כלב

kelev (romanization)
klovem (romanization)

כּלבֿ כּלבֿ#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of כּלבֿ (kelev).


משיח

yi-noun

משיח • (moshiekh) m, plural משיחים (meshikhem)

moshiekh (romanization)
meshikhem (romanization)

From Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (mashíakh, “messiah; anointed”).


קבלה

yi-noun

קבלה • (kabole) f, plural קבלות (kaboles)

kabole (romanization)
kaboles (romanization)

From Hebrew קַבָּלָה (kabalá, “something received”).


רב

Mister (a title used with the first name of any male)


רב

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of רבֿ (rov).


ברית

bris (romanization)
brisn (romanization)

Hebrew בְּרִית


מוהל

yi-noun

מוהל • (moyel) m, plural מוהלים (moyelim)

moyel (romanization)
moyelim (romanization)


קדוש

קדוש • (kodesh) m, plural קדושים (kdoyshem)

kodesh (romanization)
kdoyshem (romanization)


מוט

From Middle High German muot, from Old High German muot, from Proto-West Germanic *mōd, from Proto-Germanic *mōdaz. Cognate with German Mut.


שחור

שחור • (shokher) m, plural שחרים (shkhoyrem)

shokher (romanization)
shkhoyrem (romanization)

→ German: schocher

→ Hungarian: sóher (“poor, stingy”)

→ Serbo-Croatian: žȍhār (“cockroach”)

Borrowed from Hebrew שחור /שָׁחֹר (shakhór, “black”).

bor+

שחור//שָׁחֹר


גולם

yi-noun

גולם • (goylem) m, plural גולמס (goylems) or גולמים (goylomem)

goylem (romanization)
goylems (romanization)
goylomem (romanization)

bor

גולם \ גֹּלֶם


פועל

yi-noun

פועל • (poyel) m, plural פועלים (póyalim)

poyel (romanization)
póyalim (romanization)

פּועל פּועל#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of פּועל (poyel).


ים

ים • (yam) m, plural ימים (yamem) or ימען (yamen)

yam (romanization)
yamem (romanization)
yamen (romanization)


מלאך

מלאך • (malekh) m, plural מלאכים (malokhem)

malekh (romanization)
malokhem (romanization)

Borrowed from Hebrew מַלְאָךְ (mal'ákh).


ניקוד

ניקוד • (niked) m, plural נקודות (nikudes)

niked (romanization)
nikudes (romanization)

he-l

ניקוד / נִקּוּד (nikúd)

nikkud, pointing (system of vowel points used in Hebrew script)


יום

(Judaism) A time period from a nightfall until the following nightfall


גלח

yi-noun

גלח • (galekh) m, plural גלחים (galokhem)

galekh (romanization)
galokhem (romanization)

(Christianity) priest (Christian, especially Catholic, and Eastern Orthodox)


טשאָלנט

/ˈt͡ʃɔ.ɫənt/

Likely from Old French chalant, present participle of chaloir (“to heat”), ultimately from Latin calentem. The Eastern Yiddish טש־ (tsh-) form is considered older than the Western Yiddish ש־ (sh-) form.


עתיד

Borrowed from Hebrew עָתִיד (ʿatíd, “future”)


לשון

yi-noun

לשון • (loshn) n, plural לשונות (leshoynes)

loshn (romanization)
leshoynes (romanization)

language (system of communication using words or symbols)


מלכה

malke (romanization)
malkes (romanization)

מלכּה מלכּה#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of מלכּה (malke).


מלך

מלך • (meylekh) m, plural מלכים (melokhem)

meylekh (romanization)
melokhem (romanization)


צײַטונג

צײַטונג • (tsaytung) f, plural צײַטונגען (tsaytungen)

tsaytung (romanization)
tsaytungen (romanization)

/ˈt͡saɪ̯tʊŋɡ/

/ˈt͡saːtɪŋɡ/

From צײַט (tsayt) + ־ונג (-ung). Cognate to German Zeitung.


עקשן

עקשן • (akshn) m, plural עקשנים (akshonim), feminine עקשנטע (akshnte)

akshn (romanization)
akshonim (romanization)
akshnte (romanization)

(derogatory) a stubborn or obstinate person.


רוח

ruekh (romanization)
rukhes (romanization)


רוח

→ German: Reibach


רבי

רבי • (rebe) m, plural רביס (rebes) or רביים (rabeyem)

rebe (romanization)
rebes (romanization)
rabeyem (romanization)
rebn (romanization)

→ English: rebbe

→ Russian: ребе (rebe)

→ Ukrainian: ребе (rebe)

From Hebrew and Aramaic רבי (“rabbi, spiritual teacher”).

bor

איינער האָט ליב דעם רבין און דער אַנדערער די רביצין.

One man loves the rabbi and the other one loves the rebbetzin.

eyner hot lib dem rebn un der anderer di rebetsin.


מים

mayim (romanization)
mayem (romanization)


צוויי

Possibly an alteration of dialectal שטשאַוויי (shtshavey).


פֿיר

gesture of passing the hand over something


בית

→ Alemannic German: Beiz

→ German: Beiz

From Hebrew בֵּית, singular construct form of Hebrew בַּֽיִת.

cog

Hebrew בַּֽיִת

beth (second letter of the Hebrew script)


ייִד

yi-noun

ייִד • (yid) m, plural ייִדן (yidn), diminutive ייִדל (yidl) or ייִדעלע (yidele)

yid (romanization)
yidn (romanization)
yidl (romanization)
yidele (romanization)

→ English: Yid, yid

From Middle High German jüde, jude, from Old High German judeo, judo, a borrowing from Latin iūdaeus, from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaîos), from Hebrew יהודי (yehudí).


אלף

אַלף אַלף#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of אַלף (alef).


שמש

שמשׂ שמשׂ#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of שמשׂ (shames).


שרעק

שרעק • (shrek) m or f, plural שרעקן (shrekn)

shrek (romanization)
shrekn (romanization)

→ English: Shrek

From Middle High German schrecke. Cognate with German Schreck.


מערב

מערבֿ מערבֿ#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of מערבֿ (mayrev).


אלף־בית

אַלף־בית אַלף־בית#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of אַלף־בית (alef-beys).


לשון־קודש

The Hebrew language, often including Aramaic


גנבֿ

גנבֿ • (ganef) m, plural גנבֿים (ganovim), feminine גנבֿטע (ganefte)

ganef (romanization)
ganovim (romanization)
ganefte (romanization)

→ Dutch: gannef

→ English: ganef

→ German: Ganove, Ganeff

→ Lower Sorbian: ganowa

Ashkenazi Hebrew
Medieval Hebrew
Tiberian Hebrew

From Medieval Ashkenazi Hebrew גַּנָּב (gánov, “thief”), from Tiberian Hebrew גַּנָּב (ganốv).

(derogatory) crook, rascal, scoundrel, person who wrongs another


אָב

אָבֿ אָבֿ#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of אָבֿ (ov).


מאָנטיק

מאָנטיק • (montik) m, plural מאָנטיקן (montikn)

montik (romanization)
montikn (romanization)

From Middle High German mōntac, māntac, from Old High German mānotag (9th c.), māntag (12th c.), from Proto-West Germanic *mānini dag (“day of the moon”). Cognate with German Montag.


דינסטיק

yi-noun

דינסטיק • (dinstik) m, plural דינסטיקן (dinstikn)

dinstik (romanization)
dinstikn (romanization)


קו

From Old High German kuo, from Proto-West Germanic *kō.


הײַפֿיש

הײַפֿיש • (hayfish) m, plural הײַפֿיש (hayfish)


שיר

shir (romanization)
shirem (romanization)


עצה

eytse (romanization)
eytses (romanization)

A suggestion, a piece of advice or counsel.


תחת

תּחת תּחת#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of תּחת (tokhes).


בין

From Middle High German bine, from Old High German bini. Compare German Biene.


אחד

Borrowed from Hebrew אֶחָד (ekhád, “one”).


שרץ

yi-noun

שרץ • (sherets) m, plural שרצים (shrotsem)

sherets (romanization)
shrotsem (romanization)


אות

אות • (os) m or n, plural אותיות (oysyes)

זאָגן די אותיות פֿון

to spell (a word) (literally, “name the letters”)


צלם

צלם • (tseylem) m, plural צלמים (tslomem)

tseylem (romanization)
tslomem (romanization)

/ˈt͡sɛɪ̯ɫəm/


מנורה

מנורה • (mnoyre) f, plural מנורות (mnoyres)

mnoyre (romanization)
mnoyres (romanization)


מקום

מקום • (mokem) m, plural מקומות (mekoymes)

mokem (romanization)
mekoymes (romanization)

→ Dutch: Mokum


בהמה

בהמה • (beheyme) f, plural בהמות (beheymes)

beheyme (romanization)
beheymes (romanization)

(derogatory) beast, brute (person who acts in an uncivilised manner)


זכר

Borrowed from Hebrew זכר (zakhár, “male”).


מיאוסקייט

From מיאוס (mies) + ־קייט (-keyt, “-ness”).

a very unattractive or unpleasant person


דגל

degl (romanization)
degolim (romanization)


ריח

yi-noun

ריח • (reyekh, reyakh) m, plural ריחות (reykhes)

reyekh (romanization)
reyakh (romanization)
reykhes (romanization)


צאן

צאָן צאָן#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of צאָן (tson).


לבנה

לבֿנה לבֿנה#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of לבֿנה (levone).


חדר

חדר • (kheyder) m, plural חדרים (khadorim)

kheyder (romanization)
khadorim (romanization)

(education, Judaism) cheder (an elementary school for Jewish children, teaching basic Judaism and Hebrew)


מלוכה

מלוכה • (melukhe) f, plural מלוכות (melukhes)

melukhe (romanization)
melukhes (romanization)

From Hebrew מלוכה (m'lukhá, “kingdom, realm”).


מלחמה

yi-noun

מלחמה • (milkhome) f, plural מלחמות (milkhomes)

milkhome (romanization)
milkhomes (romanization)


חכם

חכם • (khokhem) m, plural חכמים (khakhomem)

khokhem (romanization)
khakhomem (romanization)

→ Dutch: goochem

⇒ German: Pustekuchen


מאכל

מאכל • (maykhl) m or n, plural מאכלים (maykholem)

maykhl (romanization)
maykholem (romanization)

food, meal, dish (specific type of food)


נשמה

נשמה • (neshome) f, plural נשמות (neshomes)

neshome (romanization)
neshomes (romanization)

→ Dutch: nesjomme


יצר

/ˈjɛɪ̯t͡səʁ/

/ˈjeɪ̯t͡səʁ/

/ˈjaɪ̯t͡səʁ/

Borrowed from Hebrew יֵצֶר (yétser, “instinct, urge”)


גנב

ganef (romanization)
ganovem (romanization)

גנבֿ גנבֿ#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of גנבֿ (ganef).


מלאכה

מלאָכה מלאָכה#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of מלאָכה (melokhe).


עולם

oylem (romanization)
oylems (romanization)


עולם

yi-noun

עולם • (oylem) m, plural עולמות (oylemes/oylomes)

oylem (romanization)
oylemes (romanization)
oylomes (romanization)

(in the plural) the heavens, metaphysical spheres


משל

משל • (moshl) n, plural משלים (mesholem)

moshl (romanization)
mesholem (romanization)


שבת

שבת • (shabes) m, plural שבתים (shabosem)

shabes (romanization)
shabosem (romanization)

→ Czech: šábes

→ Dutch: sjabbes

→ English: Shabbos

→ German: Schabbes

→ Hungarian: sábesz

→ Polish: szabas

→ Swedish: shabbes


זשאַרגאָן

head

זשאַרגאָן • (zhargon) m

yi-noun

זשאַרגאָן • (zhargon) m, plural זשאַרגאָנען (zhargonen)

zhargon (romanization)
zhargonen (romanization)

From Russian жаргон (žargon), itself from French jargon.


ירושה

ירושה • (yerushe) f, plural ירושות (yerushes)

yerushe (romanization)
yerushes (romanization)

From Hebrew ירושה / יְרֻשָּׁה.

he-l

ירושה / יְרֻשָּׁה

דאַװידאָװיטש האָט װײַטער איבערגעגעבן די דאָזיקע אינטעלעקטועלע ירושה צו פּראָפֿעסאָר רות װײַס, װעלכע האָט לאַנגע יאָרן פֿאַרנומען די קאַטעדרע פֿאַר ייִדיש אינעם האַרװאַרד־אוניװערסיטעט.

2020 April 24, Mikhail Krutikov, “װי פּאָליטיש זײַנען ייִדישע לימודים?”, in Forverts:

Dawidowicz further passed on the aforementioned ideological inheritance to Professor Ruth Weiss, who for many years occupied the university chair for Yiddish at Harvard University.

davidovitsh hot vayter ibergegebn di dozike intelektuele yerushe tsu profesor rus vays, velkhe hot lange yorn farnumen di katedre far yidish inem harvard-universitet.


פּושקע

A charity box which people put money into for tzedakah.


פֿעלד

yi-noun

פֿעלד • (feld) n, plural פֿעלדער (felder)

feld (romanization)
felder (romanization)

From Middle High German velt, from Old High German feld, from Proto-West Germanic *felþu, from Proto-Germanic *felþą.


שקיעה

שקיעה • (shkie) f, plural שקיעות (shkies)

shkie (romanization)
shkies (romanization)


יסוד

יסוד • (yesod) m, plural יסודות (yesoydes)

yesod (romanization)
yesoydes (romanization)


יולי

yuli (romanization)
yulis (romanization)


אפריל

אַפּריל אַפּריל#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of אַפּריל (april).


יוני

yuni (romanization)
yunis (romanization)


שטח

שטח • (shetekh) m, plural שטחים (shtokhem)

shetekh (romanization)
shtokhem (romanization)


טיפש

טיפש • (tipesh) m, plural טיפשים (tipshim)

tipesh (romanization)
tipshim (romanization)

טיפּש טיפּש#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of טיפּש (tipesh).


שעה

bor

Hebrew שָׁעָה

(time) hour (a unit of time of one twenty-fourth of a day (sixty minutes))


חודש

yi-noun

חודש • (khoydesh) m, plural חדשים (khadoshem)

khoydesh (romanization)
khadoshem (romanization)


אמונה

אמונה • (emune) f, plural אמונות (emunes)

emune (romanization)
emunes (romanization)


ארון

אָרון אָרון#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of אָרון (orn).


טאָג

From Middle High German tag, from Old High German tag, from Proto-West Germanic *dag, from Proto-Germanic *dagaz.


חנוכה

חנוכּה חנוכּה#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of חנוכּה (khaneke).


רגע

רגע • (rege) m or f, plural רגעס (reges)

rege (romanization)
reges (romanization)

moment (brief, unspecified amount of time)


שיקסע

שיקסע • (shikse) f, diminutive שיקסל (shiksl) or שיקסעלע (shiksele)

shikse (romanization)
shiksl (romanization)
shiksele (romanization)

→ Czech: šikse

→ Dutch: sjikse

→ English: shiksa

→ French: shiksa

→ German: Schickse

→ Hungarian: siksze

→ Polish: siksa

→ Russian: ши́кса (šíksa)

→ Spanish: shikse

Probably a contracted feminine form of שייגעץ (sheygets).

(derogatory) a sexually promiscuous gentile woman.


הויז

הויז • (hoyz) n, plural הײַזער (hayzer), diminutive הײַזל (hayzl) or הײַזקע (hayzke)

hoyz (romanization)
hayzer (romanization)
hayzl (romanization)
hayzke (romanization)

From Middle High German hūs, from Old High German hūs (compare German Haus), from Proto-West Germanic *hūs, from Proto-Germanic *hūsą.


רעיון

רעיון • (rayon) m, plural רעיוןות (rayones)

rayon (romanization)
rayones (romanization)


דעה

deye (romanization)
deyes (romanization)

bor

Hebrew דֵּעָה


צענטערס

צענטער צענטער#Yiddish


לענדער

לאַנד לאַנד#Yiddish


העלפֿט

yi-noun

העלפֿט • (helft) f, plural העלפֿטן (helftn)

helft (romanization)
helftn (romanization)


קאָנטינענטן

head

קאָנטינענטן • (kontinentn)

קאָנטינענט קאָנטינענט#Yiddish


מיליאָן

yi-noun

מיליאָן • (milyon) f, plural מיליאָנען (milyonen)

milyon (romanization)
milyonen (romanization)


שפּראַך

שפּראַך • (shprakh) f, plural שפּראַכן (shprakhn)

shprakh (romanization)
shprakhn (romanization)


פֿאָלק

head

פֿאָלק • (folk) n

yi-noun

פֿאָלק • (folk) n, plural פֿעלקער (felker)

folk (romanization)
felker (romanization)

From Middle High German volk, from Old High German folc, from Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁-go-. Compare German Volk. Akin to English folk and Dutch volk.


שפּאַניש

שפּאַניע (shpanye, “Spain”) + ־יש (-ish)


לחיים

yi-noun

לחיים • (lekhayem) m, plural לחיימס (lekhayems)

lekhayem (romanization)
lekhayems (romanization)


פֿויגל

פֿויגל • (foygl) m, plural פֿייגל (feygl) or פֿויגלען (foyglen), diminutive פֿייגעלע (feygele)

foygl (romanization)
feygl (romanization)
foyglen (romanization)
feygele (romanization)

Some Southern dialects, New York Chassidish

From Old High German fogal (compare German Vogel), from Proto-West Germanic *fugl, from Proto-Germanic *fuglaz.


רשע

roshe (romanization)
reshoem (romanization)

bor

Hebrew רָשָׁע (råšåʿ)

ניט אַלע נאַצישע רשעים האָבן באַקומען זייער פאַרדינטע שטראָף

1985, דאס אידישע ווארט, number אייר־סיון תשמ׳׳ה, page 23:

Not all of the Nazi scoundrels have received their deserved punishment.

nit ale natsishe reshoim hobn bakumen zeyer fardinte shtrof

(derogatory) An evil, wicked or bad person.


שמעקל

yi-noun

שמעקל • (shmekl) n, plural שמעקלעך (shmeklekh)

shmekl (romanization)
shmeklekh (romanization)

From שמאָק (shmok, “penis”) + ־ל (-l, diminutive suffix).

suffix

שמאָק שמאָק#Yiddish


לויתן

לוויתן לוויתן#Yiddish

Alternative spelling of לוויתן (levyosn)


תּהום

head

תּהום • (tom) m

yi-noun

תּהום • (tom) m


חמץ

(Judaism) chametz (foods with leavening agents that are forbidden on the Jewish holiday of Passover)


פחד

פחד • (pakhed) m, plural פחדים (pkhodim)

pakhed (romanization)
pkhodim (romanization)

פּחד פּחד#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of פּחד (pakhed, “fear, anxiety”).


ספק

sofek (romanization)
sfeykes (romanization)

ספֿק ספֿק#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of ספֿק (sofek, “doubt”).


זין

From Middle High German sin, from Old High German sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn. Compare German Sinn.


מקווה

מקווה • (mikve) m, plural מיקווות (mikveyes)

mikve (romanization)
mikveyes (romanization)

bor

מִקְוֶה / מקווה

Hebrew מִקְוֶה / מקווה (mikvé)


גבול

gvul (romanization)
gvuln (romanization)


מחנה

yi-noun

מחנה • (makhne) f, plural מחנות (makhnes)

makhne (romanization)
makhnes (romanization)

Borrowed from Hebrew מַחֲנֶה (makhané, “drove”)


קאץ

קאַץ קאַץ#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of קאַץ (kats).


לוח

luekh (romanization)
lukhes (romanization)

From Hebrew לוּחַ (lúach, “board, tablet”).

(Judaism) the Biblical tablets of the Ten Commandments


בחור

yi-noun

בחור • (bokher) m, plural בחורים (bokherem)

bokher (romanization)
bokherem (romanization)

→ Dutch: broger

→ German: Bocher


מיטה

he-m

מיטה / מִטָּה (“bed”)

bed, especially one upon which a corpse is placed


מדבר

yi-noun

מדבר • (midber) m, plural מדבריות (midboryes)

midber (romanization)
midboryes (romanization)


תשובה

תּשובֿה תּשובֿה#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of תּשובֿה (tshuve).


מוות

he-m

מוות / מָוֶת (mávet)


מת

meys (romanization)
meysem (romanization)

Borrowed from Hebrew מֵת (mét, “dead person”).


ממשלה

yi-noun

ממשלה • (memshole) f, plural ממשלות (memsholes)

memshole (romanization)
memsholes (romanization)


חלום

חלום • (kholem) m, plural חלומות (khaloymes)

kholem (romanization)
khaloymes (romanization)


שד

שד • (sheyd) m, plural שדים (sheydem), feminine שידה (sheyde) or שדיכע (sheydikhe)

sheyd (romanization)
sheydem (romanization)
sheyde (romanization)
sheydikhe (romanization)


ביצה

ביצה • (beytse) f, plural ביצים (beytsim)

beytse (romanization)
beytsim (romanization)


תל

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of תּל (tel).


שקר

שקר • (sheker) m, plural שקרים (shkorim)

sheker (romanization)
shkorim (romanization)


נקודה

נקודה • (nekude) f, plural נקודות (nekudes)

nekude (romanization)
nekudes (romanization)

From Hebrew נקודה / נְקֻדָּה (n'kudá, “dot”)

he-m

נקודה / נְקֻדָּה (n'kudá, “dot”)


זמן

yi-noun

זמן • (zman) m, plural זמנים (zmanim) or זמנען (zmanen)

zman (romanization)
zmanim (romanization)
zmanen (romanization)

יעדן זמן אויפֿסניי, חול־המועד סוכות אָדער חול־המועד פּסח, בין איך געווען זייער האָפֿערדיק, וואָס מען האָט מיך גענומען איין מלמד און אָנגעדונגען צו אַן אַנדערן, גלײבנדיק, אַז דער נייער וועט זיין בעסער ווי דער אַלטער.

1946, I.J. Singer, “אַ ייד אַ מלמד פֿאַרגלוסט זיך צו ווערן אַ מלאך אום פּורים און פֿאַרלירט, נעבעך, אַן אויג”, in Fun a velt vos iz nishto mer:

Every term anew, during the intermediary periods of Sukkot and Pesach, I was very confident in being taken from one melamed and given to another, believing the new one would be better than the old.

yedn zman oyfsney, khalemoyed sukus oder khalemoyed peysekh, bin ikh geven zeyer hoferdik, vos men hot mikh genumen eyn melamed un ongedungen tsu an andern, gleybndik, az der nayer vet zeyn beser vi der alter.

term, semester (part of an academic year)


עבודה

עבודה • (avoyde) f, plural עבֿודות (avoydes)

avoyde (romanization)
avoydes (romanization)

bor

Hebrew עֲבוֹדָה


חיים

(especially in the context of religion) life


היי

From Middle High German höuwe, houwe, from Old High German hewi, from Proto-West Germanic *hawi, from Proto-Germanic *hawją; compare German Heu.


קריג

krig (romanization)
krign (romanization)

From Middle High German kriec, from Old High German krig, from Proto-West Germanic *krīg.


תּוך

From Hebrew תּוֹךְ (tókh, “center, inside”).


שער

yi-noun

שער • (sher) f, plural שערן (shern), diminutive שערל (sherl)

sher (romanization)
shern (romanization)
sherl (romanization)


שער

שער • (sher) m, plural שערן (shern), diminutive שערעלע (sherele)

sher (romanization)
shern (romanization)
sherele (romanization)

→ Hebrew: שֶׁר (shér)


שיין

From Middle High German schœne, from Old High German scōni, from Proto-West Germanic *skaunī, from Proto-Germanic *skauniz. Cognate with Central Franconian schön, German schön, Dutch schoon, Danish skøn, Swedish skön English sheen.

שײַן שײַן#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of שײַן (shayn).


ראשון

ראשון • (rishen) m, plural ראשונים (rishoynem)

rishen (romanization)
rishoynem (romanization)

(Judaism) one of the Rishonim, Jewish sages after the Geonim but prior to the Shulchan Aruch


ליצן

ליצן • (leytsn) m, plural ליצנים (leytsonim)

leytsn (romanization)
leytsonim (romanization)


מצב

מצב • (matsev) m, plural מצבים (matsovim)

matsev (romanization)
matsovim (romanization)

מצבֿ מצבֿ#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of מצבֿ (matsev).


מטבע

מטבע • (matbeye) f, plural מטבעות (matbeyes)

matbeye (romanization)
matbeyes (romanization)

From Hebrew מַטְבֵּעַ (matbéa', “coin”).


ברכה

ברכה • (brokhe) f, plural ברכות (brokhes)

brokhe (romanization)
brokhes (romanization)

→ Dutch: brooche

→ English: barches


הצלחה

הצלחה • (hatslokhe) f, plural הצלחות (hatslokhes)

hatslokhe (romanization)
hatslokhes (romanization)

der

Hebrew הַצְלָחָה


מוח

yi-noun

מוח • (moyekh) m, plural מוחות (moykhes)

moyekh (romanization)
moykhes (romanization)

מוח איז אַן אָרגאַן אינעם קאָפּ, וואָס דינט אַלץ דער הויפּט קאָנטראָל צענטער פֿאַרן לעבן.

The brain is an organ in the head that serves as the main control for life.

moyekh iz an organ inem kop, vos dint alts der hoypt kontrol tsenter farn lebn.


חמור

חמור • (khamer) m, plural חמורים (khamoyrim)

khamer (romanization)
khamoyrim (romanization)


באַשלוס

באַשלוס • (bashlus) m, plural באַשלוסן (bashlusn)

bashlus (romanization)
bashlusn (romanization)

By surface analysis, באַ־ (ba-) + שלוס (shlus). Related to באַשליסן (bashlisn). Compare Danish beslutning, Dutch besluit, West Frisian beslút, German Beschluss.


החלטה

yi-noun

החלטה • (hakhlote) f, plural החלטות (hakhlotes)

hakhlote (romanization)
hakhlotes (romanization)


סושי

Ultimately from Japanese 寿司 (sushi), probably via English sushi and possibly other intermediate languages. Compare Belarusian су́шы (súšy), German Sushi, Russian су́ши (súši), Ukrainian су́ші (súši).


גבור

גבור • (giber) m, plural גבורים (geboyrem)

giber (romanization)
geboyrem (romanization)


מזומן

מזומן • (mezumen) m, plural מזומנים (mezumonim, mezumonem)

mezumen (romanization)
mezumonim (romanization)
mezumonem (romanization)


קאפ

קאָפּ קאָפּ#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of קאָפּ (kop).


שטורעם

שטורעם • (shturem) m, plural שטורעמס (shturems)

shturem (romanization)
shturems (romanization)

From Old High German sturm, from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz.


נאַכט

nakht (romanization)
nekht (romanization)

From Middle High German naht, from Old High German naht, from Proto-Germanic *nahts, from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts.

night (period between sundown and sunrise)


פֿאַרגעניגן

פֿאַרגעניגן • (fargenign) m or n, plural פֿאַרגעניגנס (fargenigns)

fargenign (romanization)
fargenigns (romanization)

אײַ, אַ פֿאַרגעניגן איז נאָר רומײניש ווײַן!

1947, Aaron Lebedeff (lyrics and music), “רומעניע, רומעניע [rumenye, rumenye, Roumania, Roumania]” (78 RPM), Broadway, NY: Banner Records, →OCLC, accompanied by Abe Ellstein and his Orchestra:


שיף

שיף • (shif) f, plural שיפֿן (shifn), diminutive שיפֿל (shifl)

shif (romanization)
shifn (romanization)
shifl (romanization)

From Middle High German schif, from Old High German skif.


בטוח

בטוח • (betuekh) m, plural בטוחים (betukhem)

betuekh (romanization)
betukhem (romanization)

Borrowed from Hebrew בָּטוּחַ (baṭúaḥ, “confident”)


נאָמען

yi-noun

נאָמען • (nomen) m, plural נעמען (nemen) or נעמענער (nemener)

nomen (romanization)
nemen (romanization)
nemener (romanization)

From Middle High German name, from Old High German namo, from Proto-West Germanic *namō, from Proto-Germanic *namô, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (“name”). Compare German Name, Namen, Dutch naam, German Low German Naam, English name, West Frisian namme, Danish, Norwegian Bokmål navn, Norwegian Nynorsk, Swedish namn.


סוד

sod (romanization)
soydes (romanization)


בורג

burg (romanization)
burgn (romanization)

From Middle High German burg, from Old High German burg, from Proto-West Germanic *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fortified elevation”). Compare German Burg.


זקן

yi-noun

זקן • (zokn) m, plural זקנים (zkeynem), feminine זקנה (zkeyne), feminine plural זקנות (zkeynes)

zokn (romanization)
zkeynem (romanization)
zkeyne (romanization)
zkeynes (romanization)


שווערד

שווערד • (shverd) f, plural שווערדן (shverdn)

shverd (romanization)
shverdn (romanization)

From Old High German swert, from Proto-West Germanic *swerd, from Proto-Germanic *swerdą.


שפּין

שפּין • (shpin) f, plural שפּינען (shpinen)

shpin (romanization)
shpinen (romanization)

From Middle High German spinne, from Old High German spinna.


יש

Abbreviation of יין שׂרף (yayen soref), from Hebrew יַיִן (yáyin) + שרף.


נחת

From Hebrew נחת (nákhat). The development of the first vowel is irregular, perhaps borrowed at a later date than most of the Hebrew component in Yiddish.

שעפּן נחת

pleasure, satisfaction (especially the pleasure that a parent derives from a child)


זמר

זמר • (zemer) m, diminutive זמרל (zemerl)

zemer (romanization)
zemerl (romanization)


שקל

shekl (romanization)
shkolem (romanization)

shekel (current and ancient coin used in Israel)


פסק

bor

Hebrew פְּסָק


טעם

yi-noun

טעם • (tam) m, plural טעמען (tamen) or טעמים (tamem)

tam (romanization)
tamen (romanization)
tamem (romanization)


מורא

moyre (romanization)
moyres (romanization)


טשאַטשקע

טשאַטשקע • (tshatshke) f, plural טשאַטשקעס (tshatshkes), diminutive טשאַטשקעלע (tshatshkele)

tshatshke (romanization)
tshatshkes (romanization)
tshatshkele (romanization)

English: tchotchke

From a Slavic word such as Russian цацка (cacka, “toy”) or dialectal Polish czaczka.


קרעפלאך

קרעפּלאַך קרעפּלאַך#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of קרעפּלאַך (kreplakh).


קרעפלעך

קרעפּלעך קרעפּלעך#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of קרעפּלעך (kreplekh).


פחדן

פּחדן פּחדן#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of פּחדן (pakhdn).


מכשיר

מכשיר • (makhsher) m, plural מכשירים (makhshirim)

makhsher (romanization)
makhshirim (romanization)

From Medieval Ashkenazi Hebrew מַכְשִׁיר (mákhshir).


בראשית

From Hebrew בְּרֵאשִׁית.

bor

Hebrew בְּרֵאשִׁית


בוך

yi-noun

בוך • (bukh) m or n, plural ביכער (bikher), diminutive ביכל (bikhl)

bukh (romanization)
bikher (romanization)
bikhl (romanization)

From Middle High German buoch, from Old High German buoh, from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.


קאָפּ

head

קאָפּ • (kop) m

yi-noun

קאָפּ • (kop) m, plural קעפּ (kep), diminutive קעפּל (kepl) or קעפּעלע (kepele)

kop (romanization)
kep (romanization)
kepl (romanization)
kepele (romanization)

From Middle High German kopf, from Old High German kopf, from Proto-West Germanic *kopp, from Proto-Germanic *kuppaz; more at German Kopf, English cup.

(literally and figuratively) head (body part)


פּעניס

פּעניס • (penis) m, plural פּעניסן (penisn)

penis (romanization)
penisn (romanization)

yi:מענלעכער איבר


אָקטאָבער

head

אָקטאָבער • (oktober) m

yi-noun

אָקטאָבער • (oktober) m, plural אָקטאָבערס (oktobers)

oktober (romanization)
oktobers (romanization)

yi:אָקטאָבער


פֿאַרטאָג

head

פֿאַרטאָג • (fartog) m

yi-noun

פֿאַרטאָג • (fartog) m, plural פֿאַרטאָגן (fartogn)

fartog (romanization)
fartogn (romanization)


אויגנבליק

אויגנבליק • (oygnblik) m, plural אויגנבליקס (oygnbliks)

oygnblik (romanization)
oygnbliks (romanization)

From אויג (oyg, “eye”) + בליק (blik, “glance, glimpse”). Cognate with German Augenblick, Low German Ogenblick, and English eyeblink.


ביר

yi-noun

ביר • (bir) n, plural בירס (birs) or בירן (birn)

bir (romanization)
birs (romanization)
birn (romanization)

From Middle High German bier, from Old High German bior, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą.


וואַסער

head

וואַסער • (vaser) n

yi-noun

וואַסער • (vaser) n, plural וואַסערן (vasern)

vaser (romanization)
vasern (romanization)

From Middle High German wazzer, from Old High German wazzar, from Proto-West Germanic *watar, from Proto-Germanic *watōr, from Proto-Indo-European *wédōr, collective of *wódr̥. Compare German Wasser.


צוקער

From Middle High German zucker, from Old High German zuckar, from early Italian zucchero, from Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), from Persian شکر (šakar), from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā, “grit, gravel; ground or candied sugar”). Cognate with German Zucker.


ברויט

yi-noun

ברויט • (broyt) n, plural ברויטן (broytn), diminutive ברייטל (breytl)

broyt (romanization)
broytn (romanization)
breytl (romanization)

From Middle High German brōt, from Old High German brōt (compare German Brot), from Proto-West Germanic *braud, from Proto-Germanic *braudą.


במקום

במקום • (bimkem) m, plural במקומס (bimkems)

bimkem (romanization)
bimkems (romanization)


חיה

khaye (romanization)
khayes (romanization)


חייל

חייל • (khayel) n, plural חיילות (khayoles)

khayel (romanization)
khayoles (romanization)


בריאה

brie (romanization)
bries (romanization)

From Hebrew בְּרִיאָה (b'ri'á, “creation”).


נטיה

נטיה • (netiye) f, plural נטיות (netiyes)

netiye (romanization)
netiyes (romanization)


בקשה

בקשה • (bakoshe) f, plural בקשות (bakoshes)

bakoshe (romanization)
bakoshes (romanization)


יצר הרע

יצר־הרע יצר־הרע#Yiddish

Alternative spelling of יצר־הרע (yeytser-hore)


מקור

מקור • (moker) m, plural מקורים (mekoyrem) or מקרים (mokrem)

moker (romanization)
mekoyrem (romanization)
mokrem (romanization)

Borrowed from Hebrew מָקוֹר (makór, “source”)


שירה

shire (romanization)
shirem (romanization)


שורש

yi-noun

שורש • (shoyresh) m, plural שורשים (shorashem)

shoyresh (romanization)
shorashem (romanization)

he-m

שורש / שֹׁרֶשׁ


חתן

yi-noun

חתן • (khosn) m, plural חתנים (khasonem)

khosn (romanization)
khasonem (romanization)

Borrowed from Hebrew חָתָן (khatán, “bridegroom, groom”)


צורה

tsure (romanization)
tsures (romanization)

der

Hebrew צוּרָה


משפחה

משפּחה משפּחה#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of משפּחה (mishpokhe).


התחלה

yi-noun

התחלה • (haskhole) f, plural התחלות (haskholes)

haskhole (romanization)
haskholes (romanization)

From Hebrew הַתְחָלָה (hatkhalá, “start, beginning”)


אחרון

yi-noun

אחרון • (akhren) m, plural אחרונים (akhroynem)

akhren (romanization)
akhroynem (romanization)

אַחרון אַחרון#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of אַחרון (akhren).


שמעקעלע

שמעקעלע • (shmekele) n, plural שמעקעלעך (shmekelekh)

shmekele (romanization)
shmekelekh (romanization)


הירש

הירש • (hirsh) m, plural הירשן (hirshn), feminine הירשין (hirshin)

hirsh (romanization)
hirshn (romanization)
hirshin (romanization)

From Middle High German hirz, from Old High German hiruz, from Proto-West Germanic *herut, from Proto-Germanic *herutaz. Compare German Hirsch.


לייב

leyb (romanization)
leybn (romanization)

From Middle High German lewe, from Old High German leo (both with variants), from Proto-West Germanic *lēwō, from Latin leō.


בער

בער • (ber) m, plural בערן (bern), diminutive בערל (berl) or בערעלע (berele)

ber (romanization)
bern (romanization)
berl (romanization)
berele (romanization)

From Middle High German bër, from Old High German bero. Compare German Bär.


מעל

From Middle High German mel, from Old High German melo, from Proto-Germanic *melwą. Compare German Mehl.


קווייט

From Old Polish kwiet (compare to modern Polish kwiat), from Proto-Slavic *květъ.


בלום

בלום • (blum) f, plural בלומען (blumen), diminutive בלימל (bliml)

blum (romanization)
blumen (romanization)
bliml (romanization)

From Middle High German bluome, from Old High German bluomo, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to blossom, flourish”).


בוים

yi-noun

בוים • (boym) m, plural ביימער (beymer), diminutive ביימל (beyml) or ביימעלע (beymele)

boym (romanization)
beymer (romanization)
beyml (romanization)
beymele (romanization)

From Middle High German boum, from Old High German boum, from Proto-West Germanic *baum, from Proto-Germanic *baumaz. Compare German Baum. Akin to Dutch boom, West Frisian beam, English beam.


הונט

הונט • (hunt) m, plural הינט (hint), diminutive הינטל (hintl) or הינטעלע (hintele)

hunt (romanization)
hintl (romanization)
hintele (romanization)

From Middle High German hunt, from Old High German hunt, from Proto-West Germanic *hund, from Proto-Germanic *hundaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

(derogatory) bitch (disagreeable, aggressive person, usually female)


ביין

ביין • (beyn) m, plural ביינער (beyner), diminutive ביינדל (beyndl)

beyn (romanization)
beyner (romanization)
beyndl (romanization)

From Middle High German bein, from Old High German bein, from Proto-West Germanic *bain, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.


חזיר

חזיר • (khazer) m, plural חזירים (khazeyrem), diminutive חזירל (khazerl)

khazer (romanization)
khazeyrem (romanization)
khazerl (romanization)

→ Dutch: miesgasser


טײַך

taykh (romanization)
taykhn (romanization)

From Middle High German tīch, from Old High German *tīh, from Proto-West Germanic *dīk, from Proto-Germanic *dīkaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ-. Cognate with German Teich (“pond”).


ביט

From Middle High German büte, büten, from Old High German butin, butina, from Latin butina, which is perhaps related to buttis (“barrel, cask”). Compare German Bütte, Bütt. Computing sense derives from English bit.

(computing) bit (the smallest unit of storage in a digital computer, consisting of a binary digit)


תּחת

תּחת • (tokhes) m, plural תּחתער (tekheser), diminutive תּחתל (tekhesl)

tokhes (romanization)
tekheser (romanization)
tekhesl (romanization)

→ Dutch: toges

→ English: toches, tush, tushie

→ German: Toches

→ Spanish: tujes

From Hebrew תַּחַת (tákhat, “buttocks”).


פֿערד

פֿערד • (ferd) n, plural פֿערד (ferd), diminutive פֿערדל (ferdl)

ferd (romanization)
ferdl (romanization)

From Middle High German phert, pherit, pferift (“riding horse”), from Old High German pherit, pfarifrit, parafred, from Late Latin paraverēdus (originally “substitute post horse”). Cognate to German Pferd.


חלב

חלבֿ חלבֿ#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of חלבֿ (kheylev).


פֿיש

פֿיש • (fish) m, plural פֿיש (fish) or פֿישן (fishn)

From Middle High German visch, from Old High German fisk, from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.


טלית

טלית • (tales) m, plural טליתים (taleysim)

tales (romanization)
taleysim (romanization)

bor

Hebrew טַלִּית


מעש

From Middle High German messinc, from Proto-Germanic *masjinga-. Compare German Messing.


ברירה

yi-noun

ברירה • (breyre) f, plural ברירות (breyres)

breyre (romanization)
breyres (romanization)


בעט

בעט • (bet) f or n, plural בעטן (betn), diminutive בעטל (betl)

bet (romanization)
betn (romanization)
betl (romanization)

From Old High German betti, from Proto-Germanic *badją.


שטאָט

שטאָט • (shtot) f, plural שטעט (shtet), diminutive שטעטל (shtetl) or שטעטעלע (shtetele)

shtot (romanization)
shtet (romanization)
shtetl (romanization)
shtetele (romanization)

From Middle High German stat, from Old High German stat, from Proto-West Germanic *stadi, from Proto-Germanic *stadiz, from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂tis.


יאָר

From Old High German jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą.


קורס

kurs (romanization)
kursn (romanization)


שׂכל

From Hebrew שֵׂכֶל (séchel, “intelligence”).


קאָמאַר

head

קאָמאַר • (komar) m

yi-noun

קאָמאַר • (komar) m, plural קאָמאַרן (komarn)

komar (romanization)
komarn (romanization)

From Russian and/or Ukrainian кома́р (komár); possibly also Polish komar although in that case stress would be expected to fall on the first syllable.


קראָקאָדיל

head

קראָקאָדיל • (krokodil) m

yi-noun

קראָקאָדיל • (krokodil) m, plural קראָקאָדילן (krokodiln)

krokodil (romanization)
krokodiln (romanization)


זשאַבע

זשאַבע • (zhabe) f, plural זשאַבעס (zhabes), diminutive זשאַבקע (zhabke)

zhabe (romanization)
zhabes (romanization)
zhabke (romanization)

Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *žaba, probably via Polish żaba and Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian жа́ба (žába).


טשערעפּאַכע

טשערעפּאַכע • (tsherepakhe) f, plural טשערעפּאַכעס (tsherepakhes)

tsherepakhe (romanization)
tsherepakhes (romanization)

/t͡ʃɛʁəˈpaχə/

From Russian and/or Ukrainian черепа́ха (čerepáxa).


יאַשטשערקע

יאַשטשערקע • (yashtsherke) f, plural יאַשטשערקעס (yashtsherkes)

yashtsherke (romanization)
yashtsherkes (romanization)

Borrowed from a Slavic language, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *aščerъka.
Compare Ukrainian я́щірка (jáščirka), Belarusian я́шчарка (jáščarka), Russian я́щерка (jáščerka) and Polish jaszczurka.


קאַטשקע

קאַטשקע • (katshke) f, plural קאַטשקעס (katshkes)

katshke (romanization)
katshkes (romanization)

From Polish kaczka, Belarusian, Russian and/or Ukrainian ка́чка (káčka).


סאָווע

head

סאָווע • (sove) f

yi-noun

סאָווע • (sove) f, plural סאָוועס (soves)

sove (romanization)
soves (romanization)

From Polish sowa, Belarusian сава́ (savá) and/or Ukrainian/Russian сова́ (sová), all from Proto-Slavic *sova.


אָדלער

אָדלער • (odler) m, plural אָדלערס (odlers)

odler (romanization)
odlers (romanization)


מעטשעט

מעטשעט • (metshet) m, plural מעטשעטן (metshetn)

metshet (romanization)
metshetn (romanization)

From Polish meczet, Russian and Ukrainian мече́ть (mečétʹ), from a Turkic language (compare Kazakh мешіт (meşıt), Tatar мәчет (mäçet), Turkish mescit, Turkmen metjit), ultimately from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid).


שפּערל

From Middle High German sperlinc, from Old High German sperili(n)g, derived from sparo.


פּאָפּוגײַ

head

פּאָפּוגײַ • (popugay) m

yi-noun

פּאָפּוגײַען

פּאָפּוגײַ • (popugay) m, plural פּאָפּוגײַען (popugayen)

popugay (romanization)
popugayen (romanization)

Borrowed from Russian попуга́й (popugáj), from Dutch papegaai, from Middle Dutch papegay, from Old French papegai, from Arabic بَبَّغَاء (babbaḡāʔ).


פּראָבע

head

פּראָבע • (probe) f

yi-noun

פּראָבע • (probe) f, plural פּראָבעס (probes)


רעפּעטיציע

רעפּעטיציע • (repetitsye) f, plural רעפּעטיציעס (repetitsyes)

repetitsye (romanization)
repetitsyes (romanization)


האָן

האָן • (hon) m, plural הענער (hener), feminine הון (hun)

hon (romanization)
hener (romanization)
hun (romanization)

From Middle High German hane, from Old High German hano, from Proto-West Germanic *hanō, from Proto-Germanic *hanô.


שניפּס

שניפּס • (shnips) m, plural שניפּסן (shnipsn)

shnips (romanization)
shnipsn (romanization)


קראַוואַט

head

קראַוואַט • (kravat) m

yi-noun

קראַוואַט • (kravat) m, plural קראַוואַטן (kravatn)

kravat (romanization)
kravatn (romanization)


פּראָפֿעסיע

head

פּראָפֿעסיע • (profesye) f

yi-noun

פּראָפֿעסיע • (profesye) f, plural פּראָפֿעסיעס (profesyes)

profesye (romanization)
profesyes (romanization)


ספּעקטאַקל

head

ספּעקטאַקל • (spektakl) m

yi-noun

ספּעקטאַקל • (spektakl) m, plural ספּעקטאַקלען (spektaklen)

spektakl (romanization)
spektaklen (romanization)

Ultimately from Latin spectāculum, likely via German Spektakel, Polish spektakl or Russian спекта́кль (spektáklʹ).


פֿאָרשטעלונג

פֿאָרשטעלונג • (forshtelung) f, plural פֿאָרשטעלונגען (forshtelungen)

forshtelung (romanization)
forshtelungen (romanization)

פֿאָרשטעלן (forshteln, “perform”) + ־ונג (-ung, “-ing”). Compare German Vorstellung (and not Verstellung).


רויז

yi-noun

רויז • (royz) f, plural רויזן (royzn), diminutive רייזל (reyzl) or רייזעלע (reyzele)

royz (romanization)
royzn (romanization)
reyzl (romanization)
reyzele (romanization)

From Old High German rōsa, from Latin rosa.


קויש

קויש • (koysh) m, plural קוישן (koyshn), diminutive קיישל (keyshl)

koysh (romanization)
koyshn (romanization)
keyshl (romanization)

Probably an early borrowing from Slavic, from Proto-Slavic *košь (“basket”). Compare Polish kosz.


געגנט

געגנט • (gegnt) m or f, plural געגנטן (gegntn)

gegnt (romanization)
gegntn (romanization)

From Middle High German gegende, earlier gegenōte, from Old High German geginōti, probably a calque of Old French contree. Cognate with German Gegend.


אַמעריקאַנער

head

אַמעריקאַנער • (amerikaner) m

yi-noun

אַמעריקאַנער • (amerikaner) m, plural אַמעריקאַנערס (amerikaners)

amerikaner (romanization)
amerikaners (romanization)

Ultimately from Latin americānus + ־ער (-er); compare German Amerikaner.


ייִראת־הכּבֿוד

From Hebrew יִרְאַת (yir'át, “awe of”) + הַ־ (ha, “the”) + כָּבוֹד (kavód, “honor”).


לאָפּעטע

head

לאָפּעטע • (lopete) f

yi-noun

לאָפּעטע • (lopete) f, plural לאָפּעטעס (lopetes)

lopete (romanization)
lopetes (romanization)

From a Slavic language; compare Proto-Slavic *lopata (“shovel”) (Polish łopata, Macedonian лопата (lopata), Russian лопа́та (lopáta)).


שפּיל

שפּיל • (shpil) f or n, plural שפּילן (shpiln)

shpil (romanization)
shpiln (romanization)

→ English: spiel

From Middle High German spil, from Old High German spil, from Proto-West Germanic *spil.


אויטאָמאָביל

head

אויטאָמאָביל • (oytomobil) m

yi-noun

אויטאָמאָביל • (oytomobil) m


שטויבמאַשין

שטויבמאַשינען

שטויבמאַשין • (shtoybmashin) f, plural שטויבמאַשינען (shtoybmashinen)

shtoybmashin (romanization)
shtoybmashinen (romanization)

From שטויב (shtoyb, “dust”) + מאַשין (mashin, “machine”).


אויטאָ

head

אויטאָ • (oyto) m

yi-noun

אויטאָ • (oyto) m, plural אויטאָס (oytos)

oyto (romanization)
oytos (romanization)

Clipping of אויטאָמאָביל (oytomobil), probably influenced by English auto.

clipping

אויטאָמאָביל


אַווטאָר

head

אַווטאָר • (avtor) m

yi-noun

אַווטאָר • (avtor) m

אויטאָר אויטאָר#Yiddish

(Daytshmerish) Alternative form of אויטאָר (oytor)


אויטאָר

head

אויטאָר • (oytor) m

yi-noun

אויטאָר • (oytor) m


צוקונפֿט

From Middle High German zuokunft, from Old High German zuochumft. Cognate with German Zukunft.


אַווטאָגראַף

head

אַווטאָגראַף • (avtograf) m

yi-noun

אַווטאָגראַף • (avtograf) m


מאָביל־טעלעפֿאָן

head

מאָביל־טעלעפֿאָן • (mobil-telefon) m

yi-noun

מאָביל־טעלעפֿאָן • (mobil-telefon) m, plural מאָביל־טעלעפֿאָנער (mobil-telefoner)

mobil-telefon (romanization)
mobil-telefoner (romanization)

Borrowed from English mobile telephone (compare טעלעפֿאָן (telefon, “telephone”)).


געזיכט

From Middle High German gesiht, from Old High German gisiht.


בלײַער

בלײַער • (blayer) m, plural בלײַערס (blayers)

blayer (romanization)
blayers (romanization)


אויטאָנאָמיע

head

אויטאָנאָמיע • (oytonomye) f

yi-noun

אויטאָנאָמיעס

אויטאָנאָמיע • (oytonomye) f, plural אויטאָנאָמיעס (oytonomyes)

oytonomye (romanization)
oytonomyes (romanization)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek αὐτονομῐ́ᾱ (autonomĭ́ā, “freedom to use its own laws, independence”), from αὐτόνομος (autónomos, “living under one's own laws, independent”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, “-y, -ia”, nominal suffix).


אויטאָמאַט

head

אויטאָמאַט • (oytomat) m

yi-noun

אויטאָמאַט • (oytomat) m, plural אויטאָמאַטן (oytomatn)

oytomat (romanization)
oytomatn (romanization)

Compare German Automat, ultimately from Ancient Greek αὐτόματος (autómatos, “self-willed, unbidden”).


יאָרצענדלינג

yi-noun

יאָרצענדלינגער

יאָרצענדלינג • (yortsendling) m, plural יאָרצענדלינגער (yortsendlinger)

yortsendling (romanization)
yortsendlinger (romanization)

יאָר (yor, “year”) + צענדלינג (tsendling), from צען (tsen, “ten”). Compare early modern German zehendling (“number of ten”).


ליגן

lign (romanization)
ligns (romanization)

From Middle High German lügene, from Old High German lugina, from Proto-West Germanic *luginu, from the root of *leugan.


הויפּטשטאָט

yi-noun

הויפּטשטאָט • (hoyptshtot) f, plural הויפּטשטעט (hoyptshtet)

hoyptshtot (romanization)
hoyptshtet (romanization)

הויפּט (hoypt, “head; chief”) + שטאָט (shtot, “city”)


פֿאַרגאַנגענהייט

head

פֿאַרגאַנגענהייט • (fargangenheyt) f

yi-noun

פֿאַרגאַנגענהייט • (fargangenheyt) f

/faʁˈɡaŋɡənhɛɪ̯t/

פֿאַרגאַנגען (fargangen, “last”) + ־הייט (-heyt, “-ness”)

suffix

פֿאַרגאַנגען


מאַשין

yi-noun

מאַשין • (mashin) f, plural מאַשינען (mashinen), diminutive מאַשינדל (mashindl) or מאַשינעלע (mashinele)

mashin (romanization)
mashinen (romanization)
mashindl (romanization)
mashinele (romanization)

Borrowed from French machine, from Latin māchina, from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhănā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhănḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”).


טענענבוים

yi-noun

טענענבוים • (tenenboym) m, plural טענענבעמער (tenenbemer)

tenenboym (romanization)
tenenbemer (romanization)

/ˈtɛnənˌbɔɪ̯m/


גרענעץ

גרענעץ • (grenets) m or f, plural גרענעצן (grenetsn)

grenets (romanization)
grenetsn (romanization)

From Middle High German greniz, from Polish granica. Cognate with German Grenze and, more distantly, Czech hranice, Russian граница (granica), etc..


ניטלבוים

ניטלבוים • (nitlboym) m, plural ניטלביימער (nitlbeymer)

nitlboym (romanization)
nitlbeymer (romanization)

ניטל (nitl, “Christmas”) + בוים (boym, “tree”)


סחורה

yi-noun

סחורה • (skhoyre) f, plural סחורות (skhoyres)

skhoyre (romanization)
skhoyres (romanization)

→ Hungarian: szajré


תּאוה

תּאוה • (tayve) f, plural תּאוות (tayves)

tayve (romanization)
tayves (romanization)

תּאווה תּאווה#Yiddish


פּאה

peye (romanization)
peyes (romanization)

der

Hebrew פֵּאָה


ניטל

nitl (romanization)
nitlen (romanization)

Ultimately from Latin nātālis (“birthday [of Christ”), probably via an older form of a Romance language rather than a direct borrowing. Compare בענטשן (bentshn); the semantics and likely dates of several such relatively essential terms being descended from Romance over Germanic suggests Yiddish may have a distant root in Jewish Vulgar Latin dialects, among other sources.


בריוו

yi-noun

בריוו • (briv) m, plural בריוו (briv) or בריוון (brivn), diminutive בריוועלע (brivele)

briv (romanization)
brivn (romanization)
brivele (romanization)

→ English: brifka

From Middle High German brief, from Old High German briaf, from Old French brief (“short letter or statement”), from Latin brevis (“brief, short”). Compare German Brief.


האַס

From Middle High German haz, from Old High German haz, from Proto-West Germanic *hati, from Proto-Germanic *hataz.


ניסן

bor

Hebrew נִיסָן

(Judaism) Nisan (the seventh month of the civil year and the first month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Adar and before Iyar)


טייל

yi-noun

טייל • (teyl) m or f, plural טיילן (teyln), diminutive טיילכל (teylkhl)

teyl (romanization)
teyln (romanization)
teylkhl (romanization)

From Middle High German teil, from Old High German teil, from Proto-West Germanic *daili, from Proto-Germanic *dailiz.


כתר

כּתר כּתר#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of כּתר (keser).


עולים

עולה עולה#Yiddish

plural of עולה (oyle, “immigrant to Israel”)


משוגעת

משוגעת • (meshugas/meshugays) f, plural משוגעתן (meshugas/meshugaysn)

meshugas (romanization)
meshugays (romanization)
meshugaysn (romanization)

desc

→ English: mishegoss, mishegaas, mishegas, mishegass, mishegos, mishigas

From Hebrew משוגעת / מְשֻׁגַּעַת (m'shugá'at).

he-m

משוגעת / מְשֻׁגַּעַת (m'shugá'at)

craziness, madness, nonsense, crazy talk, senseless activity, irrationality


משקה

yi-noun

משקה • (mashke) f, plural משקאות (mashkoes)

mashke (romanization)
mashkoes (romanization)

bor

Hebrew מַשְׁקֶה


בלבול

yi-noun

בלבול • (bilbl, bilbul) m, plural בלבולים (blbulim)

bilbl (romanization)
bilbul (romanization)
blbulim (romanization)


פינגער

פֿינגער פֿינגער#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of פֿינגער (finger).


פֿינגער

פֿינגער • (finger) m, plural פֿינגער (finger)


חלק

חלק • (kheylek) m, plural חלקים (khalokim)

kheylek (romanization)
khalokim (romanization)

(Judaism) helek (a unit of time equal to an eighteenth of a minute (3⅓ seconds))


טעות

טעות • (toes) m or n, plural טעותן (toesn)

toes (romanization)
toesn (romanization)


שפּילקע

שפּילקע • (shpilke) f, plural שפּילקעס (shpilkes)

shpilke (romanization)
shpilkes (romanization)

Borrowed from Polish szpilka, from Italian spilla, from Late Latin spīnula.


מזל

mazl (romanization)
mazoles (romanization)

→ Dutch: mazzel

⇒ German: vermasseln


קול

קול • (kol) n, plural קולער (keler), diminutive קולכל (kelekhl)

kol (romanization)
keler (romanization)
kelekhl (romanization)


קרוב

קרובֿ קרובֿ#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of קרובֿ (korev).


שוואַרצער

שוואַרצער • (shvartser) m, plural שוואַרצער (shvartser)

From the nominative masculine singular form of the adjective שוואַרץ (shvarts, “black”), probably as a calque of the English noun use of black.

(US, offensive, ethnic slur) A black man.


רושם

רושם • (royshem) m, plural רושמס (royshems)

royshem (romanization)
royshems (romanization)

From Hebrew רושם / רֹשֶׁם (róshem, “impression”)


ישיבה

ישיבה • (yeshive) f, plural ישיבות (yeshives)

yeshive (romanization)
yeshives (romanization)

ישיבֿה ישיבֿה#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of ישיבֿה (yeshive).


זונה

zoyne (romanization)
zoynes (romanization)


בריאות

בריאה בריאה#Yiddish


נקודות

nikudes (romanization)
nekudes (romanization)

ניקוד ניקוד#Yiddish

נקודה נקודה#Yiddish


חרם

חרם • (kheyrem) m, plural חרמות (kharomes)

kheyrem (romanization)
kharomes (romanization)

excommunication, expulsion from the Jewish community


ממשלות

ממשלה ממשלה#Yiddish


חלומות

חלום חלום#Yiddish


בקשות

בקשה בקשה#Yiddish


מלאכים

מלאך מלאך#Yiddish


בגד

בגד • (beged) m or n, plural בגדים (bgodim)

beged (romanization)
bgodim (romanization)

bor

Hebrew בֶּגֶד


אדוני

From Hebrew אֲדוֹנִי (adoní, “sir, my lord”).


שאל

yi-noun

שאל • (shal) f, plural שאלן (shaln), diminutive שאליקל (shalikl)

shal (romanization)
shaln (romanization)
shalikl (romanization)

שאַל שאַל#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of שאַל (shal).


סימן

סימן • (simen) m, plural סימנים (simonem)

simen (romanization)
simonem (romanization)

From Hebrew סִימָן (simán), from Ancient Greek σῆμα (sêma).


מבול

מבול • (mabel) m, plural מבולען (mabelen)

mabel (romanization)
mabelen (romanization)


שוועמל

שוועמל • (shveml) n, plural שוועמלעך (shvemlekh)

shveml (romanization)
shvemlekh (romanization)


לעפֿל

From Middle High German leffel (compare German Löffel), from Old High German leffil, attested as earlier ᛚᚨᛈᛖᛚᚨ (lapela), from Proto-West Germanic *lapil.


קישקע

קישקע • (kishke) f, plural קישקעס (kishkes)

kishke (romanization)
kishkes (romanization)

English: kishke, kishka

Hebrew: קישקע

From a Slavic language; compare Polish kiszka, Russian кишка́ (kišká), and Ukrainian ки́шка (kýška). Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *kyša, *kyšьka (“intestine, stomach”). Related to Sanskrit कोष्ठ (koṣṭha, “intestine”) and possibly Ancient Greek κύστις (kústis, “bladder”).

cog

kishke, a traditional Ashkenazic dish made of stuffed beef intestine


אחריות

אַחריות אַחריות#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of אַחריות (akhrayes).


ד״ר

Either a naturally formed shortening or derived from the Hebrew ד״ר.

דאָקטער דאָקטער#Yiddish

Dr., Dr: title used for those with doctoral degrees, including medical doctors; abbreviation of דאָקטער (dokter).


מחבר

yi-noun

מחבר • (mekhaber) m, plural מחברים (mekhabrem), feminine מחברטע (mekhaberte) or מחברין (mekhaberin)

mekhaber (romanization)
mekhabrem (romanization)
mekhaberte (romanization)
mekhaberin (romanization)


ווײַן

ווײַן • (vayn) m, plural ווײַנען (vaynen)

vayn (romanization)
vaynen (romanization)

From Old High German wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn, from Latin vīnum.


קרבן

קרבן • (korbn) m, plural קרבנות (korbones) or קרבנים (korbonim)

korbn (romanization)
korbones (romanization)
korbonim (romanization)


ריס

From Middle High German riss, from Old High German riz, from Proto-Germanic *writiz.


מקומות

מקום מקום#Yiddish


אינדזל

אינדזל • (indzl) m, plural אינדזלען (indzlen)

indzl (romanization)
indzlen (romanization)

From Middle High German insel, from Latin īnsula (“island”). Compare German Insel.


הבטחה

הבטחה • (havtokhe) f, plural הבטחהען (havtokheen)

havtokhe (romanization)
havtokheen (romanization)

der

Hebrew הַבְטָחָה


אויגוסט

From Old High German (compare German August), from Latin augustus.


קרבנות

From Hebrew קָרְבָּנוֹת

bor

Hebrew קָרְבָּנוֹת

קרבן קרבן#Yiddish


חפֿץ

yi-noun

חפֿץ • (kheyfets) m, plural חפֿצים (khfeytsem)

kheyfets (romanization)
khfeytsem (romanization)

/ˈχɛɪ̯fət͡s/


זאַך

zakh (romanization)
zakhn (romanization)

From Middle High German sache, from Old High German sahha, from Proto-West Germanic *saku, from Proto-Germanic *sakō.


קולות

Borrowed from Hebrew קולות (kolót, “voices”)

bor+

commotion, racket (especially a loud one)


דור

dor (romanization)
doyres (romanization)

generation (stage in genealogical succession)


שקרן

yi-noun

שקרן • (shakren) m, plural שקרנים (shakronim)

shakren (romanization)
shakronim (romanization)

bor

Hebrew שַׁקְרָן


פרצוף

yi-noun

פרצוף • (partsef) m, plural פּרצופֿים (partsufem)

partsef (romanization)
partsufem (romanization)


הברה

הברה • (havore) f, plural הבֿרוס (havores)

havore (romanization)
havores (romanization)


מנגן

מנגן • (menagn) m, plural מנגנים (menagnim, menagnem)

menagn (romanization)
menagnim (romanization)
menagnem (romanization)

ער איז אַ קליין מנגן, ער האָט אַ קול פֿון אַ שלײַען

he is a small singer, he has a voice like a tench.

er iz a kleyn menagn, er hot a kol fun a shlayen


מערכה

der

Hebrew מַעֲרָכָה

איך האָב זיך יעמאָלט באַלד פֿאַרגעדענקט, אַז די דאָזיקע וווּנדערלעכע פֿאָרמולירונג פֿון דער סאָציאַלער מערכה פֿון ייִדיש מוז איך ברענגען צו אַ גרויסן עולם.

From that very time I made sure to remember that I must convey this wonderful formulation of the social plight of Yiddish to a large audience.

ikh hob zikh yemolt bald fargedenkt, az di dozike vunderlekhe formulirung fun der sotsyaler marokhe fun yidish muz ikh brengen tsu a groysn oylem.


פֿרײַטיק

yi-noun

פֿרײַטיק • (fraytik) m, plural פֿרײַטיקן (fraytikn)

fraytik (romanization)
fraytikn (romanization)


מיטוואָך

מיטוואָך • (mitvokh) m, plural מיטוואָכן (mitvokhn)

mitvokh (romanization)
mitvokhn (romanization)

Literally "midweek"; compare Low German Middeweek.


דאָנערשטיק

דאָנערשטיק • (donershtik) m, plural דאָנערשטיקן (donershtikn)

donershtik (romanization)
donershtikn (romanization)


זונטיק

זונטיק • (zuntik) m, plural זונטיקן (zuntikn)

zuntik (romanization)
zuntikn (romanization)

From Middle High German sunne(n)tac, sun(n)tac, from Old High German sunnūntag, from late Proto-West Germanic *sunnōn dag (“day of the sun”), a calque of Latin diēs Sōlis. Equivalent to זון (zun) + טאָג (tog), whence the alternate form. For the reduction of ־טאָג (-tog) in compounds to ־טיק (-tik), compare ווייטיק (veytik). Cognate to German Sonntag, Dutch zondag, English Sunday, and so on.


גוי

yi-noun

גוי • (goy) m, plural גױיִם (goyem), feminine גויה (goye)

goy (romanization)
goyem (romanization)
goye (romanization)

→ Dutch: goj

→ English: Goy, goy

→ Esperanto: gojo

→ Russian: гой (goj)

→ Polish: goj

→ Spanish: goy


מעות חטים

(Jewish law) Money collected prior to Passover and distributed to the poor for Passover necessities.


אייזל

אייזל • (eyzl) m, plural אייזלען (eyzlen)

eyzl (romanization)
eyzlen (romanization)

From Middle High German esel, from Old High German esil, from Proto-West Germanic *asil, which is borrowed from Late Latin asellus.


פֿענצטער

פֿענצטער • (fentster) m or n, plural פֿענצטער (fentster)

From Middle High German venster, from Old High German fenstar, from Latin fenestra (“window”).


נצח

נצח • (netsekh) m, plural נצחים (netsokhim)

netsekh (romanization)
netsokhim (romanization)

/ˈneɪ̯t͡səχ/

/ˈnaɪ̯t͡səχ/

/ˈnɛɪ̯t͡səχ/


מילך

From Middle High German milch, from Old High German miluh, from Proto-West Germanic *meluk, from Proto-Germanic *meluks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ-.


נדן

nadn (romanization)
nadns (romanization)


שאלה

שאלה • (shayle) f, plural שאלות (shayles)

shayle (romanization)
shayles (romanization)


הלכה

הלכה • (halokhe) f, plural הלכות (halokhes)

halokhe (romanization)
halokhes (romanization)


מלכות

מלכות • (malkhes) f or n, plural מלכותן (malkhesn)

malkhes (romanization)
malkhesn (romanization)

From Hebrew מַלְכוּת (“monarchy, kingdom”)


הארץ

האַרץ האַרץ#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of האַרץ (harts).


רשימה

רשימה • (reshime) f, plural רשימות (reshimes)

reshime (romanization)
reshimes (romanization)


חדשים

חודש חודש#Yiddish


ווערטערבוך

ווערטערביכער

ווערטערבוך • (verterbukh) n, plural ווערטערביכער (verterbikher)

verterbukh (romanization)
verterbikher (romanization)

ווערטער (verter, “words”) + בוך (bukh, “book”). Compare German Wörterbuch.


אַקטיוויטעט

head

אַקטיוויטעט • (aktivitet) f

yi-noun

אַקטיוויטעט • (aktivitet) f, plural אַקטיוויטעטן (aktivitetn)

aktivitet (romanization)
aktivitetn (romanization)

From German Aktivität, from French activité, from Latin actīvitās.


שמאָק

שמאָק • (shmok) m, plural שמעק (shmek), diminutive שמעקל (shmekl)

shmok (romanization)
shmek (romanization)
shmekl (romanization)

→ English: schmuck

→ German: Schmock

→ Russian: чмо n (čmo)

Uncertain. Possibly from Old Polish smok (“dragon”). Alternatively from the verb Middle High German smucken, archaic German schmucken, which has several meanings respectively allowing different semantic connections: “to squeeze, press, fit into something tight”; “to hug, snuggle, kiss”; “to adorn, decorate”. (The last of these senses is less likely, but compare German Schmuck (“jewellery”) and English crown jewels.)

(offensive, derogatory) dick (a contemptible person)


רעליגיע

רעליגיע • (religye) f, plural רעליגיעס (religyes)

religye (romanization)
religyes (romanization)

אין סאָװעטן־פֿאַרבאַנד איז ייִדיש דערקלערט געװאָרן ווי „די‟ ייִדישע שפּראַך, אַנטקעגן העברעיִש, װאָס איז געװאָרן טריף־פּסול װי די שפּראַך פֿון רעליגיע און ציוניזם.

In the Soviet Union Yiddish was declared to be "the" Jewish language, opposed to Hebrew, which became anathema as the language of religion and Zionism.

in sovetn-farband iz yidish derklert gevorn vi „di‟ yidishe shprakh, antkegn hebreish, vos iz gevorn treyf-posl vi di shprakh fun religye un tsienizm.


טיש

טיש • (tish) m, plural טישן (tishn), diminutive טישל (tishl)

tish (romanization)
tishn (romanization)
tishl (romanization)

English: tish, ooftish

From Old High German tisc, from Proto-West Germanic *disk.


רעגן

From Old High German regan, from Proto-Germanic *regną.

אַבֿרהם רייזען, מאי־קא משמע־לן
מאי־קא משמע־לן דער רעגן?
What does the rain come to teach us?


ווערטער

וואָרט וואָרט#Yiddish


האָניק

From Old High German honeg, from Proto-Germanic *hunagą.


שלאַנג

שלאַנג • (shlang) f, plural שלאַנגען (shlangen), diminutive שלענגל (shlengl)

shlang (romanization)
shlangen (romanization)
shlengl (romanization)

→ English: schlong

From Middle High German slange, from Old High German slango, from Proto-Germanic *slangô, also see German Schlange (snake).


וואָרט

head

וואָרט • (vort) n

yi-noun

וואָרט • (vort) n, plural ווערטער (verter), diminutive ווערטל (vertl)

vort (romanization)
verter (romanization)
vertl (romanization)

From Middle High German wort, from Old High German wort, from Proto-West Germanic *word, from Proto-Germanic *wurdą, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰh₁om. Compare Dutch woord, English word, Danish ord.


שלאָף

From Middle High German slāf, from Old High German slāf, from Proto-West Germanic *slāp, from Proto-Germanic *slēpaz.


חתימה

חתימה • (khsime) f, plural חתימות (khsimes)

khsime (romanization)
khsimes (romanization)


מעדיקאַמענט

מעדיקאַמענט • (medikament) m, plural מעדיקאַמענטן (medikamentn)

medikament (romanization)
medikamentn (romanization)


שפּיגל

שפּיגל • (shpigl) m, plural שפּיגלען (shpiglen)

shpigl (romanization)
shpiglen (romanization)

From Middle High German spiegel, from Old High German spiegal or spēgal, from Medieval Latin speglum, from Latin speculum.


באר

באַר באַר#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of באַר (bar).

באָר באָר#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of באָר (bor).


יידיש

ייִדיש ייִדיש#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of ייִדיש (yidish).


קהילה

קהילה • (kehile) f, plural קהילות (kehiles)

kehile (romanization)
kehiles (romanization)

→ Dutch: kille, kehille

he-m

קהילה / קְהִלָּה (k'hilá)


פֿליגל

yi-noun

פֿליגל • (fligl) m, plural פֿליגלען (fliglen)

fligl (romanization)
fliglen (romanization)

From Middle High German vlügel, borrowed from Old Dutch *flugil, from Proto-Germanic *flugilaz (“wing”). Related to German Flügel.


טראַף

טראַף • (traf) m, plural טראַפֿן (trafn)

traf (romanization)
trafn (romanization)

Possibly ultimately from Arabic طَرَف (ṭaraf), via Romanian taraf and/or Ottoman Turkish طرف (taraf).


יאַרמלקע

יאַרמלקע • (yarmlke) f, plural יאַרמלקעס (yarmlkes)

yarmlke (romanization)
yarmlkes (romanization)

→ Belarusian: ярмо́лка (jarmólka)

→ German: Jarmulke

→ English: yarmulke

→ Russian: ермо́лка (jermólka)

desc

jarmùlka//јарму̀лка

→ Serbo-Croatian: jarmùlka /јарму̀лка

Borrowed from Polish jarmułka (“skullcap”).


לבֿנה

yi-noun

לבֿנה • (levone) f, plural לבֿנות (levones)

levone (romanization)
levones (romanization)


שטערן

שטערן • (shtern) m, plural שטערן (shtern), diminutive שטערנדל (shterndl)

shtern (romanization)
shterndl (romanization)

From Middle High German stërne, stërn, from Old High German sterno, from Proto-Germanic *sternǭ, *sternô, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.


שטערן

שטערן • (shtern) m, plural שטערנס (shterns)

shtern (romanization)
shterns (romanization)

From Middle High German stirne, from Old High German stirna, from Proto-West Germanic *stirniju.


זון

From Middle High German sunne, from Old High German sunna, from Proto-West Germanic *sunnā, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *sh̥₂uén, from *sóh₂wl̥.


זון

זון • (zun) m, plural זין (zin), diminutive זונדל (zundl) or זינדל (zindl)

zun (romanization)
zin (romanization)
zundl (romanization)
zindl (romanization)

From Middle High German sun, from Old High German sunu, from Proto-West Germanic *sunu, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.


בלוט

From Middle High German bluot, from Old High German [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *blōþą, of uncertain origin. Compare German Blut. Cognates include English blood and Dutch bloed.

דאָס ליד געשריבן איז מיט בלוט, און ניט מיט בלײַ

1943, “Zog nit keyn mol”, Hirsh Glick (lyrics):

This song is written with blood and not with lead

dos lid geshribn iz mit blut, un nit mit blay


אָזערע

אָזערע • (ozere) f, plural אָזערעס (ozeres)

ozere (romanization)
ozeres (romanization)

From an East Slavic language (likely Russian о́зеро (ózero) or Ukrainian о́зеро (ózero)), from Old East Slavic озеро (ozero), from Proto-Slavic *ezero.


מוכר־ספֿרים

מוכרי־ספֿרים

מוכר־ספֿרים • (moykher-sforim) m, plural מוכרי־ספֿרים (moykhre-sforim)

moykher-sforim (romanization)
moykhre-sforim (romanization)


אלמנה

אלמנה • (almone) f, plural אלמנות (almones)

almone (romanization)
almones (romanization)

אַלמנה אַלמנה


ביסקוויט

ביסקוויט • (biskvit) m, plural ביסקוויטן (biskvitn), diminutive ביסקוויטל (biskvitl)

biskvit (romanization)
biskvitn (romanization)
biskvitl (romanization)

Borrowed from French biscuit, probably via Polish biskwit and Russian бискви́т (biskvít).


קללה

klole (romanization)
kloles (romanization)


קרובות

קרובֿות קרובֿות#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of קרובֿות (kroyves).


קרובה

קרובֿה קרובֿה#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of קרובֿה (kroyve).


מסורה

מסורה • (mesoyre) f, plural מסורות (mesoyres)

mesoyre (romanization)
mesoyres (romanization)

From Hebrew מָסוֹרָה or מָסֹרֶת (“tradition”).

bor

Hebrew מָסוֹרָה


זכות

yi-noun

זכות • (zkhus) m, plural זכותים (zkhusem)

zkhus (romanization)
zkhusem (romanization)

bor

Hebrew זְכוּת


אַלטער קאַקער

head

אַלטער קאַקער

אַלטער קאַקער • (alter kaker) m

yi-noun

אַלטער קאַקער

אַלטע קאַקערס

אַלטער קאַקער • (alter kaker) m, plural אַלטע קאַקערס (alte kakers)

→ English: alter kaker

(vulgar, idiomatic) old fart, old fogey, geezer


קין

From Old High German kinni, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz.


לשונות

/ɫəˈʃɔɪ̯n̩əs/

לשון לשון#Yiddish


אמונות

אמונה אמונה#Yiddish


תשובות

תּשובֿות תּשובֿות#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of תּשובֿות (tshuves).


ווערב

From French verbe, from Latin verbum (“word”), from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰo-.

(grammar) verb (a word that indicates an action, event, or a state)


דײַטש

דײַטש • (daytsh) m, plural דײַטשן (daytshn)

daytsh (romanization)
daytshn (romanization)

From Middle High German diutsc, from Old High German diutisc, from Proto-West Germanic *þiudisk, from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz (“popular”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂. Doublet of טײַטש (taytsh).


שמיר

shmir (romanization)
shmirn (romanization)

→ English: shmear

Deverbal from שמירן (shmirn). Cognate to German Schmiere. Cognate with German schmieren, English smear.

schmear, the whole package, the entire deal


מכשף

מכשף • (mekhashef) m, plural מכשפֿים (mekhashfim), feminine מכשפֿה (makhesheyfe)

mekhashef (romanization)
mekhashfim (romanization)
makhesheyfe (romanization)

der

Hebrew מְכַשֵּׁף

(mythology, folklore, fantasy) sorcerer, wizard


אפיקומן

אַפֿיקומן אַפֿיקומן#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of אַפֿיקומן (afikoymen).


בייגל

yi-noun

בייגל • (beygl) m, plural בייגל (beygl), diminutive בייגעלע (beygele)

beygl (romanization)
beygele (romanization)

desctree

→ English: bagel
→ Chinese: 貝果 /贝果 (bèiguǒ)
→ Dutch: bagel
→ Finnish: bagel
→ French: bagel
→ German: Bagel
→ Greek: μπέιγκελ (béigkel)
→ Hijazi Arabic: بيقل (bēgil, bēgal)
→ Indonesian: bagel
→ Italian: bagel
→ Japanese: ベーグル (bēguru)
→ Korean: 베이글 (beigeul)
→ Persian: بیگل (beygel)
→ Portuguese: bagel
→ Russian: бейгл (bejgl)
→ Spanish: bagel
→ Thai: เบเกิล (bee-gə̂l)
→ Ukrainian: бейґл (bejgl)

→ Hebrew: בייגל (béigel)

→ Polish: bajgiel

→ Russian: бе́йгель (béjgelʹ)

→ Ukrainian: ба́йґель (bájgelʹ)

Ultimately from Old High German bouc (“ring”). It is probably cognate to, and not derived from, German Bügel (“stirrup”) and archaic spellings like beugel that have historically been used for pastries and bread items.


בייגל

yi-noun

בייגל • (beygl) n, plural בייגלעך (beyglekh)

beygl (romanization)
beyglekh (romanization)

בויגן בויגן#Yiddish


שווא

שוואָ שוואָ#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of שוואָ (shvo).


זומער

זומער • (zumer) m, plural זומערס (zumers) or זומערן (zumern)

zumer (romanization)
zumers (romanization)
zumern (romanization)

From Middle High German sumer, from Old High German sumar, from Proto-West Germanic *sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz.


פֿעברואַר

head

פֿעברואַר • (februar) m

yi-noun

פֿעברואַר • (februar) m


נאָוועמבער

head

נאָוועמבער • (november) m

yi-noun

נאָוועמבער • (november) m, plural נאָוועמבערס (novembers)

november (romanization)
novembers (romanization)

yi:נאוועמבער


דעצעמבער

דעצעמבער • (detsember) m, plural דעצעמבערס (detsembers)

detsember (romanization)
detsembers (romanization)


אַפּריל

head

אַפּריל • (april) m

yi-noun

אַפּריל • (april) m, plural אַפּרילן (apriln)

april (romanization)
apriln (romanization)


יאַנואַר

head

יאַנואַר • (yanuar) m

yi-noun

יאַנואַר • (yanuar) m, plural יאַנואַרן (yanuarn)

yanuar (romanization)
yanuarn (romanization)

From German Januar, from Latin Iānuārius, a relatinized form, which widely replaces older German Jänner from the same Latin source.


מאַרץ

מאַרץ • (marts) m, plural מאַרצן (martsn)

marts (romanization)
martsn (romanization)

From Middle High German merze, from Old High German marzeo, merzo, from Latin martius.


סעפּטעמבער

From Latin september, from septem (“seven”).

yi:סעפּטעמבער


קאָסמאָס

head

קאָסמאָס • (kosmos) m

yi-noun

קאָסמאָס • (kosmos) m

From Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “world, universe”).


גראַמאַטיק

head

גראַמאַטיק • (gramatik) f

yi-noun

גראַמאַטיק • (gramatik) f

From Latin grammatica, from Ancient Greek γραμματική (grammatikḗ).


ווערטערקלאַס

head

ווערטערקלאַס • (verterklas) m

yi-noun

ווערטערקלאַס • (verterklas) m, plural ווערטערקלאַסן (verterklasn)

verterklas (romanization)
verterklasn (romanization)

Compare German Wortklasse, Dutch woordklasse (“word class”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål ordklasse, Swedish ordklass. By surface analysis, ווערטער (verter, “words”) + קלאַס (klas, “class”).


אתרוג

yi-noun

אתרוג • (esreg) m, plural אתרוגים (esroygim)

esreg (romanization)
esroygim (romanization)


שניי

שניי • (shney) m, diminutive שנייעלע (shneyele)

shney (romanization)
shneyele (romanization)

From Middle High German snê, from Old High German snēo, from Proto-West Germanic *snaiw, from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *snóygʷʰos.


קימפּעטאָרין

head

קימפּעטאָרין • (kimpetorin) f

yi-noun

קימפּעטאָרינס

קימפּעטאָרין • (kimpetorin) f, plural קימפּעטאָרינס (kimpetorins)

kimpetorin (romanization)
kimpetorins (romanization)

From קימפּעט (kimpet, “labour, childbirth”) + ־אָר (-or) + ־ין (-in).

suffix

woman in childbirth, woman who has just given birth, new mother


קוגל

yi-noun

קוגל • (kugl) m, plural קוגלן (kugln), diminutive קוגל (kugl) or קוגעלע (kugele)

kugl (romanization)
kugln (romanization)
kugele (romanization)

From Middle High German kugel (“ball; globe”) (modern German Kugel); further etymology uncertain.


קוגל

kugl (romanization)
kugler (romanization)

קוגל קוגל#Yiddish


קניש

yi-noun

קניש • (knish) m, plural קנישעס (knishes)

knish (romanization)
knishes (romanization)

Of Slavic origin, from Polish knysz, Russian кныш (knyš), or Ukrainian книш (knyš).


מוסד

מוסד • (moysed) m, plural מוסדות (moysdes)

moysed (romanization)
moysdes (romanization)


אתרוגים

/ɛsˈʁɔɪ̯ɡəm/

אתרוג אתרוג#Yiddish


צרה

tsore (romanization)
tsores (romanization)

→ Dutch: sores

→ English: tsuris

→ German: Zores, jemandem Saures geben

→ Bavarian: Zores

→ Hungarian: córesz


איבערזעצונג

איבערזעצונג • (iberzetsung) f, plural איבערזעצונגען (iberzetsungen)

iberzetsung (romanization)
iberzetsungen (romanization)

From the verb איבערזעצן (iberzetsn). Compare to German Übersetzung.


הימל

himl (romanization)
himlen (romanization)

From Middle High German himel, from Old High German himil, from Proto-West Germanic *himil, from Proto-Germanic *himinaz by dissimilation.

זאָג ניט קיין מאָל אַז דו גייסט דעם לעצטן וועג,
 כאָטש הימלען בלײַענע פֿאַרשטעלן בלויע טעג;

Never say that you are walking the final road,
 Though leaden skies cover blue days;

zog nit keyn mol az du geyst dem letstn veg,
 khotsh himlen blayene farshteln bloye teg;


קוש

kush (romanization)
kushn (romanization)


רעגנבויגן

From Middle High German regenboge, from Old High German reginbogo.

yi:רעגנבויגן


וואָלף

head

וואָלף • (volf) m

From Old High German wolf, from Proto-West Germanic *wulf, from Proto-Germanic *wulfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.


פֿײַער

yi-noun

פֿײַער • (fayer) m or n, plural פֿײַערן (fayern), diminutive פֿײַערל (fayerl)

fayer (romanization)
fayern (romanization)
fayerl (romanization)

From Old High German fuir, from Proto-Germanic *fōr.


ידיעה

ידיעה • (yedie) f, plural ידיעות (yedies)

yedie (romanization)
yedies (romanization)


דזשעז

דזשאַז דזשאַז#Yiddish


וויין

וויין • (vayn) m, plural וויינען (veynen)

vayn (romanization)
veynen (romanization)

ווײַן ווײַן#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of ווײַן (vayn).


זיצטרין

זיצטרין • (zitstrin) m, plural זיצטרינען (zitsrinen)

zitstrin (romanization)
zitsrinen (romanization)


שלייקעס

Borrowed from Ukrainian шле́йки f pl (šléjky), plural of шле́йка (šléjka), from Polish szlejka, diminutive of szleja (see szelka (“strap, suspender”)).


גאָלדשמיד

yi-noun

גאָלדשמיד • (goldshmid) m, plural גאָלדשמידן (goldshmidn)

goldshmid (romanization)
goldshmidn (romanization)

From גאָלד (gold, “gold”) + שמיד (shmid, “smith, blacksmith”).


ביאַלי

From the Polish city of Białystok (Yiddish ביאַלאָסטאָק (Bialostok)).

cog

ביאַלאָסטאָק


ראַדיאָ

head

ראַדיאָ • (radyo) m

yi-noun

ראַדיאָ • (radyo) m, plural ראַדיאָס (radyos)

radyo (romanization)
radyos (romanization)


שטעכל־חזיר

שטעכל־חזירים

שטעכל־חזיר • (shtekhl-khazer) m, plural שטעכל־חזירים (shtekhl-khazirem)

shtekhl-khazer (romanization)
shtekhl-khazirem (romanization)

From שטעכל (shtekhl) + חזיר (khazer, “pig”).


שופֿר

שופֿר • (shoyfer) m, plural שופֿרות (shoyfres)

shoyfer (romanization)
shoyfres (romanization)


לעבער

לעבער • (leber) f, plural לעבערס (lebers)

leber (romanization)
lebers (romanization)

From Middle High German leber, from Old High German lebara, from Proto-West Germanic *libru, from Proto-Germanic *librō.


אַשכּנזי

אַשכּנזי • (ashkenazi) m, plural אַשכּנזים (ashkenazim)

ashkenazi (romanization)
ashkenazim (romanization)

From Hebrew אַשְׁכְּנַזִּי ('ashkenazí), from אַשְׁכְּנַז ('ashkenaz) + ־ִי (-í).

der

אַשְׁכְּנַזִּי


טאַקסי

yi-noun

טאַקסי • (taksi) m or f, plural טאַקסיס (taksis)

taksi (romanization)
taksis (romanization)

די טאַקסי קומט אין זיבן מינוט אַרום.


וויסקיי

Borrowed from English whiskey, whisky, from Irish uisce beatha and Scottish Gaelic uisge-beatha (literally “water of life”) (compare aquavit, from Latin aqua vītae).


אַקסל

yi-noun

אַקסל • (aksl) m, plural אַקסלען (akslen)

aksl (romanization)
akslen (romanization)

From Proto-Germanic *ahsō (“axle”) (compare English axle, Swedish axel (“axis, axle, shoulder”), Icelandic öxl (“shoulder, ridge”)).


אײַזקרעם

/ˈaɪ̯zˌkʁɛm/

From אײַז (ayz, “ice”) + קרעם (krem, “cream”), likely a calque of German Eiscreme and/or English ice cream.


פֿעפֿער

head

פֿעפֿער • (fefer) m

yi-noun

פֿעפֿער • (fefer) m

From Middle High German pfeffer, from Old High German pfeffar, from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi, “pepper”).


שוך

שוך • (shukh) m, plural שיך (shikh), diminutive שיכל (shikhl)

shukh (romanization)
shikh (romanization)
shikhl (romanization)

From Middle High German schuo, schuoch, from Old High German scuoh (“shoe”), from Proto-West Germanic *skōh. from Proto-Germanic *skōhaz, of unclear etymology; possibly a derivation from *skehaną (“to move quickly”), from Proto-Indo-European *skek- (“to move quickly, jump”). Compare Bavarian Schuach.


פֿלאַש

yi-noun

פֿלאַש • (flash) f, plural פֿלעשער (flesher), diminutive פֿלעשל (fleshl)

flash (romanization)
flesher (romanization)
fleshl (romanization)

From Middle High German vlasche, from Old High German flasca, flaska (“bottle, flask”) (compare German Flasche), from Proto-Germanic *flaskǭ (“bottle”), from *flehtaną (“to plait, braid”), from the practice of plaiting or wrapping bottles in straw casing.


קיניג

yi-noun

קיניג • (kinig) m, plural קיניגן (kinign), feminine קיניגין (kinigin)

kinig (romanization)
kinign (romanization)
kinigin (romanization)

קעניג קעניג#Yiddish


שטיין

שטיין • (shteyn) m, plural שטיינער (shteyner) or שטיין (shteyn)

shteyn (romanization)
shteyner (romanization)

From Old High German stein (compare German Stein), from Proto-Germanic *stainaz (cognate to English stone).


טאָל

טאָל • (tol) m, plural טאָלן (toln) or טעלער (teler)

tol (romanization)
toln (romanization)
teler (romanization)

From Middle High German tal, from Old High German tal, from Proto-West Germanic *dal, from Proto-Germanic *dalą.


הורה

hore (romanization)
hores (romanization)

האָרע האָרע#Yiddish


ראָווער

head

ראָווער • (rover) m

yi-noun

ראָווער • (rover) m


ביציקלעט

ביציקלעט • (bitsiklet) m, plural ביציקלעטן (bitsikletn)

bitsiklet (romanization)
bitsikletn (romanization)


ביציקל

ביציקל • (bitsikl) m, plural ביציקלען (bitsiklen)

bitsikl (romanization)
bitsiklen (romanization)

/bɪˈt͡sɪkɫ̩/


וועלאָסיפּעד

head

וועלאָסיפּעד • (velosiped) m

yi-noun

וועלאָסיפּעד • (velosiped) m, plural וועלאָסיפּעדן (velosipedn)

velosiped (romanization)
velosipedn (romanization)

ווע‧לאָ‧סי‧פּעד

Internationalism, ultimately from French vélocipède.


עולה

oyle (romanization)
oylim (romanization)

From Hebrew עוֹלֶה (olé, “immigrant to Israel”).


עמו

Borrowed from English emu, from Portuguese ema. Compare German Emu, Russian э́му (ému), and so on.

Dromaius novaehollandiae
Dromaius novaehollandiae#Translingual


ליד

From Middle High German liet, from Old High German liod (“song, lay, singing”), from Proto-West Germanic *leuþ (“song”), from Proto-Germanic *leuþą (“song”).


גאָמבע

yi-noun

גאָמבע • (gombe) f, plural גאָמבעס (gombes), diminutive גאָמבקעלע (gombkele)

gombe (romanization)
gombes (romanization)
gombkele (romanization)

Probably borrowed from Polish gęba (“face, gob”) (pronounced /ˈɡɛm.ba/), whence also געמבע (gembe), and most likely a dialectal variant gąba.

אַז די באָרד ברענט איז די גאָמבע קאָכעדיק


שלימיל

→ Dutch: schlemiel

→ English: schlemiel

→ German: Schlemihl

→ Hebrew: שלומיאל (shlumiél)

Unknown. One proposed etymology is that it comes from Hebrew שלא מועיל (“who is not helpful”), though such an etymology would be expected to yield *shloyml or *shlemoyl. Another is that it comes from the Biblical figure Shelumiel ben Tzurishadai, though it is unknown how he would have come to be associated with bungling.


פּאָץ

פּאָץ • (pots) m, plural פּעץ (pets), diminutive פּעצל (petsl) or פּעצעלע (petsele)

pots (romanization)
petsl (romanization)
petsele (romanization)

English: putz

Russian: поц (poc)

Uncertain, probably from Romanian puță (“dick”).

(colloquial, offensive, vulgar) penis, dick, cock

(colloquial, offensive, derogatory) idiot, fool, simpleton, putz


שופר

שופֿר שופֿר#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of שופֿר (shoyfer).


עלף

From English elf, at least partly via German Elf.


סוף

פֿון אָנהייב ביזן סוף


משוגענער

משוגענער • (meshugener) m, feminine משוגענע (meshugene)

meshugener (romanization)
meshugene (romanization)

→ Dutch: mesjoggene

→ English: meshuggener, meshigener

/məˈʃʊɡənəʁ/


בעדער

באָד באָד#Yiddish


שוויצבאָד

שוויצבאָד • (shvitsbod) f, plural שוויצבעדער (shvitsbeder)

shvitsbod (romanization)
shvitsbeder (romanization)

From שוויצן (shvitsn, “to sweat”) + באָד (bod, “bathhouse”).


פֿייגעלע

yi-noun

פֿייגעלע • (feygele) n, plural פֿייגעלעך (feygelekh)

feygele (romanization)
feygelekh (romanization)

desc

→ English: feygele, faygele, faygeleh, feygeleh, fegele, fegeleh, faygelah

פֿויגל (foygl) + ־עלע (-ele) with haplology. Compare German Vögele.

A term of endearment for a loved one, especially a man's wife.


איניציאַטיוון

איניציאַטיוו איניציאַטיוו#Yiddish


היטלעך

היטל היטל#Yiddish


היטל

yi-noun

היטל • (hitl) n, plural היטלעך (hitlekh)

hitl (romanization)
hitlekh (romanization)


באָדהיטל

באָדהיטל • (bodhitl) n, plural באָדהיטלעך (bodhitlekh)

bodhitl (romanization)
bodhitlekh (romanization)


הוט

הוט • (hut) m, plural היט (hit), diminutive היטל (hitl)

From Middle High German huot, from Old High German huot, from Proto-West Germanic *hōd, from Proto-Germanic *hōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to protect”).


מדינה

yi-noun

מדינה • (medine) f, plural מדינות (medines)

medine (romanization)
medines (romanization)

Dutch: mediene


באָדקאָסטום

head

באָדקאָסטום • (bodkostum) m

yi-noun

באָדקאָסטום • (bodkostum) m, plural באָדקאָסטומען (bodkostumen)

bodkostum (romanization)
bodkostumen (romanization)


וווּרשטל

וווּרשטל • (vurshtl) n, plural וווּרשטלעך (vurshtlekh)

vurshtl (romanization)
vurshtlekh (romanization)

From וווּרשט (vursht, “sausage”) + ־ל (-l).


אַרבעס

אַרבעס • (arbes) m, plural אַרבעס (arbes)

From Middle High German erbeiz, from Old High German arawīz, from Proto-West Germanic *arwīt, from Proto-Germanic *arwīts (“pea”).


פֿוקס

fuks (romanization)
fuksn (romanization)

From Middle High German vuhs, rom Old High German fuhs, from Proto-West Germanic *fuhs, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *púḱsos, from *pewk- (“thick-haired”).


וווּרשט

וווּרשט • (vursht) m or f, plural וווּרשטן (vurshtn), diminutive וווּרשטל (vurshtl)

vursht (romanization)
vurshtn (romanization)
vurshtl (romanization)

From Middle High German wurst, from Old High German wurst, from Proto-West Germanic *wursti.


עפּל

עפּל • (epl) m, plural עפּל (epl), diminutive עפּעלע (epele)

From Middle High German apfel, from Old High German apful, from Proto-West Germanic *applu, from Proto-Germanic *aplaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl.


פֿערשקע

פֿערשקע • (fershke) f, plural פֿערשקעס (fershkes)

fershke (romanization)
fershkes (romanization)

From Middle High German pfersich, from Old High German phersih, early borrowing (before C.E. 700) from Medieval Latin persica (“peach (fruit)”). The Yiddish form is phonetically regular with the exception of the last syllable, which has been assimilated to the suffix ־קע (-ke). Similar forms exist in some dialects of East Central German; they are probably due to association of final -ich with the ending at hand in ־יק (-ik), which is pronounced /ɪk/ in Yiddish, but /ɪç/ in many adjacent dialects of German. Compare German Pfirsich, Dutch perzik. See also English peach for more.


באַר

yi-noun

באַר • (bar) m or f, plural באַרן (barn)

From Old High German bira, pira (“pear”), whence also German Birne.


בלעטל

בלעטל • (bletl) n, plural בלעטלעך (bletlekh)

bletl (romanization)
bletlekh (romanization)

בלאַט (blat, “leaf, sheet of paper”) + ־ל (-l)

suffix

בלאַט בלאַט#Yiddish


קאַליפֿיאָר

head

קאַליפֿיאָר • (kalifyor) m

yi-noun

קאַליפֿיאָר • (kalifyor) m, plural קאַליפֿיאָרן (kalifyorn)

kalifyor (romanization)
kalifyorn (romanization)

From Polish kalafior, from Italian cavolfiore.


שנאַפּס

שנאַפּס • (shnaps) m, plural שנאַפּסן (shnapsn)

shnaps (romanization)
shnapsn (romanization)


דינסטאָג

דינסטאָג • (dinstog) m, plural דינסטאָגן (dinstogn)

dinstog (romanization)
dinstogn (romanization)

דינסטיק דינסטיק#Yiddish


אַגרעס

אַגרעס • (agres) m, plural אַגרעס (agres)

From Middle High German agrāz, from Medieval Latin agresta (“unripe fruit, verjuice”), likely applied to the gooseberry due to its sour taste. Compare Austro-Bavarian Ogrosl (“gooseberry”).
Alternatively, borrowed from Polish agrest (“gooseberry”), from the same Latin source.


בראָנפֿן

head

בראָנפֿן • (bronfn) m

yi-noun

בראָנפֿן • (bronfn) m

Cognate with German Branntwein, Dutch brandewijn.


עפּלזאַפֿט

head

עפּלזאַפֿט • (eplzaft) m

yi-noun

עפּלזאַפֿט • (eplzaft) m

עפּל (epl, “apple”) + זאַפֿט (zaft, “juice”)


רעגן־בויגן

yi-noun

רעגן־בויגן • (regn-boygn) m, plural רעגן־בויגנס (regn-boygns)

regn-boygn (romanization)
regn-boygns (romanization)

רעגנבויגן רעגנבויגן#Yiddish

Alternative spelling of רעגנבויגן (regnboygn)


עפּלבוים

עפּלבוים • (eplboym) m, plural עפּלביימער (eplbeymer)

eplboym (romanization)
eplbeymer (romanization)

עפּל (epl, “apple”) + בוים (boym, “tree”)


פֿרוכט

yi-noun

פֿרוכט • (frukht) f, plural פֿרוכטן (frukhtn)

frukht (romanization)
frukhtn (romanization)

From Latin fructus, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg- (“to make use of, to have enjoyment of”).


זילבער

From Middle High German silber, from Old High German silbar, from Proto-West Germanic *silubr, from Proto-Germanic *silubrą. Cognate with Dutch zilver, English silver.


פֿישער

yi-noun

פֿישער • (fisher) m, plural פֿישערס (fishers), feminine פֿישערין (fisherin) or פֿישערקע (fisherke)

fisher (romanization)
fisherin (romanization)
fisherke (romanization)


רעגן־מאַנטל

רעגן־מאַנטלען

רעגן־מאַנטל • (regn-mantl) m, plural רעגן־מאַנטלען (regn-mantlen)

regn-mantl (romanization)
regn-mantlen (romanization)

[ˈɾeɪ̯ɡŋ̩ˌmantɫ̩]

/ˈrɛɪ̯ɡn̩ˌmɔntl̩/

רע‧גן־‧מענ‧טל

From רעגן (regn, “rain”) + מאַנטל (mantl, “coat”).


געפֿילטע פֿיש

head

געפֿילטע פֿיש

yi-noun

געפֿילטע פֿיש

→ English: gefilte fish

/ɡəˈfɪɫtə ˈfɪʃ/

געפֿילט (gefilt, “stuffed”) + פֿיש (fish, “fish”)


מאָרגן

yi-noun

מאָרגן • (morgn) m, plural מאָרגנס (morgns)

morgn (romanization)
morgns (romanization)

From Middle High German morgen, from Old High German morgan, from Proto-West Germanic *morgan, from Proto-Germanic *murganaz.


בלאַט

בלאַט • (blat) m or n, plural בלעטער (bleter), diminutive בלעטל (bletl)

blat (romanization)
bleter (romanization)
bletl (romanization)

From Old High German blat, from Proto-West Germanic *blad, from Proto-Germanic *bladą (“leaf”).


בלאַט

בלאַט • (blat) n, plural בלעטער (bleter)

blat (romanization)
bleter (romanization)


שלאָפֿצימער

שלאָפֿצימער • (shloftsimer) m, plural שלאָפֿצימערן (shloftsimern)

shloftsimer (romanization)
shloftsimern (romanization)

From שלאָף (shlof, “sleep”) + צימער (tsimer, “room”).


קאַוועניק

head

קאַוועניק • (kavenik) m

yi-noun

קאַוועניק • (kavenik) m, plural קאַוועניקעס (kavenikes)

kavenik (romanization)
kavenikes (romanization)

From קאַווע (kave) + ־ניק (-nik), essentially as a partial calque from Slavic languages (e.g. Russian кофе́йник (koféjnik)).


זאַפֿט

head

זאַפֿט • (zaft) m

yi-noun

זאַפֿט • (zaft) m, plural זאַפֿטן (zaftn)

zaft (romanization)
zaftn (romanization)

From Middle High German saf, saft (“juice”), from Old High German saf, from Proto-West Germanic *sap.


צימער

צימער • (tsimer) m or n, plural צימערן (tsimern)

tsimer (romanization)
tsimern (romanization)

From Middle High German zimber, from Old High German zimbar, from Proto-West Germanic *timr, from Proto-Germanic *timrą, from Proto-Indo-European *dem- (“build, house”) (see Proto-Indo-European *dṓm). Cognate to English timber.


אָרעם

orem (romanization)
orems (romanization)

From Middle High German arm, from Old High German arm, from Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz (“arm”).


קאַווע

head

קאַווע • (kave) f

yi-noun

קאַווע • (kave) f

From Polish kawa, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”). Doublet of קאַפֿע (kafe).


צוויט

Possibly from Ukrainian цвіт (cvit). Doublet of קווייט (kveyt).


לאַנד

לאַנד • (land) n, plural לענדער (lender)

land (romanization)
lender (romanization)

From Middle High German lant, from Proto-Germanic *landą, from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“land, heath”).


פֿאָן

head

פֿאָן • (fon) f

yi-noun

פֿאָן • (fon) f, plural פֿאָנען (fonen), diminutive פֿענדל (fendl)

fon (romanization)
fonen (romanization)
fendl (romanization)

From Middle High German van, from Old High German fano, from Proto-Germanic *fanô.


צענטל

צענטל • (tsentl) n, plural צענטלעך (tsentlekh)

tsentl (romanization)
tsentlekh (romanization)

tenth, one of ten equal parts of a whole


פֿרימאָרגן

head

פֿרימאָרגן • (frimorgn) m

yi-noun

פֿרימאָרגן • (frimorgn) m, plural פֿרימאָרגנס (frimorgns)

frimorgn (romanization)
frimorgns (romanization)

פֿרי (fri, “early”) + מאָרגן (morgn, “morning”)


לאַנדסמאַן

head

לאַנדסמאַן • (landsman) m

yi-noun

לאַנדסמאַן • (landsman) m, plural לאַנדסמענער (landsmener)

landsman (romanization)
landsmener (romanization)


פֿרילינג

פֿרילינג • (friling) m, plural פֿרילינגען (frilingen)

friling (romanization)
frilingen (romanization)


אָסיען

אָסיען • (osyen) m, plural אָסיענס (osyens)

osyen (romanization)
osyens (romanization)

Borrowed from Russian о́сень (ósenʹ). Alternative forms derive from Polish jesień.


ווינטער

ווינטער • (vinter) m, plural ווינטערן (vintern)

vinter (romanization)
vintern (romanization)

From Middle High German winter, from Old High German wintar, from Proto-West Germanic *wintru, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz.


האַרבסט

האַרבסט • (harbst) m, plural האַרבסטן (harbstn)

harbst (romanization)
harbstn (romanization)

From Middle High German herbest, from Old High German herbist, from Proto-West Germanic *harbist, from Proto-Germanic *harbistaz. Compare German Herbst.


פּאָמידאָר

head

פּאָמידאָר • (pomidor) m

yi-noun

פּאָמידאָר • (pomidor) m, plural פּאָמידאָרן (pomidorn)

pomidor (romanization)
pomidorn (romanization)

Ultimately from Italian pomodoro (“golden apple”), via Russian помидо́р (pomidór)


שמערץ

שמערץ • (shmerts) m, plural שמערצן (shmertsn)

shmerts (romanization)
shmertsn (romanization)

From Old High German smerzo. Compare German Schmerz.


יתום

יתום • (yosem) m, plural יתומים (yesoymem), feminine יתומה (yesoyme), feminine plural יתומות (yesoymes), diminutive יתומל (yoseml)

yosem (romanization)
yesoymem (romanization)
yesoyme (romanization)
yesoymes (romanization)
yoseml (romanization)


שולע

shule (romanization)
shules (romanization)

Borrowed from German Schule. Doublet of שול (shul).


שול

שול • (shul) f, plural שולן (shuln), diminutive שולכן (shulkhn) or שולכל (shulkhl)

shul (romanization)
shuln (romanization)
shulkhn (romanization)
shulkhl (romanization)

→ English: shul

→ Spanish: shul

From Old High German scuola, from Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ). Doublet of שולע (shule).


צווילינג

צווילינג • (tsviling) m, plural צווילינגען (tsvilingen)

tsviling (romanization)
tsvilingen (romanization)

/ˈt͡svɪʎɪŋɡ/

From Middle High German zwillinc, zwinelinc, from Old High German zwiniling from an original *twiniling, from Proto-Germanic *twinilingaz, from *twinaz + *-lingaz.
Compare German Zwilling, Dutch tweeling, English twinling, Danish tvilling. More at twin.

מײַנע ברידער זענען אַ צווילינג.

יענע משפּחה האָט דרײַ צווילינגען.


מצה

matse (romanization)
matses (romanization)

→ Dutch: matze


מצרית

מיצרית מיצרית#Yiddish

Alternative spelling of מיצרית (mitsris)


בענקל

בענקל • (benkl) n, plural בענקלעך (benklekh)

benkl (romanization)
benklekh (romanization)

באַנק (bank, “bench”) + ־ל (-l). Plural inflection from ־לעך (-lekh).

באַנק באַנק#Yiddish


שטול

שטול • (shtul) m or f, plural שטולן (shtuln)

shtul (romanization)
shtuln (romanization)

From Old High German stuol, from Proto-Germanic *stōlaz, cognate with German Stuhl.


מדינות

מדינה מדינה#Yiddish


ליים

From Middle High German leim, from Old High German leimo (“loam”), from Proto-West Germanic *laimō, from Proto-Germanic *laimô, *laimaz.


ליים

לײַם לײַם#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of לײַם (laym).


זקנה

זקנה • (zkeyne) f, plural זקנות (zkeynes)

zkeyne (romanization)
zkeynes (romanization)

Feminine form of זקן (zokn). Borrowed from Hebrew זקנה (z'kená, “old woman”)


גײַסט

גײַסט • (gayst) m, plural גײַסטער (gayster)

gayst (romanization)
gayster (romanization)


קאָנטע

קאָנטע • (konte) f, plural קאָנטעס (kontes)

konte (romanization)
kontes (romanization)

From German Konto and/or Polish konto, both from Italian conto.

(banking) account (a registry of pecuniary transactions)


שנאָז

Blend of שנויץ (shnoyts, “snout”) + נאָז (noz, “nose”).


נאָז

yi-noun

נאָז • (noz) f, plural נעז (nez) or נעזער (nezer), diminutive נעזל (nezl)

noz (romanization)
nez (romanization)
nezer (romanization)
nezl (romanization)

From Old High German nasa, from Proto-Germanic *nasō.

toe of a shoe (end of a shoe covering the toes)


בליץ

blits (romanization)
blitsn (romanization)

From Middle High German blitze (cognate to German Blitz).


שטופּ

English: shtup


ביטל

ביטל • (bitl) n, plural ביטלעך (bitlekh) or ביטלען (bitlen)

bitl (romanization)
bitlekh (romanization)
bitlen (romanization)

ביט (bit) + ־ל (-l). Not related to German Büttel.


שמירה

שמירה • (shmire) f, plural שמירות (shmires)

shmire (romanization)
shmires (romanization)

→ Dutch: smeris

desc

→ German: Schmiere (“guard”), Schmier (“police”, Austria)


גאַנדז

yi-noun

גאַנדז • (gandz) f, plural גענדז (gendz), diminutive גענדזל (gendzl)

gandz (romanization)
gendz (romanization)
gendzl (romanization)

From Old High German gans (compare German Gans), from Proto-Germanic *gans, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰans-.


גענדזל

גענדזל • (gendzl) n, plural גענדזלעך (gendzlekh)

gendzl (romanization)
gendzlekh (romanization)

→ English: gunsel, gunzel

From גאַנדז (gandz, “goose”) + ־ל (-l) (compare Middle High German gensel, diminutive of gans (“goose”)).


מעסער

מעסער • (meser) m or n, plural מעסערס (mesers), diminutive מעסערל (meserl)

meser (romanization)
mesers (romanization)
meserl (romanization)

From Middle High German messer, from Old High German mezzisahs, from Proto-West Germanic *matisahs.


גאָפּל־לעפֿל

head

גאָפּל־לעפֿל • (gopl-lefl) f

yi-noun

גאָפּל־לעפֿל • (gopl-lefl) f

גאָפּל (gopl, “fork”) + לעפֿל (lefl, “spoon”)


גאָפּל

head

גאָפּל • (gopl) m

yi-noun

גאָפּל • (gopl) m, plural גאָפּלען (goplen), diminutive גאָפּעלע (gopele) or געפּעלע (gepele)

gopl (romanization)
goplen (romanization)
gopele (romanization)
gepele (romanization)

From Middle High German gabel, from Old High German gabala, from Proto-West Germanic *gabulu, from Gaulish gabalos, gablos, from Proto-Celtic *gablā (“fork, forked branch”).


שטעכלער

yi-noun

שטעכלער • (shtekhler) m, plural שטעכלערס (shtekhlers)

shtekhler (romanization)
shtekhlers (romanization)

Derived from שטעכן (shtekhn, “to stab, sting”).


קרעם

krem (romanization)
kremen (romanization)

From French crème, possibly via German Creme First attested in the 18th century.


אײַז

From Middle High German īs, from Old High German īs, from Proto-West Germanic *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-. Compare German Eis.


גאָלד

From Middle High German gold, from Old High German gold, from Proto-West Germanic *golþ, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą.


גוייִש

goyish (romanization)
גוייִש (predicative)
גוייִשער (masculine nominative)
גוייִש (indefinite neuter nominative)
גוייִשע (definite neuter nominative)
גוייִשס (neuter nominative postpositional)
גוייִשע (feminine nominative)
גוייִשע (nominative plural)
גוייִשן (accusative masculine)
גוייִש (accusative indefinite neuter)
גוייִשע (accusative definite neuter)
גוייִשס (accusative neuter postpositional)
גוייִשע (accusative feminine)
גוייִשע (accusative plural)
גוייִשן (dative masculine)
גוייִש (dative indefinite neuter)
גוייִשן (dative definite neuter)
גוייִשן (dative neuter postpositional)
גוייִשער (dative feminine)
גוייִשע (dative plural)

גוי (goy, “gentile, non-Jew”) + ־יש (-ish)


דאָרשט

From Middle High German durst, from Old High German durst, from Proto-West Germanic *þurstu, from Proto-Germanic *þurstuz.


שבת גוי

→ Dutch: sjabbesgoj

→ English: shabbos goy

desc

→ Polish: szabes goj, szabesgoj, szabes-goj

→ Swedish: shabbesgoj

/ˈʃa.bəs ˈɡɔɪ̯/


שײַן

From Middle High German schīn, Old High German scin (“lustre, shining, brightness, clearness”).


שנאָרער

yi-noun

שנאָרער • (shnorer) m, plural שנאָרערס (shnorers)

shnorer (romanization)
shnorers (romanization)

→ Dutch: sjnorrer

→ English: schnorrer

→ Hebrew: שְׁנוֹרֵר (shnorér)

From שנאָרן (shnorn) + ־ער (-er). Compare German Schnorrer, schnorren.


בראָך

בראָך • (brokh) m, plural בראָכן (brokhn)

brokh (romanization)
brokhn (romanization)

From Middle High German bruch, from Old High German bruh, ablaut form of brehhan, whence ברעכן (brekhn, “to break”). The expected vowel in Yiddish is -u-, but the form may have been influenced by the past participle געבראָכן (gebrokhn, “broken”). Compare German Bruch.


וויי

From Middle High German we, wach, from Old High German wē, wa, wach, from Proto-West Germanic *wai, from Proto-Germanic *wai. Cognate with German Weh, English woe.


מאַראַנץ

מאַראַנץ • (marants) m, plural מאַראַנצן (marantsn)

marants (romanization)
marantsn (romanization)


עילוי

head

עילוי • (ile) m

From Hebrew עִילּוּי (‘ilúi, “prodigy”).


שמידהאַמער

yi-noun

שמידהאַמער • (shmidhamer) m, plural שמידהאַמערס (shmidhamers)

shmidhamer (romanization)
shmidhamers (romanization)

From שמיד (shmid, “smith”) + האַמער (hamer, “hammer”).


קלאָג

From Old High German klaga. Compare German Klage.


פֿלייש

From Middle High German fleisch, vleisch, from Old High German fleisk, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Germanic *flaiski.


דאָקטער

yi-noun

דאָקטער • (dokter) m, plural דאָקטוירים (doktoyrim), feminine דאָקטערין (dokterin) or דאָקטערשע (doktershe)

dokter (romanization)
doktoyrim (romanization)
dokterin (romanization)
doktershe (romanization)
ד״ר (abbreviation)

From English doctor, from Latin doctor. Doublet of דאָקטאָר (doktor).


שמיד

shmid (romanization)
shmidn (romanization)

Inherited from Middle High German smit, from Old High German smid, from Proto-West Germanic *smiþ, from Proto-Germanic *smiþaz.


האַמער

האַמער • (hamer) m, plural האַמערס (hamers)

hamer (romanization)
hamers (romanization)

From Old High German hamar, from Proto-Germanic *hamaraz. Cognate with German Hammer, Dutch, Icelandic hamar, English hammer.


דאָקטאָר

head

דאָקטאָר • (doktor) m

yi-noun

דאָקטאָר • (doktor) m, plural דאָקטאָרן (doktorn), feminine דאָקטאָרין (doktorin) or דאָקטאָרשע (doktorshe)

doktor (romanization)
doktorn (romanization)
doktorin (romanization)
doktorshe (romanization)

From various contact languages such as German Doktor, Polish doktor, Ukrainian and Russian до́ктор (dóktor), all from Latin doctor (“teacher”), from doceō (“I teach”). Doublet of דאָקטער (dokter).


פּלאַץ

פּלאַץ • (plats) m, plural פּלעצער (pletser)

plats (romanization)
pletser (romanization)

From Middle High German plaz, from Old French place, from Latin platēa, from Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa).


פּלאַץ

פּלאַץ • (plats) m, plural פּלאַצן (platsn), diminutive פּלעצל (pletsl)

plats (romanization)
platsn (romanization)
pletsl (romanization)


פּלאַצן

From Middle High German platzen, blatzen, from Old High German *blazzen, from Proto-Germanic *platjaną, *plat- (“to strike, beat”). Compare German platzen.

פּלאַץ פּלאַץ#Yiddish


זעלנער

זעלנער • (zelner) m, plural זעלנערס (zelners)

zelner (romanization)
zelners (romanization)

Borrowed from Middle High German soldener, soldner or soldenære, derived from Medieval Latin soldarius. Compare modern German Söldner, Polish żołnierz, Slovak žoldnier, Czech žoldnéř.


צײַט

tsayt (romanization)
tsaytn (romanization)

From Middle High German zīt, from Old High German zīt, from Proto-Germanic *tīdiz (“time, period”), from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂itis (“time, period”), from *deh₂y- (“to divide, part”). Compare German Zeit. Akin to Old English tīd (Modern English tide) and Dutch tijd.


צײַטפֿאָרמע

yi-noun

צײַטפֿאָרמע • (tsaytforme) f, plural צײַטפֿאָרמעס (tsaytformes)

tsaytforme (romanization)
tsaytformes (romanization)

From צײַט (tsayt, “time”) + פֿאָרמע (forme, “form”).


סאָלדאַט

head

סאָלדאַט • (soldat) m

yi-noun

סאָלדאַט • (soldat) m, plural סאָלדאַטן (soldatn), feminine סאָלדאַטקע (soldatke)

soldat (romanization)
soldatn (romanization)
soldatke (romanization)

From Italian soldato, probably via German Soldat, Russian and Ukrainian солда́т (soldát), and other contact languages.


שריפֿטן

שריפֿט שריפֿט#Yiddish


צײַטשריפֿט

צײַטשריפֿט • (tsaytshrift) f, plural צײַטשריפֿטן (tsaytshriftn)

tsaytshrift (romanization)
tsaytshriftn (romanization)

From צײַט (tsayt, “time”) + שריפֿט (shrift, “writing”).


שריפֿט

yi-noun

שריפֿט • (shrift) f, plural שריפֿטן (shriftn)

shrift (romanization)
shriftn (romanization)

From Middle High German schrift, from Old High German scrift, from Latin scriptum.


שריפֿטשטעלער

Possibly borrowed from German Schriftsteller. By surface analysis, שריפֿט (shrift) + שטעלן (shteln) + ־ער (-er).


שמייכל

yi-noun

שמייכל • (shmeykhl) n, plural שמייכלען (shmeykhlen)

shmeykhl (romanization)
shmeykhlen (romanization)

From שמאָך (shmokh, “smile”) + ־ל (-l, diminutive suffix).

af

שמאָך שמאָך#Yiddish


שמאָך

yi-noun

שמאָך • (shmokh) m, plural שמאָכן (shmokhn), diminutive שמייכל (shmeykhl)

shmokh (romanization)
shmokhn (romanization)
shmeykhl (romanization)

Unknown. Possibly derived from Hebrew שמח (samákh, “to be happy”), perhaps with influence from Polish śmiech and/or Silesian śmiŏć.


רבֿ

rov (romanization)
rabonem (romanization)


שטיקל

שטיקל • (shtikl) n, plural שטיקלעך (shtiklekh)

shtikl (romanization)
shtiklekh (romanization)

From שטיק (shtik, “piece (of something); trick”) + ־ל (-l, diminutive suffix).

af

שטיק שטיק#Yiddish


שטיק

yi-noun

שטיק • (shtik) f or n, plural שטיקער (shtiker), diminutive שטיקל (shtikl)

shtik (romanization)
shtiker (romanization)
shtikl (romanization)

→ English: shtick, shtik, schtick, schtik

Inherited from Middle High German stücke, from Old High German stucki. Cognate with German Stück. For sense 2, compare Polish sztuczka.


שמועסן

שמועס שמועס#Yiddish


שמועס

yi-noun

שמועס • (shmues) m, plural שמועסן (shmuesn)

shmues (romanization)
shmuesn (romanization)

→ Dutch: smoes, smoezen

→ English: schmooze, shmooze

→ German: Schmu, Schmus, schmusen

From Hebrew שְׁמוּעוֹת (sh'mu'ót), plural of שְׁמוּעָה (sh'mu'á, “report, piece of news, rumor”), related to שָׁמַע (shamá', “to hear”).


קערן

קערן • (kern) m, plural קערנס (kerns), diminutive קערנדל (kerndl) or קערל (kerl)

kern (romanization)
kerns (romanization)
kerndl (romanization)
kerl (romanization)

From Middle High German kerne, kern, from Old High German kerno, from Proto-Germanic *kernô (“core, kernel”).