails me, and for what;


t'glade

Ha deight ouse var gabble, tell ee zin go t'glade.

You have put us in talk, 'till the sun goes to set.

till ee zin o'oure daies be var aye be ee-go t'glade.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 14-15:

until the sun of our lives be gone down the dark valley (of death).


Joane

Fade teil thee zo lournagh, co Joane, zo knaggee?

What ails you so melancholy, quoth John, so cross?

Ha-ho! be mee coshes, th'ast ee-pait it, co Joane;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 13, page 90:

Hey-ho! by my conscience, you have paid it, quoth John;

Aar was Thieg, an' Joane, an lhaung Jauane,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94:

There was Thadee, and John, and long Joan,


w'speen

Th' valler w'speen here, th' lass ee chourch-hey.

The more we spend here, the less in the churchyard.


wou'll

Ch'am a stouk, an a donel; wou'll leigh out ee dey.

I am a fool and a dunce; we'll idle out the day.


gosp

Come w' ouse, gosp Learry, theezil an Melchere;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:

Come with us, gossip Larry, yourself and Miles;


Tommeen

Yith Muzleare had ba hole, t'was mee Tommeen,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:

If Good-for-little had been buried, it had been my Tommy,

Many a bra draught by Tommeen was ee-maate;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 86:

Na, now or neveare! w' cry't t' Tommeen,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:


t'drive

At by mizluck was ee-pit t'drive in.


ee-pit

At by mizluck was ee-pit t'drive in.


mizluck

At by mizluck was ee-pit t'drive in.

Mizluck mye lhygt on Tam Busheare;

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 104:


blakeen

Zitch blakeen, an blayeen, fan ee ball was ee-drowe!

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 84:

Such bawling and shouting, when the ball was thrown!


vaperreen

Zitch vaperreen, an shimmereen, fan ee-daff ee aar scoth!

Such vapouring and glittering when stript in their shirts!


n'eer

Chote well aar aim was t'yie ouz n'eer a blowe.

I saw (well) their intent was to give us ne'er a stroke.


vezzeen

Zitch vezzeen, tarvizzeen, 'tell than w'ne'er zey.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:

Such driving, and struggling, 'till then we ne'er saw.


ee-teight

Mot w'all aar boust, hi soon was ee-teight

But with all their bravado they were soon taught


ouz

Fad didn'st thou cum t' ouz on zum other dey?

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 131:

[Why didn't you come to us on some other day?]


ee-height

At aar errone was var ameing 'ar 'ngish ee-height.

That their errand was aiming to bring anguish upon them.


ameing

From Middle English eymynge, equivalent to aim + -een.


fausteen

Th' cowlee-man, fausteen, zey well 'twas ee-naate.

The goal-keeper, trembling, said well 'twas intended them.


soween

Soween baanès.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


'ngish

From Middle English angwissh, from Anglo-Norman anguisse, from Latin angustia. Initial /a/ was dropped after 'ar /ɔː/.


ee-naate

From Middle English neden, from Old English nīedan.


lhuck

Yith w'had any lhuck, oor naame wode b' zung,

If we had any luck, our name would have been sung


commanès

Th' commanès t'rapple; th' ball skir an vlee;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:

The ball-clubs they rattled; the ball rose and flew;


eein

Our eein wode b' mistern t' dearnt up ee skee.

Our eyes would be dazzled to look up to the sky.


harnothès

Zim dellen harnothès w'aar nize ee reed cley;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 8, page 86:

Some digging earth-nuts with their noses in red clay;


w'

An aar w' had Treblere an sturdy Cournug.

And there we had Treblere and sturdy Cournug.

Shoo ya aam zim to doone, as w' be doone nowe;

She gave them some to do, as we are doing now;


w'

Oore hart cam' t' oore mouth, an zo w' all ee green;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:

Our hearts came to our mouth, and so with all in the green;

W' vengem too hard, he zunk ee commane,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:

With venom too hard, he sunk his bat-club,

Y'oure w' thee crookeen, an yie mee thee hoane.

Give over your crossness, and give me your hand.

Come w' ouse, gosp Learry, theezil an Melchere;

Come with us, gossip Larry, yourself and Miles;


caame

Than caame ee shullereen, ee teap an corkite;

Then came the shouldering, tossing, and tumbling;

Up caame ee ball, an a dap or a kewe

Hea raan awye del hea caame neeghe Burstheoune.

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 2-3:

He ran away until he came nigh to Bridgetown.


naume

F. naume, taale, gaume.


amyne

F. agyne, amyne, brine, gryne, gry, pyle, ryne.

E. again, amain, brain, grain, gray, pail, rain.


eelone

F. brone, eelone, hone, lone, sthone, sthrone.

E. brand, island, hand, land, stand, strand.


eeloan

F. broan, eeloan, hoan, loan, sthoan, sthroan.


eeen

Eeen, Ein.


w'eeme

Fan Cournug yate a rishp, an Treblere pit w'eeme.

When Cournug gave a stroke, and Treblere put with him.


cry't

From Middle English crien, from Old French crier, from Vulgar Latin *crītāre.

Na, now or neveare! w' cry't t' Tommeen,


heegh

F. griende, heegh, neeghe, neen, peepeare.


greound

F. greound, keow, meouth, pleough, sneow, steout.

1867, OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, page 15:

E. ground, cow, mouth, plough, snow, stout.

Aar's a dole o' sneow apa greound to-die.

1867, “BIT OF DIALOGUE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 111:

There is a deal of snow upon the ground to-day.


wourlok'd

Wourlok'd an anooree, lick lhuskès o' sheep.

Tumbled on one-another, like flocks of sheep.


gother

Past of *gether, from Middle English gederen, from Old English gaderian, from Proto-West Germanic *gadurōn.

A clugercheen gother: all, ing pile an in heep,

A crowd gathered up: all, in pile and in heap,


'ar

At aar errone was var ameing 'ar 'ngish ee-height.

That their errand was aiming to bring anguish upon them.


h'

T' brek up ee bathès h' had na poustee;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10:

To break up the goal they had not power;


broughet

An broughet ee stell, ing a emothee knaghane.


licke

Licke a mope an a mile, he gazt ing a mize;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:

Like a fool in a mill, he looked in amazement;


stalket

Than stalket, an gandelt, wie o! an gridane.

Then stalked and wondered, with oh! and with grief.


ee-smort

Oore joys all ee-smort ing a emothee knaghane.

Our joys are all smothered in a pismire-hill.


knaghane

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:

Twish thee an Tommeen, an ee emothee knaghane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 13, page 90:

Betwixt you and Tommy and the pismire-hill.


ee-pait

Ha-ho! be mee coshes, th'ast ee-pait it, co Joane;

Hey-ho! by my conscience, you have paid it, quoth John;


zunk

From Middle English synken, from Old English sincan, from Proto-West Germanic *sinkwan. Cognate with dialectal English sunk (“past of sink”).

cog

past of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">sink</i>

W' vengem too hard, he zunk ee commane,

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867

With venom too hard, he sunk his bat-club,

Yet spite o hays praachin a mugges thaaye zunk.

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

Yet spite of his preaching they emptied the jugs.


th'ast

Ye pace——yea, we mai zei, ye vaste pace whilke bee ee-stent owr ye londe zince th'ast ee-cam,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 21-23:

The peace——yes, we may say the profound peace—which overspreads the land since your arrival,


Melchere

Come w' ouse, gosp Learry, theezil an Melchere;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:

Come with us, gossip Larry, yourself and Miles;


Learry

a male given name, equivalent to English Larry


ch'ull

Outh o'mee hoane ch'ull no part wi' Wathere.

Out of my hand I'll not part with Walter.


t'zey

He at nouth fade t'zey, llean vetch ee man,

He that knows what to say, mischief fetch the man,


outh

Outh o' harr.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 60:


pleast

Jaane got leigheen; shoo pleast aam all, fowe?

Joan set them a laughing, she pleased them all, how?


Jaane

Coordinate term: Jone (“John”)

a female given name, equivalent to English Joan


plowe

Zo bless all oore frends, an God zpeed ee plowe.

So bless all our friends, and God speed the plough.


zpeed

From Middle English speden, from Old English spēdan, from Proto-West Germanic *spōdijan.


barich

Aar was pizzeen, an beanès, an barich amang.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:

There were pease and beans, and barley-mung.


vowre

An aar was a hundereth lauckeen vowre score.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94:

And there was a hundred, lacking four score;


Jauane

Aar was Thieg, an' Joane, an lhaung Jauane,

There was Thadee, and John, and long Joan,

Hea marreet dear Phielim to his sweet Jauane.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

He married dear Phelim to his sweet Joan.


joees

Ye be welcome, hearthilee welcome, mee joees,

You are welcome, heartily welcome, my joys,


Dearmoth

Aar was Parick o Dearmoth, an dhen score besidh,

There was Patrick o Deormod, and ten score beside,

a male given name, equivalent to English Dermot


pikkès

Wee aar lhaung vlealès an pikkès, to waaite apan a breede.

With their long flails and picks, to wait upon the bride.


Phielim

a male given name, equivalent to English Philip


maade

Maade a nicest coolecannan that e'er ye did zee.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94:

Made the nicest coolecannan that ever you did see.


prasaugh

Borrowed from Irish prásach (“soft mass”).

bor+

Aar was lhaung kaayle an nettles, ee-mixt wee prasaugh buee,

There was long kale and nettles, mingled with yellow-weed,


ee-mixt

From Middle English *mixen, from Old English *mixian, from Proto-West Germanic *miskēn.


shruaanès

Aar was a muskawn o buthther ee-laaide apan hoat shruaanès,

There was a great heap of butter laid upon hot scraps,


ee-zet

Raree met in plathearès, ee-zet in a rooe,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:

There was choice meat in platters, set in a row,


neeat

An neeat wooden trenshoorès var whiter than snow.

And neat wooden trenchers far whiter than snow.


cooanès

An gooude usquebaugh ee-sarith uth in cooanès.

And good whiskey served out in wooden cans.


dishen

Heve a dishen an trenshoorès awye, Shaneen;

Heave the dishes and the trenchers away, little John;


lithel

An a boor lithel breedegroom waithed wonderfullee griefte.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 96:

And the poor dirty bridegroom looked wondrously grieved.


sweethearth

To his sweethearth, an smack lick a dab of a brough.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 96:

To his sweetheart, and smacked like a slap of a shoe.


a-danceen

Zoo wough aul vell a-danceen; earch bye gae a poage

So we all fell a-dancing; each boy gave a kiss


parthet

Zoo wough kisth, an wough parthet; earch man took his laave;

So we kissed and we parted, each man took his leave;


earch

From Middle English ech, from Old English ǣlċ, a contraction of ǣġhwylċ.

Earch myde was a queen, an earch bye was a king;

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5:

Each maid was a queen, and each boy was a king;

Mot earch oan to aar die. Ich mosth kotch a bat.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 106:

But every one to his day. I must catch the bat.


breedegroom

From Middle English bridegome, from Old English brȳdguma, from Proto-West Germanic *brūdigumō.

Coordinate term: breede


kisth

From Middle English kissen, from Old English cyssan, from Proto-West Germanic *kussijan.


pleoughès

To our pleoughès an mulk-pylès till a neeshte holy die.

To our ploughs and our milk-pails till the next holiday.


trippeathès

Trippeathès an brand-eyrons war ee-brougkt to a big breal.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 98:

[Trippets and brandirons were brought to the large fire.]


lauckès

From Middle English lac, from Old English lāc, from Proto-West Germanic *laik.

Baakhooses an lauckès war aul ee a zweal.

[Ovens and locks were all in the swale.]


griue

Heal, griue, an kin, apaa thee, graacuse Forth,

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100:

Health, wealth, and regard upon thee, gracious Forth,


tibbès

Tibbès an crockès wee drink war ee-felt.

[Tubs and crocks were filled with drink.]


ee-brougkt

From Middle English bryngen, from Old English bringan, from Proto-West Germanic *bringan. Compare Middle English broucte (“brought”).


ee-halt

From Middle English y-halt, past participle of Middle English halt.

[Wee] vaate apan vaate a met-borde was ee-halt.

[With vat upon vat a meat-borde was held.]


ee-felt

From Middle English i-felled, from Old English ġefylled.


ee-rid

Amang wefty jhemes, 'cha jeist ee-rid apan.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:

Among cobwebby scraps, I have just alighted (rid) on.


rumcht

From Middle English ronage, from Old French arrumage (compare French arrimage), from arrumer (“to arrange the cargo in the hold”).

Ayenst zim vartful ropeare at a rumcht ouse avar.

Against some wanton ranter that has raved (at) us before.

Speaking badly, at random, from rumch'd (tumbled or tossed).


neileare

From Middle English neyler; equivalent to niel + eare.

Ingsaury neileare (pidh?) his niz outh o' harr.


ingsaury

/iːnsɔːˈɾiː/

From ing (“in”) + Middle English sory (“sorry”). Compare also Middle English insorwen (“to be in pain”).


plowere

"Hay was mee gude plowere,

1927, “LAMENT OF A WIDOW”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 130, line 6:


abuth

Go gaame abuth Forth, thou unket saalvache.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:

Go, make game about Forth, thou uncouth sloven.


loove

Inherited from Middle English love, from Old English lufu, from Proto-West Germanic *lubu, from Proto-Germanic *lubō.


eighthest

Thou ne'er eighthest buskès, white palskès, breede-kaake;

Thou never eatedst spiced bread, white palskes, bride-cake.

second-person singular present indicative of eight


palskès

Thou ne'er eighthest buskès, whit palskès, breede-kaake.

Thou never eatedst spiced bread, white palskes, (or) bride-cake.


'twode

Hi kinket an keilt, ee vewe aam 'twode snite.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 8, page 86:

They kicked and rolled, the few that (would) appeared.


anooree

* * * * oan anooree

1867, OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, page 18:

Wourlok'd an anooree, lick lhuskès o' sheep.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:

Tumbled on one-another, like flocks of sheep.


holy die

Till a neeshte holy die.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6:


mulk-pylès

Pleoughès an mulk-pylès.


ne're

Mye thee friend ne're waant welcome, nor straayart comfoort.

May thy friend ne'er want welcome, nor the stranger comfort.


risheenearès

/ɾɪʃiːˈniːz/

Risheenearès! Leth aam gaame wee aar barish-amang,

Snack-eaters! let them game, with their barley-mung.


cooan

From Middle English can, from Old English canne.

At ye mye ne'er be wooveless ta vill a lear jock an cooan.

That you may never be unprovided to fill an empty jack and can.


nyporès

Ye nyporès aul, come hark to mee,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 102:


chickès

Neen chickès have hea ee-left vatherless.


liveen

Mee cuck was liveen michty well,


ee-happen'd

Faade ee-happen'd mee lauthest Gooude Vreedie.

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1:


ee-tolth

A portion ich gae her, was (it's now ich have ee-tolth)

1867, “THE BRIDE'S PORTION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 102:

The portion I gave her was (it's now I have told)


ee-left

Aar was nodhing ee-left mot a heade,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:


vatherless

From Middle English faderles, from Old English fæderlēas, from Proto-West Germanic *faderlaus.


geearthès

Mee piggès, mee geearthès, nor nodhing threeve,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 104:


pryet

Hea pryet ich mought na ha chicke or hen,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 104:

He prayed I might not have chicken nor hen,


Zimaan

Zimaan Haay is a wicked man,


Shanaan

'Cham afear'd ich mosth cress a Shanaan,


pariesh

An lea a pariesh o Kilmannan.


Haay

Zimaan Haay is a wicked man,


Busheare

Mizluck mye lhygt on Tam Busheare;

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 104:


piggès

From Middle English pigge, from Old English *picga.


mosth

From Middle English moste, from Old English mōste.

Mot earch oan to aar die. Ich mosth kotch a bat.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 106:

But every one to his day. I must catch the bat.


miseree

From Middle English miserie, from Old French miserie, from Latin miseria.

Fan ich aam in this miseree.


Reedforth

Lhaung life to Misteare Reedforth an his vamilee,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 104:

Long life to Mister Radford and his family;

a surname, equivalent to English Radford


hea'de

He zide hea'de help mee udh o' hoan

A plaauge apan Portheare! Hea'de luther me waal,

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 106:

A plague upon Porter, he'd hide me well,


prosperitee

/pɾɔspɛɾɪˈtiː/

From Middle English prosperite, from Old French prosperitet, from Latin prosperitās.

Lhaung mye thye live in prosperitee;


Bloomere

As ich waant draugh Bloomere's Knough,

To hint dhicka cursed vox vrom Bloomere's lhoan.

To hunt that cursed fox from Bloomer's land.

a surname, equivalent to English Bloomer


vlew

Hea zed mee cuck vlew in a aare.


roosta

A skudhelès, lhaung roosta, wull glaude leth aam what.

The knives, that were long rusty, well-pleased let them whet.


slaugheardhès

At skelpearès an slaugheardhès mye leeigh aar oer vill.

That the piglings and pigs may laugh their overfill.


vear'd

Vear'd nodhing mot Portheare. Na skeine e'er ee-waare.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:

I feared nothing but Porter. No skein I ever wore.


treesh

Gooude var nat oan dhing, niether treesh ar thraame;

Good for not one thing; neither for the trace, nor the car.


cousaane

Eee crappès o' a shearde ich had a cousaane.

In the bushes of the gap I had a hole to go through.


shearde

Reed-shearde on a mountain.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 64:


Portheare

From Middle English Porter, from porter.

a male given name, equivalent to English Porter


ee-waare

Derived from Middle English ware (“wore”).


slouck

Eee-marreet a slouck.

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 108:


eee-marreet

Eee-marreet a slouck.


kuingokee

To maake a kuingokee.

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 108:


kauddès

Duggès an kauddès coome lick up a rhyme,

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 108:

Dogs and cats came to lick up the cream.


lounnick

Hea took up a lounnick, an knockt udh aar bryne.

He took up the churn-dash and knock'd out their brain.


Kilmoor

Adh Sankt Josef's die, adh a patroon o' Kilmoor, Jameen Qougeely was ee-pealthe.

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 1-2:

At St.Joseph's-day, at the patron of Kilmore, James Cagley was beaten.

Kilmore, in south County Wexford, Ireland.


scalte

A scalte croowe coome an taak aam awye,

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 108:


Jameen

At St. Joseph's-day, at the patron of Kilmore, James Cagley was beaten.

a male given name, equivalent to English Jemmy


gozleen

From Middle English goslyng, from Old Norse gæsling.

Shoo zent him anoor die a gozleen to keep;

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 108:

She sent him another day the goslings to keep;


pouingaan

An hea zet up a pouingaan an a cry.


Qougeely

Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Coigligh. Compare Caugley.

a surname, equivalent to English Quigley


Peeougheen

If ich hadh Peeougheen a Buch, Meyleare a Slut, Peedher Ghiel-laaune, an Jackeen Bugaaune,

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 5-6:

If I had Hugh the Buck, Meyler the Sloven, Peter the Smart Man, and John Boggan,


knockt

From Middle English knokken, from Old English cnocian, from Proto-West Germanic *knokōn.


hadh

From Middle English had, ad, from Old English hæfde, from Proto-West Germanic *habd-.


vooted

In durk Ich red virst mee left-vooted shoe."

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 11:

In the dark I happened first on my left-footed shoe."


'choo'd

'choo'd drieve aam aul awye to Kie o' Cress Farnogue, an maake aam cry, 'Rotheda Palloake !' "

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 7-8:

I would drive them all away to the quay of Cross Farnogue, and make them cry, 'Rotten Palluck !' "


wullaw

Caulès will na get to wullaw to-die.

1867, “BIT OF DIALOGUE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 111:


Burstheoune

Hea raan awye del hea caame neeghe Burstheoune.

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 2-3:

He ran away until he came nigh to Bridgetown.


drine-vold

Aar's neer a vear o aam to be drine-vold.

1867, “BIT OF DIALOGUE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:

There is no fear of them to fall into a dry furrow or trench.


aar's

Aar's a dole o' sneow apa greound to-die.

There is a deal of snow upon the ground to-day.


Excellencie

To's Excellencie Constantine Harrie Phipps, y' Earle Mulgrave, Lord Lieutenant-General and General Governor of Ireland.

1867, “Prologue”, in CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114:

To his Excellency, Constantine Henry Phipps, Earl Mulgrave, Lord Lieutenant-General, and Gereral Governor of Ireland.


rotheda

The unetymological <-a> /-ә/ was inserted to separate consonants.


soumissive

Ye soumissive Spakeen o'ouz Dwelleres o' Baronie Forthe, Weisforthe.

The humble Address of the Inhabitants of the Barony of Forth, Wexford.


Palloake

a surname, equivalent to English Palluch


Eccellencie

MAI'T BE PLESANT TO TH' ECCELLENCIE

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, line 1:


Wilyame

Wee, Vassalès o' 'His Most Gracious Majesty,' Wilyame ee Vourthe,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 1-3:

We, the subjects of his Most Gracious Majesty, William IV.,


mai't

MAI'T BE PLESANT TO TH' ECCELLENCIE


Forthe

na coshe an loyale dwellerès na Baronie Forthe,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 3-4:

both faithful and loyal inhabitants of the Barony of Forth,

az Irishmen, an az dwellerès na cosh an loyale o' Baronie Forthe,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 10-11:

as Irishmen, and as inhabitants, of faithful and loyal, of the Barony Forth,


coshe

Alternative form of coshes (“conscience”)


dwellerès

as Irishmen, and as inhabitants, faithful and loyal, of the Barony Forth,


kippeens

Thar was bacoon and gubbages, breed and kippeens,

1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, line 9:

There was bacon and cabbages, bread and kippins,


neicher

crave na dicke luckie acte t'uck neicher th' Eccellencie,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 4-5:

beg leave at this favourable opportunity to approach your Excellency,


luckie

From Middle English lukky, equivalent to lhuck + -ie.


t'gie

wi vengem o' core t'gie oure zense o' ye gradès whilke be ee-dighte wi yer name;

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 6-7:

to pour forth from the strength of our hearts, our sense of the qualities which characterise your name,


zense

From Middle English sense, from Old French sens, from Latin sensus.


gradès

Cognate with English grade and Scots graud.


governere

From Middle English governour, from Old French gouvreneur, from Latin gubernātor.

and whilke we canna zei, albeit o' 'Governere,' 'Statesman,' an alike.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 7-9:

and for which we have no words but of 'Governor,' 'Statesman,' &c.


ercha

Yn ercha an aul o' while yt beeth wi gleezom o' core th' oure eyen dwytheth apan ye Vigere o'dicke Zouvereine, Wilyame ee Vourthe,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 9-11:

In each and every condition it is with joy of heart that our eyes rest upon the representative of that Sovereign, William IV.,

y'ast, bie ractzom o'honde, ee-delt t'ouz ye laas ee-mate var ercha vassale, ne'er dwythen na dicke waie nar dicka.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 16-18:

you have with impartial hand ministered the laws made for every subject, without regard to this party or that.

w'oul daie an ercha daie, our meines an oure gurles, praie var long an happie zins,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 11-12:

we will daily and every day, our wives and our children, implore long and happy days,


whilke

Ye pace——yea, we mai zei, ye vaste pace whilke bee ee-stent owr ye londe zince th'ast ee-cam,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 21-23:

The peace——yes, we may say the profound peace—which overspreads the land since your arrival,

Ye state na dicke daie o'ye londe, na whilke be nar fash nar moile, albiet 'constitutional agitation,'

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 1-2:

The condition, this day, of the country, in which is neither tumult nor disorder, but that constitutional agitation,

Yer name var zetch avancet avare ye, e'en a dicke var hye, arent whilke ye brine o'zea an ye craggès o'noghanes cazed nae balke.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 4-6:

Your fame for such came before you even into this retired spot, to which neither the waters of the sea below nor the mountains above caused any impediment.

Na oure gladès ana whilke we dellt wi' mattoke, an zing t'oure caulès wi plou,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 6-8:

In our valleys where we were digging with the spade, or as we whistled to our horses in the plough,


daiez

unnere fose fatherlie zwae oure daiez be ee-spant,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 11-12:

under whose paternal rule our days are spent;


dwytheth

Mang ourzels——var wee dwytheth an Irelonde az ure generale haime——

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 14-15:

Unto ourselves——for we look on Ireland to be our common country——


zouvereine

From Middle English sovereyn, from Old French soverain, from Vulgar Latin *superānus.


unnere

From Middle English under, from Old English under, from Proto-West Germanic *undar.


fatherlie

From Middle English faderly, from Old English fæderlīċ, from Proto-West Germanic *faderlīk.


ee-kent

From Middle English kennen, from Old English cennan, from Proto-West Germanic *kannijan.

az avare ye trad dicke londe yer name waz ee-kent var ee vriene o' livertie, an He fo brake ye neckarès o' zlaves.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 12-14:

for before your foot pressed the soil, your name was known to us as the friend of liberty, and he who broke the fetters of the slave.


zlaves

From Middle English slave, from Old French esclave, from Latin sclavus.


livertie

From Middle English liberte, from Old French liberté, from Latin libertas.

—t'avance pace an livertie, an, wi'oute vlynch, ee garde o' generale reights an poplare vartue.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 19-21:

to promote peace and liberty—the uncompromising guardian of common right and public virtue.


neckarès

From Middle English necke + Middle English kever (“cover”). Compare Middle English neckerchevys (“neck-cover-chiefs”).


ee-delt

From Middle English delen, from Old English dǣlan, from Proto-West Germanic *dailijan.


zwae

From Middle English swẹ̄ (“to carry”), from Old Norse sveigja, from Proto-Germanic *swaigijaną.
The attested senses are a semantic loan from English sway; presumably this word had unattested senses directly inherited from Middle English.

ye wake o'hopes ee-blighte, stampe na yer zwae be rare an lightzom.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 2-4:

the consequence of disappointed hopes, confirms your rule to be rare and enlightened.


zwae

Wee dwyth ye ane fose dais be gien var ee gudevare o'ye londe ye zwae,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 18-19:

We behold in you one whose days are devoted to the welfare of the land you govern,


t'ouz

you have with impartial hand ministered (to us) the laws made for every subject, without regard to this party or that.


dwyth

head

dwyth (present participle dwythen, simple past dwytheth)

dwythen (participle present)
dwytheth (past)

d- + wiethe. Unetymological was added to distinguish it from waaite (“to attend”).


o'ye

wee hert ee zough o'ye colure o' pace na name o' Mulgrave.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 8-9:

we heard the distant sound of the wings of the dove of peace, in the word Mulgrave.


ee-stent

A corruption derived from Middle English extent (“extended”), past participle of Middle English extenden.


vartue

From Middle English vartu, from Old French vertu, from Latin virtūtem.


y'at

proo'th, y'at wee alane needeth ye giftes o'generale rights, az be displayte bie ee factes o'thie goveremente.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 23-24:

proves that we alone stood in need of the enjoyment of common privileges, as is demonstrated by the results of your government.


poplare

From Middle English populer, from Old French populaire and Latin populāris.


reights

From Middle English right, from Old English riht, from Proto-West Germanic *reht.


proo'th

From Middle English proven, from Old English prōfian (“to esteem, regard as, evince, try, prove”) and Old French prover (“to prove”).


displayte

From Middle English displayen, from Old French despleier, from Medieval Latin displicō, displicāre.


goveremente

From Middle English governement, from Old French governement.


gladès

From Middle English glade, from Old English glæd (“shining, bright”).


t'oure

an zing t'oure caulès wi plou,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, line 7:

or as we whistled to our horses in the plough,


ee-bond

Wi Irishmen owre generale hopes be ee-bond——

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 9-10:

With Irishmen our common hopes are inseparably bound up——


craggès

From Middle English crag, from Middle Irish crec, from Old Irish carrac.

Your fame for such came before you even into this retired spot, to which neither the waters of the sea below nor the (crags of) mountains above caused any impediment.


avancet

From Middle English avauncen, from Anglo-Norman avauncier, from Vulgar Latin *abanteāre.


zovereine

shorne o'lournagh an ee-vilt wi benisons, an yerzel an oure gude Zovereine,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 12-14:

free from melancholy and full of blessings, for yourself and our good Sovereign,


praie

we will daily and every day, our wives and our children, implore long and happy days,


cazed

From Middle English causen, from Old French causer, from Latin causāre.


o'oure

till ee zin o'oure daies be var aye be ee-go t'glade.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 14-15:

until the sun of our lives be gone down the dark valley (of death).


gurles

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867

"Gud bless thee mee gurles," hay zaid, "own an aal."

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

"God bless you, my children," he said, "one and all."


yerzel

From Middle English yourself, equivalent to yer + zil.


thaye

Thaye zhoult upan oother at high Thurns o Cullpaak,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 2:

They met one another at the high towers of Colepeak.


maarkeet

ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS.

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129:


histfullès

Twy histfullès.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


Bearlough

A moan vrim a Bearlough an anoor vrim a Baak,

A woman from the Bearlough and another from the Beak,

A maide vrem a Bearlough,


heimost

Themost wi egges an heimost wi thick,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 3:


zhoulthered

Fan a truckle ee zhoulthered too nigh upa ditch.

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, line 4:

When the car it moved too near to the ditch.


themost

Possibly from Middle English þe moste (“the greatest (person)”) with semantic bleaching.

Themost wi egges an heimost wi thick,


Cullpaak

From Middle English col (“cole”) + pek (“peak”).


zhoult

head

zhoult (simple past zhoulthered, past participle ee zhoulthered)

zhoulthered (past)
ee zhoulthered (participle past)

From Middle English shoten, from Old English sċēotan, from Proto-West Germanic *skeutan.
For vowel development, see /ɔː/ in eshoethet, /ɔɫ/ in esholthet and /ʊɫ/ in ee zhoulthered.


fighed

Thick besom fighed a spagh wi kick an a blaake,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 5:

[The stupid kid figged the spoke], with a kick and a bleat,


baashes

Shu ztaared, clappu her baashes an up wi punaan,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 8:

She stared, clapped her palms, and up with lament,


ztudied

From Middle English studien, from Old French estudier.

Shu ztaared an shu ztudied hi near parshagh moan,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 7:

She stared and she studied by the other passive woman,


spagh

From Middle English spake, from Old English spāca, from Proto-Germanic *spaikǭ. Cognate with Scots spage.


ztaared

From Middle English staren, from Old English starian, from Proto-West Germanic *starēn.


clappu

From Middle English clappen, from Old English clæppan, from Proto-West Germanic *clæppan. The unetymological -u was added to separate consonants.


vierd

Final -d is a dental addition before /d/.

Van a vierd durst a bargher an a haar galshied too,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 10:

When a weasel crossed the road, and a hare gazed at me too,


parshagh

From Middle English passyf, from Old French passif, from Latin passivus.


left-vooted

In durk Ich red virst mee left-vooted shoe."

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 11:

In the dark I happened first on my left-footed shoe."


meigh

Zien, "a blaak vall, a blaak vall, Ich meigh vella knew,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 9:

Saying "a black fall, a black fall——I might well have known,


swingale

"Swingale," co the umost, "thou liest well a rent,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 12:

"Swindle," said the other, "you know quite well,


umost

From Middle English utmost, from Old English ūtemest, ȳtemest (“furthest”).


a kernt

A big daal a masled, slavaak an a kernt.

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 13:

A big lot were rotten, dirty and half-hatched.


haghed

Maa bee haghed i more caar an angish than Ich."

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 15:

May be upset in more care and hardship than I."


secun

From Middle English secunde, from Old French second, from Latin secundus.

Thou liest valse co secun that thou an ye thick

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 14:

You lie false, said the second, that you and your kid,


galshied

Metathesis from Middle English glasyd, past of glacen (“to glide”).


walles

Or to a baar walles o Laady's Ilone?

1927, “LAMENT OF A WIDOW”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 130, line 3:


ilone

Or to a baar walles o Laady's Ilone?

Wu canna gow to Ilone vaar,

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 9:


yart

Ochone! Jone, thee yart deed.

1927, “LAMENT OF A WIDOW”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 130, line 4:


ee-drent

An Brogeen ee-dreut in a well o Caam Stone.

1927, “LAMENT OF A WIDOW”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 130, line 5:

And 'Brogeen' drowned in the well of Camstone.


sippeen

An mee gude sippeen maakere.

1927, “LAMENT OF A WIDOW”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 130, line 9:


maakere

From Middle English maker, equivalent to maake + -ere.

An mee gude sippeen maakere.


ruppere

From Middle English *riper, from Old English rīpere.

Mee gude ruppere,

1927, “LAMENT OF A WIDOW”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 130, line 8:


mydes

Haar wee bee dhree yola mydes,

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 1:


vlaxen

From Middle English flaxen, from Old English fleaxen.

But zit ad hime wi vlaxen wheel,

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 6:


mythens

Dhree yola mythens.

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 4:


vish

From Middle English wisshen, from Old English wȳsċan, from Proto-West Germanic *wunskijan.

An vish aal vellas wi a deel.

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 7:


thaar's

Thaar's no own aal to taak uz thaar.

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 10:


zyin

Zyin "Thaar gows Peg an Moll an Kaat

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 15:

Saying "There goes Peg and Moll and Kate,


eachy

An eachy tear ud shule a mill

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 19:


wu'll

Wu'll gow our wys to Chour Hill,

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 17:


thaar

Thaar's no own aal to taak uz thaar.

Zyin "Thaar gows Peg an Moll an Kaat

An thaar zit down an yux our vill,

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 18:


chapaal

From Middle English chapele, from Old French chapele, from Latin cappella. Cognate with Scots chapale.

Wu canna gow bee chapaal gaat,

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 13:


yux

From Middle English ʒixin, from Old English ġeocsian, ġiscian (“to hiccup”), from Proto-West Germanic *giskōn (“to yawn”).

An thaar zit down an yux our vill,


shaar

From Middle English share, from Old English sċearu, from Proto-West Germanic *skaru.

Or i a vaarin gees a shaar,

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 11:


vaarin

Or i a vaarin gees a shaar,


Vorth

Shu bin vrem Vorth, an hay vrem Bargee,

1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, line 3:


thaay

Thaay heighed upa Buckeen twi hours avar dawn,

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 2:

They mounted on Buckeen two hours before dawn.

Thaay paaced awi up to tha Cross o Shad

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 3:

They paced away up to the Cross of the Shad,


Scalaane

Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Scealláin (“descendant of Sceallán”), a byname from sceallán (“pip, kernel, stone of fruit”).

der

Billeen Scalaane an hys yola moan,

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 1:

a surname, equivalent to English Scallan


caars

From Middle English caren, from Old English carian, from Proto-West Germanic *karōn.

Vo no own caars fadere betides

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 3:


pooked

Fan Buckeen hay pooked lik own thing mad.

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 4:

When Buckeen he jumped like a thing mad.


Buckeen

a male given name, equivalent to English Bucky


Sooney

Fan Sooney shu tumbled vlat upa road.

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 9:

Co Sooney, "Billeen dowst thee zee faads lewer,

Says Alice "Billy, do you see what's yonder?"

a female given name, equivalent to English Sonny


paaced

From Middle English pacen, from Old French passer, from Vulgar Latin *passāre.

Thaay paaced awi up to tha Cross o Shad


itzel

Fan the loughraan itzel feight e big bawl,

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 11: