munud

munudau (plural)
munud (mutation mutation-radical)
funud (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh munud, from Medieval Latin minūta (“60th of an hour; note”), possibly from Old French minute or Middle English mynute. Cognate with Breton munud.


dydd Llun

dydd Llun (mutation mutation-radical)
ddydd Llun (mutation mutation-soft)
nydd Llun (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˌdɨːð ˈɬɨːn/

/ˌdiːð ˈɬiːn/

dydd (“day”) + Llun, partial calque of Latin diēs Lūnae. Compare Breton dilun, Cornish de Lun.


cenhinen

cenhinen (mutation mutation-radical)
genhinen (mutation mutation-soft)
nghenhinen (mutation mutation-nasal)
chenhinen (mutation mutation-aspirate)

singulative of cennin (“leeks; daffodils”)


cloddfa

cy-noun

cloddfa f (plural cloddfeydd or cloddfâu or cloddfaoedd)

cloddfeydd (plural)
cloddfâu (plural)
cloddfaoedd (plural)
cloddfa (mutation mutation-radical)
gloddfa (mutation mutation-soft)
nghloddfa (mutation mutation-nasal)
chloddfa (mutation mutation-aspirate)


dydd Sadwrn

dydd Sadwrn (mutation mutation-radical)
ddydd Sadwrn (mutation mutation-soft)
nydd Sadwrn (mutation mutation-nasal)

dydd (“day”) + Sadwrn (“Saturn”), a calque of Latin diēs Sāturnī.


geneth

genethod (plural)
geneth (mutation mutation-radical)
eneth (mutation mutation-soft)
ngeneth (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *genettā (“daughter”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-.


cenhinen Bedr

cenhinen Bedr (mutation mutation-radical)
genhinen Bedr (mutation mutation-soft)
nghenhinen Bedr (mutation mutation-nasal)
chenhinen Bedr (mutation mutation-aspirate)

singulative of cennin Pedr (“daffodils”)


dydd Mercher

dydd Mercher (mutation mutation-radical)
ddydd Mercher (mutation mutation-soft)
nydd Mercher (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˌdɨːð ˈmɛrχɛr/

/dɨ̞ðˈmɛrχɛr/

/dɨ̞ˈmɛrχɛr/

/ˌdɨːð ˈmɛrχar/

/ˌdiːð ˈmɛrχɛr/

/dɪðˈmɛrχɛr/

From dydd (“day”) + Mercher (“Mercury”), a calque of Latin diēs Mercuriī.


dydd Iau

dydd Iau (mutation mutation-radical)
ddydd Iau (mutation mutation-soft)
nydd Iau (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˌdɨːð ˈjaɨ̯/

/ˌdiːð ˈjɔi̯/

dydd (“day”) + Iau (“Jupiter”), a calque of Latin diēs Iovis.


dydd Sul

dydd Sul (mutation mutation-radical)
ddydd Sul (mutation mutation-soft)
nydd Sul (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˌdɨːð ˈsɨːl/

dydd (“day”) + Sul (“Sunday”), partial calque of Latin diēs Sōlis. Compare Breton disul, Cornish de Sul.


annedd

anheddau (plural)
annedd (mutation mutation-radical)
hannedd (mutation prothesis-h)

Proto-Celtic *ande-sedom; equivalent to an- (“inside”) + hedd


awr

oriau (plural)
awr (mutation mutation-radical)
hawr (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh awr, from Proto-Brythonic *ǫr, from Latin hōra.


bachgennes

bachgenesau (plural)
bachgennes (mutation mutation-radical)
fachgennes (mutation mutation-soft)
machgennes (mutation mutation-nasal)

From bachgen (“boy”) + -es (feminine suffix).


betws

betysau (plural)
betws (mutation mutation-radical)
fetws (mutation mutation-soft)
metws (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh betws, borrowed from Old English bedhūs (“house of prayer”, literally “bede-house”).


dydd Gwener

dydd Gwener (mutation mutation-radical)
ddydd Gwener (mutation mutation-soft)
nydd Gwener (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˌdɨːð ˈɡwɛnɛr/

/dɨ̞ðˈɡwɛnɛr/

/dɨ̞ˈɡwɛnɛr/

/ˌdɨːð ˈɡwɛnar/

/ˌdiːð ˈɡwɛnɛr/

/dɪðˈɡwɛnɛr/

dydd (“day”) + Gwener (“Venus”), a calque of Latin diēs Veneris.


eglwys

eglwysi (plural)
eglwysydd (plural)
eglwys (mutation mutation-radical)
heglwys (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *egluɨs (compare Cornish eglos, Breton iliz), borrowed from Latin ecclēsia (“church”), from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησίᾱ (ekklēsíā).


amrantiad

amrantiadau (plural)
amrantiad (mutation mutation-radical)
hamrantiad (mutation prothesis-h)


dydd Mawrth

dydd Mawrth (mutation mutation-radical)
ddydd Mawrth (mutation mutation-soft)
nydd Mawrth (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˌdɨːð ˈmau̯rθ/

dydd (“day”) + Mawrth (“Mars”), a calque of Latin dīēs Mārtis.


blwyddyn

cy-noun

blwyddyn f (plural blynyddoedd or blynyddau)

blynyddoedd (plural)
blynyddau (plural)
blwyddyn (mutation mutation-radical)
flwyddyn (mutation mutation-soft)
mlwyddyn (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˈblʊɨ̯ðɨ̞n/

From Middle Welsh blwyðyn, from Old Welsh bloidin, from Proto-Brythonic *bluɨðėn (compare Cornish bledhen, Breton blizen), from Proto-Celtic *bleidanī (compare Old Irish blíadain), from *blēdū (compare Welsh blwydd (“age; year(s) old”)).


bachgen

bachgen m (plural bechgyn or bachgennod or bechgennod)

bechgyn (plural)
bachgennod (plural)
bechgennod (plural)
bachgen (mutation mutation-radical)
fachgen (mutation mutation-soft)
machgen (mutation mutation-nasal)

From bach; the second element appears to be from Proto-Celtic *keneti, from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (compare Welsh cenedl (“nation, tribe, clan, kindred”)).

cog

boy, lad, youngster, servant, young man, son, child


trefol

cy-adj

trefol (feminine singular trefol, plural trefol, equative trefoled, comparative trefolach, superlative trefolaf)

trefol (feminine singular)
trefol (plural)
trefoled (equative)
trefolach (comparative)
trefolaf (superlative)
trefol (mutation mutation-radical)
drefol (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrefol (mutation mutation-nasal)
threfol (mutation mutation-aspirate)

car trefol

cynllunio trefol


Cymreig

Cymreig (feminine singular Cymreig, plural Cymreig, not comparable)

Cymreig (feminine singular)
Cymreig (plural)
Cymreig (mutation mutation-radical)
Gymreig (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghymreig (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chymreig (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Brythonic *kumrėɣig, from *kömroɣ (“comrade, compatriot”), equivalent to Cymro (“Welshman”) + -eg (“of a language”).

suffix

Welsh; of Wales or the Welsh culture (but not of the Welsh language)


Mawrth

Mawrth (mutation mutation-radical)
Fawrth (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh Mawrth, from Proto-Brythonic *Mo̦rθ, borrowed from Latin mārtius. Compare Cornish Merth, Breton Meurzh.


dwy

dwy (mutation mutation-radical)
ddwy (mutation mutation-soft)
nwy (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *dwī (feminine of *duwo), from Proto-Indo-European *dw-ih₂, feminine of *dwóh₁.


mynydd

mynyddoedd (plural)
mynydd (mutation mutation-radical)
fynydd (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh mynyð, from Proto-Brythonic *mönɨð, from Proto-Celtic *moniyos (compare Cornish menydh, Breton menez), from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to tower, stand out”) (compare Latin mōns).

der

common, unenclosed land, mountain land, moorland; agricultural land; plain


draig

dreigiau (plural)
draig (mutation mutation-radical)
ddraig (mutation mutation-soft)
nraig (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh dreic, from Proto-Brythonic *drėg, earlier *drakū, from Latin dracō.


llan

llannau (plural)
llan (mutation mutation-radical)
lan (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh llann, from Proto-Brythonic *llann, from Proto-Celtic *landā, from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“land, heath”).


afon

afonydd (plural)
afon (mutation mutation-radical)
hafon (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh afon, from Proto-Brythonic *aβon, from Proto-Celtic *abū, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-h₃ōn-, from *h₂ep- (“body of water”).


chwech

From Proto-Brythonic *hwex, from Proto-Celtic *swexs, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs.


chwech

chwechau (plural)
chwech (mutation mutation-radical)


gaeaf

gaeafau (plural)
gaeafoedd (plural)
gaeaf (mutation mutation-radical)
aeaf (mutation mutation-soft)
ngaeaf (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh gayaf, from Old Welsh gaem, from Proto-Celtic *gyemos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰyem-.
Celtic cognates include Cornish gwav, Breton goañv, Old Irish gam (Irish geimhreadh). Indo-European cognates include Latin hiems, Ancient Greek χεῖμα (kheîma), Old Church Slavonic зима (zima), Sanskrit हिम (hima).


gaeaf

caeaf (mutation mutation-radical)
gaeaf (mutation mutation-soft)
nghaeaf (mutation mutation-nasal)
chaeaf (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ffordd

From Middle Welsh fforð, from Old Welsh ford, from Proto-Brythonic *forð, a borrowing from Old English ford. Cognate with Cornish fordh, Breton forzh.


ffordd

Ffordd ’yt ti’n gwbod ’ny?


ysgol

From Middle Welsh yscol, from Proto-Brythonic *ɨskol, from Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ).

Bydd hi’n gadael yr ysgol yr haf ’ma i fynd i’r coleg.

She will leave school this summer to go to college.


ysgol

ysgolion (plural)
ysgol (mutation mutation-radical)
hysgol (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh yscawl, from Proto-Brythonic *ɨskọl, from Latin scāla.

(North Wales)


saith

From Middle Welsh seith, from Proto-Brythonic *seiθ, from Proto-Celtic *sextam, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥.


dinas

dinasoedd (plural)
dinas (mutation mutation-radical)
ddinas (mutation mutation-soft)
ninas (mutation mutation-nasal)

Augmentative of din (“fortress”), from Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“stronghold”).


dyn

From Middle Welsh dyn, from Proto-Brythonic *dün, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).


dyn

dyn (mutation mutation-radical)
ddyn (mutation mutation-soft)
nyn (mutation mutation-nasal)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

first-person plural present colloquial of bod


allo

gallo (mutation mutation-radical)
allo (mutation mutation-soft)
ngallo (mutation mutation-nasal)


naw

From Proto-Brythonic *naw, from Proto-Celtic *nowan, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥.


naw

daw (mutation mutation-radical)
ddaw (mutation mutation-soft)
naw (mutation mutation-nasal)


glo

head

glo m sg or m pl (plural gloeau, singulative glöyn)

gloeau (plural)
glöyn (singulative)
glo (mutation mutation-radical)
lo (mutation mutation-soft)
nglo (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *glọw, from Proto-Celtic *glāwos.


glo

clo (mutation mutation-radical)
glo (mutation mutation-soft)
nghlo (mutation mutation-nasal)
chlo (mutation mutation-aspirate)


dau

dwy (feminine)
dau (mutation mutation-radical)
ddau (mutation mutation-soft)
nau (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *dow, from Proto-Celtic *duwo, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.


tref

trefi (plural)
trefydd (plural)
tref (mutation mutation-radical)
dref (mutation mutation-soft)
nhref (mutation mutation-nasal)
thref (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh tref, from Proto-Brythonic *treβ, from Proto-Celtic *trebā, from Proto-Indo-European *treb-.


tud

tudau (plural)
tud (mutation mutation-radical)
dud (mutation mutation-soft)
nhud (mutation mutation-nasal)
thud (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh tut, from Proto-Brythonic *tʉd, from Proto-Celtic *toutā, from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂.


fara

bara (mutation mutation-radical)
fara (mutation mutation-soft)
mara (mutation mutation-nasal)


deg

From Middle Welsh deg, from Proto-Brythonic *deg, from Proto-Celtic *dekam, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥.


deg

degau (plural)
deg (mutation mutation-radical)
ddeg (mutation mutation-soft)
neg (mutation mutation-nasal)


deg

teg (mutation mutation-radical)
deg (mutation mutation-soft)
nheg (mutation mutation-nasal)
theg (mutation mutation-aspirate)


adlaw

ar adlaw


adlaw

cy-adj

adlaw (feminine singular adlaw, plural adlaw, not comparable)

adlaw (feminine singular)
adlaw (plural)
adlaw (mutation mutation-radical)
hadlaw (mutation prothesis-h)


basta

pasta (mutation mutation-radical)
basta (mutation mutation-soft)
mhasta (mutation mutation-nasal)
phasta (mutation mutation-aspirate)


mis

misoedd (plural)
mis (mutation mutation-radical)
fis (mutation mutation-soft)

From Proto-Celtic *mīns, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s.


[ˌɬan.vai̯r.pʊɬˌɡwɨ̞n.ɡɨ̞ɬ.ɡɔˌɡɛr.əˌχwɨ̞rnˌdrɔ.bʊɬˌɬan.təˌsɪl.jɔˌɡɔ.ɡɔˈɡoːχ]

[ˌɬan.vai̯r.pʊɬˌɡwɪn.ɡɪɬ.ɡɔˌɡɛr.əˌχwɪrnˌdrɔ.bʊɬˌɬan.təˌsɪl.jɔˌɡɔ.ɡɔˈɡoːχ]

Cy-Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch (Welsh pronunciation, recorded 17-05-2012).ogg

Composed of the following elements:
* llan (“parish, church”)
* Fair, soft mutation of Mair (“(saint) Mary”)
* pwll (“pool”)
* gwyn (“white”)
* gyll, soft mutation of cyll (“hazel”)
* go ger (“near about”)
* y (“the”)
* chwyrn (“fierce”)
* drobwll, soft mutation of trobwll (“whirlpool”) (from troi (“to turn”))
* llan (“parish, church”)
* Tysilio (“(saint) Tysilio”)
* -g- (Welsh consonantal infix)
* ogo (dialectal form of ogof (“cave”))
* goch, soft mutation of coch (“red”)
Full meaning: “Saint Mary’s Church in the hollow of the white hazel near the rapid whirlpool and the Church of Saint Tysilio of the red cave”.

Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch (a village in Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom, known for having the longest place name in Europe, and the longest English-language settlement name in the world.)


Llangollen

Llangollen (mutation mutation-radical)
Langollen (mutation mutation-soft)

Llangollen (a small town in Denbighshire, Wales)


eisteddfod

eisteddfodau (plural)
eisteddfod (mutation mutation-radical)
heisteddfod (mutation prothesis-h)

From eistedd (“sitting”) + bod (“being”).


cannaid

cannaid (feminine singular cannaid, plural cannaid, equative mor gannaid, comparative mwy cannaid, superlative mwyaf cannaid)

cannaid (feminine singular)
cannaid (plural)
mor gannaid (equative)
mwy cannaid (comparative)
mwyaf cannaid (superlative)
cannaid (mutation mutation-radical)
gannaid (mutation mutation-soft)
nghannaid (mutation mutation-nasal)
channaid (mutation mutation-aspirate)


chwith

chwith (feminine singular chwith, plural chwith, not comparable, not mutable)

chwith (feminine singular)
chwith (plural)


dwyrain

dwyrain (mutation mutation-radical)
ddwyrain (mutation mutation-soft)
nwyrain (mutation mutation-nasal)


deheubarth

deheubarthau (plural)
deheubarth (mutation mutation-radical)
ddeheubarth (mutation mutation-soft)
neheubarth (mutation mutation-nasal)


gogleddol

gogleddol (feminine singular gogleddol, plural gogleddol, equative mor ogleddol, comparative mwy gogleddol, superlative mwyaf gogleddol)

gogleddol (feminine singular)
gogleddol (plural)
mor ogleddol (equative)
mwy gogleddol (comparative)
mwyaf gogleddol (superlative)
gogleddol (mutation mutation-radical)
ogleddol (mutation mutation-soft)
ngogleddol (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ɡɔˈɡleːðɔl/


bwrw

cy-verb

bwrw (first-person singular present bwriaf)

bwriaf (first-person present singular)
bwriaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
bwri (future indicative present second-person singular)
bwria (future indicative present singular third-person)
bwriwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
bwriwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
bwriant (future indicative plural present third-person)
bwrir (future impersonal indicative present)
bwriwn (conditional first-person singular)
bwriwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
bwrit (conditional second-person singular)
bwrit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
bwriai (conditional singular third-person)
bwriai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
bwriem (conditional first-person plural)
bwriem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
bwriech (conditional plural second-person)
bwriech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
bwrient (conditional plural third-person)
bwrient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
bwrid (conditional impersonal)
bwrid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
bwriais (first-person preterite singular)
bwriaist (preterite second-person singular)
bwriodd (preterite singular third-person)
bwriasom (first-person plural preterite)
bwriasoch (plural preterite second-person)
bwriasant (plural preterite third-person)
bwriwyd (impersonal preterite)
bwriaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
bwriasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
bwriasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
bwriasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
bwriasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
bwriasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
bwriasid (impersonal pluperfect)
bwriesid (impersonal pluperfect)
bwriwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bwriech (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bwrio (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bwriom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bwrioch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bwriont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bwrier (impersonal present subjunctive)
bwra (imperative second-person singular)
bwria (imperative second-person singular)
bwried (imperative singular third-person)
bwriwn (first-person imperative plural)
bwriwch (imperative plural second-person)
bwrient (imperative plural third-person)
bwrier (imperative impersonal)
bwrw (noun-from-verb)
bwriedig (participle)
bwria i (first-person future singular)
bwriaf i (first-person future singular)
bwri di (future second-person singular)
bwrith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
bwriff e (future singular third-person)
bwriwn ni (first-person future plural)
bwriwch chi (future plural second-person)
bwrian nhw (future plural third-person)
bwriwn i (conditional first-person singular)
bwriswn i (conditional first-person singular)
bwriet ti (conditional second-person singular)
bwriset ti (conditional second-person singular)
bwriai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
bwrisai fo (conditional singular third-person)
bwrien ni (conditional first-person plural)
bwrisen ni (conditional first-person plural)
bwriech chi (conditional plural second-person)
bwrisech chi (conditional plural second-person)
bwrien nhw (conditional plural third-person)
bwrisen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
bwriais i (first-person preterite singular)
bwries i (first-person preterite singular)
bwriaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
bwriest ti (preterite second-person singular)
bwriodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
bwrion ni (first-person plural preterite)
bwrioch chi (plural preterite second-person)
bwrion nhw (plural preterite third-person)
bwria (imperative second-person singular)
bwriwch (imperative plural second-person)
bwrw (mutation mutation-radical)
fwrw (mutation mutation-soft)
mwrw (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh bwrw, from Proto-Brythonic *burɣid, from Proto-Celtic *borgīti (compare Old Irish ·díbairg (“throws”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰorǵʰ-éye-ti, an "eye"-causative form of *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise up, elevate”).

Mae hi'n bwrw glaw

(of animals) to give birth to; to whelp, calve, etc.


gwyrdd

cy-adj

gwyrdd (feminine singular gwerdd, plural gwyrddion, equative gwyrdded, comparative gwyrddach, superlative gwyrddaf)

gwerdd (feminine singular)
gwyrddion (plural)
gwyrdded (equative)
gwyrddach (comparative)
gwyrddaf (superlative)
gwyrdd (mutation mutation-radical)
wyrdd (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwyrdd (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh gwyrð, from Old Welsh guird, from Proto-Brythonic *gwɨrð, a borrowing from Vulgar Latin virdis, from Latin viridis (“green”).


gwyrddlas

gwyrddlas (feminine singular gwyrddlas, plural gwyrddleision, equative mor wyrddlas, comparative mwy gwyrddlas, superlative mwyaf gwyrddlas)

gwyrddlas (feminine singular)
gwyrddleision (plural)
mor wyrddlas (equative)
mwy gwyrddlas (comparative)
mwyaf gwyrddlas (superlative)
gwyrddlas (mutation mutation-radical)
wyrddlas (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwyrddlas (mutation mutation-nasal)


Birmingham

Birmingham (mutation mutation-radical)
Firmingham (mutation mutation-soft)
Mirmingham (mutation mutation-nasal)

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Birmingham (a major city and metropolitan borough of the West Midlands, England)

Jefferson County
Jefferson County#English

Birmingham (a city, the county seat of Jefferson County, Alabama, United States)

New Haven County
New Haven County#English

Birmingham (a community of the city of Derby, New Haven County, Connecticut, United States)

Birmingham (a submerged ghost town in Marshall County, Kentucky, United States)

Birmingham (an unincorporated community in Allen Township, Miami County, Indiana, United States)

Fairfield Township
Fairfield Township#English

Tippecanoe County
Tippecanoe County#English

Birmingham (an unincorporated community in Fairfield Township, Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States)

Van Buren County
Van Buren County#English

Birmingham (a tiny city in Van Buren County, Iowa, United States)

Franklin Township
Franklin Township#English

Birmingham (an unincorporated community in Franklin Township, Jackson County, Kansas, United States)

Birmingham (a city in Oakland County, Michigan, United States)

Birmingham (a village in Clay County, Missouri, United States)

Pemberton Township
Pemberton Township#English

Burlington County
Burlington County#English

Birmingham (an unincorporated community in Pemberton Township, Burlington County, New Jersey, United States)

Lafayette Township
Lafayette Township#English

Coshocton County
Coshocton County#English

Birmingham (a ghost town in Lafayette Township, Coshocton County, Ohio, United States)

Florence Township
Florence Township#English

Birmingham (an unincorporated community in Florence Township, Erie County, Ohio, United States)

Birmingham (an unincorporated community in Monroe Township, Guernsey County, Ohio, United States)

Huntingdon County
Huntingdon County#English

Birmingham (a borough of Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, United States)


awyr

awyrau (plural)
awyron (plural)
awyr (mutation mutation-radical)
hawyr (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh aẅyr, from Proto-Brythonic *auɨr, borrowed from Latin āēr, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr, “wind, atmosphere”).

der

Awyr Cymru


wybr

wybrau (plural)
wybr (mutation mutation-radical)
hwybr (mutation prothesis-h)


gogledd

First attested in the twelfth century; formed as go- (“under”) + cledd (“left hand”, “left side”), the north being on the left-hand side when facing east (similarly, compare de (“right”, “south”)).

Gogleddwyr

inhabitants of a territory comprising northern England and southern Scotland

(as y Gogledd, when in Wales) North Wales

(historical) a territory comprising northern England and southern Scotland

(by extension, collectively) the inhabitants of that region


gogledd

cy-adj

gogledd (feminine singular gogledd, plural gogledd, equative gogledded, comparative gogleddach, superlative gogleddaf)

gogledd (feminine singular)
gogledd (plural)
gogledded (equative)
gogleddach (comparative)
gogleddaf (superlative)
gogledd (mutation mutation-radical)
ogledd (mutation mutation-soft)
ngogledd (mutation mutation-nasal)


coch

coch (feminine singular coch, plural cochion, equative coched, comparative cochach, superlative cochaf)

coch (feminine singular)
cochion (plural)
coched (equative)
cochach (comparative)
cochaf (superlative)
coch (mutation mutation-radical)
goch (mutation mutation-soft)
nghoch (mutation mutation-nasal)
choch (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh coch, from Proto-Brythonic *kox, borrowed from Latin coccum (“scarlet berry”), from Ancient Greek κόκκος (kókkos, “berry”). Cognate with Cornish kogh (“scarlet”).

1973, Robat Gruffudd, Englynion Coch [Dirty Poems]:


Megan

Megan (mutation mutation-radical)
Fegan (mutation mutation-soft)

Originally a Welsh pet form of English Margaret, probably from Meg + -an (a diminutive suffix used to form pet names), now often used as an independent given name.


gwaith glo

gweithiau glo (plural)
gwaith glo (mutation mutation-radical)
waith glo (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwaith glo (mutation mutation-nasal)


gorllewin

gorllewin (mutation mutation-radical)
orllewin (mutation mutation-soft)
ngorllewin (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ɡɔrˈɬɛu̯ɪn/

gor- + llewin, the latter word likely from lleu (“light, brightness”).

(as y Gorllewin, when in Wales) West Wales


bywyd

bywydau (plural)
bywydoedd (plural)
bywyd (mutation mutation-radical)
fywyd (mutation mutation-soft)
mywyd (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *bɨwöd, from Proto-Celtic *biwotūts (compare Old Irish bethu, bethad, Irish beatha), probably from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wo-teh₂ (compare Latin vīta, Ancient Greek βίοτος (bíotos), Old Church Slavonic, животъ (životŭ, “life”), Lithuanian gyvatà (“life”), Sanskrit जीवित (jīvitá), Avestan gayo (accusative ǰyātum) "life")), ultimately from *gʷeih₃w- (“to live”), compare *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).

Gwnewch y pethau bychain mewn bywyd.


gwyn

cy-adj

gwyn (feminine singular gwen, plural gwynion, equative gwynned, comparative gwynnach, superlative gwynnaf)

gwen (feminine singular)
gwynion (plural)
gwynned (equative)
gwynnach (comparative)
gwynnaf (superlative)
gwyn (mutation mutation-radical)
wyn (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwyn (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh gwynn, from Proto-Brythonic *gwɨnn, from Proto-Celtic *windos.

gwyn y gwêl y frân ei chyw

a parent does not see the faults of his or her own child

gwyniad

(a species of fish native to Bala Lake in Wales)


glawio

cy-verb

glawio (first-person singular present glawiaf)

glawiaf (first-person present singular)
glawiaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
glawi (future indicative present second-person singular)
glawia (future indicative present singular third-person)
glawiwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
glawiwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
glawiant (future indicative plural present third-person)
glawir (future impersonal indicative present)
glawiwn (conditional first-person singular)
glawiwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
glawit (conditional second-person singular)
glawit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
glawiai (conditional singular third-person)
glawiai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
glawiem (conditional first-person plural)
glawiem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
glawiech (conditional plural second-person)
glawiech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
glawient (conditional plural third-person)
glawient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
glawid (conditional impersonal)
glawid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
glawiais (first-person preterite singular)
glawiaist (preterite second-person singular)
glawiodd (preterite singular third-person)
glawiasom (first-person plural preterite)
glawiasoch (plural preterite second-person)
glawiasant (plural preterite third-person)
glawiwyd (impersonal preterite)
glawiaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
glawiasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
glawiasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
glawiasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
glawiasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
glawiasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
glawiasid (impersonal pluperfect)
glawiesid (impersonal pluperfect)
glawiwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
glawiech (present second-person singular subjunctive)
glawio (present singular subjunctive third-person)
glawiom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
glawioch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
glawiont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
glawier (impersonal present subjunctive)
glawia (imperative second-person singular)
glawied (imperative singular third-person)
glawiwn (first-person imperative plural)
glawiwch (imperative plural second-person)
glawient (imperative plural third-person)
glawier (imperative impersonal)
glawio (noun-from-verb)
glawiedig (participle)
glawiadwy (participle)
glawia i (first-person future singular)
glawiaf i (first-person future singular)
glawi di (future second-person singular)
glawith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
glawiff e (future singular third-person)
glawiwn ni (first-person future plural)
glawiwch chi (future plural second-person)
glawian nhw (future plural third-person)
glawiwn i (conditional first-person singular)
glawswn i (conditional first-person singular)
glawiet ti (conditional second-person singular)
glawset ti (conditional second-person singular)
glawiai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
glawsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
glawien ni (conditional first-person plural)
glawsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
glawiech chi (conditional plural second-person)
glawsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
glawien nhw (conditional plural third-person)
glawsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
glawiais i (first-person preterite singular)
glawies i (first-person preterite singular)
glawiaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
glawiest ti (preterite second-person singular)
glawiodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
glawion ni (first-person plural preterite)
glawioch chi (plural preterite second-person)
glawion nhw (plural preterite third-person)
glawia (imperative second-person singular)
glawiwch (imperative plural second-person)
glawio (mutation mutation-radical)
lawio (mutation mutation-soft)
nglawio (mutation mutation-nasal)

(intransitive) to rain, fall as rain, fall in a shower (or showers) from above

(transitive) to rain, cause to rain, send down as rain


gul

cul (mutation mutation-radical)
gul (mutation mutation-soft)
nghul (mutation mutation-nasal)
chul (mutation mutation-aspirate)


uniawn

cy-adj

uniawn (feminine singular uniawn, plural uniawn, equative unioned, comparative unionach, superlative unionaf)

uniawn (feminine singular)
uniawn (plural)
unioned (equative)
unionach (comparative)
unionaf (superlative)
uniawn (mutation mutation-radical)
huniawn (mutation prothesis-h)

just (morally fair; upright; righteous, equitable)


geiriadur

geiriaduron (plural)
geiriadur (mutation mutation-radical)
eiriadur (mutation mutation-soft)
ngeiriadur (mutation mutation-nasal)


mil

From Middle Welsh mil, from Proto-Brythonic *mil (compare Cornish myl, Breton mil), from Proto-Celtic *mīlom (compare Old Irish míl and its descendants; Irish míol, Scottish Gaelic míl, Manx meeyl), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₁l- (“small animal””).
Compare Ancient Greek μῆλον (mêlon, “lamb”), Armenian մալ (mal, “sheep; mutton; wether; cattle; livestock”), Central Kurdish ماڵ (mall, “livestock”), Dutch maal (“calf”).

carfil

working beast, dray horse, clumsy animal, monster

vermin (animal not normally eaten by people)


mil

miloedd (plural)
mil (mutation mutation-radical)
fil (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh mil, from Proto-Brythonic *mil, from Latin mīlia. Cognate with Cornish mil, Breton mil, Irish míle.


byth

From Middle Welsh byth, possibly borrowed from Old Irish bith, in which case doublet of byd.


byth

byth (mutation mutation-radical)
fyth (mutation mutation-soft)
myth (mutation mutation-nasal)

Mae hwn yn wael ond mae hwnna'n waeth byth!

even (following the comparative degree of adjectives)

Wyt ti byth yn mynd i Iwerddon nawr?

Nac ydw, dw i byth yn mynd yno ragor.

No, I've never go there anymore. / No, I don't ever go there anymore.


hiraeth

cy-noun

hiraeth m (plural hiraethau or hiraethion, not mutable)

From Proto-Brythonic *hiraɨθ, from Proto-Celtic *sīraxto-, akin to Gaulish siraxta (“longing”). Compare Cornish hireth, Breton hiraezh, and Old Irish sírecht. By surface analysis, hir + -aeth.

wistfulness; nostalgia; longing; homesickness; a deep feeling of yearning for something, someone or somewhere

(specifically of Wales) longing for a romanticized ideal of Wales or Welsh culture


Cymry

From Proto-Brythonic *kömrüɣ, plural of *kömroɣ.


Cymry

Cymry (mutation mutation-radical)
Gymry (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghymry (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chymry (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ffyddlon

cy-adj

ffyddlon (feminine singular ffyddlon, plural ffyddlon, equative ffyddloned, comparative ffyddlonach, superlative ffyddlonaf, not mutable)

ffyddlon (feminine singular)
ffyddlon (plural)
ffyddloned (equative)
ffyddlonach (comparative)
ffyddlonaf (superlative)

From Middle Welsh ffyðlawn. By surface analysis, ffydd + -lon.


ffyddlon

cy-noun

ffyddlon m or f (plural fyddloniaid, not mutable)


mwyn

From Middle Welsh mwyn, from Proto-Brythonic *muɨn, from Proto-Celtic *meinis.


mwyn

cy-adj

mwyn (feminine singular mwyn, plural mwynon, equative mwyned, comparative mwynach, superlative mwynaf)

mwyn (feminine singular)
mwynon (plural)
mwyned (equative)
mwynach (comparative)
mwynaf (superlative)
mwyn (mutation mutation-radical)
fwyn (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh mywn, from Old Welsh muin, from Proto-Brythonic *muɨn (“beautiful”), from Proto-Celtic *meinos.
Compare Breton moan (“thin”).


banc

Borrowed from English bank, from Middle English banke, from Middle French banque, from Old Italian banca (“counter, moneychanger's bench or table”), from Lombardic bank (“bench, counter”), from Proto-West Germanic *banki, from Proto-Germanic *bankiz (“bench, counter”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to turn, curve, bend, bow”). Doublet of mainc.


banc

banciau (plural)
banc (mutation mutation-radical)
fanc (mutation mutation-soft)
manc (mutation mutation-nasal)

Borrowed from Middle English banke, from Old English banca, from Proto-Germanic *bankô.

bank (in a sea or river, e.g. sandbank, mudbank)


lleuad

lleuadau (plural)
lleuad (mutation mutation-radical)
leuad (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh lleuat, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (see golau). By surface analysis, lleu (“light, brightness”) + -ad.


huan

From Proto-Celtic *sawenos (compare Breton huon), from Proto-Indo-European *sh̥₂uén (compare English sun), oblique of *sóh₂wl̥ (compare Welsh haul).


tŷ bach

tai bach (plural)
tŷ bach (mutation mutation-radical)
dŷ bach (mutation mutation-soft)
nhŷ bach (mutation mutation-nasal)
thŷ bach (mutation mutation-aspirate)

/ˌtɨː ˈbaːχ/

(euphemistic) A little house: an outhouse.


lloer

lloerau (plural)
lloer (mutation mutation-radical)
loer (mutation mutation-soft)

From Old Welsh loyr, from Proto-Brythonic *lloɨr. Cognate with Breton loar and Cornish loor.


rhudd

cy-adj

rhudd (feminine singular rhudd, plural rhuddion, equative rhudded, comparative rhuddach, superlative rhuddaf)

rhudd (feminine singular)
rhuddion (plural)
rhudded (equative)
rhuddach (comparative)
rhuddaf (superlative)
rhudd (mutation mutation-radical)
rudd (mutation mutation-soft)

From Proto-Brythonic *rrʉð, from Proto-Celtic *roudos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-.


swydd

cy-noun

swydd f (plural swyddi or swyddau, not mutable)

From Middle Welsh swyð, from Proto-Brythonic *suɨð, from Latin sēdēs (“seat”).


nage ddim

/ˌnaɡɛ ˈðɪm/

/ˌna(ː)ɡɛ ˈðɪm/


masnachdy

masnachdai (plural)
masnachdy (mutation mutation-radical)
fasnachdy (mutation mutation-soft)

masnach (“trade, business”) + tŷ (“house”)


ffwcio

cy-verb

ffwcio (first-person singular present ffwciaf, not mutable)

ffwciaf (first-person present singular)
ffwciaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
ffwci (future indicative present second-person singular)
ffwci (future indicative present singular third-person)
ffwcia (future indicative present singular third-person)
ffwciwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
ffwciwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
ffwciant (future indicative plural present third-person)
ffwcir (future impersonal indicative present)
ffwciwn (conditional first-person singular)
ffwciwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
ffwcit (conditional second-person singular)
ffwcit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ffwciai (conditional singular third-person)
ffwciai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
ffwciem (conditional first-person plural)
ffwciem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
ffwciech (conditional plural second-person)
ffwciech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
ffwcient (conditional plural third-person)
ffwcient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ffwcid (conditional impersonal)
ffwcid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
ffwciais (first-person preterite singular)
ffwciaist (preterite second-person singular)
ffwciodd (preterite singular third-person)
ffwciasom (first-person plural preterite)
ffwciasoch (plural preterite second-person)
ffwciasant (plural preterite third-person)
ffwciwyd (impersonal preterite)
ffwciaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
ffwciasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
ffwciasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
ffwciasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
ffwciasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
ffwciasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
ffwciasid (impersonal pluperfect)
ffwciesid (impersonal pluperfect)
ffwciwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
ffwciech (present second-person singular subjunctive)
ffwcio (present singular subjunctive third-person)
ffwciom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
ffwcioch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
ffwciont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
ffwcier (impersonal present subjunctive)
ffwci (imperative second-person singular)
ffwcia (imperative second-person singular)
ffwcied (imperative singular third-person)
ffwciwn (first-person imperative plural)
ffwciwch (imperative plural second-person)
ffwcient (imperative plural third-person)
ffwcier (imperative impersonal)
ffwcio (noun-from-verb)
ffwciedig (participle)
ffwciadwy (participle)
ffwcia i (first-person future singular)
ffwciaf i (first-person future singular)
ffwci di (future second-person singular)
ffwcith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
ffwciff e (future singular third-person)
ffwciwn ni (first-person future plural)
ffwciwch chi (future plural second-person)
ffwcian nhw (future plural third-person)
ffwciwn i (conditional first-person singular)
ffwcswn i (conditional first-person singular)
ffwciet ti (conditional second-person singular)
ffwcset ti (conditional second-person singular)
ffwciai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
ffwcsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
ffwcien ni (conditional first-person plural)
ffwcsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
ffwciech chi (conditional plural second-person)
ffwcsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
ffwcien nhw (conditional plural third-person)
ffwcsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
ffwciais i (first-person preterite singular)
ffwcies i (first-person preterite singular)
ffwciaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
ffwciest ti (preterite second-person singular)
ffwciodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
ffwcion ni (first-person plural preterite)
ffwcioch chi (plural preterite second-person)
ffwcion nhw (plural preterite third-person)
ffwcia (imperative second-person singular)
ffwciwch (imperative plural second-person)


colomen

colomennod (plural)
colomen (mutation mutation-radical)
golomen (mutation mutation-soft)
ngholomen (mutation mutation-nasal)
cholomen (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh colomen, from Proto-Brythonic *kolom (from Latin columba) + -en.

a sloven in finery (one who dresses well but keeps a dirty house)


cnuchio

cnuchio (first-person singular present cnuchiaf)

cnuchiaf (first-person present singular)
cnuchiaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
cnuchi (future indicative present second-person singular)
cnuchi (future indicative present singular third-person)
cnuchia (future indicative present singular third-person)
cnuchiwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
cnuchiwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
cnuchiant (future indicative plural present third-person)
cnuchir (future impersonal indicative present)
cnuchiwn (conditional first-person singular)
cnuchiwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
cnuchit (conditional second-person singular)
cnuchit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
cnuchiai (conditional singular third-person)
cnuchiai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
cnuchiem (conditional first-person plural)
cnuchiem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
cnuchiech (conditional plural second-person)
cnuchiech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
cnuchient (conditional plural third-person)
cnuchient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
cnuchid (conditional impersonal)
cnuchid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
cnuchiais (first-person preterite singular)
cnuchiaist (preterite second-person singular)
cnuchiodd (preterite singular third-person)
cnuchiasom (first-person plural preterite)
cnuchiasoch (plural preterite second-person)
cnuchiasant (plural preterite third-person)
cnuchiwyd (impersonal preterite)
cnuchiaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
cnuchiasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
cnuchiasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
cnuchiasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
cnuchiasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
cnuchiasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
cnuchiasid (impersonal pluperfect)
cnuchiesid (impersonal pluperfect)
cnuchiwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
cnuchiech (present second-person singular subjunctive)
cnuchio (present singular subjunctive third-person)
cnuchiom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
cnuchioch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
cnuchiont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
cnuchier (impersonal present subjunctive)
cnuchi (imperative second-person singular)
cnuchia (imperative second-person singular)
cnuchied (imperative singular third-person)
cnuchiwn (first-person imperative plural)
cnuchiwch (imperative plural second-person)
cnuchient (imperative plural third-person)
cnuchier (imperative impersonal)
cnuchio (noun-from-verb)
cnuchiedig (participle)
cnuchiadwy (participle)
cnuchia i (first-person future singular)
cnuchiaf i (first-person future singular)
cnuchi di (future second-person singular)
cnuchith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
cnuchiff e (future singular third-person)
cnuchiwn ni (first-person future plural)
cnuchiwch chi (future plural second-person)
cnuchian nhw (future plural third-person)
cnuchiwn i (conditional first-person singular)
cnuchswn i (conditional first-person singular)
cnuchiet ti (conditional second-person singular)
cnuchset ti (conditional second-person singular)
cnuchiai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
cnuchsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
cnuchien ni (conditional first-person plural)
cnuchsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
cnuchiech chi (conditional plural second-person)
cnuchsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
cnuchien nhw (conditional plural third-person)
cnuchsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
cnuchiais i (first-person preterite singular)
cnuchies i (first-person preterite singular)
cnuchiaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
cnuchiest ti (preterite second-person singular)
cnuchiodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
cnuchion ni (first-person plural preterite)
cnuchioch chi (plural preterite second-person)
cnuchion nhw (plural preterite third-person)
cnuchia (imperative second-person singular)
cnuchiwch (imperative plural second-person)
cnuchio (mutation mutation-radical)
gnuchio (mutation mutation-soft)
nghnuchio (mutation mutation-nasal)
chnuchio (mutation mutation-aspirate)


piglas

cy-adj

piglas (feminine singular piglas, plural piglas, not comparable)

piglas (feminine singular)
piglas (plural)
piglas (mutation mutation-radical)
biglas (mutation mutation-soft)
mhiglas (mutation mutation-nasal)
phiglas (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ffwrcho

cy-verb

ffwrcho (first-person singular present ffwrchaf, not mutable)

ffwrchaf (first-person present singular)
ffwrchaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
ffwrchi (future indicative present second-person singular)
ffwrcha (future indicative present singular third-person)
ffwrchwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
ffwrchwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
ffwrchant (future indicative plural present third-person)
ffwrchir (future impersonal indicative present)
ffwrchwn (conditional first-person singular)
ffwrchwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
ffwrchit (conditional second-person singular)
ffwrchit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
ffwrchai (conditional singular third-person)
ffwrchai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
ffwrchem (conditional first-person plural)
ffwrchem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
ffwrchech (conditional plural second-person)
ffwrchech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
ffwrchent (conditional plural third-person)
ffwrchent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
ffwrchid (conditional impersonal)
ffwrchid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
ffwrchais (first-person preterite singular)
ffwrchaist (preterite second-person singular)
ffwrchodd (preterite singular third-person)
ffwrchasom (first-person plural preterite)
ffwrchasoch (plural preterite second-person)
ffwrchasant (plural preterite third-person)
ffwrchwyd (impersonal preterite)
ffwrchaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
ffwrchasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
ffwrchasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
ffwrchasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
ffwrchasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
ffwrchasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
ffwrchasid (impersonal pluperfect)
ffwrchesid (impersonal pluperfect)
ffwrchwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
ffwrchych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
ffwrcho (present singular subjunctive third-person)
ffwrchom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
ffwrchoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
ffwrchont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
ffwrcher (impersonal present subjunctive)
ffwrcha (imperative second-person singular)
ffwrched (imperative singular third-person)
ffwrchwn (first-person imperative plural)
ffwrchwch (imperative plural second-person)
ffwrchent (imperative plural third-person)
ffwrcher (imperative impersonal)
ffwrcho (noun-from-verb)
ffwrchedig (participle)
ffwrchadwy (participle)
ffwrcha i (first-person future singular)
ffwrchaf i (first-person future singular)
ffwrchi di (future second-person singular)
ffwrchith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
ffwrchiff e (future singular third-person)
ffwrchwn ni (first-person future plural)
ffwrchwch chi (future plural second-person)
ffwrchan nhw (future plural third-person)
ffwrchwn i (conditional first-person singular)
ffwrchswn i (conditional first-person singular)
ffwrchet ti (conditional second-person singular)
ffwrchset ti (conditional second-person singular)
ffwrchai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
ffwrchsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
ffwrchen ni (conditional first-person plural)
ffwrchsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
ffwrchech chi (conditional plural second-person)
ffwrchsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
ffwrchen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
ffwrchsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
ffwrchais i (first-person preterite singular)
ffwrches i (first-person preterite singular)
ffwrchaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
ffwrchest ti (preterite second-person singular)
ffwrchodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
ffwrchon ni (first-person plural preterite)
ffwrchoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
ffwrchon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
ffwrcha (imperative second-person singular)
ffwrchwch (imperative plural second-person)

to warm oneself before a fire with legs apart


eira

eiraoedd (plural)
eira (mutation mutation-radical)
heira (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *ėrɣ (“snow”) (compare Cornish ergh, Breton erc’h).

Eira mân, eira mawr / Eira bras, eira bach.

Fine snow, large snowfall / Thick snow, small snowfall.


iawn

From Middle Welsh yawn, from Proto-Brythonic *yọn, from Proto-Celtic *yānos (“true, noble”), of uncertain further origin.

da iawn


iawn

cy-adj

iawn (feminine singular iawn, plural iawnion, equative iawned, comparative iawnach, superlative iawnaf)

iawn (feminine singular)
iawnion (plural)
iawned (equative)
iawnach (comparative)
iawnaf (superlative)
iawn (mutation mutation-radical)
hiawn (mutation prothesis-h)


cachu

cy-verb

cachu (first-person singular present cachaf)

cachaf (first-person present singular)
cachaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
cechi (future indicative present second-person singular)
cacha (future indicative present singular third-person)
cachwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
cechwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
cachwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
cachant (future indicative plural present third-person)
cechir (future impersonal indicative present)
cachwn (conditional first-person singular)
cachwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
cachit (conditional second-person singular)
cachit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
cachai (conditional singular third-person)
cachai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
cachem (conditional first-person plural)
cachem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
cachech (conditional plural second-person)
cachech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
cachent (conditional plural third-person)
cachent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
cechid (conditional impersonal)
cechid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
cechais (first-person preterite singular)
cechaist (preterite second-person singular)
cachodd (preterite singular third-person)
cachasom (first-person plural preterite)
cachasoch (plural preterite second-person)
cachasant (plural preterite third-person)
cachwyd (impersonal preterite)
cachaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
cachasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
cachasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
cachasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
cachasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
cachasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
cachasid (impersonal pluperfect)
cachesid (impersonal pluperfect)
cachwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
cechych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
cacho (present singular subjunctive third-person)
cachom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
cachoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
cachont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
cacher (impersonal present subjunctive)
cacha (imperative second-person singular)
cached (imperative singular third-person)
cachwn (first-person imperative plural)
cechwch (imperative plural second-person)
cachwch (imperative plural second-person)
cachent (imperative plural third-person)
cacher (imperative impersonal)
cachu (noun-from-verb)
cachedig (participle)
cachadwy (participle)
cacha i (first-person future singular)
cachaf i (first-person future singular)
cachi di (future second-person singular)
cachith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
cachiff e (future singular third-person)
cachwn ni (first-person future plural)
cachwch chi (future plural second-person)
cachan nhw (future plural third-person)
cachwn i (conditional first-person singular)
cachswn i (conditional first-person singular)
cachet ti (conditional second-person singular)
cachset ti (conditional second-person singular)
cachai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
cachsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
cachen ni (conditional first-person plural)
cachsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
cachech chi (conditional plural second-person)
cachsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
cachen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
cachsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
cachais i (first-person preterite singular)
caches i (first-person preterite singular)
cachaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
cachest ti (preterite second-person singular)
cachodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
cachon ni (first-person plural preterite)
cachoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
cachon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
cacha (imperative second-person singular)
cachwch (imperative plural second-person)

From Middle Welsh cachu, from Proto-Brythonic *kax, from Proto-Celtic *kakkā, from Proto-Indo-European *kakko- (compare Latin cacō).


cachu

cachu (mutation mutation-radical)
gachu (mutation mutation-soft)
nghachu (mutation mutation-nasal)
chachu (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(vulgar, offensive) shit (instance of defecation)


tal

cy-adj

tal (feminine singular tal, plural talion, equative taled, comparative talach, superlative talaf)

tal (feminine singular)
talion (plural)
taled (equative)
talach (comparative)
talaf (superlative)


tal

Proto-Celtic *talos, from Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“ground, bottom”). Compare Irish talamh, Latin tellūs, Sanskrit तल (tala).


tal

taliadau (plural)
tal (mutation mutation-radical)
dal (mutation mutation-soft)
nhal (mutation mutation-nasal)
thal (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Alternative spelling of tâl (“pay, payment”)


paham

Paham wyt ti yma?


helfen

elfen (mutation mutation-radical)
helfen (mutation prothesis-h)


anther

antherau (plural)
antheri (plural)
anther (mutation mutation-radical)
hanther (mutation prothesis-h)


gi

ci (mutation mutation-radical)
gi (mutation mutation-soft)
nghi (mutation mutation-nasal)
chi (mutation mutation-aspirate)


cred

cred (mutation mutation-radical)
gred (mutation mutation-soft)
nghred (mutation mutation-nasal)
chred (mutation mutation-aspirate)

third-person singular present indicative/future

inflection of credu:
second-person singular imperative


haul

From Middle Welsh heul, from Proto-Celtic *sāwol (compare Cornish howl, Breton heol; compare also Old Irish súil (“eye”)), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥.


reit

cy-adj

reit (feminine singular reit, plural reit, unknown comparative, not mutable)


baban

babanod (plural)
baban (mutation mutation-radical)
faban (mutation mutation-soft)
maban (mutation mutation-nasal)

Middle English baban, babe, from Old English *baba


bris

pris (mutation mutation-radical)
bris (mutation mutation-soft)
mhris (mutation mutation-nasal)
phris (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ansero

ansero (feminine singular ansero, plural ansero, not comparable)

ansero (feminine singular)
ansero (plural)

From English nonzero. Synchronically analysable as an- + sero.


ad-

ad- (mutation mutation-radical)
had- (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *ate-, from Proto-Celtic *ati-. from Proto-Indo-European *éti. Cognate with Cornish as-, English ed-, Latin et (“and”), Sanskrit अति (ati, “over-”).

ad- + llais (“voice”) → adlais (“echo”)

ad- + talu (“to pay”) → ad-dalu (“to refund”)

ad- + blas (“taste”) → adflas (“aftertaste”)

ad- + cas (“hated, nasty”) → atgas (“hateful, detestable”)

affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word


mentor

mentoriaid (plural)
mentor (mutation mutation-radical)
fentor (mutation mutation-soft)


anthem

anthemau (plural)
anthem (mutation mutation-radical)
hanthem (mutation prothesis-h)

From English anthem, from Middle English anteme, from Old English antefn, antefen and Old French antiene, anteine, anteivne, from Latin antiphōna, from Ancient Greek ἀντίφωνα (antíphōna).


condor

condoriaid (plural)
condor (mutation mutation-radical)
gondor (mutation mutation-soft)
nghondor (mutation mutation-nasal)
chondor (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from English condor, from Spanish cóndor, from Quechua kuntur.


garth

garthau (plural)
geirth (plural)
garth (mutation mutation-radical)
arth (mutation mutation-soft)
ngarth (mutation mutation-nasal)

Inherited from Proto-Celtic *gortos (cognate with Irish gort), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórts < *gʰórdʰs < *ǵʰórtos (“enclosure, yard”) (cognate with Latin hortus, Old English ġeard).


-os

plant (“children”) + -os → plantos (“kiddies”)

merched (“girls”) + -os → merchetos (“little girls”)

tai (“houses”) + -os → teios (“small houses”)

diminutive suffix, usually indicating an element of endearment

bedw (“birch”) + -os → bedwos (“birch grove, place where birch grow”)

grug (“heather”) + -os → grugos (“heath”)

brwyn (“rushes”) + -os → brwynos (“brwynos”)

area characterised by a particular plant


stigma

stigmâu (plural)
stigma (mutation mutation-radical)

stigma, mark on the body corresponding to one of the wounds of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ


pont

pontydd (plural)
pont (mutation mutation-radical)
bont (mutation mutation-soft)
mhont (mutation mutation-nasal)
phont (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh pont, from Old Welsh pont, from Proto-Brythonic *pont, a borrowing from Latin pōns, pontem. Cognate with Cornish pons, Breton pont.

A fo ben bid bont.

Let him who would be a leader be a bridge.


anti

antis (plural)
anti (mutation mutation-radical)
hanti (mutation prothesis-h)


-as

teyrn (“monarch, king”) + -as → teyrnas (“kingdom”)

bardd (“poet”) + -as → barddas (“poetry”)

urdd (“order, guild”) + -as → urddas (“honour, dignity”)


-as

(South Wales) (colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person singular preterite


post

pyst (plural)
post (mutation mutation-radical)
bost (mutation mutation-soft)
mhost (mutation mutation-nasal)
phost (mutation mutation-aspirate)


toc

toc (mutation mutation-radical)
doc (mutation mutation-soft)
nhoc (mutation mutation-nasal)
thoc (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Toc daw'r stemar bach i'w towio.

Soon the little steamer will come to tow them.

Tan toc!


lamp

cy-noun

lamp m or f (plural lampau, not mutable)


oriel

oriel m or f (plural orielau or orielydd or orieli)

orielau (plural)
orielydd (plural)
orieli (plural)
oriel (mutation mutation-radical)
horiel (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle English oriel, from Old French oriol (“gallery, corridor”), Late Latin oriolum (“portico, hall”), probably from Latin aureolus (“gilded”), applied to an apartment decorated with gilding.


A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called acen ddisgynedig (“descended accent”) in Welsh, and found on À/à, È/è, Ì/ì, Ò/ò, Ù/ù, Ẁ/ẁ and Ỳ/ỳ.


lai

llai (mutation mutation-radical)
lai (mutation mutation-soft)


gin

(colloquial) (North Wales) first-person singular of gan

(colloquial) (North Wales) second-person singular of gan


flog

blog (mutation mutation-radical)
flog (mutation mutation-soft)
mlog (mutation mutation-nasal)


-us

From Middle Welsh -us, from Proto-Brythonic *-ʉs, from Latin -ōsus. Cognate with Cornish -us, Breton -us and English -ous.

blas (“taste”) + -us → blasus (“tasty”)

gwybod (“to know”) + -us → gwybodus (“knowledgeable”)

anffawd (“misfortune”) + -us → anffodus (“unfortunate”)

adjectival suffix often indicating a characteristic, propensity or abundance

chemical nomenclature
chemical nomenclature#English

chemical compound
chemical compound#English

chemical element
chemical element#English

oxidation number
oxidation number#English

(chemistry) -ous, Used in chemical nomenclature to name chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -ig. For example asid nitrus (“nitrous acid, HNO₂”) has fewer oxygen atoms per molecule than asid nitrig (“nitric acid, HNO₃”).


prifysgol

prifysgolion (plural)
prifysgol (mutation mutation-radical)
brifysgol (mutation mutation-soft)
mhrifysgol (mutation mutation-nasal)
phrifysgol (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From prif- (“chief”) + ysgol (“school”).


heddlu

heddlu m (plural heddluoedd, not mutable)

From hedd (“peace”) + llu (“host, force”). Compare Cornish kreslu.


lwcus

cy-adj

lwcus (feminine singular lwcus, plural lwcus, equative lwcused, comparative lwcusach, superlative lwcusaf, not mutable)

lwcus (feminine singular)
lwcus (plural)
lwcused (equative)
lwcusach (comparative)
lwcusaf (superlative)


gyrwynt

gyrwyntoedd (plural)
gyrwynt (mutation mutation-radical)
yrwynt (mutation mutation-soft)
ngyrwynt (mutation mutation-nasal)


hefyd

Probably derived from the same root as hafal (“equal”).

(dialectal, with negation) either, neither


Rwsia

From English Russia, from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ, “Rus”).

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


rhy

From Proto-Brythonic *rro, from Proto-Celtic *ɸro (“before, in front”), from Proto-Indo-European *pró.


rhy

rhy (mutation mutation-radical)
ry (mutation mutation-soft)

(literary) third-person singular present/future of rhoi


nid

From ni with the same meaning, perhaps with addition of yd (affirmative particle).

“Nid yma i gosbi mae athrawon,” meddai pennaeth Bro Myrddin

2022 October 12, “Fêpio ac ymddygiad gwael yn straen sylweddol ar athrawon”, in BBC Cymru Fyw:

“Teachers are not here to punish,” said the head of Bro Myrddin [School]

(formal) not (used before a word or phrase that has been moved before the main verb for emphasis)


canu

cy-verb

canu (first-person singular present canaf)

canaf (first-person present singular)
canaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
ceni (future indicative present second-person singular)
cân (future indicative present singular third-person)
cana (future indicative present singular third-person)
canwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
cenwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
canwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
canant (future indicative plural present third-person)
cenir (future impersonal indicative present)
canwn (conditional first-person singular)
canwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
canit (conditional second-person singular)
canit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
canai (conditional singular third-person)
canai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
canem (conditional first-person plural)
canem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
canech (conditional plural second-person)
canech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
canent (conditional plural third-person)
canent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
cenid (conditional impersonal)
cenid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
cenais (first-person preterite singular)
cenaist (preterite second-person singular)
canodd (preterite singular third-person)
canasom (first-person plural preterite)
canasoch (plural preterite second-person)
canasant (plural preterite third-person)
canwyd (impersonal preterite)
canaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
canasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
canasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
canasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
canasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
canasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
canasid (impersonal pluperfect)
canesid (impersonal pluperfect)
canwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
cenych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
cano (present singular subjunctive third-person)
canom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
canoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
canont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
caner (impersonal present subjunctive)
cân (imperative second-person singular)
cana (imperative second-person singular)
caned (imperative singular third-person)
canwn (first-person imperative plural)
cenwch (imperative plural second-person)
canwch (imperative plural second-person)
canent (imperative plural third-person)
caner (imperative impersonal)
canu (noun-from-verb)
canedig (participle)
canadwy (participle)
cana i (first-person future singular)
canaf i (first-person future singular)
cani di (future second-person singular)
canith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
caniff e (future singular third-person)
canwn ni (first-person future plural)
canwch chi (future plural second-person)
canan nhw (future plural third-person)
canwn i (conditional first-person singular)
canswn i (conditional first-person singular)
canet ti (conditional second-person singular)
canset ti (conditional second-person singular)
canai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
cansai fo (conditional singular third-person)
canen ni (conditional first-person plural)
cansen ni (conditional first-person plural)
canech chi (conditional plural second-person)
cansech chi (conditional plural second-person)
canen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
cansen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
canais i (first-person preterite singular)
canes i (first-person preterite singular)
canaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
canest ti (preterite second-person singular)
canodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
canon ni (first-person plural preterite)
canoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
canon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
cana (imperative second-person singular)
canwch (imperative plural second-person)
canu (mutation mutation-radical)
ganu (mutation mutation-soft)
nghanu (mutation mutation-nasal)
chanu (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh kanu, from Old Welsh canam (1sg. pres. conj.), from Proto-Brythonic *kėnɨd, from Proto-Celtic *kaneti, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂n-. Equivalent to cân (“song”) + -u.

to produce musical sounds (of instrument); to play or perform (on instrument)


sur

cy-adj

sur (feminine singular sur, plural surion, equative sured, comparative surach, superlative suraf, not mutable)

sur (feminine singular)
surion (plural)
sured (equative)
surach (comparative)
suraf (superlative)


pris

prisiau (plural)
prisoedd (plural)
pris (mutation mutation-radical)
bris (mutation mutation-soft)
mhris (mutation mutation-nasal)
phris (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle English pris, from Old French pris.


heb

hebof (first-person singular)
hebom (first-person plural)
hebot (second-person singular)
heboch (plural second-person)
hebddo m (singular third-person)
hebddi f (singular third-person)
hebddyn (plural third-person)
hebddo i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
hebdda i (first-person singular)
hebddon ni (first-person plural)
hebddot ti (second-person singular)
hebdda ti (second-person singular)
hebddoch chi (plural second-person)
hebddo fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
hebddi hi f (singular third-person)
hebddyn nhw (plural third-person)

From Middle Welsh heb, from Old Welsh hep, from Proto-Brythonic *heb, from Proto-Celtic *sekʷo- (compare Old Irish sech), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“follow”).

Wyt ti'n cymryd te heb siwgr?

Dw i heb gysgu.

(with a verbal noun) used to form negative perfect aspect

llythyr heb ei agor

(literally, “a letter without its opening”)

(with a possessive pronoun and verbal noun) used to form negative participle; un- -ed


rai

rhai (mutation mutation-radical)
rai (mutation mutation-soft)


mor

Perhaps related to mawr (“great, large”), compare Irish mór- (“great-, grand-”).


Arthur

Arthur (mutation mutation-radical)
Harthur (mutation prothesis-h)


-ad

dechrau (“to start, to begin”) + -ad → dechreuad (“start, beginning”)

teimlo (“to feel”) + -ad → teimlad (“feeling”)

dileu (“to delete, to erase”) + -ad → dilead (“deletion, erasure”)


-ad

From Proto-Brythonic *-ad, from earlier *-atus, a late (British) variant of *-ātus, used to form verbal nouns from Celtic ā-stem verbs.

cadw (“to keep”) + -ad → ceidwad (“keeper”)

galw (“to call”) + -ad → geilwad (“caller”)

suffix indicating an agent noun: -er, -or

Ewrop (“Europe”) + -ad → Ewropead (“European”)

Corea (“Korea”) + -ad → Coread (“Korean”)

Norwy (“Norway”) + -ad → Norwyad (“Norwegian”)

person who comes from somewhere or is classed by something, -ian, -ist


-ad

Borrowed from English -ate, altered in the same manner as basged (“basket”).

(chemistry) -ate, suffix denoting one of a group of related compounds - nitrad (“nitrate”), sylffad (“sulfate”).


haemoglobin

cy-noun

haemoglobin m (uncountable, not mutable)


benis

penis (mutation mutation-radical)
benis (mutation mutation-soft)
mhenis (mutation mutation-nasal)
phenis (mutation mutation-aspirate)


unan

third-person plural future colloquial of uno


-i

From Proto-Brythonic *-i, from Proto-Celtic *-esa, plural ending of neuter s-stems like *tegos (“house”) (whence Welsh tŷ, plural tai < *tegos, plural *tegesa). Cognate with Cornish -i.

plwyf (“parish”) + -i → plwyfi (“parishes”)

maen (“stone”) + -i → meini (“stones”)

toiled (“toilet”) + -i → toiledi (“toilets”)


-i

From Old Welsh -im, from Proto-Brythonic *-iβ̃.


-i

diog (“lazy”) + -i → diogi (“laziness”)

truan (“poor, wretched”) + -i → trueni (“pity, shame”)

tlawd (“poor”) + -i → tlodi (“poverty”)


-i

Wil + -i → Wili

Siân + -i → Siani

mam (“mother, mum”) + -i → mami (“mummy”)


-i

(literary) verb suffix for the second-person singular present indicative/future

(colloquial) verb suffix for the second-person singular future


campus

cy-adj

campus (feminine singular campus, plural campus, equative campused, comparative campusach, superlative campusaf)

campus (feminine singular)
campus (plural)
campused (equative)
campusach (comparative)
campusaf (superlative)
campus (mutation mutation-radical)
gampus (mutation mutation-soft)
nghampus (mutation mutation-nasal)
champus (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From camp (“feat, accomplishment”) + -us.


haber

aber (mutation mutation-radical)
haber (mutation prothesis-h)


Lowri

a female given name, equivalent to English Laura


lyn

glyn (mutation mutation-radical)
lyn (mutation mutation-soft)
nglyn (mutation mutation-nasal)


lyn

llyn (mutation mutation-radical)
lyn (mutation mutation-soft)


er-

er- (mutation mutation-radical)
her- (mutation prothesis-h)

er- + glynu (“to attach”) → erlyn (“to pursue, prosecute”)


rith

rhith (mutation mutation-radical)
rith (mutation mutation-soft)


ond

Contraction of onid, from o (“if”) + nid (“not”).


glan

glannau (plural)
glennydd (plural)
glan (mutation mutation-radical)
lan (mutation mutation-soft)
nglan (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh glann, from Proto-Brythonic *glann, from Proto-Celtic *glannos; see *glendos.


ith

ithion (plural)
ithau (plural)
ith (mutation mutation-radical)
hith (mutation prothesis-h)

(not in science) particle, atom, a grain


ri

rhi (mutation mutation-radical)
ri (mutation mutation-soft)


warden

cy-noun

warden m (plural wardeniaid or wardeiniaid)

wardeniaid (plural)
wardeiniaid (plural)


crwth

crythau (plural)
crwth (mutation mutation-radical)
grwth (mutation mutation-soft)
nghrwth (mutation mutation-nasal)
chrwth (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh crwth, from Proto-Brythonic *kruθ, from Proto-Celtic *kruttos (“round thing”), perhaps related to Latvian krūtis (“breast, bust”), from Proto-Indo-European *krū̆t; but it could instead be loaned from a non-Indo-European substrate. Possibly related to Proto-Celtic *krundis (“round”). Compare Old Irish crott (“harp, lute”).

hump, hunch on the back, convexity; hunchback; hunchbacked, rounded, bent, convex

anything of round or bulging shape, especially a vessel, basket, box


nad

From na with the same meaning, perhaps with addition of yd (affirmative particle).

Mae e’n dweud nad athro yw ef.

(formal) that … not (introduces a negative noun clause, marking it for emphasis)

Mae e’n dweud nad ydy e’n mynd.

that … not (introduces a negative noun clause, used before a vowel)


bas

cy-adj

bas (feminine singular bas, plural beision, equative based, comparative basach, superlative basaf)

bas (feminine singular)
beision (plural)
based (equative)
basach (comparative)
basaf (superlative)

From Middle Welsh bas, from Old French bas, from Latin bassus (“short, low”).

Paid â neidio i mewn i ben bas y pwll.

Don't jump into the shallow end of the pool.


bas

Borrowed from Latin basis (“foundation, base”) and from English base.

Y nod yw taro'r bêl gyda'r bat a rhedeg i gyrraedd cynifer ag sydd modd o'r basau nes cyrraedd yn ôl i'r bas cychwynnol.

The aim is to hit the ball with the bat and run in order to reach as many of the bases as possible until you arrive back at the initial base.


bas

Borrowed from English bass or perhaps the same word as the first definition above.

Mae e'n canu bas.


bas

basau (plural)
bas (mutation mutation-radical)
fas (mutation mutation-soft)
mas (mutation mutation-nasal)


min

minion (plural)
min (mutation mutation-radical)
fin (mutation mutation-soft)

According to Stokes, from Proto-Celtic *maknā, *meknos, from Proto-Indo-European *mak-, *maks- (“bag, bellows, belly”), see also English maw.


sesh

(colloquial) sesh, session (period of time engaged in some group activity)

(colloquial) sesh (period of sustained social drinking)


ardal

ardaloedd (plural)
ardal (mutation mutation-radical)
hardal (mutation prothesis-h)


Aberteifi

Aberteifi (mutation mutation-radical)
Haberteifi (mutation prothesis-h)

From aber (“estuary, mouth”) + Teifi (“(River) Teifi”); literally "mouth of the river Teifi".

compound

Cardigan (a town in Ceredigion county borough, Wales)


ro

rho (mutation mutation-radical)
ro (mutation mutation-soft)


punt

punnoedd (plural)
punnau (plural)
punt (mutation mutation-radical)
bunt (mutation mutation-soft)
mhunt (mutation mutation-nasal)
phunt (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Costiodd yr holl adeiladau hyn tua deg a thrigain mil o bunnau.

1874 May 20, “Llundain a'ch "Ewyrth"”, in Baner ac Amserau Cymru, page 13:

All these buildings cost about seventy thousand pounds.


aller

galler (mutation mutation-radical)
aller (mutation mutation-soft)
ngaller (mutation mutation-nasal)


poster

posteri (plural)
poster (mutation mutation-radical)
boster (mutation mutation-soft)
mhoster (mutation mutation-nasal)
phoster (mutation mutation-aspirate)


pili-pala

cy-noun

pili-pala m (plural pili-palaod or pili-palas)

pili-palaod (plural)
pili-palas (plural)
pili-pala (mutation mutation-radical)
bili-pala (mutation mutation-soft)
mhili-pala (mutation mutation-nasal)
phili-pala (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Awen

Awen (mutation mutation-radical)
Hawen (mutation prothesis-h)

a female given name, meaning inspiration


gamp

camp (mutation mutation-radical)
gamp (mutation mutation-soft)
nghamp (mutation mutation-nasal)
champ (mutation mutation-aspirate)


potasiwm

potasiwm (mutation mutation-radical)
botasiwm (mutation mutation-soft)
mhotasiwm (mutation mutation-nasal)
photasiwm (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from English potassium, from Dutch potasch (“potash”). Doublet of pot.


-ir

(literary) verb suffix for the impersonal present indicative/future


bump

pump (mutation mutation-radical)
bump (mutation mutation-soft)
mhump (mutation mutation-nasal)
phump (mutation mutation-aspirate)


flows

blows (mutation mutation-radical)
flows (mutation mutation-soft)
mlows (mutation mutation-nasal)


tab

tabiau (plural)
tabs (plural)
tab (mutation mutation-radical)
dab (mutation mutation-soft)
nhab (mutation mutation-nasal)
thab (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Mae gen ti ormod o dabiau ar agor.

Rho fe ar y tab.


brig

brig (mutation mutation-radical)
frig (mutation mutation-soft)
mrig (mutation mutation-nasal)

Morris Jones derives it from Proto-Celtic *krīkʷā (“trench; boundary”) [see crib (“comb; ridge”)], by metathesis.


tes

tesoedd (plural)
tes (mutation mutation-radical)
des (mutation mutation-soft)
nhes (mutation mutation-nasal)
thes (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh tes, from Proto-Brythonic *tes, from Proto-Celtic *texstus, from Proto-Indo-European *tep-. Cognate with Irish teas.


glas

cy-adj

glas (feminine singular glas, plural gleision, equative glased, comparative glasach, superlative glasaf)

glas (feminine singular)
gleision (plural)
glased (equative)
glasach (comparative)
glasaf (superlative)
glas (mutation mutation-radical)
las (mutation mutation-soft)
nglas (mutation mutation-nasal)

Inherited from Middle Welsh and Old Welsh glas, from Proto-Brythonic *glas, from Proto-Celtic *glastos.
Related to glân (“clean”), arsenig (“arsenic”), and clorin (“chlorine”).
Cognate with Cornish glas (“blue, green, grey”), Breton glas (“blue”), Irish glas (“green, grey”), Scottish Gaelic glas (“grey, green, unripe”) and Manx glass (“green, grey, pale, raw”).

glasu

to turn pale, grey or blue; to become green or verdant

glaswelw brych las

grey fleabitten grey, grey speckled grey

(archaic) green (of plants), verdant, unripe

(archaic) pale blue or green, slate-coloured

Panig wedi'r poen. / "My God its only a little girl" / Meddai'r glas filwr.


glas

clas (mutation mutation-radical)
glas (mutation mutation-soft)
nghlas (mutation mutation-nasal)
chlas (mutation mutation-aspirate)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


rodio

rhodio (mutation mutation-radical)
rodio (mutation mutation-soft)


goes

coes (mutation mutation-radical)
goes (mutation mutation-soft)
nghoes (mutation mutation-nasal)
choes (mutation mutation-aspirate)


caru

cy-verb

caru (first-person singular present caraf)

caraf (first-person present singular)
caraf (first-person future indicative present singular)
ceri (future indicative present second-person singular)
câr (future indicative present singular third-person)
cara (future indicative present singular third-person)
carwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
cerwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
carwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
carant (future indicative plural present third-person)
cerir (future impersonal indicative present)
carwn (conditional first-person singular)
carwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
carit (conditional second-person singular)
carit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
carai (conditional singular third-person)
carai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
carem (conditional first-person plural)
carem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
carech (conditional plural second-person)
carech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
carent (conditional plural third-person)
carent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
cerid (conditional impersonal)
cerid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
cerais (first-person preterite singular)
ceraist (preterite second-person singular)
carodd (preterite singular third-person)
carasom (first-person plural preterite)
carasoch (plural preterite second-person)
carasant (plural preterite third-person)
carwyd (impersonal preterite)
caraswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
carasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
carasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
carasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
carasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
carasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
carasid (impersonal pluperfect)
caresid (impersonal pluperfect)
carwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
cerych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
caro (present singular subjunctive third-person)
carom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
caroch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
caront (plural present subjunctive third-person)
carer (impersonal present subjunctive)
cara (imperative second-person singular)
cared (imperative singular third-person)
carwn (first-person imperative plural)
cerwch (imperative plural second-person)
carwch (imperative plural second-person)
carent (imperative plural third-person)
carer (imperative impersonal)
caru (noun-from-verb)
caredig (participle)
caradwy (participle)
cara i (first-person future singular)
caraf i (first-person future singular)
cari di (future second-person singular)
carith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
cariff e (future singular third-person)
carwn ni (first-person future plural)
carwch chi (future plural second-person)
caran nhw (future plural third-person)
carwn i (conditional first-person singular)
carswn i (conditional first-person singular)
caret ti (conditional second-person singular)
carset ti (conditional second-person singular)
carai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
carsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
caren ni (conditional first-person plural)
carsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
carech chi (conditional plural second-person)
carsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
caren nhw (conditional plural third-person)
carsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
carais i (first-person preterite singular)
cares i (first-person preterite singular)
caraist ti (preterite second-person singular)
carest ti (preterite second-person singular)
carodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
caron ni (first-person plural preterite)
caroch chi (plural preterite second-person)
caron nhw (plural preterite third-person)
cara (imperative second-person singular)
carwch (imperative plural second-person)
caru (mutation mutation-radical)
garu (mutation mutation-soft)
ngharu (mutation mutation-nasal)
charu (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Brythonic *karɨd, from Proto-Celtic *kareti (“to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”).

der

cariad

love, charity, affection; beloved (one); lover, sweetheart, darling


-son

(colloquial) verb suffix for the first-person plural preterite

(colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person plural preterite


ie

From Middle Welsh ief, ieu, from Proto-Brythonic *ī semos (“that is so”).

Ai ef yw dy dad? Ie, dyna ef.

Ife fe yw dy dad? Ie, dyna fe.


ll

Ll (uppercase)
llawen (mutation mutation-radical)
lawen (mutation mutation-soft)

The sixteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èll and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by l and followed by m.


tandem

tandemau (plural)
tandem (mutation mutation-radical)
dandem (mutation mutation-soft)
nhandem (mutation mutation-nasal)
thandem (mutation mutation-aspirate)


crib

cribau (plural)
crib (mutation mutation-radical)
grib (mutation mutation-soft)
nghrib (mutation mutation-nasal)
chrib (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh crib, from Old Welsh crip, from Proto-Celtic *krīkʷā.


arch-

arch- (mutation mutation-radical)
harch- (mutation prothesis-h)

From Latin archi- or English arch-. Cognate with Cornish argh-.

arch- + angel (“angel”) → archangel (“archangel”)

arch- + marchnad (“market”) → archfarchnad (“supermarket”)

arch- + esgobaeth (“bishopric”) → archesgobaeth (“archbishopric, primacy”)


-et

(colloquial) verb suffix for the second-person singular conditional


fu

bu (mutation mutation-radical)
fu (mutation mutation-soft)
mu (mutation mutation-nasal)


gallio

callio (mutation mutation-radical)
gallio (mutation mutation-soft)
nghallio (mutation mutation-nasal)
challio (mutation mutation-aspirate)


bod

wyf (first-person present singular)
wyf (first-person present progressive singular)
ydwyf (first-person present progressive singular)
wyt (present progressive second-person singular)
ydwyt (present progressive second-person singular)
mae (present progressive singular third-person)
yw (present progressive singular third-person)
ydyw (present progressive singular third-person)
ydy (present progressive singular third-person)
ydi (present progressive singular third-person)
oes (present progressive singular third-person)
sydd (present progressive singular third-person)
sy (present progressive singular third-person)
ŷm (first-person plural present progressive)
ydym (first-person plural present progressive)
ŷch (plural present progressive second-person)
ydych (plural present progressive second-person)
maent (plural present progressive third-person)
ŷnt (plural present progressive third-person)
ydynt (plural present progressive third-person)
ys (impersonal present progressive)
ydys (impersonal present progressive)
byddaf (first-person singular)
byddi (second-person singular)
bydd (singular third-person)
byddwn (first-person plural)
byddwch (plural second-person)
byddant (plural third-person)
byddir (impersonal)
byddys (impersonal)
oeddwn (conditional first-person singular)
oeddwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
oeddit (conditional second-person singular)
oeddit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
oeddet (conditional second-person singular)
oeddet (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
oedd (conditional singular third-person)
oedd (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
ydoedd (conditional singular third-person)
ydoedd (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
oeddem (conditional first-person plural)
oeddem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
oeddech (conditional plural second-person)
oeddech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
oeddynt (conditional plural third-person)
oeddynt (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
oeddent (conditional plural third-person)
oeddent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
oeddid (conditional impersonal)
oeddid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
byddwn (first-person singular)
byddit (second-person singular)
byddai (singular third-person)
byddem (first-person plural)
byddech (plural second-person)
byddent (plural third-person)
byddid (impersonal)
bûm (first-person preterite singular)
buost (preterite second-person singular)
bu (preterite singular third-person)
buom (first-person plural preterite)
buoch (plural preterite second-person)
buont (plural preterite third-person)
buant (plural preterite third-person)
buwyd (impersonal preterite)
buaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
buasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
buasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
buasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
buasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
buasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
buasid (impersonal pluperfect)
buesid (impersonal pluperfect)
petaswn (first-person singular)
petasit (second-person singular)
petasai (singular third-person)
petasem (first-person plural)
petasech (plural second-person)
petasent (plural third-person)
bwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
byddwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
byddych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
byddech (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
byddo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bôm (first-person plural present subjunctive)
byddom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
boch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
byddoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bônt (plural present subjunctive third-person)
byddont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bydder (impersonal present subjunctive)
bawn (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
byddwn (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
bait (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
baet (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
byddit (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
byddet (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
bai (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
bae (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
byddai (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
baem (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
byddem (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
baech (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
byddech (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
baent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
byddent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
byddid (imperfect impersonal subjunctive)
petawn (first-person singular)
petait (second-person singular)
petaet (second-person singular)
petai (singular third-person)
petaem (first-person plural)
petaech (plural second-person)
petaent (plural third-person)
bydd (imperative second-person singular)
bydda (imperative second-person singular)
bydded (imperative singular third-person)
boed (imperative singular third-person)
bid (imperative singular third-person)
byddwn (first-person imperative plural)
byddwch (imperative plural second-person)
byddent (imperative plural third-person)
bydder (imperative impersonal)
bod (noun-from-verb)
bodedig (participle)
bodadwy (participle)
dw i (affirmative first-person present singular)
dwi (affirmative first-person present singular)
rw i (affirmative first-person present singular)
rwy (affirmative first-person present singular)
w i (affirmative first-person present singular)
rwyt ti (affirmative present second-person singular)
mae e (affirmative present singular third-person)
o (affirmative present singular third-person)
hi (affirmative present singular third-person)
ma' fe (affirmative present singular third-person)
ydy (affirmative present singular third-person)
yw (affirmative present singular third-person)
sy (affirmative present singular third-person)
dyn ni (affirmative first-person plural present)
dan ni (affirmative first-person plural present)
ŷn ni (affirmative first-person plural present)
dach chi (affirmative plural present second-person)
ych chi (affirmative plural present second-person)
dych chi (affirmative plural present second-person)
maen nhw (affirmative plural present third-person)
dydw i ddim (first-person negative present singular)
dw i ddim (first-person negative present singular)
w i ddim (first-person negative present singular)
sa i (first-person negative present singular)
dwyt ti ddim (negative present second-person singular)
ti ddim (negative present second-person singular)
so ti (negative present second-person singular)
dydy e (negative present singular third-person)
o (negative present singular third-person)
hi ddim (negative present singular third-person)
tydy o (negative present singular third-person)
dyw e (negative present singular third-person)
so fe (negative present singular third-person)
hi (negative present singular third-person)
does dim (negative present singular third-person)
sy ddim (negative present singular third-person)
dyn ni ddim (first-person negative plural present)
dydyn ni ddim (first-person negative plural present)
dan ni ddim (first-person negative plural present)
dydan ni ddim (first-person negative plural present)
ŷn ni ddim (first-person negative plural present)
so ni (first-person negative plural present)
dydych chi ddim (negative plural present second-person)
dach chi ddim (negative plural present second-person)
dydach chi ddim (negative plural present second-person)
ych chi ddim (negative plural present second-person)
chi ddim (negative plural present second-person)
so chi (negative plural present second-person)
dydyn nhw ddim (negative plural present third-person)
ŷn nhw ddim (negative plural present third-person)
so nhw (negative plural present third-person)
ydw i (first-person present singular)
wyt ti (present second-person singular)
ydy e (present singular third-person)
o (present singular third-person)
hi (present singular third-person)
yw e (present singular third-person)
oes (present singular third-person)
sy (present singular third-person)
ydan ni (first-person plural present)
ŷn ni (first-person plural present)
ydych chi (plural present second-person)
dach chi (plural present second-person)
ydach chi (plural present second-person)
ych chi (plural present second-person)
ydyn nhw (plural present third-person)
ŷn nhw (plural present third-person)
roeddwn i (affirmative first-person imperfect singular)
o’n i (affirmative first-person imperfect singular)
roeddet ti (affirmative imperfect second-person singular)
o’t ti (affirmative imperfect second-person singular)
roedd e (affirmative imperfect singular third-person)
o (affirmative imperfect singular third-person)
hi (affirmative imperfect singular third-person)
oedd e (affirmative imperfect singular third-person)
o’dd e (affirmative imperfect singular third-person)
roedden ni (affirmative first-person imperfect plural)
o’n ni (affirmative first-person imperfect plural)
roeddech chi (affirmative imperfect plural second-person)
o’ch chi (affirmative imperfect plural second-person)
roedden nhw (affirmative imperfect plural third-person)
o’n nhw (affirmative imperfect plural third-person)
doeddwn i ddim (first-person imperfect negative singular)
o’n i ddim (first-person imperfect negative singular)
do’n i ddim (first-person imperfect negative singular)
doeddet ti ddim (imperfect negative second-person singular)
o’t ti ddim (imperfect negative second-person singular)
do’t ti ddim (imperfect negative second-person singular)
doedd e (imperfect negative singular third-person)
o (imperfect negative singular third-person)
hi ddim (imperfect negative singular third-person)
oedd e (imperfect negative singular third-person)
o’dd e (imperfect negative singular third-person)
do’dd e (imperfect negative singular third-person)
doedden ni ddim (first-person imperfect negative plural)
o’n ni ddim (first-person imperfect negative plural)
do’n ni ddim (first-person imperfect negative plural)
doeddech chi ddim (imperfect negative plural second-person)
o’ch chi ddim (imperfect negative plural second-person)
do’ch chi ddim (imperfect negative plural second-person)
doedden nhw ddim (imperfect negative plural third-person)
o’n nhw ddim (imperfect negative plural third-person)
do’n nhw ddim (imperfect negative plural third-person)
oeddwn i (first-person imperfect singular)
o’n i (first-person imperfect singular)
oeddet ti (imperfect second-person singular)
o’t ti (imperfect second-person singular)
oedd e (imperfect singular third-person)
o (imperfect singular third-person)
hi (imperfect singular third-person)
o’dd e (imperfect singular third-person)
oedden ni (first-person imperfect plural)
o’n ni (first-person imperfect plural)
oeddech chi (imperfect plural second-person)
o’ch chi (imperfect plural second-person)
oedden nhw (imperfect plural third-person)
o’n nhw (imperfect plural third-person)
bues i (first-person preterite singular)
buest ti (preterite second-person singular)
buodd e (preterite singular third-person)
o (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
bu (preterite singular third-person)
buon ni (first-person plural preterite)
buoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
buon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
bydda i (first-person future singular)
’dda i (first-person future singular)
byddi di (future second-person singular)
bydd e (future singular third-person)
o (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
byddwn ni (first-person future plural)
byddwch chi (future plural second-person)
byddan nhw (future plural third-person)
byddwn i (conditional first-person singular)
baswn i (conditional first-person singular)
swn i (conditional first-person singular)
byddet ti (conditional second-person singular)
baset ti (conditional second-person singular)
set ti (conditional second-person singular)
byddai fe (conditional singular third-person)
fo (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
basai fe (conditional singular third-person)
sa fo (conditional singular third-person)
se fe (conditional singular third-person)
bydden ni (conditional first-person plural)
basen ni (conditional first-person plural)
sen ni (conditional first-person plural)
byddech chi (conditional plural second-person)
basech chi (conditional plural second-person)
sech chi (conditional plural second-person)
bydden nhw (conditional plural third-person)
basen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
sen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
taswn i (first-person singular)
bawn i (first-person singular)
tawn i (first-person singular)
taset ti (second-person singular)
baet ti (second-person singular)
taet ti (second-person singular)
tasai fe (singular third-person)
fo (singular third-person)
hi (singular third-person)
bai fe (singular third-person)
tai fe (singular third-person)
tasen ni (first-person plural)
baen ni (first-person plural)
taen ni (first-person plural)
tasech chi (plural second-person)
baech chi (plural second-person)
taech chi (plural second-person)
tasen nhw (plural third-person)
baen nhw (plural third-person)
taen nhw (plural third-person)
bydd (imperative second-person singular)
bydda (imperative second-person singular)
byddwch (imperative plural second-person)
bod (mutation mutation-radical)
fod (mutation mutation-soft)
mod (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh bot, from Proto-Celtic *butā (cf. Cornish bos, Breton bout), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be, become”); all the b- initial forms are from the same root. The vowel-initial forms as well as sy(dd) are from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).
The present-progressive forms with yd- (ydwyf, etc.), and hence the colloquial present-affirmative forms with d- (dw, etc.), are from the affirmative particle yd. Colloquial affirmative forms with r- (rwyt, roeddwn, etc.) are from the affirmative particle yr. Colloquial negative forms with d- (dydw, does, doeddwn, etc.) are from the negative particle nid.
The third-person singular present mae originally meant ‘here is’ and is from the same source as yma (“here”) plus Proto-Celtic *esti. The third-person plural maent (colloquial maen) is derived from the singular by adding the third-person plural verb ending -nt.
Counterfactual forms such as petaswn and taswn are from univerbation with pe (“if”) + yd (affirmative particle).

Used with yn to form various tenses with progressive or stative meaning

Used with wedi to form various tenses with perfect meaning

Dw i’n meddwl (ei) bod hi’n ddoniol.

Mae hi’n meddwl (fy) mod i’n dod.

Roedd Eleri yn dweud (dy) fod di’n sâl.

that... is, that... are, etc. (personal forms: (fy) mod i, (dy) fod di, (ei) fod e/o, (ei) bod hi, (ein) bod ni, (eich) bod chi, (eu) bod nhw)