adh-

ewü (first-person pronoun)
y- (first-person)
ü- (first-person)
u- (first-person)
w- (agent first-person transitive)
w- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
wi- (agent first-person transitive)
wi- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
küwü (dual first-person inclusive pronoun)
k- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
k- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
k- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
kü- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
kü- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ku- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ku- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ki- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ki- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
k- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kii- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ki- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
amödö (pronoun second-person)
ö- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ö- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ö- (patient second-person transitive)
ö- (possessive second-person)
ö- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
öy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
öy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
öy- (patient second-person transitive)
öy- (possessive second-person)
öy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ödh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ödh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ödh- (patient second-person transitive)
ödh- (possessive second-person)
ödh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
o- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
o- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
o- (patient second-person transitive)
o- (possessive second-person)
o- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
oy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
oy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
oy- (patient second-person transitive)
oy- (possessive second-person)
oy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
odh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
odh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
odh- (patient second-person transitive)
odh- (possessive second-person)
odh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
a- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
a- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
a- (patient second-person transitive)
a- (possessive second-person)
a- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ay- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ay- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ay- (patient second-person transitive)
ay- (possessive second-person)
ay- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
adh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
adh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
adh- (patient second-person transitive)
adh- (possessive second-person)
adh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
m- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
m- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
mi- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
mi- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
nña (dual exclusive first-person pronoun)
y- (dual exclusive first-person)
dh- (dual exclusive first-person)
ch- (dual exclusive first-person)
i- (dual exclusive first-person)
chö- (direct-object dual exclusive first-person postpositional)
n- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
n- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ni- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ni- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
tüwü (pronoun third-person)
y- (third-person)
dh- (third-person)
ch- (third-person)
i- (third-person)
chö- (direct-object postpositional third-person)
n- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
ni- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
tüwü (distant-past past pronoun)
kün- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kün- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kun- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kun- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kin- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kin- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ken- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ken- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
küm- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
küm- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kum- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kum- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kim- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kim- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kini- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kini- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
t- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
t- (possessive reflexive)
t- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tü- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tü- (possessive reflexive)
tü- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tu- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tu- (possessive reflexive)
tu- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
ti- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
ti- (possessive reflexive)
ti- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
te- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
te- (possessive reflexive)
te- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
öö- (agent patient reciprocal transitive)
öö- (agent-like intransitive patient-like reciprocal)
öö- (direct-object postpositional reciprocal)
mön- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mön- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
k- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
k- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)

(Cunucunuma River dialect) allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a vowel a or e


odh-

(Cunucunuma River dialect) allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a vowel o or u


ödh-

(Cunucunuma River dialect) allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a vowel i, ö, or ü


dh-

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of y- (third-person prefix)


adhawa

(Cunucunuma River dialect and Brazil) Alternative form of ayawa (“a tree, Protium heptaphyllum, from which a sticky transparent liquid is extracted; a torch, a light, typically made from this liquid wrapped in Oenocarpus bataua leaves; the bodypaint made from this liquid; bodypaint in general”)


adhekato

The second element is ökato (“shadow, reflection, spirit, double”), with front-grade ablaut implying that it is preceded by either a first- or second-person prefix or a noun. The first element has been variously identified as either the allomorph ay- of the second-person prefix ö-, in which case the meaning would be ‘your spirit/double’; or else as related to the root found in adha'komo (“mortals, ephemeral creatures”) and adhe (“ephemeral”), in which case the meaning would be ‘ephemeral spirit/double’. In either case the predicted Caura River dialect form would have y instead of dh.

dream (seen as the journey of the önu ekato (“eye spirit”) outside the body)

the önu ekato (“eye spirit”) itself while dreaming


aichudi edhajö

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of aichudi eyajö (“master storyteller, singer, and ritual specialist”)


ödhajö

head

ödhajö (possessed ödhajö or edhajö, possessed plural ödhamo or edhamö)

(Cunucunuma River dialect and Brazil) Alternative form of öyajö (“master, ruler, chief; possessor”)


ödemi edhajö

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of ödemi eyajö (“master storyteller, singer, and ritual specialist in the Ye'kwana tradition”)


dhantadü

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of yantadü (“island”)


dhanwa

(Cunucunuma River dialect, Yujudunña dialect and Brazil) Alternative form of yanwaa (“man”)


dhanwa'kö

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of yanwa'kö (“boy”)


dhanwadü

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of yanwadü (“valley”)


dhawade

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of yawade (“the common opossum, Didelphis marsupialis”)


dha'me

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of ya'me (“with”)


dha'tu

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of yatu (“to burn”)


dhedü

dhedü (obligatorily possessed; possessed dhedü)

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of yedü (“tooth”)


tünküi dhedü

[tɨŋkɨj ðeɾ̠ɨ]

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of tünküi yedü (“elaborately constructed framework of poles with notches from which a yuca press (tünküi) is hung and stretched to press out prussic acid from yuca pulp”)


dhedü aküdü

[ðeɾ̠ɨ akɨːɾ̠ɨ]

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of yedü aküdü (“a kind of caterpillar or small worm said to inhabit fruit and cause ritual pollution within it”)


dhee

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of iye (“wood, tree”)


dheenü

(Cunucunuma River dialect) third-person possessed form of nü


dhe'kwana

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of ye'kwana (“a Ye'kwana, a Maquiritari, a speaker of Ye'kwana or member of a Ye'kwana-speaking tribe”)

ye'kwana

specifically, such a person who speaks a dialect with a separate phoneme /ð/ where other dialects have /j/


Dhe'kwana

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of Ye'kwana (“Wanatu, the first created Ye’kwana, made by Wanadi from the clay of Mount Dekuana”)


Dhe'kwana

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of dhe'kwana (“Ye’kwana”)


Dhe'kwana jüüdü

[ðeʔkʷana hʷɨːɾ̠ɨ]

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of Ye'kwana jüüdü (“Mount Dekuana in the Parima Mountains, treated in legend as the origin place of the Ye'kwana”)


dhudinñü

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of udinñü (“fire, flame”)


küdhede

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of kiyede (“manioc, cassava, yuca”)


adhadi

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of ayadi (“barbasco, any of several vines such as Lonchocarpus sericeus or Piscidia carthagenensis used as a poison for fishing”)


odha'kwököno

(Cunucunuma River dialect) skirt (as an independent article of clothing)


wadhada

(Cunucunuma River dialect) a kind of large tortoise


adhawaanai

From ö- (second-person prefix) + awaana (“to get up, to dawn”) + -i (recent past perfective suffix), literally “you got up”.

af

(Cunucunuma River dialect) a morning greeting


akudhajada

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of ökudajada (“gunpowder, powder”)


ijedü

Likely derived from jedü (“face”), if not merely a variant (the third-person possessed form?) of the same word.


ju'jötö

From ju'jö (“head”) + -tö (benefactive verbalizer).


möödhö

edö (inanimate pronoun proximal)
^Y e'dö (inanimate pronoun proximal)
mö'dö (proximal singular)
eetö (anaphoric proximal)
eetö (proximal)
eese (proximal)
eesemjo (proximal)
sadö (proximal)
mödö (inanimate medial pronoun proximal)
mööyö (medial proximal singular)
^Y möödhö (medial proximal singular)
kanno (medial plural proximal)
möötö (anaphoric medial proximal)
möönü (distal inanimate medial pronoun)
mökkü (distal medial singular)
makkamo (distal medial plural)
inña (distal medial)
möntö (anaphoric distal medial)
mönse (distal medial)
aneeseja (distal medial)
mönsemjo (distal medial)
maadö (distal medial)
iyö (distal inanimate pronoun)
^Y iiyö (distal inanimate pronoun)
ñöödö (distal singular)
ñanno (distal plural)
yöötö (anaphoric distal)
unwaa (distal)
Y. Caura River dialect.
Y. Caura River dialect. (inanimate pronoun)
Y. Caura River dialect. (singular)
D. Cunucunuma River dialect.
D. Cunucunuma River dialect. (inanimate pronoun)
D. Cunucunuma River dialect. (singular)
V. Alto Ventuari River dialect.
V. Alto Ventuari River dialect. (inanimate pronoun)
V. Alto Ventuari River dialect. (singular)

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Synonym of mö'dö (animate singular proximal demonstrative pronoun)


tünküi dhedümmai

From tünküi dhedü (“yuca press frame”) + mma (“house”) + -i (possessed suffix), literally “house of the yuca press frame”.

(Cunucunuma River dialect) building where yuca is squeezed in a press (tünküi) and processed into yuca flour


tuna jedü

From tuna (“water”) + jedü (“face”), literally “face of the water”.


udutu

a kind of night butterfly said to be dangerous


-'tö

Alternative form of -tö (benefactive verbalizer) after an unreduced open syllable


nnejenö

From nne (“child”) + -je (adverbializer) + -nö (verbalizer).

(transitive) to pamper, to spoil (a child)


inñonö

From inño (“husband”) + -nö (verbalizer).

(transitive) to marry off (one’s daughter)


insho'kö

From insho (“many, much, a lot; *old man”) + -'kö (diminutive suffix). Compare inchomo'kö.


wadü'tö

Formed with -tö (benefactive verbalizer) from the same root as eewadüka (“to get loose”).


iye'töö

(transitive) to reinforce (a cord, cable, wire, etc.)


iyö'kö

Probably derived from iyö (inanimate invisible demonstrative pronoun).


ntajidichü

(transitive) to put something foul-tasting or very spicy in (someone’s) mouth


na'kwawö

Likely from an irregular contraction of tuna (“water”) + kwawö (“at, in, on (a body of water)”). Compare na'kwaka.


önaku

From Proto-Cariban *ônaku; compare Kari'na anaku. Likely ultimately derived from Proto-Cariban *ônu (“eye”); synchronically as if derived from Ye'kwana önu (“eye”).


tooki edemi'jüdü

[toːki eɾ̠eːmiʔçɨɾ̠ɨ]

From tooki (“burden of the conuco-festival chant”) + ödemi (“song, chant”) + -'jüdü (past possessed suffix), literally “what was sung of tooki”.

what was sung of <i class="Latn mention" lang="mch">tooki</i>

audaajö edemi'jüdü
audaajö edemi'jüdü#Ye'kwana

Synonym of audaajö edemi'jüdü (“the several-day-long chant sung during the festival to inaugurate newly-cleared village gardens and eliminate the ritual pollution (amoi) created by their clearing; also, the fesitval itself”)


tooki

the burden sung at the end of each line of the audaajö edemi'jüdü (“garden inauguration festival chant”)


tooki

tooki edemi'jüdü
tooki edemi'jüdü#Ye'kwana

Clipping of tooki edemi'jüdü (“the several-day-long chant sung during the festival to inaugurate newly-cleared village gardens and eliminate the ritual pollution (amoi) created by their clearing; also, the fesitval itself”).


kadaijai

a kind of river spider used as bait for fishing


küdha'kwö

spice or hot sauce of the Cunucunuma River villages


ku'nö

day or date on which something is expected or planned

time when something is to end, end of something, ending point


ajö'tö

From ajö (“arm”) + -tö (benefactive verbalizer).


akaicha

(transitive) to make (manioc flour) via rubbing


shadwajö

From saddö (“to toast”) + -ajö (perfective past nominalizer).


a'sha

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of a'sa (“to grab, to take; to choose, to pick, to select”)


shoodü

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of soodü (“rapids”)


kumadü

From kuma (“to flood”) + -dü (action nominalizer).


kumaajö

From kuma (“to flood”) + -ajö (perfective past nominalizer).


'wa'tönei

From 'wa'tö (“to help”) + -nei (agent nominalizer).


-janño

proper, true, … itself; attaches to a noun to intensify it or emphasize that it itself, the true it, is the one under discussion


-jano

late, deceased, dead; attaches to a noun or proper noun referring to a dead person


Kashishiwade

→ Spanish: Casiquiare

→ English: Casiquiare

the Casiquiare River together with the Rio Negro, seen as a single river


Sichömüna

(Ye'kwana mythology) the elder and less cunning of the two Hero Twins (the younger being Yudeke), sons of the murdered water serpent Wiyu who serve as trickster figures and eventually cause a worldwide flood to avenge their mother’s death


Yudeke

(Ye'kwana mythology) the younger and more cunning of the two Hero Twins (the elder being Sichömüna), sons of the murdered water serpent Wiyu who serve as trickster figures and eventually cause a worldwide flood to avenge their mother’s death


jano'jüüdü

[hʷanoʔhʷɨːɾ̠ɨ]

done with difficulty or out of obligation


-köi

From Proto-Cariban *-kôi (suffix forming allative postpositions).

inh

forms locative or allative postpositions: at, to


-kökö

From Proto-Cariban *-kôkô (suffix forming perlative postpositions).

forms perlative postpositions: by way of


jataköi

From jata (“village”) + -köi (“at, to”).


-wö

From Proto-Cariban *-wô (suffix forming locative postpositions).


jata'tö

(transitive) to hunt (an animal, e.g. a tinamou) at evening


-jawö

Suffixed with -wö (“at”), from the same root as jaköi.


jayedö

being unconscious, struck down, in a faint


-ja'ma

attaches to the imperative form of a verb to make it a command to do something properly or completely


jedi'chö

[hʷeɾ̠iʔt͡ʃə]


jedonka

From jedo (“drool”) + -ka (privative verbalizer).


jeene

intensifies or makes more insistent what is said


jaichiitu

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of jache'tu (“the green acouchi, Myoprocta pratti”)


tönömü

From t- -e (adverbializer) + önöö (“to eat meat”) + -mü (patient nominalizer).

meat to be eaten, meat as food or as a meal