siglo

cy-verb

siglo (first-person singular present siglaf, not mutable)

siglaf (first-person present singular)
siglaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
sigli (future indicative present second-person singular)
sigla (future indicative present singular third-person)
siglwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
siglwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
siglant (future indicative plural present third-person)
siglir (future impersonal indicative present)
siglwn (conditional first-person singular)
siglwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
siglit (conditional second-person singular)
siglit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
siglai (conditional singular third-person)
siglai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
siglem (conditional first-person plural)
siglem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
siglech (conditional plural second-person)
siglech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
siglent (conditional plural third-person)
siglent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
siglid (conditional impersonal)
siglid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
siglais (first-person preterite singular)
siglaist (preterite second-person singular)
siglodd (preterite singular third-person)
siglasom (first-person plural preterite)
siglasoch (plural preterite second-person)
siglasant (plural preterite third-person)
siglwyd (impersonal preterite)
siglaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
siglasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
siglasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
siglasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
siglasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
siglasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
siglasid (impersonal pluperfect)
siglesid (impersonal pluperfect)
siglwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
siglych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
siglo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
siglom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
sigloch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
siglont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
sigler (impersonal present subjunctive)
sigla (imperative second-person singular)
sigled (imperative singular third-person)
siglwn (first-person imperative plural)
siglwch (imperative plural second-person)
siglent (imperative plural third-person)
sigler (imperative impersonal)
siglo (noun-from-verb)
sigledig (participle)
sigladwy (participle)
sigla i (first-person future singular)
siglaf i (first-person future singular)
sigli di (future second-person singular)
siglith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
sigliff e (future singular third-person)
siglwn ni (first-person future plural)
siglwch chi (future plural second-person)
siglan nhw (future plural third-person)
siglwn i (conditional first-person singular)
siglswn i (conditional first-person singular)
siglet ti (conditional second-person singular)
siglset ti (conditional second-person singular)
siglai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
siglsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
siglen ni (conditional first-person plural)
siglsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
siglech chi (conditional plural second-person)
siglsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
siglen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
siglsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
siglais i (first-person preterite singular)
sigles i (first-person preterite singular)
siglaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
siglest ti (preterite second-person singular)
siglodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
siglon ni (first-person plural preterite)
sigloch chi (plural preterite second-person)
siglon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
sigla (imperative second-person singular)
siglwch (imperative plural second-person)

Imitative; compare English jiggle, English shoogle.


tenant

tenantiaid (plural)
tenant (mutation mutation-radical)
denant (mutation mutation-soft)
nhenant (mutation mutation-nasal)
thenant (mutation mutation-aspirate)


hais

ais (mutation mutation-radical)
hais (mutation prothesis-h)


trai

trai (mutation mutation-radical)
drai (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrai (mutation mutation-nasal)
thrai (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh trei, from Proto-Celtic *trāgi (“low tide, beach”). Cognate with Old Irish tráig (“shore, strand; ebb tide”).


'n

Mae hi'n darllen.

Mae hi'n gysglyd.

Mae hi'n ferch.

Alternative form of yn (used after a vowel).


'n

head

'n (triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)

of a following vowel (triggers-h-prothesis)

Dyna'n harian ni.


'n

Mae e yma i'n harfarnu.

Fe'n magwyd yng ngefn gwlad.

We were brought up (lit. One brought us up) in the countryside.

us (as the direct object of a verbal noun or verb)


ati

(literary, colloquial) third-person singular feminine of at


fait

bait (mutation mutation-radical)
fait (mutation mutation-soft)
mait (mutation mutation-nasal)


Ann

Ann (mutation mutation-radical)
Hann (mutation prothesis-h)

חַנָּה חנה#Hebrew

a female given name from Ancient Greek Ἄννα (Ánna) [in turn from Hebrew חַנָּה (“Hana”)]


cas

cy-adj

cas (feminine singular cas, plural cas, equative cased, comparative casach, superlative casaf)

cas (feminine singular)
cas (plural)
cased (equative)
casach (comparative)
casaf (superlative)

From Middle Welsh and Old Welsh cas, from Proto-Brythonic *kas.

Mae’n gas gyda fi gwrw.

I hate beer. (literally, “Beer is hateful with me.”)


cas

cas (mutation mutation-radical)
gas (mutation mutation-soft)
nghas (mutation mutation-nasal)
chas (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Inflected form of cael (“to have; to receive, to get”).


halibalŵ

cy-noun

halibalŵ m or f (uncountable, not mutable)


ait

ait (mutation mutation-radical)
hait (mutation prothesis-h)

(literary) second-person singular imperfect indicative/conditional of mynd


nitro-

(organic chemistry) nitro- (containing nitrogen)


para-

para- (mutation mutation-radical)
bara- (mutation mutation-soft)
mhara- (mutation mutation-nasal)
phara- (mutation mutation-aspirate)

See English para-, from Ancient Greek παρα- (para-).

para- + meddyg (“doctor”) → parafeddyg (“paramedic”)

para- + normal (“normal”) → paranormal (“paranormal”)

para- + ymatebol (“responsive, reactive”) → paraymatebol (“parasympathetic”)


-ion

From Proto-Brythonic *-onos, *-onā. Cognate to Cornish -yon, Breton -ien.

seiciatrydd (“psychiatrist”) + -ion → seiciatryddion (“psychiatrists”)

cymydog (“neighbour”) + -ion → cymdogion (“neighbours”)

mab (“son”) + -ion → meibion (“sons”)


-ion

tir (“land”) + -ion → tirion (“territory, plain, grassland”)


meth

methion (plural)
meth (mutation mutation-radical)
feth (mutation mutation-soft)

Ultimately from *mettom, a geminate form of Proto-Celtic *metom. Cognate with Irish meath.


Serbia

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Caer

Caer (mutation mutation-radical)
Gaer (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghaer (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chaer (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Latin castrum (“camp”), via caer (“fortified city”).

Chester (a city, the county town of Cheshire, in northwest England)


Alan

Alan (mutation mutation-radical)
Halan (mutation prothesis-h)

a male given name, feminine equivalent Alana


Ll

ll (lowercase)
llawen (mutation mutation-radical)
lawen (mutation mutation-soft)

The sixteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èll and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by L and followed by M.


Mai

Mai (mutation mutation-radical)
Fai (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh Mey, from Latin Maius.


Nest

One variant name of the daughter of Gruffudd ap Cynan.


Morgan

Morgan (mutation mutation-radical)
Forgan (mutation mutation-soft)

From Old Welsh Morcant, possibly from mor (“sea”) (Welsh môr) or maur (“great”) (Welsh mawr) + cant (“circle”) (Welsh cant), meaning “great chief” or “sea chief”.


Anna

Anna (mutation mutation-radical)
Hanna (mutation prothesis-h)

From Latin Anna, from Ancient Greek Ἄννα (Ánna), from Biblical Hebrew חַנָּה (ḥannâ, literally “grace, gracious”).

der

חַנָּה חנה#Hebrew


Ng

The eleventh letter of the Welsh alphabet, called eng and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by G and followed by H.


Tad

y Tad (canonical masculine)
Tad (mutation mutation-radical)
Dad (mutation mutation-soft)
Nhad (mutation mutation-nasal)
Thad (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(Christianity) the Father (person of the Holy Trinity)


Mari

Mari (mutation mutation-radical)
Fari (mutation mutation-soft)

a female given name, equivalent to English Mary

plant Mari

derogatory term for Roman Catholics or the Irish, "Mary's children"


rh

Rh (uppercase)
rhedeg (mutation mutation-radical)
redeg (mutation mutation-soft)

The twenty-third letter of the Welsh alphabet, called rhi and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by R and followed by S.


Protestant

Protestaniaid (plural)
Protestant (mutation mutation-radical)
Brotestant (mutation mutation-soft)
Mhrotestant (mutation mutation-nasal)
Phrotestant (mutation mutation-aspirate)


thor

tor (mutation mutation-radical)
dor (mutation mutation-soft)
nhor (mutation mutation-nasal)
thor (mutation mutation-aspirate)


hydref

Possibly from hydd (“stag”) + bref (“bellow”), from the fact that autumn is the season when red deer rut. Cognate with Cornish hedra, Breton here.


F

The eighth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èf and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by E and followed by Ff.


thai

tai (mutation mutation-radical)
dai (mutation mutation-soft)
nhai (mutation mutation-nasal)
thai (mutation mutation-aspirate)


A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called didolnod (“separation mark”) in Welsh, and found on Ä/ä, Ë/ë, Ï/ï, Ö/ö, Ü/ü, Ẅ/ẅ and Ÿ/ÿ.


coed

head

coed f or f pl (plural coedydd or coedau, singulative coeden)

coedydd (plural)
coedau (plural)
coeden (singulative)
coed (mutation mutation-radical)
goed (mutation mutation-soft)
nghoed (mutation mutation-nasal)
choed (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Old Welsh coit, from Proto-Brythonic *koɨd, from Proto-Celtic *kaitos, from Proto-Indo-European *kayt-, *ḱayt- (“forest, wasteland, pasture”). Cognate with English heath.


fand

band (mutation mutation-radical)
fand (mutation mutation-soft)
mand (mutation mutation-nasal)


B

b (lowercase)
Bangor (mutation mutation-radical)
Fangor (mutation mutation-soft)
Mangor (mutation mutation-nasal)

The second letter of the Welsh alphabet, called bi and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by A and followed by C.


decaf

tecaf (mutation mutation-radical)
decaf (mutation mutation-soft)
nhecaf (mutation mutation-nasal)
thecaf (mutation mutation-aspirate)


L

The fourteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called el and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by J and followed by Ll.


Aran

Aran (mutation mutation-radical)
Haran (mutation prothesis-h)

a male given name transferred from the place name

a set of mynyddoedd (“mountains”) in Gwynedd


cu

cy-adj

cu (feminine singular cu, plural cu, equative cued, comparative cuach, superlative cuaf)

cu (feminine singular)
cu (plural)
cued (equative)
cuach (comparative)
cuaf (superlative)
cu (mutation mutation-radical)
gu (mutation mutation-soft)
nghu (mutation mutation-nasal)
chu (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh ku, from Proto-Brythonic *kʉβ̃ (compare Breton kuñv), from Proto-Celtic *koimos (“dear, nice”) (compare Old Irish cóem), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóymos (“of the home, belonging to the family”) (compare English home, Lithuanian káimas (“village, countryside”), Sanskrit क्षेम (kṣéma, “basis, foundation”)).


D

d (lowercase)
Dinbych (mutation mutation-radical)
Ddinbych (mutation mutation-soft)
Ninbych (mutation mutation-nasal)

The fifth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called di and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by Ch and followed by Dd.


G

g (lowercase)
Gwynedd (mutation mutation-radical)
Wynedd (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngwynedd (mutation mutation-nasal)

The tenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èg and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by Ff and followed by Ng.


E

e (lowercase)
eliffant (mutation mutation-radical)
heliffant (mutation prothesis-h)

The seventh letter of the Welsh alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by Dd and followed by F.


mach

bach (mutation mutation-radical)
fach (mutation mutation-soft)
mach (mutation mutation-nasal)


unir

(literary) impersonal present/future of uno


R

The twenty-second letter of the Welsh alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by Ph and followed by Rh.


J

The fourteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called je and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by I and followed by L.


C

c (lowercase)
Cymru (mutation mutation-radical)
Gymru (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghymru (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chymru (mutation mutation-aspirate)

The third letter of the Welsh alphabet, called ec and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by B and followed by Ch.


N

The eighteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called en and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by M and followed by O.


P

p (lowercase)
prawf (mutation mutation-radical)
brawf (mutation mutation-soft)
mhrawf (mutation mutation-nasal)
phrawf (mutation mutation-aspirate)

The twentieth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called pi and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by O and followed by Ph.


seminar

cy-noun

seminar m (plural seminarau, not mutable)

From English seminar, from German Seminar, from Latin sēminārium, from sēmen (“seed”).


medi

cy-verb

medi (first-person singular present medaf)

medaf (first-person present singular)
medaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
medi (future indicative present second-person singular)
med (future indicative present singular third-person)
meda (future indicative present singular third-person)
medwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
medwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
medant (future indicative plural present third-person)
medir (future impersonal indicative present)
medwn (conditional first-person singular)
medwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
medit (conditional second-person singular)
medit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
medai (conditional singular third-person)
medai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
medem (conditional first-person plural)
medem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
medech (conditional plural second-person)
medech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
medent (conditional plural third-person)
medent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
medid (conditional impersonal)
medid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
medais (first-person preterite singular)
medaist (preterite second-person singular)
medodd (preterite singular third-person)
medasom (first-person plural preterite)
medasoch (plural preterite second-person)
medasant (plural preterite third-person)
medwyd (impersonal preterite)
medaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
medasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
medasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
medasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
medasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
medasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
medasid (impersonal pluperfect)
medesid (impersonal pluperfect)
medwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
medych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
medo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
medom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
medoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
medont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
meder (impersonal present subjunctive)
med (imperative second-person singular)
meda (imperative second-person singular)
meded (imperative singular third-person)
medwn (first-person imperative plural)
medwch (imperative plural second-person)
medent (imperative plural third-person)
meder (imperative impersonal)
medi (noun-from-verb)
mededig (participle)
medadwy (participle)
meda i (first-person future singular)
medaf i (first-person future singular)
medi di (future second-person singular)
medith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
mediff e (future singular third-person)
medwn ni (first-person future plural)
medwch chi (future plural second-person)
medan nhw (future plural third-person)
medwn i (conditional first-person singular)
medswn i (conditional first-person singular)
medet ti (conditional second-person singular)
medset ti (conditional second-person singular)
medai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
medsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
meden ni (conditional first-person plural)
medsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
medech chi (conditional plural second-person)
medsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
meden nhw (conditional plural third-person)
medsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
medais i (first-person preterite singular)
medes i (first-person preterite singular)
medaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
medest ti (preterite second-person singular)
medodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
medon ni (first-person plural preterite)
medoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
medon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
meda (imperative second-person singular)
medwch (imperative plural second-person)
medi (mutation mutation-radical)
fedi (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh medel, from Proto-Brythonic *medel, from Proto-Celtic *meteti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂met- (“to mow, reap”), enlargement of *h₂meh₁-.
See also Cornish mysi, Breton medi; also English meadow, Latin metō, Ancient Greek ἄμητος (ámētos, “harvest”).

cog

Myfi’n bugeilio’r gwenith gwyn

c. 1800, attributed to Wil Hopcyn, "Bugeilio’r gwenith gwyn"

I’m watching the white wheat
And someone else is reaping it.


T

t (lowercase)
tŷ (mutation mutation-radical)
dŷ (mutation mutation-soft)
nhŷ (mutation mutation-nasal)
thŷ (mutation mutation-aspirate)

The twenty-fifth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called bi and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by S and followed by Th.


H

The twelfth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called aitsh and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by Ng and followed by I.


U

u (lowercase)
uchelwydd (mutation mutation-radical)
huchelwydd (mutation prothesis-h)

The twenty-seventh letter of the Welsh alphabet, called u, u bedol, or u gwpan and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by Th and followed by W.


Y

y (lowercase)
ysgol (mutation mutation-radical)
hysgol (mutation prothesis-h)

The twenty-ninth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by W.


M

m (lowercase)
merch (mutation mutation-radical)
ferch (mutation mutation-soft)

The seventeenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called em and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by Ll and followed by N.


W

w (lowercase)
wy (mutation mutation-radical)
hwy (mutation prothesis-h)
wal (mutation mutation-radical)

The twenty-eighth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called w and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by U and followed by Y.


ystad

From Middle Welsh ystad, from Proto-Brythonic *ɨstad, from Latin status (compare Portuguese and Spanish estado, Occitan and Catalan estat, French été, état, Sardinian istadu, etc.).

(sociology, historical) estate, rank, station


ystad

ystadau (plural)
ystadiau (plural)
ystad (mutation mutation-radical)
hystad (mutation prothesis-h)

(metrology, historical) stadion (Greek unit of distance based on standardized footraces, equivalent to about 185.4 metres.)


S

The twenty-fourth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called ès and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by Rh and followed by T.


mo

Reduced form of ddim o (“not of, nothing of”).

Fwytais i mo'r moron.

Wela i mo'r ffilm 'na.

Chlywoch chi mo Owain.

Leician nhw mo wraig y dyn.

(colloquial) negative particle used when immediately preceding the definite article or a definite noun phrase


O

o (lowercase)
oren (mutation mutation-radical)
horen (mutation prothesis-h)

The nineteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by N and followed by P.


twp

cy-adj

twp (feminine singular twp, plural twp, equative twped, comparative twpach, superlative twpaf)

twp (feminine singular)
twp (plural)
twped (equative)
twpach (comparative)
twpaf (superlative)
twp (mutation mutation-radical)
dwp (mutation mutation-soft)
nhwp (mutation mutation-nasal)
thwp (mutation mutation-aspirate)

→ English: twp

2013, Eminem, Rap God (Welsh translation)

Paid bod yn dwp! (translation of English Don't be a retard!)
Don't be stupid!


eid

(literary) impersonal imperfect/conditional of mynd


gafas

cafas (mutation mutation-radical)
gafas (mutation mutation-soft)
nghafas (mutation mutation-nasal)
chafas (mutation mutation-aspirate)


glöyn byw

glöynnod bywion (plural)
glöyn byw (mutation mutation-radical)
löyn byw (mutation mutation-soft)
nglöyn byw (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˌɡloː.ɨ̞n ˈbɪu̯/

/ˌɡloː.ɨ̞n ˈbɨ̞u̯/

Literally “living coal”, in reference to many common species of nymphalid butterflies which are red-orange and black.


corrach

cy-noun

corrach m (plural corachod or corachiaid)

corachod (plural)
corachiaid (plural)
corrach (mutation mutation-radical)
gorrach (mutation mutation-soft)
nghorrach (mutation mutation-nasal)
chorrach (mutation mutation-aspirate)


dest

dest (mutation mutation-radical)
ddest (mutation mutation-soft)
nest (mutation mutation-nasal)

second-person singular preterite colloquial of dod


ych

From Middle Welsh ychen, from Proto-Brythonic *uxī, from *uxsū (compare Cornish ohen pl, Breton oc’hen pl), from Proto-Celtic *uxsū, from Proto-Indo-European *uksḗn.


ych

(South Wales) second-person plural and polite present colloquial of bod


ych

ych (mutation mutation-radical)
hych (mutation prothesis-h)


I

i (lowercase)
iwrch (mutation mutation-radical)
hiwrch (mutation prothesis-h)

The thirteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called i or i dot and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by H and followed by J.


weld

gweld (mutation mutation-radical)
weld (mutation mutation-soft)
ngweld (mutation mutation-nasal)


Ch

The fourth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èch and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by C and followed by D.


gau

cy-adj

gau (feminine singular gau, plural geuon, equative geued, comparative geuach, superlative geuaf)

gau (feminine singular)
geuon (plural)
geued (equative)
geuach (comparative)
geuaf (superlative)
gau (mutation mutation-radical)
au (mutation mutation-soft)
ngau (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *gāwā- (“falsehood, lie”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeH₂u- (“to be faulty, at fault, lacking”). Cognate with Cornish gow, Breton gaou; outside of Celtic, compare Latin haud (“scarcely, hardly”), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬎 (gau, “to commit a sin; to promote”).


gau

cau (mutation mutation-radical)
gau (mutation mutation-soft)
nghau (mutation mutation-nasal)
chau (mutation mutation-aspirate)


hwyl

Proto-Brythonic *huɨl, early borrowing from Old English seġl or Old Norse segl, both from Proto-Germanic *seglą (“sail”). Other meanings apparently derive from this, via the sense of successful progress, perhaps influenced by gŵyl (“holiday, feast”). Cognate with Breton gouel (“sail; feast”).

Lledwch yr hwyliau!

Dyw hi ddim mewn hwyliau da heddiw.

Sut hwyl gest ti?

How did you get on? (lit. What kind of success did you have?)

Pob hwyl i chi!

All the best! (lit. Every success to you!)

Mae'n un sy'n llawn hwyl.

He's a guy / She's a girl that's full of fun.

Mae'r pregethwr yn yr hwyl.

The preacher is at the high point of his sermon.

fervour, ecstatic inspiration, especially as exhibited by Nonconformist preachers


hwyl

Hwyl, bawb!


croeso

From croesaw (“welcome”), of unknown origin, possibly from croes (“cross”).

Mae’r gweinydd yn estyn croeso cynnes i ymwelwyr.

The waiter gives a warm welcome to visitors.


croeso

croeso! (canonical)
croeso (mutation mutation-radical)
groeso (mutation mutation-soft)
nghroeso (mutation mutation-nasal)
chroeso (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Aristoteles

Borrowed via Latin Aristotelēs from Ancient Greek Ἀριστοτέλης (Aristotélēs).


ces

ces (mutation mutation-radical)
ges (mutation mutation-soft)
nghes (mutation mutation-nasal)
ches (mutation mutation-aspirate)


yr

Alternative form of y (used before a word starting with a vowel or h)


talon

talon (mutation mutation-radical)
dalon (mutation mutation-soft)
nhalon (mutation mutation-nasal)
thalon (mutation mutation-aspirate)

first/third-person plural preterite colloquial of talu


Alec

Alec (mutation mutation-radical)
Halec (mutation prothesis-h)

a male given name from Ancient Greek Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros)


eli

elïau (plural)
eli (mutation mutation-radical)
heli (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh eli, from Proto-Brythonic *ėliv, borrowed from Latin olīvum, see olīva and oleum.


dd

The sixth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èdd and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by d and followed by e.


cared

cared (mutation mutation-radical)
gared (mutation mutation-soft)
nghared (mutation mutation-nasal)
chared (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(literary) third-person singular imperative of caru


nef

From Middle Welsh new, from Old Welsh nem, from Proto-Brythonic *neβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *nemos, from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos (“cloud”). Cognate with Breton neñv, Cornish nev and Irish neamh.

(frequently in the plural with singular meaning) heaven


elin

elinoedd (plural)
elinau (plural)
elin (mutation mutation-radical)
helin (mutation prothesis-h)

From Old Welsh elinou, from Proto-Celtic *olīnā (“elbow; angle”), from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l- (“to bend”).
Cognates
Cognate with Cornish elin, Breton ilin, Scottish Gaelic uileann, Irish uillinn; non-Celtic cognates include Old English eln(bōga), Latin ulna, Ancient Greek ὠλένη (ōlénē).


dyr

tyr (mutation mutation-radical)
dyr (mutation mutation-soft)
nhyr (mutation mutation-nasal)
thyr (mutation mutation-aspirate)


cariad

cariadus

loving, affectionate, kind; loved, beloved

(male) beloved (one); lover, sweetheart, darling, boyfriend


cariad

cariadau (plural)
cariadon (plural)
cariad (mutation mutation-radical)
gariad (mutation mutation-soft)
nghariad (mutation mutation-nasal)
chariad (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(female) beloved (one); lover, sweetheart, darling, girlfriend


elo

(literary) third-person singular present subjunctive of mynd


falle

perhaps, maybe (colloquial form of efallai)


carer

carer (mutation mutation-radical)
garer (mutation mutation-soft)
ngharer (mutation mutation-nasal)
charer (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(literary) impersonal subjunctive/imperative of caru


cig

cigoedd (plural)
cig (mutation mutation-radical)
gig (mutation mutation-soft)
nghig (mutation mutation-nasal)
chig (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh kic, from Proto-Brythonic *kig (“meat”), from Proto-Celtic *kīkos (“breast”); compare Breton kig (“meat”), Old Irish cích (“breast”).


planed

planedau (plural)
planed (mutation mutation-radical)
blaned (mutation mutation-soft)
mhlaned (mutation mutation-nasal)
phlaned (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh planet, from Latin planēta, from Ancient Greek πλανήτης (planḗtēs, “wanderer”).


pres

cy-adj

pres (feminine singular pres, plural pres, not comparable)

gem pres main

slender burnished brass, Thysanoplusia orichalcea

gem pres prin

rare burnished brass, Diachrysia chryson


pres

pres (mutation mutation-radical)
bres (mutation mutation-soft)
mhres (mutation mutation-nasal)
phres (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh pres, from Proto-Brythonic *pres, from Latin pressus.


cras

cras (feminine singular cras, plural creision, equative crased, comparative crasach, superlative crasaf)

cras (feminine singular)
creision (plural)
crased (equative)
crasach (comparative)
crasaf (superlative)


ofer

ofer (feminine singular ofer, plural oferion, equative ofered, comparative oferach, superlative oferaf)

ofer (feminine singular)
oferion (plural)
ofered (equative)
oferach (comparative)
oferaf (superlative)
ofer (mutation mutation-radical)
hofer (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *ọβer, from Proto-Celtic *auberos.


breg

bregion (plural)
breg (mutation mutation-radical)
freg (mutation mutation-soft)
mreg (mutation mutation-nasal)

Perhaps borrowed either from Middle English breck (“breach; failing”) or from Old Irish bréc (“lie, deception”).

bor

(obsolete, uncountable) treachery, deceit


Y Trallwng

From trallwng (“dirty pool, boggy spot”), from tra- + llwng.


undeb myfyrwyr

cy-noun

undeb myfyrwyr m (plural undebau myfyrwyr)

From undeb "union" and myfyrwyr "students".


pilipala

pilipala m (plural pilipalod or pilipalas)

pilipalod (plural)
pilipalas (plural)
pilipala (mutation mutation-radical)
bilipala (mutation mutation-soft)
mhilipala (mutation mutation-nasal)
philipala (mutation mutation-aspirate)


porffor

cy-adj

porffor (feminine singular porffor, plural porffor, equative mor borffor, comparative mwy porffor, superlative mwyaf porffor)

porffor (feminine singular)
porffor (plural)
mor borffor (equative)
mwy porffor (comparative)
mwyaf porffor (superlative)
porffor (mutation mutation-radical)
borffor (mutation mutation-soft)
mhorffor (mutation mutation-nasal)
phorffor (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh porffor, from Proto-Brythonic *porfor, from Latin purpura (“purple”) (compare Old Irish corcur, modern Irish corcra).

Dim ond lleuad borffor / Ar fin y mynydd llwm; / A sŵn hen afon Prysor / Yn canu yn y Cwm.

Only a purple moon / On the edge of the bare mountain; / And the sound of the old river Prysor / Singing in the Valley.


tant

tannau (plural)
tant (mutation mutation-radical)
dant (mutation mutation-soft)
nhant (mutation mutation-nasal)
thant (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Celtic *tantā, from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch”). Cognate with Irish téad.


eisen

eisen (mutation mutation-radical)
heisen (mutation prothesis-h)


allt

elltydd (plural)
aillt (plural)
allt (mutation mutation-radical)
hallt (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh allt, from Proto-Brythonic *alt, from Proto-Celtic *altos (compare Middle Irish alt (“height, cliff”), Irish ailt (“steep-sided ravine”).


haf

From Old Welsh ham, from Proto-Brythonic *haβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *samos, from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ó-.


lyf

llyf (mutation mutation-radical)
lyf (mutation mutation-soft)


safn

cy-noun

safn m or f (plural safnau, diminutive sefnyn, not mutable)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *stómn̥ (“mouth, muzzle”). Compare Cornish sâwn, Cornish sawan (“chasm”), Breton staoñ (“palate”), and, outside of Brittonic, Ancient Greek στόμα (stóma, “mouth”).


bop

pop (mutation mutation-radical)
bop (mutation mutation-soft)
mhop (mutation mutation-nasal)
phop (mutation mutation-aspirate)


mynd

af (first-person present singular)
af (first-person future indicative present singular)
ei (future indicative present second-person singular)
â (future indicative present singular third-person)
awn (first-person future indicative plural present)
ewch (future indicative plural present second-person)
ânt (future indicative plural present third-person)
eir (future impersonal indicative present)
elir (future impersonal indicative present)
awn (conditional first-person singular)
awn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
ait (conditional second-person singular)
ait (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
âi (conditional singular third-person)
âi (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
aem (conditional first-person plural)
aem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
aech (conditional plural second-person)
aech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
aent (conditional plural third-person)
aent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
eid (conditional impersonal)
eid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
elid (conditional impersonal)
elid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
euthum (first-person preterite singular)
aethost (preterite second-person singular)
aeth (preterite singular third-person)
aethom (first-person plural preterite)
aethoch (plural preterite second-person)
aethont (plural preterite third-person)
aethant (plural preterite third-person)
aethpwyd (impersonal preterite)
aed (impersonal preterite)
awd (impersonal preterite)
aethwn (first-person pluperfect singular)
elswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
aethit (pluperfect second-person singular)
elsit (pluperfect second-person singular)
aethai (pluperfect singular third-person)
elsai (pluperfect singular third-person)
aethem (first-person pluperfect plural)
elsem (first-person pluperfect plural)
aethech (pluperfect plural second-person)
elsech (pluperfect plural second-person)
aethent (pluperfect plural third-person)
elsent (pluperfect plural third-person)
aethid (impersonal pluperfect)
elsid (impersonal pluperfect)
elwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
elych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
êl (present singular subjunctive third-person)
elo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
elom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
eloch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
elont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
eler (impersonal present subjunctive)
elwn (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
elit (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
elai (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
elem (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
elech (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
elent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
elid (imperfect impersonal subjunctive)
dos (imperative second-person singular)
aed (imperative singular third-person)
eled (imperative singular third-person)
awn (first-person imperative plural)
ewch (imperative plural second-person)
aent (imperative plural third-person)
elent (imperative plural third-person)
aer (imperative impersonal)
eler (imperative impersonal)
mynd (noun-from-verb)
myned (noun-from-verb)
mynededig (participle)
mynedadwy (participle)
es i (first-person preterite singular)
etho i (first-person preterite singular)
est ti (preterite second-person singular)
aeth o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
aethon ni (first-person plural preterite)
ethon ni (first-person plural preterite)
aethoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
ethoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
aethon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
ethon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
af i (first-person future singular)
a i (first-person future singular)
ei di (future second-person singular)
eith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
aiff e (future singular third-person)
awn ni (first-person future plural)
ewn ni (first-person future plural)
ewch chi (future plural second-person)
ân nhw (future plural third-person)
ewn nhw (future plural third-person)
awn i (conditional first-person singular)
elwn i (conditional first-person singular)
elen i (conditional first-person singular)
aet ti (conditional second-person singular)
elet ti (conditional second-person singular)
âi fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
elai fe (conditional singular third-person)
aen ni (conditional first-person plural)
elen ni (conditional first-person plural)
aech chi (conditional plural second-person)
elech chi (conditional plural second-person)
aen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
elen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
dos (imperative second-person singular)
cer (imperative second-person singular)
ewch (imperative plural second-person)
cerwch (imperative plural second-person)
mynd (mutation mutation-radical)
fynd (mutation mutation-soft)

Suppletive verb:
* Verbal noun from Middle Welsh mynet, from Proto-Brythonic *moned (compare Cornish mones, Breton mont, Gaulish moni (“come!”)), verbal noun of Proto-Celtic *monītor (compare Middle Irish muinithir (“goes around”)), from Proto-Indo-European *menH- (compare Umbrian menes (“will come”), Lithuanian mìnti (“to trample, scutch”)).
* Indicative forms from Proto-Celtic *ageti (“to drive”) (compare Old Irish aigid), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (compare Latin agō).
* The forms in el- are from Proto-Celtic *ɸel- (“to approach, drive”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (compare Latin pellō (“strike, drive”), Epic Greek πίλναμαι (pílnamai, “approach”).
* The origins of imperative forms dos and cer remain unexplained.

cog

Mae hi'n mynd i Gaerdydd heno.

Aeth hi ddoe.

Awn ni edrych.

Ait ti i'r ysgol ar droed.

Mae'n angenrheidiol yr elwyf nawr.

Na, rwy'n mynd ar y trên bach.

Mae Sioned yn mynd yn grac.

Mae'r peth 'ma wedi mynd yn wyrdd.


cares

cares (mutation mutation-radical)
gares (mutation mutation-soft)
nghares (mutation mutation-nasal)
chares (mutation mutation-aspirate)

first-person singular preterite colloquial of caru


tro

cy-noun

tro m (plural troeon or troeau or troau)

troeon (plural)
troeau (plural)
troau (plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *tro, related to Middle Breton tro and middle Cornish tro. The ultimate origin is unclear; sometimes said to be from Ancient Greek Τροία (Troía, “Troy”), referring to the city's maze-like walls, but this could just be a similarity enforced by folk etymology. It could instead be from corruptions of troed (“foot”), Latin torqueo (“I turn”), or Latin tropus/Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “a turn”). Also compare French troller (“to stroll, drag, wander about”). More at Caerdroia.

ar dro

in turns, alternately, occasionally; on a walk, on one's way

tro yn y gynffon

fy nhro i

dy dro di

yr ail dro

y tro diwethaf

mynd am dro


tro

tro (mutation mutation-radical)
dro (mutation mutation-soft)
nhro (mutation mutation-nasal)
thro (mutation mutation-aspirate)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

third-person singular present subjunctive

inflection of troi:
second-person singular imperative


hon

Mae'r nofel hon yn well o lawer na'r nofel honno.

This novel is a lot better than that novel.

Mae'r holl sefyllfa hon yn benbleth fawr.

This entire situation is real condundrum.

(formal) (in conjuction with the definite article y) this


hon

Mae hon yn well o lawer na honno.

Mae hon yn benbleth fawr.


dost

tost (mutation mutation-radical)
dost (mutation mutation-soft)
nhost (mutation mutation-nasal)
thost (mutation mutation-aspirate)


í

The letter I, marked for its short vocalic pronunciation when in a stressed final syllable of a polysyllabic word.


acer

aceri (plural)
acer (mutation mutation-radical)
hacer (mutation prothesis-h)


gan

gennyf (first-person singular)
gennym (first-person plural)
gennyt (second-person singular)
gennych (plural second-person)
ganddo m (singular third-person)
ganddi f (singular third-person)
ganddynt (plural third-person)
gen i (first-person singular)
gin i (first-person singular)
gennyn ni (first-person plural)
ganddon ni (first-person plural)
gynnon ni (first-person plural)
gen ti (second-person singular)
gin ti (second-person singular)
gennych chi (plural second-person)
ganddoch chi (plural second-person)
gynnoch chi (plural second-person)
ganddo fe (singular third-person)
fo (singular third-person)
gynno fo m (singular third-person)
ganddi hi (singular third-person)
gynni hi f (singular third-person)
gennyn nhw (plural third-person)
ganddyn nhw (plural third-person)
gynnyn nhw (plural third-person)

From Middle Welsh cant, from Old Welsh cant, from Proto-Celtic *kanta. Cognate with Breton gant and Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “against; downwards”).

cog

Mae gen i wallt hir.

(North Wales) used with bod to indicate possession

Cafodd y car ei ddwyn gan ddau llanc.

King, Gareth (1993) Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 131:
Aeth o gwmpas y stafell gan ofyn yr un cwestiwn i bawb.
He went around the room [while] asking everyone the same question.

used with verbal noun to indicate an action simultaneous with that of the main verb, while, whilst


gan

can (mutation mutation-radical)
gan (mutation mutation-soft)
nghan (mutation mutation-nasal)
chan (mutation mutation-aspirate)


nigon

digon (mutation mutation-radical)
ddigon (mutation mutation-soft)
nigon (mutation mutation-nasal)


deor

cy-verb

deor (first-person singular present dehoraf)

dehoraf (first-person present singular)
deor (mutation mutation-radical)
ddeor (mutation mutation-soft)
neor (mutation mutation-nasal)

to hinder, impede, prevent
to withhold, exclude from

to hinder, impede, prevent
to refrain from

to hatch, to brood, to incubate
to breed

(figurative) to produce, to hatch (a plot)

to hatch, to brood, to incubate
to produce, to hatch (a plot)

(figurative) to brood, to meditate morbidly

to hatch, to brood, to incubate
to brood, to meditate morbidly

to hatch, to brood, to incubate
to hatch (emerge from an egg)

(figurative) to come into being, to come to fruition, to appear


hin

From Proto-Brythonic *hin, from Proto-Celtic *sīnā.


maro

maros (plural)
maro (mutation mutation-radical)
faro (mutation mutation-soft)


tir

tiroedd (plural)
tir (mutation mutation-radical)
dir (mutation mutation-soft)
nhir (mutation mutation-nasal)
thir (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh tir, from Old Welsh tir, from Proto-Brythonic *tir, from Proto-Celtic *tīros, from Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“dry”), i.e. "dry land" as opposed to lake or sea.


carom

carom (mutation mutation-radical)
garom (mutation mutation-soft)
ngharom (mutation mutation-nasal)
charom (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(literary) first-person plural present subjunctive of caru


bras

cy-adj

bras (feminine singular bras, plural breision, equative brased, comparative brasach, superlative brasaf)

bras (feminine singular)
breision (plural)
brased (equative)
brasach (comparative)
brasaf (superlative)

From Proto-Celtic *brassos (“large”). Cognate with Breton bras, Cornish bras, Irish bras.


bras

breision (plural)
bras (mutation mutation-radical)
fras (mutation mutation-soft)
mras (mutation mutation-nasal)


Casnewydd

Casnewydd (mutation mutation-radical)
Gasnewydd (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghasnewydd (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chasnewydd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

/ˌkaːsˈnɛu̯ɨ̞ð/

/ˌkaːsˈnɛu̯ɪð/

Newport (a city and unitary authority in Monmouthshire)


miri

miri (mutation mutation-radical)
firi (mutation mutation-soft)


araf

araf (feminine singular araf, plural araf, equative arafed, comparative arafach, superlative arafaf)

araf (feminine singular)
araf (plural)
arafed (equative)
arafach (comparative)
arafaf (superlative)
araf (mutation mutation-radical)
haraf (mutation prothesis-h)

Siaradwch yn araf os gwelwch yn dda.


á

The letter A, marked for its short pronunciation when in a stressed final syllable of a polysyllabic word.


bur

pur (mutation mutation-radical)
bur (mutation mutation-soft)
mhur (mutation mutation-nasal)
phur (mutation mutation-aspirate)


bara

bara (plural)
bara (mutation mutation-radical)
fara (mutation mutation-soft)
mara (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *bargos, *barginā (“cake, bread”) (compare Breton bara, Old Cornish bara, Old Irish bairgen f (“bread, loaf; food, plain diet”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, prickle”) (Old Norse barr (“corn, grain, barley”), Latin far (“spelt”), Serbo-Croatian бра̏шно/brȁšno).

inh

(figuratively) means of subsistence, livelihood


bara

para (mutation mutation-radical)
bara (mutation mutation-soft)
mhara (mutation mutation-nasal)
phara (mutation mutation-aspirate)


regi

rhegi (mutation mutation-radical)
regi (mutation mutation-soft)


chad

cad (mutation mutation-radical)
gad (mutation mutation-soft)
nghad (mutation mutation-nasal)
chad (mutation mutation-aspirate)


baths

baths (mutation mutation-radical)
faths (mutation mutation-soft)
maths (mutation mutation-nasal)


castell

cestyll (plural)
castelli (plural)
castell (mutation mutation-radical)
gastell (mutation mutation-soft)
nghastell (mutation mutation-nasal)
chastell (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh castell, from Proto-Brythonic *kastell, from Latin castellum. Compare Breton kastell, kestell, Cornish kastel.


farc

barc (mutation mutation-radical)
farc (mutation mutation-soft)
marc (mutation mutation-nasal)


foes

moes (mutation mutation-radical)
foes (mutation mutation-soft)


a

A (uppercase)
afal (mutation mutation-radical)
hafal (mutation prothesis-h)

The first letter of the Welsh alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script. It is followed by b.

à

with grave accent to indicate otherwise unpredictable short vowel

á

with acute accent to indicate unusually stressed short vowel

â

with circumflex to indicate otherwise unpredictable or unusually stressed long vowel

ä

with diaeresis to indicate disyllabicity


a

âu (plural)
a (mutation mutation-radical)
ha (mutation prothesis-h)

The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.


a

(colloquial) first-person singular future of mynd


a

From Old Welsh a(c), from Proto-Brythonic *(h)a, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd-gʰe (compare Welsh ag and Cornish ha).


a

Y dyn a welais i

(relative) that, which, who (used in 'direct' relative clauses, i.e. where the pronoun refers to the subject or the direct object of an inflected verb (as opposed to a periphrastic construction with bod, to be)).


grau

crau (mutation mutation-radical)
grau (mutation mutation-soft)
nghrau (mutation mutation-nasal)
chrau (mutation mutation-aspirate)


pur

cy-adj

pur (feminine singular pur, plural purion, equative pured, comparative purach, superlative puraf)

pur (feminine singular)
purion (plural)
pured (equative)
purach (comparative)
puraf (superlative)

From Middle Welsh pur, from Proto-Brythonic *pʉr, from Latin pūrus.


hela

cy-verb

hela (first-person singular present helaf, not mutable)


daw

daw (mutation mutation-radical)
ddaw (mutation mutation-soft)
naw (mutation mutation-nasal)

third-person singular present/future of dod


parti

partïon (plural)
partïau (plural)
parti (mutation mutation-radical)
barti (mutation mutation-soft)
mharti (mutation mutation-nasal)
pharti (mutation mutation-aspirate)


fyr

byr (mutation mutation-radical)
fyr (mutation mutation-soft)
myr (mutation mutation-nasal)


agen

agennau (plural)
agen (mutation mutation-radical)
hagen (mutation prothesis-h)


cara

cara (mutation mutation-radical)
gara (mutation mutation-soft)
nghara (mutation mutation-nasal)
chara (mutation mutation-aspirate)

inflection of caru:
first-person singular future colloquial

third-person singular present indicative/future literary

inflection of caru:
second-person singular imperative


doit

doit (mutation mutation-radical)
ddoit (mutation mutation-soft)
noit (mutation mutation-nasal)

(literary) second-person singular imperfect/conditional of dod


af

(literary) first-person singular present indicative/future of mynd


nes

From Middle Welsh nes, from Old Welsh nes, from Proto-Brythonic *nes (compare Breton nes (“near”)), from Proto-Celtic *nessos (compare Old Irish nessa (“nearer”)).


nes

first-person singular preterite colloquial of gwneud


lefel

cy-noun

lefel m or f (plural lefelau or leflau, not mutable)

From English level, from Middle English level, from Old French livel, from Latin libella (“a balance, a level”), diminutive of libra (“a balance, a level”).

Mae’r defnyddiwr ’ma yn medru’r Gymraeg ar lefel ganolradd.

This user speaks Welsh at an intermediate level.


thrawn

trawn (mutation mutation-radical)
drawn (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrawn (mutation mutation-nasal)
thrawn (mutation mutation-aspirate)


wefan

gwefan (mutation mutation-radical)
wefan (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwefan (mutation mutation-nasal)


Saesneg

From Middle Welsh Saesnec, from Proto-Brythonic *saxsneg, from Latin saxonica (lingua) (“Saxon (language)”). Equivalent to Saeson (“English people”) + -eg (language suffix).


Ffrangeg

cy-adj

Ffrangeg (feminine singular Ffrangeg, plural Ffrangeg, not comparable, not mutable)

Ffrangeg (feminine singular)
Ffrangeg (plural)

French (with reference to the language only, not the nationality)


-wch

teg (“fair”) + -wch → tegwch (“fairness”)

tawel (“quiet”) + -wch → tawelwch (“quietness, silence”)

hyfryd (“lovely”) + -wch → hyfrydwch (“loveliness”)


-wch

(literary) verb suffix for the second-person plural present indicative/future

(literary) verb suffix for the second-person plural imperative

(colloquial) verb suffix for the second-person plural future

(colloquial) verb suffix for the second-person plural imperative


gen

(colloquial) first-person singular of gan

(colloquial) second-person singular of gan


fid

bid (mutation mutation-radical)
fid (mutation mutation-soft)
mid (mutation mutation-nasal)


ato

(literary, colloquial) third-person singular masculine of at

(colloquial) (South Wales) first-person singular of at


ato

gato (mutation mutation-radical)
ato (mutation mutation-soft)
ngato (mutation mutation-nasal)


hoes

oes (mutation mutation-radical)
hoes (mutation prothesis-h)


ff

The ninth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èff and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by f and followed by g.


buan

buan (feminine singular buan, plural buain, equative buaned, comparative buanach, superlative buanaf)

buan (feminine singular)
buain (plural)
buaned (equative)
buanach (comparative)
buanaf (superlative)
buan (mutation mutation-radical)
fuan (mutation mutation-soft)
muan (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *bīwonos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”). Cognate with Old Breton buenion, modern Breton buan.

inh

(of a timepiece) fast; ahead of the correct time


Llanelli

Llanelli (mutation mutation-radical)
Lanelli (mutation mutation-soft)

From llan (“church”) + Elli (“Saint Elli”)

Llanelli (a town and community of Carmarthenshire)


iro

cy-verb

iro (first-person singular present iraf)

iraf (first-person present singular)
iraf (first-person future indicative present singular)
iri (future indicative present second-person singular)
ira (future indicative present singular third-person)
irwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
irwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
irant (future indicative plural present third-person)
irir (future impersonal indicative present)
irwn (conditional first-person singular)
irwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
irit (conditional second-person singular)
irit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
irai (conditional singular third-person)
irai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
irem (conditional first-person plural)
irem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
irech (conditional plural second-person)
irech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
irent (conditional plural third-person)
irent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
irid (conditional impersonal)
irid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
irais (first-person preterite singular)
iraist (preterite second-person singular)
irodd (preterite singular third-person)
irasom (first-person plural preterite)
irasoch (plural preterite second-person)
irasant (plural preterite third-person)
irwyd (impersonal preterite)
iraswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
irasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
irasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
irasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
irasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
irasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
irasid (impersonal pluperfect)
iresid (impersonal pluperfect)
irwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
irych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
iro (present singular subjunctive third-person)
irom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
iroch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
iront (plural present subjunctive third-person)
irer (impersonal present subjunctive)
ira (imperative second-person singular)
ired (imperative singular third-person)
irwn (first-person imperative plural)
irwch (imperative plural second-person)
irent (imperative plural third-person)
irer (imperative impersonal)
iro (noun-from-verb)
iredig (participle)
iradwy (participle)
ira i (first-person future singular)
iraf i (first-person future singular)
iri di (future second-person singular)
irith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
iriff e (future singular third-person)
irwn ni (first-person future plural)
irwch chi (future plural second-person)
iran nhw (future plural third-person)
irwn i (conditional first-person singular)
irswn i (conditional first-person singular)
iret ti (conditional second-person singular)
irset ti (conditional second-person singular)
irai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
irsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
iren ni (conditional first-person plural)
irsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
irech chi (conditional plural second-person)
irsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
iren nhw (conditional plural third-person)
irsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
irais i (first-person preterite singular)
ires i (first-person preterite singular)
iraist ti (preterite second-person singular)
irest ti (preterite second-person singular)
irodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
iron ni (first-person plural preterite)
iroch chi (plural preterite second-person)
iron nhw (plural preterite third-person)
ira (imperative second-person singular)
irwch (imperative plural second-person)
iro (mutation mutation-radical)
hiro (mutation prothesis-h)


bromo-

(organic chemistry) bromo- (containing bromine)


pipa

pipa (mutation mutation-radical)
bipa (mutation mutation-soft)
mhipa (mutation mutation-nasal)
phipa (mutation mutation-aspirate)

inflection of pipo:
first-person singular future

inflection of pipo:
second-person singular imperative


gog

cog (mutation mutation-radical)
gog (mutation mutation-soft)
nghog (mutation mutation-nasal)
chog (mutation mutation-aspirate)


caner

caner (mutation mutation-radical)
ganer (mutation mutation-soft)
nghaner (mutation mutation-nasal)
chaner (mutation mutation-aspirate)

subjunctive/imperative impersonal of canu


morfarch

morfeirch (plural)
morfarch (mutation mutation-radical)
forfarch (mutation mutation-soft)


garned

garnedau (plural)
garned (mutation mutation-radical)
ngarned (irregular mutation mutation-nasal)


tyst

tystion (plural)
tyst (mutation mutation-radical)
dyst (mutation mutation-soft)
nhyst (mutation mutation-nasal)
thyst (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh tyst, from Proto-Brythonic *tɨst, from Latin testis.


bala

balaon (plural)
bala (mutation mutation-radical)
fala (mutation mutation-soft)
mala (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *balago-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“to dribble; gush forth; spring; squirt; throw”). Cognate with English quell.


-ig

From Proto-Celtic *-ikos. Cognate with Cornish -ik, Breton -ig, Proto-Germanic *-igaz, Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós), Latin -icus.

afon (“river”) + -ig → afonig (“rivulet”)

barwn (“baron”) + -ig → barwnig (“baronet”)

oen (“lamb”) + -ig → oenig (“small ewe lamb”)

lloer (“moon”) + -ig → lloerig (“lunatic”)

ysgol (“school”) + -ha + -ig → ysgolhaig (“scholar”)

calan (“first day of the year”) + -ig → calennig (“New Year's gift”)

person or object with characteristics of the root word

gwenwyn (“poison”) + -ig → gwenwynig (“poisonous”)

pwys (“weight, pound”) + -ig → pwysig (“important”)

Gwyddel (“Irish man”) + -ig → Gwyddelig (“Irish”)

chemical nomenclature
chemical nomenclature#English

chemical compound
chemical compound#English

chemical element
chemical element#English

oxidation number
oxidation number#English

(chemistry) -ic, Used in chemical nomenclature to name chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a higher oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -us. For example asid nitrig (“nitric acid, HNO₃”) has more oxygen atoms per molecule than asid nitrus (“nitrous acid, HNO₂”).


pwn

pynnau (plural)
pwn (mutation mutation-radical)
bwn (mutation mutation-soft)
mhwn (mutation mutation-nasal)
phwn (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Vulgar Latin *pundus, from Latin pondus (“weight”).


dawns

dawnsiau (plural)
dawns (mutation mutation-radical)
ddawns (mutation mutation-soft)
nawns (mutation mutation-nasal)

dance (party of people assembled to dance), ball

(figuratively) any similar set of lively motions


boi

bois (plural)
boi (mutation mutation-radical)
foi (mutation mutation-soft)
moi (mutation mutation-nasal)

(South Wales, colloquial) guy, lad, bloke, chap, dude, fella

(colloquial, used in the vocative) A term of address for a male. mate, dude, man


mas

mas (mutation mutation-radical)
fas (mutation mutation-soft)

From i'r maes (“to the field”), ae in monosyllabic words often being pronounced /aː/ in South Wales. For the same semantic development compare Irish amuigh (“out”) < Old Irish i mmaig (literally “in (a) field”).


ger

Probably a mutated form of cer (“second-person singular imperative of mynd”).
Alternatively, related to er (“for, through”).


é

The letter E, marked for its short pronunciation when in a stressed final syllable of a polysyllabic word.


chell

cell (mutation mutation-radical)
gell (mutation mutation-soft)
nghell (mutation mutation-nasal)
chell (mutation mutation-aspirate)


drwg

cy-adj

drwg (feminine singular drwg, plural drygion, equative cynddrwg or dryced, comparative gwaeth, superlative gwaethaf)

drwg (feminine singular)
drygion (plural)
cynddrwg (equative)
dryced (equative)
gwaeth (comparative)
gwaethaf (superlative)
drwg (mutation mutation-radical)
ddrwg (mutation mutation-soft)
nrwg (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh drwc, from Proto-Brythonic *drug, from Proto-Celtic *drukos (compare Old Irish droch).


ofn

ofnau (plural)
ofn (mutation mutation-radical)
hofn (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh ofuyn, from Proto-Celtic *oβnus (“fear”) (compare Breton aon, Cornish own, Old Irish ómun).

Mae gan bawb ofn naturiol o dân.

Mae ofn copyn arno fo.


foli

cy-noun

foli f (plural folïau or folis, not mutable)


Duw

Duw (mutation mutation-radical)
Dduw (mutation mutation-soft)
Nuw (mutation mutation-nasal)

From duw (“god”). Cognate with Cornish Duw, Breton Doue, Irish Dia, Scottish Gaelic Dia, Manx Jee.

1588, Y Beibl cyssegr-lan, Ioan 3:16:
Canys felly y carodd Duw y byd fel y rhoddodd efe ei unig‐anedig Fab, fel na choller pwy bynnag a gredo ynddo ef, ond caffael ohono fywyd tragwyddol.
For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.


galli

galli (mutation mutation-radical)
alli (mutation mutation-soft)
ngalli (mutation mutation-nasal)


hud

From Middle Welsh hud, from Old Welsh [Term?], from Proto-Brythonic *hʉd, from Proto-Celtic *soitos, from Proto-Indo-European *seyt-.


hud

cy-adj

hud (feminine singular hud, plural hud, not comparable, not mutable)


hel

cy-verb

hel (first-person singular present helaf, not mutable)

helaf (first-person present singular)
helaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
heli (future indicative present second-person singular)
hela (future indicative present singular third-person)
helwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
helwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
helant (future indicative plural present third-person)
helir (future impersonal indicative present)
helwn (conditional first-person singular)
helwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
helit (conditional second-person singular)
helit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
helai (conditional singular third-person)
helai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
helem (conditional first-person plural)
helem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
helech (conditional plural second-person)
helech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
helent (conditional plural third-person)
helent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
helid (conditional impersonal)
helid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
helais (first-person preterite singular)
helaist (preterite second-person singular)
helodd (preterite singular third-person)
helasom (first-person plural preterite)
helasoch (plural preterite second-person)
helasant (plural preterite third-person)
helwyd (impersonal preterite)
helaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
helasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
helasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
helasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
helasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
helasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
helasid (impersonal pluperfect)
helesid (impersonal pluperfect)
helwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
helych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
helo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
helom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
heloch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
helont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
heler (impersonal present subjunctive)
hela (imperative second-person singular)
heled (imperative singular third-person)
helwn (first-person imperative plural)
helwch (imperative plural second-person)
helent (imperative plural third-person)
heler (imperative impersonal)
hel (noun-from-verb)
heledig (participle)
heladwy (participle)
hela i (first-person future singular)
helaf i (first-person future singular)
heli di (future second-person singular)
helith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
heliff e (future singular third-person)
helwn ni (first-person future plural)
helwch chi (future plural second-person)
helan nhw (future plural third-person)
helwn i (conditional first-person singular)
helswn i (conditional first-person singular)
helet ti (conditional second-person singular)
helset ti (conditional second-person singular)
helai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
helsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
helen ni (conditional first-person plural)
helsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
helech chi (conditional plural second-person)
helsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
helen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
helsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
helais i (first-person preterite singular)
heles i (first-person preterite singular)
helaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
helest ti (preterite second-person singular)
helodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
helon ni (first-person plural preterite)
heloch chi (plural preterite second-person)
helon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
hela (imperative second-person singular)
helwch (imperative plural second-person)

From Proto-Celtic *selgā, from Proto-Indo-European *selǵ- (“let loose, send”). Cognate with Old Irish selg.

der

(North Wales) to send, to drive, to chase

(North Wales) to frequent, to visit often


broc

From Middle English broce (“brushwood, fragment”), from Old English gebroc (“fragment”), from brecan (“to break”).


broc

cy-adj

broc (feminine singular broc, plural broc, equative mor froc, comparative mwy broc, superlative mwyaf broc)

broc (feminine singular)
broc (plural)
mor froc (equative)
mwy broc (comparative)
mwyaf broc (superlative)
broc (mutation mutation-radical)
froc (mutation mutation-soft)
mroc (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Irish broc (“grey, mottled, flecked”) or English brock (“(inferior) horse, trotter”).


ameba

amebas (plural)
amebâu (plural)
ameba (mutation mutation-radical)
hameba (mutation prothesis-h)


gwlad heb iaith, gwlad heb genedl

A land without a language is a land without a nation.


fama

(colloquial) Informal form of y fan yma (“here”).


hala

cy-verb

hala (first-person singular present halaf, not mutable)

halaf (first-person present singular)
helaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
heli (future indicative present second-person singular)
hela (future indicative present singular third-person)
helwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
helwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
helant (future indicative plural present third-person)
helir (future impersonal indicative present)
helwn (conditional first-person singular)
helwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
helit (conditional second-person singular)
helit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
helai (conditional singular third-person)
helai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
helem (conditional first-person plural)
helem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
helech (conditional plural second-person)
helech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
helent (conditional plural third-person)
helent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
helid (conditional impersonal)
helid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
helais (first-person preterite singular)
helaist (preterite second-person singular)
helodd (preterite singular third-person)
helasom (first-person plural preterite)
helasoch (plural preterite second-person)
helasant (plural preterite third-person)
helwyd (impersonal preterite)
helaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
helasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
helasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
helasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
helasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
helasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
helasid (impersonal pluperfect)
helesid (impersonal pluperfect)
helwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
helych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
helo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
helom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
heloch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
helont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
heler (impersonal present subjunctive)
hela (imperative second-person singular)
heled (imperative singular third-person)
helwn (first-person imperative plural)
helwch (imperative plural second-person)
helent (imperative plural third-person)
heler (imperative impersonal)
hala (noun-from-verb)
heledig (participle)
heladwy (participle)
hela i (first-person future singular)
helaf i (first-person future singular)
heli di (future second-person singular)
helith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
heliff e (future singular third-person)
helwn ni (first-person future plural)
helwch chi (future plural second-person)
helan nhw (future plural third-person)
helwn i (conditional first-person singular)
helswn i (conditional first-person singular)
helet ti (conditional second-person singular)
helset ti (conditional second-person singular)
helai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
helsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
helen ni (conditional first-person plural)
helsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
helech chi (conditional plural second-person)
helsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
helen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
helsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
helais i (first-person preterite singular)
heles i (first-person preterite singular)
helaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
helest ti (preterite second-person singular)
helodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
helon ni (first-person plural preterite)
heloch chi (plural preterite second-person)
helon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
hela (imperative second-person singular)
helwch (imperative plural second-person)

Colloquial South Wales variant of hel (“send; pursue”) from Proto-Celtic *selgā, from Proto-Indo-European *selǵ- (“let loose, send”).


droid

troid (mutation mutation-radical)
droid (mutation mutation-soft)
nhroid (mutation mutation-nasal)
throid (mutation mutation-aspirate)


pum

pum (mutation mutation-radical)
bum (mutation mutation-soft)
mhum (mutation mutation-nasal)
phum (mutation mutation-aspirate)

pum llyfr

(cardinal number) Apocopic form of pump (“five”)


Amrys

Welsh female version of Emrys, a given name.


pori

pori (first-person singular present poraf)

poraf (first-person present singular)
poraf (first-person future indicative present singular)
pori (future indicative present second-person singular)
pawr (future indicative present singular third-person)
pora (future indicative present singular third-person)
porwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
porwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
porant (future indicative plural present third-person)
porir (future impersonal indicative present)
porwn (conditional first-person singular)
porwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
porit (conditional second-person singular)
porit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
porai (conditional singular third-person)
porai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
porem (conditional first-person plural)
porem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
porech (conditional plural second-person)
porech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
porent (conditional plural third-person)
porent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
porid (conditional impersonal)
porid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
porais (first-person preterite singular)
poraist (preterite second-person singular)
porodd (preterite singular third-person)
porasom (first-person plural preterite)
porasoch (plural preterite second-person)
porasant (plural preterite third-person)
porwyd (impersonal preterite)
poraswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
porasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
porasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
porasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
porasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
porasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
porasid (impersonal pluperfect)
poresid (impersonal pluperfect)
porwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
porych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
poro (present singular subjunctive third-person)
porom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
poroch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
poront (plural present subjunctive third-person)
porer (impersonal present subjunctive)
pawr (imperative second-person singular)
pora (imperative second-person singular)
pored (imperative singular third-person)
porwn (first-person imperative plural)
porwch (imperative plural second-person)
porent (imperative plural third-person)
porer (imperative impersonal)
pori (noun-from-verb)
poredig (participle)
poradwy (participle)
pora i (first-person future singular)
poraf i (first-person future singular)
pori di (future second-person singular)
porith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
poriff e (future singular third-person)
porwn ni (first-person future plural)
porwch chi (future plural second-person)
poran nhw (future plural third-person)
porwn i (conditional first-person singular)
porswn i (conditional first-person singular)
poret ti (conditional second-person singular)
porset ti (conditional second-person singular)
porai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
porsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
poren ni (conditional first-person plural)
porsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
porech chi (conditional plural second-person)
porsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
poren nhw (conditional plural third-person)
porsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
porais i (first-person preterite singular)
pores i (first-person preterite singular)
poraist ti (preterite second-person singular)
porest ti (preterite second-person singular)
porodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
poron ni (first-person plural preterite)
poroch chi (plural preterite second-person)
poron nhw (plural preterite third-person)
pora (imperative second-person singular)
porwch (imperative plural second-person)
pori (mutation mutation-radical)
bori (mutation mutation-soft)
mhori (mutation mutation-nasal)
phori (mutation mutation-aspirate)


nitr-

(organic chemistry) alternative form of nitro- (“containing nitrogen”), used before a vowel


llys

order to a person to bring a child to court

gorchymyn i berson ddod â phlentyn i'r llys

Children and Family Court Advisory Support Service

Gwasanaeth Cynghori a Chynorthwyo Llys i Blant a Theuluoedd

Llys Parhaol Cyfiawnder Rhyngwladol

Permanent Court of International Justice

pennaeth adran ysgrifenyddol y gwasanaeth llys

transaction that requires examination by the court

trafodiad y mae gofyn i'r llys ei archwilio

(historical) the royal courts of the Welsh gwlads, a royal court


llys

llysiau (plural)
llys (mutation mutation-radical)
lys (mutation mutation-soft)

From Proto-Celtic *lussus (“medicinal herb, vegetable”), likely influenced by Proto-Celtic *lubā (“herb, plant”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“leaf”). Cognate with Breton louzoù and Cornish les.

inh

llys y fynnon

moneywort, herb twopence, Lysimachia nummularia)

cleddyflys

corn-flag (Gladiolus); bur reed (Sparganium)

deintlys

toothwort, coralwort (Cardamine bulbifera)

llys coffa'r gors

water forget-me-not (Myosotis scorpioides)

llys Efa

buck's horn plantain (Plantago coronopus)

llys f'anwylyd

water avens, Geum rivale; wood avens (Geum urbanum)

llys Iago

common ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris, syn. Senecio jacobaea)

llys meudwy

Good King Henry (Chenopodium bonus-henricus)

llys Steffan cyffredin

enchanter's nightshade (Circaea lutetiana)

llys y clochdy

rosebay willowherb (Chamerion angustifolium)

llys y dom

pale persicaria (Persicaria lapathifolia)

llys y fors eddïog

fringed rupturewort (Herniaria ciliolata)

llys y gwrid

green alkanet (Pentaglottis sempervirens)

llys y llwy

common scurvygrass (Cochlearia officinalis)

llys y llwynog

cut-leaved crane's-bill (Geranium dissectum)

llys y tryfal

shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris)

llys yr ysgyfaint Culddail

narrow-leaved lungwort (Pulmonaria longifolia)

llys-coffa amryliw

changing forget-me-not (Myosotis discolor)

melynllys

lady's bedstraw, yellow bedstraw (Galium verum)


torrent

torrent (mutation mutation-radical)
dorrent (mutation mutation-soft)
nhorrent (mutation mutation-nasal)
thorrent (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(literary) third-person plural imperfect/conditional of torri

(literary) third-person plural imperative of torri


û

The letter U, marked for its long stressed pronunciation, either in a monosyllabic word or in the final syllable of a polysyllabic word.


clod

clodydd (plural)
clod (mutation mutation-radical)
glod (mutation mutation-soft)
nghlod (mutation mutation-nasal)
chlod (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Brythonic *klod, from Proto-Celtic *klutom (“rumour; fame”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“heard, famous”) (whence also clywed (“to hear”)).


paun

peunod (plural)
peunes (feminine)
paun (mutation mutation-radical)
baun (mutation mutation-soft)
mhaun (mutation mutation-nasal)
phaun (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Llundain

Llundain (mutation mutation-radical)
Lundain (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh Llundein (compare Middle English Lunden), ultimately from Latin Londinium.

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


treiglad trwynol

cy-noun

treiglad trwynol m (plural treigladau trwynol)

treigladau trwynol (plural)
treiglad trwynol (mutation mutation-radical)
dreiglad trwynol (mutation mutation-soft)
nhreiglad trwynol (mutation mutation-nasal)
threiglad trwynol (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From treiglad (“mutation”) + trwynol (“nasal”).


taro

cy-verb

taro (first-person singular present trawaf)

trawaf (first-person present singular)
trawaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
trewi (future indicative present second-person singular)
tery (future indicative present singular third-person)
trawa (future indicative present singular third-person)
trawn (first-person future indicative plural present)
trewch (future indicative plural present second-person)
trawant (future indicative plural present third-person)
trewir (future impersonal indicative present)
trawn (conditional first-person singular)
trawn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
trawit (conditional second-person singular)
trawit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
trawai (conditional singular third-person)
trawai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
trawem (conditional first-person plural)
trawem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
trawech (conditional plural second-person)
trawech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
trawent (conditional plural third-person)
trawent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
trewid (conditional impersonal)
trewid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
trewais (first-person preterite singular)
trewaist (preterite second-person singular)
trawodd (preterite singular third-person)
trawsom (first-person plural preterite)
trawsoch (plural preterite second-person)
trawsant (plural preterite third-person)
trawyd (impersonal preterite)
trawswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
trawsit (pluperfect second-person singular)
trawsai (pluperfect singular third-person)
trawsem (first-person pluperfect plural)
trawsech (pluperfect plural second-person)
trawsent (pluperfect plural third-person)
trawsid (impersonal pluperfect)
trewsid (impersonal pluperfect)
trawyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
trewych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
trawo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
trawom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
trawoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
trawont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
trawer (impersonal present subjunctive)
taro (imperative second-person singular)
trawed (imperative singular third-person)
trawn (first-person imperative plural)
trewch (imperative plural second-person)
trawent (imperative plural third-person)
trawer (imperative impersonal)
taro (noun-from-verb)
trawedig (participle)
trawadwy (participle)
trawa i (first-person future singular)
trawaf i (first-person future singular)
trawi di (future second-person singular)
trawith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
trawiff e (future singular third-person)
trawn ni (first-person future plural)
trawch chi (future plural second-person)
trawan nhw (future plural third-person)
trawn i (conditional first-person singular)
trawswn i (conditional first-person singular)
trawet ti (conditional second-person singular)
trawset ti (conditional second-person singular)
trawai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
trawsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
trawen ni (conditional first-person plural)
trawsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
trawech chi (conditional plural second-person)
trawsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
trawen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
trawsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
trawais i (first-person preterite singular)
trawes i (first-person preterite singular)
trawaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
trawest ti (preterite second-person singular)
trawodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
trawon ni (first-person plural preterite)
trawoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
trawon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
trawa (imperative second-person singular)
trawch (imperative plural second-person)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, turn; pierce”).

taro allan

to set off (on a journey); to break out (in song)

taro ei big mewn

to butt in, to interrupt; to strike one's beak in

taro yn ei ben

to strike one's mind; to strike in one's head

taro'r tant mawr

to ride the high horse; to strike the big note


taro

taro (mutation mutation-radical)
daro (mutation mutation-soft)
nharo (mutation mutation-nasal)
tharo (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From English taro, from Maori taro, from Proto-Polynesian *talo, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taləs.


thewed

tewed (mutation mutation-radical)
dewed (mutation mutation-soft)
nhewed (mutation mutation-nasal)
thewed (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Arial

Arial (mutation mutation-radical)
Harial (mutation prothesis-h)

a male given name from arial (“vigour”); variant form Ariel


thew

tew (mutation mutation-radical)
dew (mutation mutation-soft)
nhew (mutation mutation-nasal)
thew (mutation mutation-aspirate)


defnyddiwr

defnyddwyr (plural)
defnyddiwr (mutation mutation-radical)
ddefnyddiwr (mutation mutation-soft)
nefnyddiwr (mutation mutation-nasal)


ata

(colloquial) first-person singular of at


cromlech

cromlechi (plural)
cromlech (mutation mutation-radical)
gromlech (mutation mutation-soft)
nghromlech (mutation mutation-nasal)
chromlech (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From crom (“bowed, arched”, feminine of crwm) + llech (“flat stone”).
First element is a Germanic borrowing (compare Irish crom (“bent over”)) from Proto-Germanic *krumpaz; second element is from Proto-Celtic *ɸlikkā.

compound

feminine of <i class="Latn mention" lang="cy">crwm</i>

cromlech (Welsh dolmen or underground tomb)


cyw

cywion (plural)
cyw (mutation mutation-radical)
gyw (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyw (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyw (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Celtic *kuwyos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁-yó-s, derivative of the root *ḱewh₁- (“to swell, be strong”).

gwyn y gwêl y frân ei chyw

a parent does not see the faults of his or her own child


tua

tua (mutation mutation-radical)
nhua (irregular mutation mutation-nasal)
thua (irregular mutation mutation-aspirate)

tua naw o’r gloch

tua phum pwys o datws


chaffer

caffer (mutation mutation-radical)
gaffer (mutation mutation-soft)
nghaffer (mutation mutation-nasal)
chaffer (mutation mutation-aspirate)


tras

trasau (plural)
tras (mutation mutation-radical)
dras (mutation mutation-soft)
nhras (mutation mutation-nasal)
thras (mutation mutation-aspirate)


delen

delen (mutation mutation-radical)
ddelen (mutation mutation-soft)
nelen (mutation mutation-nasal)

first/third-person plural conditional colloquial of dod


galla

galla (mutation mutation-radical)
alla (mutation mutation-soft)
ngalla (mutation mutation-nasal)

first-person singular present/future colloquial

(rare) second-person singular imperative

inflection of gallu:
second-person singular imperative


thud

tud (mutation mutation-radical)
dud (mutation mutation-soft)
nhud (mutation mutation-nasal)
thud (mutation mutation-aspirate)


goed

coed (mutation mutation-radical)
goed (mutation mutation-soft)
nghoed (mutation mutation-nasal)
choed (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Deiniol

a male given name, equivalent to English Daniel


halen

From Middle Welsh halaen, halen, from Proto-Brythonic *haluɨn, from Proto-Celtic *saleinos, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”). Doublet of halwyn (“chemical salt”). Cognate with Cornish holan, Breton holen, Irish salann, and more distantly also Latin sāl and English salt.


mand

band (mutation mutation-radical)
fand (mutation mutation-soft)
mand (mutation mutation-nasal)


coll

From Proto-Celtic *koldom (“destruction”).


coll

cy-adj

coll (feminine singular coll, plural coll, not comparable)


coll

collen (singulative)
coll (mutation mutation-radical)
goll (mutation mutation-soft)
ngholl (mutation mutation-nasal)
choll (mutation mutation-aspirate)


cha

ca (mutation mutation-radical)
ga (mutation mutation-soft)
ngha (mutation mutation-nasal)
cha (mutation mutation-aspirate)


felly

Contraction of the phrase hafal hyn, lit. "equal this", via a series of sound changes hafal hyn > (h)efel hyn > (e)fell hyn > (e)felly(n), (y)felly(n) > felly. Cognate with Middle Breton euelhenn.


frith

brith (mutation mutation-radical)
frith (mutation mutation-soft)
mrith (mutation mutation-nasal)


tales

tales (mutation mutation-radical)
dales (mutation mutation-soft)
nhales (mutation mutation-nasal)
thales (mutation mutation-aspirate)

first-person singular preterite colloquial of talu


deli

deli (mutation mutation-radical)
ddeli (mutation mutation-soft)
neli (mutation mutation-nasal)

second-person singular present indicative/future of dal


deli

teli (mutation mutation-radical)
deli (mutation mutation-soft)
nheli (mutation mutation-nasal)
theli (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Cernyw

Cernyw (mutation mutation-radical)
Gernyw (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghernyw (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chernyw (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh Kernyw, from Proto-Brythonic *Körnɨw (compare Cornish Kernow, Breton Kernev). Probably ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head; horn”) and thus cognate with Welsh carn (“hoof”) and English horn.

cog

Cornwall (an historic and ceremonial county of England)


Lloegr

Lloegr (mutation mutation-radical)
Loegr (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh Lloegyr; further etymology unknown, with various disparate theories. See an in-depth analysis at this page at The Old North. TON claims Matasović (2009) presents the most plausible simple hypothesis, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *lāikor (“warriors”), from *lāiko- (“warrior”), from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂- (“war”), and cognate with Hittite 𒆷𒄴𒄩𒀸 (laḫḫa-, “campaign”), Ancient Greek λᾱός (lāós, “army, folk”).


Sbaen

Ultimately from Latin Hispania; current form likely influenced by English Spain.

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


gana

cana (mutation mutation-radical)
gana (mutation mutation-soft)
nghana (mutation mutation-nasal)
chana (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Almaen

From Old French Alemaigne, from Latin Alemannia.

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


doi

doi (mutation mutation-radical)
ddoi (mutation mutation-soft)
noi (mutation mutation-nasal)

second-person singular present habitual/future of dod


bachgennesau

bachgennesau (mutation mutation-radical)
fachgennesau (mutation mutation-soft)
machgennesau (mutation mutation-nasal)


hangen

angen (mutation mutation-radical)
hangen (mutation prothesis-h)


chato

cato (mutation mutation-radical)
gato (mutation mutation-soft)
nghato (mutation mutation-nasal)
chato (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Ariel

Ariel (mutation mutation-radical)
Hariel (mutation prothesis-h)

a male given name from arial (“vigour”), variant of Arial


ó

The letter O, marked for its short pronunciation when in a stressed final syllable of a polysyllabic word.


bri

briau (plural)
bri (mutation mutation-radical)
fri (mutation mutation-soft)
mri (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh bri, from Proto-Brythonic *briɣ, from Proto-Celtic *brīgos (“importance”) (compare Old Irish bríg (“force, power”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷrih₂-g-, a suffixed extended form of *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”) (compare Latin gravis, Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), and Sanskrit गुरु (gurú).


blows

blowsys (plural)
blows (mutation mutation-radical)
flows (mutation mutation-soft)
mlows (mutation mutation-nasal)

Borrowed from English blouse, itself a borrowing from French blouse.

blouse (shirt with buttons, tailored for women)


Hywel

→ English: Howell, Howel

→ English: Huell

→ English: Powell (< ap Hywel)

Equivalent to hy- (“good”) + gwêl (“sight”)

a male given name meaning eminent or conspicuous


Agnes

Agnes (mutation mutation-radical)
Hagnes (mutation prothesis-h)

a female given name from Ancient Greek ἁγνός (hagnós, “pure”)


aed

(literary) third-person singular imperative of mynd


dalet

talet (mutation mutation-radical)
dalet (mutation mutation-soft)
nhalet (mutation mutation-nasal)
thalet (mutation mutation-aspirate)


bananas

bananas (mutation mutation-radical)
fananas (mutation mutation-soft)
mananas (mutation mutation-nasal)


-ol

From Middle Welsh -awl, from Proto-Brythonic *-ọl, from Proto-Celtic *-ālos, reinforced by Latin -ālis.

arian (“money”) + -ol → ariannol (“financial”)

proffesiwn (“profession”) + -ol → proffesiynol (“professional”)

cychwyn (“to start”) + -ol → cychwynnol (“initial”)

iachus (“healthy”) + -ol → iachusol (“heath-giving, heath-promoting”)


-ol

(organic chemistry) -ol (suffix denoting an alcohol or phenol)


crud

crudau (plural)
crudiau (plural)
crud (mutation mutation-radical)
grud (mutation mutation-soft)
nghrud (mutation mutation-nasal)
chrud (mutation mutation-aspirate)


teca

teca (mutation mutation-radical)
deca (mutation mutation-soft)
nheca (mutation mutation-nasal)
theca (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(colloquial) informal form of tecaf (“fairest”).


pipes

pipes (mutation mutation-radical)
bipes (mutation mutation-soft)
mhipes (mutation mutation-nasal)
phipes (mutation mutation-aspirate)


mudo

cy-verb

mudo (first-person singular present mudaf)

mudaf (first-person present singular)
mudaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
mudi (future indicative present second-person singular)
muda (future indicative present singular third-person)
mudwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
mudwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
mudant (future indicative plural present third-person)
mudir (future impersonal indicative present)
mudwn (conditional first-person singular)
mudwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
mudit (conditional second-person singular)
mudit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
mudai (conditional singular third-person)
mudai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
mudem (conditional first-person plural)
mudem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
mudech (conditional plural second-person)
mudech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
mudent (conditional plural third-person)
mudent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
mudid (conditional impersonal)
mudid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
mudais (first-person preterite singular)
mudaist (preterite second-person singular)
mudodd (preterite singular third-person)
mudasom (first-person plural preterite)
mudasoch (plural preterite second-person)
mudasant (plural preterite third-person)
mudwyd (impersonal preterite)
mudaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
mudasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
mudasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
mudasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
mudasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
mudasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
mudasid (impersonal pluperfect)
mudesid (impersonal pluperfect)
mudwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
mudych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
mudo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
mudom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
mudoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
mudont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
muder (impersonal present subjunctive)
muda (imperative second-person singular)
muded (imperative singular third-person)
mudwn (first-person imperative plural)
mudwch (imperative plural second-person)
mudent (imperative plural third-person)
muder (imperative impersonal)
mudo (noun-from-verb)
mudedig (participle)
mudadwy (participle)
muda i (first-person future singular)
mudaf i (first-person future singular)
mudi di (future second-person singular)
mudith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
mudiff e (future singular third-person)
mudwn ni (first-person future plural)
mudwch chi (future plural second-person)
mudan nhw (future plural third-person)
mudwn i (conditional first-person singular)
mudswn i (conditional first-person singular)
mudet ti (conditional second-person singular)
mudset ti (conditional second-person singular)
mudai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
mudsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
muden ni (conditional first-person plural)
mudsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
mudech chi (conditional plural second-person)
mudsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
muden nhw (conditional plural third-person)
mudsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
mudais i (first-person preterite singular)
mudes i (first-person preterite singular)
mudaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
mudest ti (preterite second-person singular)
mudodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
mudon ni (first-person plural preterite)
mudoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
mudon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
muda (imperative second-person singular)
mudwch (imperative plural second-person)
mudo (mutation mutation-radical)
fudo (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh mudaw, from Proto-Brythonic *mʉdad, from Latin mūtō.


wy

wyau (plural)
wy (mutation mutation-radical)
hwy (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh wy, from Old Welsh ui, from Proto-Celtic *āwyom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm.


frig

brig (mutation mutation-radical)
frig (mutation mutation-soft)
mrig (mutation mutation-nasal)


nage

Onid ef yw dy dad? Nage, nid ef.

Nage fe yw dy dad? Nage, nage fe.

Nage fe yw dy dad? Nage, nage fe.

(South Wales) not (used to negate a fronted non-verbal element in a sentence)


ewig

cy-noun

ewig f (plural ewigod or ewigiaid, masculine hydd or bwch)

ewigod (plural)
ewigiaid (plural)
hydd (masculine)
bwch (masculine)
ewig (mutation mutation-radical)
hewig (mutation prothesis-h)


is-

is- (mutation mutation-radical)
his- (mutation prothesis-h)

is- + arlywydd (“president”) → is-arlywydd (“vice-president”)

is- + deddf (“law”) → is-ddeddf (“byelaw”)

is- + rhywogaeth (“species”) → isrywogaeth (“subspecies”)

is- + teitl (“title”) → isteitl (“subtitle”)

lower, deputy, lieutenant, sub-, vice-, under-, by-


mamothiaid

mamothiaid (mutation mutation-radical)
famothiaid (mutation mutation-soft)


conwyddau

Alternative form of conwydd (“conifers”)

Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.


planhigion

planhigion (mutation mutation-radical)
blanhigion (mutation mutation-soft)
mhlanhigion (mutation mutation-nasal)
phlanhigion (mutation mutation-aspirate)


mamoth gwlanog

mamoth gwlanog m (plural mamothiaid gwlanog)

mamothiaid gwlanog (plural)
mamoth gwlanog (mutation mutation-radical)
famoth gwlanog (mutation mutation-soft)


aderyn

aderyn (mutation mutation-radical)
haderyn (mutation prothesis-h)


hwyad

From Middle Welsh hwyat, from Proto-Brythonic *(s)awyetos (compare Cornish hos, Breton houad), from Proto-Celtic *awis (compare dialectal Irish aoi (“swan”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwis (“bird”) (compare Latin avis).

duck (aquatic bird of the family Anatidae)


brenin

brenin m (plural brenhinoedd, feminine brenhines)

brenhinoedd (plural)
brenhines (feminine)
brenin (mutation mutation-radical)
frenin (mutation mutation-soft)
mrenin (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh brenhin, from Proto-Brythonic *brɨɣėntin, from Proto-Celtic *brigantīnos (“(someone) pre-eminent, outstanding”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-.