hoed

oed (mutation mutation-radical)
hoed (mutation prothesis-h)


lol

Probably of expressive origin; compare English loll (“to lie in a lazy way”), Dutch lullen (“to loiter, hang around”).

onomatopoeic

expressive


march

meirch (plural)
caseg (feminine)
march (mutation mutation-radical)
farch (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh march, from Proto-Brythonic *marx, from Proto-Celtic *markos.


Bahamas

Bahamas (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


Bhutan

Alternative form of Bhwtan: Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


Colombia

Colombia (mutation mutation-radical)
Golombia (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngholombia (mutation mutation-nasal)
Cholombia (mutation mutation-aspirate)


euro

cy-verb

euro (first-person singular present euraf)

euraf (first-person present singular)
euraf (first-person future indicative present singular)
euri (future indicative present second-person singular)
eura (future indicative present singular third-person)
eurwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
eurwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
eurant (future indicative plural present third-person)
eurir (future impersonal indicative present)
eurwn (conditional first-person singular)
eurwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
eurit (conditional second-person singular)
eurit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
eurai (conditional singular third-person)
eurai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
eurem (conditional first-person plural)
eurem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
eurech (conditional plural second-person)
eurech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
eurent (conditional plural third-person)
eurent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
eurid (conditional impersonal)
eurid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
eurais (first-person preterite singular)
euraist (preterite second-person singular)
eurodd (preterite singular third-person)
eurasom (first-person plural preterite)
eurasoch (plural preterite second-person)
eurasant (plural preterite third-person)
eurwyd (impersonal preterite)
euraswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
eurasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
eurasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
eurasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
eurasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
eurasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
eurasid (impersonal pluperfect)
euresid (impersonal pluperfect)
eurwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
eurych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
euro (present singular subjunctive third-person)
eurom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
euroch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
euront (plural present subjunctive third-person)
eurer (impersonal present subjunctive)
eura (imperative second-person singular)
eured (imperative singular third-person)
eurwn (first-person imperative plural)
eurwch (imperative plural second-person)
eurent (imperative plural third-person)
eurer (imperative impersonal)
euro (noun-from-verb)
euredig (participle)
euradwy (participle)
eura i (first-person future singular)
euraf i (first-person future singular)
euri di (future second-person singular)
eurith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
euriff e (future singular third-person)
eurwn ni (first-person future plural)
eurwch chi (future plural second-person)
euran nhw (future plural third-person)
eurwn i (conditional first-person singular)
eurswn i (conditional first-person singular)
euret ti (conditional second-person singular)
eurset ti (conditional second-person singular)
eurai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
eursai fo (conditional singular third-person)
euren ni (conditional first-person plural)
eursen ni (conditional first-person plural)
eurech chi (conditional plural second-person)
eursech chi (conditional plural second-person)
euren nhw (conditional plural third-person)
eursen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
eurais i (first-person preterite singular)
eures i (first-person preterite singular)
euraist ti (preterite second-person singular)
eurest ti (preterite second-person singular)
eurodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
euron ni (first-person plural preterite)
euroch chi (plural preterite second-person)
euron nhw (plural preterite third-person)
eura (imperative second-person singular)
eurwch (imperative plural second-person)
euro (mutation mutation-radical)
heuro (mutation prothesis-h)


robot

cy-noun

robot m (plural robotiaid or robotau, not mutable)

Borrowed from English robot, from Czech robot.


Algeria

Algeria (mutation mutation-radical)
Halgeria (mutation prothesis-h)

From English Algeria, from French Algérie, ultimately from Arabic اَلْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir).

der

اَلْجَزَائِر


the

te (mutation mutation-radical)
de (mutation mutation-soft)
nhe (mutation mutation-nasal)
the (mutation mutation-aspirate)


cod

codau (plural)
cod (mutation mutation-radical)
god (mutation mutation-soft)
nghod (mutation mutation-nasal)
chod (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Cambodia

Cambodia (mutation mutation-radical)
Gambodia (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghambodia (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chambodia (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Brasil

Brasil (mutation mutation-radical)
Frasil (mutation mutation-soft)
Mrasil (mutation mutation-nasal)

Gweriniaeth Ffederal Brasil
Gweriniaeth Ffederal Brasil#Welsh

Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America; official name: Gweriniaeth Ffederal Brasil)


Botswana

Botswana (mutation mutation-radical)
Fotswana (mutation mutation-soft)
Motswana (mutation mutation-nasal)

From English Botswana, from Tswana Botswana.


f

The eighth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èf and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by e and followed by ff.


Oman

Oman (mutation mutation-radical)
Homan (mutation prothesis-h)

Oman (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Angola

Angola (mutation mutation-radical)
Hangola (mutation prothesis-h)

From English Angola, from Portuguese Angola, from Kimbundu ngola.


Israel

Israel (mutation mutation-radical)
Hisrael (mutation prothesis-h)

Latin Israel, from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl).

Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)


y

Y (uppercase)
ysgol (mutation mutation-radical)
hysgol (mutation prothesis-h)

The twenty-ninth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called y and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by w.

ý

with acute accent to indicate unusually stressed short vowel

ŷ

with circumflex to indicate otherwise unpredictable or unusually stressed long vowel

ÿ

with diaeresis to indicate disyllabicity


y

yau (plural)
y (mutation mutation-radical)
hy (mutation prothesis-h)

The name of the Latin-script letter Y/y.


y

From Middle Welsh y, yr, from Old Welsh ir, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *sindos.

y bachgen m

y ferch f

y llong f

y bechgyn pl

y merched pl


y

Merger of two formerly distinct particles, ydd and yd.
* (1) from earlier ydd, from Middle Welsh yð, from Proto-Celtic *ide- (compare Breton e, ez, Cornish y, yth, Old Irish id), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁i-dʰei- (compare Latin ibi (“here”), Avestan 𐬌𐬛𐬁 (idā, “here, in the same way”), and Sanskrit इह (ihá, “here”)).
* (2) from earlier yd, from Middle Welsh yt, from Old Welsh it, from Proto-Celtic *ita- (compare Breton e, ez); akin to Latin ita (“so, thus”), dialectal Lithuanian it (“as”), and Sanskrit íti (“thus, in this manner”).

mai

with fronted element, marked for emphasis

Wyt ti'n meddwl y gall hi ddod?

Mae hi'n gwybod y byddet ti'n gwrando arni hi.

(literary) that (preverbal particle used to mark a subordinate clause)

y dyn y dysgais ei fab

y ferch y gwrandewais arni

(literary) which, whom (particle used with indirect relative clauses)

Yn y dechreuad y creodd Duw y nefoedd a’r ddaear.

1620, William Morgan, Y Bibl Cyssegr-lan, Genesis 1:1:

In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.

(colloquial)

(literary) preverbal particle used to mark an affirmative verb in a main clause


os

Os ydw i’n iawn, yna mae wedi canu arnat ti.

if (used with factual conditionals, i.e., those that are considered likely or plausible)


inc

inciau (plural)
inc (mutation mutation-radical)
hinc (mutation prothesis-h)


a-

a- (mutation mutation-radical)
ha- (mutation prothesis-h)

a- + trist (“sad”) → athrist (“very sad, sorrowful”)

a- + traidd (“piercing, penetration”) → athraidd (“permeable”)

affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word


Iran

Iran (mutation mutation-radical)
Hiran (mutation prothesis-h)

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Armenia

Armenia (mutation mutation-radical)
Harmenia (mutation prothesis-h)

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Croatia

Croatia (mutation mutation-radical)
Groatia (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghroatia (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chroatia (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


brown

cy-adj

brown (feminine singular brown, plural brown, equative browned, comparative brownach, superlative brownaf)

brown (feminine singular)
brown (plural)
browned (equative)
brownach (comparative)
brownaf (superlative)
brown (mutation mutation-radical)
frown (mutation mutation-soft)
mrown (mutation mutation-nasal)


Albania

Albania (mutation mutation-radical)
Halbania (mutation prothesis-h)


Benin

Benin (mutation mutation-radical)
Fenin (mutation mutation-soft)
Menin (mutation mutation-nasal)

From English Benin, from Portuguese Benim, from Itsekiri Ubinu, from Yoruba ile ibinu.

Benin (a country in West Africa, formerly Dahomey)


is

From Middle Welsh is, from Proto-Celtic *ɸīssu (“under”), from Proto-Indo-European *pedsú, locative plural of *pṓds (“foot”). Cognate with Old Irish ís.


is

is (mutation mutation-radical)
his (mutation prothesis-h)


fy

head

fy (triggers nasal mutation of a following consonant)

of a following consonant (triggers-mutation-nasal)

'm

used after some prepositions, does not trigger mutation

Dyna fy nhad a fy nhad-cu.


fy

Byddant yn fy nghyflogi dros dro.

me (as the direct object of a verbal noun)


Barbados

Barbados (mutation mutation-radical)
Farbados (mutation mutation-soft)
Marbados (mutation mutation-nasal)

Barbados (an island and country in the Caribbean)


ci

cŵn (plural)
ci (mutation mutation-radical)
gi (mutation mutation-soft)
nghi (mutation mutation-nasal)
chi (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh ci, from Proto-Brythonic *ki, from Proto-Celtic *kū, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.


Canada

Canada (mutation mutation-radical)
Ganada (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghanada (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chanada (mutation mutation-aspirate)


te

te (mutation mutation-radical)
de (mutation mutation-soft)
nhe (mutation mutation-nasal)
the (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from English tea, from Dutch thee, from Hokkien 茶 (tê), probably via French thé or English tea.

Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensis#Translingual

(uncountable) tea (drink made with infusion of Camellia sinensis or other leaves)


A

a (lowercase)
afal (mutation mutation-radical)
hafal (mutation prothesis-h)

The first letter of the Welsh alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script. It is followed by B.


ad

gad (mutation mutation-radical)
ad (mutation mutation-soft)
ngad (mutation mutation-nasal)


gas

cas (mutation mutation-radical)
gas (mutation mutation-soft)
nghas (mutation mutation-nasal)
chas (mutation mutation-aspirate)


map

mapiau (plural)
map (mutation mutation-radical)
fap (mutation mutation-soft)


de

de (feminine singular de, plural de, not comparable)

Contraction of older deau (“right; south”), from Proto-Celtic *dexswos (“right”). Cognate with Cornish dyhow, Breton dehou, Irish deas, Scottish Gaelic deas, Manx jiass.
The sense "south" comes from the fact that the south is on the right-hand side of a person facing east. Compare the relationship between cledd (“left”) and gogledd (“north”).


de

de (mutation mutation-radical)
dde (mutation mutation-soft)
ne (mutation mutation-nasal)


de

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


big

pig (mutation mutation-radical)
big (mutation mutation-soft)
mhig (mutation mutation-nasal)
phig (mutation mutation-aspirate)


plant

cy-noun

plant m (collective, singulative plentyn)

plentyn (singulative)
plant (mutation mutation-radical)
blant (mutation mutation-soft)
mhlant (mutation mutation-nasal)
phlant (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Old Welsh plant, from Latin planta.

1620, Revised version of William Morgan’s translation of the Bible, Joel 1:3

Tell ye your children of it, and let your children tell their children, and their children another generation. (KJV)

Mynegwch hyn i’ch plant, a’ch plant i’w plant hwythau, a’u plant hwythau i genhedlaeth arall.

children (of parents), offspring (sometimes of animals), progeny, issue; descendants

people regarded as product of a particular place, time, event, circumstances, etc.


win

gwin (mutation mutation-radical)
win (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwin (mutation mutation-nasal)


can

cy-adj

can (feminine singular can, plural can, equative canned, comparative cannach, superlative cannaf)

can (feminine singular)
can (plural)
canned (equative)
cannach (comparative)
cannaf (superlative)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kand- (“to shine, glow”).
See also Ancient Greek κάνδαρος (kándaros, “charcoal”), Albanian hënë (“moon”), Sanskrit चन्द्र (candrá, “shining”) and Old Armenian խանդ (xand).


can

From Middle Welsh and Old Welsh cant, from Proto-Brythonic *kant, from Proto-Celtic *kantom (“hundred”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

(cardinal number) Apocopic form of cant (“one hundred”)


can

caniau (plural)
can (mutation mutation-radical)
gan (mutation mutation-soft)
nghan (mutation mutation-nasal)
chan (mutation mutation-aspirate)


symbol

From English symbol, from French symbole, from Latin symbolus, symbolum (“a sign, mark, token, symbol, in Late Latin also a creed”), from Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”).


tomato

tomatos (plural)
tomato (mutation mutation-radical)
domato (mutation mutation-soft)
nhomato (mutation mutation-nasal)
thomato (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from English tomato, from Spanish tomate, from Classical Nahuatl tomatl.


of

gof (mutation mutation-radical)
of (mutation mutation-soft)
ngof (mutation mutation-nasal)


i

I (uppercase)
iwrch (mutation mutation-radical)
hiwrch (mutation prothesis-h)

The thirteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by h and followed by l.

ì

with grave accent to indicate otherwise unpredictable short vowel


i

ïau (plural)
i (mutation mutation-radical)
hi (mutation prothesis-h)

The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.


i

From Proto-Brythonic *mi, from Proto-Celtic *mī.


i

im (first-person singular)
imi (first-person singular)
inni (first-person plural)
i ni (first-person plural)
it (second-person singular)
iti (second-person singular)
iwch (plural second-person)
ichwi (plural second-person)
iddo (singular third-person)
iddo ef m (singular third-person)
iddi (singular third-person)
iddi hi f (singular third-person)
iddynt (plural third-person)
iddynt hwy (plural third-person)
i mi (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
i ni (first-person plural)
i ti (second-person singular)
i chi (plural second-person)
iddo fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
iddi hi f (singular third-person)
iddyn nhw (plural third-person)

From Middle Welsh y, from Old Welsh di (pronounced /ði/), from Proto-Celtic *dū, related to Breton da (“to, for”), Cornish dhe (“to, for”), Irish do (“to, for”).

Aethon nhw iʼr ysbyty.

Mae’r jem i Siân.
The jewel is for Siân.

Dw i’n prynu teiar newydd i’n car.

Maen nhw’n dweud iddi hi yfed gormod o gwrw.


his

is (mutation mutation-radical)
his (mutation prothesis-h)


o

O (uppercase)
oren (mutation mutation-radical)
horen (mutation prothesis-h)

The nineteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by n and followed by p.


o

oau (plural)
o (mutation mutation-radical)
ho (mutation prothesis-h)

The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.


o

Aphetic form of efô, reinforced form of ef


o

ohonof (first-person singular)
ohonom (first-person plural)
ohonot (second-person singular)
ohonoch (plural second-person)
ohono m (singular third-person)
ohoni f (singular third-person)
ohonyn (plural third-person)
ohono i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
ohona i (first-person singular)
ono i (first-person singular)
ohonon ni (first-person plural)
onon ni (first-person plural)
ohonot ti (second-person singular)
onot ti (second-person singular)
ohona ti (second-person singular)
ohonoch chi (plural second-person)
onoch chi (plural second-person)
ohono fe (singular third-person)
fo (singular third-person)
ono fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
ohoni hi (singular third-person)
oni hi f (singular third-person)
ohonyn nhw (plural third-person)
onyn nhw (plural third-person)

From Proto-Brythonic *ọ, from Proto-Celtic *au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, off”).

Aethon ni o Gaerdydd i Abertawe.
We went from Cardiff to Swansea.

Roedd llawer o frain yn y coed.

Mae'r tri ohonyn nhw'n dweud celwydd.

arbennig o bwysig

ofnadwy o garedig

Connects an adjective modifying another adjective (equivalent to adverb + adjective in English)

Mae pedwar deg saith o weithwyr gyda'r cwmni.

Connects a multi-word numeral to a plural noun


o

Possibly a conjunctive use of Etymology 3. Compare Old Irish ó (“when”).


en

eniau (plural)
en (mutation mutation-radical)
hen (mutation prothesis-h)

The name of the Latin-script letter N/n.


banana

bananas (plural)
banana (mutation mutation-radical)
fanana (mutation mutation-soft)
manana (mutation mutation-nasal)

From English banana, from Wolof banaana, via Portuguese and/or Spanish.


was

gwas (mutation mutation-radical)
was (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwas (mutation mutation-nasal)


el

eliau (plural)
el (mutation mutation-radical)
hel (mutation prothesis-h)

The name of the Latin-script letter L/l.


sill

cy-noun

sill f (plural sillau or silloedd, not mutable)


mi

Mae hen wlad fy nhadau yn annwyl i mi.

The old land of my fathers is dear to me.

Rhaid i mi fynd i weld Taid.


mi

head

mi (triggers soft mutation on the following verb)

mi (mutation mutation-radical)
fi (mutation mutation-soft)

Mi werthes i hanner dwsin.

(North Wales) used with inflected verbs to mark affirmative statements.


pajamas

pajamas (mutation mutation-radical)
bajamas (mutation mutation-soft)
mhajamas (mutation mutation-nasal)
phajamas (mutation mutation-aspirate)


pi

The name of the Latin-script letter P/p.


gold

gold (mutation mutation-radical)
old (mutation mutation-soft)
ngold (mutation mutation-nasal)


her

Compare English here, used in an interjectory sense as in "here! shoo! go on!"

onomatopoeic

interjectory


men

menni (plural)
mennau (plural)
men (mutation mutation-radical)
fen (mutation mutation-soft)

Variant of earlier ben, from Proto-Celtic *bend(n)ā (whence Latin benna), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”).


lama

From English llama, from Spanish llama, from Quechua llama.


lama

From English lama from Tibetan བླ་མ (bla ma).


thin

tin (mutation mutation-radical)
din (mutation mutation-soft)
nhin (mutation mutation-nasal)
thin (mutation mutation-aspirate)


amethyst

amethystau (plural)
amethyst (mutation mutation-radical)
hamethyst (mutation prothesis-h)


both

bothau (plural)
both (mutation mutation-radical)
foth (mutation mutation-soft)
moth (mutation mutation-nasal)

Probably ultimately from Proto-Celtic *buzdos (“tail, penis”) perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷosdʰos (“piece of wood”) (compare Proto-Slavic *gvozdь (“nail, tack, peg”)). Cognates include Cornish both (“hump, stud”), Breton bod (“bush, shrub”), Irish bod (“penis”), Manx bod (“penis”) and Manx bwoid (“penis”).


AC

(politics) Initialism of Aelod Cynulliad.


bei

pei (mutation mutation-radical)
bei (mutation mutation-soft)
mhei (mutation mutation-nasal)
phei (mutation mutation-aspirate)


air

gair (mutation mutation-radical)
air (mutation mutation-soft)
ngair (mutation mutation-nasal)


Tasmania

Tasmania (mutation mutation-radical)
Dasmania (mutation mutation-soft)
Nhasmania (mutation mutation-nasal)
Thasmania (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Tasmania (a state and island in Australia)


CH

head

CH (upper case, lower case ch, mixed case Ch)

èch, the fourth letter of the Welsh alphabet, after C and before D


chain

cain (mutation mutation-radical)
gain (mutation mutation-soft)
nghain (mutation mutation-nasal)
chain (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ag

From Old Welsh (h)ac ‘and’, from Proto-Brythonic *atkʷe, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ét-kʷe (compare Breton hag and Cornish hag); identical to Latin atque. Doublet of Welsh ac.


person

Ultimately borrowed from Latin persōna (“mask used by actor; role, part, character”), probably via Middle English or Old French persone (“human being”).

bor+

yn y trydydd person


person

personiaid (plural)
person (mutation mutation-radical)
berson (mutation mutation-soft)
mherson (mutation mutation-nasal)
pherson (mutation mutation-aspirate)


tan

head

tan (triggers soft mutation on a following noun)

tanof (first-person singular)
tanom (first-person plural)
tanot (second-person singular)
tanoch (plural second-person)
tano m (singular third-person)
tani f (singular third-person)
tanynt (plural third-person)
tan (mutation mutation-radical)
dan (mutation mutation-soft)
nhan (mutation mutation-nasal)
than (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh tan, from Proto-Brythonic *tan, from Proto-Celtic *tanai, dative of *tanā, from Proto-Indo-European *tn̥néh₂.


car

ceir (plural)
car (mutation mutation-radical)
gar (mutation mutation-soft)
nghar (mutation mutation-nasal)
char (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh carr, from Proto-Brythonic *karr, from Proto-Celtic *karros.


gaffer

caffer (mutation mutation-radical)
gaffer (mutation mutation-soft)
nghaffer (mutation mutation-nasal)
chaffer (mutation mutation-aspirate)


bai

Arnat ti roedd y bai.


bai

bai (mutation mutation-radical)
fai (mutation mutation-soft)
mai (mutation mutation-nasal)

third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of bod


del

cy-adj

del (feminine singular del, plural del, equative deled, comparative delach, superlative delaf)

del (feminine singular)
del (plural)
deled (equative)
delach (comparative)
delaf (superlative)
del (mutation mutation-radical)
ddel (mutation mutation-soft)
nel (mutation mutation-nasal)


hi

From Proto-Celtic *sī (compare Old Irish sí).


hi

i (mutation mutation-radical)
hi (mutation prothesis-h)


bran

bran (mutation mutation-radical)
fran (mutation mutation-soft)
mran (mutation mutation-nasal)

bran (broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain), husks


ai

May derive from a (interrogative particle) + yw (“is, are”) or from or via the synonymous ae.

com

Ai ef yw dy dad?

interrogative particle (used when a non-verbal element is fronted for emphasis)

Ni wn ai ef yw dy dad.

I do not know whether he is your father.

whether, if (used when the subordinate clause has a non-verbal element fronted for emphasis)


Melbourne

Melbourne (the capital of Victoria, Australia)


Sydney

(uncountable) Sydney (a major port city, the state capital of New South Wales, Australia, and the most populous city in Australia)

(uncountable) Sydney (a seaport and former city in Nova Scotia, Canada, now part of the amalgamated Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island)


at

ataf (first-person singular)
atom (first-person plural)
atat (second-person singular)
atoch (plural second-person)
ato m (singular third-person)
ati f (singular third-person)
atynt (plural third-person)
ato i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
ata i (first-person singular)
aton ni (first-person plural)
atot ti (second-person singular)
atat ti (second-person singular)
atoch chi (plural second-person)
ato fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
ati hi f (singular third-person)
atyn nhw (plural third-person)

Variant of Old Welsh ad (alongside the now-obsolete add), from Proto-Celtic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd.


to

toeau (plural)
toeon (plural)
to (mutation mutation-radical)
do (mutation mutation-soft)
nho (mutation mutation-nasal)
tho (mutation mutation-aspirate)


gallo

gallo (mutation mutation-radical)
allo (mutation mutation-soft)
ngallo (mutation mutation-nasal)

third-person singular present subjunctive of gallu


tin

tinau (plural)
tin (mutation mutation-radical)
din (mutation mutation-soft)
nhin (mutation mutation-nasal)
thin (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Celtic *tuknā, from Proto-Indo-European *tewk-, see also English thigh, Scottish Gaelic tòin.

tinboeth

lecherous; arsesmart, water-pepper; redstart


as

asau (plural)
as (mutation mutation-radical)
has (mutation prothesis-h)


talent

(literary) third-person plural imperfect/conditional of talu


talent

cy-noun

talent m or f (plural talentau or talenti or talennau or talents)

talentau (plural)
talenti (plural)
talennau (plural)
talents (plural)
talent (mutation mutation-radical)
dalent (mutation mutation-soft)
nhalent (mutation mutation-nasal)
thalent (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ail

cy-adj

ail (feminine singular ail, plural ail, not comparable)

ail (feminine singular)
ail (plural)
ail (mutation mutation-radical)
hail (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh eil, from Proto-Brythonic *ėl, from Proto-Celtic *alyos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (“other”).

yr ail lawr


ia

From ie with the unstressed final vowel lowered from /ɛ/ to /a/, a feature of north-west Walian speech.

Fo ’di dy dad di? Ia, dyna fo.

Fo ’di dy dad, ia?
He’s your dad, is he?

(North Wales, colloquial) interrogative particle (used sentence-finally when a non-verbal element is fronted for emphasis)


drawn

trawn (mutation mutation-radical)
drawn (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrawn (mutation mutation-nasal)
thrawn (mutation mutation-aspirate)


blew

blewyn (singulative)
blew (mutation mutation-radical)
flew (mutation mutation-soft)
mlew (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh blew; cognate with Breton blev and Cornish blew. Of uncertain ultimate origin and lacking Celtic cognates outside of Brythonic. Perhaps related to Ancient Greek φλόος (phlóos, “rind, bark”). Or, related to Lithuanian plùskos (“hair”) and Proto-West Germanic *fleus (“fleece”), from Proto-Indo-European *plews- (“to pull out, pluck”).

achub y blewyn a cholli’r bwrn

to be penny-wise and pound-foolish, to falsely economise


lech

llech (mutation mutation-radical)
lech (mutation mutation-soft)


pen

From Middle Welsh and Old Welsh penn, from Proto-Brythonic *penn, from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom.

gobennu

to terminate, to accent on the penultimate syllable


pen

cy-adj

pen (feminine singular pen, plural pen, equative penned, comparative pennach, superlative pennaf)

pen (feminine singular)
pen (plural)
penned (equative)
pennach (comparative)
pennaf (superlative)
pen (mutation mutation-radical)
ben (mutation mutation-soft)
mhen (mutation mutation-nasal)
phen (mutation mutation-aspirate)


flew

blew (mutation mutation-radical)
flew (mutation mutation-soft)
mlew (mutation mutation-nasal)


ban

bannau (plural)
bannoedd (plural)
ban (mutation mutation-radical)
fan (mutation mutation-soft)
man (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh bann, from Proto-Brythonic *bann, from Proto-Celtic *bandā.


lam

llam (mutation mutation-radical)
lam (mutation mutation-soft)


man

From Middle Welsh mann, from Proto-Celtic *mendu (“mark, location”), from Proto-Indo-European *men-dʰh₁u-. Cognate with Old Irish mind (“crown”), and also related to Old Irish mennar (“blemish, stain”); outside of Celtic, cognate with Latin mendum (“fault, blemish”), Hittite [script needed] (mant-, “something harming”).


man

cy-noun

man m (plural mannau or mannoedd, diminutive mannyn or mennyn)

mannau (plural)
mannoedd (plural)
mannyn (diminutive)
mennyn (diminutive)

Possibly from Latin menda (“defect, blemish, mistake”), from Proto-Indo-European *mend- (“physical defect, fault”); if so, then from the same origin as Etymology 1. See Old Irish mennar (“blemish, stain”).


man

man (mutation mutation-radical)
fan (mutation mutation-soft)

Learned borrowing from Hebrew מן (mān, “manna”).


unit

unit (mutation mutation-radical)
hunit (mutation prothesis-h)

(literary) second-person singular imperfect/conditional of uno


not

dot (mutation mutation-radical)
ddot (mutation mutation-soft)
not (mutation mutation-nasal)


dug

Borrowed from Middle English duk, itself a borrowing from Old French duc, from Latin dux.


dug

dug (mutation mutation-radical)
ddug (mutation mutation-soft)
nug (mutation mutation-nasal)

(obsolete, literary) third-person singular past of dwyn


Islam

Islam (mutation mutation-radical)
Hislam (mutation prothesis-h)

From Arabic إِسْلَام (ʔislām, “submission, surrender”), verbal noun of أَسْلَمَ (ʔaslama), from the root س ل م (s-l-m).


ben

benni (plural)
ben (mutation mutation-radical)
fen (mutation mutation-soft)
men (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh benn, from Proto-Brythonic *benn, from Proto-Celtic *bend(n)ā (whence Latin benna), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”).


ben

pen (mutation mutation-radical)
ben (mutation mutation-soft)
mhen (mutation mutation-nasal)
phen (mutation mutation-aspirate)


laid

llaid (mutation mutation-radical)
laid (mutation mutation-soft)


bore

boreau (plural)
bore (mutation mutation-radical)
fore (mutation mutation-soft)
more (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh bore, from Proto-Brythonic *bọreɣ, from Proto-Celtic *bāregos (“morning”). Cognate with Breton beure and Old Irish bárach (whence i mbárach (“tomorrow”), modern Irish amáireach and amárach).


draw

Related to Breton treu, Old Breton dydreu, didreu.

Mae'n byw ochr draw'r mynydd.

He/She lives on the other/far side of the mountain.

Dere draw ar ôl y gwaith.


had

head

had m pl or m sg (singulative hedyn, plural hadau)

From Middle Welsh hat, from Proto-Brythonic *had, from Proto-Celtic *satos, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₁-tó-, past participle of *seh₁- (“to sow”). Cognate with English seed.


got

cot (mutation mutation-radical)
got (mutation mutation-soft)
nghot (mutation mutation-nasal)
chot (mutation mutation-aspirate)


so

second/third-person singular present negative colloquial

first/second/third-person plural present negative colloquial

So fe’n credu.
He doesn’t think so.


ber

ber (mutation mutation-radical)
fer (mutation mutation-soft)
mer (mutation mutation-nasal)


bid

bid (mutation mutation-radical)
fid (mutation mutation-soft)
mid (mutation mutation-nasal)

(literary) third-person singular imperative of bod


angel

angylion (plural)
engyl (plural)
angel (mutation mutation-radical)
hangel (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh angel, from Proto-Brythonic *angel, a borrowing from Latin angelus, from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος m (ángelos, “messenger; one that announces”). Cognate with Cornish el, Breton ael.


bad

bad (mutation mutation-radical)
fad (mutation mutation-soft)
mad (mutation mutation-nasal)


dig

cy-adj

dig (feminine singular dig, plural dig, equative diced, comparative dicach, superlative dicaf)

dig (feminine singular)
dig (plural)
diced (equative)
dicach (comparative)
dicaf (superlative)
dig (mutation mutation-radical)
ddig (mutation mutation-soft)
nig (mutation mutation-nasal)


cost

costau (plural)
cost (mutation mutation-radical)
gost (mutation mutation-soft)
nghost (mutation mutation-nasal)
chost (mutation mutation-aspirate)


we

gwe (mutation mutation-radical)
we (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwe (mutation mutation-nasal)


all

gall (mutation mutation-radical)
all (mutation mutation-soft)
ngall (mutation mutation-nasal)


paid

paid (mutation mutation-radical)
baid (mutation mutation-soft)
mhaid (mutation mutation-nasal)
phaid (mutation mutation-aspirate)

third-person singular present indicative/future literary

inflection of peidio:
second-person singular imperative


pin

p'un (“which one?”) stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn

From Latin pīnus (compare Middle Irish pín).


pin

pinnau (plural)
pin (mutation mutation-radical)
bin (mutation mutation-soft)
mhin (mutation mutation-nasal)
phin (mutation mutation-aspirate)


tractor

cy-noun

tractor m (plural tractorau or tractors)

tractorau (plural)
tractors (plural)
tractor (mutation mutation-radical)
dractor (mutation mutation-soft)
nhractor (mutation mutation-nasal)
thractor (mutation mutation-aspirate)


actor

actorion (plural)
actor (mutation mutation-radical)
hactor (mutation prothesis-h)


law

glaw (mutation mutation-radical)
law (mutation mutation-soft)
nglaw (mutation mutation-nasal)


law

llaw (mutation mutation-radical)
law (mutation mutation-soft)


led

lled (mutation mutation-radical)
led (mutation mutation-soft)


thrown

trown (mutation mutation-radical)
drown (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrown (mutation mutation-nasal)
thrown (mutation mutation-aspirate)


camera

camerâu (plural)
camera (mutation mutation-radical)
gamera (mutation mutation-soft)
nghamera (mutation mutation-nasal)
chamera (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from English camera, from Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára), of Old Iranian origin.


rod

rhod (mutation mutation-radical)
rod (mutation mutation-soft)


hurt

cy-adj

hurt (feminine singular hurt, plural hurtion, equative hurted, comparative hurtach, superlative hurtaf, not mutable)

hurt (feminine singular)
hurtion (plural)
hurted (equative)
hurtach (comparative)
hurtaf (superlative)

hurtio

to become foolish, to be dazed, stupefied


hurt

cy-noun

hurt m (plural hurtion or hurtiaid or hurtod, not mutable)

hurtion (plural)
hurtiaid (plural)
hurtod (plural)
hurt (mutation mutation-radical)


er

From Middle Welsh yr, from Proto-Brythonic *er, from Proto-Celtic *ɸeri, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”). Compare Cornish er (“for, by”), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), Latin per (“through”).

cog

Nid y Sbaeneg (er y byddai hynny'n syniad da hefyd) ond Cymraeg arbennig y Wladfa.

2018 September 28, “Cymraeg y Wladfa a Chymraeg Cymru - beth yw'r gwahaniaethau?”, in BBC Cymru Fyw:

Not Spanish (although that would also be a good idea) but the particular Welsh of Y Wladfa.

Ges i fy magu yn Y Barri, ac er mod i wedi symud i ffwrdd i'r brifysgol, …

2019 June 13, Llinos Lee, “Y Barri: Mwy na dim ond 'Gavin & Stacey'”, in BBC Cymru Fyw:

I was brought up in Barry, and although I moved away for university, …


er

erof (first-person singular)
erom (first-person plural)
erot (second-person singular)
eroch (plural second-person)
erddo m (singular third-person)
erddi f (singular third-person)
erddynt (plural third-person)


er

eriau (plural)
er (mutation mutation-radical)
her (mutation prothesis-h)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.


ran

rhan (mutation mutation-radical)
ran (mutation mutation-soft)


carp

cerpyn (singulative)
carp (mutation mutation-radical)
garp (mutation mutation-soft)
ngharp (mutation mutation-nasal)
charp (mutation mutation-aspirate)


bacteria

cy-noun

bacteria m (collective, singulative bacteriwm)

bacteriwm (singulative)
bacteria (mutation mutation-radical)
facteria (mutation mutation-soft)
macteria (mutation mutation-nasal)

From English bacteria, from New Latin bactēria, plural of bactērium, from Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion, “little rod”).


down

down (mutation mutation-radical)
ddown (mutation mutation-soft)
nown (mutation mutation-nasal)

inflection of dod:
first-person plural present/future

(literary) first-person plural imperative

inflection of dod:
first-person plural imperative


bib

pib (mutation mutation-radical)
bib (mutation mutation-soft)
mhib (mutation mutation-nasal)
phib (mutation mutation-aspirate)


cell

cy-noun

cell f (plural celloedd, diminutive cellan)

celloedd (plural)
cellan (diminutive)
cell (mutation mutation-radical)
gell (mutation mutation-soft)
nghell (mutation mutation-nasal)
chell (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh kell, from Proto-Brythonic *kell, from Latin cella.


bell

pell (mutation mutation-radical)
bell (mutation mutation-soft)
mhell (mutation mutation-nasal)
phell (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ideal

cy-adj

ideal (feminine singular ideal, plural ideal, not comparable)

ideal (feminine singular)
ideal (plural)


ideal

idealau (plural)
ideal (mutation mutation-radical)
hideal (mutation prothesis-h)


do

From Proto-Celtic *tod, from Proto-Indo-European *tód (“that”).

Do, es i i'r parc ddoe.


do

do (mutation mutation-radical)
ddo (mutation mutation-soft)
no (mutation mutation-nasal)

first-person singular future colloquial of dod


do

to (mutation mutation-radical)
do (mutation mutation-soft)
nho (mutation mutation-nasal)
tho (mutation mutation-aspirate)


bol

boliau (plural)
bol (mutation mutation-radical)
fol (mutation mutation-soft)
mol (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh boly, from Old Welsh bolg, from Proto-Brythonic *bolɣ, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos; cognate with Old Irish bolg, English belly. Doublet of ffôl (“foolish”).


bil

biliau (plural)
bil (mutation mutation-radical)
fil (mutation mutation-soft)
mil (mutation mutation-nasal)

Borrowed from English bill (“note of charges for goods; list”), from Middle English bille (“document”), from Anglo-Norman bille, from Old French bulle, from Medieval Latin bulla (“seal; sealed document”).


ewro

ewros (plural)
ewroau (plural)
ewro (mutation mutation-radical)
hewro (mutation prothesis-h)


act

actau (plural)
act (mutation mutation-radical)
hact (mutation prothesis-h)


ir

cy-adj

ir (feminine singular ir, plural irion, equative ired, comparative irach, superlative iraf)

ir (feminine singular)
irion (plural)
ired (equative)
irach (comparative)
iraf (superlative)
ir (mutation mutation-radical)
hir (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *ir (compare Cornish yr), from Proto-Celtic *ɸūros (compare Irish úr), from Proto-Indo-European *puHrós, from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to be clean, pure”). Doublet of pur.


penis

penis (mutation mutation-radical)
benis (mutation mutation-soft)
mhenis (mutation mutation-nasal)
phenis (mutation mutation-aspirate)


cut

Borrowed from Middle English [Term?], from Old Northern French cot, cote (“hut, cottage”).

hut, shed; cottage, hovel; pen, coop; cage


cut

cutiaid (plural)
cut (mutation mutation-radical)
gut (mutation mutation-soft)
nghut (mutation mutation-nasal)
chut (mutation mutation-aspirate)


bag

bagiau (plural)
bag (mutation mutation-radical)
fag (mutation mutation-soft)
mag (mutation mutation-nasal)


dull

dulliau (plural)
dull (mutation mutation-radical)
ddull (mutation mutation-soft)

Morris Jones traces this from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, point out”) via a formation *doix-sl-, but Russell instead derives this from *to-ud-lom.

inh

Gan i'r dull a gymerais o'r blaen, o gyrraedd amrywiol ddosbarthiadau o ddarllenwyr, ei gymeradwyo ei hun i gynifer, glynais wrtho, a rhoi cyfieithiadau a ffurfiau llenyddol ar waelod y tudalennau.

1938, John Pierce, “foreword”, in Dan Lenni'r Nos [Under Cover of Night], Liverpool: Gwasg y Brython, page 5:

As the method I had taken before, of reaching various classes of readers, appealed to so many, I stuck to it, and put translations and learned forms at the bottom of the pages.


ether

cy-noun

ether f (usually uncountable, plural ethra or ethera)

ethra (plural)
ethera (plural)
ether (mutation mutation-radical)
hether (mutation prothesis-h)

(uncountable, literary, poetic) ether (a mystical substance formerly thought to fill the upper atmosphere, firmament, the sky, the heavens)

luminiferous aether
luminiferous aether#English

(uncountable, physics, historical) luminiferous aether (a substance formerly thought to fill all unoccupied space that allowed electromagnetic waves to pass through it and interact with matter, without interacting with them itself)

(uncountable, organic chemistry) ether, diethyl ether (C₄H₁₀O)

(countable) an ether (one of a class of organic compounds containing an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrocarbon groups)


piano

pianoau (plural)
pianos (plural)
piano (mutation mutation-radical)
biano (mutation mutation-soft)
mhiano (mutation mutation-nasal)
phiano (mutation mutation-aspirate)


rin

rhin (mutation mutation-radical)
rin (mutation mutation-soft)


chan

can (mutation mutation-radical)
gan (mutation mutation-soft)
nghan (mutation mutation-nasal)
chan (mutation mutation-aspirate)


sin

PIE word
 *(s)ḱeh₃-
From English scene, from Middle French scene, from Latin scaena, scēna, from Ancient Greek σκηνή (skēnḗ, “scene, stage”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃ih₂, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness, shadow”). Doublet of cysgod (“shade, shadow”).

der

y sin bop Gymraeg


sin

From English sine, from Latin sinus (“curve, bend; bosom”), a translation of Arabic جَيْب (jayb, “bosom”), from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “sine, chord, bowstring”) through Sanskrit जीव (jīva, “sine, chord, life, existence”). Doublet of sinws (“sinus”).


sin

From Middle English sine, from Old French signe, from Latin signum, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”) or *sekʷ- (“to follow”); Doublet of hesg (“sedges, rushes”) if the former, Doublet of chwedl (“tale”), ateb (“to answer”), and gohebu (“to correspond”) if the latter.


cf.

cf.; abbreviation of cymharer (“impersonal imperative of cymharu (“to compare”)”).


brain

cy-noun

brain m or f (plural breiniau or breinau or breinioedd or breinion)

breiniau (plural)
breinau (plural)
breinioedd (plural)
breinion (plural)
brain (mutation mutation-radical)
frain (mutation mutation-soft)
mrain (mutation mutation-nasal)


long

llong (mutation mutation-radical)
long (mutation mutation-soft)


set

setiau (plural)
set (mutation mutation-radical)


o-

go- (mutation mutation-radical)
o- (mutation mutation-soft)
ngo- (mutation mutation-nasal)


du

cy-adj

du (feminine singular du, plural duon, equative dued, comparative duach, superlative duaf)

du (feminine singular)
duon (plural)
dued (equative)
duach (comparative)
duaf (superlative)
du (mutation mutation-radical)
ddu (mutation mutation-soft)
nu (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *duβ, from Proto-Celtic *dubus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.

Mae ganddo fo fwstash du.


bi

The name of the Latin-script letter B/b.


b

B (uppercase)
bara (mutation mutation-radical)
fara (mutation mutation-soft)
mara (mutation mutation-nasal)

The second letter of the Welsh alphabet, called bi and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by a and followed by c.


bo

bo (mutation mutation-radical)
fo (mutation mutation-soft)
mo (mutation mutation-nasal)

(literary) third-person singular present subjunctive of bod


moron

cy-noun

moron f (collective, singulative moronen)

moronen (singulative)
moron (mutation mutation-radical)
foron (mutation mutation-soft)

From Old English moran, plural of more (“edible root, carrot, parsnip”), from Proto-West Germanic *morhā, from Proto-Germanic *murhǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥k- (“edible herb, root, tuber”).


moron

boron (mutation mutation-radical)
foron (mutation mutation-soft)
moron (mutation mutation-nasal)


dew

tew (mutation mutation-radical)
dew (mutation mutation-soft)
nhew (mutation mutation-nasal)
thew (mutation mutation-aspirate)


go

From Middle Welsh gwo-, from Old Welsh guo-, from Proto-Brythonic *gwo-, from Proto-Celtic *uɸo- (“under”).


g

G (uppercase)
gorsaf (mutation mutation-radical)
orsaf (mutation mutation-soft)
ngorsaf (mutation mutation-nasal)

The tenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èg and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by ff and followed by ng.


gain

cain (mutation mutation-radical)
gain (mutation mutation-soft)
nghain (mutation mutation-nasal)
chain (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Tibet

Tibet (mutation mutation-radical)
Dibet (mutation mutation-soft)
Nhibet (mutation mutation-nasal)
Thibet (mutation mutation-aspirate)


w

W (uppercase)
wy (mutation mutation-radical)
hwy (mutation prothesis-h)

The twenty-eighth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called w and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by u and followed by y.

ŵ

with circumflex to indicate otherwise unpredictable or unusually stressed long vowel or disyllabicity


w

ŵau (plural)
w (mutation mutation-radical)
hw (mutation prothesis-h)

The name of the Latin-script letter W/w.


w

W i yn y car.

W i ddim yn hapus.

(South Wales) first-person singular present colloquial of bod (in affirmative or negative statements)

dw

in negative statements, also in affirmative statements in North Wales


hydrogen

/ˈhədrɔˌɡɛn/

/ˈhɨ̞drɔˌɡɛn/

/ˈhədrɔˌɡɛn/

/ˈhɪdrɔˌɡɛn/

Borrowed from English hydrogen, from French hydrogène, from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”) + γεννάω (gennáō, “I bring forth”).


h

ei hiaith

i’n heglwys

un ar hugain


syn

cy-adj

syn (feminine singular syn, plural synion, equative syned, comparative synach, superlative synaf, not mutable)

syn (feminine singular)
synion (plural)
syned (equative)
synach (comparative)
synaf (superlative)

Back-formation from synnu (“to surprise”).


wal

waliau (plural)
welydd (plural)
gwal (mutation mutation-radical)
wal (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwal (mutation mutation-nasal)


dry

try (mutation mutation-radical)
dry (mutation mutation-soft)
nhry (mutation mutation-nasal)
thry (mutation mutation-aspirate)


d

D (uppercase)
draig (mutation mutation-radical)
ddraig (mutation mutation-soft)
nraig (mutation mutation-nasal)

The fifth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called di and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by ch and followed by dd.


c

C (uppercase)
cath (mutation mutation-radical)
gath (mutation mutation-soft)
nghath (mutation mutation-nasal)
chath (mutation mutation-aspirate)

The third letter of the Welsh alphabet, called ec and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by b and followed by ch.


agora

agora (mutation mutation-radical)
hagora (mutation prothesis-h)

third-person singular present indicative/future literary

second-person singular imperative colloquial


pig

pigau (plural)
pig (mutation mutation-radical)
big (mutation mutation-soft)
mhig (mutation mutation-nasal)
phig (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Possibly from Middle English pyke (“pike, sharp point”). Cognate with Breton beg.


fri

bri (mutation mutation-radical)
fri (mutation mutation-soft)
mri (mutation mutation-nasal)


u

U (uppercase)
uchelwydd (mutation mutation-radical)
huchelwydd (mutation prothesis-h)

The twenty-eighth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called u and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by th and followed by w.


u

uau (plural)
u (mutation mutation-radical)
hu (mutation prothesis-h)

The name of the Latin-script letter U/u.


e

E (uppercase)
eliffant (mutation mutation-radical)
heliffant (mutation prothesis-h)

The seventh letter of the Welsh alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by dd and followed by f.


e

eau (plural)
e (mutation mutation-radical)
he (mutation prothesis-h)

The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.


than

tan (mutation mutation-radical)
dan (mutation mutation-soft)
nhan (mutation mutation-nasal)
than (mutation mutation-aspirate)


hun

fy hun

ei hun

ein hun

fy ngeiriau fy hun

ei syniad ei hun

ein cartref ein hun

(with possessive determiner preceding both itself and the noun) own


hun

un (mutation mutation-radical)
hun (mutation prothesis-h)

ei hun ei hun

(Compare: ei un ei hun


hun

From Proto-Brythonic *hʉn, from Proto-Celtic *sounos, from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos (“sleep”).


cwm

cy-noun

cwm m (plural cymau or cymoedd or cymydd)

cymau (plural)
cymoedd (plural)
cymydd (plural)
cwm (mutation mutation-radical)
gwm (mutation mutation-soft)
nghwm (mutation mutation-nasal)
chwm (mutation mutation-aspirate)

→ English: cwm

From Middle Welsh cwm, from Proto-Brythonic *komm, from Proto-Celtic *kumbā.
See also Breton komm (“trough”), Irish com, coim (“chest cavity”), French combe, English coomb and Old English cumb (“hollow; narrow valley”), Dutch kom (“bowl, basin”), German Kumpf (“vessel”), Ancient Greek κύμβη (kúmbē, “hollow”),Sanskrit कुम्भ (kumbha, “a pot, jug”).


brat

cy-noun

brat f (plural bratiau or bratau, diminutive bretyn)

bratiau (plural)
bratau (plural)
bretyn (diminutive)
brat (mutation mutation-radical)
frat (mutation mutation-soft)
mrat (mutation mutation-nasal)

Middle English bratt (“cloak”) or from Middle Irish bratt.


silicon

Borrowed from English silicon, a modification of silicium, from Latin silex (“flint, silica”).


cardinal

cardinaliaid (plural)
cardinal (mutation mutation-radical)
gardinal (mutation mutation-soft)
nghardinal (mutation mutation-nasal)
chardinal (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From English cardinal, from Middle French cardinal (“cardinal”), from Latin cardinālis (“pertaining to a hinge, hence applied to that on which something turns or depends, important, principal, chief”), from Latin cardō (“hinge”).

der

(Roman Catholicism) cardinal (Roman Catholic official)


nitrogen

/ˈnɪtrɔˌɡɛn/

Borrowed from English nitrogen, from French nitrogène, from French nitre, from Latin nitrum (“niter, natron”), from Ancient Greek νίτρον (nítron), ultimately from Egyptian nṯrj (“natron”).


eng

engiau (plural)
èng (mutation mutation-radical)
hèng (mutation prothesis-h)

The name of the Latin-script letter Ng/ng.


wir

gwir (mutation mutation-radical)
wir (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwir (mutation mutation-nasal)


las

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


las

head

las f (plural lasau or lasiau or lasys, singulative lasen or lasyn)

lasau (plural)
lasiau (plural)
lasys (plural)
lasen (singulative)
lasyn (singulative)


trois

trois (mutation mutation-radical)
drois (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrois (mutation mutation-nasal)
throis (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ë

The letter E, marked for its syllabic pronunciation distinct from adjacent vowels.


bath

Probably from Proto-Celtic *batto-; according to the GPC, possibly related to Latin battuo (“I fight, pound, beat (up)”), though the semantics are far from certain.


bath

Alternative spelling of bàth (“bath, bath tub”)


bath

baths (plural)
bath (mutation mutation-radical)
fath (mutation mutation-soft)
math (mutation mutation-nasal)

Alternative spelling of bàth (“bath (unit of liquid volume)”)


dud

tud (mutation mutation-radical)
dud (mutation mutation-soft)
nhud (mutation mutation-nasal)
thud (mutation mutation-aspirate)


dois

dois (mutation mutation-radical)
ddois (mutation mutation-soft)
nois (mutation mutation-nasal)

first-person singular preterite colloquial of dod


biliwn

head

biliwn m or f (plural biliynau or biliwnau)


uno

cy-verb

uno (first-person singular present unaf)

unaf (first-person present singular)
unaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
uni (future indicative present second-person singular)
una (future indicative present singular third-person)
unwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
unwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
unant (future indicative plural present third-person)
unir (future impersonal indicative present)
unwn (conditional first-person singular)
unwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
unit (conditional second-person singular)
unit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
unai (conditional singular third-person)
unai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
unem (conditional first-person plural)
unem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
unech (conditional plural second-person)
unech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
unent (conditional plural third-person)
unent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
unid (conditional impersonal)
unid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
unais (first-person preterite singular)
unaist (preterite second-person singular)
unodd (preterite singular third-person)
unasom (first-person plural preterite)
unasoch (plural preterite second-person)
unasant (plural preterite third-person)
unwyd (impersonal preterite)
unaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
unasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
unasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
unasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
unasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
unasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
unasid (impersonal pluperfect)
unesid (impersonal pluperfect)
unwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
unych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
uno (present singular subjunctive third-person)
unom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
unoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
unont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
uner (impersonal present subjunctive)
una (imperative second-person singular)
uned (imperative singular third-person)
unwn (first-person imperative plural)
unwch (imperative plural second-person)
unent (imperative plural third-person)
uner (imperative impersonal)
uno (noun-from-verb)
unedig (participle)
unadwy (participle)
una i (first-person future singular)
unaf i (first-person future singular)
uni di (future second-person singular)
unith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
uniff e (future singular third-person)
unwn ni (first-person future plural)
unwch chi (future plural second-person)
unan nhw (future plural third-person)
unwn i (conditional first-person singular)
unswn i (conditional first-person singular)
unet ti (conditional second-person singular)
unset ti (conditional second-person singular)
unai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
unsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
unen ni (conditional first-person plural)
unsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
unech chi (conditional plural second-person)
unsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
unen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
unsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
unais i (first-person preterite singular)
unes i (first-person preterite singular)
unaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
unest ti (preterite second-person singular)
unodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
unon ni (first-person plural preterite)
unoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
unon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
una (imperative second-person singular)
unwch (imperative plural second-person)


uno

unaf (first-person present singular)
uno (mutation mutation-radical)
huno (mutation prothesis-h)

From an earlier *iuno, the root which is also found in eidduno (“to wish, desire”), as well as names like Old Welsh Iunabui and Old Breton Iucar, Iuntiern. The root is perhaps from the same origin as Etymology 1, with a semantic shift "to join (desires)" > "to wish".


tre

trefi (plural)
tre (mutation mutation-radical)
dre (mutation mutation-soft)
nhre (mutation mutation-nasal)
thre (mutation mutation-aspirate)


cop

copynnod (plural)
copynnau (plural)
cop (mutation mutation-radical)
gop (mutation mutation-soft)
nghop (mutation mutation-nasal)
chop (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle English coppe (spider), from Old English copp, from Proto-West Germanic *kopp (“round object, orb”).


CD

Initialism of crynoddisg (“compact disc”), but simultaneously a borrowing from English CD.


duo

cy-verb

duo (first-person singular present duaf)

duaf (first-person present singular)
duaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
dui (future indicative present second-person singular)
dua (future indicative present singular third-person)
duwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
duwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
duant (future indicative plural present third-person)
duir (future impersonal indicative present)
duwn (conditional first-person singular)
duwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
duit (conditional second-person singular)
duit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
duai (conditional singular third-person)
duai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
duem (conditional first-person plural)
duem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
duech (conditional plural second-person)
duech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
duent (conditional plural third-person)
duent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
duid (conditional impersonal)
duid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
duais (first-person preterite singular)
duaist (preterite second-person singular)
duodd (preterite singular third-person)
duasom (first-person plural preterite)
duasoch (plural preterite second-person)
duasant (plural preterite third-person)
duwyd (impersonal preterite)
duaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
duasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
duasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
duasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
duasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
duasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
duasid (impersonal pluperfect)
duesid (impersonal pluperfect)
duwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
duych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
duo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
duom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
duoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
duont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
duer (impersonal present subjunctive)
dua (imperative second-person singular)
dued (imperative singular third-person)
duwn (first-person imperative plural)
duwch (imperative plural second-person)
duent (imperative plural third-person)
duer (imperative impersonal)
duo (noun-from-verb)
duedig (participle)
duadwy (participle)
dua i (first-person future singular)
duaf i (first-person future singular)
dui di (future second-person singular)
duith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
duiff e (future singular third-person)
duwn ni (first-person future plural)
duwch chi (future plural second-person)
duan nhw (future plural third-person)
duwn i (conditional first-person singular)
duswn i (conditional first-person singular)
duet ti (conditional second-person singular)
duset ti (conditional second-person singular)
duai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
dusai fo (conditional singular third-person)
duen ni (conditional first-person plural)
dusen ni (conditional first-person plural)
duech chi (conditional plural second-person)
dusech chi (conditional plural second-person)
duen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
dusen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
duais i (first-person preterite singular)
dues i (first-person preterite singular)
duaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
duest ti (preterite second-person singular)
duodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
duon ni (first-person plural preterite)
duoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
duon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
dua (imperative second-person singular)
duwch (imperative plural second-person)
duo (mutation mutation-radical)
dduo (mutation mutation-soft)
nuo (mutation mutation-nasal)

to become black, to blacken (also figuratively)

(transitive) to make black, to blacken (also figuratively)


moth

both (mutation mutation-radical)
foth (mutation mutation-soft)
moth (mutation mutation-nasal)


cor

corrod (plural)
cor (mutation mutation-radical)
gor (mutation mutation-soft)
nghor (mutation mutation-nasal)
chor (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Inherited from Proto-Brythonic *korr (compare Old Cornish cor, Middle Breton corr).


call

cy-adj

call (feminine singular call, plural call, equative called, comparative callach, superlative callaf)

call (feminine singular)
call (plural)
called (equative)
callach (comparative)
callaf (superlative)
call (mutation mutation-radical)
gall (mutation mutation-soft)
nghall (mutation mutation-nasal)
chall (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Possible borrowing from Latin callidus (“wise, clever; cunning”) (and if so, doublet of caled (“hard”)).


Madrid

Madrid (mutation mutation-radical)
Fadrid (mutation mutation-soft)


talo

talo (mutation mutation-radical)
dalo (mutation mutation-soft)
nhalo (mutation mutation-nasal)
thalo (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(literary) third-person singular subjunctive of talu


mer

ber (mutation mutation-radical)
fer (mutation mutation-soft)
mer (mutation mutation-nasal)


mela

cy-verb

mela (first-person singular present melaf)

melaf (first-person present singular)
melaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
meli (future indicative present second-person singular)
mela (future indicative present singular third-person)
melwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
melwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
melant (future indicative plural present third-person)
melir (future impersonal indicative present)
melwn (conditional first-person singular)
melwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
melit (conditional second-person singular)
melit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
melai (conditional singular third-person)
melai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
melem (conditional first-person plural)
melem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
melech (conditional plural second-person)
melech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
melent (conditional plural third-person)
melent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
melid (conditional impersonal)
melid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
melais (first-person preterite singular)
melaist (preterite second-person singular)
melodd (preterite singular third-person)
melasom (first-person plural preterite)
melasoch (plural preterite second-person)
melasant (plural preterite third-person)
melwyd (impersonal preterite)
melaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
melasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
melasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
melasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
melasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
melasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
melasid (impersonal pluperfect)
melesid (impersonal pluperfect)
melwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
melych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
melo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
melom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
meloch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
melont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
meler (impersonal present subjunctive)
mela (imperative second-person singular)
meled (imperative singular third-person)
melwn (first-person imperative plural)
melwch (imperative plural second-person)
melent (imperative plural third-person)
meler (imperative impersonal)
mela (noun-from-verb)
meledig (participle)
meladwy (participle)
mela i (first-person future singular)
melaf i (first-person future singular)
meli di (future second-person singular)
melith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
meliff e (future singular third-person)
melwn ni (first-person future plural)
melwch chi (future plural second-person)
melan nhw (future plural third-person)
melwn i (conditional first-person singular)
melswn i (conditional first-person singular)
melet ti (conditional second-person singular)
melset ti (conditional second-person singular)
melai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
melsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
melen ni (conditional first-person plural)
melsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
melech chi (conditional plural second-person)
melsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
melen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
melsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
melais i (first-person preterite singular)
meles i (first-person preterite singular)
melaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
melest ti (preterite second-person singular)
melodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
melon ni (first-person plural preterite)
meloch chi (plural preterite second-person)
melon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
mela (imperative second-person singular)
melwch (imperative plural second-person)
mela (mutation mutation-radical)
fela (mutation mutation-soft)

From mêl (“honey”) + -a. Cognate with Cornish mela.


cobalt

cobalt (mutation mutation-radical)
gobalt (mutation mutation-soft)
nghobalt (mutation mutation-nasal)
chobalt (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from English cobalt, from German Kobold (“goblin”).


dawn

From Proto-Brythonic *don, from Proto-Celtic *dānus (whence also Irish dán), from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃nom (“gift”). Compare Latin dōnum.


dawn

dawn (mutation mutation-radical)
ddawn (mutation mutation-soft)
nawn (mutation mutation-nasal)

first-person plural future colloquial of dod


boron

boron (mutation mutation-radical)
foron (mutation mutation-soft)
moron (mutation mutation-nasal)

Borrowed from English boron, from borax, from Anglo-Norman boreis, from Medieval Latin baurach (“borax”), from Arabic بَوْرَق (bawraq), from Middle Persian bwlk' (bōrag).


carbon

carbonau (plural)
carbon (mutation mutation-radical)
garbon (mutation mutation-soft)
ngharbon (mutation mutation-nasal)
charbon (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from English carbon, from French carbone from Latin carbō, carbōnem (“charcoal, coal”), from Proto-Indo-European *kerh₃- (“to burn”).

der

dal a storio carbon

carbon capture and storage, carbon sequestration


argon

argon (mutation mutation-radical)
hargon (mutation prothesis-h)

Borrowed from English argon, from Ancient Greek ἀργόν (argón), neuter of ἀργός (argós, “idle, lazy”).


Paris

Paris (mutation mutation-radical)
Baris (mutation mutation-soft)
Mharis (mutation mutation-nasal)
Pharis (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ta

Ultimately from bynnag (“-ever”). Initially, bynnag began preceding rather than following the word it qualfied, for example, beth bynnag (“whatever”) became bynnag beth. The initial g of bynnag was velarised to produce gynnag beth, whereupon the word was reanalysed as the phrase gan nag, a southern colloquial form of gan nad, literally "since (that) not". The apparent inconsistency of negative nag being a part of a phrase with no negative connotations led its replacement with corresponding affirmative taw (“that”), so gan nag beth became gan taw beth. The initial gan was subsequently dropped and the pronunciation of taw /tau̯/ reduced to ta /ta/, as is customary, leading to such forms as ta beth (“whatever”) today.

(South Wales, informal) -ever precedes interrogative pronouns to form indefinite pronouns


ta

Clipping of petai (“if it were”), itself a combination of pe (“if”) + tai (“third-person singular counterfactual impferfect subjunctive of bod (“to be”)”).

ngd

third-person singular counterfactual impferfect subjunctive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="cy">bod</i> (“to be”)


Rh

rh (lowercase)
rhedeg (mutation mutation-radical)
redeg (mutation mutation-soft)

The twenty-third letter of the Welsh alphabet, called rhi and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by R and followed by S.


fe

head

fe (triggers soft mutation on the following verb)

Fe werthes i hanner dwsin.

(South Wales) used with inflected verbs to mark affirmative statements.


dal

cy-verb

dal (first-person singular present daliaf)

daliaf (first-person present singular)
daliaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
deli (future indicative present second-person singular)
deil (future indicative present singular third-person)
daliwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
deliwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
daliwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
daliant (future indicative plural present third-person)
delir (future impersonal indicative present)
daliwn (conditional first-person singular)
daliwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
delit (conditional second-person singular)
delit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
daliai (conditional singular third-person)
daliai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
daliem (conditional first-person plural)
daliem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
daliech (conditional plural second-person)
daliech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dalient (conditional plural third-person)
dalient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
delid (conditional impersonal)
delid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
deliais (first-person preterite singular)
deliaist (preterite second-person singular)
daliodd (preterite singular third-person)
daliasom (first-person plural preterite)
daliasoch (plural preterite second-person)
daliasant (plural preterite third-person)
daliwyd (impersonal preterite)
daliaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
daliasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
daliasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
daliasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
daliasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
daliasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
daliasid (impersonal pluperfect)
daliesid (impersonal pluperfect)
daliwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
deliech (present second-person singular subjunctive)
dalio (present singular subjunctive third-person)
daliom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
dalioch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
daliont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
dalier (impersonal present subjunctive)
dal (imperative second-person singular)
dalia (imperative second-person singular)
dalied (imperative singular third-person)
daliwn (first-person imperative plural)
deliwch (imperative plural second-person)
daliwch (imperative plural second-person)
dalient (imperative plural third-person)
dalier (imperative impersonal)
dal (noun-from-verb)
daliedig (participle)
daliadwy (participle)
dalia i (first-person future singular)
daliaf i (first-person future singular)
dali di (future second-person singular)
dalith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
daliff e (future singular third-person)
daliwn ni (first-person future plural)
daliwch chi (future plural second-person)
dalian nhw (future plural third-person)
daliwn i (conditional first-person singular)
dalswn i (conditional first-person singular)
daliet ti (conditional second-person singular)
dalset ti (conditional second-person singular)
daliai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
dalsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
dalien ni (conditional first-person plural)
dalsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
daliech chi (conditional plural second-person)
dalsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
dalien nhw (conditional plural third-person)
dalsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
daliais i (first-person preterite singular)
dalies i (first-person preterite singular)
daliaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
daliest ti (preterite second-person singular)
daliodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
dalion ni (first-person plural preterite)
dalioch chi (plural preterite second-person)
dalion nhw (plural preterite third-person)
dalia (imperative second-person singular)
daliwch (imperative plural second-person)
dala i (first-person future singular)
dalaf i (first-person future singular)
dali di (future second-person singular)
dalith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
daliff e (future singular third-person)
dalwn ni (first-person future plural)
dalwch chi (future plural second-person)
dalan nhw (future plural third-person)
dalwn i (conditional first-person singular)
dalswn i (conditional first-person singular)
dalet ti (conditional second-person singular)
dalset ti (conditional second-person singular)
dalai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
dalsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
dalen ni (conditional first-person plural)
dalsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
dalech chi (conditional plural second-person)
dalsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
dalen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
dalsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
dalais i (first-person preterite singular)
dales i (first-person preterite singular)
dalaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
dalest ti (preterite second-person singular)
dalodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
dalon ni (first-person plural preterite)
daloch chi (plural preterite second-person)
dalon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
dala (imperative second-person singular)
dalwch (imperative plural second-person)
dal (mutation mutation-radical)
ddal (mutation mutation-soft)
nal (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *dalɣ-, from Proto-Celtic *dalsketi and *delgeti, from Proto-Indo-European *delgʰ- (“to become fixed”). Cognate with Latin indulgeo.


dal

tal (mutation mutation-radical)
dal (mutation mutation-soft)
nhal (mutation mutation-nasal)
thal (mutation mutation-aspirate)


em

emiau (plural)
em (mutation mutation-radical)
hem (mutation prothesis-h)

The name of the Latin-script letter M/m.


fag

bag (mutation mutation-radical)
fag (mutation mutation-soft)
mag (mutation mutation-nasal)


fag

mag (mutation mutation-radical)
fag (mutation mutation-soft)


almanac

almanaciau (plural)
almanac (mutation mutation-radical)
halmanac (mutation prothesis-h)


neon

From English neon, from Ancient Greek νέον (néon), neuter of νέος (néos, “new”), from earlier *νέϝος (*néwos), from Proto-Hellenic *newos, from Proto-Indo-European *néwos.


ni

From Proto-Brythonic *ni, from Proto-Celtic *snīs.


ni

From Proto-Celtic *nīs, from Proto-Indo-European *ne h₁ésti (“is not”).

Dywedodd Abimelech, “Ni wn i ddim pwy a wnaeth hyn; ni ddywedaist wrthyf, ac ni chlywais i sôn am y peth cyn heddiw.”

2004, Beibl Cymraeg Newydd Diwygiedig, Cymdeithas y Beibl, Genesis 21:26:

Abimelech said, “I do not know who has done this; you did not tell me, and I did not hear anything about it until today.”


coala

coalas (plural)
coala (mutation mutation-radical)
goala (mutation mutation-soft)
nghoala (mutation mutation-nasal)
choala (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Th

The twenty-sixth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èth and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by T and followed by U.


dy

head

dy (triggers soft mutation of a following consonant)

From Proto-Celtic *towe (“your”); compare Cornish dha, Breton da, Irish do. See ti (“you”).

Beth sy yn dy dŷ di?


dy

Beth sy'n dy gnoi di?

you (familiar singular; as the direct object of a verbal noun)


un

From Middle Welsh un, from Proto-Brythonic *ʉn, from Proto-Celtic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.


un

unau (plural)
un (mutation mutation-radical)
hun (mutation prothesis-h)

Sut un ydy dy chwaer?

(literally, “What kind of one is your sister?”)

Mae'r afalau 'ma'n costio trideg ceiniog yr un, neu ddwy bunt y cilo.

These apples cost thirty pence each [per unit], or two pounds a kilo.


rho

rho (mutation mutation-radical)
ro (mutation mutation-soft)

(literary) third-person singular subjunctive of rhoi

second-person singular imperative of rhoi


ac

From Old Welsh (h)ac, from Proto-Brythonic *atkʷe, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ét-kʷe (compare Breton hag and Cornish hag); identical to Latin atque. Doublet of Welsh ag.


bach

cy-adj

bach (feminine singular bach, plural bach, equative lleied, comparative llai, superlative lleiaf)

bach (feminine singular)
bach (plural)
lleied (equative)
llai (comparative)
lleiaf (superlative)

From Middle Welsh bych, from Proto-Brythonic *bɨx, from Proto-Celtic *biggos.

Na, rwy'n mynd ar y trên bach.


bach

bachau (plural)
bach (mutation mutation-radical)
fach (mutation mutation-soft)
mach (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh and Old Welsh bach, from Proto-Celtic *bakkos, from Proto-Indo-European *bak-.


lu

llu (mutation mutation-radical)
lu (mutation mutation-soft)


ce

The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.


eu

head

eu (triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)

of a following vowel (triggers-h-prothesis)

Cwynent am eu blinder a’u hafiechyd.

They complained of their weariness and their illness.


eu

Rhaid sganio’r ffeiliau cyn eu hagor a’u harchwilio.

You have to scan the files before opening them and exploring them.

them (as the direct object of a verbal noun)


tri

tair (feminine)
tri (mutation mutation-radical)
dri (mutation mutation-soft)
nhri (mutation mutation-nasal)
thri (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Brythonic *tri, from Proto-Celtic *trīs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


archangel

archangylion (plural)
archangel (mutation mutation-radical)
harchangel (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh archangel, from Proto-Brythonic *arxangel, a borrowing from Latin archangelus, from Ancient Greek ἀρχάγγελος (arkhángelos). Equivalent to arch- + angel (“angel”). Cognate with Breton arc'hael.


jip

tsip (mutation mutation-radical)
jip (irregular mutation mutation-soft)


gut

cut (mutation mutation-radical)
gut (mutation mutation-soft)
nghut (mutation mutation-nasal)
chut (mutation mutation-aspirate)


minion

minion (mutation mutation-radical)
finion (mutation mutation-soft)


ca

ca (mutation mutation-radical)
ga (mutation mutation-soft)
ngha (mutation mutation-nasal)
cha (mutation mutation-aspirate)

inflection of cael:
first-person singular future colloquial

second-person singular imperative literary


am

amdanaf (first-person singular)
amdanom (first-person plural)
amdanat (second-person singular)
amdanoch (plural second-person)
amdano m (singular third-person)
amdani f (singular third-person)
amdanynt (plural third-person)
amdano i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
amdana i (first-person singular)
amdanon ni (first-person plural)
amdanot ti (second-person singular)
amdanat ti (second-person singular)
amdanoch chi (plural second-person)
amdano fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
amdani hi f (singular third-person)
amdanyn nhw (plural third-person)

From Middle Welsh am, from Old Welsh im, from Proto-Celtic *ambi (compare Old Irish imb), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi.
Cognate with Latin ambi-, Sanskrit अभि (abhí, “towards, over, upon”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹 (a-b-i-y /abiy/, “towards, against, upon”), Old High German umbi, Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “about, around”) and the first part of Old Armenian ամբ-ողջ (amb-ołǰ, “whole”).

cog

(with certain verbs) for, in exchange for

Am lanastr!

Am annheg!

(in exclamations) what a (+noun), how (+adjective)


am

Fydd e ddim yma heddiw am ei fod e’n sâl.

because (followed by fod or a “that”-clause)


pe

From earlier bei (now bai), third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of bod.
The alternative form ped (whence counterfactual forms of bod such as petaswn and taswn) is perhaps from addition of the affirmative particle yd (compare nad and nid).

Pe bawn i'n gyfoethog, teithiwn i o gwmpas y byd.

If I were rich, I would travel around the world.

if (used with counterfactual conditionals, i.e., those that are impossible or considered very unlikely)


gras

grasau (plural)
grasusau (plural)
gras (mutation mutation-radical)
ras (mutation mutation-soft)
ngras (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle English grace, from Old French grace, from Latin grātia.


staff

staff (employees of a business; commanding officers)


ne

de (mutation mutation-radical)
dde (mutation mutation-soft)
ne (mutation mutation-nasal)


closed

closedau (plural)
closed (mutation mutation-radical)
glosed (mutation mutation-soft)
nghlosed (mutation mutation-nasal)
chlosed (mutation mutation-aspirate)


problem

problemau (plural)
problem (mutation mutation-radical)
broblem (mutation mutation-soft)
mhroblem (mutation mutation-nasal)
phroblem (mutation mutation-aspirate)

English problem, ultimately from Ancient Greek πρόβλημα (próblēma).


mast

cy-noun

mast m (plural mastiau or mestys or mestydd)

mastiau (plural)
mestys (plural)
mestydd (plural)


à

The letter A, marked for its short pronunciation in monosyllabic words.


algebra

algebra (mutation mutation-radical)
halgebra (mutation prothesis-h)


Christ

Crist (mutation mutation-radical)
Grist (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghrist (mutation mutation-nasal)
Christ (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ei

From Middle Welsh y, from Proto-Brythonic *eið, from Proto-Celtic *esyo m and *esyās f; compare Old Irish a (“his, her, its, their”) and Sanskrit अस्य (asyá, “his, its”) and अस्यास् (asyā́s, “her”).

Gwelir y thema dro ar ôl tro yn ei gerddi a’i emynau.

The theme is seen repeatedly in his poems and his hymns.

his, its (with reference to a masculine noun; triggers soft mutation of following consonant)

Gwelir y thema dro ar ôl tro yn ei cherddi a’i hemynau.

The theme is seen repeatedly in her poems and her hymns.

her, its (with reference to a feminine noun; triggers aspirate mutation of following consonant and h-prothesis of a following vowel)


ei

Myfi’n bugeilio’r gwenith gwyn,

18th century, Wil Hopcyn, “Bugeilio’r gwenith gwyn”

Me watching the white wheat,
And another reaping it.

him, it (with reference to masculine nouns; as object of a verbal noun; triggers soft mutation of following consonant)

Ar ben y bryn mae sgwarnog fach, ar hyd y nos mae'n pori

On top of the hill there's a little hare, all night long she grazes
With her speckled back and her white white belly without taking any heed of any greyhound.

A’i chefen brith a’i bola bola gwyn yn hidio dim am filgi.

her, it (with reference to masculine nouns; as object of a verbal noun; triggers aspirate mutation of following consonant and h-prothesis of a following vowel)


ei

second-person singular future of mynd (also present tense in the literary language)


es

first-person singular preterite colloquial of mynd


tu

From Proto-Brythonic *tʉβ, from Proto-Celtic *toibos, whence also Old Irish tóeb and Irish taobh. Cognate with Breton tu, Cornish tu.


tu

tu (mutation mutation-radical)
du (mutation mutation-soft)
nhu (mutation mutation-nasal)
thu (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ar

head

ar (triggers soft mutation or h-prothesis if before ugain)

arnaf (first-person singular)
arnom (first-person plural)
arnat (second-person singular)
arnoch (plural second-person)
arno m (singular third-person)
arni f (singular third-person)
arnynt (plural third-person)
arno i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
arna i (first-person singular)
arnon ni (first-person plural)
arnot ti (second-person singular)
arnat ti (second-person singular)
arnoch chi (plural second-person)
arno fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
arni hi f (singular third-person)
arnyn nhw (plural third-person)

From Middle Welsh ar, from Proto-Brythonic *ar, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.

King, Gareth (1993) Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, page 131


pyramid

From English pyramid, from French pyramide, from Old French piramide, from Latin pȳramis, pȳramidis, from Ancient Greek πῡραμίς (pūramís).


Tirana

Tirana (mutation mutation-radical)
Dirana (mutation mutation-soft)
Nhirana (mutation mutation-nasal)
Thirana (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Tirana (a municipality, the capital and largest city of Albania, located in the center of the country west of the mountain of Dajti on the plain of Tirana; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality)


ti

ti (mutation mutation-radical)
di (mutation mutation-soft)
thi (irregular mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Brythonic *ti, from Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


ti

tiau (plural)
ti (mutation mutation-radical)
di (mutation mutation-soft)
nhi (mutation mutation-nasal)
thi (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ti

The name of the Latin-script letter T/t.


pair

From Middle Welsh peir, from Proto-Brythonic *pėr, from Proto-Celtic *kʷaryos. Cognate with Irish coire.


pair

pair (mutation mutation-radical)
bair (mutation mutation-soft)
mhair (mutation mutation-nasal)
phair (mutation mutation-aspirate)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

(literary) third-person singular present indicative/future of peri


Wellington

/ˈwɛlɪŋˌtən/


pop

cy-adj

pop (feminine singular pop, plural pop, not comparable)


pop

pop (mutation mutation-radical)
bop (mutation mutation-soft)
mhop (mutation mutation-nasal)
phop (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ford

bord (mutation mutation-radical)
ford (mutation mutation-soft)
mord (mutation mutation-nasal)


sail

From Middle Welsh seil, from Proto-Brythonic *söl, from Latin solea (“sole”).


ola

Alternative form of olaf (“last, final”)


Berlin

Berlin (mutation mutation-radical)
Ferlin (mutation mutation-soft)
Merlin (mutation mutation-nasal)


banjos

banjos (mutation mutation-radical)
fanjos (mutation mutation-soft)
manjos (mutation mutation-nasal)


union

union (feminine singular union, plural union, equative unioned, comparative unionach, superlative unionaf)

union (feminine singular)
union (plural)
unioned (equative)
unionach (comparative)
unionaf (superlative)
union (mutation mutation-radical)
hunion (mutation prothesis-h)

From un (“one”) + iawn (“right, correct”)


bont

pont (mutation mutation-radical)
bont (mutation mutation-soft)
mhont (mutation mutation-nasal)
phont (mutation mutation-aspirate)


pa

From Proto-Celtic *kʷid, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid (compare *kʷis); compare Latin quid, Old Irish cid, Modern Irish cad, Cornish py, pe.


berth

berth (feminine singular berth, plural berthion, equative berthed, comparative berthach, superlative berthaf)

berth (feminine singular)
berthion (plural)
berthed (equative)
berthach (comparative)
berthaf (superlative)
berth (mutation mutation-radical)
ferth (mutation mutation-soft)
merth (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh berth, from Proto-Brythonic *berθ, from Proto-Celtic *berxtos.


berth

perth (mutation mutation-radical)
berth (mutation mutation-soft)
mherth (mutation mutation-nasal)
pherth (mutation mutation-aspirate)


nail

dail (mutation mutation-radical)
ddail (mutation mutation-soft)
nail (mutation mutation-nasal)


grid

gridiau (plural)
grid (mutation mutation-radical)
rid (mutation mutation-soft)
ngrid (mutation mutation-nasal)


tau

tau (mutation mutation-radical)
dau (mutation mutation-soft)
nhau (mutation mutation-nasal)
thau (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(literary) third-person singular present indicative/future of tewi


banjo

banjos (plural)
banjoau (plural)
banjo (mutation mutation-radical)
fanjo (mutation mutation-soft)
manjo (mutation mutation-nasal)


ach

From Proto-Celtic *akkā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekkeh₂ (compare Latin Acca (Larentia), a Roman goddess, Ancient Greek Ἀκκώ (Akkṓ, “nurse of Demeter”), Sanskrit अक्का (akkā, “mother”)).


ach

ach (mutation mutation-radical)
hach (mutation prothesis-h)


AS

(politics) Initialism of Aelod Seneddol (“Member of (the UK) Parliament”).

(politics) Initialism of Aelod o'r Senedd (“Member of the (Welsh) Senedd”).


chi

From Middle Welsh chwi, from Proto-Celtic *swīs (compare Breton c’hwi, Cornish hwi, Old Irish síi), from Proto-Indo-European *wos.


chi

ci (mutation mutation-radical)
gi (mutation mutation-soft)
nghi (mutation mutation-nasal)
chi (mutation mutation-aspirate)


well

gwell (mutation mutation-radical)
well (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwell (mutation mutation-nasal)


signal

cy-noun

signal m (plural signalau or signals, not mutable)


torrid

torrid (mutation mutation-radical)
dorrid (mutation mutation-soft)
nhorrid (mutation mutation-nasal)
thorrid (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(literary) imperfect/conditional impersonal of torri


cobra

cobraod (plural)
cobra (mutation mutation-radical)
gobra (mutation mutation-soft)
nghobra (mutation mutation-nasal)
chobra (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from English cobra, from Portuguese cobra, from Latin colubra.


dis

disiau (plural)
disau (plural)
dis (mutation mutation-radical)
ddis (mutation mutation-soft)
nis (mutation mutation-nasal)

die (polyhedron used in games of chance)


frown

brown (mutation mutation-radical)
frown (mutation mutation-soft)
mrown (mutation mutation-nasal)


onion

onionyn (singulative)
onion (mutation mutation-radical)
honion (mutation prothesis-h)


caer

caer f (plural caerau or caeroedd or ceyrydd)

caerau (plural)
caeroedd (plural)
ceyrydd (plural)

From Middle Welsh caer, from Old Welsh cair, from Proto-Brythonic *kaɨr (“fort, fortified town”).
See also Cornish ker (“fort”), Breton kêr (“town, city”). Related to cae (“field”).

inh

fort, fortress, enclosed stronghold, castle, fortress, citadel, fortified town or city


caer

caer (mutation mutation-radical)
gaer (mutation mutation-soft)
nghaer (mutation mutation-nasal)
chaer (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(literary) impersonal imperative of cael


drama

dramâu (plural)
drama (mutation mutation-radical)
ddrama (mutation mutation-soft)
nrama (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Late Latin drāma, from Ancient Greek δρᾶμα (drâma, “an act, a theatrical act, a play”), from δράω (dráō, “to act, to take action, to achieve”).


melon

melonau (plural)
melons (plural)
melon (mutation mutation-radical)
felon (mutation mutation-soft)


offer

cy-noun

offer f (plural offerau or offeriau or offrau)

offerau (plural)
offeriau (plural)
offrau (plural)
offer (mutation mutation-radical)
hoffer (mutation prothesis-h)


est

second-person singular preterite colloquial of mynd


je

The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.


cant

From Middle Welsh and Old Welsh cant, from Proto-Brythonic *kant, from Proto-Celtic *kantom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.


cant

cantau (plural)
cant (mutation mutation-radical)
gant (mutation mutation-soft)
nghant (mutation mutation-nasal)
chant (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Middle Welsh, from Proto-Celtic *kantos (“corner, rim”). Related to Breton kant (“circle”), Old Irish cétad (“round seat”).


gast

geist (plural)
gast (mutation mutation-radical)
ast (mutation mutation-soft)
ngast (mutation mutation-nasal)

Cognate with Cornish gest, Breton gast, and Middle Irish gast (a loanword from Brythonic).


cot

cotiau (plural)
cot (mutation mutation-radical)
got (mutation mutation-soft)
nghot (mutation mutation-nasal)
chot (mutation mutation-aspirate)


mater

materion (plural)
mater (mutation mutation-radical)
fater (mutation mutation-soft)


synthesis

synthesis m (plural synthesisau, not mutable)

/ˈsɨ̞nθɛsɪs/

Borrowed from English synthesis, from Latin synthesis, from Ancient Greek σύνθεσις (súnthesis, “a putting together; composition”).


fo

Reduction of efô, emphatic form of ef (“he (literary)”).


fo

bo (mutation mutation-radical)
fo (mutation mutation-soft)
mo (mutation mutation-nasal)


ager

agerau (plural)
ager (mutation mutation-radical)
hager (mutation prothesis-h)


fan

man (mutation mutation-radical)
fan (mutation mutation-soft)


torso

torsoau (plural)
torso (mutation mutation-radical)
dorso (mutation mutation-soft)
nhorso (mutation mutation-nasal)
thorso (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ser

cy-noun

ser m (plural serrod or serroedd, not mutable)

From Old Welsh serr, Proto-Celtic *serrā. Cf. Middle Irish serr.


aber

aberoedd (plural)
ebyr (plural)
aber (mutation mutation-radical)
haber (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *aber, from Proto-Celtic *adberos.

confluence, joining of two or more rivers


wen

gwen (mutation mutation-radical)
wen (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwen (mutation mutation-nasal)

Soft mutation of gwen (“white (feminine)”).


neu

From Proto-Celtic *nowe (compare Old Breton nou and Irish nó); see the Proto-Celtic etymology for more.


fawn

bawn (mutation mutation-radical)
fawn (mutation mutation-soft)
mawn (mutation mutation-nasal)


main

cy-adj

main (feminine singular main, plural meinion, equative meined, comparative meinach, superlative meinaf)

main (feminine singular)
meinion (plural)
meined (equative)
meinach (comparative)
meinaf (superlative)
main (mutation mutation-radical)
fain (mutation mutation-soft)

Perhaps ultimately from the root of mwyn (“mild, tender”). Cognate with Breton moan, Cornish moon.


wag

gwag (mutation mutation-radical)
wag (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwag (mutation mutation-nasal)


does

Does dim llaeth yn y tŷ.

third-person singular existential negative colloquial of bod


raw

rhaw (mutation mutation-radical)
raw (mutation mutation-soft)


gar

car (mutation mutation-radical)
gar (mutation mutation-soft)
nghar (mutation mutation-nasal)
char (mutation mutation-aspirate)


From Proto-Celtic *nekʷe, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ne (negative particle) + *-kʷe (“and”). Cognate with Old Irish nach and Latin neque.


(literary) don’t (with verbs in the imperative mood)


Mae e’n dweud na fydd e’n mynd.

that … not (introduces a negative noun clause)

nad

used before a vowel, or where an element is fronted for emphasis


Variant of no(g), probably from rebracketing of the comparative “*-achn o” as “-ach no”.


gna (mutation mutation-radical)
ngna (mutation mutation-nasal)

first-person singular future colloquial of gwneud


da (mutation mutation-radical)
dda (mutation mutation-soft)


moment

momentau (plural)
moment (mutation mutation-radical)
foment (mutation mutation-soft)


more

bore (mutation mutation-radical)
fore (mutation mutation-soft)
more (mutation mutation-nasal)


rad

rhad (mutation mutation-radical)
rad (mutation mutation-soft)


ton

From Middle Welsh tonn, from Proto-Brythonic *tonn, from Proto-Celtic *tundā.


ton

tonnau (plural)
ton (mutation mutation-radical)
don (mutation mutation-soft)
nhon (mutation mutation-nasal)
thon (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Middle Welsh tonn, from Proto-Celtic *tondā (“surface”), from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *tend- ~ *temh₁- (“to cut”).


trio

cy-verb

trio (first-person singular present triaf)

triaf (first-person present singular)
triaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
tri (future indicative present second-person singular)
tria (future indicative present singular third-person)
triwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
triwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
triant (future indicative plural present third-person)
trir (future impersonal indicative present)
triwn (conditional first-person singular)
triwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
trit (conditional second-person singular)
trit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
triai (conditional singular third-person)
triai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
triem (conditional first-person plural)
triem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
triech (conditional plural second-person)
triech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
trient (conditional plural third-person)
trient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
trid (conditional impersonal)
trid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
triais (first-person preterite singular)
triaist (preterite second-person singular)
triodd (preterite singular third-person)
triasom (first-person plural preterite)
triasoch (plural preterite second-person)
triasant (plural preterite third-person)
triwyd (impersonal preterite)
triaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
triasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
triasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
triasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
triasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
triasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
triasid (impersonal pluperfect)
triesid (impersonal pluperfect)
triwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
triech (present second-person singular subjunctive)
trio (present singular subjunctive third-person)
triom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
trioch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
triont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
trier (impersonal present subjunctive)
tria (imperative second-person singular)
tried (imperative singular third-person)
triwn (first-person imperative plural)
triwch (imperative plural second-person)
trient (imperative plural third-person)
trier (imperative impersonal)
trio (noun-from-verb)
triedig (participle)
triadwy (participle)
tria i (first-person future singular)
triaf i (first-person future singular)
trii di (future second-person singular)
triith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
triiff o (future singular third-person)
trïwn ni (first-person future plural)
trïwch chi (future plural second-person)
trian nhw (future plural third-person)
trïwn i (conditional first-person singular)
triswn i (conditional first-person singular)
triet ti (conditional second-person singular)
triset ti (conditional second-person singular)
triai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
trisai fo (conditional singular third-person)
trien ni (conditional first-person plural)
trisen ni (conditional first-person plural)
triech chi (conditional plural second-person)
trisech chi (conditional plural second-person)
trien nhw (conditional plural third-person)
trisen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
triais i (first-person preterite singular)
tries i (first-person preterite singular)
triaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
triest ti (preterite second-person singular)
triodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
trion ni (first-person plural preterite)
trioch chi (plural preterite second-person)
trion nhw (plural preterite third-person)
tria (imperative second-person singular)
triwch (imperative plural second-person)
trio (mutation mutation-radical)
drio (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrio (mutation mutation-nasal)
thrio (mutation mutation-aspirate)