colon

Borrowed from English colon from Latin cŏlon, from Ancient Greek κόλον (kólon).

(anatomy) colon (part of the large intestine)


pen

From Middle Welsh and Old Welsh penn, from Proto-Brythonic *penn, from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom.

gobennu

to terminate, to accent on the penultimate syllable


colomen

colomennod (plural)
colomen
golomen (soft)
ngholomen
cholomen
clomen (alternative)

From Middle Welsh colomen, from Proto-Brythonic *kolom (from Latin columba) + -en.


cochlea

cochleâu (plural)
cochlea
gochlea (soft)
nghochlea
chochlea


elin

elinoedd (plural)
elinau (plural)
elin
helin (prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh elin, from Old Welsh elin, Proto-Brythonic *ölin, from Proto-Celtic *olīnā (“elbow; angle”), from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l- (“to bend”).
Cognates
Cognate with Cornish elin, Breton ilin, Scottish Gaelic uileann, Irish uillinn; non-Celtic cognates include Old English eln(bōga), Latin ulna, Ancient Greek ὠλένη (ōlénē).


cala

caliau (plural)
cala
gala (soft)
nghala
chala
cal (alternative)
caly (alternative)

From Proto-Celtic *kalgā. Cognate with Cornish kal, kalgh; Breton kalc'h.


bron

From Middle Welsh bronn, from Proto-Brythonic *bronn, from Proto-Celtic *brusū (“belly”).

Cariad mam sy dan fy mron

Mae bronnau ardderchog gyda hi. (South)

1979, Heini Gruffudd, Look Up The Welsh: A Welsh Phrase Book, Y Lolfa Press


croen

cy-noun

croen m (usually uncountable, plural crwyn)

crwyn (plural)
croen
groen (soft)
nghroen
chroen

From Old Welsh groen, from Proto-Brythonic *krʉn, from Proto-Celtic *kroknom, syncope of *krokkenom (compare Cornish kroghen, Breton kroc'hen, Old Irish croiccenn), of unknown origin. Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“cut off”), although this gave corwg and ysgaru.


ais

eisen (singulative)
ais
hais (prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh eis, from early Proto-Brythonic *assī, a plural derived secondarily from Proto-Celtic *ast, from pre-Celtic *h₂est, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”) (compare Irish easna, Latin os, Albanian asht). Doublet of asen; related to asgwrn.


rhefr

From Proto-Celtic *remros (“great, fat, thick”) (compare Breton reor (“backside, rump”), Irish ramhar (“thick, plump”)).


calon

calonnau (plural)
calon
galon (soft)
nghalon
chalon

From Middle Welsh callon, from Proto-Brythonic *kalwon, from Proto-Celtic *kalwond- (“heart”). Cognate with Breton kalon.

(anatomy) heart
core (of apple, cabbage, etc.)

(anatomy) heart
center, inner or hidden part


caill

ceilliau (plural)
caill
gaill (soft)
nghaill
chaill

From Middle Welsh keill, from Proto-Brythonic *köll (compare Breton and Cornish kell), from Latin coleus, from Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós).


bys

From Middle Welsh bys, from Proto-Celtic *bistis (finger).


dant

cy-noun

dant m (plural dannedd or daint or danheddau)

dannedd (plural)
daint (plural)
danheddau (plural)
dant
ddant (soft)
nant
daint (alternative)

From Middle Welsh dant, from Proto-Brythonic *dant, from Proto-Celtic *dant, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts.


oesoffagws

oesoffagi (plural)
oesoffagws
hoesoffagws (prothesis-h)


trwyn

trwynau (plural)
trwyn
drwyn (soft)
nhrwyn
thrwyn

From Proto-Celtic *trognī- (“nose”), with further origin uncertain; perhaps related to ffroen (“nostril”). Cognate with Cornish tron, Breton stroen, and also with French trogne via Gaulish trugna (“nose, snout”).


ymennydd

ymenyddiau (plural)
ymennydd
hymennydd (prothesis-h)

From Proto-Celtic *en-kʷennio-, corresponding to yn (“in”) + pen (“head”). Cognate with Breton empenn, Irish inchinn.


taflod

taflodydd (plural)
taflodau (plural)
taflod
daflod (soft)
nhaflod
thaflod


coes

coes f or m (plural coesau, diminutive coesen or coesyn)

coesau (plural)
coesen (diminutive)
coesyn (diminutive)
coes
goes (soft)
nghoes
choes

From Middle Welsh coes, probably from Proto-Brythonic *koɨs, from Proto-Celtic *koxsā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *koḱs-. Cognate with Old Irish cos (“leg”) and Latin coxa (“hip”).


gwialen

gwialen f (plural gwialenni or gwialennod)

gwialenni (plural)
gwialennod (plural)
gwialen
wialen (soft)
ngwialen


gïau

gïau m (collective, singulative giewyn or gewyn)

giewyn (singulative)
gewyn (singulative)
gïau
ïau (soft)
ngïau

From Middle Welsh gieu, from Proto-Brythonic *giow, plural of *gi.


ysgwydd

ysgwyddau (plural)
ysgwydd
hysgwydd (prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *skuɨð, from Proto-Celtic *skeidā.


clust

clustiau (plural)
clust
glust (soft)
nghlust
chlust

From Proto-Brythonic *klʉst, from Proto-Celtic *kloustā, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew-.


gwddw

gyddfau (plural)
gwddw
wddw (soft)
ngwddw
gwddf (alternative)
gwddwg (alternative)


mwnwgl

mynyglau (plural)
mwnwgl
fwnwgl (soft)
mwnwg (alternative)
mynwgl (alternative)

From Middle Welsh mwnwgyl, from Proto-Brythonic *munugl, alteration of Proto-Celtic *moniklos, cognate with Old Irish muinél, derived from Proto-Celtic *monis (from which Old Irish muin (“neck, nape”) and Welsh mŵn (“neck”)), from Proto-Indo-European *mon-i- (“neck”). Related to Sanskrit मन्या (mányā-, “neck”), Latin monīle (“necklace”), and English mane. Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to stand out”).


gwddwg

gyddygau (plural)
gwddwg
wddwg (soft)
ngwddwg
gwddf (alternative)
gwddw (alternative)


pen-lin

pen-liniau (plural)
pen-lin
ben-lin (soft)
mhen-lin
phen-lin
pen-glin (alternative)


cefn

cy-noun

cefn m (plural cefnau or cefnoedd or cefnydd)

cefnau (plural)
cefnoedd (plural)
cefnydd (plural)
cefn
gefn (soft)
nghefn
chefn

From Middle Welsh keuen. Related to Breton kein (“back”), Cornish keyn (“back”), Gaulish Cebenna (“ridge, height”) (whence French Cévennes).

ar gefn

in addition to, as a consequence of, with regard to; at the expense of; on top, upon, up to

cefn lloer

full moon; crescent of the moon, half moon

cefnog

backed, having a back; strong, stout brave

yng nghefn

behind one's back, underhand; following, pursuing

(anatomy) back, rear
(figuratively) back, support


bys troed

bys troed m (plural bysedd traed or bysedd troed)

bysedd traed (plural)
bysedd troed (plural)
bys troed
fys troed (soft)
mys troed

bys

when not specified in contradistinction with a finger

(anatomy) toe (when specified in contradistinction with a finger)


talcen

talcennau (plural)
talcenni (plural)
talcen
dalcen (soft)
nhalcen
thalcen

From Proto-Celtic *talo-. Cognate with Cornish tal, toal, Breton tal, talbenn.


penelin

penelinoedd (plural)
penelin
benelin (soft)
mhenelin
phenelin
pen elin (alternative)

From pen (“end (of), head (of)”) + elin (“elbow, forearm”).

affix

nes penelin nag arddwrn

blood is thicker than water; the elbow is nearer than the wrist


gwisg

gwisgoedd (plural)
gwisg
wisg (soft)
ngwisg

From Proto-Brythonic *gwesk, from Proto-Celtic *weskā, itself from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to dress, clothe”).
Cognate with Latin vestis, English wear, Old Armenian զգեստ (zgest), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹 (wasti), Tocharian B wastsi, and Ancient Greek εἷμα (heîma, “garment”).
In Celtic, compare Old Cornish guisc, Breton gwisk.


cwd

cy-noun

cwd m (plural cydau, diminutive cwdyn or cydyn)

cydau (plural)
cwdyn (diminutive)
cydyn (diminutive)
cwd
gwd (soft)
nghwd
chwd

If not borrowed from Latin cutis (“skin”), cwd is the sole surviving Celtic reflex (via Proto-Brythonic *kud, from Proto-Celtic *kutis) of Proto-Indo-European *kuH-ti-, which is composed of the root *kew(H)- (zero-grade without s-mobile form of *(s)kewH- (“to cover”)) + *-tis (a deverbal abstract noun suffix). In addition to Latin cutis, cognate with Lithuanian kutỹs (“purse”), Old English hȳd (modern English hide (noun)).

suf

zero-grade without s-mobile form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*(s)kewH-</i> (“to cover”)

(anatomy) scrotum, cod; any bag-like cavity or organ in body, sac


ceillgwd

ceillgydau (plural)
ceillgwd
geillgwd (soft)
ngheillgwd
cheillgwd

From caill (“testicle”) + cwd (“sac, pouch”).


pidyn

pidynnau (plural)
pidyn
bidyn (soft)
mhidyn
phidyn


cyswllt

cy-noun

cyswllt m (plural cysylltau or cysylltiau)

From Middle Welsh kysswllt, from Proto-Brythonic *kusulld, from Vulgar Latin *cōnsoldus, cōnsolidus; cf. Latin cōnsolidō.


cynffon

cynffon f (plural cynffonnau or cynffonion)

cynffonnau (plural)
cynffonion (plural)
cynffon
gynffon (soft)
nghynffon
chynffon

cynffonna

to wag the tail, to fawn, to suck up to (someone)


gwain

gweiniau (plural)
gwain
wain (soft)
ngwain

From Middle Welsh gwein, from Proto-Brythonic *gwėɣin, from Latin vāgīna. Cognate with Breton gouin, Cornish gweyn.


croth

crothau (plural)
croth
groth (soft)
nghroth
chroth


arddwrn

arddyrnau (plural)
arddwrn
harddwrn (prothesis-h)

Univerbation of ar + dwrn (“hand, fist”). Cognate with Breton arzorn.


cymal

cymalau (plural)
cymal
gymal (soft)
nghymal
chymal


cledr

head

cledr f or f pl (singulative cledren, plural cledrau)

cledren (singulative)
cledrau (plural)
cledr
gledr (soft)
nghledr
chledr

From Proto-Celtic *kli-trā, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlíto (“post, trimmed log”), ultimately related to *ḱley- (“to lean”); see also Old Norse hlíð (“slope”), Welsh clwyd (“gate, hurdle”), Lithuanian šli̇̀tė (“ladder”), pã-šlitas (“curved”). Celtic cognates include Middle Breton clezr, Middle Irish clithar, clethar (“shelter, covert, fastness; protection”).


tagell

cy-noun

tagell f (plural tagellau or tagelli or tegyll)

tagellau (plural)
tagelli (plural)
tegyll (plural)
tagell
dagell (soft)
nhagell
thagell

From tag (“choking, strangulation”) + -ell.


sawdl

sawdl m or f (plural sodlau, not mutable)

From Middle Welsh saudel, from Proto-Brythonic [Term?], from Proto-Celtic *stātlā or *stādlā (“heel”), from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂tleh₂ or *stéh₂dʰleh₂ (“that which is used for standing”) respectively, from the root *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-tleh₂/*-dʰleh₂ (instrument noun suffix). Cognate with Cornish seudhel, Middle Breton seuzl, Irish sáil, Scottish Gaelic sàil and Manx saayl.


cesail

ceseiliau (plural)
cesail
gesail (soft)
nghesail
chesail


ffêr

From Proto-Brythonic *fer, from Proto-Celtic *sɸerā.


llost

From Middle Welsh llost, from Proto-Brythonic *llost, from Proto-Celtic *lustā, from the Proto-Indo-European root *lew- (“todivide, to split”), possibly related to Old Norse ljósta (“to strike”). Cognate with Breton lost, Cornish lost, Gaulish losto-,


mynegfys

mynegfysedd (plural)
mynegfys
fynegfys (soft)

From mynegi (“to express”) + bys (“finger”).


rhych

Inherited from Middle Welsh rych, from Proto-Celtic *ɸrikā, from Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (“to dig”). Cognate with English furrow and Latin porca (“ridge”).

rhychiog

grooved; corrugated; striated; furrowed (brow)

rhychu

to groove; corrugate; striate; furrow (brow)


sgerbwd

sgerbwd m (plural sgerbydau, not mutable)

sgerbydau (plural)
ysgerbwd (alternative)


lwyn

Borrowed from Old French loigne or Middle English loyne, ultimately from Latin lumbus (“loin”).

(anatomy) loins (of human being or animal)


chwysigen

chwysigen f (plural chwysigod, not mutable)

/χwəˈsiːɡɛn/

From Middle Welsh chuyssigen, an alteration (with the suffix -en) of Proto-Brythonic *guɨsig, from Latin vēsīca (“bladder”).


bys bach

bysedd bach (plural)
bys bach
fys bach (soft)
mys bach


bogail

bogail m or f (plural bogeiliau or bogelau)

bogeiliau (plural)
bogelau (plural)
bogail
fogail (soft)
mogail


rhedweli

rhedweli m or f (plural rhedwelïau or rhedwelïoedd)

rhedwelïau (plural)
rhedwelïoedd (plural)
rhedweli
redweli (soft)
rhedwel (alternative)
rhydweli (alternative)
rhwydweli (alternative)

rhed- (“run”) + gweli (“bleeding wound”).


cymalol

cy-adj

cymalol (feminine singular cymalol, plural cymalol, equative mor gymalol, comparative mwy cymalol, superlative mwyaf cymalol)

cymalol (feminine singular)
cymalol (plural)
mor gymalol (equative)
mwy cymalol (comparative)
mwyaf cymalol (superlative)
cymalol
gymalol (soft)
nghymalol
chymalol


uwdfys

uwdfysedd (plural)
uwdfys
huwdfys (prothesis-h)
bys yr uwd (alternative)

/ˈɨ̞u̯dvɨ̞s/


ofari

ofarïau (plural)
ofari
hofari (prothesis-h)


wyfa

cy-noun

wyfa f (plural wyfaoedd or wyfeydd or wyfâu)

wyfaoedd (plural)
wyfeydd (plural)
wyfâu (plural)
wyfa
hwyfa (prothesis-h)


palf

palfau (plural)
palf
balf (soft)
mhalf
phalf

Borrowed from Latin palma (“palm”). Cognate with Cornish palv. Doublet of llaw.


bys llaw

bys llaw m (plural bysedd llaw or bysedd dwylo)

bysedd llaw (plural)
bysedd dwylo (plural)
bys llaw
fys llaw (soft)
mys llaw

(anatomy) finger (when specified in contradistinction with a toe)


troedfys

traedfysedd (plural)
troedfys
droedfys (soft)
nhroedfys
throedfys

(anatomy, obsolete) toe (when specified in contradistinction with a finger)


gwythïen

gwythïen m or f (plural gwythiennau or gwythienni)

gwythiennau (plural)
gwythienni (plural)
gwythïen
wythïen (soft)
ngwythïen
gwythen (alternative)

Singulative of gwythi (“veins”, archaic), plural of gŵyth (“vein”, archaic).


pen-glin

pen-gliniau (plural)
pen-glin
ben-glin (soft)
mhen-glin
phen-glin


cesail morddwyd

cy-noun

cesail morddwyd f (plural ceseiliau morddwydydd)

ceseiliau morddwydydd (plural)
cesail morddwyd
gesail morddwyd (soft)
nghesail morddwyd
chesail morddwyd
cesail y forddwyd (alternative)


morddwyd

morddwydydd (plural)
morddwyd
forddwyd (soft)


cesail y forddwyd

cesail y forddwyd f (plural ceseiliau y morddwydydd)

ceseiliau y morddwydydd (plural)
cesail y forddwyd
gesail y forddwyd (soft)
nghesail y forddwyd
chesail y forddwyd

(anatomy) Alternative form of cesail morddwyd (“groin”)


gwäell y fraich

gwäell y fraich f (plural gwëyll y breich)

gwëyll y breich (plural)
gwäell y fraich
wäell y fraich (soft)
ngwäell y fraich
gwäell braich (alternative)

(anatomy) radius (long bone in the forearm)


bys yr uwd

bysedd yr uwd (plural)
bys yr uwd
fys yr uwd (soft)
mys yr uwd
uwdfys (alternative)


islygadol

cy-adj

islygadol (feminine singular islygadol, plural islygadol, not comparable)

islygadol (feminine singular)
islygadol (plural)

Calque of English infraorbital. By surface analysis, is- (“sub-, infra-”) + llygadol (“ocular, orbital”).


ysgyfarn

ysgyfarnau (plural)
ysgyfarn
hysgyfarn (prothesis-h)
ysgyfar (alternative)

From Middle Welsh yskyvarn, from Proto-Brythonic *skuβarn. Cognate with Breton skouarn and Cornish skovarn.


cogwrn clust

cy-noun

cogwrn clust m (plural cogyrnau clustiau)

cogyrnau clustiau (plural)
cogwrn clust
gogwrn clust (soft)
nghogwrn clust
chogwrn clust