A

The first letter of the Xhosa alphabet, written in the Latin script.


de

-de (canonical)
endimde (first-person positive singular)
endingemde (first-person negative singular)
ndimde (first-person positive singular)
andimde (first-person negative singular)
omde (positive second-person singular)
ongemde (negative second-person singular)
umde (positive second-person singular)
awumde (negative second-person singular)
esibade (first-person plural positive)
esingebade (first-person negative plural)
sibade (first-person plural positive)
asibade (first-person negative plural)
enibade (plural positive second-person)
eningebade (negative plural second-person)
nibade (plural positive second-person)
anibade (negative plural second-person)
omde (positive)
ongemde (negative)
mde (positive)
akamde (negative)
abade (positive)
abangebade (negative)
bade (positive)
ababade (negative)
awumde (negative)
emide (positive)
engemide (negative)
mide (positive)
ayimide (negative)
elide (positive)
elingelide (negative)
lide (positive)
alilide (negative)
amade (positive)
angemade (negative)
made (positive)
awamade (negative)
eside (positive)
esingeside (negative)
side (positive)
asiside (negative)
ezinde (positive)
ezingezinde (negative)
zinde (positive)
azizinde (negative)
ende (positive)
engende (negative)
inde (positive)
ayiyinde (negative)
olude (positive)
olungelude (negative)
lude (positive)
alulude (negative)
obude (positive)
obungebude (negative)
bude (positive)
abubude (negative)
okude (positive)
okungekude (negative)
kude (positive)
akukude (negative)


impala

xh-noun

ímpalá class 9 (plural íimpalá class 10)

ímpalá (canonical class-9)
íimpalá (class-10 plural)


bi

-bí (canonical)
endimbi (first-person positive singular)
endingembi (first-person negative singular)
ndimbi (first-person positive singular)
andimbi (first-person negative singular)
ombi (positive second-person singular)
ongembi (negative second-person singular)
umbi (positive second-person singular)
awumbi (negative second-person singular)
esibabi (first-person plural positive)
esingebabi (first-person negative plural)
sibabi (first-person plural positive)
asibabi (first-person negative plural)
enibabi (plural positive second-person)
eningebabi (negative plural second-person)
nibabi (plural positive second-person)
anibabi (negative plural second-person)
ombi (positive)
ongembi (negative)
mbi (positive)
akambi (negative)
ababi (positive)
abangebabi (negative)
babi (positive)
abababi (negative)
awumbi (negative)
emibi (positive)
engemibi (negative)
mibi (positive)
ayimibi (negative)
elibi (positive)
elingelibi (negative)
libi (positive)
alilibi (negative)
amabi (positive)
angemabi (negative)
mabi (positive)
awamabi (negative)
esibi (positive)
esingesibi (negative)
sibi (positive)
asisibi (negative)
ezimbi (positive)
ezingezimbi (negative)
zimbi (positive)
azizimbi (negative)
embi (positive)
engembi (negative)
imbi (positive)
ayiyimbi (negative)
olubi (positive)
olungelubi (negative)
lubi (positive)
alulubi (negative)
obubi (positive)
obungebubi (negative)
bubi (positive)
abububi (negative)
okubi (positive)
okungekubi (negative)
kubi (positive)
akukubi (negative)


o-

Second-person singular relative concord.


m

Combining stem of mna used with possessive concords.


n

The fourteenth letter of the Xhosa alphabet, written in the Latin script.


ne

-ne (canonical)
endimne (first-person positive singular)
endingemne (first-person negative singular)
ndimne (first-person positive singular)
andimne (first-person negative singular)
omne (positive second-person singular)
ongemne (negative second-person singular)
umne (positive second-person singular)
awumne (negative second-person singular)
esibane (first-person plural positive)
esingebane (first-person negative plural)
sibane (first-person plural positive)
asibane (first-person negative plural)
enibane (plural positive second-person)
eningebane (negative plural second-person)
nibane (plural positive second-person)
anibane (negative plural second-person)
omne (positive)
ongemne (negative)
mne (positive)
akamne (negative)
abane (positive)
abangebane (negative)
bane (positive)
ababane (negative)
awumne (negative)
emine (positive)
engemine (negative)
mine (positive)
ayimine (negative)
eline (positive)
elingeline (negative)
line (positive)
aliline (negative)
amane (positive)
angemane (negative)
mane (positive)
awamane (negative)
esine (positive)
esingesine (negative)
sine (positive)
asisine (negative)
ezine (positive)
ezingezine (negative)
zine (positive)
azizine (negative)
ene (positive)
engene (negative)
ine (positive)
ayiyine (negative)
olune (positive)
olungelune (negative)
lune (positive)
alulune (negative)
obune (positive)
obungebune (negative)
bune (positive)
abubune (negative)
okune (positive)
okungekune (negative)
kune (positive)
akukune (negative)


Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence.


Bh

A digraph in Xhosa orthography. (B is /ɓ/.)


im-

Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.


vela

From Proto-Bantu *-dùɪda, applicative form of *-dùa.

to come, to originate [with locative ‘from’]


em-

Class 9 adjective concord; form of en- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.


inu

Combining stem of nina used with possessive concords.


into

íntó (canonical class-9)
ízintó (class-10 plural)


ʃ

Obsolete letter formerly used to represent the phoneme /ʃ/. Replaced by sh.


ɓ

Obsolete letter formerly used to represent the phoneme /ɓ/. Replaced by b.


sala

From Proto-Bantu *-tígada, derived from Proto-Bantu *-tíga.


ze

-ze (canonical)
endize (first-person positive singular)
endingeze (first-person negative singular)
ndize (first-person positive singular)
andize (first-person negative singular)
oze (positive second-person singular)
ongeze (negative second-person singular)
uze (positive second-person singular)
awuze (negative second-person singular)
esize (first-person plural positive)
esingeze (first-person negative plural)
size (first-person plural positive)
asize (first-person negative plural)
enize (plural positive second-person)
eningeze (negative plural second-person)
nize (plural positive second-person)
anize (negative plural second-person)
oze (positive)
ongeze (negative)
uze (positive)
akaze (negative)
abaze (positive)
abangeze (negative)
baze (positive)
abaze (negative)
awuze (negative)
eze (positive)
engeze (negative)
ize (positive)
ayize (negative)
elize (positive)
elingeze (negative)
lize (positive)
alize (negative)
aze (positive)
angeze (negative)
awaze (negative)
esize (positive)
esingeze (negative)
size (positive)
asize (negative)
ezize (positive)
ezingeze (negative)
zize (positive)
azize (negative)
oluze (positive)
olungeze (negative)
luze (positive)
aluze (negative)
obuze (positive)
obungeze (negative)
buze (positive)
abuze (negative)
okuze (positive)
okungeze (negative)
kuze (positive)
akuze (negative)


ya

(intransitive) to go to, towards [with locative]


cela

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀē (“ask for something”).


duru

-dúru (canonical)
endiduru (first-person positive singular)
endingeduru (first-person negative singular)
ndiduru (first-person positive singular)
andiduru (first-person negative singular)
oduru (positive second-person singular)
ongeduru (negative second-person singular)
uduru (positive second-person singular)
awuduru (negative second-person singular)
esiduru (first-person plural positive)
esingeduru (first-person negative plural)
siduru (first-person plural positive)
asiduru (first-person negative plural)
eniduru (plural positive second-person)
eningeduru (negative plural second-person)
niduru (plural positive second-person)
aniduru (negative plural second-person)
oduru (positive)
ongeduru (negative)
uduru (positive)
akaduru (negative)
abaduru (positive)
abangeduru (negative)
baduru (positive)
abaduru (negative)
awuduru (negative)
eduru (positive)
engeduru (negative)
iduru (positive)
ayiduru (negative)
eliduru (positive)
elingeduru (negative)
liduru (positive)
aliduru (negative)
aduru (positive)
angeduru (negative)
awaduru (negative)
esiduru (positive)
esingeduru (negative)
siduru (positive)
asiduru (negative)
eziduru (positive)
ezingeduru (negative)
ziduru (positive)
aziduru (negative)
oluduru (positive)
olungeduru (negative)
luduru (positive)
aluduru (negative)
obuduru (positive)
obungeduru (negative)
buduru (positive)
abuduru (negative)
okuduru (positive)
okungeduru (negative)
kuduru (positive)
akuduru (negative)


itolofiya

itolofiya class 9 (plural iitolofiya class 10)


indaba

índaba class 9 (plural iíndaba class 10)

índaba (canonical class-9)
iíndaba (class-10 plural)


-ana

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jánà (“child”). The development of this suffix in Nguni seems to be due to influence from Khoe languages.

Noun diminutive suffix, creates a noun meaning something smaller or younger, or a small amount.

Adjective diminutive suffix, creates an adjective meaning "somewhat", "rather".


imbizo

ímbîzo class 9 (plural íimbîzo class 10)

ímbîzo (canonical class-9)
íimbîzo (class-10 plural)

[íᵐb̥i̤᷈ːz̥o̤]


intaba

íntaba class 9 (plural iíntaba class 10)

íntaba (canonical class-9)
iíntaba (class-10 plural)


i-

Class 5 noun prefix; form of ili- used before stems of more than one syllable.


nina

you, you all; second-person plural absolute pronoun.


vuna

(transitive) to pick, to reap, to harvest


bini

-biní (canonical)
endimbini (first-person positive singular)
endingembini (first-person negative singular)
ndimbini (first-person positive singular)
andimbini (first-person negative singular)
ombini (positive second-person singular)
ongembini (negative second-person singular)
umbini (positive second-person singular)
awumbini (negative second-person singular)
esibabini (first-person plural positive)
esingebabini (first-person negative plural)
sibabini (first-person plural positive)
asibabini (first-person negative plural)
enibabini (plural positive second-person)
eningebabini (negative plural second-person)
nibabini (plural positive second-person)
anibabini (negative plural second-person)
ombini (positive)
ongembini (negative)
mbini (positive)
akambini (negative)
ababini (positive)
abangebabini (negative)
babini (positive)
abababini (negative)
awumbini (negative)
emibini (positive)
engemibini (negative)
mibini (positive)
ayimibini (negative)
elibini (positive)
elingelibini (negative)
libini (positive)
alilibini (negative)
amabini (positive)
angemabini (negative)
mabini (positive)
awamabini (negative)
esibini (positive)
esingesibini (negative)
sibini (positive)
asisibini (negative)
ezimbini (positive)
ezingezimbini (negative)
zimbini (positive)
azizimbini (negative)
embini (positive)
engembini (negative)
imbini (positive)
ayiyimbini (negative)
olubini (positive)
olungelubini (negative)
lubini (positive)
alulubini (negative)
obubini (positive)
obungebubini (negative)
bubini (positive)
abububini (negative)
okubini (positive)
okungekubini (negative)
kubini (positive)
akukubini (negative)


impi

ímpí (canonical class-9)
ízimpí (class-10 plural)


igazi

ígazí (canonical class-5)
ámágazí (class-6 plural)

[íɡ̊a̤ːz̥ǐ̤]


thina

we, us; first-person plural absolute pronoun.


Sivuyile

a male or female given name, meaning "we are happy".


iti

ítí (canonical class-9)
íití (class-10 plural)


sona

he, she, him, her, it; class 7 absolute pronoun.


ukoluka

The Xhosa rites of passage from boyhood to manhood.


molo

hello, a greeting (salutation) said when meeting someone or acknowledging someone's arrival or presence, also a welcome, into my village, home, or business!


fana

From Proto-Bantu *-púana, associative derivation of Proto-Bantu *-púa.


ikrwala

ikrwala class 5 (plural amakrwala class 6)

An initiate. One who has done the ikrwala


isilo

ísílo (canonical class-7)
ízílo (class-8 plural)


umSuthu

úḿSûthu class 1 (plural ábéSûthu class 2)

úḿSûthu (canonical class-1)
ábéSûthu (class-2 plural)


lona

he, she, him, her, it; class 5 absolute pronoun.


lona

he, she, him, her, it; class 11 absolute pronoun.


ceba

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀawe (“plan, scheme”).


inja

ínjá (canonical class-9)
ízinjá (class-10 plural)


idolo

ídolo (canonical class-5)
ámádolo (class-6 plural)


manzi

-mânzi (canonical)
endimanzi (first-person positive singular)
endingemanzi (first-person negative singular)
ndimanzi (first-person positive singular)
andimanzi (first-person negative singular)
omanzi (positive second-person singular)
ongemanzi (negative second-person singular)
umanzi (positive second-person singular)
awumanzi (negative second-person singular)
esimanzi (first-person plural positive)
esingemanzi (first-person negative plural)
simanzi (first-person plural positive)
asimanzi (first-person negative plural)
enimanzi (plural positive second-person)
eningemanzi (negative plural second-person)
nimanzi (plural positive second-person)
animanzi (negative plural second-person)
omanzi (positive)
ongemanzi (negative)
umanzi (positive)
akamanzi (negative)
abamanzi (positive)
abangemanzi (negative)
bamanzi (positive)
abamanzi (negative)
awumanzi (negative)
emanzi (positive)
engemanzi (negative)
imanzi (positive)
ayimanzi (negative)
elimanzi (positive)
elingemanzi (negative)
limanzi (positive)
alimanzi (negative)
amanzi (positive)
angemanzi (negative)
awamanzi (negative)
esimanzi (positive)
esingemanzi (negative)
simanzi (positive)
asimanzi (negative)
ezimanzi (positive)
ezingemanzi (negative)
zimanzi (positive)
azimanzi (negative)
olumanzi (positive)
olungemanzi (negative)
lumanzi (positive)
alumanzi (negative)
obumanzi (positive)
obungemanzi (negative)
bumanzi (positive)
abumanzi (negative)
okumanzi (positive)
okungemanzi (negative)
kumanzi (positive)
akumanzi (negative)


intente

ínténte class 9 (plural îinténte class 10)

ínténte (canonical class-9)
îinténte (class-10 plural)


nye

-nye (canonical)
endimnye (first-person positive singular)
endingemnye (first-person negative singular)
ndimnye (first-person positive singular)
andimnye (first-person negative singular)
omnye (positive second-person singular)
ongemnye (negative second-person singular)
umnye (positive second-person singular)
awumnye (negative second-person singular)
esibanye (first-person plural positive)
esingebanye (first-person negative plural)
sibanye (first-person plural positive)
asibanye (first-person negative plural)
enibanye (plural positive second-person)
eningebanye (negative plural second-person)
nibanye (plural positive second-person)
anibanye (negative plural second-person)
omnye (positive)
ongemnye (negative)
mnye (positive)
akamnye (negative)
abanye (positive)
abangebanye (negative)
banye (positive)
ababanye (negative)
awumnye (negative)
eminye (positive)
engeminye (negative)
minye (positive)
ayiminye (negative)
elinye (positive)
elingelinye (negative)
linye (positive)
alilinye (negative)
amanye (positive)
angemanye (negative)
manye (positive)
awamanye (negative)
esinye (positive)
esingesinye (negative)
sinye (positive)
asisinye (negative)
ezinye (positive)
ezingezinye (negative)
zinye (positive)
azizinye (negative)
enye (positive)
engenye (negative)
inye (positive)
ayiyinye (negative)
olunye (positive)
olungelunye (negative)
lunye (positive)
alulunye (negative)
obunye (positive)
obungebunye (negative)
bunye (positive)
abubunye (negative)
okunye (positive)
okungekunye (negative)
kunye (positive)
akukunye (negative)


musa

head

musa (to one person, to multiple people musani)


kho

Combining stem of wena used with possessive concords.


mnyama

-mnyáma (canonical)
endimnyama (first-person positive singular)
endingemnyama (first-person negative singular)
ndimnyama (first-person positive singular)
andimnyama (first-person negative singular)
omnyama (positive second-person singular)
ongemnyama (negative second-person singular)
umnyama (positive second-person singular)
awumnyama (negative second-person singular)
esimnyama (first-person plural positive)
esingemnyama (first-person negative plural)
simnyama (first-person plural positive)
asimnyama (first-person negative plural)
enimnyama (plural positive second-person)
eningemnyama (negative plural second-person)
nimnyama (plural positive second-person)
animnyama (negative plural second-person)
omnyama (positive)
ongemnyama (negative)
umnyama (positive)
akamnyama (negative)
abamnyama (positive)
abangemnyama (negative)
bamnyama (positive)
abamnyama (negative)
awumnyama (negative)
emnyama (positive)
engemnyama (negative)
imnyama (positive)
ayimnyama (negative)
elimnyama (positive)
elingemnyama (negative)
limnyama (positive)
alimnyama (negative)
amnyama (positive)
angemnyama (negative)
awamnyama (negative)
esimnyama (positive)
esingemnyama (negative)
simnyama (positive)
asimnyama (negative)
ezimnyama (positive)
ezingemnyama (negative)
zimnyama (positive)
azimnyama (negative)
olumnyama (positive)
olungemnyama (negative)
lumnyama (positive)
alumnyama (negative)
obumnyama (positive)
obungemnyama (negative)
bumnyama (positive)
abumnyama (negative)
okumnyama (positive)
okungemnyama (negative)
kumnyama (positive)
akumnyama (negative)


lula

-lula (canonical)
endilula (first-person positive singular)
endingelula (first-person negative singular)
ndilula (first-person positive singular)
andilula (first-person negative singular)
olula (positive second-person singular)
ongelula (negative second-person singular)
ulula (positive second-person singular)
awulula (negative second-person singular)
esilula (first-person plural positive)
esingelula (first-person negative plural)
silula (first-person plural positive)
asilula (first-person negative plural)
enilula (plural positive second-person)
eningelula (negative plural second-person)
nilula (plural positive second-person)
anilula (negative plural second-person)
olula (positive)
ongelula (negative)
ulula (positive)
akalula (negative)
abalula (positive)
abangelula (negative)
balula (positive)
abalula (negative)
awulula (negative)
elula (positive)
engelula (negative)
ilula (positive)
ayilula (negative)
elilula (positive)
elingelula (negative)
lilula (positive)
alilula (negative)
alula (positive)
angelula (negative)
awalula (negative)
esilula (positive)
esingelula (negative)
silula (positive)
asilula (negative)
ezilula (positive)
ezingelula (negative)
zilula (positive)
azilula (negative)
olulula (positive)
olungelula (negative)
lulula (positive)
alulula (negative)
obulula (positive)
obungelula (negative)
bulula (positive)
abulula (negative)
okulula (positive)
okungelula (negative)
kulula (positive)
akulula (negative)


ukhozi

xh-noun

úkhôzi class 11 (plural íinkôzi class 10)

úkhôzi (canonical class-11)
íinkôzi (class-10 plural)


abaya

those over there, yonder; class 2 remote demonstrative.


lawa

those over there, yonder; class 6 remote demonstrative.


unina

únina (canonical class-1a)
óonina (class-2a plural)


chama

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀkham (“urinate”).


veza

From Proto-Bantu *-dùɪdia, causative form of Proto-Bantu *-dùɪda, applicative form of *-dùa.


umpu

úmpú (canonical class-3)
ímipú (class-4 plural)


dala

-dála (canonical)
endimdala (first-person positive singular)
endingemdala (first-person negative singular)
ndimdala (first-person positive singular)
andimdala (first-person negative singular)
omdala (positive second-person singular)
ongemdala (negative second-person singular)
umdala (positive second-person singular)
awumdala (negative second-person singular)
esibadala (first-person plural positive)
esingebadala (first-person negative plural)
sibadala (first-person plural positive)
asibadala (first-person negative plural)
enibadala (plural positive second-person)
eningebadala (negative plural second-person)
nibadala (plural positive second-person)
anibadala (negative plural second-person)
omdala (positive)
ongemdala (negative)
mdala (positive)
akamdala (negative)
abadala (positive)
abangebadala (negative)
badala (positive)
ababadala (negative)
awumdala (negative)
emidala (positive)
engemidala (negative)
midala (positive)
ayimidala (negative)
elidala (positive)
elingelidala (negative)
lidala (positive)
alilidala (negative)
amadala (positive)
angemadala (negative)
madala (positive)
awamadala (negative)
esidala (positive)
esingesidala (negative)
sidala (positive)
asisidala (negative)
ezindala (positive)
ezingezindala (negative)
zindala (positive)
azizindala (negative)
endala (positive)
engendala (negative)
indala (positive)
ayiyindala (negative)
oludala (positive)
olungeludala (negative)
ludala (positive)
aluludala (negative)
obudala (positive)
obungebudala (negative)
budala (positive)
abubudala (negative)
okudala (positive)
okungekudala (negative)
kudala (positive)
akukudala (negative)


impilo

ímpilo class 9 (plural iímpilo class 10)

ímpilo (canonical class-9)
iímpilo (class-10 plural)


intloko

íntlóko class 9 (plural íintlóko class 10)

íntlóko (canonical class-9)
íintlóko (class-10 plural)

From Proto-Bantu *ncóòkò. Cognate with Rwanda-Rundi isoko (“source”).


u-

you, thou; second-person singular subject concord.


u-

Class 11 noun prefix; form of ulu- used before stems of more than one syllable.


ku-

you; second-person singular object concord.


indlovu

índlovu class 9 (plural íindlovu class 10)

índlovu (canonical class-9)
íindlovu (class-10 plural)

[íⁿd̥ɮo̤ːvṳ]


qha

Ndiyaqonda isiXhosa kancinci qha.


isibongo

isibongo class 7 (plural izibongo class 8)


zama

From Proto-Bantu *-jìjama, positional form of Proto-Bantu *-jìja (“to come”).


lingana

(intransitive) to be equal [with na- ‘to’]


ubani

úbání (canonical class-1a)
óobání (class-2a plural)

Ubani lo mntu?

Ungubani?


qh

List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions


indlu

índlu (canonical class-9)
ízíndlu (class-10 plural)


ikati

íkáti (canonical class-9)
íikáti (class-10 plural)


inyanga

ínyangá class 9 (plural íinyangá class 10)

ínyangá (canonical class-9)
íinyangá (class-10 plural)


canda

Cognate with Khoekhoe ǀkhan (“to split off”).


ingwe

íngwe (canonical class-9)
ízíngwe (class-10 plural)


ka-

-ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.


ka-

he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.


kc

A digraph in Xhosa orthography, used for c after the letter n, ⟨nkc⟩, to avoid confusion with the digraph nc.


imela

íméla (canonical class-9)
íiméla (class-10 plural)


isikhova

isikhova class 7 (plural izikhova class 8)


induna

induna class 9 (plural iinduna class 10)


mandla

-mándla (canonical)
endimandla (first-person positive singular)
endingemandla (first-person negative singular)
ndimandla (first-person positive singular)
andimandla (first-person negative singular)
omandla (positive second-person singular)
ongemandla (negative second-person singular)
umandla (positive second-person singular)
awumandla (negative second-person singular)
esimandla (first-person plural positive)
esingemandla (first-person negative plural)
simandla (first-person plural positive)
asimandla (first-person negative plural)
enimandla (plural positive second-person)
eningemandla (negative plural second-person)
nimandla (plural positive second-person)
animandla (negative plural second-person)
omandla (positive)
ongemandla (negative)
umandla (positive)
akamandla (negative)
abamandla (positive)
abangemandla (negative)
bamandla (positive)
abamandla (negative)
awumandla (negative)
emandla (positive)
engemandla (negative)
imandla (positive)
ayimandla (negative)
elimandla (positive)
elingemandla (negative)
limandla (positive)
alimandla (negative)
amandla (positive)
angemandla (negative)
awamandla (negative)
esimandla (positive)
esingemandla (negative)
simandla (positive)
asimandla (negative)
ezimandla (positive)
ezingemandla (negative)
zimandla (positive)
azimandla (negative)
olumandla (positive)
olungemandla (negative)
lumandla (positive)
alumandla (negative)
obumandla (positive)
obungemandla (negative)
bumandla (positive)
abumandla (negative)
okumandla (positive)
okungemandla (negative)
kumandla (positive)
akumandla (negative)


incasa

incasa class 9 (plural iincasa class 10)


mna

I, me; first-person singular absolute pronoun.


inkosi

ínkôsi class 9 (plural ámákhôsi class 6)

ínkôsi (canonical class-9)
ámákhôsi (class-6 plural)


wakuwaku

-wakuwaku (canonical)
endiwakuwaku (first-person positive singular)
endingewakuwaku (first-person negative singular)
ndiwakuwaku (first-person positive singular)
andiwakuwaku (first-person negative singular)
owakuwaku (positive second-person singular)
ongewakuwaku (negative second-person singular)
uwakuwaku (positive second-person singular)
awuwakuwaku (negative second-person singular)
esiwakuwaku (first-person plural positive)
esingewakuwaku (first-person negative plural)
siwakuwaku (first-person plural positive)
asiwakuwaku (first-person negative plural)
eniwakuwaku (plural positive second-person)
eningewakuwaku (negative plural second-person)
niwakuwaku (plural positive second-person)
aniwakuwaku (negative plural second-person)
owakuwaku (positive)
ongewakuwaku (negative)
uwakuwaku (positive)
akawakuwaku (negative)
abawakuwaku (positive)
abangewakuwaku (negative)
bawakuwaku (positive)
abawakuwaku (negative)
awuwakuwaku (negative)
ewakuwaku (positive)
engewakuwaku (negative)
iwakuwaku (positive)
ayiwakuwaku (negative)
eliwakuwaku (positive)
elingewakuwaku (negative)
liwakuwaku (positive)
aliwakuwaku (negative)
awakuwaku (positive)
angewakuwaku (negative)
awawakuwaku (negative)
esiwakuwaku (positive)
esingewakuwaku (negative)
siwakuwaku (positive)
asiwakuwaku (negative)
eziwakuwaku (positive)
ezingewakuwaku (negative)
ziwakuwaku (positive)
aziwakuwaku (negative)
oluwakuwaku (positive)
olungewakuwaku (negative)
luwakuwaku (positive)
aluwakuwaku (negative)
obuwakuwaku (positive)
obungewakuwaku (negative)
buwakuwaku (positive)
abuwakuwaku (negative)
okuwakuwaku (positive)
okungewakuwaku (negative)
kuwakuwaku (positive)
akuwakuwaku (negative)


inyosi

ínyôsi class 9 (plural îinyosi class 10)

ínyôsi (canonical class-9)
îinyosi (class-10 plural)


Mandela

English: Mandela

Afrikaans: Mandela

Dutch: Mandela


phila

(intransitive) to be well, to be healthy


umfana

úḿfána (canonical class-1)
ábáfána (class-2 plural)


umZulu

úḿZulu (canonical class-1)
ámáZulu (class-6 plural)


musani

head

musani (to multiple people, to one person musa)


ni-

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *mɪ̀-.

you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.


ni-

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-, via an intermediate form *mɪ́-.

you, you all; second-person plural object concord.


khulu

-khûlu (canonical)
endimkhulu (first-person positive singular)
endingemkhulu (first-person negative singular)
ndimkhulu (first-person positive singular)
andimkhulu (first-person negative singular)
omkhulu (positive second-person singular)
ongemkhulu (negative second-person singular)
umkhulu (positive second-person singular)
awumkhulu (negative second-person singular)
esibakhulu (first-person plural positive)
esingebakhulu (first-person negative plural)
sibakhulu (first-person plural positive)
asibakhulu (first-person negative plural)
enibakhulu (plural positive second-person)
eningebakhulu (negative plural second-person)
nibakhulu (plural positive second-person)
anibakhulu (negative plural second-person)
omkhulu (positive)
ongemkhulu (negative)
mkhulu (positive)
akamkhulu (negative)
abakhulu (positive)
abangebakhulu (negative)
bakhulu (positive)
ababakhulu (negative)
awumkhulu (negative)
emikhulu (positive)
engemikhulu (negative)
mikhulu (positive)
ayimikhulu (negative)
elikhulu (positive)
elingelikhulu (negative)
likhulu (positive)
alilikhulu (negative)
amakhulu (positive)
angemakhulu (negative)
makhulu (positive)
awamakhulu (negative)
esikhulu (positive)
esingesikhulu (negative)
sikhulu (positive)
asisikhulu (negative)
ezinkulu (positive)
ezingezinkulu (negative)
zinkulu (positive)
azizinkulu (negative)
enkulu (positive)
engenkulu (negative)
inkulu (positive)
ayiyinkulu (negative)
olukhulu (positive)
olungelukhulu (negative)
lukhulu (positive)
alulukhulu (negative)
obukhulu (positive)
obungebukhulu (negative)
bukhulu (positive)
abubukhulu (negative)
okukhulu (positive)
okungekukhulu (negative)
kukhulu (positive)
akukukhulu (negative)


ikhulu

xh-noun

íkhûlu class 5 (plural ámákhûlu class 6)

íkhûlu (canonical class-5)
ámákhûlu (class-6 plural)


umfazi

úḿfâzi (canonical class-1)
ábáfâzi (class-2 plural)

[úḿ̩fâːz̥i̤]


umntwana

úḿntwana class 1 (plural ábántwana class 2)

úḿntwana (canonical class-1)
ábántwana (class-2 plural)
umntrwana (alternative)

[úḿ̩ⁿtʷaːna]


ubuntwana

[úɓúⁿtʷaːna]


inkosikazi

ínkósíkazi class 9 (plural ámákhósíkazi class 6)

ínkósíkazi (canonical class-9)
ámákhósíkazi (class-6 plural)

From inkosi (“king, chief”) + -kazi (“female suffix”).


umyeni

úḿyeni (canonical class-1)
ábáyeni (class-2 plural)


indoda

índoda (canonical class-9)
ámádoda (class-6 plural)

[íⁿd̥o̤ːd̥a̤]


umama

úmamá (canonical class-1a)
óomamá (class-2a plural)


isilwane

xh-noun

isilwane class 7 (plural izilwane class 8)


inyoni

ínyoni class 9 (plural iínyoni class 10)

ínyoni (canonical class-9)
iínyoni (class-10 plural)


intwala

íntwála class 9 (plural íintwála class 10)

íntwála (canonical class-9)
íintwála (class-10 plural)


inyoka

ínyôka class 9 (plural íinyôka class 10)

ínyôka (canonical class-9)
íinyôka (class-10 plural)


isihlahla

isihlahla class 7 (plural izihlahla class 8)


ihlathi

íhlâthi class 5 (plural ámáhlâthi class 6)

íhlâthi (canonical class-5)
ámáhlâthi (class-6 plural)


induku

índuku class 9 (plural iínduku class 10)

índuku (canonical class-9)
iínduku (class-10 plural)


intonga

íntônga class 9 (plural íintônga class 10)

íntônga (canonical class-9)
íintônga (class-10 plural)

[íⁿtôːᵑɡ̊a̤]


ikhasi

ikhasi class 5 (plural amakhasi class 6)


imbewu

ímbêwu class 9 (plural íimbêwu class 10)

ímbêwu (canonical class-9)
íimbêwu (class-10 plural)

[íᵐb̥e̤᷈ːwu]


imbali

imbali class 9 (plural iimbali class 10)


intambo

íntambo class 9 (plural iíntambo class 10)

íntambo (canonical class-9)
iíntambo (class-10 plural)

[íⁿtaːᵐb̥o̤]


isikhumba

ísíkhumba class 7 (plural ízíkhûmba class 8)

ísíkhumba (canonical class-7)
ízíkhûmba (class-8 plural)

[ísíkʰuːᵐb̥a̤]


inyama

ínyama class 9 (plural íinyama class 10)

ínyama (canonical class-9)
íinyama (class-10 plural)


ithambo

íthâmbo class 5 (plural ámáthâmbo class 6)

íthâmbo (canonical class-5)
ámáthâmbo (class-6 plural)

[ítʰâːᵐb̥o̤]


iqanda

íqandá class 5 (plural ámáqandá class 6)

íqandá (canonical class-5)
ámáqandá (class-6 plural)

[íkǃaːⁿd̥ǎ̤]


uphondo

úphondo class 11 (plural iímpondo class 10)

úphondo (canonical class-11)
iímpondo (class-10 plural)

[úpʰoːⁿd̥o̤]


umsila

úḿsîla (canonical class-3)
ímísîla (class-4 plural)


unwele

únwéle class 11 (plural íinwéle class 10)

únwéle (canonical class-11)
íinwéle (class-10 plural)
inwele (alternative)

From Proto-Bantu *dʊ̀júédé, a variant of Proto-Bantu *dʊ̀júɪ́dɪ́.


isihloko

ísíhlôko class 7 (plural ízíhlôko class 8)

ísíhlôko (canonical class-7)
ízíhlôko (class-8 plural)


indlebe

índlebé class 9 (plural íindlebé class 10)

índlebé (canonical class-9)
íindlebé (class-10 plural)

[íⁿd̥ɮe̤ːɓé]

From Proto-Bantu *njèbé, a variant of Proto-Bantu *ndèbé, derived from Proto-Bantu *-dèba (“be slack, be hanging”).


ubuso

From Proto-Bantu *bʊ̀cìó, a variant of Proto-Bantu *bʊ̀cʊ́.


ikhala

xh-noun

ikhala class 9 (plural iikhala class 10)


umlomo

úḿlomo (canonical class-3)
ímílomo (class-4 plural)


izinyo

ízînyo class 5 (plural ámázînyo class 6)

ízînyo (canonical class-5)
ámázînyo (class-6 plural)


uzipho

úzipho class 11 (plural iínzipho class 10)

úzipho (canonical class-11)
iínzipho (class-10 plural)


unyawo

únyawo class 11 (plural íinyawo class 10)

únyawo (canonical class-11)
íinyawo (class-10 plural)


umlenze

úḿlenze class 3 (plural ímílenze class 4)

úḿlenze (canonical class-3)
ímílenze (class-4 plural)

[úḿ̩leːⁿd̥ze̤]

From um- + -lenga + -e. Cognate with Rwanda-Rundi ikirenge (“foot”).


isandla

ísándla class 7 (plural ízándla class 8)

ísándla (canonical class-7)
ízándla (class-8 plural)

[ísáːⁿd̥ɮa̤]


iphiko

íphiko class 5 (plural ámáphiko class 6)

íphiko (canonical class-5)
ámáphiko (class-6 plural)


isisu

ísísu (canonical class-7)
ízísu (class-8 plural)


icebo

ícêbo (canonical class-5)
ámácêbo (class-6 plural)


iresiphi

iresiphi class 9 (plural iiresiphi class 10)


ithumbu

íthumbu class 5 (plural ámáthumbu class 6)

íthumbu (canonical class-5)
ámáthumbu (class-6 plural)

From Common Bantu *ìtʊ̀mbò (“belly, abdomen”). Cognate with Shona dumbu.


ibele

íbéle (canonical class-5)
ámábéle (class-6 plural)


isibindi

xh-noun

ísíbíndi class 7 (plural ízíbíndi class 8)

ísíbíndi (canonical class-7)
ízíbíndi (class-8 plural)

[ísíɓíːⁿd̥i̤]

Cognate with Sotho sebete, Tsonga xivindzi, Venda tshivhindi, and Chichewa chiŵindi.


isenzo

ísénzo (canonical class-7)
ízénzo (class-8 plural)

[íséːⁿd̥zo̤]


biza

From Proto-Bantu *-bɪ́dia, causative form of Proto-Bantu *-bɪ́da.


ilanga

ílanga class 5 (plural ámálanga class 6)

ílanga (canonical class-5)
ámálanga (class-6 plural)


umlungu

úḿlungu class 1 (plural ábélungu class 2)

úḿlungu (canonical class-1)
ábélungu (class-2 plural)

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀, a variant of Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀.
According to the Greater Dictionary of IsiXhosa, the term also referred to a “member of the abeLungu clan descended from whites shipwrecked on the Pondoland coast circa 1700 and absorbed by the Pondos ... ” Many White South Africans believe that it means "scum of the sea".


imamba

ímâmba class 9 (plural íimâmba class 10)

ímâmba (canonical class-9)
íimâmba (class-10 plural)


ingonyama

íngónyâma class 9 (plural íingónyâma class 10)

íngónyâma (canonical class-9)
íingónyâma (class-10 plural)

[íᵑɡ̊ǒ̤ɲâːma]


amanzi

[ámâːⁿd̥zi̤]


imvula

ímvûla class 9 (plural íimvûla class 10)

ímvûla (canonical class-9)
íimvûla (class-10 plural)

[íᶬb̪̊vṳ᷈ːla]


umfula

úḿfula (canonical class-3)
ímífula (class-4 plural)


ichibi

íchibí class 5 (plural ámáchibí class 6)

íchibí (canonical class-5)
ámáchibí (class-6 plural)


ulwandle

úlwândle class 11 (plural íilwândle class 10)

úlwândle (canonical class-11)
íilwândle (class-10 plural)

[úlʷâːⁿd̥ɮe̤]


uthuli

úthuli class 11 (plural iíntuli class 10)

úthuli (canonical class-11)
iíntuli (class-10 plural)


umhlaba

úḿhlâba class 3 (plural ímíhlâba class 4)

úḿhlâba (canonical class-3)
ímíhlâba (class-4 plural)


umhlaba

úḿhlaba class 3 (plural ímíhlaba class 4)

úḿhlaba (canonical class-3)
ímíhlaba (class-4 plural)


inkungu

ínkûngu class 9 (plural íinkûngu class 10)

ínkûngu (canonical class-9)
íinkûngu (class-10 plural)


umoya

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jòjà, a variant of Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jòjò (“life, spirit”).


umlilo

úḿlilo (canonical class-3)
ímílilo (class-4 plural)


ubusuku

From Proto-Bantu *bʊ̀cúkʊ̀, a variant of Proto-Bantu *bʊ̀tíkʊ̀.


usuku

úsûku class 11 (plural íintsûku class 10)

úsûku (canonical class-11)
íintsûku (class-10 plural)

iCawe · uMvulo · uLwesibini · uLwesithathu · uLwesine · uLwesihlanu · uMgqibelo [edit]


igama

ígâma (canonical class-5)
ámágâma (class-6 plural)


imini

ímíni (canonical class-9)
íimíni (class-10 plural)


inkosazana

ínkósázana class 9 (plural ámákhósázana class 6)

ínkósázana (canonical class-9)
ámákhósázana (class-6 plural)


uyihlo

úyihló class 1a (plural óoyihló class 2a)

úyihló (canonical class-1a)
óoyihló (class-2a plural)


uyise

úyisé (canonical class-1a)
óoyisé (class-2a plural)

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀cɪ́é, a variant of Proto-Bantu *cé.


unyoko

únyoko class 1a (plural óonyoko class 2a)

únyoko (canonical class-1a)
óonyoko (class-2a plural)


usana

úsána class 11 (plural íintsána class 10)

úsána (canonical class-11)
íintsána (class-10 plural)


-ela

Forms applicative verbs, meaning to do something for, for the purpose of, on behalf of.


umntu

úḿntu (canonical class-1)
ábántu (class-2 plural)
umntru (alternative)


umXhosa

úḿXhosa class 1 (plural ámáXhosa class 6)

úḿXhosa (canonical class-1)
ámáXhosa (class-6 plural)

/úḿ̩ˈkǁʰoːsa/

From the name of a legendary chieftain, whose name means "fierce" or "angry" in a San language.


umthi

úmthí (canonical class-3)
ímithí (class-4 plural)


uthando

[útʰâːⁿd̥o̤]

Kaloku wena uluthando lwam.


iliso

ílisó (canonical class-5)
ámêhlo (class-6 plural)


isele

ísêle (canonical class-5)
ámasêle (class-6 plural)


ihashe

íháshe class 5 (plural ámáháshe class 6)

íháshe (canonical class-5)
ámáháshe (class-6 plural)

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe has (“mare”). [ʃ] for [s] is a common variation in Khoe languages.


imvubu

ímvubú class 9 (plural íimvubú class 10)

ímvubú (canonical class-9)
íimvubú (class-10 plural)

[íᶬb̪̊vṳːɓú]


indlela

índlela class 9 (plural iíndlela class 10)

índlela (canonical class-9)
iíndlela (class-10 plural)

[íⁿd̥ɮe̤ːla]


urhulumente

úrhuluménte class 1a (plural óorhuluménte class 2a)

úrhuluménte (canonical class-1a)
óorhuluménte (class-2a plural)

From Afrikaans goewerment. Cognate with Zulu uhulumeni and Swazi hulumende.


umlambo

úḿlambo class 3 (plural ímílambo class 4)

úḿlambo (canonical class-3)
ímílambo (class-4 plural)


isilevu

ísílevu class 7 (plural ízílêvu class 8)

ísílevu (canonical class-7)
ízílêvu (class-8 plural)


wena

you, thou, thee; second-person singular absolute pronoun.


icephe

ícephé class 5 (plural ámácephé class 6)

ícephé (canonical class-5)
ámácephé (class-6 plural)


yena

he, she, him, her, it; class 1 absolute pronoun.


wona

he, she, him, her, it; class 3 absolute pronoun.


yona

he, she, him, her, it; class 9 absolute pronoun.


usapho

úsâpho class 11 (plural íintsâpho class 10)

úsâpho (canonical class-11)
íintsâpho (class-10 plural)


ukwindla

[úkʷiːⁿd̥ɮǎ̤]


isiqalo

ísíqâlo class 7 (plural ízíqâlo class 8)

ísíqâlo (canonical class-7)
ízíqâlo (class-8 plural)


si-

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

we; first-person plural subject concord.


si-

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.


zi-

From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.


ithu

Combining stem of thina used with possessive concords.


khe

Combining stem of yena used with possessive concords.


abe-

Class 2 noun prefix, used by some nouns.


ili-

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.


izi-

From Proto-Bantu *jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.


izim-

Class 10 noun prefix; form of izin- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.


uku-

Class 15 noun prefix; forms the infinitive of verbs.


wu-

you, thou; second-person singular subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.


wu-

he, she, it; class 3 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.


yi-

they; class 4 subject concord; form of i- used when another prefix precedes.


yi-

he, she, it; class 9 subject concord; form of i- used when another prefix precedes.


wa-

they; class 6 subject concord; form of a- used when another prefix precedes.


om-

Second-person singular adjective concord.


ezim-

Class 8 and 10 adjective concord; form of ezin- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.


uLwesithathu

úLwésíthâthu class 1a (plural óoLwésíthâthu class 2a)

úLwésíthâthu (canonical class-1a)
óoLwésíthâthu (class-2a plural)

[úlʷésítʰâːtʰu]


uLwesine

úLwésíne class 1a (plural óoLwésíne class 2a)

úLwésíne (canonical class-1a)
óoLwésíne (class-2a plural)


uLwesihlanu

úLwésíhlânu class 1a (plural óoLwésíhlânu class 2a)

úLwésíhlânu (canonical class-1a)
óoLwésíhlânu (class-2a plural)

[úlʷésíɬâːnu]


uMgqibelo

úḿGqíbêlo class 3 (plural ímíGqíbêlo class 4)

úḿGqíbêlo (canonical class-3)
ímíGqíbêlo (class-4 plural)

[úḿ̩ɡ̊ǃǐ̤ɓêːlo]

From um- + gqibela + -o, derived from the verb gqiba.


ma-

From a clipping of makhe (“hortative marker”).

Masihambe!

let, may; gives a verb a hortative force.


linga

From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́nga (“search for, watch for, desire”).


ibanga

xh-noun

ibanga class 5 (plural amabanga class 6)


lishumi

-líshûmi (canonical)
endilishumi (first-person positive singular)
endingelishumi (first-person negative singular)
ndilishumi (first-person positive singular)
andilishumi (first-person negative singular)
olishumi (positive second-person singular)
ongelishumi (negative second-person singular)
ulishumi (positive second-person singular)
awulishumi (negative second-person singular)
esilishumi (first-person plural positive)
esingelishumi (first-person negative plural)
silishumi (first-person plural positive)
asilishumi (first-person negative plural)
enilishumi (plural positive second-person)
eningelishumi (negative plural second-person)
nilishumi (plural positive second-person)
anilishumi (negative plural second-person)
olishumi (positive)
ongelishumi (negative)
ulishumi (positive)
akalishumi (negative)
abalishumi (positive)
abangelishumi (negative)
balishumi (positive)
abalishumi (negative)
awulishumi (negative)
elishumi (positive)
engelishumi (negative)
ilishumi (positive)
ayilishumi (negative)
elilishumi (positive)
elingelishumi (negative)
lilishumi (positive)
alilishumi (negative)
alishumi (positive)
angelishumi (negative)
awalishumi (negative)
esilishumi (positive)
esingelishumi (negative)
silishumi (positive)
asilishumi (negative)
ezilishumi (positive)
ezingelishumi (negative)
zilishumi (positive)
azilishumi (negative)
olulishumi (positive)
olungelishumi (negative)
lulishumi (positive)
alulishumi (negative)
obulishumi (positive)
obungelishumi (negative)
bulishumi (positive)
abulishumi (negative)
okulishumi (positive)
okungelishumi (negative)
kulishumi (positive)
akulishumi (negative)


luhlaza

-lúhlâza (canonical)
endiluhlaza (first-person positive singular)
endingeluhlaza (first-person negative singular)
ndiluhlaza (first-person positive singular)
andiluhlaza (first-person negative singular)
oluhlaza (positive second-person singular)
ongeluhlaza (negative second-person singular)
uluhlaza (positive second-person singular)
awuluhlaza (negative second-person singular)
esiluhlaza (first-person plural positive)
esingeluhlaza (first-person negative plural)
siluhlaza (first-person plural positive)
asiluhlaza (first-person negative plural)
eniluhlaza (plural positive second-person)
eningeluhlaza (negative plural second-person)
niluhlaza (plural positive second-person)
aniluhlaza (negative plural second-person)
oluhlaza (positive)
ongeluhlaza (negative)
uluhlaza (positive)
akaluhlaza (negative)
abaluhlaza (positive)
abangeluhlaza (negative)
baluhlaza (positive)
abaluhlaza (negative)
awuluhlaza (negative)
eluhlaza (positive)
engeluhlaza (negative)
iluhlaza (positive)
ayiluhlaza (negative)
eliluhlaza (positive)
elingeluhlaza (negative)
liluhlaza (positive)
aliluhlaza (negative)
aluhlaza (positive)
angeluhlaza (negative)
awaluhlaza (negative)
esiluhlaza (positive)
esingeluhlaza (negative)
siluhlaza (positive)
asiluhlaza (negative)
eziluhlaza (positive)
ezingeluhlaza (negative)
ziluhlaza (positive)
aziluhlaza (negative)
oluluhlaza (positive)
olungeluhlaza (negative)
luluhlaza (positive)
aluluhlaza (negative)
obuluhlaza (positive)
obungeluhlaza (negative)
buluhlaza (positive)
abuluhlaza (negative)
okuluhlaza (positive)
okungeluhlaza (negative)
kuluhlaza (positive)
akuluhlaza (negative)


ntsundu

-ntsûndu (canonical)
endintsundu (first-person positive singular)
endingentsundu (first-person negative singular)
ndintsundu (first-person positive singular)
andintsundu (first-person negative singular)
ontsundu (positive second-person singular)
ongentsundu (negative second-person singular)
untsundu (positive second-person singular)
awuntsundu (negative second-person singular)
esintsundu (first-person plural positive)
esingentsundu (first-person negative plural)
sintsundu (first-person plural positive)
asintsundu (first-person negative plural)
enintsundu (plural positive second-person)
eningentsundu (negative plural second-person)
nintsundu (plural positive second-person)
anintsundu (negative plural second-person)
ontsundu (positive)
ongentsundu (negative)
untsundu (positive)
akantsundu (negative)
abantsundu (positive)
abangentsundu (negative)
bantsundu (positive)
abantsundu (negative)
awuntsundu (negative)
entsundu (positive)
engentsundu (negative)
intsundu (positive)
ayintsundu (negative)
elintsundu (positive)
elingentsundu (negative)
lintsundu (positive)
alintsundu (negative)
antsundu (positive)
angentsundu (negative)
awantsundu (negative)
esintsundu (positive)
esingentsundu (negative)
sintsundu (positive)
asintsundu (negative)
ezintsundu (positive)
ezingentsundu (negative)
zintsundu (positive)
azintsundu (negative)
oluntsundu (positive)
olungentsundu (negative)
luntsundu (positive)
aluntsundu (negative)
obuntsundu (positive)
obungentsundu (negative)
buntsundu (positive)
abuntsundu (negative)
okuntsundu (positive)
okungentsundu (negative)
kuntsundu (positive)
akuntsundu (negative)


orenji

-órenji (canonical)
endiorenji (first-person positive singular)
endingeorenji (first-person negative singular)
ndiorenji (first-person positive singular)
andiorenji (first-person negative singular)
oorenji (positive second-person singular)
ongeorenji (negative second-person singular)
uorenji (positive second-person singular)
awuorenji (negative second-person singular)
esiorenji (first-person plural positive)
esingeorenji (first-person negative plural)
siorenji (first-person plural positive)
asiorenji (first-person negative plural)
eniorenji (plural positive second-person)
eningeorenji (negative plural second-person)
niorenji (plural positive second-person)
aniorenji (negative plural second-person)
oorenji (positive)
ongeorenji (negative)
uorenji (positive)
akaorenji (negative)
abaorenji (positive)
abangeorenji (negative)
baorenji (positive)
abaorenji (negative)
awuorenji (negative)
eorenji (positive)
engeorenji (negative)
iorenji (positive)
ayiorenji (negative)
eliorenji (positive)
elingeorenji (negative)
liorenji (positive)
aliorenji (negative)
aorenji (positive)
angeorenji (negative)
awaorenji (negative)
esiorenji (positive)
esingeorenji (negative)
siorenji (positive)
asiorenji (negative)
eziorenji (positive)
ezingeorenji (negative)
ziorenji (positive)
aziorenji (negative)
oluorenji (positive)
olungeorenji (negative)
luorenji (positive)
aluorenji (negative)
obuorenji (positive)
obungeorenji (negative)
buorenji (positive)
abuorenji (negative)
okuorenji (positive)
okungeorenji (negative)
kuorenji (positive)
akuorenji (negative)


bomvu

-bomvú (canonical)
endibomvu (first-person positive singular)
endingebomvu (first-person negative singular)
ndibomvu (first-person positive singular)
andibomvu (first-person negative singular)
obomvu (positive second-person singular)
ongebomvu (negative second-person singular)
ubomvu (positive second-person singular)
awubomvu (negative second-person singular)
esibomvu (first-person plural positive)
esingebomvu (first-person negative plural)
sibomvu (first-person plural positive)
asibomvu (first-person negative plural)
enibomvu (plural positive second-person)
eningebomvu (negative plural second-person)
nibomvu (plural positive second-person)
anibomvu (negative plural second-person)
obomvu (positive)
ongebomvu (negative)
ubomvu (positive)
akabomvu (negative)
ababomvu (positive)
abangebomvu (negative)
babomvu (positive)
ababomvu (negative)
awubomvu (negative)
ebomvu (positive)
engebomvu (negative)
ibomvu (positive)
ayibomvu (negative)
elibomvu (positive)
elingebomvu (negative)
libomvu (positive)
alibomvu (negative)
abomvu (positive)
angebomvu (negative)
awabomvu (negative)
esibomvu (positive)
esingebomvu (negative)
sibomvu (positive)
asibomvu (negative)
ezibomvu (positive)
ezingebomvu (negative)
zibomvu (positive)
azibomvu (negative)
olubomvu (positive)
olungebomvu (negative)
lubomvu (positive)
alubomvu (negative)
obubomvu (positive)
obungebomvu (negative)
bubomvu (positive)
abubomvu (negative)
okubomvu (positive)
okungebomvu (negative)
kubomvu (positive)
akubomvu (negative)


mhlophe

-mhlóphe (canonical)
endimhlophe (first-person positive singular)
endingemhlophe (first-person negative singular)
ndimhlophe (first-person positive singular)
andimhlophe (first-person negative singular)
omhlophe (positive second-person singular)
ongemhlophe (negative second-person singular)
umhlophe (positive second-person singular)
awumhlophe (negative second-person singular)
esimhlophe (first-person plural positive)
esingemhlophe (first-person negative plural)
simhlophe (first-person plural positive)
asimhlophe (first-person negative plural)
enimhlophe (plural positive second-person)
eningemhlophe (negative plural second-person)
nimhlophe (plural positive second-person)
animhlophe (negative plural second-person)
omhlophe (positive)
ongemhlophe (negative)
umhlophe (positive)
akamhlophe (negative)
abamhlophe (positive)
abangemhlophe (negative)
bamhlophe (positive)
abamhlophe (negative)
awumhlophe (negative)
emhlophe (positive)
engemhlophe (negative)
imhlophe (positive)
ayimhlophe (negative)
elimhlophe (positive)
elingemhlophe (negative)
limhlophe (positive)
alimhlophe (negative)
amhlophe (positive)
angemhlophe (negative)
awamhlophe (negative)
esimhlophe (positive)
esingemhlophe (negative)
simhlophe (positive)
asimhlophe (negative)
ezimhlophe (positive)
ezingemhlophe (negative)
zimhlophe (positive)
azimhlophe (negative)
olumhlophe (positive)
olungemhlophe (negative)
lumhlophe (positive)
alumhlophe (negative)
obumhlophe (positive)
obungemhlophe (negative)
bumhlophe (positive)
abumhlophe (negative)
okumhlophe (positive)
okungemhlophe (negative)
kumhlophe (positive)
akumhlophe (negative)


mthubi

-mthubi (canonical)
endimthubi (first-person positive singular)
endingemthubi (first-person negative singular)
ndimthubi (first-person positive singular)
andimthubi (first-person negative singular)
omthubi (positive second-person singular)
ongemthubi (negative second-person singular)
umthubi (positive second-person singular)
awumthubi (negative second-person singular)
esimthubi (first-person plural positive)
esingemthubi (first-person negative plural)
simthubi (first-person plural positive)
asimthubi (first-person negative plural)
enimthubi (plural positive second-person)
eningemthubi (negative plural second-person)
nimthubi (plural positive second-person)
animthubi (negative plural second-person)
omthubi (positive)
ongemthubi (negative)
umthubi (positive)
akamthubi (negative)
abamthubi (positive)
abangemthubi (negative)
bamthubi (positive)
abamthubi (negative)
awumthubi (negative)
emthubi (positive)
engemthubi (negative)
imthubi (positive)
ayimthubi (negative)
elimthubi (positive)
elingemthubi (negative)
limthubi (positive)
alimthubi (negative)
amthubi (positive)
angemthubi (negative)
awamthubi (negative)
esimthubi (positive)
esingemthubi (negative)
simthubi (positive)
asimthubi (negative)
ezimthubi (positive)
ezingemthubi (negative)
zimthubi (positive)
azimthubi (negative)
olumthubi (positive)
olungemthubi (negative)
lumthubi (positive)
alumthubi (negative)
obumthubi (positive)
obungemthubi (negative)
bumthubi (positive)
abumthubi (negative)
okumthubi (positive)
okungemthubi (negative)
kumthubi (positive)
akumthubi (negative)


impukane

ímpúkané class 9 (plural íimpúkané class 10)

ímpúkané (canonical class-9)
íimpúkané (class-10 plural)

From Proto-Bantu *mpʊ̀ká, with diminutive suffix -ane.


imbovane

ímbóvané class 9 (plural íimbóvané class 10)

ímbóvané (canonical class-9)
íimbóvané (class-10 plural)

[íᵐb̥ǒ̤v̥aːné]


intshontsho

íntshontsho class 5 (plural ámántshontsho class 6)

íntshontsho (canonical class-5)
ámántshontsho (class-6 plural)

[íᶮtʃoːᶮtʃo]


imbotyi

imbotyi class 9 (plural iimbotyi class 10)


intaka

íntaka class 9 (plural íintaka class 10)

íntaka (canonical class-9)
íintaka (class-10 plural)


incwadi

íncwadí class 9 (plural íincwadí class 10)

íncwadí (canonical class-9)
íincwadí (class-10 plural)

[íŋǀʷaːd̥ǐ̤]


inkwenkwe

ínkwenkwé class 9 (plural ámákhwenkwé class 6)

ínkwenkwé (canonical class-9)
ámákhwenkwé (class-6 plural)

[íᵑkʷeːᵑkʷé]


inqwelo-mafutha

inqwelo-mafutha class 9 (plural iinqwelo-mafutha class 10)


intshatsheli

intshatsheli class 9 (plural iintshatsheli class 10)


isidlele

isidlele class 7 (plural izidlele class 8)


iliwa

íliwá (canonical class-5)
ámawá (class-6 plural)


umlenga

umlenga class 3 (plural imilenga class 4)


intsomi

íntsômi class 9 (plural íintsômi class 10)

íntsômi (canonical class-9)
íintsômi (class-10 plural)


intsimi

íntsîmi class 9 (plural ámásîmi class 6)

íntsîmi (canonical class-9)
ámásîmi (class-6 plural)


intlanzi

íntlanzi class 9 (plural íintlanzi class 10)

íntlanzi (canonical class-9)
íintlanzi (class-10 plural)

[íⁿtɬaːⁿd̥zi̤]


ibunzi

ibunzi class 5 (plural amabunzi class 6)


ixoxo

íxoxo (canonical class-5)
ámáxoxo (class-6 plural)

Cognate with Khoekhoe ǁgôab (“bullfrog”).


isipho

ísiphó (canonical class-7)
íziphó (class-8 plural)


inwele

ínwéle class 9 (plural íinwéle class 10)

ínwéle (canonical class-9)
íinwéle (class-10 plural)

Back-formed from the plural iinwele, whose original singular is unwele.


banzi

-banzí (canonical)
endibanzi (first-person positive singular)
endingebanzi (first-person negative singular)
ndibanzi (first-person positive singular)
andibanzi (first-person negative singular)
obanzi (positive second-person singular)
ongebanzi (negative second-person singular)
ubanzi (positive second-person singular)
awubanzi (negative second-person singular)
esibanzi (first-person plural positive)
esingebanzi (first-person negative plural)
sibanzi (first-person plural positive)
asibanzi (first-person negative plural)
enibanzi (plural positive second-person)
eningebanzi (negative plural second-person)
nibanzi (plural positive second-person)
anibanzi (negative plural second-person)
obanzi (positive)
ongebanzi (negative)
ubanzi (positive)
akabanzi (negative)
ababanzi (positive)
abangebanzi (negative)
babanzi (positive)
ababanzi (negative)
awubanzi (negative)
ebanzi (positive)
engebanzi (negative)
ibanzi (positive)
ayibanzi (negative)
elibanzi (positive)
elingebanzi (negative)
libanzi (positive)
alibanzi (negative)
abanzi (positive)
angebanzi (negative)
awabanzi (negative)
esibanzi (positive)
esingebanzi (negative)
sibanzi (positive)
asibanzi (negative)
ezibanzi (positive)
ezingebanzi (negative)
zibanzi (positive)
azibanzi (negative)
olubanzi (positive)
olungebanzi (negative)
lubanzi (positive)
alubanzi (negative)
obubanzi (positive)
obungebanzi (negative)
bubanzi (positive)
abubanzi (negative)
okubanzi (positive)
okungebanzi (negative)
kubanzi (positive)
akubanzi (negative)


nzima

-nzima (canonical)
endinzima (first-person positive singular)
endingenzima (first-person negative singular)
ndinzima (first-person positive singular)
andinzima (first-person negative singular)
onzima (positive second-person singular)
ongenzima (negative second-person singular)
unzima (positive second-person singular)
awunzima (negative second-person singular)
esinzima (first-person plural positive)
esingenzima (first-person negative plural)
sinzima (first-person plural positive)
asinzima (first-person negative plural)
eninzima (plural positive second-person)
eningenzima (negative plural second-person)
ninzima (plural positive second-person)
aninzima (negative plural second-person)
onzima (positive)
ongenzima (negative)
unzima (positive)
akanzima (negative)
abanzima (positive)
abangenzima (negative)
banzima (positive)
abanzima (negative)
awunzima (negative)
enzima (positive)
engenzima (negative)
inzima (positive)
ayinzima (negative)
elinzima (positive)
elingenzima (negative)
linzima (positive)
alinzima (negative)
anzima (positive)
angenzima (negative)
awanzima (negative)
esinzima (positive)
esingenzima (negative)
sinzima (positive)
asinzima (negative)
ezinzima (positive)
ezingenzima (negative)
zinzima (positive)
azinzima (negative)
olunzima (positive)
olungenzima (negative)
lunzima (positive)
alunzima (negative)
obunzima (positive)
obungenzima (negative)
bunzima (positive)
abunzima (negative)
okunzima (positive)
okungenzima (negative)
kunzima (positive)
akunzima (negative)


bulala

From Proto-Bantu *-bʊ́daga, repetitive form of Proto-Bantu *-bʊ́da.


cambalala

From Proto-Bantu *-dàmbadada (“sprawl”), a double extensive derivation of Proto-Bantu *-dàmba (“sprawl”).


hlala

From Proto-Bantu *-jìkada, extensive form of *-jìka.


isihlalo

isihlalo class 7 (plural izihlalo class 8)


imbuzi

ímbuzí class 9 (plural íimbuzí class 10)

ímbuzí (canonical class-9)
íimbuzí (class-10 plural)

[íᵐb̥ṳːz̥ǐ̤]


umkhwetha

umkhwetha class 1 (plural abakhwetha class 2)


Tsh

tsh (lowercase)
Ths (alternative)
Thsh (alternative)


nyulu

-nyulu (canonical)
endinyulu (first-person positive singular)
endingenyulu (first-person negative singular)
ndinyulu (first-person positive singular)
andinyulu (first-person negative singular)
onyulu (positive second-person singular)
ongenyulu (negative second-person singular)
unyulu (positive second-person singular)
awunyulu (negative second-person singular)
esinyulu (first-person plural positive)
esingenyulu (first-person negative plural)
sinyulu (first-person plural positive)
asinyulu (first-person negative plural)
eninyulu (plural positive second-person)
eningenyulu (negative plural second-person)
ninyulu (plural positive second-person)
aninyulu (negative plural second-person)
onyulu (positive)
ongenyulu (negative)
unyulu (positive)
akanyulu (negative)
abanyulu (positive)
abangenyulu (negative)
banyulu (positive)
abanyulu (negative)
awunyulu (negative)
enyulu (positive)
engenyulu (negative)
inyulu (positive)
ayinyulu (negative)
elinyulu (positive)
elingenyulu (negative)
linyulu (positive)
alinyulu (negative)
anyulu (positive)
angenyulu (negative)
awanyulu (negative)
esinyulu (positive)
esingenyulu (negative)
sinyulu (positive)
asinyulu (negative)
ezinyulu (positive)
ezingenyulu (negative)
zinyulu (positive)
azinyulu (negative)
olunyulu (positive)
olungenyulu (negative)
lunyulu (positive)
alunyulu (negative)
obunyulu (positive)
obungenyulu (negative)
bunyulu (positive)
abunyulu (negative)
okunyulu (positive)
okungenyulu (negative)
kunyulu (positive)
akunyulu (negative)


i-apile

í-ápile class 5 (plural ámá-ápile class 6)

í-ápile (canonical class-5)
ámá-ápile (class-6 plural)


ibhere

ibhere class 9 (plural iibhere class 10)


iqhude

iqhude class 9 (plural iiqhude class 10)


iqaqa

íqáqá (canonical class-5)
ámaqáqá (class-6 plural)


igumbi

ígumbí class 5 (plural ámágumbí class 6)

ígumbí (canonical class-5)
ámágumbí (class-6 plural)

[íɡ̊ṳːᵐb̥ǐ̤]


udaka

údaka class 11 (plural iíndaka class 10)

údaka (canonical class-11)
iíndaka (class-10 plural)


umngqusho

úḿngqúsho class 3 (plural ímíngqúsho class 4)

úḿngqúsho (canonical class-3)
ímíngqúsho (class-4 plural)

[úḿ̩ŋǃṳ̌ːʃo]


irandi

írándi class 9 (plural íirándi class 10)

írándi (canonical class-9)
íirándi (class-10 plural)


umkhonto

úḿkhónto class 3 (plural ímíkhónto class 4)

úḿkhónto (canonical class-3)
ímíkhónto (class-4 plural)

[úḿ̩kʰóːⁿto]

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀kóndó. Cognate to Chichewa mkondo.


imvu

ímvú (canonical class-9)
ízimvú (class-10 plural)

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe gū-i. Cognate with Ndonga onzi and Sotho nku.


lowa

that over there, yonder; class 1 remote demonstrative.


lowa

that over there, yonder; class 3 remote demonstrative.


enza

From Proto-Bantu *-gèndia, causative form of Proto-Bantu *-gènda.


mbuna

-mbuna (canonical)
endimbuna (first-person positive singular)
endingembuna (first-person negative singular)
ndimbuna (first-person positive singular)
andimbuna (first-person negative singular)
ombuna (positive second-person singular)
ongembuna (negative second-person singular)
umbuna (positive second-person singular)
awumbuna (negative second-person singular)
esimbuna (first-person plural positive)
esingembuna (first-person negative plural)
simbuna (first-person plural positive)
asimbuna (first-person negative plural)
enimbuna (plural positive second-person)
eningembuna (negative plural second-person)
nimbuna (plural positive second-person)
animbuna (negative plural second-person)
ombuna (positive)
ongembuna (negative)
umbuna (positive)
akambuna (negative)
abambuna (positive)
abangembuna (negative)
bambuna (positive)
abambuna (negative)
awumbuna (negative)
embuna (positive)
engembuna (negative)
imbuna (positive)
ayimbuna (negative)
elimbuna (positive)
elingembuna (negative)
limbuna (positive)
alimbuna (negative)
ambuna (positive)
angembuna (negative)
awambuna (negative)
esimbuna (positive)
esingembuna (negative)
simbuna (positive)
asimbuna (negative)
ezimbuna (positive)
ezingembuna (negative)
zimbuna (positive)
azimbuna (negative)
olumbuna (positive)
olungembuna (negative)
lumbuna (positive)
alumbuna (negative)
obumbuna (positive)
obungembuna (negative)
bumbuna (positive)
abumbuna (negative)
okumbuna (positive)
okungembuna (negative)
kumbuna (positive)
akumbuna (negative)


ikhaya

íkhâya class 5 (plural ámákhâya class 6)

íkhâya (canonical class-5)
ámákhâya (class-6 plural)


impumalanga

[íᵐpúmáːlaᵑɡ̊a̤]

From -phuma (“to rise”) + ilanga (“sun”).


intshonalanga

[íᶮtʃónáːlaᵑɡ̊a̤]

From -tshona (“to set”) + ilanga (“sun”).


pheka

From Proto-Bantu *-jìpɪka (“to cook, to boil”).


ingubo

xh-noun

íngubo class 9 (plural iíngubo class 10)

íngubo (canonical class-9)
iíngubo (class-10 plural)


umthombo

úḿthômbo class 3 (plural ímíthômbo class 4)

úḿthômbo (canonical class-3)
ímíthômbo (class-4 plural)

[úḿ̩tʰôːᵐb̥o̤]


inkomo

ínkomó class 9 (plural íinkomó class 10)

ínkomó (canonical class-9)
íinkomó (class-10 plural)

From Limpopo Khoekhoe, an extinct branch of the Khoe languages. Compare Khoekhoe gomab/gomas (“head of cattle”).


intombi

íntombí class 9 (plural íintombí class 10)

íntombí (canonical class-9)
íintombí (class-10 plural)

[íⁿtoːᵐb̥ǐ̤]


inkabi

ínkâbi class 9 (plural íinkâbi class 10)

ínkâbi (canonical class-9)
íinkâbi (class-10 plural)


inkosana

ínkósâna class 9 (plural ámákhósâna class 6)

ínkósâna (canonical class-9)
ámákhósâna (class-6 plural)


hlanu

-hlânu (canonical)
endimhlanu (first-person positive singular)
endingemhlanu (first-person negative singular)
ndimhlanu (first-person positive singular)
andimhlanu (first-person negative singular)
omhlanu (positive second-person singular)
ongemhlanu (negative second-person singular)
umhlanu (positive second-person singular)
awumhlanu (negative second-person singular)
esibahlanu (first-person plural positive)
esingebahlanu (first-person negative plural)
sibahlanu (first-person plural positive)
asibahlanu (first-person negative plural)
enibahlanu (plural positive second-person)
eningebahlanu (negative plural second-person)
nibahlanu (plural positive second-person)
anibahlanu (negative plural second-person)
omhlanu (positive)
ongemhlanu (negative)
mhlanu (positive)
akamhlanu (negative)
abahlanu (positive)
abangebahlanu (negative)
bahlanu (positive)
ababahlanu (negative)
awumhlanu (negative)
emihlanu (positive)
engemihlanu (negative)
mihlanu (positive)
ayimihlanu (negative)
elihlanu (positive)
elingelihlanu (negative)
lihlanu (positive)
alilihlanu (negative)
amahlanu (positive)
angemahlanu (negative)
mahlanu (positive)
awamahlanu (negative)
esihlanu (positive)
esingesihlanu (negative)
sihlanu (positive)
asisihlanu (negative)
ezintlanu (positive)
ezingezintlanu (negative)
zintlanu (positive)
azizintlanu (negative)
entlanu (positive)
engentlanu (negative)
intlanu (positive)
ayiyintlanu (negative)
oluhlanu (positive)
olungeluhlanu (negative)
luhlanu (positive)
aluluhlanu (negative)
obuhlanu (positive)
obungebuhlanu (negative)
buhlanu (positive)
abubuhlanu (negative)
okuhlanu (positive)
okungekuhlanu (negative)
kuhlanu (positive)
akukuhlanu (negative)


hle

-hlé (canonical)
endimhle (first-person positive singular)
endingemhle (first-person negative singular)
ndimhle (first-person positive singular)
andimhle (first-person negative singular)
omhle (positive second-person singular)
ongemhle (negative second-person singular)
umhle (positive second-person singular)
awumhle (negative second-person singular)
esibahle (first-person plural positive)
esingebahle (first-person negative plural)
sibahle (first-person plural positive)
asibahle (first-person negative plural)
enibahle (plural positive second-person)
eningebahle (negative plural second-person)
nibahle (plural positive second-person)
anibahle (negative plural second-person)
omhle (positive)
ongemhle (negative)
mhle (positive)
akamhle (negative)
abahle (positive)
abangebahle (negative)
bahle (positive)
ababahle (negative)
awumhle (negative)
emihle (positive)
engemihle (negative)
mihle (positive)
ayimihle (negative)
elihle (positive)
elingelihle (negative)
lihle (positive)
alilihle (negative)
amahle (positive)
angemahle (negative)
mahle (positive)
awamahle (negative)
esihle (positive)
esingesihle (negative)
sihle (positive)
asisihle (negative)
ezintle (positive)
ezingezintle (negative)
zintle (positive)
azizintle (negative)
entle (positive)
engentle (negative)
intle (positive)
ayiyintle (negative)
oluhle (positive)
olungeluhle (negative)
luhle (positive)
aluluhle (negative)
obuhle (positive)
obungebuhle (negative)
buhle (positive)
abubuhle (negative)
okuhle (positive)
okungekuhle (negative)
kuhle (positive)
akukuhle (negative)


thathu

-thâthu (canonical)
endimthathu (first-person positive singular)
endingemthathu (first-person negative singular)
ndimthathu (first-person positive singular)
andimthathu (first-person negative singular)
omthathu (positive second-person singular)
ongemthathu (negative second-person singular)
umthathu (positive second-person singular)
awumthathu (negative second-person singular)
esibathathu (first-person plural positive)
esingebathathu (first-person negative plural)
sibathathu (first-person plural positive)
asibathathu (first-person negative plural)
enibathathu (plural positive second-person)
eningebathathu (negative plural second-person)
nibathathu (plural positive second-person)
anibathathu (negative plural second-person)
omthathu (positive)
ongemthathu (negative)
mthathu (positive)
akamthathu (negative)
abathathu (positive)
abangebathathu (negative)
bathathu (positive)
ababathathu (negative)
awumthathu (negative)
emithathu (positive)
engemithathu (negative)
mithathu (positive)
ayimithathu (negative)
elithathu (positive)
elingelithathu (negative)
lithathu (positive)
alilithathu (negative)
amathathu (positive)
angemathathu (negative)
mathathu (positive)
awamathathu (negative)
esithathu (positive)
esingesithathu (negative)
sithathu (positive)
asisithathu (negative)
ezintathu (positive)
ezingezintathu (negative)
zintathu (positive)
azizintathu (negative)
entathu (positive)
engentathu (negative)
intathu (positive)
ayiyintathu (negative)
oluthathu (positive)
olungeluthathu (negative)
luthathu (positive)
aluluthathu (negative)
obuthathu (positive)
obungebuthathu (negative)
buthathu (positive)
abubuthathu (negative)
okuthathu (positive)
okungekuthathu (negative)
kuthathu (positive)
akukuthathu (negative)


ububi

From Proto-Nguni *úbubí. Equivalent to ubu- + -bi.


ngcono

-ngcóno (canonical)
endingcono (first-person positive singular)
endingengcono (first-person negative singular)
ndingcono (first-person positive singular)
andingcono (first-person negative singular)
ongcono (positive second-person singular)
ongengcono (negative second-person singular)
ungcono (positive second-person singular)
awungcono (negative second-person singular)
esingcono (first-person plural positive)
esingengcono (first-person negative plural)
singcono (first-person plural positive)
asingcono (first-person negative plural)
eningcono (plural positive second-person)
eningengcono (negative plural second-person)
ningcono (plural positive second-person)
aningcono (negative plural second-person)
ongcono (positive)
ongengcono (negative)
ungcono (positive)
akangcono (negative)
abangcono (positive)
abangengcono (negative)
bangcono (positive)
abangcono (negative)
awungcono (negative)
engcono (positive)
engengcono (negative)
ingcono (positive)
ayingcono (negative)
elingcono (positive)
elingengcono (negative)
lingcono (positive)
alingcono (negative)
angcono (positive)
angengcono (negative)
awangcono (negative)
esingcono (positive)
esingengcono (negative)
singcono (positive)
asingcono (negative)
ezingcono (positive)
ezingengcono (negative)
zingcono (positive)
azingcono (negative)
olungcono (positive)
olungengcono (negative)
lungcono (positive)
alungcono (negative)
obungcono (positive)
obungengcono (negative)
bungcono (positive)
abungcono (negative)
okungcono (positive)
okungengcono (negative)
kungcono (positive)
akungcono (negative)


iqatha

iqatha class 5 (plural amaqatha class 6)


ibomvu

íbomvú class 5 (plural ámábomvú class 6)

íbomvú (canonical class-5)
ámábomvú (class-6 plural)

[íɓoːᶬb̪̊vṳ̌]


buhlungu

-búhlûngu (canonical)
endibuhlungu (first-person positive singular)
endingebuhlungu (first-person negative singular)
ndibuhlungu (first-person positive singular)
andibuhlungu (first-person negative singular)
obuhlungu (positive second-person singular)
ongebuhlungu (negative second-person singular)
ubuhlungu (positive second-person singular)
awubuhlungu (negative second-person singular)
esibuhlungu (first-person plural positive)
esingebuhlungu (first-person negative plural)
sibuhlungu (first-person plural positive)
asibuhlungu (first-person negative plural)
enibuhlungu (plural positive second-person)
eningebuhlungu (negative plural second-person)
nibuhlungu (plural positive second-person)
anibuhlungu (negative plural second-person)
obuhlungu (positive)
ongebuhlungu (negative)
ubuhlungu (positive)
akabuhlungu (negative)
ababuhlungu (positive)
abangebuhlungu (negative)
babuhlungu (positive)
ababuhlungu (negative)
awubuhlungu (negative)
ebuhlungu (positive)
engebuhlungu (negative)
ibuhlungu (positive)
ayibuhlungu (negative)
elibuhlungu (positive)
elingebuhlungu (negative)
libuhlungu (positive)
alibuhlungu (negative)
abuhlungu (positive)
angebuhlungu (negative)
awabuhlungu (negative)
esibuhlungu (positive)
esingebuhlungu (negative)
sibuhlungu (positive)
asibuhlungu (negative)
ezibuhlungu (positive)
ezingebuhlungu (negative)
zibuhlungu (positive)
azibuhlungu (negative)
olubuhlungu (positive)
olungebuhlungu (negative)
lubuhlungu (positive)
alubuhlungu (negative)
obubuhlungu (positive)
obungebuhlungu (negative)
bubuhlungu (positive)
abubuhlungu (negative)
okubuhlungu (positive)
okungebuhlungu (negative)
kubuhlungu (positive)
akubuhlungu (negative)


bukhali

-bukhali (canonical)
endibukhali (first-person positive singular)
endingebukhali (first-person negative singular)
ndibukhali (first-person positive singular)
andibukhali (first-person negative singular)
obukhali (positive second-person singular)
ongebukhali (negative second-person singular)
ubukhali (positive second-person singular)
awubukhali (negative second-person singular)
esibukhali (first-person plural positive)
esingebukhali (first-person negative plural)
sibukhali (first-person plural positive)
asibukhali (first-person negative plural)
enibukhali (plural positive second-person)
eningebukhali (negative plural second-person)
nibukhali (plural positive second-person)
anibukhali (negative plural second-person)
obukhali (positive)
ongebukhali (negative)
ubukhali (positive)
akabukhali (negative)
ababukhali (positive)
abangebukhali (negative)
babukhali (positive)
ababukhali (negative)
awubukhali (negative)
ebukhali (positive)
engebukhali (negative)
ibukhali (positive)
ayibukhali (negative)
elibukhali (positive)
elingebukhali (negative)
libukhali (positive)
alibukhali (negative)
abukhali (positive)
angebukhali (negative)
awabukhali (negative)
esibukhali (positive)
esingebukhali (negative)
sibukhali (positive)
asibukhali (negative)
ezibukhali (positive)
ezingebukhali (negative)
zibukhali (positive)
azibukhali (negative)
olubukhali (positive)
olungebukhali (negative)
lubukhali (positive)
alubukhali (negative)
obubukhali (positive)
obungebukhali (negative)
bubukhali (positive)
abubukhali (negative)
okubukhali (positive)
okungebukhali (negative)
kubukhali (positive)
akubukhali (negative)


buthuntu

-buthuntu (canonical)
endibuthuntu (first-person positive singular)
endingebuthuntu (first-person negative singular)
ndibuthuntu (first-person positive singular)
andibuthuntu (first-person negative singular)
obuthuntu (positive second-person singular)
ongebuthuntu (negative second-person singular)
ubuthuntu (positive second-person singular)
awubuthuntu (negative second-person singular)
esibuthuntu (first-person plural positive)
esingebuthuntu (first-person negative plural)
sibuthuntu (first-person plural positive)
asibuthuntu (first-person negative plural)
enibuthuntu (plural positive second-person)
eningebuthuntu (negative plural second-person)
nibuthuntu (plural positive second-person)
anibuthuntu (negative plural second-person)
obuthuntu (positive)
ongebuthuntu (negative)
ubuthuntu (positive)
akabuthuntu (negative)
ababuthuntu (positive)
abangebuthuntu (negative)
babuthuntu (positive)
ababuthuntu (negative)
awubuthuntu (negative)
ebuthuntu (positive)
engebuthuntu (negative)
ibuthuntu (positive)
ayibuthuntu (negative)
elibuthuntu (positive)
elingebuthuntu (negative)
libuthuntu (positive)
alibuthuntu (negative)
abuthuntu (positive)
angebuthuntu (negative)
awabuthuntu (negative)
esibuthuntu (positive)
esingebuthuntu (negative)
sibuthuntu (positive)
asibuthuntu (negative)
ezibuthuntu (positive)
ezingebuthuntu (negative)
zibuthuntu (positive)
azibuthuntu (negative)
olubuthuntu (positive)
olungebuthuntu (negative)
lubuthuntu (positive)
alubuthuntu (negative)
obubuthuntu (positive)
obungebuthuntu (negative)
bubuthuntu (positive)
abubuthuntu (negative)
okubuthuntu (positive)
okungebuthuntu (negative)
kubuthuntu (positive)
akubuthuntu (negative)


imbabala

ímbabâlá class 9 (plural íimbabâlá class 10)

ímbabâlá (canonical class-9)
íimbabâlá (class-10 plural)

[íᵐb̥a̤ɓâːlá]

Cognate with Venda mbavhala and Tumbuka mbabala.


ibala

íbâla (canonical class-5)
ámábâla (class-6 plural)


umbala

úḿbâla (canonical class-3)
ímíbâla (class-4 plural)


-eka

Forms "neuter-passive" verbs from existing verbs, meaning "to be (verb)able" or "to be (verb)ing".


akha

From Proto-Bantu *-jáka, a variant of Proto-Bantu *-jíbaka.


ubambo

úbambo class 11 (plural iímbambo class 10)

úbambo (canonical class-11)
iímbambo (class-10 plural)


imbiza

ímbizá class 9 (plural íimbizá class 10)

ímbizá (canonical class-9)
íimbizá (class-10 plural)

[íᵐb̥i̤ːz̥ǎ̤]

From Proto-Bantu *mbɪ̀dìá, which is an agent nominalization of the causative of Proto-Bantu *-bɪ̀da, a variant of Proto-Bantu *-bɪ́da (“to boil”).


umzala

úḿzála (canonical class-1)
ábázála (class-2 plural)

[úḿ̩z̥ǎ̤ːla]


imbombo

imbombo class 9 (plural iimbombo class 10)


bopha

Cognate with Venda -vhofha, Zulu -bopha, Swazi -bopha.


isibunu

ísíbûnu class 7 (plural ízíbûnu class 8)

ísíbûnu (canonical class-7)
ízíbûnu (class-8 plural)


buza

(transitive) to interrogate, to question


igciwane

igciwane class 5 (plural amagciwane class 6)


umzali

úḿzáli (canonical class-1)
ábázáli (class-2 plural)

[úḿ̩z̥ǎ̤ːli]


umhluzi

úḿhluzí class 3 (plural ímíhluzí class 4)

úḿhluzí (canonical class-3)
ímíhluzí (class-4 plural)

[úḿ̩ɬuːz̥ǐ̤]


isiziba

ísíziba class 7 (plural ízíziba class 8)

ísíziba (canonical class-7)
ízíziba (class-8 plural)

[ísíz̥i̤ːɓa]


umzimba

úḿzîmba class 3 (plural ímízîmba class 4)

úḿzîmba (canonical class-3)
ímízîmba (class-4 plural)

[úḿ̩z̥i̤᷈ːᵐb̥a̤]

Cognate with Phuthi mutibha, Swazi umtimba.


isilonda

ísílonda class 7 (plural ízílônda class 8)

ísílonda (canonical class-7)
ízílônda (class-8 plural)


ingwenya

íngwenya class 9 (plural iíngwenya class 10)

íngwenya (canonical class-9)
iíngwenya (class-10 plural)

[íᵑɡ̊ʷe̤ːɲa]


ingulube

ingulube class 9 (plural iingulube class 10)


indlala

índlala class 9 (plural iíndlala class 10)

índlala (canonical class-9)
iíndlala (class-10 plural)

[íⁿd̥ɮa̤ːla]


inyathi

ínyâthi class 9 (plural íinyâthi class 10)

ínyâthi (canonical class-9)
íinyâthi (class-10 plural)


mnandi

-mnándi (canonical)
endimnandi (first-person positive singular)
endingemnandi (first-person negative singular)
ndimnandi (first-person positive singular)
andimnandi (first-person negative singular)
omnandi (positive second-person singular)
ongemnandi (negative second-person singular)
umnandi (positive second-person singular)
awumnandi (negative second-person singular)
esimnandi (first-person plural positive)
esingemnandi (first-person negative plural)
simnandi (first-person plural positive)
asimnandi (first-person negative plural)
enimnandi (plural positive second-person)
eningemnandi (negative plural second-person)
nimnandi (plural positive second-person)
animnandi (negative plural second-person)
omnandi (positive)
ongemnandi (negative)
umnandi (positive)
akamnandi (negative)
abamnandi (positive)
abangemnandi (negative)
bamnandi (positive)
abamnandi (negative)
awumnandi (negative)
emnandi (positive)
engemnandi (negative)
imnandi (positive)
ayimnandi (negative)
elimnandi (positive)
elingemnandi (negative)
limnandi (positive)
alimnandi (negative)
amnandi (positive)
angemnandi (negative)
awamnandi (negative)
esimnandi (positive)
esingemnandi (negative)
simnandi (positive)
asimnandi (negative)
ezimnandi (positive)
ezingemnandi (negative)
zimnandi (positive)
azimnandi (negative)
olumnandi (positive)
olungemnandi (negative)
lumnandi (positive)
alumnandi (negative)
obumnandi (positive)
obungemnandi (negative)
bumnandi (positive)
abumnandi (negative)
okumnandi (positive)
okungemnandi (negative)
kumnandi (positive)
akumnandi (negative)


sondela

(intransitive) to approach, to come closer


isifuba

ísífûba class 7 (plural ízífûba class 8)

ísífûba (canonical class-7)
ízífûba (class-8 plural)


umkhumbi

umkhumbi class 3 (plural imikhumbi class 4)


umabonakude

umabonakude class 1a (plural oomabonakude class 2a)


ikhukhu

ikhukhu class 5 (plural amakhukhu class 6)


ucingo

ucingo class 11 (plural iingcingo class 10)


ibhasi

íbhási class 9 (plural íibhási class 10)

íbhási (canonical class-9)
íibhási (class-10 plural)


udonga

údongá class 11 (plural íindongá class 10)

údongá (canonical class-11)
íindongá (class-10 plural)

[úd̥o̤ːᵑɡ̊ǎ̤]

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀dòngà (“river, valley, channel”).


inkunzi

xh-noun

ínkûnzi class 9 (plural íinkûnzi class 10)

ínkûnzi (canonical class-9)
íinkûnzi (class-10 plural)

[íᵑkûːⁿd̥zi̤]


inkunzi

inkunzi class 9 (plural iinkunzi class 10)


isibaya

ísibâya class 7 (plural ízibâya class 8)

ísibâya (canonical class-7)
ízibâya (class-8 plural)


iqhawe

iqhawe class 5 (plural amaqhawe class 6)


indawo

índâwo class 9 (plural íindâwo class 10)

índâwo (canonical class-9)
íindâwo (class-10 plural)

[íⁿd̥a̤᷈ːwo]


isigubhu

ísígúbhu class 7 (plural ízígúbhu class 8)

ísígúbhu (canonical class-7)
ízígúbhu (class-8 plural)

[ísíɡ̊ṳ̌ːb̥ṳ]


umsebenzi

úḿsébénzi class 1 (plural ábásébénzi class 2)

úḿsébénzi (canonical class-1)
ábásébénzi (class-2 plural)

[úḿ̩séɓéⁿd̥zi̤]


umsebenzi

úḿsébênzi class 3 (plural ímísébênzi class 4)

úḿsébênzi (canonical class-3)
ímísébênzi (class-4 plural)

[úḿ̩séɓêːⁿd̥zi̤]


udondolo

udondolo class 11 (plural iindondolo class 10)


quba

Cognate with Khoekhoe ǃkhū (“beat to death”).


ikhompyutha

ikhompyutha class 9 (plural iikhompyutha class 10)


umfundisi

úḿfúndisi class 1 (plural ábáfúndisi class 2)

úḿfúndisi (canonical class-1)
ábáfúndisi (class-2 plural)

[úḿ̩fúⁿd̥i̤ːsi]


imali

ímalí (canonical class-9)
íimalí (class-10 plural)

From Swahili mali, ultimately from Arabic مال (māl). Compare Rwanda-Rundi imari and Shona mari.


amandla

[ámáːⁿd̥ɮa̤]


isando

ísándo (canonical class-7)
ízándo (class-8 plural)


umzingeli

úḿzingéli class 1 (plural ábázingéli class 2)

úḿzingéli (canonical class-1)
ábázingéli (class-2 plural)

[úḿ̩z̥i̤ᵑɡ̊ě̤ːli]


ijezi

íjezí (canonical class-9)
íijezí (class-10 plural)

[íd̥ʒe̤ːz̥ǐ̤]


lukhuni

-lukhúni (canonical)
endilukhuni (first-person positive singular)
endingelukhuni (first-person negative singular)
ndilukhuni (first-person positive singular)
andilukhuni (first-person negative singular)
olukhuni (positive second-person singular)
ongelukhuni (negative second-person singular)
ulukhuni (positive second-person singular)
awulukhuni (negative second-person singular)
esilukhuni (first-person plural positive)
esingelukhuni (first-person negative plural)
silukhuni (first-person plural positive)
asilukhuni (first-person negative plural)
enilukhuni (plural positive second-person)
eningelukhuni (negative plural second-person)
nilukhuni (plural positive second-person)
anilukhuni (negative plural second-person)
olukhuni (positive)
ongelukhuni (negative)
ulukhuni (positive)
akalukhuni (negative)
abalukhuni (positive)
abangelukhuni (negative)
balukhuni (positive)
abalukhuni (negative)
awulukhuni (negative)
elukhuni (positive)
engelukhuni (negative)
ilukhuni (positive)
ayilukhuni (negative)
elilukhuni (positive)
elingelukhuni (negative)
lilukhuni (positive)
alilukhuni (negative)
alukhuni (positive)
angelukhuni (negative)
awalukhuni (negative)
esilukhuni (positive)
esingelukhuni (negative)
silukhuni (positive)
asilukhuni (negative)
ezilukhuni (positive)
ezingelukhuni (negative)
zilukhuni (positive)
azilukhuni (negative)
olulukhuni (positive)
olungelukhuni (negative)
lulukhuni (positive)
alulukhuni (negative)
obulukhuni (positive)
obungelukhuni (negative)
bulukhuni (positive)
abulukhuni (negative)
okulukhuni (positive)
okungelukhuni (negative)
kulukhuni (positive)
akulukhuni (negative)


umnyama

umnyama class 3 (plural iminyama class 4)


inxele

ínxêle class 5 (plural ámánxêle class 6)

ínxêle (canonical class-5)
ámánxêle (class-6 plural)


isifo

ísifó (canonical class-7)
ízifó (class-8 plural)


ugxa

úgxa (canonical class-1a)
óogxa (class-2a plural)

Cognate with Khoekhoe ǁhā (“to be of same age”).


isimo

ísîmo (canonical class-7)
ízîmo (class-8 plural)


isinqe

ísinqé (canonical class-7)
ízinqé (class-8 plural)

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe !neib (“kidney”).


ibhokisi

íbhókîsi class 9 (plural íibhókîsi class 10)

íbhókîsi (canonical class-9)
íibhókîsi (class-10 plural)

[íb̥ǒ̤kîːsi]


ibhola

íbhóla class 9 (plural íibhóla class 10)

íbhóla (canonical class-9)
íibhóla (class-10 plural)


igolide

[íɡ̊o̤líːd̥e̤]


iholide

íholíde class 9 (plural íiholíde class 10)

íholíde (canonical class-9)
íiholíde (class-10 plural)


ukhokho

ukhokho class 1a (plural ookhokho class 2a)


ilantshi

ilantshi class 5 (plural amalantshi class 6)


umzuzwana

umzuzwana class 3 (plural imizuzwana class 4)


iculo

ículo (canonical class-5)
ámáculo (class-6 plural)


ingoma

íngoma class 9 (plural iíngoma class 10)

íngoma (canonical class-9)
iíngoma (class-10 plural)


ilulwane

ílúlwane class 5 (plural ámálúlwane class 6)

ílúlwane (canonical class-5)
ámálúlwane (class-6 plural)


impisi

ímpîsi class 9 (plural íimpîsi class 10)

ímpîsi (canonical class-9)
íimpîsi (class-10 plural)


imbila

ímbîla class 9 (plural íimbîla class 10)

ímbîla (canonical class-9)
íimbîla (class-10 plural)

[íᵐb̥i̤᷈ːla]


inkawu

ínkâwu class 9 (plural íinkâwu class 10)

ínkâwu (canonical class-9)
íinkâwu (class-10 plural)


ubhejane

úbhéjane class 1a (plural óobhéjane class 2a)

úbhéjane (canonical class-1a)
óobhéjane (class-2a plural)

[úb̥ě̤d̥ʒa̤ːne]


ishumi

íshûmi class 5 (plural ámáshûmi class 6)

íshûmi (canonical class-5)
ámáshûmi (class-6 plural)


i-Afrika

Africa (the continent south of Europe and between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans)


inkululeko

ínkúlúleko class 9 (plural íinkúlúleko class 10)

ínkúlúleko (canonical class-9)
íinkúlúleko (class-10 plural)


isizwe

ísízwe (canonical class-7)
ízízwe (class-8 plural)


ilungelo

ílúngeló class 5 (plural ámálúngeló class 6)

ílúngeló (canonical class-5)
ámálúngeló (class-6 plural)

[ílúᵑɡ̊e̤ːló]


usiba

úsîba class 11 (plural íintsîba class 10)

úsîba (canonical class-11)
íintsîba (class-10 plural)


imbongolo

ímbóngolo class 9 (plural íimbóngolo class 10)

ímbóngolo (canonical class-9)
íimbóngolo (class-10 plural)

[íᵐb̥ǒ̤ᵑɡ̊o̤ːlo]


ub-

Class 14 full noun prefix; form of ubu- used before stems beginning with o.


ukw-

Class 15 full noun prefix; form of uku- used before stems beginning with a vowel.


ukw-

Class 17 full noun prefix; form of uku- used before stems beginning with a vowel.


iin-

Class 10 noun prefix; form of izin- used before stems of more than one syllable.


iim-

Class 10 full noun prefix; form of izin- used before stems of more than one syllable beginning with a labial consonant.


ndi-

I; first-person singular subject concord.


ndi-

me; first-person singular object concord.


-isisa

Forms verbs indicating an intense or quick action.


idada

ídada (canonical class-5)
ámádada (class-6 plural)

[íd̥a̤ːd̥a̤]


i-orenji

í-órenji class 5 (plural ámá-órenji class 6)

í-órenji (canonical class-5)
ámá-órenji (class-6 plural)

[íʔóreːⁿd̥ʒi̤]


thandathu

-thándâthu (canonical)
endimthandathu (first-person positive singular)
endingemthandathu (first-person negative singular)
ndimthandathu (first-person positive singular)
andimthandathu (first-person negative singular)
omthandathu (positive second-person singular)
ongemthandathu (negative second-person singular)
umthandathu (positive second-person singular)
awumthandathu (negative second-person singular)
esibathandathu (first-person plural positive)
esingebathandathu (first-person negative plural)
sibathandathu (first-person plural positive)
asibathandathu (first-person negative plural)
enibathandathu (plural positive second-person)
eningebathandathu (negative plural second-person)
nibathandathu (plural positive second-person)
anibathandathu (negative plural second-person)
omthandathu (positive)
ongemthandathu (negative)
mthandathu (positive)
akamthandathu (negative)
abathandathu (positive)
abangebathandathu (negative)
bathandathu (positive)
ababathandathu (negative)
awumthandathu (negative)
emithandathu (positive)
engemithandathu (negative)
mithandathu (positive)
ayimithandathu (negative)
elithandathu (positive)
elingelithandathu (negative)
lithandathu (positive)
alilithandathu (negative)
amathandathu (positive)
angemathandathu (negative)
mathandathu (positive)
awamathandathu (negative)
esithandathu (positive)
esingesithandathu (negative)
sithandathu (positive)
asisithandathu (negative)
ezintandathu (positive)
ezingezintandathu (negative)
zintandathu (positive)
azizintandathu (negative)
entandathu (positive)
engentandathu (negative)
intandathu (positive)
ayiyintandathu (negative)
oluthandathu (positive)
olungeluthandathu (negative)
luthandathu (positive)
aluluthandathu (negative)
obuthandathu (positive)
obungebuthandathu (negative)
buthandathu (positive)
abubuthandathu (negative)
okuthandathu (positive)
okungekuthandathu (negative)
kuthandathu (positive)
akukuthandathu (negative)


sibhozo

-síbhozó (canonical)
endisibhozo (first-person positive singular)
endingesibhozo (first-person negative singular)
ndisibhozo (first-person positive singular)
andisibhozo (first-person negative singular)
osibhozo (positive second-person singular)
ongesibhozo (negative second-person singular)
usibhozo (positive second-person singular)
awusibhozo (negative second-person singular)
esisibhozo (first-person plural positive)
esingesibhozo (first-person negative plural)
sisibhozo (first-person plural positive)
asisibhozo (first-person negative plural)
enisibhozo (plural positive second-person)
eningesibhozo (negative plural second-person)
nisibhozo (plural positive second-person)
anisibhozo (negative plural second-person)
osibhozo (positive)
ongesibhozo (negative)
usibhozo (positive)
akasibhozo (negative)
abasibhozo (positive)
abangesibhozo (negative)
basibhozo (positive)
abasibhozo (negative)
awusibhozo (negative)
esibhozo (positive)
engesibhozo (negative)
isibhozo (positive)
ayisibhozo (negative)
elisibhozo (positive)
elingesibhozo (negative)
lisibhozo (positive)
alisibhozo (negative)
asibhozo (positive)
angesibhozo (negative)
awasibhozo (negative)
esisibhozo (positive)
esingesibhozo (negative)
sisibhozo (positive)
asisibhozo (negative)
ezisibhozo (positive)
ezingesibhozo (negative)
zisibhozo (positive)
azisibhozo (negative)
olusibhozo (positive)
olungesibhozo (negative)
lusibhozo (positive)
alusibhozo (negative)
obusibhozo (positive)
obungesibhozo (negative)
busibhozo (positive)
abusibhozo (negative)
okusibhozo (positive)
okungesibhozo (negative)
kusibhozo (positive)
akusibhozo (negative)


lithoba

-líthobá (canonical)
endilithoba (first-person positive singular)
endingelithoba (first-person negative singular)
ndilithoba (first-person positive singular)
andilithoba (first-person negative singular)
olithoba (positive second-person singular)
ongelithoba (negative second-person singular)
ulithoba (positive second-person singular)
awulithoba (negative second-person singular)
esilithoba (first-person plural positive)
esingelithoba (first-person negative plural)
silithoba (first-person plural positive)
asilithoba (first-person negative plural)
enilithoba (plural positive second-person)
eningelithoba (negative plural second-person)
nilithoba (plural positive second-person)
anilithoba (negative plural second-person)
olithoba (positive)
ongelithoba (negative)
ulithoba (positive)
akalithoba (negative)
abalithoba (positive)
abangelithoba (negative)
balithoba (positive)
abalithoba (negative)
awulithoba (negative)
elithoba (positive)
engelithoba (negative)
ilithoba (positive)
ayilithoba (negative)
elilithoba (positive)
elingelithoba (negative)
lilithoba (positive)
alilithoba (negative)
alithoba (positive)
angelithoba (negative)
awalithoba (negative)
esilithoba (positive)
esingelithoba (negative)
silithoba (positive)
asilithoba (negative)
ezilithoba (positive)
ezingelithoba (negative)
zilithoba (positive)
azilithoba (negative)
olulithoba (positive)
olungelithoba (negative)
lulithoba (positive)
alulithoba (negative)
obulithoba (positive)
obungelithoba (negative)
bulithoba (positive)
abulithoba (negative)
okulithoba (positive)
okungelithoba (negative)
kulithoba (positive)
akulithoba (negative)


sixhenxe

-síxhenxe (canonical)
endisixhenxe (first-person positive singular)
endingesixhenxe (first-person negative singular)
ndisixhenxe (first-person positive singular)
andisixhenxe (first-person negative singular)
osixhenxe (positive second-person singular)
ongesixhenxe (negative second-person singular)
usixhenxe (positive second-person singular)
awusixhenxe (negative second-person singular)
esisixhenxe (first-person plural positive)
esingesixhenxe (first-person negative plural)
sisixhenxe (first-person plural positive)
asisixhenxe (first-person negative plural)
enisixhenxe (plural positive second-person)
eningesixhenxe (negative plural second-person)
nisixhenxe (plural positive second-person)
anisixhenxe (negative plural second-person)
osixhenxe (positive)
ongesixhenxe (negative)
usixhenxe (positive)
akasixhenxe (negative)
abasixhenxe (positive)
abangesixhenxe (negative)
basixhenxe (positive)
abasixhenxe (negative)
awusixhenxe (negative)
esixhenxe (positive)
engesixhenxe (negative)
isixhenxe (positive)
ayisixhenxe (negative)
elisixhenxe (positive)
elingesixhenxe (negative)
lisixhenxe (positive)
alisixhenxe (negative)
asixhenxe (positive)
angesixhenxe (negative)
awasixhenxe (negative)
esisixhenxe (positive)
esingesixhenxe (negative)
sisixhenxe (positive)
asisixhenxe (negative)
ezisixhenxe (positive)
ezingesixhenxe (negative)
zisixhenxe (positive)
azisixhenxe (negative)
olusixhenxe (positive)
olungesixhenxe (negative)
lusixhenxe (positive)
alusixhenxe (negative)
obusixhenxe (positive)
obungesixhenxe (negative)
busixhenxe (positive)
abusixhenxe (negative)
okusixhenxe (positive)
okungesixhenxe (negative)
kusixhenxe (positive)
akusixhenxe (negative)


phakama

From Proto-Bantu *-pákama, positional form of Proto-Bantu *-páka.


hlakula

From Proto-Bantu *-càkʊda (“to weed”), derived from Proto-Bantu *ìcàká (“thicket”).


aphuka

(intransitive) to break, to become broken


ibululu

ibululu class 9 (plural iibululu class 10)


dlala

From -dla (“to eat”) + -ala. Although verb -tya has replaced -dla in its primary meaning of "to eat", it is clear that -dla formerly meant "to eat", due to its use in metaphorical extensions such as "to corrode" or "to enjoy".


otha

From Proto-Bantu *-jóta (“to warm oneself”).


imbongi

ímbongi class 9 (plural iímbongi class 10)

ímbongi (canonical class-9)
iímbongi (class-10 plural)

[íᵐb̥o̤ːᵑɡ̊i̤]

From in- + -bonga (“to praise”) + -i (agent noun suffix).


ngomso

[ᵑɡ̊o̤m̩̂ːsó]


libala

From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ̀bada, extensive derivation of Proto-Bantu *-dɪ̀ba (“forget”).


intsimbi

xh-noun

íntsîmbi class 9 (plural íintsîmbi class 10)

íntsîmbi (canonical class-9)
íintsîmbi (class-10 plural)

[íⁿtsîːᵐb̥i̤]

Cognate with Luganda ensimbi, Shona simbi, Sotho tshepe, and Venda tsimbi.


isibini

ísíbiní class 7 (plural ízíbiní class 8)

ísíbiní (canonical class-7)
ízíbiní (class-8 plural)

From Proto-Nguni *ísíbilí. Equivalent to isi- + -bini.


ihlwempu

íhlwempú class 5 (plural ámáhlwempú class 6)

íhlwempú (canonical class-5)
ámáhlwempú (class-6 plural)


igwinya

ígwinyá class 5 (plural ámágwinyá class 6)

ígwinyá (canonical class-5)
ámágwinyá (class-6 plural)


ugqirha

úgqirha class 1a (plural óogqirha class 2a)

úgqirha (canonical class-1a)
óogqirha (class-2a plural)

From a Khoe language; compare Khoekhoe ǃgaixa (“one who has black magic”).


igqirha

xh-noun

ígqirha class 5 (plural ámágqirha class 6)

ígqirha (canonical class-5)
ámágqirha (class-6 plural)

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǃgaixa (“witch doctor”).


igqwirha

ígqwírha class 5 (plural ámágqwírha class 6)

ígqwírha (canonical class-5)
ámágqwírha (class-6 plural)

[íɡ̊ǃʷǐ̤ːxa]


igqwirhakazi

ígqwírhákazi class 5 (plural ámágqwírhákazi class 6)

ígqwírhákazi (canonical class-5)
ámágqwírhákazi (class-6 plural)

[íɡ̊ǃʷǐ̤xákaːz̥i̤]


iqwarhashe

iqwarhashe class 5 (plural amaqwarhashe class 6)


ilishwa

ílíshwa class 5 (plural ámáshwa class 6)

ílíshwa (canonical class-5)
ámáshwa (class-6 plural)


hlafuna

From Proto-Bantu *-cákuna, a variant of Proto-Bantu *-tákuna.


khonza

From Proto-Bantu *-kʊ́ndia, causative form of Proto-Bantu *kʊ́nda. Cognate with Rwanda-Rundi -kunda (“to like, to love”).


mka

From Proto-Bantu *-jímʊka, separative form of Proto-Bantu *jíma.


ngcwaba

Probably from a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀhowas (“grave”). However, it could come from a Tuu language. Compare Nǀuu ŋǀoβa (“bury”).


ngxola

Cognate with Khoekhoe ǁnora (“hinder, plague someone”)


nkcenkceshela

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀâǀâs (“irrigation”).


qesha

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe !gae (“hire”).


vutha

(intransitive) to be ablaze, to flare up


vuya

From Proto-Bantu *-búga (“speak”). A possible explanation for the semantic shift is "speak" → "talk a lot" → "be energetic" → "be glad". See Zulu -thetha for a similar semantic shift.


tsha

-tshá (canonical)
endimtsha (first-person positive singular)
endingemtsha (first-person negative singular)
ndimtsha (first-person positive singular)
andimtsha (first-person negative singular)
omtsha (positive second-person singular)
ongemtsha (negative second-person singular)
umtsha (positive second-person singular)
awumtsha (negative second-person singular)
esibatsha (first-person plural positive)
esingebatsha (first-person negative plural)
sibatsha (first-person plural positive)
asibatsha (first-person negative plural)
enibatsha (plural positive second-person)
eningebatsha (negative plural second-person)
nibatsha (plural positive second-person)
anibatsha (negative plural second-person)
omtsha (positive)
ongemtsha (negative)
mtsha (positive)
akamtsha (negative)
abatsha (positive)
abangebatsha (negative)
batsha (positive)
ababatsha (negative)
awumtsha (negative)
emitsha (positive)
engemitsha (negative)
mitsha (positive)
ayimitsha (negative)
elitsha (positive)
elingelitsha (negative)
litsha (positive)
alilitsha (negative)
amatsha (positive)
angematsha (negative)
matsha (positive)
awamatsha (negative)
esitsha (positive)
esingesitsha (negative)
sitsha (positive)
asisitsha (negative)
ezintsha (positive)
ezingezintsha (negative)
zintsha (positive)
azizintsha (negative)
entsha (positive)
engentsha (negative)
intsha (positive)
ayiyintsha (negative)
olutsha (positive)
olungelutsha (negative)
lutsha (positive)
alulutsha (negative)
obutsha (positive)
obungebutsha (negative)
butsha (positive)
abubutsha (negative)
okutsha (positive)
okungekutsha (negative)
kutsha (positive)
akukutsha (negative)


molweni

hello, a greeting (salutation) said when meeting someone or acknowledging someone's arrival or presence


yeka

From Proto-Bantu *-dèka (“let, let go, cease, allow”). The expected reflex would be -leka. However, some Nguni dialects have /j/ as a regular reflex of *d, so this may be explained as a borrowing from another dialect.


umdlalo

xh-noun

úḿdlâlo class 3 (plural ímídlâlo class 4)

úḿdlâlo (canonical class-3)
ímídlâlo (class-4 plural)

[úḿ̩ɮ̥a̤᷈ːlo]


impazamo

ímpázamo class 9 (plural íimpázamo class 10)

ímpázamo (canonical class-9)
íimpázamo (class-10 plural)


umfundi

úḿfúndi class 1 (plural ábáfúndi class 2)

úḿfúndi (canonical class-1)
ábáfúndi (class-2 plural)

[úḿ̩fúːⁿd̥i̤]


umhlobo

úḿhlobo class 1 (plural ábáhlobo class 2)

úḿhlobo (canonical class-1)
ábáhlobo (class-2 plural)


umkhuluwa

úḿkhulúwa class 1 (plural ábákhulúwa class 2)

úḿkhulúwa (canonical class-1)
ábákhulúwa (class-2 plural)


umlimi

úḿlimi (canonical class-1)
ábálimi (class-2 plural)


ummelwana

ummelwana class 1 (plural abamelwana class 2)


umninawa

úḿnináwa class 1 (plural ábánináwa class 2)

úḿnináwa (canonical class-1)
ábánináwa (class-2 plural)


umntakwethu

umntakwethu class 1 (plural abantakwethu class 2)


umnumzana

umnumzana class 1 (plural abanumzana class 2)


umongikazi

úmóngíkâzi class 1 (plural ábóngíkâzi class 2)

úmóngíkâzi (canonical class-1)
ábóngíkâzi (class-2 plural)

[úmóᵑɡ̊ǐ̤kâːz̥i̤]


umongameli

umongameli class 1 (plural abongameli class 2)


umphathi

úḿpháthi class 1 (plural ábápháthi class 2)

úḿpháthi (canonical class-1)
ábápháthi (class-2 plural)

[úḿ̩pʰáːtʰi]


umpheki

úḿpheki class 1 (plural ábápheki class 2)

úḿpheki (canonical class-1)
ábápheki (class-2 plural)


umzukulwana

úḿzukulwâna class 1 (plural ábázukulwâna class 2)

úḿzukulwâna (canonical class-1)
ábázukulwâna (class-2 plural)

[úḿ̩z̥ṳkulʷâːna]


ubawo

úbawó (canonical class-1a)
óobawó (class-2a plural)


ubawomkhulu

úbawómkhûlu class 1a (plural óobawómkhûlu class 2a)

úbawómkhûlu (canonical class-1a)
óobawómkhûlu (class-2a plural)


uloliwe

úlóliwé class 1a (plural óolóliwé class 2a)

úlóliwé (canonical class-1a)
óolóliwé (class-2a plural)


umakhulu

úmákhûlu class 1a (plural óomákhûlu class 2a)

úmákhûlu (canonical class-1a)
óomákhûlu (class-2a plural)


umbona

úmbóna class 1a (plural óombóna class 2a)

úmbóna (canonical class-1a)
óombóna (class-2a plural)


unyana

únyâna class 1a (plural óonyâna class 2a)

únyâna (canonical class-1a)
óonyâna (class-2a plural)


umfuno

úḿfûno (canonical class-3)
ímífûno (class-4 plural)


umgubo

úḿgûbo (canonical class-3)
ímígûbo (class-4 plural)

[úḿ̩ɡ̊ṳ᷈ːɓo]


umhla

úm̂hla (canonical class-3)
ímîhla (class-4 plural)

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jícá, a variant of Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jícɪ́.


umhlakulo

úḿhlákulo class 3 (plural ímíhlákulo class 4)

úḿhlákulo (canonical class-3)
ímíhlákulo (class-4 plural)

[úḿ̩ɬákuːlo]


umnyaka

úḿnyâka class 3 (plural ímínyâka class 4)

úḿnyâka (canonical class-3)
ímínyâka (class-4 plural)