ja

head

ja (obligatorily possessed; possessed jadü)

sibling’s grandchild; grandnephew or grandniece


shimada

Borrowed from Arawakan; compare Lokono shimarha.


dui

dui (obligatorily possessed; possessed dui)

From Proto-Cariban *rui; compare Apalaí ryxi, rui, Kari'na yryi, yrui, Akawaio rui, Macushi rui, Pemon rui, Yao (South America) huoroye.


ji

Perhaps from Proto-Cariban *pipi (“older brother”).


etana

(now vulgar) cross-cousin (of either sex)


komu

oldest child (of a man), where ‘child’ has the scope of nne (sons, daughters, children of a brother or sister of the same sex, etc.)


tamu

tamu (obligatorily possessed; possessed tamudu)

From Proto-Cariban *tamu (“grandfather”).


nne

nne (obligatorily possessed; possessed nnedü, possessed plural nnakomo)

father’s brother’s son’s son or daughter

male parallel cousin’s child
mother’s sister’s son’s son or daughter

father’s sister’s daughter’s son or daughter

mother’s brother’s daughter’s son or daughter


nuwa

nuwa (obligatorily possessed; possessed nuwadü)


danwa

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of yanwaa (“man”)


jannü

jannü (obligatorily possessed; possessed jannüdü)

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of janü (“son-in-law”)


kömusa'kö

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of komuusa'kö (“son-in-law (of a woman)”)


könkwö

(Cunucunuma River dialect, diminutive) Alternative form of konkwö (“son-in-law of a man”)


waiñö'nö

waiñö'nö (obligatorily possessed; possessed waiñö'nöi)

(in relation to a woman) father’s sister, paternal aunt


akono

Hall analyzes the final -no as a fossilized derivational suffix.


inño

From Proto-Cariban *nɨjo, *mɨjo (“husband”), with epenthetic initial i- after syllable reduction.


a'kü

From Proto-Cariban *arokɨ (“tail, penis”).

person who walks behind others on a path, follower

person who follows another’s lead more broadly, follower


wodi

From Proto-Cariban *wôrɨti; compare Apalaí (w)oryxi, Kari'na woryi, Trió wëri, Wayana wëlïi, Akawaio wuri, Macushi wîri, Pemon wörü, Yao (South America) waryee.

(when possessed) female cross-cousin (of a man)


Odo'sha

Ultimately from Proto-Cariban *ijoroko (“evil spirit”) suffixed or compounded with an element that surfaces as -sha; compare Apalaí joroko, Kari'na ijoròkan, Trió joroko, Wayana jolok, Pemon iworok, as well as (from non-Cariban languages) Lokono jaloko, Sranan Tongo yorka.


Wanadi

Compare Tariana wanari (“anhinga”), Wanari Yapirikuri (“God”), and also see the etymological notes at wanadi.


ümü

From Proto-Cariban *jumɨ; compare Apalaí jumy, Kari'na jumy, Trió junme, Wayana jumï, Waiwai yïmï, Macushi yun, Pemon yun.


yanwa

(Caura River dialect) Alternative form of yanwaa (“man”)


yanwaa

dhanwa

Cunucunuma River dialect, Yujudunña dialect and Brazil


janü

janü (obligatorily possessed; possessed janüdü)


kömu

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of komu (“oldest child (of a man), where ‘child’ has the scope of nne (sons, daughters, children of a brother or sister of the same sex, etc.); son-in-law (of a man)”)


komuusa'kö

From komu (“oldest child, son-in-law”). Suffixed with -'kö (diminutive suffix).

(Caura River dialect) son-in-law (of a woman)


konkwö

From komu (“oldest child, son-in-law”) + -'kö (diminutive suffix).

af

(Caura River dialect, diminutive) son-in-law of a man


ja'se

head

ja'se (obligatorily possessed; possessed ja'se)

female parallel cousin’s daughter
father’s brother’s daughter’s daughter

female parallel cousin’s daughter
mother’s sister’s daughter’s daughter

male cross-cousin’s daughter
father’s sister’s son’s daughter

male cross-cousin’s daughter
mother’s brother’s son’s daughter


wedu

Alternative form of weyu (“rays of the sun, summer, year”)


weyu

summer, the dry season (roughly February to April), the start of the annual cycle and season of clearing and planting gardens, hunting and fishing, and the start of new construction


nootü

Hall analyzes the final -tü as a fossilized derivational suffix.


chukwamedawö

the start of winter, roughly May, when the construction and repair of houses is finished


konojawö

Presumably from konojo (“rain”) + awö (“at, in, on”).

the rainy season, roughly June to August, when cashews are gathered and significant trips and meetings are carried out


yatamedawö

the end of the year, roughly November to January, when large festivals and gatherings are held


dadiweyudu

Presumably includes ade (“brief”) + weyu (“summer”) + -dü (possessed suffix), among other elements.

af

the ‘short summer’, roughly September to October


wo'jüdü

(in relation to a man) father’s sister, paternal aunt


jinñamo

head

jinñamo (obligatorily possessed; possessed jinñamo)

Hall analyzes the final -mo as a fossilized derivational suffix.


öiye

öiye (obligatorily possessed; possessed öiyedü or eiyedü)


jadüi

jadüi (obligatorily possessed; possessed jadüichü)

Alternative form of jadui (“younger sister or female parallel cousin”)


waiñüjü

waiñüjü (obligatorily possessed; possessed waiñüjüdü)

term of address for a brother-in-law (of a man)


jadui

jadui (obligatorily possessed; possessed jaduichü)


deenü

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of dheenü


dhanwa

(Cunucunuma River dialect, Yujudunña dialect and Brazil) Alternative form of yanwaa (“man”)