doone

doone (second-person singular simple present doost, simple past did)

doost (present second-person singular)
did (past)

From Middle English don, from Old English dōn, from Proto-West Germanic *dōn.

Shoo ya aam zim to doone, as w' be doone nowe;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:

She gave them some to do, as we are doing now;


waie

y'ast, bie ractzom o'honde, ee-delt t'ouz ye laas ee-mate var ercha vassale, ne'er dwythen na dicke waie nar dicka.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 16-18:

you have with impartial hand ministered the laws made for every subject, without regard to this party or that.


barish

Risheenearès! Leth aam gaame wee aar barish-amang,

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100:

Snack-eaters! let them game, with their barley-mung.


mistrace

From Middle English maistresse, from Old French maistresse, mestresse.


egges

From Middle English egge, from Old Norse egg.

Themost wi egges an heimost wi thick,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 3:


heall

Drink a heall to a breede. "Shud with, a voorneen."

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:

Drink a health to the bride, "Here's to you, my dear."


Chiese

Leighen a-Chiese,

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX:

a surname, equivalent to English Cheevers


Lar

Larstown,


feyer

From Middle English faire, from Old French foire, from Vulgar Latin *fēria, from the classical Latin plural noun fēriae.


th'art

"ch'am," "th'art," "he's," "she's," "w'ar," "th'ar;"

["I am," "you're," "he's," "she's," "with their," "there;"]


factes

From Old French fact, from Latin factum (“an act, deed, feat, etc.”).

der

proo'th, y'at wee alane needeth ye giftes o'generale rights, az be displayte bie ee factes o'thie goveremente.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 23-24:

proves that we alone stood in need of the enjoyment of common privileges, as is demonstrated by the results of your government.


waudher

From Middle English water, from Old English wæter, from Proto-West Germanic *watar.


mawen

meyen (plural)
meines (plural)
moans (plural)

Raymond Hickey (Irish English: History and Present-Day Forms) suggests the stress of /ˈwʊmən/ "woman" and /ˈwɪmɪn/ "women" was first shifted and the stressed vowel lengthened, yielding /wuˈmaːn/ and /wɪˈmiːn/, followed by apheresis to /maːn/ and /miːn/, followed by the formation of a medial glide, yielding the singular mawen /mawən/ "woman" and plural meyen /mɪjɪn/ "women".

Coordinate term: man

Yold mawn.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


taake

head

taake (simple past took, past participle ee-took)

From Middle English taken, from Old English tacan, from Old Norse taka.

Taake heed.


vengence

From Middle English veneson, this is a vulgar pronunciation in Ireland.


drieve

'choo'd drieve aam aul awye to Kie o' Cress Farnogue, an maake aam cry, 'Rotheda Palloake !' "

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 7-8:

I would drive them all away to the quay of Cross Farnogue, and make them cry, 'Rotten Palluck !' "


boagher

Mucha boagher.


bidge

From Middle English biggen, from Old English bycġan (“to buy, pay for, acquire, redeem, ransom, procure, get done, sell”), from Proto-Germanic *bugjaną (“to buy”).


'ch-

Reduction of ich. Cognate with obsolete English ch-.

and its blending as 'ch with verbs.

(attached to following verb) I; clitic form of ich.


choule

From Middle English chaule, from Old English ċeafl, from Proto-West Germanic *kafl. Cognate with Scots chowl.


garr

Possibly from Middle English garme, from Old English grama.
Not a procope from Middle English anger, compare angerth (“angered”).


lous

Tommeen was lous, an zo was ee baree.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:


unket

From Middle English unked, past participle of unkythen.

Go gaame abuth Forth, thou unket saalvache.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:

Go, make game about Forth, thou uncouth sloven.


Codd

Codd

1987, The Manuscript of Jacob Poole's Glossary of the Dialect of Forth and Bargy:


fleen

From Middle English fle, from Old English flēah, from Proto-West Germanic *flauh.


condale

From Middle English candel, from Old English candel, from Latin candēla.


cowm

From Middle English cōmb, cāmb, from Old English camb, from Proto-West Germanic *kamb. Cognate with Orkney Scots keem.


dishe

From Middle English disch, from Old English disċ, from Proto-West Germanic *disk.


dreade

From Middle English thred, from Old English þrǣd, from Proto-Germanic *þrēduz.


dhew

From Middle English dew, from Old English dēaw, from Proto-West Germanic *dauw.


vengem

From Middle English venem, from Anglo-Norman venim.

W' vengem too hard, he zunk ee commane,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:

With venom too hard, he sunk his bat-club,

wi vengem o' core t'gie oure zense o' ye gradès whilke be ee-dighte wi yer name;

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 6-7:

to pour forth from the strength of our hearts, our sense of the qualities which characterise your name,


vew

From Middle English vewe, from Old English fēaw, from Proto-West Germanic *fau.

Hi kinket an keilt, ee vewe aam 'twode snite.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 8, page 86:

They kicked and rolled, the few that appeared.


adh

From Middle English at, from Old English æt, from Proto-Germanic *at, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd. Cognate with English at.

Come adh o' mee gazb.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 41:

Adh Sankt Josef's die, adh a patroon o' Kilmoor, Jameen Qougeely was ee-pealthe.

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 1-2:

At St. Joseph's-day, at the patron of Kilmore, James Cagley was beaten.


dhree

From Middle English thre, from Old English þrī, from Proto-West Germanic *þrīʀ. Cognates include English three and Scots three.

Ich at mee dhree meales.

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867

Dhree brailès o' beanès, an a keow at was yole,

Three barrels of beans, and a cow that was old,

Haar wee bee dhree yola mydes,

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland


ee-

From Middle English y-, from Old English ġe-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.

Used to form the past participle of verbs.


zheep

From Middle English schep, from Old English scēap, from Proto-West Germanic *skāp.


hungree

From Middle English hungry, from Old English hungriġ.


laafe

From Middle English leef, from Old English lēaf, from Proto-West Germanic *laub. Cognate with Scots lefe.

A laafe ing lemethès chote wel ta ba zang,

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:

A leaf in tatters, I know well to be sung,


straung

From Middle English straunge, from Old English strang, strong, from Proto-West Germanic *strang.

"steoute and straung,"

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:


raree

Derived from Middle English *rare (“neither sooner nor later”), from Old French rier, rere.

der+

Yola Vather Deruse hay raree cam thoare,


Ling

Lingstown,


Furlong

"The Furlong" at Clontarf, Co. Dublin, O. S. 19,

THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD


eeren

From Middle English iren, from Old English īsern, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn.


Lough

Joud an moud vrem earchee ete was ee Lough.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 84:

Throngs and crowds from each quarter were at the Lough;


Cheevers

Lacheny Cheevers

1927, THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD:


Jone

From Middle English John, from Anglo-Norman Jehan, Johan, and also Old English Iohannes.

Coordinate term: Jauaan (“Joan”)

Ochone! Jone, thee yart deed.

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 130

a male given name, equivalent to English John


skir

A verbal form derived from skee. Cognate with English sky (“to throw a ball extremely high”).

cog

Th' commanès t'rapple; th' ball skir an vlee;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:

The ball-clubs they rattled; the ball rose and flew;


Brune

Gentleman Brune


upan

Thaye zhoult upan oother at high Thurns o Cullpaak,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 2:

They met one another at the high towers of Colepeak.


vather

From Middle English father, from Old English fæder, from Proto-West Germanic *fader (compare English father, West Frisian faar, North Frisian faaðer, Low German Fader, Dutch vader, German Vater, Danish fader, Norwegian and Swedish far), from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (compare Irish athair, Tocharian A pācar, B pācer, Persian پدر (pedar), Lithuanian patinas (“male animal”), akin to Latin pater, akin to Ancient Greek πατήρ (patḗr), akin to Armenian հայր (hayr), akin to Sanskrit पितृ (pitṛ, “father”)).


zister

From Middle English *zister (attested in Modern English dialects), a form of suster, from Old English sweostor, swustor, sweoster, from Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.


yerstey

Yerstey w'had a baree, gist ing oor hoane,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:

Yesterday we had a goal just in our hand.


ood

Ich ood.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


deemes

From Middle English tyme, from Old English tīma, from Proto-Germanic *tīmô.

Dree deemes.


niel

From Middle English neil, from Old English næġl, from Proto-West Germanic *nagl.


glies

A fossilised plural of *glie, borrowed from Irish dlaoi (“bundle of thatch”), from Old Irish dlaí, dluí. Compare also swingale (“swindle”).

bor+

straw tied at one end (used for thatching stacks)


oanes

From Middle English ones, from Old English ānes.


querne

From Middle English quern, from Old English cweorn.


gaay

A gaay wytheen midhe.

Lidge w'ouse an a milagh, tis gaay an louthee:

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 84:

Lie with us on the clover, 'tis fair and sheltered:

Zoo wough aul returnth hime, contented an gaay,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 96:

So we all returned home, contented and gay,


eorth

From Middle English eorthe, from Old English eorþe, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu.


erth

From Middle English erthe, eorthe, from Old English eorþe, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu.


condel

The condel is to winnooween.


yie

From Middle English yeven, yiven, from Old English ġiefan. Doublet of gee.

Y'oure w' thee crookeen, an yie mee thee hoane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 13, page 90:

Give over your crossness, and give me your hand.


pley

From Middle English pleye, from Old English plega, from Proto-West Germanic *plegō.

Th' heiftem o' pley vell all ing to lug;

The weight of the play fell into the hollow;


zour

From Middle English soure, from Old English sūre.

Zing ug a mor fane a zour a ling.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 108:

[Sing for the moor iris, the sorrel and the ling.]


fowe

From Middle English how, from Old English hū, from Proto-West Germanic *hwō. Cognate with Scots foo, hoo (“how”). The initial f- is by analogy with fest, hist (“fist”).

Jaane got leigheen; shoo pleast aam all, fowe?

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:

Joan set them a laughing, she pleased them all, how?


laupe

From Middle English lopen, from Old Norse hlaupa, from Proto-Germanic *hlaupaną.


laay

F. daaily, faigh, gaay, haail, laay, paay, waaite.

E. daily, faith, gay, hail, lay, pay, wait.


ryne

F. agyne, amyne, brine, gryne, gry, pyle, ryne.

E. again, amain, brain, grain, gray, pail, rain.


piff

From Middle English puf, from Old English pyf.

A small puff of wind, as with the mouth.


burdes

Birds: burdes, croowe, sparroon, lereke, drush, duucks.


caake

From Middle English cake, from Old Norse kaka, from Proto-Germanic *kakǭ.

Pussough caake.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 63:


coorn

From Middle English corn, from Old English corn, from Proto-West Germanic *korn.


stre

From Middle English stre, strew, from Old English strēaw, from Proto-West Germanic *strau.


hachee

Huck nigher; y'art scuddeen; fartoo zo hachee?

Come nearer; you're rubbing your back; why so ill tempered?


kyne

Kyne.


smoo

From Middle English smothe, from Old English smōþ.


bothom

From Middle English botom, from Old English botm, from Proto-Germanic *butmaz.


neveare

Na, now or neveare! w' cry't t' Tommeen,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:


oore

Oore hart cam' t' oore mouth, an zo w' all ee green;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:

Our hearts came to our mouth, and so with all in the green;

Oore joys all ee-smort ing a emothee knaghane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:

Our joys are all smothered in a pismire-hill.

Zo bless all oore frends, an God zpeed ee plowe.

So bless all our friends, and God speed the plough.


meale

From Middle English mel, from Old English mǣl, from Proto-West Germanic *māl.


blease

1867, “WEXFORD THREE HUNDRED YEARS AGO”, line 5-6, in APPENDIX

a faggot, a blease, or a blaze,
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


rether

From Middle English rether, from Old English hraþor.


bakoon

e.g. bakoon (bacon), patroon (a patron), gorsoon (a lad), sneesheen (snuff), poag (a kiss), borde (a table), stuckeen (a stocking), pucane (a goat), usbaugh (whiskey).


scudden

Huck nigher, y'art scudden; fartoo zo haachee?

1927, “A YOLA ZONG”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, line 4:

Come nearer; you're shrugging, why so ill-tempered?


streem

From Middle English strem, from Old English strēam, from Proto-West Germanic *straum.


Foyle

OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, line 26.

“The principal of these are named Carrick-a-Shinna, Carrick-a-Dee, and Carrick-a-Foyle, and are respectively 556, 776, and 687 feet above the level of the sea.”


laave

From Middle English leven, from Old English lǣfan, from Proto-West Germanic *laibijan.

Zoo wough kisth, an wough parthet; earch man took his laave;

So we kissed and we parted, each man took his leave;


pultry

From Middle English pultrie, from Old French pouleterie.


gaast

From Middle English gaast, from Old English gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist.


doughtere

From Middle English doughter, from Old English dohtor, from Proto-West Germanic *dohter.


voal

From Middle English fole, from Old English fola, from Proto-West Germanic *folō.


gryne

From Middle English grayne, from Old French grain, from Latin grānum.


stouk

Ch'am a stouk, an a donel; wou'll leigh out ee dey.

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867

I am a fool and a dunce; we'll idle out the day.

"Faad thay goul ez upa thee, thou stouk" co Billeen,

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

"What the divil is on you, you fool?" quoth Billy;


virst

In durk Ich red virst mee left-vooted shoe."

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 11:

In the dark I happened first on my left-footed shoe."


heech

head

heech (simple past heighed, past participle ee-height)

heighed (past)
ee-height (participle past)

From Middle English hechen (“to raise, lift up, build, erect; to go up, rise”).

inh

To put water into a pump to make the sucker work.


nize

From Middle English nese, from Old English *nesu, *neosu.

Zim dellen harnothès w'aar nize ee reed cley;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 8, page 86:

Some digging earth-nuts with their noses in red clay;


smele

From Middle English smele, smullen, from Old English *smellan.


brone

F. brone, eelone, hone, lone, sthone, sthrone.

E. brand, island, hand, land, stand, strand.


heighe

Neeghe a heighe thoornes (or thoweares) o' Culpake

1867, OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, page 18:


mize

Licke a mope an a mile, he gazt ing a mize;

Like a fool in a mill, he looked in amazement;


hoat

From Middle English hoot, hote, hoote, from Old English hāt.

Hoat broan.

Aar was a muskawn o buthther ee-laaide apan hoat shruaanès,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94:

There was a great heap of butter laid upon hot scraps,


venie

From Middle English fenny, from Old English fenniġ, equivalent to ven + -ie.

Venie bogher; Venie sheardh.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


goul

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 5:


vour

From Middle English four, from Old English fēower, from Proto-West Germanic *feuwar.

Vour wing leet.


Lamport

Dugged Lamport,

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX:

a surname, equivalent to English Lamport


vrim

A moan vrim a Bearlough an anoor vrim a Baak,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 1:

A woman from the Bearlough and another from the Beak,


maate

From Middle English meate, met, from Old English mete, from Proto-West Germanic *mati.

Gin we have no mo' maate, it maakes no mo' matter,

[If we have no more meat, it makes no more matter,]


heade

From Middle English heed, from Old English hēafod. Cognates include English head and Scots heid.


aulaveer

aul (“all”) + agyther (“together”). The middle <-gy-> was syncopated and the <-th-> /-ð-/ was further voiced to <-v->. Compare also brover (“brother”).


aagar

From Middle English egor, from Old French egre, aigre, from Late Latin ācrus. Cognate with Scots laager.


aloghe

From Middle English alogh. Cognate with Scots aloah.

Vrem ee Choure here aloghe up to Cargun.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 86:

From the Choure here below up to Cargun.


angish

Derived from Middle English ange, means pinchedness or straitness of life.

Maa bee haghed i more caar an angish than Ich."

May be upset in more care and hardship than I."


baakoozee

baakooze (“oven”) + -ee (“verbal suffix”)


arich

From Middle English arliche, from Old English ǣrlīċe (“early”).


aveel

Wu canna baar to gow aveel,


ameve

From Middle English ameven, borrowed from Old French amover.


baalee

From Middle English baly (“bailiff”), from Anglo-Norman and Old French bailif. Cognate with Scots bylly.


bellee

From Middle English bely, from Old English bælg, from Proto-West Germanic *balgi.


baskaate

From Middle English basket, from Anglo-Norman bascat, from Late Latin bascauda (“kettle, table-vessel”).


baakooze

Borrowed from Irish bácús, from Middle English bakhous, from Old English bæchūs (“bakery, bakehouse”), from Proto-West Germanic *bakahūs (“bakehouse”).


ayghteen

From Middle English eightetene, from Old English eahtatīene, eahtatēne, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōutehun.


blooed

From Middle English blood, from Old English blōd, from Proto-West Germanic *blōd.


aslepe

Hea shet his heade in a bushe, an vele aslepe.

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 108:

He thrust his head in a bush, and fell asleep.


awye

From Middle English away, from Old English aweġ, from earlier on weġ (“on one's way”). Cognates include English away and Scots awa.

Awye wough it.

Heve a dishen an trenshoorès awye, Shaneen;

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:

Heave the dishes and the trenchers away, little John;

A scalte croowe coome an taak aam awye,

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 108:

Hea raan awye del hea caame neeghe Burstheoune.

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 2-3:

He ran away until he came nigh to Bridgetown.


buckate

From Middle English bocket, from Anglo-Norman buket.


bawkoon

From Middle English bacoun, from Anglo-Norman bacon, bacun. Cognate with English bacon, and Scots bawcon.


zeese

From Middle English six, from Old English six, from Proto-West Germanic *sehs. /ik/ changed into /iː/.


ayght

From Middle English eighte, ahte, from Old English eahta, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō. Cognates include English eight and Scots aicht.


veeve

From Middle English vive, from Old English fīf, from Proto-West Germanic *fimf. Cognates include English five and Scots five.


comree

Borrowed from Irish coimrí (“protection”).


boust

From Middle English bost, from Anglo-Norman bost. Cognate with Scots boost, boust (“to drive off, 'shoo' off”).

Mot w'all aar boust, hi soon was ee-teight

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:

But with all their bravado they were soon taught


bushe

From Middle English bush, from Old English busċ, from Proto-West Germanic *busk.

Beteesh a kraaneberry-bushe an a ellena-ghou.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 106:

Between the gooseberry-bush and the elder-tree.

Hea daffed his cooat, pidh it an a bushe, an begaan to peale a cooat, an zide,

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 3-5:

He took off his coat, put it on a bush, and began to beat the coat, and said,


correate

From Middle English karette, from Latin carōta.


bhlock

From Middle English blā̆k, from Old English blæc.


blenty

From Middle English plente, from Old French plenté, from Latin plēnitās, plēnitātem.


kunnife

From Middle English knyf, from Old English cnīf.


earchee

Joud an moud vrem earchee ete was ee Lough.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 84:

Throngs and crowds from each quarter were at the Lough;


anoor

Anoor vrem a Bake,

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland


himzil

From Middle English hymself, from Old English him selfum.


laady

From Middle English lady, from Old English hlǣfdīġe.


kraanberry

/kɾɔːn.bɛˈɾiː/


dwanty

From Middle English twenty, from Old English twēntiġ, from Proto-Germanic *twai tigiwiz.

A heeve o' been, an dwanty shilleen.

1867, “THE BRIDE'S PORTION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 102:


jeist

Amang wefty jhemes, 'cha jeist ee-rid apan.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:

Among cobwebby scraps, I have just alighted on.


chisool

From Middle English chisel, from Anglo-Norman chisel.


konnee

From Middle English kne, from Old English cnēow, from Proto-West Germanic *kneu.


clouk

Aar was a clouk.

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 108:


henee

From Middle English hony, from Old English huniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *hunag.


chyre

From Middle English chayre, from Old French chaiere, from Latin cathedra.


faulse

Faul=se

1987, The Manuscript of Jacob Poole's Glossary of the Dialect of Forth and Bargy:


hindreth

From Middle English hundred, honderd, from Old English hundred.


leeoon

From Middle English lyoun, from Old French leon, leun, liun, from Latin leōnem, accusative of leō.


chaamer

From Middle English chambre, from Old French chambre, from Latin camera, camara. Cognate with Scots chaumer.


dhraat

From Middle English throte, from Old English þrote.


crewst

From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman cruste, from Latin crusta.


goouness

Greash an' goouness.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


contrishelagh

/kɔntɾɪʃiːˈlɔːɡ/

From Middle English congregacioun + -agh (“suffix forming noun, borrowed from Irish -ach”).
Yola is silent when in <-ngr->, thus the first was replaced by an unetymological . The middle was syncopated to simplify articulation. This is a vulgar pronunciation in Ireland.


fungerlagh

/fʊŋɡiːˈlɔːɡ/

Coordinate term: benagh


fashoon

From Middle English facioun, from Old French façon, faceon, from Latin factiō.


fhyne

From Middle English fyn, from Old French fin, from Latin finis.


gaaute

From Middle English gate, yeate, from Old English ġeat, from Proto-West Germanic *gat.


dineare

From Middle English dinere, dener, from Old French disner (“breakfast, lunch”), from Vulgar Latin *disiūnō, *disiūnāre, contraction of disieiūnāre.


gaaye

From Middle English gay, from Old French gai.


dhoaugh

From Middle English doughe, from Old English dāg, from Proto-Germanic *daigaz. Cognate with Middle English dowke.


chourch

From Middle English church, from Old English ċiriċe, from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā.

Chourch hey.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 46:


dhurteen

From Middle English thurtene, from Old English þreotīene, from Proto-Germanic *þritehun.


clugercheen

From Middle English clicchinge. Compare English clutch (“group, bunch”). The middle <-ger-> may be derived from the second , as if pronounced /ˈklik.t͡ʃing/.

A clugercheen gother: all, ing pile an in heep,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:

A crowd gathered up: all, in pile and in heap,


fearse

From Middle English fers, from Old French fers, fiers, nominative of fer, fier, from Latin ferus.


narrowe

From Middle English narwe, from Old English nearu.


loard

From Middle English lord, from Old English hlāford.


graabache

From Middle English *grabage. Compare also gubbauch.

Adee! well zide, stuggoone, an thee raste o' graabache.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:

Ha! well said, (with thy) bad bread, and thy rest of garbage.


greoune

From Middle English groun(e, ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz.


naatur

From Middle English nature, from Old French nature, from Latin nātūra.


raskail

From Middle English rascaile, from Old French rascaille (“outcast, rabble”).


muskawn

Muskawn of buthther.


meezil

From Middle English myself, from Old English mē self, mē seolf, equivalent to mee + zil.


graacuse

From Middle English gracious, from Old French gracious, from Latin grātiōsus.

Heal, griue, an kin, apaa thee, graacuse Forth,

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100:

Health, wealth, and regard upon thee, gracious Forth,


puddeen

From Middle English podynge, probably from Old French bodin, boudin, of disputed origin.

Aar was a gooude puddeen maate o bran.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:


poulee

From Middle English pulse, from Old French pous. The first e was misspelled.


neenteen

From Middle English nynetene, from Old English nigontīene.


plaague

From Middle English plage, from Old French plage, from Latin plāga (“blow, wound”).


fho

From Middle English who, from Old English hwā, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ.

Fho told thee?


ee-go

ee- (“past participle prefix”) + go (“to go”)

prefix

Hea's ee-go.

Ho ro! mee cuck is ee-go.

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 102:

till ee zin o'oure daies be var aye be ee-go t'glade.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 14-15:

until the sun of our lives be gone down the dark valley (of death).


eyver

From Middle English ēver, er, from Old English ǣfre.


heereen

From Middle English heringe, from Old English gehēring.


raaison

From Middle English raison, from Anglo-Norman raisun, from Old French reson, from Latin ratiō, ratiōnem.


pleough

From Middle English plough, from Old English plōh, from Proto-West Germanic *plōg.


heale

From Middle English hele, from Old English hǣlu, hǣl, from Proto-West Germanic *hailī.

Yer hele.


glaude

From Middle English glade, from Old English glæd, from Proto-West Germanic *glad.

A skudhelès, lhaung roosta, wull glaude leth aam what.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 106:

The knives, that were long rusty, well-pleased let them whet.


enteete

Derived from Middle English tyde, from Old English tīd (“time”), from Proto-Germanic *tīdiz (“time”).


hearesth

From Middle English hervest, harvest, from Old English hærfest, from Proto-West Germanic *harbist.


nordh

From Middle English north, from Old English norþ.


neeshte

From early *niskte, itself from southern Middle English nixte, from Old English nīhst.


neeshte

To our pleoughès an mulk-pylès till a neeshte holy die.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 96:

To our ploughs and our milk-pails till the next holiday.


joee

From Middle English joye, from Old French joie, from Latin gaudia.

How yarthe to-die, mee joee?

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 80:


naame

From Middle English name, from Old English nama, from Proto-West Germanic *namō.

Yith w'had any lhuck, oor naame wode b' zung,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 86:

If we had any luck, our name would have been sung


vifteen

From Middle English fiftene, from Old English fīftīene.


vourteen

From Middle English fourtene, from Old English fēowertēne.


zeventeen

From Middle English seventene, from Old English seofontēne.


vourthe

From Middle English fourthe, from Old English fēorþa. Cognate with Scots fourt (“fourth”).

Wee, Vassalès o' 'His Most Gracious Majesty,' Wilyame ee Vourthe,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 1-3:

We, the subjects of his Most Gracious Majesty, William IV.,


eenew

From Middle English ynowe, from Old English ġenōg, from Proto-Germanic *ganōgaz. Cognate with Scots enoo.


durk

In durk Ich red virst mee left-vooted shoe."

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

In the dark I happened first on my left-footed shoe."


priesth

From Middle English prest, from Old English prēost.

An a priesth o' parieshe on his lhaung-tyel garraane.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94:

And the priest of the parish on his long tail pony.

An a priesth o parieshe on his garrane baun,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

The priest of the parish on his white pony,


aalhouse

From Middle English alehous, from Old English ealuhūs; equivalent to *aal + heouse. Cognate with Scots helehous.


aamzil

From Middle English amselve, from Old English him selfum, equivalent to aam + zil.

Aar gentrize ware bibbern, aamzil cou no stoane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:

Their gentry were quaking, themselves could not stand.


aany

From Middle English āni, from Old English ǣniġ (“any”), from Proto-West Germanic *ainag.

Ar aany noor dhing at woode comfoort mee,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 104:

Or any other thing that would comfort me,


aager

From Middle English aker, from Old English æcer, from Proto-West Germanic *akr. Cognate with Scots awker.

Dhen aager.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


aake

From Middle English aken, from Old English acan, from Proto-West Germanic *akan. Cognate with Scots yawk.

Craneen t' thee wee aam, thee luggès shell aake.

Choking to thee with them. Thy ears shall ache.


aferdth

From Middle English afert, afered, past participle of aferen.


agyne

From Middle English agayn, from Old English āġēan, onġēan, onġeġn.

Thou leeesth if thou wasth Saan Vinteen, an Saan Vinteen agyne.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 52:

Thou liest if thou wast St. Finton, and St. Finton again.


agyther

Derived from Middle English gither, from Old English gæderian, from Proto-West Germanic *gadurōn.


almostly

Derived from Middle English almost, from Old English eallmǣst (“nearly all, almost, for the most part”). Morphologically, from al (“all”) + most + -ly.


alomes

From Middle English almesse, from Old English ælmesse, from Proto-West Germanic *alemōsinā, a borrowing from Vulgar Latin *alemosyna.


ameal

ashes, what is in a meal state, or in a mingled lot.


shoone

From Middle English schon, plural of scho (“shoe”).


thye

Lhaung mye thye live in prosperitee;

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 104:


angerth

From Middle English angerd, past participle of Middle English angeren.


arkagh

Borrowed from Irish airceach (“hungry, ravenous”).

bor+

Wode zar; mot, all arkagh var ee barnaugh-blowe,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:

Would serve; but, all eager for the barnagh-stroke,


bedreede

From Middle English bedrede, from Old English beddrida.


baarich

/bɔːˈɾiːt͡ʃ/

/bɔːˈliːt͡ʃ/

From Middle English barlich, from Old English bærlīċ.


barrn

From Middle English barn, from Old English bearn, bern, from Proto-West Germanic *barn (“child”).


buthee

From Middle English bodi, from Old English bodiġ, from Proto-West Germanic *bodag.


barrm

From Middle English barme, from Old English beorma, from Proto-West Germanic *bermō (“yeast; barm”).


brimel

From Middle English brimbel, from Old English brēmel, from Proto-West Germanic *brāmil.


callef

From Middle English calf, from Old English ċealf, from Proto-West Germanic *kalb. Compare also halleef (“half”).


blooeden

Blooeden eales.


budheree

From Middle English boterie, from Old French boterie and Medieval Latin buteria, from Late Latin botāria.


bebber

From Middle English biveren. Cognate with English bever.


arnaauneen

/ɔːnɔːˈniːn/

Derived from Irish airneán (“sitting up late”) + een.


brover

From Middle English brọ̄ther, from Old English brōþor, from Proto-West Germanic *brōþer. Cognate with Cockney English bruvver.

Sank Joan is oor brover.


atheen

From Middle English etynge, from Old English eting.


endeen

From Middle English endyng, from Old English endung.


faace

From Middle English face, from Old French face, from Late Latin facia. Cognate with Scots fece.


copprouse

Papaver rhoeas
Papaver rhoeas#Translingual

(figurative) corn poppy (bud), red poppy (bud), Papaver rhoeas (bud)


daaily

From Middle English dayly, from Old English dæġlīċ. Equivalent to die (“day”) + -ly.


comfoort

*From Middle English comfort, from Old French cunfort, confort.
*From Middle English comforten, from Old French conforter, from Late Latin confortō

Mye thee friend ne're waant welcome, nor straayart comfoort.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100:

May thy friend ne'er want welcome, nor the stranger comfort.


Deenees

From Middle English Denis, from Old French Denis.

a male given name, equivalent to English Dennis


dhirtee

From Middle English thritty, from Old English þrītiġ.


dhourk

From Middle English durk, from Old English deorc, from Proto-West Germanic *derk.


Jennate

a female given name, equivalent to English Janet


drush

From Middle English thrusche, thryshe, from Old English þrysċe, from Proto-West Germanic *þruskijā.


Edweard

From Middle English *Edweard, from Old English Ēadweard, from Proto-West Germanic *Audawardu.

a male given name, equivalent to English Edward


Beedher

From Middle English Peter, from Old English Petrus, from Latin Petrus, from Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros), from πέτρος (pétros, “stone, rock”).

a male given name, equivalent to English Peter


ghurteare

From Middle English gartere, from Old French gartier.


gendrize

From Middle English gentryse, from Old French genterise.


Jaames

a male given name, equivalent to English James


halpish

From Middle English hardshipe, equivalent to hard + zhip.


harpeare

From Middle English harpere, from Old English hearpere.


glaade

Goan to glaade; Gone to glaade.


earnough

Borrowed from Irish earráideach. The -n- was misspelled.

A gooude earnough.


flaase

From Middle English flees, from Old English flēos, from Proto-West Germanic *fleus.

Na speen to be multh, nar flaase to be shaure.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:

no teat to be milked, nor fleece to be shorn.


gimlie

From Middle English chimeney, from Old French cheminee, from Late Latin camināta. Cognate with Scots chimlie. The voicing /t͡ʃ/ → /d͡ʒ/ was due to stress shift.


harroue

From Middle English harwe, from Old English *hearwa.


kuddan

Borrowed from Irish cadán (“caddis”), its wings resembles a blanket.


geearth

From Middle English geet, geat, goot, from Old English gāt, from Proto-West Germanic *gait.


Kealeen

Reduced Anglicized from Irish Ó Caollaidhe (“descendant of Caollaidhe”), a personal name based on the adjective caol (“slender, graceful”).


kotlieough

Uncertain. Probably from Middle English cate (“gate”) + liegh (“field”).


knaggee

Fade teil thee zo lournagh, co Joane, zo knaggee?

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 84:

What ails you so melancholy, quoth John, so cross?


bearde

From Middle English berd, from Old English beard, from Proto-West Germanic *bard, from Proto-Germanic *bardaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰeh₂.


haapney

From Middle English hapeni, from Old English halpenige.

A near a haapney to paay a peepeare.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:


knaughaan

Borrowed from Irish cnocán, equivalent to knaugh + -aan.


hardhel

From Middle English hardel, from Old English hyrdel, from Proto-West Germanic *hurdil.


mileare

From Middle English millere, equivalent to mile + -eare.


helbough

From Middle English elbohe, from Old English elnboga, from Proto-Germanic *alinabugô. Cognate with Scots elbuck.


llean

Borrowed from Irish léan (“evil or harm”).

bor+

He at nouth fade t'zey, llean vetch ee man,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 13, page 90:

He that knows what to say, mischief fetch the man,


lickweese

Lickweese mee been deeth in aar heeve.

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 104:


meouth

From Middle English mouth, from Old English mūþ, from Proto-West Germanic *munþ.


lereke

From Middle English lerke, leverock, from Old English lāwerce, from Proto-West Germanic *laiwarikā.


Neleen

a female given name, equivalent to English Nelly


kruck

From Middle English crokke, from Old English crocca, from Proto-West Germanic *kroggō.


mhyne

Chas mhyne weery.


lizure

From Middle English laysure, from Old French leisir, laisir, variants of loisir.


lhawm

From Middle English lamb, lomb, from Old English lamb, from Proto-West Germanic *lamb.


Mureesh

From Middle English Maurice, from Late Latin Mauritius. Compare
also Irish Muiris.

a male given name, equivalent to English Maurice


michty

From Middle English myghty, from Old English mihtig, from Proto-West Germanic *mahtīg.

Mee cuck was liveen michty well,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 102:


keow

From Middle English cou, from Old English cū, from Proto-West Germanic *kō (“cow”).

Dhree brailès o' beanès, an a keow at was yole,

1867, “THE BRIDE'S PORTION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 102:

Three barrels of beans, and a cow that was old,


muthon

From Middle English motoun, from Old French mouton, from Vulgar Latin moltō.


mulke

From Middle English mulke, melke, from Old English melcan, meolcan.

Mulke a beasthes.


heeve

From Middle English hyve, from Old English hȳf, from Proto-West Germanic *hūfi.

A heeve o' been, an dwanty shilleen.

Lickweese mee been deeth in aar heeve.


neape

From Middle English neep, from Old English nǣp, from Latin nāpus.


khuingoke

/kwɪɲɔːˈkiː/


gannt

From Middle English gante, from Old English ganot.


mossaale

From Middle English morsel, from Old French morsel, morsiel, morcel.


measkeen

Either derived from Irish measc (“to mix”) or derived from Middle English mask, maske (“mesh”).

A flat-bottomed basket for straining potatoes.


ooree

A war cowdealeen wi ooree.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 32:

Draugh a ooree, or Draugh a thooree.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 36:

Pa ooree.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 60:


nodhing

From Middle English nothyng, from Old English nāþing.

Aar was nodhing ee-left mot a heade,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:

Mee piggès, mee geearthès, nor nodhing threeve,

Vear'd nodhing mot Portheare. Na skeine e'er ee-waare.

I feared nothing but Porter. No skein I ever wore.


ourzels

Mang ourzels——var wee dwytheth an Irelonde az ure generale haime——

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 14-15:

Unto ourselves——for we look on Ireland to be our common country——


Mondei

From Middle English Monday, from Old English mōnandæġ, from Proto-West Germanic *mānini dag.


loothee

Derived from Middle English lewthe, from Old English hlēowþ.


emothee

Derived from Middle English emot, from Old English ǣmete, from Proto-West Germanic *āmaitijā.

An broughet ee stell, ing a emothee knaghane.

Oore joys all ee-smort ing a emothee knaghane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:

Our joys are all smothered in a pismire-hill.

Twish thee an Tommeen, an ee emothee knaghane.

Betwixt you and Tommy and the pismire-hill.


nickht

From Middle English knict, knikt, from Old English cniht, from Proto-West Germanic *kneht.


zimmer

From Middle English somer, from Old English sumor, from Proto-West Germanic *sumar. Cognates include English summer and Scots simmer.


caushe

From Middle English cauce, from Anglo-Norman caucee (“route, highway”), from Vulgar Latin *calciāta, from either Latin calx (“limestone”) or calciō (“to stamp with the heels, tread”), from calx (“heel”).


cambaute

caam (“crooked”) + bath (“bat”). Original /a/ was lengthened to /ɔː/ when in last stressed syllable.


baskeat

This would point to the slang of the ring, where the breast is called the bread-basket.


abeit

From the Middle English expression al be it (that), itself shortened from althagh it be that (“although it be that”).


w'ouse

Lidge w'ouse an a milagh, tis gaay an louthee:

Lie with us on the clover, 'tis fair and sheltered:


wafur

Th’ weithest all curcagh, wafur, an cornee.

You seem all snappish, uneasy, and fretful.


w'all

Mot w'all aar boust, hi soon was ee-teight

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:

But with all their bravado they were soon taught


baree

Yerstey w'had a baree, gist ing oor hoane,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:

Yesterday we had a goal just in our hand.

Tommeen was lous, an zo was ee baree.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:


erroane

From Middle English erand, from Old English ǣrende, from Proto-West Germanic *ārundī.


baush

Borrowed from Irish bas, bos (“palm of the hand”), from Old Irish bas, bos, from Proto-Celtic *bostā.


lournagh

Derived from Middle English lorn, (past participle of lese, lesen (“to lose, be deprived of; to damn, doom to perdition”)) and Irish -ach.


zitch

From Middle English swich, from Old English swilċ.

Zitch vaperreen, an shimmereen, fan ee-daff ee aar scoth!

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 84:

Such vapouring and glittering when stript in their shirts!

Zitch blakeen, an blayeen, fan ee ball was ee-drowe!

Such bawling and shouting, when the ball was thrown!

Zitch vezzeen, tarvizzeen, 'tell than w'ne'er zey.

Such driving, and struggling, 'till then we ne'er saw.


zaawe

From Middle English sawe, from Old English sagu, from Proto-West Germanic *sagu.


coome

head

coome (simple past caame, past participle ee-cam)

From Middle English comen, from Old English cuman, from Proto-West Germanic *kweman.

Coome to thee met; Coome thee wyse.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:

Duggès an kauddès coome lick up a rhyme,

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 108:

Dogs and cats came to lick up the cream.

A scalte croowe coome an taak aam awye,

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 108:


zough

wee hert ee zough o'ye colure o' pace na name o' Mulgrave.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 8-9:

we heard the distant sound of the wings of the dove of peace, in the word Mulgrave.


zoane

From Middle English sand, from Old English sand, from Proto-West Germanic *samd.


zouth

From Middle English south, from Old English sūþ.

Zouth wyeene.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 79:


zoweare

From Middle English sowere, from Old English sāwere.


yersthei

From Middle English yurstai, from Old English ġierstandæġ.

Ear yersthei.


zound

From Middle English soun, from Anglo-Norman sun, soun, from accusative of Latin sonus.


zweal

From Middle English swelen, from Old English swelan, from Proto-West Germanic *swelan.

Baakhooses an lauckès war aul ee a zweal.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 98:

[Ovens and locks were all in the swale.]


teoun

Yole teoun.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 80:

OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, page 9.

When Mr. Poole wrote his Gazetteer about 1823, the Norrises were still dwelling on their forefathers' teoun.


bandēle

From Middle English bandell, from Old French bendel, bandel, diminutive of bende, bande.


barnaugh

Borrowed from Irish bairneach. Related to English barnacle.

Wode zar; mot, all arkagh var ee barnaugh-blowe,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:

Would serve; but, all eager for the barnagh-stroke,


bawen

Borrowed from Irish bán (“walled enclosure”).


beanès

From Middle English bene, from Old English bēan, from Proto-West Germanic *baunu, from Proto-Germanic *baunō.

Aar was pizzeen, an beanès, an barich amang.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:

There were pease and beans, and barley-mung.

Dhree brailès o' beanès, an a keow at was yole,

1867, “THE BRIDE'S PORTION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 102:

Three barrels of beans, and a cow that was old,


faade

From Middle English waet, from Old English hwæt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwat.

Var faade?

Faade ee-happen'd mee lauthest Gooude Vreedie.

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1:


faade

From Middle English faden, from Old French fader. Cognate with Scots fede.

F. aake, faace, faade, glaade, laace, maake.


bebbereens

From Middle English beveringe, equivalent to bebber + -een + -s. Cognate with English bevering.


benagh

Coordinate term: fungerlagh


belooze

From Middle English belose, plural of belu, belwe, a northern form of bely.


besmorth

From Middle English bi smeored, from Old English besmirwan, besmierwan (“to besmear”).


breal

From Middle English *brylen (“to singe, scorch, attested in bryled”).

inh

to singe, scorch, attested in <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">bryled</i>

Trippeathès an brand-eyrons war ee-brougkt to a big breal.

[Trippets and brandirons were brought to the large fire.]


boouchel

From Middle English bokel, from Old French boucle, from Latin buccula, diminutive of bucca (“cheek”).


buththone

From Middle English button, from Old French boton.


blautheer

From Middle English bladre, from Old English blǣdre, blēdre (“blister, bladder”). Cognate with English blather and Scots blether.


coolaan

Ich woode be pitcht ee kurkeen, ar zippeen, to a coolaan.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 106:

I would be poked into the mow or the stack up to the back of my head.


commaun

Borrowed from Irish camán. By surface analysis, caam (“crooked”) + -án (“Irish noun suffix”).


broan

From Middle English brōnd, brānd, from Old English brand, brond, from Proto-West Germanic *brand.

hoat broan


houghany

Possibly from Middle English hough (“heel”) + -an (“diminutive suffix, from Irish -án”) + -y (“adjective suffix”).

Houghany set.


tyel

From Middle English tayl, from Old English tæġl.

An a priesth o' parieshe on his lhaung-tyel garraane.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94:

And the priest of the parish on his long tail pony.


blauke

From Middle English blaken (“to frighten”), from Old English blācian (“to become pale”).


verilie

From Middle English verily, equivalent to veree + -lie.

an, az wee verilie chote,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, line 3:


buthther

From Middle English butter, from Old English butere, from Proto-West Germanic *buterā. It is a vulgar pronunciation of butter throughout Ireland.

Muskawn of buthther.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 58:


parieshe

From Middle English parisshe, from Old French paroisse, from Late Latin parochia.

An a priesth o parieshe on his garrane baun,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

The priest of the parish on his white pony,


weddeen

From Middle English weddynge, from Old English weddung.

Aar was a weddeen ee Ballymore,

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 77

Chul zing o a weddeen o Paudeen Foughlaan,

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

I'll sing of the wedding of Paddy Coughlan,


Billeen

Billeen Scalaane an hys yola moan,

"Faad thay goul ez upa thee, thou stouk" co Billeen,

"What the divil is on you, you fool?" quoth Billy;

Co Sooney, "Billeen dowst thee zee faads lewer,

Says Alice "Billy, do you see what's yonder?"

'Tus a gearded ee freightened Billeen's yola caule.

'Twas a goat that frightened Billy's old caule (horse).

a male given name, equivalent to English Billy


zeade

From Middle English seed, from Old English sǣd, from Proto-West Germanic *sād.


zeeth

From Middle English *siþe, from Old English sīþ.


zeene

From Middle English sygne, from Old English seġn, from Latin signum (“sign”).


bederup

From Middle English bẹ̄derip, from Old English bedrīp.


betweesk

From Middle English bitwixe, from Old English betweox.


bidaades

Borrowed from English potato, from Spanish patata, itself borrowed from Taíno batata. Cognate with Scots bitatoe.

Aar was bidaades an heereen.


blauyke

Unetymological was influnced by Irish <ái> /aː/ & <ói> /oː/.


lhause

Lhause a dher.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 34:


dezeen

From Middle English doseyne, from Old French dozaine.


dhonal

*don + -el. Related to English dunny (“dummy, an unintelligent person”).


dher

From Middle English dur, from Old English duru, from Proto-West Germanic *dur.

Lhause a dher; Theene a dher.

Tine a dher.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 72:


waare

head

waare (third-person singular simple present weeireth, past participle ee-waare)

weeireth (present singular third-person)
ee-waare (participle past)

From Middle English weren, from Old English werian, from Proto-West Germanic *waʀjan.


brandeyrons

From Middle English brandiren, from Old English brandīren, brandīsen.


brazon

From Middle English brasen, from Old English bræsen.


brough

To his sweethearth, an smack lick a dab of a brough.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 96:

To his sweetheart, and smacked like a slap of a shoe.


burdès

From Middle English burd, from Old English bridd.


buoyren

Possibly cognate with English bullying. Unetymological was influnced by Irish <úi> /uː/.


yarth

Blessed yarth amang meyen.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 56:


butheree

From Middle English *butery; equivalent to buthther + -ee.


Caut

a female given name, equivalent to English Cate


'chas

Ich as (or 'chas) greatly blin.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 26:


'chote

From Middle English ichot, equivalent to 'ch- + 'ote.


'cha

From Middle English ichave; equivalent to 'ch- + have.

Amang wefty jhemes, 'cha jeist ee-rid apan.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:

Among cobwebby scraps, I have just alighted on.


'cham

From Middle English icham, equivalent to 'ch- + am. Cognate with English cham.

'Cham afear'd ich mosth cress a Shanaan,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 104:


'chull

From Middle English ichulle, equivalent to 'ch- + wull. Cognate with English chill.


caulthe

From Middle English callen, from Old English ceallian and Old Norse kalla, both from Proto-Germanic *kalzōną.


awaa

God save ye Kinge, hev awaa ye platter."

1927, “THE FORTH MAN'S GRACE AFTER A SCANTY DINNER”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 137, line 4:

[God save the King, heave away the platter.]


chemis

From Middle English chippe. Original /-p/ was voiced to /-m/ after long /iː/, compare Phielim (“Philip”).


chourle

From Middle English churl, from Old English ċeorl, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz.


coardhed

The past participle of a verb *coardhe, from Irish cuardaigh (“to search”), from Middle Irish cúartaigid.

Coardhed an recoardhed.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


coolecannan

Borrowed from Irish cál ceannann. Cognate to English colcannon.

Maade a nicest coolecannan that e'er ye did zee.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94:

Made the nicest coolecannan that ever you did see.

A mixed dish of winter greens and potatoes, butter and pepper, similar to colcannon.


cozeen

From Middle English cosyn, from Old French cosin (and feminine cosine), inherited from Latin cōnsōbrīnus.


cowdealeen

From unattested Middle English *skodlinge, metathesis of Middle English skoldinge. Initial s- was lost before /kuː/, compare keowe (“shove”).

A war cowdealeen wi ooree.


curneale

From Middle English cornel, from Anglo-Norman cornere.


craueen

Craneen t' thee wee aam, thee luggès shell aake.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:

Choking to thee with them. Thy ears shall ache.


crookeen

From Middle English crokynge. Equivalent to curk + -een.

Y'oure w' thee crookeen, an yie mee thee hoane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 13, page 90:

Give over your crossness, and give me your hand.


curkite

curk (“to squat”) + -ite (“past participle suffix borrowed from Irish”).


curthere

From Middle English quarter, from Anglo-Norman quarter, from Latin quartārius.

Arraugh curthere; Zummer curthere; Harrest curthere; Wonter curthere.


curcagh

curk (“to squat”) + -agh (“from Irish -ach”)

from Irish <i class="Latn mention" lang="ga">-ach</i>

Th’ weithest all curcagh, wafur, an cornee.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 84:

You seem all snappish, uneasy, and fretful.


croowe

From Middle English crowe, from Old English crāwe, from Proto-West Germanic *krāā.

A scalte croowe coome an taak aam awye,

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 108:


cusseraane

Derived from Irish cabhsa + -ron. Compare hamaron.


dansth

A peepeare struck ap; wough dansth aul in a ring;

The piper struck up, we danced all in a ring,


deligkt

From Middle English deliȝt, from Old French delit.


deoune

From Middle English doun, from Old English dūne, aphetic form of adūne, from ofdūne (“off the hill”).


detch

From Middle English thacchen, from Old English þeċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *þakkjan.


dearnt

From Middle English dernen, dærnen, from Old English dyrnan, diernan (“to keep secret, conceal, hide, restrain, repress, hide oneself”), from Proto-West Germanic *darnijan (“to conceal”), from *darnī (“hidden, secret”).

inh

Our eein wode b' mistern t' dearnt up ee skee.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:

Our eyes would be dazzled to look up to the sky.


donel

Ch'am a stouk, an a donel; wou'll leigh out ee dey.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 84:

I am a fool and a dunce; we'll idle out the day.


dhreeve

From Middle English driven, from Old English drīfan, from Proto-West Germanic *drīban.


dhurth

From Middle English durt, from Old Norse drit, from Proto-Germanic *dritą, *dritō (“excrement”).

Aar's dhurth a heighe.


dhunder

From Middle English thonder, from Old English þunor, from Proto-West Germanic *þunr.


dieeght

head

dieeght (past participle ee-deight or deight)

ee-deight (participle past)
deight (participle past)

From Middle English dighten, from Old English dihtan.


drummaun

A girth over the horse's back to keep up the trace, a ridge tie.


drostal

From Middle English throstel, from Old English þrostle, from Proto-West Germanic *þrostlā.


eatheet

From Middle English evetyde (“evening”), from Old English ǣfentīd.


eeeloan

Probably inherited from Middle English ilond, from Old English īeġland, from Proto-West Germanic *auwjuland.
Poole compares it to Irish oileán, but this seems unnecessary. The undiphthongised i-vowel is also found in e.g. eeren (“iron”), neen (“nine”), peepeare (“piper”), and the second syllable is the same as lhoan (“land”), hoane (“hand”).


egast

From Middle English agasten (“to terrify”).


eeth

From Middle English ethe, from Old English īeþe, from Proto-West Germanic *auþī.


errone

At aar errone was var ameing 'ar 'ngish ee-height.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:

That their errand was aiming to bring anguish upon them.


egasted

From Middle English agasted, past participle of agasten (“to terrify”).


eord

From Middle English eorðe, from Old English eorþe, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu.


fagoghes

From Middle English fagot, from Old French fagot.


falsakeen

Borrowed from Irish *fallásaichín, unattested diminutive of fallásach (“fallacious”).

An unprincipled character, a false person.


farragh

From Middle English *farow (found only in the plural faren), from Old English fearh (“piglet”), from Proto-West Germanic *farh.


fardeen

From Middle English farthing, from Old English fēorþung, from Proto-Germanic *fedurþungaz.


fartoo

Huck nigher; y'art scuddeen; fartoo zo hachee?

Come nearer; you're rubbing your back; why so ill tempered?

Well, gosp, c'hull be zeid; mot thee fartoo, an fade;

Well, gossip, it shall be told; you ask what ails me, and for what;


Fearde

The bar of Forth, a dangerous salt water inlet.


falloo

From Middle English falow, from Old English fealg, from Proto-West Germanic *falgu.


feand

From Middle English feend, from Old English fēond, from Proto-Germanic *fijandz.


fardele

From Middle English farendel, from Old English fēorþan dǣl.


fowlès

From Middle English fowel, from Old English fugol, from Proto-West Germanic *fugl.


gaame

* From Middle English game, from Old English gamen, from Proto-West Germanic *gaman.
* From Middle English gamen, from Old English gamenian.

Go gaame abuth Forth, thou unket saalvache.

Go, make game about Forth, thou uncouth sloven.

Risheenearès! Leth aam gaame wee aar barish-amang,

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100:

Snack-eaters! let them game, with their barley-mung.


gandelt

Than stalket, an gandelt, wie o! an gridane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:

Then stalked and wondered, with oh! and with grief.


gandet

Borrowed from Irish gandal, from Old Irish ganndal (“gander”), borrowed from Old English ganra.


garraane

An a priesth o' parieshe on his lhaung-tyel garraane.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94:

And the priest of the parish on his long tail pony.


gaubbach

From Middle English cabache, from Anglo-Norman caboche.


gauntletès

From Middle English gauntelet, from Old French gantelet.


gentrize

Aar gentrize ware bibbern, aamzil cou no stoane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:

Their gentry were quaking, themselves could not stand.


gidhaan

Borrowed from Irish geadán (“bare patch, bottom”).


geinere

From Middle English joynour, from Old French joigneor.


gazb

From Middle English gaspen, from Old Norse geispa.

Come adh o' mee gazb.

Th' ball want a cowlee, the gazb maate all rize;

The ball o'er shot the goal, the dust rose all about;


garrane

An a priesth o parieshe on his garrane baun,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

The priest of the parish on his white pony,

Ee vrieste o' paryshe on a long-tailed garrane.

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 130:

[The priest of parish on a long-tailed pony.]


gnafeen

From Middle English gnaȝen (“to gnaw”), from Old English gnagan, from Proto-West Germanic *gnagan. Compare also Middle English gnaffed.

Gnafeen a beanes.


gozp

From Middle English godzibbe, gossippe, from Old English godsibb.


goounees

From Middle English goodnesse, from Old English gōdnes, from Proto-West Germanic *gōdnassī.


gooude

From Middle English good, from Old English gōd, from Proto-West Germanic *gōd.

A gooude earnough.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 37:

Hea's a gooude lickeen bye; Shea's a gooude lickeen michel.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 54:

He's a good-looking boy; She's a good-looking girl.

Gooude Vreedie.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 76:

Aar was a gooude puddeen maate o bran.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:

An gooude usquebaugh ee-sarith uth in cooanès.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94:

And good whiskey served out in wooden cans.


greash

From Middle English grace, from Old French grace, from Latin grātia. Cognate with Scots grece.

Greash an' goouness.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


grenge

From Middle English grange, from Old French grange, from Gallic Vulgar Latin *grānica.


grieefeth

From Middle English greven, from Old French grever, from Latin gravō, gravāre.


grieend

From Middle English grynden, from Old English grindan, from Proto-West Germanic *grindan.


gring

From Middle English gryne, from Old French groign, from Late Latin grunium, grunia.


greeleen

From Middle English grelyng, equivalent to gry + -leen (“diminutives suffix”).


grynedaane

From Middle English gryndynge, equivalent to grieend + -een.


haddokès

From Middle English had (“head”) + -ok (“diminutive suffix”).

Little heads, imperfectly thrashed heads of corn, left after winnowing.


hatcheat

From Middle English hachet, from Old French hachete.


halluf

Halluf mond.


haail

Haail Maree!


halleef

From Middle English half, from Old English healf, from Proto-West Germanic *halb.


hamaron

From Middle English hameron, equivalent to hamas + -ron.

Doost thou know fidi is a hamaron?


harpleat

From Middle English harplen (“to hobble”) + -eat (“-et”), literally little hobbler. Compare also laupeen (“plover”).


harrm

From Middle English harm, from Old English hearm, from Proto-West Germanic *harm.


heaaven

From Middle English heaven, heoven, from Old English heofon, from Proto-West Germanic *hebun.


harnothes

From hog + Middle English note (“nut”). Cognate with English hognut.


hawlse

From Middle English halsen (“to beseech”), from Old English hālsian, from Proto-West Germanic *hailisōn, *hailasōn, from Proto-Germanic *hailisōną (“to greet”). Compare dialectal English halse (“to beseech”).


hearthilee

Ye be welcome, hearthilee welcome, mee joees,

You are welcome, heartily welcome, my joys,


heiftem

Th' heiftem o' pley vell all ing to lug;

The weight of the play fell into the hollow;


hemust

From Middle English hyndmost, from Old English hindemest, superlative of hindema.


henteen

hent (“to hold”) + -een (“ing”). Compare English holding (“tenure, farm”).


heouse

From Middle English hous, from Old English hūs, from Proto-West Germanic *hūs.


hereen

From Middle English hēring, from Old English hǣring, from Proto-West Germanic *hāring.


hoane

From Middle English hond, from Old English hand, from Proto-West Germanic *handu.

Ryaught hoane.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 46:

Reicht hoane.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 64:

Yerstey w'had a baree, gist ing oor hoane,

Yesterday we had a goal just in our hand.

Y'oure w' thee crookeen, an yie mee thee hoane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 13, page 90:

Give over your crossness, and give me your hand.

Outh o'mee hoane ch'ull no part wi' Wathere.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:

Out of my hand I'll not part with Walter.


hoornta

From Middle English hornd. The unetymological <-a> /-ә/ was inserted to separate consonants.


hungherth

From Middle English hungred, past participle of hungren.


iree

From Middle English ayry, equivalent to aare + -ee.


Jockeen

From Middle English Jackin, Jankin, a popular pet form of Jone.

a male given name, equivalent to English Jacky


hulmogee

/hʊɫmɔːˈɡiː/

Derived from English holm oak + -ee (“suffix to form noun”).


jhemes

Reed jhemes.

Amang wefty jhemes, 'cha jeist ee-rid apan.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:

Among cobwebby scraps, I have just alighted on.


ieen

From Middle English eien, plural of eie, from Old English ēage, from Proto-West Germanic *augā.


jooudge

From Middle English juge, from Old French juge, from Latin iūdex, iūdicem.


kearnt

Cognate with English kerned (“projected”).


kerchure

/kiːˈt͡ʃuːɾ/

From Middle English kercher, from Old French couvrechief.


kaudès

From Middle English kat, katte, from Old English catt, from Proto-West Germanic *kattu.


kimleare

kimmel (“to benumb”) + -eare (agentive suffix)


keowe

From Middle English scove. Initial s- was lost before /kuː/, compare cowdealeen (“scolding”).


kaayle

From Middle English kal, variant of col, from Old English cawel, borrowed from Latin caulis.

Aar was lhaung kaayle an nettles, ee-mixt wee prasaugh buee,

There was long kale and nettles, mingled with yellow-weed,


kishe

Borrowed from Irish cis, ceis (“basket, hamper”).


khimed

From Middle English kemben, from Old English cemban, from Proto-West Germanic *kambijan.


koornt

Koornt vleash.


koaver

From Middle English cofre, from Old French cofre, coffre, from Latin cophinus.


knouth

head

knouth (third-person singular simple present nouth, simple past knew)

nouth (present singular third-person)
knew (past)

From Middle English knowen, from Old English cnāwan, from Proto-West Germanic *knāan. Quotation should be analyzed as knou /nuː/ + Irish th /h/ + em /iːm/. This misspelling shows that these Yola speakers were often acquainted with Irish.

Ich knouth em.


kotch

From Middle English cacchen. Cognate with English cotch.

Mot earch oan to aar die. Ich mosth kotch a bat.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 106:

But every one to his day. I must catch the bat.


kimmelt

From Middle English comeled, past participle of comelen, comblen (“to benumb”), from Old French combler, from Latin cumulō.


laace

From Middle English lace, lase, from Old French las. Cognate with Scots lese.


laaye

From Middle English leyen, from Old English leċġan, from Proto-West Germanic *laggjan.


laane

From Middle English lane, from Old English lanu, from Proto-West Germanic *lanu.


laate

From Middle English late, from Old English læt, from Proto-West Germanic *lat.


lacheate

From Middle English lachet, from Old French lachet.


laupeen

laupe (“to leap”) + -een (“diminutive suffix, borrowed from Irish -ín”), literally little leaper. Compare also harpleat (“sniper”).

suffix

diminutive suffix, borrowed from Irish <i class="Latn mention" lang="ga">-ín</i>

The green plover, leaping or running bird.


leiough

Leiough ut ee die.


lhaungher

From early Middle English lengeren (“to lengthen, extend, stretch”). Equivalent to lhaung + -er (“frequentative verb suffix”).


lethel

From Middle English litel, lettele, from Old English lȳtel, from Proto-West Germanic *lūtil.

Lethel vinger.


lauckeen

An aar was a hundereth lauckeen vowre score.

And there was a hundred, lacking four score;


leeigh

head

leeigh (present participle leeigheen or leigheen or leighen)

leeigheen (participle present)
leigheen (participle present)
leighen (participle present)

From Middle English leighȝen, from Old English hlæhhan, from Proto-West Germanic *hlahhjan.

At skelpearès an slaugheardhès mye leeigh aar oer vill.

That the piglings and pigs may laugh their overfill.


lhoan

From Middle English lond, from Old English land, from Proto-West Germanic *land.

Bloomer's Lhoan

GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY


lhowsaane

From Middle English losynge, equivalent to lhowse + -een. Cognate with English loosing.


lickeen

From Middle English lukynge, equivalent to looke + -een.

looking, or looks in face, or appearance.


lemethès

From Middle English leme + -eth (“-et”). Compare West English libbets (limbets).

A laafe ing lemethès chote wel ta ba zang,

A leaf in tatters, I know well to be sung,


leveen

From Middle English leven, from Old French levain, from Latin levāmen.


lhygt

From Middle English ligt, from Old English lēoht, from Proto-West Germanic *leuht.

Mizluck mye lhygt on Tam Busheare;

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 104:


lhaung

From Middle English long, from Old English lang, from Proto-West Germanic *lang.

Aar was Thieg, an' Joane, an lhaung Jauane,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94:

There was Thadee, and John, and long Joan,

An a priesth o' parieshe on his lhaung-tyel garraane.

And the priest of the parish on his long tail pony.

Wee aar lhaung vlealès an pikkès, to waaite apan a breede.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:

With their long flails and picks, to wait upon the bride.

Lhaung life to Misteare Reedforth an his vamilee,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 104:

Long life to Mister Radford and his family;

Lhaung mye thye live in prosperitee;

A skudhelès, lhaung roosta, wull glaude leth aam what.

The knives, that were long rusty, well-pleased let them whet.


lhose

From Middle English lās, lasse, from Old English lǣs.


liveer

From Middle English liver, comparative form of live (“dear, beloved”).


lownnick

lone (“land”) + -ick (“diminutive suffix”). Literally, little land.


lotherwite

From Middle English lother (“more unpleasant”) + Middle English wite (“punishment”).

inh

Various kinds of heriots paid by the tenants to the lord.


luggès

From Middle English lugge (“pole, stick, staff”).

Craneen t' thee wee aam, thee luggès shell aake.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:

Choking to thee with them. Thy ears shall ache.


luther

From earlier /lɛˈðiː/, from Middle English lether, from Old English leþer, from Proto-West Germanic *leþr, from Proto-Germanic *leþrą. Cognate with English leather (verb).

A plaauge apan Portheare! Hea'de luther me waal,

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 106:

A plague upon Porter, he'd hide me well,


maleet

From Middle English mallet, from Old French maillet, maillot.


maarl

From Middle English marle, from Old French marle, from Late Latin margila.


Marteen

a male given name, equivalent to English Martin


marreet

Hea marreet dear Phielim to his sweet Jauane.

He married dear Phelim to his sweet Joan.


Malcheen

From *Malde (“Matilda”) + -kin (“diminutive suffix”), cognate with English malkin.

suffix

a female given name, equivalent to English Maudie


Margraate

From Middle English Margaret, from Old French Margaret, from Latin Margarita.

a female given name, equivalent to English Margaret


marrough

From Middle English marouȝ, from Old English mearg, from Proto-West Germanic *maʀg.


mault

From Middle English malt, from Old English mealt, from Proto-West Germanic *malt.


maake

head

maake (third-person singular maakes, simple past maate, past participle ee-maate)

maakes (singular third-person)
maate (past)
ee-maate (participle past)

From Middle English maken, from Old English makian, from Proto-West Germanic *makōn. Cognate with Scots meakke.

Maake wye.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 55:

To maake a quingokee.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 50:

To fho shall ich maake mee redress?

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 102:

"Murreen leam, kish am." Ich aam goan maake mee will.

To my grief, I am a big old sow. I am going to make my will,

To maake a kuingokee.

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 108:


Milchare

a male given name, equivalent to English Mitchell


mydhen

From Middle English mayden, from Old English mæġden, from Proto-West Germanic *magadīn.


mithel

From Middle English middel, medil, from Old English middel.


mistern

From Middle English misten, from Old English mistian. Cognate with English misting.

Our eein wode b' mistern t' dearnt up ee skee.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:

Our eyes would be dazzled to look up to the sky.


mizleare

Derived from Middle English misleren (“to misteach”), from Old English mislǣran.


moodher

From Middle English moder, mother, from Old English mōdor.


moulteen

More trolleen, an yalpeen, an moulteen away.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 8, page 86:

More rolling and spewing, and pining away.


mothee

Derived from Middle English mote (“mound, hill”) + -ee (“diminutive suffix”)


Naneen

a female given name, equivalent to English Nanny


mycheare

From Middle English mycher; equivalent to myche + -eare.


multh

From Middle English multe (“be tender, grow compassionate”), from Old English meltan, from Proto-West Germanic *meltan.


naate

From Middle English nete, from Anglo-Norman neit, a variant of Old French net, nette, from Latin nitidus (“gleaming”).


nizterels

From Middle English nesethirl, from Old English næsþȳrel.


noughel

From Middle English knokel, from Old English cnucel, from Proto-West Germanic *knukil.


noucht

From Middle English nought, from Old English nāwiht, from Proto-West Germanic *naiwwiht.


neeghe

nigher (comparative)
neicher (comparative)

From Middle English nighe, from Old English nēah.

Neeghe a heighe thoornes (or thoweares) o' Culpake

1867, OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, page 18:

Hea raan awye del hea caame neeghe Burstheoune.

1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 2-3:

He ran away until he came nigh to Bridgetown.


neeght

From Middle English nyghte, from Old English niht, from Proto-West Germanic *naht.


oananooree

/ɔːnənuːˈɾiː/


parboles

From Middle English parable, from Old French parable, parabole, from Late Latin parabola.


oathès

From Middle English oth (“oath”), from Old English āþ, from Proto-West Germanic *aiþ.


pappee

Derived from Middle English pap, from Old French papa and Medieval Latin papo.


palske

Metathesis of earlier *paskel, from Middle English wastel (“a kind of fine white bread or cake”).

A kind of cake, usually made for weddings.


neow

From Middle English nou, from Old English nū, from Proto-West Germanic *nū.


parcheka

Borrowed from Irish piocthacht (“neatness, spruceness”).


paay

head

paay (simple past paait, past participle ee-pait)

From Middle English payen, from Old French paiier, from Latin pācāre.

A near a haapney to paay a peepeare.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:


peepeare

From Middle English piper, from Old English pīpere.

A near a haapney to paay a peepeare.

A peepeare struck ap; wough dansth aul in a ring;

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 96:

The piper struck up, we danced all in a ring,


kaake

Thou ne'er eighthest buskès, whit palskès, breede-kaake.

Thou never eatedst spiced bread, white palskes, (or) bride-cake.


hornta

Hornta beast.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:


haoleghey

From Middle English hole (“whole”) + Middle English geyfe, gẹ̄ve, gave (“to give, gave”). Literally, to give out meat and oil before Ash Wednesday.


keilt

Hi kinket an keilt, ee vewe aam 'twode snite.

They kicked and rolled, the few that appeared.


lythea

Lythea dug.


milagh

Lidge w'ouse an a milagh, tis gaay an louthee:

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 84:

Lie with us on the clover, 'tis fair and sheltered:


muzleare

Yith Muzleare had ba hole, t'was mee Tommeen,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:

If Good-for-little had been buried, it had been my Tommy,


nypore

From Middle English neypur, from Old English nēahġebūr, from Proto-West Germanic *nāhwagabūrō.


peadher

From Middle English peutre, from Old French peautre, from Vulgar Latin *peltrum (“pewter”).


pilleen

pillion, cloth stuffed as a saddle, and fastened on the horse with a surcingle.


pitheye

From Middle English pite, petie, from Old French pité, from Latin pietas, pietatem.


poage

Zoo wough aul vell a-danceen; earch bye gae a poage

So we all fell a-dancing; each boy gave a kiss


plathearès

From Middle English plater, from Anglo-Norman plater.

Raree met in plathearès, ee-zet in a rooe,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:

There was choice meat in platters, set in a row,


poake

From Middle English poke, from Anglo-Norman poke.

Dhicka poake.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 34:


polm

From Middle English palme, from Old English palm, palma, from Latin palma.


poumgaam

From Middle English pewlynge (“crying plaintively”). The -l- was assimilated by final -m, -n.


Potteran

From Middle English Potter. The genitive suffix -an was inherited from Old English.

Potteran Hullès.


porther

From Middle English porter, from Anglo-Norman porter, portour, from Late Latin portātor, portātōrem.


poustee

From Middle English pouste, from Anglo-Norman pousté and Old French posté, poesté, from Latin potestās, potestāt-.

T' brek up ee bathès h' had na poustee;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:

To break up the goal they had not power;


pulmere

From Middle English poll (“stake”) + mere (“boundary”).

A division of a field held in strips between different occupiers.


pussough

From Middle English pursyf, from Anglo-Norman porsif, from Old French poussif.

A pussough mydhe; Pussough caake.


rasth

From Middle English raste, from Old English ræst, from Proto-West Germanic *rastu.

rest from labour, also the rest or remainder


readeare

From Middle English redere, from Old English rǣdere, from Proto-West Germanic *rādāri; equivalent to reade + -eare.


reeche

From Middle English riche, from Old English rīċe, from Proto-West Germanic *rīkī.


raaye

From Middle English rathe (“quickly, quick”), from Old English hraþe (“quickly”), from Proto-West Germanic *hraþō, *hradō (“quickly”), adverb form of *hraþ, *hrad (“quick”).


reeches

/ɾiːˈt͡ʃiːz/


Baak

A moan vrim a Bearlough an anoor vrim a Baak,

1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 1:

A woman from the Bearlough and another from the Beak,

A well-known townland near Kilmore Quay.


reeshp

From Middle English rispen, compare rasp.


reoue

From Middle English rewe, from Old English rāw.


returnth

From Middle English returnen, from Anglo-Norman returner.

Zoo wough aul returnth hime, contented an gaay,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 96:

So we all returned home, contented and gay,


risheen

An afternoon luncheon, a snack in the evening.


zhiprocke

From Middle English shipwrak, from Old English sċipwræc (“jetsam”), equivalent to zhip + rocke.


robunkshough

/ɾɔːbʊŋkˈʃɔːɡ/

A nasal form from Middle English robuck (“roe deer”) and Middle English schough (“forest”). Compare also kink (“to kick”).


roostha

From Middle English rusty, from Old English rustiġ.


Rubbeen

a male given name, equivalent to English Robin


rooze

From Middle English rousen, from Anglo-Norman reuser, ruser.


ropeare

Possibly from Middle English robbere (“robber”), from Old French robeor.

Ayenst zim vartful ropeare at a rumcht ouse avar.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:

Against some wanton ranter that has raved (at) us before.


saalvache

Go gaame abuth Forth, thou unket saalvache.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:

Go, make game about Forth, thou uncouth sloven.


rothed

From Middle English roten, rotten, from Old English rotian (“to rot, become corrupted, ulcerate, putrefy”), from Proto-West Germanic *rotēn.


scholleare

From Middle English scholer, from Old English scōlere, from Late Latin scholāris.


shaade

From Middle English schade, from Old English sċeadu, from Proto-West Germanic *skadu.


shaadh

From Middle English shede, from Old English sċēaþ, from Proto-West Germanic *skaiþiju.


saaughe

Borrowed from Irish sách (“satisfied”), from Old Irish sáithech, sáthach.

Myne saaughe.

Cambridge University Press
Raymond Hickey


scuddeen

Huck nigher; y'art scuddeen; fartoo zo hachee?

Come nearer; you're rubbing your back; why so ill tempered?


scaul

From Middle English scalled, past participle of Middle English scalden, from Old Northern French escalder (cf. central Old French eschauder, eschalder), from Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”), from Latin ex- (“off, out”) + cal(i)dus (“hot”). Final -t was dropped after long /ɔː/.

der

Scaul hoate.


shaamfasth

From Middle English shamefast, from Old English sċamfæst.


shaaumeless

From Middle English shameles, from Old English sċamlēas.


Shaneen

Heve a dishen an trenshoorès awye, Shaneen;

Heave the dishes and the trenchers away, little John;


shaure

Na speen to be multh, nar flaase to be shaure.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:

no teat to be milked, nor fleece to be shorn.


sheakeare

Borrowed from Irish seangaire (“thin person”).


sheare

From Middle English schere, from Old English scēar, scēr.


sheardhe

From Middle English scherd, from Old English sċeard.

Venie shearde.


shilleen

From Middle English schilling, from Old English scilling.

A heeve o' been, an dwanty shilleen.

1867, “THE BRIDE'S PORTION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 102:


sheck

Borrowed from Irish sioc (“frost”), from Middle Irish sicc.


shederow

From Middle English schiterow, from schite (“diarrhoea”) or schiten (“to defecate”) and an unknown second element (possibly Old English *hrāga, a dissimilatory form of hrāgra (“heron”)).


shor

From Middle English share, from Old English scear (“plowshare”).


shrude

From Middle English schroud, from Old English sċrūd.


skaulès

From Middle English scale, from Old French escale.


shuller

From Middle English schuldre, from Old English sċuldra, from Proto-West Germanic *skuldru.


shullereen

/ˌʃʊləˈɾiːn/

From Middle English schulderyng, equivalent to shuller + -een.

Than caame ee shullereen, ee teap an corkite;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 8, page 86:

Then came the shouldering, tossing, and tumbling;


sippeare

Borrowed from Irish suipéar, from Middle Irish suipér, from Anglo-Norman soper.


skelpearès

Cognate with English skelper (“whopper”).

At skelpearès an slaugheardhès mye leeigh aar oer vill.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 106:

That the piglings and pigs may laugh their overfill.


skleat

From Middle English sclate, from Old French esclate.


skunnaan

Borrowed from Irish scailleagán. The -ll- was assimilated by final -n.


shoorth

From early Middle English scurte, from Old English sċyrte, from Proto-West Germanic *skurtijā.


slendeare

From Middle English sclendre, from Old French esclendre.


skudhelès

Compare West English scottle (“to shear, cut off.”)

A skudhelès, lhaung roosta, wull glaude leth aam what.

The knives, that were long rusty, well-pleased let them whet.


slouk

From Middle English slugge, from Old Norse slókr.


smockeen

From Middle English smokynge, equivalent to smock + -een.


smaale

From Middle English smal, from Old English smæl, from Proto-West Germanic *smal.


slougherdhès

Derived from Irish slogaire (“swallower”), equivalent to slug (“to eat greedily”) + -er.


slouveen

From Middle English sloven, from Middle Flemish sloovin (“a scold”).


smolke

A diminutive from smote (“heavy stroke”).


sneow

From Middle English snow, from Old English snāw, from Proto-West Germanic *snaiw.

Aar's a dole o' sneow apa greound to-die.

1867, “BIT OF DIALOGUE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 111:

There is a deal of snow upon the ground to-day.


sneesheen

Borrowed from Irish snaoisín. Cognate with Scots sneeshin.


spaade

From Middle English spade, from Old English spadu.


speale

From Middle English spelen, from Old English spelian. Cognate with English spell (“to rest from work for a time”).


spourr

From Middle English spourre, from Old English spora.


steout

From Middle English stoute, from Old French estout.


starth

From Middle English starten, from Old English styrtan, from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan.


spraay

From Middle English spray, from Old English *spræg, sprei (found in place names such as that of Spreyton, England), of unknown origin.


sthall

From Middle English stale, from Anglo-Norman estal (“urine”).


stheel

From Middle English stele, from Old English stīele, from Proto-West Germanic *stahlī.


stharm

From Middle English starme, from Old English storm, from Proto-West Germanic *sturm.


sthiers

From Middle English steire, from Old English stǣġer, from Proto-West Germanic *staigri.


sthill

From Middle English stile, stell, from Old English stela, steola.


sthit

From Middle English stud, from Old English stōd.

Pa sthit.


sthole

From Middle English stale, from Old English steall, from Proto-West Germanic *stall.


stheeves

From Middle English staf, from Old English stæf, from Proto-West Germanic *stab.


sthoane

head

sthoane (third-person singular stondeth)

From Middle English stonden, from Old English standan, from Proto-West Germanic *standan.


sthoan

F. broan, eeloan, hoan, loan, sthoan, sthroan.

E. brand, island, hand, land, stand, strand.

Alternative form of sthoane (“to stand”)


stoane

Aamezil cou no stoane.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 32:


sthraught

From Middle English *strāȝed, past participle of strayen.


sthroane

From Middle English stronde, from Old English strand.


stouck

From Middle English stok, from Old English stocc, from Proto-West Germanic *stokk. Cognate with English stock (“one who has little sense”).


straayd

From Middle English strayen, from Old French estraier.


straayart

Mye thee friend ne're waant welcome, nor straayart comfoort.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100:

May thy friend ne'er want welcome, nor the stranger comfort.


streu

From Middle English striven, from Old French estriver.


stuckeen

From Middle English stokkynge, equivalent to stouck + -een.


stuggoone

Borrowed from Irish stagún (“a lazy fellow”).

bor+

Adee! well zide, stuggoone, an thee raste o' graabache.

Ha! well said, (with thy) bad bread, and thy rest of garbage.


surchte

From Middle English serche, from Old French cerche.


streigkt

From Middle English streighte, from Old French estreit, from Latin strictus.


taaste

From Middle English taste, from Old French tast.


taape

An awi gome her egges wi a wheel an car taape,

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

And away went her eggs, with the car overset.


taale

From Middle English tale, from Old English talu, from Proto-West Germanic *talu.


thaare

Thaare was yola Jem Mahony, a noted pipere,

There was old Jem Mahony, a noted piper,


teoune

From Middle English toun, from Old English tūn, from Proto-West Germanic *tūn.


tellgence

/tɛɫˈd͡ʒɛns/

From Middle English intelligence, from Old French intelligence, from Latin intellegentia, intelligentia.


tharvizeen

scolding, contending, tormenting, struggling


thaugkt

From Middle English thought, from Old English þōht.


theene

Theene a dher.


thif

From Middle English syflen, from Old French sifler.


Thieg

Aar was Thieg, an' Joane, an lhaung Jauane,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94:

There was Thadee, and John, and long Joan,

a male given name, equivalent to English Teague


thoome

From Middle English thombe, from Old English þūma, from Proto-West Germanic *þūmō.


Thommeen

a male given name, equivalent to English Tommy


threesh

From Middle English trace, from Old French trace.


thorelucke

From Middle English thurel (“hole”) + -uck (“diminutive suffix”).


thraame

Gooude var nat oan dhing, niether treesh ar thraame;

Good for not one thing; neither for the trace, nor the car.


threeve

From Middle English thryven, from Old Norse þrífa, from Proto-Germanic *þrībaną.

Mee piggès, mee geearthès, nor nodhing threeve,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 104:


Thorsdei

From Middle English Thoresday. Cognate with Scots Forsday.


toowards

From Middle English towardes, from Old English tōweardes, tōwærdes.


trameal

From Middle English tramel, from Anglo-Norman tramel. Literally a person who is as slow as the hopper of a mill.


tolth

From Middle English tolde, talde, from Old English tealde.


toweare

From Middle English towere, from Old English torr, from Latin turris.


treshpass

From Middle English trespas, from Old French trespas.


trenshoorès

From Middle English trenschoure, from Anglo-Norman trenchour.

An neeat wooden trenshoorès var whiter than snow.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:

And neat wooden trenchers far whiter than snow.


trugh

From Middle English thrugh, throgh, from Old English þurh, þorh. Compare W.E. drough.


twish

Twish thee an Tommeen, an ee emothee knaghane.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 13, page 90:

Betwixt you and Tommy and the pismire-hill.


Shad

Thaay paaced awi up to tha Cross o Shad

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 3:

They paced away up to the Cross of the Shad,


t'year

From Middle English toyere, from Old English tō gēare.


tyshe

From Middle English tesen, from Old English tǣsan, from Proto-West Germanic *taisijan.


Tusedei

From Middle English Tewesday, from Old English tiwesdæġ, from Proto-West Germanic *Tīwas dag.


tyght

From Middle English tyght, from Old English *þīht.


udho

From Middle English out o, equivalent to udh + o.


understhoane

From Middle English understanden, from Old English understandan, from Proto-West Germanic *understandan.


udh

From Middle English oute, from Old English ūt.

Udh o' harr.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:

He zide hea'de help mee udh o' hoan

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 104:

A bothom vele udh.

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 108:

Hea took up a lounnick, an knockt udh aar bryne.

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 108:

He took up the churn-dash and knock'd out their brain.


vaapereen

/vɔːpəˈɾiːn/

From Middle English vapourynge; Equivalent to vaaper + -een.


vaaper

From Middle English vapour, from Anglo-Norman vapour, from Latin vapor.


sowere

Mee gude sowere,

1927, “LAMENT OF A WIDOW”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 130, line 7:


vallert

From Middle English value, compare W.E. vallee. Unetymological -t was added to distinguish it from valler (“more”).


vargee

From Middle English forgiven, from Old English forġiefan.


vamilee

From Late Middle English famylye, from Latin familia (“a household”).

Lhaung life to Misteare Reedforth an his vamilee,

Long life to Mister Radford and his family;


vartful

Ayenst zim vartful ropeare at a rumcht ouse avar.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:

Against some wanton ranter that has raved (at) us before.


varreen

A wuf is pa varreen.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 78:


varreet

From Middle English foryeten, from Old English forġietan, from Proto-West Germanic *fragetan.


vearne

From Middle English fern, from Old English fearn, from Proto-West Germanic *farn.


veezer

Fhaade th' veezer.


veree

From Middle English very, from Old French verai, from Early Medieval Latin vērāgus.


vezeeen

fizzing, struggling, contending, driving or striking a ball hard


vethers

From Middle English veþer, from Old English feþer, from Proto-West Germanic *feþru.

Ich zide [a] vethers o' mee cuck,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:


vleal

From Middle English fleyl, from Old English fligel.


villent

From Middle English vilein, from Old French vilein, from Late Latin villanus. Unetymological -t was added to suppress -llen, compare dellen, delleen.


vlock

From Middle English flok, from Old English flocc.


vleash

From Middle English fleesh, flesh, from Old English flǣsċ, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski.

Biletha vleash.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 75:

Koornt vleash.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 51: