איינס

head

איינס • (eyns) n (masculine איינער, feminine איינע)

eyns (romanization)
איינער (masculine)
איינע (feminine)

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *ainatō, the singular neuter form of Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one”).


עץ

עץ • (ets) (accusative ענק, possessive ענקער)

ets (romanization)
ענק (accusative)
ענקער (possessive)

From an unattested form in Old High German, from Proto-West Germanic *jit, from Proto-Germanic *jut. Cognate with Bavarian es, ös.

(Poylish, dialectal) you (second-person plural pronoun)

(Poylish, dialectal) you (formal second-person singular pronoun)


אים

dative/accusative of ער (er): him, to him


עם

(Northeastern) dative/accusative of ער (er): him, to him


מה

״מה אַנו מה חײנו?“

1998, Steven A. Jacobson, quotee, A Guide to the More Common Hebraic Words in Yiddish, Fairbanks, AK, page 99:

“מה בכּך?“


אַנדערע

אַנדערע • (andere)


דאָס

דאָס • (dos)


איך

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare German ich.

I (first-person singular subject pronoun)


וועלך

velkh (romanization)
וועלך (predicative)
וועלכער (masculine nominative)
וועלך (indefinite neuter nominative)
וועלכע (definite neuter nominative)
וועלכס (neuter nominative postpositional)
וועלכע (feminine nominative)
וועלכע (nominative plural)
וועלכן (accusative masculine)
וועלך (accusative indefinite neuter)
וועלכע (accusative definite neuter)
וועלכס (accusative neuter postpositional)
וועלכע (accusative feminine)
וועלכע (accusative plural)
וועלכן (dative masculine)
וועלך (dative indefinite neuter)
וועלכן (dative definite neuter)
וועלכן (dative neuter postpositional)
וועלכער (dative feminine)
וועלכע (dative plural)

From Middle High German welch, from Old High German welih, from Proto-Germanic *hwilīkaz; compare German welcher.


איר

ir (romanization)
איהר (alternative Daytshmerish)

From Middle High German ir, from Old High German ir, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs. Compare German ihr.

(formal) you (second-person singular pronoun)


זיין

זײַן זײַן#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of זײַן (zayn).


ס׳

ס׳רובֿ (s'rov, “most of”)

דאָס דאָס#Yiddish


עס

es (romanization)
סע (alternative common)
ס׳ (alternative contraction)
ס״ (alternative contraction)

From Middle High German ëz, from Old High German iz, from Proto-Germanic *it. Cognate with German es.

it: third-person singular pronoun referring to a non-human


ענק

From unattested forms in Old High German, from inflected forms of Proto-West Germanic *jit, from Proto-Germanic *inkw and *inkwiz, inflected forms of *jut. Cognate with Bavarian enk.


דו

From Middle High German du, from Old High German dū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

you, thou (second-person singular subject pronoun)


ער

From Middle High German er, from Old High German er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ, from Proto-Germanic *iz. Cognate with German er.

he (third-person singular masculine pronoun)


מיר

From Middle High German mir, from Old High German mir, from Proto-Germanic *miz.


מיר

From Middle High German mir (alternative form of wir), by assimilation to a preceding verb from Old High German wir, from Proto-Germanic *wiz. Compare regional German mir, which see for more.


זי

From Old High German siu, from Proto-West Germanic *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī. Cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si) and Old English sēo (“that one (f.)”).

she (third-person singular feminine pronoun)


זיי

Probably from Middle High German siu, a byform of sie (“she, they”), whence Yiddish זי (zi, “she”). Originally siu was nominative feminine and plural neuter, while sie was accusative feminine and plural masculine/feminine. This distinction was lost altogether in Standard German. However, systems that have made sie the feminine form and siu the plural form do exist in certain varieties of Bavarian. The Yiddish outcome of siu should actually be *zay rather than zey, but minor phonetic deviations are not unusual in function words.

they (third-person plural subject pronoun)

dative/accusative of זיי (zey); them, to them


זיך

From Middle High German sich, from Old High German sih, from Proto-Germanic *sik, which see for cognates.
Some German dialects use sich as a general reflexive of the plural. This usage clearly started out from the Middle High German accusative variant unsich (“us, ourselves”), as it is more widespread for the 1st person plural than the 2nd person. However, no dialect seems to allow sich for the 1st and 2nd persons singular. At least this part of the Yiddish development was most likely influenced by descendants of Proto-Slavic *sę, *sebe.

Reflexive pronoun for all persons and numbers: itself, himself, herself, oneself, themselves, myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves.

(Hungarian Yiddish, New York Chassidish) Reflexive pronoun for the third person only: itself, himself, herself, oneself, themselves.

Hungarian Yiddish; New York Chassidish; Hungarian Yiddish; New York Chassidish


וואָס

וואָס • (vos)

From Middle High German waz, from Old High German waz, from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód.


אײַך

accusative/dative of איר (ir): you, yourselves


ווער

ווער • (ver)

From Middle High German wer, from Old High German wer, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ. Cognate with German wer, Dutch wie, English who.

(dialectal, Northeastern) somebody, someone


וועמען

וועמען • (vemen)


אונדז

אונדז • (undz)

ער העלפֿט אונדז.

dative/accusative of מיר (mir); us, to us


וועמענס

וועמענס • (vemens)

whose? (interrogative possessive pronoun)


אַלץ

From Middle High German alles, from Old High German allez, from Proto-West Germanic *all, from Proto-Germanic *allaz. Compare German alles.


גאָרנישט

gornisht (romanization)
גאָרניט (alternative)

desc

גּוּרְנִישְׁט

Hebrew: גּוּרְנִישְׁט (gúrnisht)

גאָר (gor, “fully”) + נישט (nisht, “no”). Compare German gar nicht.


מען

men (romanization)
מע (alternative)
מ׳ (alternative)

one, you, they (stands in for a non-specific entity)


זײַנע

זײַן זײַן#Yiddish

postpositive nominative/accusative feminine singular

זײַן זײַן#Yiddish

inflection of זײַן (zayn):
all-case plural


זייערע

זייער זייער#Yiddish

זייער זייער#Yiddish

inflection of זייער (zeyer):
all-case plural


־ו

בײַ מיר ביסטו שיין, בײַ מיר האָסטו חן

bay mir bistu sheyn, bay mir hostu kheyn

To me, you are beautiful; to me, you have charm

(immediately following a second-person singular present tense verb) alternative form of דו (du, “you”)


וואס

head

וואס • (vos)

וואָס וואָס#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of וואָס (vos).


כ׳

כ׳וויל ניט רעדן מיט אים.


עפּעס

עפּעס • (epes)

From Old High German eddeshwaz (whence German etwas), from edde- + hwaz, with the eventual /-tw-/ assimilating to /-p-/. Compare Luxembourgish eppes, Alemannic German öppis and Pennsylvania German, Rhine Franconian, and Swabian ebbes.


מע

contraction of מען (men), used directly before a verb.


מ׳

contraction of מען (men), used directly before a verb that starts with a vowel.


יעדער

From Middle High German ieweder, from Old High German ioweder. Compare German jeder.


איינער

איינער • (eyner) m (feminine איינע, neuter איינס)

eyner (romanization)
איינע (feminine)
איינס (neuter)
איינער (masculine nominative)
איינס (neuter nominative)
איינע (feminine nominative)
איינעם (accusative masculine)
איינס (accusative neuter)
איינע (accusative feminine)
איינעם (dative masculine)
איינעם (dative neuter)
איינער (dative feminine)


איינע

איינע • (eyne) f (masculine איינער, neuter איינס)

eyne (romanization)
איינער (masculine)
איינס (neuter)


זײַנער

זײַן זײַן#Yiddish

postpositive nominative masculine singular

זײַן זײַן#Yiddish

inflection of זײַן (zayn):
postpositive dative feminine singular


זײַנעם

זײַן זײַן#Yiddish

postpositive accusative/dative masculine singular

זײַן זײַן#Yiddish

inflection of זײַן (zayn):
postpositive dative neuter singular


זייערן

זייער זייער#Yiddish

זייער זייער#Yiddish

inflection of זייער (zeyer):
postpositive dative neuter singular


זייערער

זייער זייער#Yiddish

זייער זייער#Yiddish

inflection of זייער (zeyer):
postpositive dative feminine singular


אירע

אירע • (ire)


אונז

אונז • (unz)

אונדז אונדז#Yiddish


איהר

איהר • (ihr)

(Daytshmerish) alternative spelling of איר (ir)


זייא

זייא • (zey)


קיינער

קיינער • (keyner) (dative-accusative form קיינעם)


קיינעם

קיינער קיינער#Yiddish


אַ פּאָר

אַ פּאָר • (a por)


עמעצער

emetser (romanization)
אימעצער (alternative)
איימעצער (alternative)

Perhaps from Middle High German ieman(d)s, originally genitive of ieman (“somebody”), but since the 15th century also attested as basic form. The suffix -er would have been added by analogy with the pronominal/adjectival declension (as also happened in the oblique cases of cognate German jemand); /n/ was lost by dissimilation.
Alternatively from Middle High German (ich) enweiz wer (“I don’t know who”), a common construction expressing indefiniteness, also reduced to neiz wer. Compare Alemannic German neiwer. For the construction see also Old Norse nǫkkurr and Romanian niște. The /m/ would be due to assimilation of -nw-, but the /ts/ (instead of /s/) is difficult to explain with this approach.


אַלצדינג

altsding (romanization)
אַלדינג (alternative)
אַלצדינגס (alternative)
אַלדינגס (alternative)
אַלסדינג (alternative)
אַלצינקעסדינג (alternative)
אַלדאָסדינג (alternative)
אַלציקעדינג (alternative)
אַלציקעסדינג (alternative)

By surface analysis, אַלץ (alts) + דינג (ding).


יענער

yener (romanization)
יענס (neuter)
יענער (nominative)
יענע (nominative plural)
יענער (accusative)
יענע (accusative plural)
יענער (dative)
יענע (dative plural)
יענער (masculine nominative)
יענערס (neuter nominative)
יענע (feminine nominative)
יענעם (accusative masculine)
יענערס (accusative neuter)
יענע (accusative feminine)
יענעם (dative masculine)
יענעם (dative neuter)
יענער (dative feminine)

From Old High German jenēr. Compare German jener.


עטס

ets (romanization)
ענק (accusative dative)


אַלעס

head

אַלעס • (ales)

אַלץ אַלץ#Yiddish

(dialectal, Poylish) alternative form of אַלץ (alts) (everything)


וועם

וועם • (vem)

וועמען וועמען#Yiddish

alternative form of וועמען (vemen, “whom”)


יענץ

יענער יענער#Yiddish

neuter of יענער (yener): that one; that thing.


יענס

יענער יענער#Yiddish

neuter nominative/accusative singular of יענער (yener): that (thing)


יענע

יענער יענער#Yiddish

feminine nominative/accusative singular postpositive/nominalized

יענער יענער#Yiddish

inflection of יענער (yener):
all cases plural


גאָרניט

גאָרניט • (gornit)

גאָרנישט גאָרנישט#Yiddish


אַיעדער

אַיעדער • (ayeder)

From אַ (a) + יעדער (yeder). Compare German ein jeder.


אַלעמען

אַלעמען • (alemen)

By surface analysis, אַלע (ale) + מען (men). Compare Dutch allemaal.


עטוואָס

head

עטוואָס • (etvos)

Cognate to or derived from German etwas. Ultimately from Old High German eddeshwaz, from edde- + hwaz.


גופֿה

גופֿה • (gufe)

Borrowed from Hebrew גּוּפָה (gufá, “body”)

bor+

די שוועסטער גופֿה האָט געשרײַבט אונדז

self, oneself, myself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves (emphatic)