aduno

cy-verb

aduno (first-person singular present adunaf)

adunaf (first-person present singular)
adunaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
aduni (future indicative present second-person singular)
aduna (future indicative present singular third-person)
adunwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
adunwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
adunant (future indicative plural present third-person)
adunir (future impersonal indicative present)
adunwn (conditional first-person singular)
adunwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
adunit (conditional second-person singular)
adunit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
adunai (conditional singular third-person)
adunai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
adunem (conditional first-person plural)
adunem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
adunech (conditional plural second-person)
adunech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
adunent (conditional plural third-person)
adunent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
adunid (conditional impersonal)
adunid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
adunais (first-person preterite singular)
adunaist (preterite second-person singular)
adunodd (preterite singular third-person)
adunasom (first-person plural preterite)
adunasoch (plural preterite second-person)
adunasant (plural preterite third-person)
adunwyd (impersonal preterite)
adunaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
adunasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
adunasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
adunasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
adunasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
adunasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
adunasid (impersonal pluperfect)
adunesid (impersonal pluperfect)
adunwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
adunych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
aduno (present singular subjunctive third-person)
adunom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
adunoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
adunont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
aduner (impersonal present subjunctive)
aduna (imperative second-person singular)
aduned (imperative singular third-person)
adunwn (first-person imperative plural)
adunwch (imperative plural second-person)
adunent (imperative plural third-person)
aduner (imperative impersonal)
aduno (noun-from-verb)
adunedig (participle)
adunadwy (participle)
aduna i (first-person future singular)
adunaf i (first-person future singular)
aduni di (future second-person singular)
adunith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
aduniff e (future singular third-person)
adunwn ni (first-person future plural)
adunwch chi (future plural second-person)
adunan nhw (future plural third-person)
adunwn i (conditional first-person singular)
adunswn i (conditional first-person singular)
adunet ti (conditional second-person singular)
adunset ti (conditional second-person singular)
adunai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
adunsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
adunen ni (conditional first-person plural)
adunsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
adunech chi (conditional plural second-person)
adunsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
adunen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
adunsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
adunais i (first-person preterite singular)
adunes i (first-person preterite singular)
adunaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
adunest ti (preterite second-person singular)
adunodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
adunon ni (first-person plural preterite)
adunoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
adunon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
aduna (imperative second-person singular)
adunwch (imperative plural second-person)
aduno (mutation mutation-radical)
haduno (mutation prothesis-h)


fatha

From yr (“the”) + un (“one”) + fath (“kind”) + â (“as”).

com

Dw i fatha bechdan heddiw.

I'm good for nothing today. (literally, "I'm like a sandwich today.")


salamandr

cy-noun

salamandr m (plural salamandrau, not mutable)


seler

seler f (plural selerau or seleri, not mutable)

Borrowed from Middle English celer or perhaps directly from Anglo-Norman celer.


merchig

merchigion (plural)
merchig (mutation mutation-radical)
ferchig (mutation mutation-soft)


genethig

genethigion (plural)
genethig (mutation mutation-radical)
enethig (mutation mutation-soft)
ngenethig (mutation mutation-nasal)


af-

af- (mutation mutation-radical)
haf- (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *aβ̃-, from Proto-Celtic *am-, allophonic variant of *an- before *b and *ɸ.

af- + glân (“clean; honest”) → aflan (“corrupt, evil”)

af- + llwyddiannus (“successful”) → aflwyddiannus (“unsuccessful”)

af- + rhwydd (“easy”) → afrwydd (“difficult”)

af- + iechyd (“health”) → afiechyd (“sickness, illness”)

not, un-, non-, an-, dis-, negative prefix


oen

ŵyn (plural)
oen (mutation mutation-radical)
hoen (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *oɣn, from Proto-Celtic *ognos (compare Breton oan, Old Irish úan, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷnós (“lamb”).


myr

byr (mutation mutation-radical)
fyr (mutation mutation-soft)
myr (mutation mutation-nasal)


melodi

melodïau (plural)
melodi (mutation mutation-radical)
felodi (mutation mutation-soft)


trafod

cy-verb

trafod (first-person singular present trafodaf)

trafodaf (first-person present singular)
trafodaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
trafodi (future indicative present second-person singular)
trafoda (future indicative present singular third-person)
trafodwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
trafodwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
trafodant (future indicative plural present third-person)
trafodir (future impersonal indicative present)
trafodwn (conditional first-person singular)
trafodwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
trafodit (conditional second-person singular)
trafodit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
trafodai (conditional singular third-person)
trafodai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
trafodem (conditional first-person plural)
trafodem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
trafodech (conditional plural second-person)
trafodech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
trafodent (conditional plural third-person)
trafodent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
trafodid (conditional impersonal)
trafodid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
trafodais (first-person preterite singular)
trafodaist (preterite second-person singular)
trafododd (preterite singular third-person)
trafodasom (first-person plural preterite)
trafodasoch (plural preterite second-person)
trafodasant (plural preterite third-person)
trafodwyd (impersonal preterite)
trafodaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
trafodasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
trafodasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
trafodasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
trafodasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
trafodasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
trafodasid (impersonal pluperfect)
trafodesid (impersonal pluperfect)
trafodwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
trafodych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
trafodo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
trafodom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
trafodoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
trafodont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
trafoder (impersonal present subjunctive)
trafoda (imperative second-person singular)
trafoded (imperative singular third-person)
trafodwn (first-person imperative plural)
trafodwch (imperative plural second-person)
trafodent (imperative plural third-person)
trafoder (imperative impersonal)
trafod (noun-from-verb)
trafodedig (participle)
trafodadwy (participle)
trafoda i (first-person future singular)
trafodaf i (first-person future singular)
trafodi di (future second-person singular)
trafodith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
trafodiff e (future singular third-person)
trafodwn ni (first-person future plural)
trafodwch chi (future plural second-person)
trafodan nhw (future plural third-person)
trafodwn i (conditional first-person singular)
trafodswn i (conditional first-person singular)
trafodet ti (conditional second-person singular)
trafodset ti (conditional second-person singular)
trafodai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
trafodsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
trafoden ni (conditional first-person plural)
trafodsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
trafodech chi (conditional plural second-person)
trafodsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
trafoden nhw (conditional plural third-person)
trafodsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
trafodais i (first-person preterite singular)
trafodes i (first-person preterite singular)
trafodaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
trafodest ti (preterite second-person singular)
trafododd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
trafodon ni (first-person plural preterite)
trafodoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
trafodon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
trafoda (imperative second-person singular)
trafodwch (imperative plural second-person)

tra- (“beyond, very”) + bod (“to be”). Alternatively, from traf- (“alternative form of tra”) + odi (“to throw, hurl”).

trafodaeth

discussion, negotiation; symposium, colloquy


trafod

cy-noun

trafod m or f (plural trafodion or trafodau)

trafodion (plural)
trafodau (plural)
trafod (mutation mutation-radical)
drafod (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrafod (mutation mutation-nasal)
thrafod (mutation mutation-aspirate)

labor, pains, trouble, commotion, battle

commerce, trade, business
(in the plural) (business) transactions

commerce, trade, business
(business) transactions

(in the plural) transactions (of learned society, etc.)


bla

pla (mutation mutation-radical)
bla (mutation mutation-soft)
mhla (mutation mutation-nasal)
phla (mutation mutation-aspirate)


baled

baledi (plural)
baled (mutation mutation-radical)
faled (mutation mutation-soft)
maled (mutation mutation-nasal)

From English ballad, from French ballade.


cynghanedd

cynganeddion (plural)
cynghanedd (mutation mutation-radical)
gynghanedd (mutation mutation-soft)
nghynghanedd (mutation mutation-nasal)
chynghanedd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

/kəŋˈhaːnɛð/


dodi

cy-verb

dodi (first-person singular present dodaf)

dodaf (first-person present singular)
dodaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
dodi (future indicative present second-person singular)
dyd (future indicative present singular third-person)
doda (future indicative present singular third-person)
dodwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
dodwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
dodant (future indicative plural present third-person)
dodir (future impersonal indicative present)
dodwn (conditional first-person singular)
dodwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
dodit (conditional second-person singular)
dodit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
dodai (conditional singular third-person)
dodai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
dodem (conditional first-person plural)
dodem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
dodech (conditional plural second-person)
dodech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
dodent (conditional plural third-person)
dodent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
dodid (conditional impersonal)
dodid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
dodais (first-person preterite singular)
dodaist (preterite second-person singular)
dododd (preterite singular third-person)
dodasom (first-person plural preterite)
dodasoch (plural preterite second-person)
dodasant (plural preterite third-person)
dodwyd (impersonal preterite)
dodaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
dodasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
dodasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
dodasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
dodasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
dodasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
dodasid (impersonal pluperfect)
dodesid (impersonal pluperfect)
dodwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
dodych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
dodo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
dodom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
dodoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
dodont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
doder (impersonal present subjunctive)
dod (imperative second-person singular)
doda (imperative second-person singular)
doded (imperative singular third-person)
dodwn (first-person imperative plural)
dodwch (imperative plural second-person)
dodent (imperative plural third-person)
doder (imperative impersonal)
dodi (noun-from-verb)
dodedig (participle)
dodadwy (participle)
doda i (first-person future singular)
dodaf i (first-person future singular)
dodi di (future second-person singular)
dodith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
dodiff e (future singular third-person)
dodwn ni (first-person future plural)
dodwch chi (future plural second-person)
dodan nhw (future plural third-person)
dodwn i (conditional first-person singular)
dodswn i (conditional first-person singular)
dodet ti (conditional second-person singular)
dodset ti (conditional second-person singular)
dodai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
dodsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
doden ni (conditional first-person plural)
dodsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
dodech chi (conditional plural second-person)
dodsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
doden nhw (conditional plural third-person)
dodsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
dodais i (first-person preterite singular)
dodes i (first-person preterite singular)
dodaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
dodest ti (preterite second-person singular)
dododd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
dodon ni (first-person plural preterite)
dodoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
dodon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
doda (imperative second-person singular)
dodwch (imperative plural second-person)
dodi (mutation mutation-radical)
ddodi (mutation mutation-soft)
nodi (mutation mutation-nasal)

From dy- (“to, together”) + odi (“to hurl”), the latter ultimately from *peth₂- (“to fall; fly”).


ú

The letter U, marked for its short pronunciation when in a stressed final syllable of a polysyllabic word.


forgi

morgi (mutation mutation-radical)
forgi (mutation mutation-soft)


pysgod

cy-noun

pysgod m (collective, singulative pysgodyn)

pysgodyn (singulative)
pysgod (mutation mutation-radical)
bysgod (mutation mutation-soft)
mhysgod (mutation mutation-nasal)
physgod (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh pysgawd, from Proto-Brythonic *pɨskọd, borrowed from Latin piscātus, past participle of piscor (“to fish”), from piscis (“fish”). Originally a plural counterpart to pysg, from Proto-Brythonic *pɨsk (compare Cornish pysk, Breton pesk), which has however been displaced by the derived singulative pysgodyn.


dalen

dalennau (plural)
dalenni (plural)
dalen (mutation mutation-radical)
ddalen (mutation mutation-soft)
nalen (mutation mutation-nasal)


dalen

talen (mutation mutation-radical)
dalen (mutation mutation-soft)
nhalen (mutation mutation-nasal)
thalen (mutation mutation-aspirate)


goffi

coffi (mutation mutation-radical)
goffi (mutation mutation-soft)
nghoffi (mutation mutation-nasal)
choffi (mutation mutation-aspirate)


acen ddyrchafedig
acen ddyrchafedig#Welsh

A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called acen ddyrchafedig (“raised accent”) in Welsh, and found on Á/á, É/é, Í/í, Ó/ó, Ú/ú, Ẃ/ẃ and Ý/ý.


lloerau

lloerau (mutation mutation-radical)
loerau (mutation mutation-soft)


deler

deler (mutation mutation-radical)
ddeler (mutation mutation-soft)
neler (mutation mutation-nasal)

(literary) present subjunctive impersonal of dod


doet

doet (mutation mutation-radical)
ddoet (mutation mutation-soft)
noet (mutation mutation-nasal)

second-person singular conditional colloquial of dod


gref

cref (mutation mutation-radical)
gref (mutation mutation-soft)
nghref (mutation mutation-nasal)
chref (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ydyn

(North Wales) third-person plural present interrogative colloquial of bod


cachais

cachais (mutation mutation-radical)
gachais (mutation mutation-soft)
nghachais (mutation mutation-nasal)
chachais (mutation mutation-aspirate)

first-person singular preterite of cachu


dyd

dyd (mutation mutation-radical)
ddyd (mutation mutation-soft)
nyd (mutation mutation-nasal)

(literary) third-person singular present/future of dodi


cachai

cachai (mutation mutation-radical)
gachai (mutation mutation-soft)
nghachai (mutation mutation-nasal)
chachai (mutation mutation-aspirate)

third-person singular present indicative/future colloquial of cachu


dicter

dicterau (plural)
dicter (mutation mutation-radical)
ddicter (mutation mutation-soft)
nicter (mutation mutation-nasal)


delo

delo (mutation mutation-radical)
ddelo (mutation mutation-soft)
nelo (mutation mutation-nasal)

(literary) third-person singular present subjunctive of dod


mêr

mêr m (collective, singulative merion or meirion)

merion (singulative)
meirion (singulative)
mêr (mutation mutation-radical)
fêr (mutation mutation-soft)

From Proto-Celtic *smerus (“marrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *smérus (“grease”). Cognate with Irish smior.

(uncountable) marrow (substance inside bones which produces blood cells)

(uncountable, figurative) marrow, best or most essential part of something


sef

From Middle Welsh ysef, yssef, from ys (“is”) + ef (“it”).


-it

(literary) verb suffix for the second-person singular imperfect/conditional


brest

brest m or f (plural brestiau or brestau or brestydd or brestys)

brestiau (plural)
brestau (plural)
brestydd (plural)
brestys (plural)
brest (mutation mutation-radical)
frest (mutation mutation-soft)
mrest (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh brest, from Middle English brest. Compare Cornish brest.


gwrthwynebair

gwrthwynebair m (plural gwrthwynebeiriau)

gwrthwynebeiriau (plural)
gwrthwynebair (mutation mutation-radical)
wrthwynebair (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwrthwynebair (mutation mutation-nasal)

From gwrthwyneb (“opposite, contrary”) + gair (“word”).

af

antonym (word which has the opposite meaning)


cwmwl

cymylau (plural)
cwmwl (mutation mutation-radical)
gwmwl (mutation mutation-soft)
nghwmwl (mutation mutation-nasal)
chwmwl (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh cwmwl, from Proto-Brythonic *kuml, from Vulgar Latin *cumblus, from Latin cumulus (compare Cornish kommol, Breton koumoul).


onn

onnen (singulative)
onn (mutation mutation-radical)
honn (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *onnā (compare Cornish/Breton onn), from Proto-Celtic *osnos (compare Old Irish uinnius), from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃s-(e)no-s (compare English ash, Latin ornus).


blodyn

blodau (plural)
blodyn (mutation mutation-radical)
flodyn (mutation mutation-soft)
mlodyn (mutation mutation-nasal)

From old plural blawd (“flowers”) + -yn, from Middle Welsh blawt, from Proto-Celtic *blātus (compare Cornish bleujen, Breton bleuñv, Irish bláth), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”).

der

Ti'n iawn, blodyn?


eos

cy-noun

eos f (plural eosiaid or eosydd or eosau)

eosiaid (plural)
eosydd (plural)
eosau (plural)
eos (mutation mutation-radical)
heos (mutation prothesis-h)

Luscinia megarhynchos
Luscinia megarhynchos#Translingual


noswaith dda

/ˌnɔswɛθ ˈðaː/

/ˌnɔswɛˈðaː/

/ˌnɔswɛθ ˈðaː/

/ˌnɔswɛˈðaː/


heli

From Proto-Celtic *sālos (“salt water”), from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”).


iechyd da

/ˌjɛχɨ̞d ˈdaː/

/ˌjɛχɪd ˈdaː/


prynhawn

prynhawn m (plural prynhawniau or prynhawnau)

prynhawniau (plural)
prynhawnau (plural)
prynhawn (mutation mutation-radical)
brynhawn (mutation mutation-soft)
mhrynhawn (mutation mutation-nasal)
phrynhawn (mutation mutation-aspirate)


p'nawn

p'nawnau (plural)
p'nawn (mutation mutation-radical)
b'nawn (mutation mutation-soft)
mh'nawn (mutation mutation-nasal)
ph'nawn (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(colloquial) Contraction of prynhawn (“afternoon”).


prydnawn

prydnawnau (plural)
prydnawn (mutation mutation-radical)
brydnawn (mutation mutation-soft)
mhrydnawn (mutation mutation-nasal)
phrydnawn (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Alternative spelling of prynhawn (“afternoon”)


carest

carest (mutation mutation-radical)
garest (mutation mutation-soft)
ngharest (mutation mutation-nasal)
charest (mutation mutation-aspirate)

second-person singular preterite colloquial of caru


TG

technoleg gwybodaeth
technoleg gwybodaeth#Welsh

Initialism of technoleg gwybodaeth (“information technology”).


cano

cano (mutation mutation-radical)
gano (mutation mutation-soft)
nghano (mutation mutation-nasal)
chano (mutation mutation-aspirate)

third-person singular present subjunctive of canu


mochyn

mochyn (mutation mutation-radical)
fochyn (mutation mutation-soft)


carreg

From Middle Welsh carrec, from Old Welsh carrecc, from Proto-Brythonic *karreg (compare Cornish karrek, Breton karreg), from Proto-Celtic *karrikā, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂er- (“hard”) (compare Old Armenian քար (kʻar, “stone”), Sanskrit खर (khara, “hard”)).


carreg

cy-adj

carreg (feminine singular carreg, plural cerrig, not comparable)

carreg (feminine singular)
cerrig (plural)
carreg (mutation mutation-radical)
garreg (mutation mutation-soft)
ngharreg (mutation mutation-nasal)
charreg (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Dw i'n byw mewn tŷ carreg.


athro

cy-noun

athro m (plural athrawon or athrawion, feminine athrawes)

athrawon (plural)
athrawion (plural)
athrawes (feminine)
athro (mutation mutation-radical)
hathro (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh athro (“teacher”), from Proto-Brythonic *alltrọw, from Proto-Celtic *altrawū (“foster-uncle”), from *aleti (“to nourish”). Related to Breton aotrou m (“lord, gentleman”). Doublet of alltraw (“godfather”).


llyn

llynnoedd (plural)
llynnau (plural)
llyn (mutation mutation-radical)
lyn (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh llynn, from Proto-Brythonic *llɨnn, from Proto-Celtic *lindos (“lake, liquid”).


llac

cy-adj

llac (feminine singular llac, plural llacion, equative llaced, comparative llacach, superlative llacaf)

llac (feminine singular)
llacion (plural)
llaced (equative)
llacach (comparative)
llacaf (superlative)
llac (mutation mutation-radical)
lac (mutation mutation-soft)


cloch

cy-noun

cloch f (plural clych or clychau or clochau)

clych (plural)
clychau (plural)
clochau (plural)
cloch (mutation mutation-radical)
gloch (mutation mutation-soft)
nghloch (mutation mutation-nasal)
chloch (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh cloch, from Proto-Brythonic *klox, from Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”) (compare Cornish clogh, Breton kloc'h, Old Irish cloc, Irish clog), of onomatopoeic origin. Doublet of cloc (“clock”).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

cloch fach yn y glust

a ringing or tingling in the ear; a little bell in the ear

cloch Llundain

Canterbury bells, bellflowers, throatwort

cloch y ffair

bell rung to announce the commencement of a fair or market

cloch y perthi

Canterbury bells, hedge-bells, hedge-bindweed

(figuratively) someone who praises or proclaims

(figuratively) bell-shaped object, especially bubble

bell
bell-shaped object, especially bubble

(figuratively) bell-like sound or noise, vociferation

bell
bell-like sound or noise, vociferation


garai

carai (mutation mutation-radical)
garai (mutation mutation-soft)
ngharai (mutation mutation-nasal)
charai (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ì

The letter I, marked for its short vocalic pronunciation in monosyllabic words.


gnawn

gnawn (mutation mutation-radical)
nawn (mutation mutation-soft)
ngnawn (mutation mutation-nasal)

inflection of gwneud:
first-person plural future colloquial

first-person singular conditional colloquial


traed

traed (mutation mutation-radical)
draed (mutation mutation-soft)
nhraed (mutation mutation-nasal)
thraed (mutation mutation-aspirate)


cryf

cy-adj

cryf (feminine singular cref, plural cryfion, equative cryfed, comparative cryfach, superlative cryfaf)

cref (feminine singular)
cryfion (plural)
cryfed (equative)
cryfach (comparative)
cryfaf (superlative)
cryf (mutation mutation-radical)
gryf (mutation mutation-soft)
nghryf (mutation mutation-nasal)
chryf (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh cryf, from Proto-Brythonic *krɨβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *kriɸmos (compare Breton kreñv, Cornish krev).
corff, a Latin borrowing, is from the same Proto-Indo-European root, *krep- (“body”).

tending to constipate, astringent (of medicine or substance)


gwan

gwan (feminine singular gwan, plural gweinion, equative gwanned, comparative gwannach, superlative gwannaf)

gwan (feminine singular)
gweinion (plural)
gwanned (equative)
gwannach (comparative)
gwannaf (superlative)
gwan (mutation mutation-radical)
wan (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwan (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh guan, gvan, gwann, gwan, from Proto-Celtic *wannos. Cognate with Breton gwan, Old Cornish guan, and Old Irish fann (Irish fann).


sêr

cy-noun

sêr f (collective, singulative seren, not mutable)

From Proto-Brythonic *ster, from Proto-Celtic *sterā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. Cognate with Cornish ster, Breton ster.

sêr tywydd

barometer earthstars, Astraeus hygrometricus

sêr y Pyreneau

Pyrenean squills, Scilla Pyrenean squill


caledu

cy-verb

caledu (first-person singular present caledaf)

caledaf (first-person present singular)
caledaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
caledi (future indicative present second-person singular)
caleda (future indicative present singular third-person)
caledwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
caledwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
caledant (future indicative plural present third-person)
caledir (future impersonal indicative present)
caledwn (conditional first-person singular)
caledwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
caledit (conditional second-person singular)
caledit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
caledai (conditional singular third-person)
caledai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
caledem (conditional first-person plural)
caledem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
caledech (conditional plural second-person)
caledech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
caledent (conditional plural third-person)
caledent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
caledid (conditional impersonal)
caledid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
caledais (first-person preterite singular)
caledaist (preterite second-person singular)
caledodd (preterite singular third-person)
caledasom (first-person plural preterite)
caledasoch (plural preterite second-person)
caledasant (plural preterite third-person)
caledwyd (impersonal preterite)
caledaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
caledasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
caledasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
caledasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
caledasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
caledasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
caledasid (impersonal pluperfect)
caledesid (impersonal pluperfect)
caledwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
caledych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
caledo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
caledom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
caledoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
caledont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
caleder (impersonal present subjunctive)
caleded (imperative singular third-person)
caledwn (first-person imperative plural)
caledwch (imperative plural second-person)
caledent (imperative plural third-person)
caleder (imperative impersonal)
caledu (noun-from-verb)
calededig (participle)
caledadwy (participle)
caleda i (first-person future singular)
caledaf i (first-person future singular)
caledi di (future second-person singular)
caledith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
calediff e (future singular third-person)
caledwn ni (first-person future plural)
caledwch chi (future plural second-person)
caledan nhw (future plural third-person)
caledwn i (conditional first-person singular)
caledswn i (conditional first-person singular)
caledet ti (conditional second-person singular)
caledset ti (conditional second-person singular)
caledai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
caledsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
caleden ni (conditional first-person plural)
caledsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
caledech chi (conditional plural second-person)
caledsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
caleden nhw (conditional plural third-person)
caledsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
caledais i (first-person preterite singular)
caledes i (first-person preterite singular)
caledaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
caledest ti (preterite second-person singular)
caledodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
caledon ni (first-person plural preterite)
caledoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
caledon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
caleda (imperative second-person singular)
caledwch (imperative plural second-person)
caledu (mutation mutation-radical)
galedu (mutation mutation-soft)
nghaledu (mutation mutation-nasal)
chaledu (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(figuratively) to grow unfeeling or stubborn, render hard or obdurate

(grammar, phonology, of consonant) to harden, pronounce as voiceless

to become costive or constipated, constipate


troed

From Middle Welsh troet, from Proto-Celtic *tregess.

1620, William Morgan, Y Bibl Cyssegr-lan, Salm 91:12

They shall bear thee up in their hands, lest thou dash thy foot against a stone.

Ar eu dwylo, y’th ddygant rhag taro dy droed wrth garreg.

deudroed)”)

(now only used in ar ddeudroed (“on foot


troed

troed (mutation mutation-radical)
droed (mutation mutation-soft)
nhroed (mutation mutation-nasal)
throed (mutation mutation-aspirate)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


Llanfairpwllgwyngyll

Llanfairpwllgwyngyll (mutation mutation-radical)
Lanfairpwllgwyngyll (mutation mutation-soft)

/ɬanvai̯rpʊɬˈɡwɨ̞ŋɡɨ̞ɬ/

/ɬanvai̯rpʊɬˈɡwɪŋɡɪɬ/


mys

bys (mutation mutation-radical)
fys (mutation mutation-soft)
mys (mutation mutation-nasal)


delir

delir (mutation mutation-radical)
ddelir (mutation mutation-soft)
nelir (mutation mutation-nasal)

present indicative/future impersonal of dal


delir

telir (mutation mutation-radical)
delir (mutation mutation-soft)
nhelir (mutation mutation-nasal)
thelir (mutation mutation-aspirate)


daled

taled (mutation mutation-radical)
daled (mutation mutation-soft)
nhaled (mutation mutation-nasal)
thaled (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Lladin

From Latin (lingua) Latina, from Latium.


Lladin

cy-adj

Lladin (feminine singular Lladin, plural Lladin, equative mor Lladin, comparative mwy Lladin, superlative mwyaf Lladin)

Lladin (feminine singular)
Lladin (plural)
mor Lladin (equative)
mwy Lladin (comparative)
mwyaf Lladin (superlative)
Lladin (mutation mutation-radical)
Ladin (mutation mutation-soft)

Latin (pertaining to the ancient Romans or their language)

Latin (pertaining to the descendants of the ancient Romans)


bau

pau (mutation mutation-radical)
bau (mutation mutation-soft)
mhau (mutation mutation-nasal)
phau (mutation mutation-aspirate)


calon

calonnau (plural)
calon (mutation mutation-radical)
galon (mutation mutation-soft)
nghalon (mutation mutation-nasal)
chalon (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh callon, from Proto-Brythonic *kalwon, from Proto-Celtic *kalwond- (“heart”). Cognate with Breton kalon.

(anatomy) heart
core (of apple, cabbage, etc.)

(anatomy) heart
center, inner or hidden part

(figuratively) seat of feeling, affection, will, and intellect; one's inmost being, the soul, the spirit; true emotion, mind, thought, intent, secret, etc.


gaffel

caffel (mutation mutation-radical)
gaffel (mutation mutation-soft)
nghaffel (mutation mutation-nasal)
chaffel (mutation mutation-aspirate)


fod

bod (mutation mutation-radical)
fod (mutation mutation-soft)
mod (mutation mutation-nasal)


clo

cloeon (plural)
cloeau (plural)
clo (mutation mutation-radical)
glo (mutation mutation-soft)
nghlo (mutation mutation-nasal)
chlo (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Brythonic *klọw, from Proto-Celtic *klāwos, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kleh₂w- (“hook, crook, peg”) (whence Latin clāvis).

clo bach

appliance to keep the wheel of a vehicle from turning on a steep slope; little lock

clo cyngan

correspondence of two consonants or groups of consonants in cynghanedd; conclusion, close

cloi

to lock, shut or bind fast, clinch; to conclude

(prosody) consonance or correspondence of consonants in cynghanedd; often figurative

lock, brake; mechanism that explodes charge in gun


trawa

third-person singular present/future of taro


cader

cader (mutation mutation-radical)
gader (mutation mutation-soft)
nghader (mutation mutation-nasal)
chader (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(now informal) Alternative spelling of cadair


helmed

cy-noun

helmed f (plural helmedi or helmedau, not mutable)


lawes

llawes (mutation mutation-radical)
lawes (mutation mutation-soft)


creder

creder (mutation mutation-radical)
greder (mutation mutation-soft)
nghreder (mutation mutation-nasal)
chreder (mutation mutation-aspirate)

present subjunctive/imperative impersonal of credu


maer

meiri (plural)
maer (mutation mutation-radical)
faer (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh maer, from Old Welsh mair, from Proto-Brythonic *maɨr, from Latin māior (“greater”). Cognate with Old Cornish mair, Old Breton mair, Breton maer, Middle Irish máer, Irish maor.

(historical) mayor, the steward of a royal court


rhos

Probably from Proto-Celtic *ɸrostos (“promontory, wood”).


rhos

rhosyn (singulative)
rhos (mutation mutation-radical)
ros (mutation mutation-soft)


chau

cau (mutation mutation-radical)
gau (mutation mutation-soft)
nghau (mutation mutation-nasal)
chau (mutation mutation-aspirate)


carn

carnau (plural)
carn (mutation mutation-radical)
garn (mutation mutation-soft)
ngharn (mutation mutation-nasal)
charn (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh carn, from Proto-Celtic *karnos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”). Akin to carreg.


hyn

From Middle Welsh hynn, from Old Welsh hinn, from Proto-Celtic *sindos (“this”).

A yw'r ystafelloedd hyn ar gael gennych?

Ydy'r stafelloedd hyn ar gael 'da chi?

(formal) (South Wales, informal) (in conjuction with the definite article y) these

Mae'r stafell hyn ar gael os y'ch chi'n moyn, ond nage'r lleill.

This room is available if you want, but not the others.

(South Wales, informal) (in conjuction with the definite article y) this


hyn

Mae hyn yn ddiflas.

Ni allaf gredu bod hyn wedi digwydd.

I cannot believe that this has happened.

Rwyf innau'n cytuno ond nid yw pawb mor bleidiol, er hyn.

I, personally, agree but not everyone is as favourable, however.

Dylai fo fod yma erbyn hyn.

Bydd rhai i bethau ddechrau newid o hyn ymlaen.

Things will have to start changing from now on.

(in certain multiword phrases – see Derived terms below.) now


grys

crys (mutation mutation-radical)
grys (mutation mutation-soft)
nghrys (mutation mutation-nasal)
chrys (mutation mutation-aspirate)


galwo

galwo (mutation mutation-radical)
alwo (mutation mutation-soft)
ngalwo (mutation mutation-nasal)

third-person singular subjunctive of galw


wys

gwys (mutation mutation-radical)
wys (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwys (mutation mutation-nasal)


ès

esau (plural)
esys (plural)
ès (mutation mutation-radical)
hès (mutation prothesis-h)

The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.


iau

From Proto-Brythonic *jọw, from Proto-Celtic *yugom, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm.


iau

iau (mutation mutation-radical)
hiau (mutation prothesis-h)

From a form Proto-Celtic *yow-yos, an irregular comparative of *yuwankos.


yd

(archaic) preverbal particle used to mark an affirmative verb in a main clause


falu

malu (mutation mutation-radical)
falu (mutation mutation-soft)


cynaniad

cynaniadau (plural)
cynaniad (mutation mutation-radical)
gynaniad (mutation mutation-soft)
nghynaniad (mutation mutation-nasal)
chynaniad (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cynanu (“to articulate, to pronounce”) + -iad.


pryf

pryfed (plural)
pryf (mutation mutation-radical)
bryf (mutation mutation-soft)
mhryf (mutation mutation-nasal)
phryf (mutation mutation-aspirate)

PIE word
 *kʷŕ̥mis
From Middle Welsh pryf, from Old Welsh prem, from Proto-Brythonic *prɨβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *kʷrimis. Compare Cornish pryv (“worm, grub”), Breton preñv (“worm”).


afr

gafr (mutation mutation-radical)
afr (mutation mutation-soft)
ngafr (mutation mutation-nasal)


caen

Possibly a derivative of Proto-Celtic *kagyom (“enclosure, field”), with influence from haenu (“to stratify, put in layers”) and taenu (“to spread, sprinkle”). Alternatively from Proto-Celtic *kagnā, from a Proto-Indo-European n-stem seen also in Proto-Germanic *hagô (English haw (“hawthorn, hedge”), Dutch haag (“hedge”), Icelandic hagi (“pasture”); possibly also English hatch).


caen

caen (mutation mutation-radical)
gaen (mutation mutation-soft)
nghaen (mutation mutation-nasal)
chaen (mutation mutation-aspirate)

first/third-person plural conditional colloquial of cael


codais

codais (mutation mutation-radical)
godais (mutation mutation-soft)
nghodais (mutation mutation-nasal)
chodais (mutation mutation-aspirate)


garent

carent (mutation mutation-radical)
garent (mutation mutation-soft)
ngharent (mutation mutation-nasal)
charent (mutation mutation-aspirate)


garais

carais (mutation mutation-radical)
garais (mutation mutation-soft)
ngharais (mutation mutation-nasal)
charais (mutation mutation-aspirate)


garant

carant (mutation mutation-radical)
garant (mutation mutation-soft)
ngharant (mutation mutation-nasal)
charant (mutation mutation-aspirate)


chopa

copa (mutation mutation-radical)
gopa (mutation mutation-soft)
nghopa (mutation mutation-nasal)
chopa (mutation mutation-aspirate)


caffer

caffer (mutation mutation-radical)
gaffer (mutation mutation-soft)
nghaffer (mutation mutation-nasal)
chaffer (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(literary) impersonal present subjunctive of cael

(literary) impersonal imperative of cael


colled

colledion (plural)
colled (mutation mutation-radical)
golled (mutation mutation-soft)
ngholled (mutation mutation-nasal)
cholled (mutation mutation-aspirate)

coll (“loss”) + -ed, cognate with Latin clādēs (“destruction”) and Old Irish coll (“destruction”).


crwban

cy-adj

crwban (feminine singular crwban, plural crwban, equative mor grwban, comparative mwy crwban, superlative mwyaf crwban)

crwban (feminine singular)
crwban (plural)
mor grwban (equative)
mwy crwban (comparative)
mwyaf crwban (superlative)
crwban (mutation mutation-radical)
grwban (mutation mutation-soft)
nghrwban (mutation mutation-nasal)
chrwban (mutation mutation-aspirate)


lindys

cy-noun

lindys m (collective, singulative lindysyn, not mutable)


peint

peintiau (plural)
peint (mutation mutation-radical)
beint (mutation mutation-soft)
mheint (mutation mutation-nasal)
pheint (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from Middle English pinte (“pint”).


elem

(literary) first-person plural imperfect subjunctive of mynd


caed

caed (mutation mutation-radical)
gaed (mutation mutation-soft)
nghaed (mutation mutation-nasal)
chaed (mutation mutation-aspirate)

third-person singular imperative of cael


dewr

cy-adj

dewr (feminine singular dewr, plural dewron, equative dewred, comparative dewrach, superlative dewraf)

dewr (feminine singular)
dewron (plural)
dewred (equative)
dewrach (comparative)
dewraf (superlative)
dewr (mutation mutation-radical)
ddewr (mutation mutation-soft)
newr (mutation mutation-nasal)


cae

From Middle Welsh kay (“hedge; enclosure”), from Proto-Brythonic *kaɨ, from Proto-Celtic *kagyom.
Compare Cornish ke, Breton kae, Old Irish caí; also Latin cohum, English haw. See also cau and caer.

Roedd llond cae ar ôl cae o'r blodau yma, ac roedd o'n arfer rhoi arwyddion o gwmpas y caeau i ddweud bod y cnwd wedi ei chwistrellu gyda phlaladdwr gwenwynig. Fel arall roedd ceir yn stopio wrth ochr y caeau ar ôl gweld môr o'r blodau hardd yma, a rhieni yn dod allan o'r car efo'u plant i eistedd yng nghanol y caeau - heb sylweddoli beth oedden nhw!

There was field after field full of these flowers, and he used to put signs around the fields saying that the crop had been sprayed with poisonous pesticides. Otherwise cars would stop at the side of the fields after seeing a sea of these beautiful flowers, and parents would get out of their cars with their children to sit in the middle of the fields – without realising what they were!

Dwi'n cofio wnaethon ni grys Yr Iseldiroedd, ac fe wnaethon ni e mewn oren mwy llachar. Roedd hynny'n fodern a chyffrous, ac oedden nhw'n edrych yn dda ar y cae.

I remember we made the Dutch shirt, and we made it in a brighter orange. That was modern and exciting, and they looked good on the pitch.


cae

cae (mutation mutation-radical)
gae (mutation mutation-soft)
nghae (mutation mutation-nasal)
chae (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(literary) third-person singular present indicative/future of cau


cadwch

cadwch (mutation mutation-radical)
gadwch (mutation mutation-soft)
nghadwch (mutation mutation-nasal)
chadwch (mutation mutation-aspirate)

second-person plural future/imperative colloquial of cadw


allai

gallai (mutation mutation-radical)
allai (mutation mutation-soft)
ngallai (mutation mutation-nasal)


blys

blysiau (plural)
blys (mutation mutation-radical)
flys (mutation mutation-soft)
mlys (mutation mutation-nasal)

Related to Middle Breton blisic, blysyc (“pleasant, indulgent”), modern Breton blizik. Perhaps a reduced grade of the root of Czech mlsný (“dainty, finicky, lecherous”) (<<Proto-Slavic *mls); compare modern Czech smilný (“adulterous”).


lembo

Perhaps composed of two elements, the second also being found in hulbo (“soft-headed fellow”).

(North Wales) (derogatory) slow-witted person, blockhead, idiot


harf

arf (mutation mutation-radical)
harf (mutation prothesis-h)


digon

Deverbal from digoni (“to be able, to suffice”).


digon

digon (mutation mutation-radical)
ddigon (mutation mutation-soft)
nigon (mutation mutation-nasal)


dilead

dileadau (plural)
dilead (mutation mutation-radical)
ddilead (mutation mutation-soft)
nilead (mutation mutation-nasal)


llyfrgell

llyfrgelloedd (plural)
llyfrgell (mutation mutation-radical)
lyfrgell (mutation mutation-soft)


cwsg

cwsg (mutation mutation-radical)
gwsg (mutation mutation-soft)
nghwsg (mutation mutation-nasal)
chwsg (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(literary) third-person singular present/future of cysgu

(literary) second-person singular imperative of cysgu


thair

tair (mutation mutation-radical)
dair (mutation mutation-soft)
nhair (mutation mutation-nasal)
thair (mutation mutation-aspirate)


siwmae

A contraction of sut mae hi? (“how is it?”).

(informal) hi! what's up? how goes it? (an informal greeting recognized throughout Wales)


llyffant

cy-noun

llyffant m (plural llyffantod or llyffaint)

llyffantod (plural)
llyffaint (plural)
llyffant (mutation mutation-radical)
lyffant (mutation mutation-soft)


broga

brogaed (plural)
brogaod (plural)
broga (mutation mutation-radical)
froga (mutation mutation-soft)
mroga (mutation mutation-nasal)


iet

ietau (plural)
ietiau (plural)
iet (mutation mutation-radical)
hiet (mutation prothesis-h)

Borrowed from Middle English ȝet, variant of gate (“gate”), from Old English ġeat.


gaffed

caffed (mutation mutation-radical)
gaffed (mutation mutation-soft)
nghaffed (mutation mutation-nasal)
chaffed (mutation mutation-aspirate)


canolog

cy-adj

canolog (feminine singular canolog, plural canologion, not comparable)

canolog (feminine singular)
canologion (plural)
canolog (mutation mutation-radical)
ganolog (mutation mutation-soft)
nghanolog (mutation mutation-nasal)
chanolog (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From canol (“middle, centre, mean”) + -og (adjectival suffix).


plis

Ga i omled i frecwast, plis?

May I have an omelette for breakfast, please?


ysit

ysit (mutation mutation-radical)
hysit (mutation prothesis-h)

second-person singular imperfect indicative/subjunctive

inflection of ysu:
second-person singular conditional


llaeth

llaethau (plural)
llaeth (mutation mutation-radical)
laeth (mutation mutation-soft)

From Proto-Brythonic *llaɨθ, borrowed from Latin lactis.


duon

duon (mutation mutation-radical)
dduon (mutation mutation-soft)
nuon (mutation mutation-nasal)


casineb

casineb (mutation mutation-radical)
gasineb (mutation mutation-soft)
nghasineb (mutation mutation-nasal)
chasineb (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cas (“bitterness, hatred, enmity; hateful, hated; disagreeable, nasty, unkind, surly”) + -ineb.


antimoni

antimoni (mutation mutation-radical)
hantimoni (mutation prothesis-h)

Borrowed from English antimony, from Medieval Latin antimonium, from Arabic إِثْمِد (ʔiṯmid), from Egyptian sdm, msdmt.


chut

cut (mutation mutation-radical)
gut (mutation mutation-soft)
nghut (mutation mutation-nasal)
chut (mutation mutation-aspirate)


dam-

dam- (mutation mutation-radical)
ddam- (mutation mutation-soft)
nam- (mutation mutation-nasal)

Proto-Celtic *do-ambi-, from *do- + *ambi-, equivalent to dy- (“to, together”) + am- (“around”).

dam- + cylchu (“to circle, to surround”) → damgylchu (“to encompass, to surround”)

dam- + amcanu (“to estimate”) → damcanu (“to conjecture, to speculate”)


-ys

nyrs (“nurse”) + -ys → nyrsys (“nurses”)

bocs (“box”) + -ys → bocsys (“boxes”)

bỳs (“bus”) + -ys → bysys (“buses”)


-ys

gwybod (“know”) + -ys → gwyddys (“is known, one knows”)

(literary) verb suffix for the impersonal present indicative/future


Aron

Aron (mutation mutation-radical)
Haron (mutation prothesis-h)

a male given name from Hebrew ʾAhărōn, equivalent to English Aaron

Aron ap Dyfnwyn, a legendary Welsh hero mentioned in The Stanzas of the Graves.


pipon

pipon (mutation mutation-radical)
bipon (mutation mutation-soft)
mhipon (mutation mutation-nasal)
phipon (mutation mutation-aspirate)

first/third-person plural preterite of pipo


tapin

tapinau (plural)
tapin (mutation mutation-radical)
dapin (mutation mutation-soft)
nhapin (mutation mutation-nasal)
thapin (mutation mutation-aspirate)

blanket, coverlet, counterpane, cover, quilt, tapestry, carpet


bues

bues (mutation mutation-radical)
fues (mutation mutation-soft)
mues (mutation mutation-nasal)

first-person singular preterite colloquial of bod


gais

cais (mutation mutation-radical)
gais (mutation mutation-soft)
nghais (mutation mutation-nasal)
chais (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ph

The twenty-first letter of the Welsh alphabet, called ffi and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by P and followed by R.


amser

cy-noun

amser m or f (plural amserau or amseroedd or amserion or amseron)

amserau (plural)
amseroedd (plural)
amserion (plural)
amseron (plural)
amser (mutation mutation-radical)
hamser (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh amser, from Old Welsh amser, from Proto-Celtic *amsterā (“time, moment”); cognate with Old Irish aimser.


dŵr

dyfroedd (plural)
dŵr (mutation mutation-radical)
ddŵr (mutation mutation-soft)
nŵr (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh dwfyr, from Proto-Brythonic *duβr, from Proto-Celtic *dubros, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰubʰrós (“deep”). Compare Breton dour, Cornish dowr, Irish dobhar, Gaulish uerno-dubrum (name of a river).

Mae dŵr yn hanfodol i fywyd pob anifail.

Water is essential to the life of every animal.


dŵr

tŵr (mutation mutation-radical)
dŵr (mutation mutation-soft)
nhŵr (mutation mutation-nasal)
thŵr (mutation mutation-aspirate)


gwelet

second-person singular conditional colloquial of gweld


mab

meibion (plural)
mab (mutation mutation-radical)
fab (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh and Old Welsh map, from Proto-Brythonic *mab, from Proto-Celtic *makʷos.

boy, son, infant, child (of either sex), minor, youth


ysgrifennu

cy-verb

ysgrifennu (first-person singular present ysgrifennaf)

ysgrifennaf (first-person present singular)
ysgrifennaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
ysgrifenni (future indicative present second-person singular)
ysgrifenna (future indicative present singular third-person)
ysgrifennwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
ysgrifennwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
ysgrifennant (future indicative plural present third-person)
ysgrifennir (future impersonal indicative present)
ysgrifennwn (conditional first-person singular)
ysgrifennwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
ysgrifennit (conditional second-person singular)
ysgrifennit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
ysgrifennai (conditional singular third-person)
ysgrifennai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
ysgrifennem (conditional first-person plural)
ysgrifennem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
ysgrifennech (conditional plural second-person)
ysgrifennech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
ysgrifennent (conditional plural third-person)
ysgrifennent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
ysgrifennid (conditional impersonal)
ysgrifennid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
ysgrifennais (first-person preterite singular)
ysgrifennaist (preterite second-person singular)
ysgrifennodd (preterite singular third-person)
ysgrifenasom (first-person plural preterite)
ysgrifenasoch (plural preterite second-person)
ysgrifenasant (plural preterite third-person)
ysgrifennwyd (impersonal preterite)
ysgrifenaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
ysgrifenasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
ysgrifenasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
ysgrifenasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
ysgrifenasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
ysgrifenasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
ysgrifenasid (impersonal pluperfect)
ysgrifenesid (impersonal pluperfect)
ysgrifennwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
ysgrifennych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
ysgrifenno (present singular subjunctive third-person)
ysgrifennom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
ysgrifennoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
ysgrifennont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
ysgrifenner (impersonal present subjunctive)
ysgrifenna (imperative second-person singular)
ysgrifenned (imperative singular third-person)
ysgrifennwn (first-person imperative plural)
ysgrifennwch (imperative plural second-person)
ysgrifennent (imperative plural third-person)
ysgrifenner (imperative impersonal)
ysgrifennu (noun-from-verb)
ysgrifenedig (participle)
ysgrifenadwy (participle)
ysgrifenna i (first-person future singular)
ysgrifennaf i (first-person future singular)
ysgrifenni di (future second-person singular)
ysgrifennith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
ysgrifenniff e (future singular third-person)
ysgrifennwn ni (first-person future plural)
ysgrifennwch chi (future plural second-person)
ysgrifennan nhw (future plural third-person)
ysgrifennwn i (conditional first-person singular)
ysgrifenswn i (conditional first-person singular)
ysgrifennet ti (conditional second-person singular)
ysgrifenset ti (conditional second-person singular)
ysgrifennai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
ysgrifensai fo (conditional singular third-person)
ysgrifennen ni (conditional first-person plural)
ysgrifensen ni (conditional first-person plural)
ysgrifennech chi (conditional plural second-person)
ysgrifensech chi (conditional plural second-person)
ysgrifennen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
ysgrifensen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
ysgrifennais i (first-person preterite singular)
ysgrifennes i (first-person preterite singular)
ysgrifennaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
ysgrifennest ti (preterite second-person singular)
ysgrifennodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
ysgrifennon ni (first-person plural preterite)
ysgrifennoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
ysgrifennon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
ysgrifenna (imperative second-person singular)
ysgrifennwch (imperative plural second-person)
ysgrifennu (mutation mutation-radical)
hysgrifennu (mutation prothesis-h)

/əsɡrɪˈvɛnɨ/

From Middle Welsh ysgriuennu, from Proto-Brythonic *ɨskrivenn, from Latin scrībendum, gerund of scrībō.


prifddinas

prifddinasoedd (plural)
prifddinas (mutation mutation-radical)
brifddinas (mutation mutation-soft)
mhrifddinas (mutation mutation-nasal)
phrifddinas (mutation mutation-aspirate)


gorsaf

gorsafoedd (plural)
gorsaf (mutation mutation-radical)
orsaf (mutation mutation-soft)
ngorsaf (mutation mutation-nasal)

gor- (“over-”) + saf, root of sefyll (“to stand”).


bery

beryon (plural)
bery (mutation mutation-radical)
fery (mutation mutation-soft)
mery (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh bery, from Proto-Celtic *bergā. Cognate with Old Irish berg (“robber, plunderer”).


gweithiwr

gweithwyr (plural)
gweithiwr (mutation mutation-radical)
weithiwr (mutation mutation-soft)
ngweithiwr (mutation mutation-nasal)

Dydy'r busnes 'ma ddim yn talu ei gweithwyr.


dyddiadur

dyddiaduron (plural)
dyddiadur (mutation mutation-radical)
ddyddiadur (mutation mutation-soft)
nyddiadur (mutation mutation-nasal)


drws

drysau (plural)
drysiau (plural)
drws (mutation mutation-radical)
ddrws (mutation mutation-soft)
nrws (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh drws, from Old Welsh drus, from Proto-Brythonic *drus, from Proto-Celtic *dworestus (compare Old Irish dorus), a derivative of Proto-Celtic *dwār, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr. Related to dôr.


esgid

esgidiau (plural)
esgid (mutation mutation-radical)
hesgid (mutation prothesis-h)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ped-skuH-t-, from *ped- (“foot”) + *(s)kewH- (“to cover”); the former component is cognate with English foot, and the latter with Ancient Greek σκῦτος (skûtos, “skin, hide”). Direct cognate with Cornish eskis (“shoe”).

cog

Mi gaeth o esgidiau rhedeg newydd cyn y ras.

He got new running shoes before the race.


eto

Reduced form of Middle Welsh eton, from Proto-Brythonic *edwon, from Proto-Celtic *eti-uɸo-nā.

(in a negative or interrogative sentence) yet


closen

closen (mutation mutation-radical)
glosen (mutation mutation-soft)
nghlosen (mutation mutation-nasal)
chlosen (mutation mutation-aspirate)


siopa

cy-verb

siopa (first-person singular present siopaf, not mutable)

siopaf (first-person present singular)
siopaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
siopi (future indicative present second-person singular)
siopa (future indicative present singular third-person)
siopwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
siopwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
siopant (future indicative plural present third-person)
siopir (future impersonal indicative present)
siopwn (conditional first-person singular)
siopwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
siopit (conditional second-person singular)
siopit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
siopai (conditional singular third-person)
siopai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
siopem (conditional first-person plural)
siopem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
siopech (conditional plural second-person)
siopech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
siopent (conditional plural third-person)
siopent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
siopid (conditional impersonal)
siopid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
siopais (first-person preterite singular)
siopaist (preterite second-person singular)
siopodd (preterite singular third-person)
siopasom (first-person plural preterite)
siopasoch (plural preterite second-person)
siopasant (plural preterite third-person)
siopwyd (impersonal preterite)
siopaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
siopasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
siopasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
siopasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
siopasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
siopasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
siopasid (impersonal pluperfect)
siopesid (impersonal pluperfect)
siopwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
siopych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
siopo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
siopom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
siopoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
siopont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
sioper (impersonal present subjunctive)
siopa (imperative second-person singular)
sioped (imperative singular third-person)
siopwn (first-person imperative plural)
siopwch (imperative plural second-person)
siopent (imperative plural third-person)
sioper (imperative impersonal)
siopa (noun-from-verb)
siopedig (participle)
siopadwy (participle)
siopa i (first-person future singular)
siopaf i (first-person future singular)
siopi di (future second-person singular)
siopith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
siopiff e (future singular third-person)
siopwn ni (first-person future plural)
siopwch chi (future plural second-person)
siopan nhw (future plural third-person)
siopwn i (conditional first-person singular)
siopswn i (conditional first-person singular)
siopet ti (conditional second-person singular)
siopset ti (conditional second-person singular)
siopai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
siopsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
siopen ni (conditional first-person plural)
siopsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
siopech chi (conditional plural second-person)
siopsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
siopen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
siopsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
siopais i (first-person preterite singular)
siopes i (first-person preterite singular)
siopaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
siopest ti (preterite second-person singular)
siopodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
siopon ni (first-person plural preterite)
siopoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
siopon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
siopa (imperative second-person singular)
siopwch (imperative plural second-person)

Denominal verb from siop, from English shop.


dihareb

diarhebion (plural)
dihareb (mutation mutation-radical)
ddihareb (mutation mutation-soft)
nihareb (mutation mutation-nasal)


abades

abadesau (plural)
abades (mutation mutation-radical)
habades (mutation prothesis-h)


hyll

cy-adj

hyll (feminine singular hell, plural hyllion, equative hylled or cyn hyll, comparative hyllach or mwy hyll, superlative hyllaf or mwyaf hyll, not mutable)

hell (feminine singular)
hyllion (plural)
hylled (equative)
cyn hyll (equative)
hyllach (comparative)
mwy hyll (comparative)
hyllaf (superlative)
mwyaf hyll (superlative)


gach

cach (mutation mutation-radical)
gach (mutation mutation-soft)
nghach (mutation mutation-nasal)
chach (mutation mutation-aspirate)


lew

llew (mutation mutation-radical)
lew (mutation mutation-soft)


syndrom

cy-noun

syndrom m or f (plural syndromau, not mutable)


bromin

bromin (mutation mutation-radical)
fromin (mutation mutation-soft)
mromin (mutation mutation-nasal)

Borrowed from English bromine, from French brome, from Ancient Greek βρῶμος (brômos, “stink”).


adfero

adfero (mutation mutation-radical)
hadfero (mutation prothesis-h)

third-person singular present subjunctive of edfryd


posteri

posteri (mutation mutation-radical)
bosteri (mutation mutation-soft)
mhosteri (mutation mutation-nasal)
phosteri (mutation mutation-aspirate)


clois

clois (mutation mutation-radical)
glois (mutation mutation-soft)
nghlois (mutation mutation-nasal)
chlois (mutation mutation-aspirate)


buail

buail (mutation mutation-radical)
fuail (mutation mutation-soft)
muail (mutation mutation-nasal)


gwir

cy-adj

gwir (feminine singular gwir, plural gwirion, equative gwired, comparative gwirach, superlative gwiraf)

gwir (feminine singular)
gwirion (plural)
gwired (equative)
gwirach (comparative)
gwiraf (superlative)

From Middle Welsh gwir, from Proto-Brythonic *gwir, from Proto-Celtic *wīros, from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁ros.

true, certain, undoubted, genuine, real, very, right, sure; perfect, just, truthful, faithful, guileless


gwir

gwiriau (plural)
gwir (mutation mutation-radical)
wir (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwir (mutation mutation-nasal)

ein gwiriau

right, justice, that which is just, merit; claim, legal claim, entitlement as the rightful owner; law


caill

ceilliau (plural)
caill (mutation mutation-radical)
gaill (mutation mutation-soft)
nghaill (mutation mutation-nasal)
chaill (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh keill, from Proto-Brythonic *köll (compare Breton and Cornish kell), from Latin coleus, from Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós).


dyner

tyner (mutation mutation-radical)
dyner (mutation mutation-soft)
nhyner (mutation mutation-nasal)
thyner (mutation mutation-aspirate)


dyna

From weli + di + yna "do you see there". Compare dyma and dacw.

dyna fo

there he/it is/are; that's him/it; that's how he/it is

dyna hi

there she/it is/are; that's her/it; that's how she/it is


pwy

From Old Welsh pui, from Proto-Brythonic *puɨ, from Proto-Celtic *kʷei, (compare Breton piv, Cornish piw, Old Irish cía), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis.

Pwy yw e?


pwy

pwy (mutation mutation-radical)
bwy (mutation mutation-soft)
mhwy (mutation mutation-nasal)
phwy (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Pwy un yw e?

Weles i fe pwy ddiwrnod.

(South Wales) (colloquial) a certain, the other


boenen

poenen (mutation mutation-radical)
boenen (mutation mutation-soft)
mhoenen (mutation mutation-nasal)
phoenen (mutation mutation-aspirate)


torchi

cy-verb

torchi (first-person singular present torchaf)

torchaf (first-person present singular)
torchaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
torchi (future indicative present second-person singular)
torcha (future indicative present singular third-person)
torchwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
torchwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
torchant (future indicative plural present third-person)
torchir (future impersonal indicative present)
torchwn (conditional first-person singular)
torchwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
torchit (conditional second-person singular)
torchit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
torchai (conditional singular third-person)
torchai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
torchem (conditional first-person plural)
torchem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
torchech (conditional plural second-person)
torchech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
torchent (conditional plural third-person)
torchent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
torchid (conditional impersonal)
torchid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
torchais (first-person preterite singular)
torchaist (preterite second-person singular)
torchodd (preterite singular third-person)
torchasom (first-person plural preterite)
torchasoch (plural preterite second-person)
torchasant (plural preterite third-person)
torchwyd (impersonal preterite)
torchaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
torchasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
torchasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
torchasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
torchasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
torchasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
torchasid (impersonal pluperfect)
torchesid (impersonal pluperfect)
torchwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
torchych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
torcho (present singular subjunctive third-person)
torchom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
torchoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
torchont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
torcher (impersonal present subjunctive)
torcha (imperative second-person singular)
torched (imperative singular third-person)
torchwn (first-person imperative plural)
torchwch (imperative plural second-person)
torchent (imperative plural third-person)
torcher (imperative impersonal)
torchi (noun-from-verb)
torchedig (participle)
torchadwy (participle)
torcha i (first-person future singular)
torchaf i (first-person future singular)
torchi di (future second-person singular)
torchith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
torchiff e (future singular third-person)
torchwn ni (first-person future plural)
torchwch chi (future plural second-person)
torchan nhw (future plural third-person)
torchwn i (conditional first-person singular)
torchswn i (conditional first-person singular)
torchet ti (conditional second-person singular)
torchset ti (conditional second-person singular)
torchai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
torchsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
torchen ni (conditional first-person plural)
torchsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
torchech chi (conditional plural second-person)
torchsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
torchen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
torchsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
torchais i (first-person preterite singular)
torches i (first-person preterite singular)
torchaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
torchest ti (preterite second-person singular)
torchodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
torchon ni (first-person plural preterite)
torchoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
torchon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
torcha (imperative second-person singular)
torchwch (imperative plural second-person)
torchi (mutation mutation-radical)
dorchi (mutation mutation-soft)
nhorchi (mutation mutation-nasal)
thorchi (mutation mutation-aspirate)


mether

mether (mutation mutation-radical)
fether (mutation mutation-soft)

(literary) impersonal subjunctive/imperative of methu


-au

From Middle Welsh -eu, from Old Welsh -ou, from Proto-Brythonic *-ow, from Proto-Celtic *-owes, u-stem nominative plural. Cognate with Cornish -ow and Breton -où.

syniad (“idea”) + -au → syniadau (“ideas”)

methiant (“failure”) + -au → methiannau (“failures”)

gwasanaeth (“service”) + -au → gwasanaethau (“services”)


-au

Alternative form of -hau (forms verbal nouns)

-áu

when there is confusion with an identically-spelled plural


apostol

apostolion (plural)
apostol (mutation mutation-radical)
hapostol (mutation prothesis-h)

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin apostolus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos, “one sent forth, apostle”).

der

(Christianity, also figuratively) apostle


rhugl

cy-adj

rhugl (feminine singular rhugl, plural rhuglion, equative rhucled, comparative rhuclach, superlative rhuclaf)

rhugl (feminine singular)
rhuglion (plural)
rhucled (equative)
rhuclach (comparative)
rhuclaf (superlative)
rhugl (mutation mutation-radical)
rugl (mutation mutation-soft)

fluent (able to speak a foreign language accurately and with confidence)


afalau

afalau (mutation mutation-radical)
hafalau (mutation prothesis-h)


yna

Cognate with Cornish ena and Breton ena.

Mae rhywun yna.

Pwy sy 'na?

At a place some distance away from the speaker

Mae 'na si ar led.

(informal) Used expletively directly following bod (“to be”) to indicate existence without adverbial force. (Used in a similar manner to English there is etc.. Especially common in north Wales.)

Ewch i'r chwith, yna i'r dde ac yna i'r chwith eto.

Go left, then right and then left again.

Ac Yna Clywodd Sŵn y Môr

y ferch yna

y bore 'na

that morning (literally, “the morning there”)

(informal) (in conjuction with the definite article y)

y merched yna

those girls (literally, “the girls there”)

y boreau 'na

those girls (literally, “the mornings there”)


afal

afalau (plural)
afal (mutation mutation-radical)
hafal (mutation prothesis-h)

PIE word
 *h₂ébōl
From Middle Welsh aual, from Proto-Brythonic *aβal, from Proto-Celtic *abūl, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl. Cognate with Breton aval, Cornish aval, Irish úll, Manx ooyl, Scottish Gaelic ubhal and English apple (as well as Avalon).


yma

From Proto-Celtic *uman, cognate with Cornish omma and Breton amañ.

Dewch yma.

Dw i 'ma.

y bachgen yma

y prynhawn 'ma

y bechgyn yma

y prynhawniau 'ma

these afternoons (literally, “the afternoons here”)


gair

geiriau (plural)
geirau (plural)
gair (mutation mutation-radical)
air (mutation mutation-soft)
ngair (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh geir, from Proto-Brythonic *gėr, from Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of *ǵeh₂r-.
Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English ċearu (“sorrow”).

cog

gair am air


dyddiau

dyddiau (mutation mutation-radical)
ddyddiau (mutation mutation-soft)
nyddiau (mutation mutation-nasal)


rhydd

cy-adj

rhydd (feminine singular rhydd, plural rhyddion, equative rhydded, comparative rhyddach, superlative rhyddaf)

rhydd (feminine singular)
rhyddion (plural)
rhydded (equative)
rhyddach (comparative)
rhyddaf (superlative)

From Proto-Brythonic *rrɨð, from Proto-Celtic *ɸriyos, from Proto-Indo-European *priHós, from *preyH- (“like, love”).


rhydd

rhydd (mutation mutation-radical)
rydd (mutation mutation-soft)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

(literary) third-person singular present/future of rhoi


bws

bysiau (plural)
bysys (plural)
bws (mutation mutation-radical)
fws (mutation mutation-soft)
mws (mutation mutation-nasal)


-em

(literary) verb suffix for the first-person plural imperfect/conditional


glyn

glynnoedd (plural)
glyn (mutation mutation-radical)
lyn (mutation mutation-soft)
nglyn (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *glɨnn, from Proto-Celtic *glendos.


geiriau

geiriau (mutation mutation-radical)
eiriau (mutation mutation-soft)
ngeiriau (mutation mutation-nasal)


eliffant

cy-noun

eliffant m (plural eliffantod or eliffantiaid)

eliffantod (plural)
eliffantiaid (plural)
eliffant (mutation mutation-radical)
heliffant (mutation prothesis-h)


adio

cy-verb

adio (first-person singular present adiaf)

adiaf (first-person present singular)
adiaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
adi (future indicative present second-person singular)
adi (future indicative present singular third-person)
adia (future indicative present singular third-person)
adiwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
adiwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
adiant (future indicative plural present third-person)
adir (future impersonal indicative present)
adiwn (conditional first-person singular)
adiwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
adit (conditional second-person singular)
adit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
adiai (conditional singular third-person)
adiai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
adiem (conditional first-person plural)
adiem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
adiech (conditional plural second-person)
adiech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
adient (conditional plural third-person)
adient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
adid (conditional impersonal)
adid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
adiais (first-person preterite singular)
adiaist (preterite second-person singular)
adiodd (preterite singular third-person)
adiasom (first-person plural preterite)
adiasoch (plural preterite second-person)
adiasant (plural preterite third-person)
adiwyd (impersonal preterite)
adiaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
adiasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
adiasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
adiasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
adiasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
adiasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
adiasid (impersonal pluperfect)
adiesid (impersonal pluperfect)
adiwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
adiech (present second-person singular subjunctive)
adio (present singular subjunctive third-person)
adiom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
adioch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
adiont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
adier (impersonal present subjunctive)
adi (imperative second-person singular)
adia (imperative second-person singular)
adied (imperative singular third-person)
adiwn (first-person imperative plural)
adiwch (imperative plural second-person)
adient (imperative plural third-person)
adier (imperative impersonal)
adio (noun-from-verb)
adiedig (participle)
adiadwy (participle)
adia i (first-person future singular)
adiaf i (first-person future singular)
adi di (future second-person singular)
adith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
adiff e (future singular third-person)
adiwn ni (first-person future plural)
adiwch chi (future plural second-person)
adian nhw (future plural third-person)
adiwn i (conditional first-person singular)
adiswn i (conditional first-person singular)
adiet ti (conditional second-person singular)
adiset ti (conditional second-person singular)
adiai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
adisai fo (conditional singular third-person)
adien ni (conditional first-person plural)
adisen ni (conditional first-person plural)
adiech chi (conditional plural second-person)
adisech chi (conditional plural second-person)
adien nhw (conditional plural third-person)
adisen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
adiais i (first-person preterite singular)
adies i (first-person preterite singular)
adiaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
adiest ti (preterite second-person singular)
adiodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
adion ni (first-person plural preterite)
adioch chi (plural preterite second-person)
adion nhw (plural preterite third-person)
adia (imperative second-person singular)
adiwch (imperative plural second-person)
adio (mutation mutation-radical)
hadio (mutation prothesis-h)


grefi

grefi (mutation mutation-radical)
ngrefi (irregular mutation mutation-nasal)


gari

cari (mutation mutation-radical)
gari (mutation mutation-soft)
nghari (mutation mutation-nasal)
chari (mutation mutation-aspirate)


doli

dolïau (plural)
dolis (plural)
doli (mutation mutation-radical)
ddoli (mutation mutation-soft)
noli (mutation mutation-nasal)


-leg

Adapted from English -logy with influence from native -eg.

bio- (“bio-”) + -leg → bioleg (“biology”)

ffeno- (“pheno-”) + -leg → ffenoleg (“phenology”)


teli

teli (mutation mutation-radical)
deli (mutation mutation-soft)
nheli (mutation mutation-nasal)
theli (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(literary) second-person singular present/future of talu


chalan

calan (mutation mutation-radical)
galan (mutation mutation-soft)
nghalan (mutation mutation-nasal)
chalan (mutation mutation-aspirate)


-od

buwch (“cow”) + -od → buchod (“cows”)

cath (“cat”) + -od → cathod (“cats”)

eliffant (“elephant”) + -od → eliffantod (“elephants”)

menyw (“woman”) + -od → menywod (“women”)

Gwyddel (“Irish man”) + -od → Gwyddelod (“Irish people”)


-od

dwrn (“fist”) + -od → dyrnod (“punch, thump”)

cleddyf (“sword”) + -od → cleddyfod (“sword stroke, gash”)

ffon (“stick”) + -od → ffonnod (“stroke with a stick, stripe”)


-od

rhyfedd (“strange, wondrous”) + -od → rhyfeddod (“wonder”)


turtur

turturod (plural)
turtur (mutation mutation-radical)
durtur (mutation mutation-soft)
nhurtur (mutation mutation-nasal)
thurtur (mutation mutation-aspirate)


eg.

Coordinate term: eb.

(grammar) Abbreviation of enw gwrywaidd (“masculine noun”).


gadd

cadd (mutation mutation-radical)
gadd (mutation mutation-soft)
nghadd (mutation mutation-nasal)
chadd (mutation mutation-aspirate)


unai

third-person singular imperfect/conditional of uno


-sen

(colloquial) verb suffix for the first-person plural conditional

(colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person plural conditional


nis

dis (mutation mutation-radical)
ddis (mutation mutation-soft)
nis (mutation mutation-nasal)


coroni

coroni (first-person singular present coronaf)

coronaf (first-person present singular)
coronaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
coroni (future indicative present second-person singular)
corona (future indicative present singular third-person)
coronwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
coronwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
coronant (future indicative plural present third-person)
coronir (future impersonal indicative present)
coronwn (conditional first-person singular)
coronwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
coronit (conditional second-person singular)
coronit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
coronai (conditional singular third-person)
coronai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
coronem (conditional first-person plural)
coronem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
coronech (conditional plural second-person)
coronech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
coronent (conditional plural third-person)
coronent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
coronid (conditional impersonal)
coronid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
coronais (first-person preterite singular)
coronaist (preterite second-person singular)
coronodd (preterite singular third-person)
coronasom (first-person plural preterite)
coronasoch (plural preterite second-person)
coronasant (plural preterite third-person)
coronwyd (impersonal preterite)
coronaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
coronasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
coronasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
coronasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
coronasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
coronasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
coronasid (impersonal pluperfect)
coronesid (impersonal pluperfect)
coronwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
coronych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
corono (present singular subjunctive third-person)
coronom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
coronoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
coronont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
coroner (impersonal present subjunctive)
corona (imperative second-person singular)
coroned (imperative singular third-person)
coronwn (first-person imperative plural)
coronwch (imperative plural second-person)
coronent (imperative plural third-person)
coroner (imperative impersonal)
coroni (noun-from-verb)
coronedig (participle)
coronadwy (participle)
corona i (first-person future singular)
coronaf i (first-person future singular)
coroni di (future second-person singular)
coronith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
coroniff e (future singular third-person)
coronwn ni (first-person future plural)
coronwch chi (future plural second-person)
coronan nhw (future plural third-person)
coronwn i (conditional first-person singular)
coronswn i (conditional first-person singular)
coronet ti (conditional second-person singular)
coronset ti (conditional second-person singular)
coronai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
coronsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
coronen ni (conditional first-person plural)
coronsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
coronech chi (conditional plural second-person)
coronsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
coronen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
coronsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
coronais i (first-person preterite singular)
corones i (first-person preterite singular)
coronaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
coronest ti (preterite second-person singular)
coronodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
coronon ni (first-person plural preterite)
coronoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
coronon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
corona (imperative second-person singular)
coronwch (imperative plural second-person)


ganit

canit (mutation mutation-radical)
ganit (mutation mutation-soft)
nghanit (mutation mutation-nasal)
chanit (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Crist

Crist (mutation mutation-radical)
Grist (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghrist (mutation mutation-nasal)
Christ (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Ecclesiastical Latin Christus, from Ancient Greek Χριστός (Khristós), proper noun use of χριστός (khristós, “the anointed one”), a semantic loan of Biblical Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (māšīaḥ, “anointed”).


Ý

The letter Y, marked for one of its short pronunciations, (/ɨ̞/ or /ɪ/), when in a stressed final syllable of a polysyllabic word.


-adur

From Proto-Brythonic *-adʉr. Cf. Latin -ātor.

ffoi (“to flee”) + -adur → ffoadur (“refugee”)

hen (“old”) + -adur → henadur (“elder, presbyter”)

agent suffix; usually added to a verbal root

enwi (“to name”) + -adur → enwadur (“glossary”)

merthyr (“martyr”) + -adur → merthyradur (“martyrology”)

mwy (“bigger”) + -adur → mwyadur (“microscope”)

palu (“to dig”) + -adur → pladur (“scythe”)


gwin

gwinoedd (plural)
gwinau (plural)
gwin (mutation mutation-radical)
win (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwin (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *gwin, from late Proto-Celtic *wīnom, borrowed from Latin vīnum.

(attributive) winy, like wine, pleasant, sweet; fine, excellent


melen

melen (mutation mutation-radical)
felen (mutation mutation-soft)


gil

cil (mutation mutation-radical)
gil (mutation mutation-soft)
nghil (mutation mutation-nasal)
chil (mutation mutation-aspirate)


hadu

cy-verb

hadu (first-person singular present hadaf, not mutable)

hadaf (first-person present singular)
hadaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
hedi (future indicative present second-person singular)
hada (future indicative present singular third-person)
hadwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
hedwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
hadwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
hadant (future indicative plural present third-person)
hedir (future impersonal indicative present)
hadwn (conditional first-person singular)
hadwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
hadit (conditional second-person singular)
hadit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
hadai (conditional singular third-person)
hadai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
hadem (conditional first-person plural)
hadem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
hadech (conditional plural second-person)
hadech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
hadent (conditional plural third-person)
hadent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
hedid (conditional impersonal)
hedid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
hedais (first-person preterite singular)
hedaist (preterite second-person singular)
hadodd (preterite singular third-person)
hadasom (first-person plural preterite)
hadasoch (plural preterite second-person)
hadasant (plural preterite third-person)
hadwyd (impersonal preterite)
hadaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
hadasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
hadasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
hadasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
hadasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
hadasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
hadasid (impersonal pluperfect)
hadesid (impersonal pluperfect)
hadwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
hedych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
hado (present singular subjunctive third-person)
hadom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
hadoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
hadont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
hader (impersonal present subjunctive)
hada (imperative second-person singular)
haded (imperative singular third-person)
hadwn (first-person imperative plural)
hedwch (imperative plural second-person)
hadwch (imperative plural second-person)
hadent (imperative plural third-person)
hader (imperative impersonal)
hadu (noun-from-verb)
hada i (first-person future singular)
hadaf i (first-person future singular)
hadi di (future second-person singular)
hadith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
hadiff e (future singular third-person)
hadwn ni (first-person future plural)
hadwch chi (future plural second-person)
hadan nhw (future plural third-person)
hadwn i (conditional first-person singular)
hadswn i (conditional first-person singular)
hadet ti (conditional second-person singular)
hadset ti (conditional second-person singular)
hadai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
hadsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
haden ni (conditional first-person plural)
hadsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
hadech chi (conditional plural second-person)
hadsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
haden nhw (conditional plural third-person)
hadsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
hadais i (first-person preterite singular)
hades i (first-person preterite singular)
hadaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
hadest ti (preterite second-person singular)
hadodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
hadon ni (first-person plural preterite)
hadoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
hadon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
hada (imperative second-person singular)
hadwch (imperative plural second-person)

From the same root as the noun had (“seed”). Cognate with Middle Breton hadaff and Breton hadañ.

to bring forth or produce seed, grow seed, multiply, become fruitful


Angell

Angell (mutation mutation-radical)
Hangell (mutation prothesis-h)

a unisex given name from angell (“arm, leg, limb”)


melyn

cy-adj

melyn (feminine singular melen, plural melynion, equative melyned, comparative melynach, superlative melynaf)

melen (feminine singular)
melynion (plural)
melyned (equative)
melynach (comparative)
melynaf (superlative)

From Middle Welsh melyn, from Old Welsh melin, from Proto-Brythonic *melɨn (compare Cornish melyn, Breton melen), from a derivative of Proto-Celtic *meli (“honey”) (compare Welsh mêl). More at mêl.


melyn

melynion (plural)
melyn (mutation mutation-radical)
felyn (mutation mutation-soft)

A yellow object.
A yellow flower; marigold


cyfarwyddiad

cyfarwyddiadau (plural)
cyfarwyddiad (mutation mutation-radical)
gyfarwyddiad (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyfarwyddiad (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyfarwyddiad (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cyfarwyddo (“to lead, direct; to instruct, advise; to prescribe; to make skilful, inform”) + -iad.

affix

direction, instruction, guidance, advice; recipe, prescription


Califfornia

Califfornia (mutation mutation-radical)
Galiffornia (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghaliffornia (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chaliffornia (mutation mutation-aspirate)

California (a state of the United States)


deles

deles (mutation mutation-radical)
ddeles (mutation mutation-soft)
neles (mutation mutation-nasal)

first-person singular preterite colloquial of dod


gril

griliau (plural)
gril (mutation mutation-radical)
ngril (irregular mutation mutation-nasal)


foron

moron (mutation mutation-radical)
foron (mutation mutation-soft)


foron

boron (mutation mutation-radical)
foron (mutation mutation-soft)
moron (mutation mutation-nasal)


lles

llesau (plural)
llesoedd (plural)
lles (mutation mutation-radical)
les (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh lles, from Old Welsh les, from Proto-Brythonic *lles, from Proto-Celtic *lexstus, see that entry for further etymology. Cognate to Irish leas.


lle

From Proto-Brythonic *lleɣ, from Proto-Celtic *legyom.

Mae'r lle 'ma'n brysur iawn drwy'r haf.

This place is very busy through the summer.

Oes 'na le yn y maes parcio 'na?

Mae rhaid i chi archebu lle ar gyfer y bws lleol.

You need to book a seat for the local bus.


lle

lle (mutation mutation-radical)
le (mutation mutation-soft)

Lle mae'r brifysgol?

O le wyt ti'n dŵad yn wreiddiol?


bocs

cy-noun

bocs m (plural bocsys or bocsiau or bocysau)

bocsys (plural)
bocsiau (plural)
bocysau (plural)
bocs (mutation mutation-radical)
focs (mutation mutation-soft)
mocs (mutation mutation-nasal)


desen

desen (mutation mutation-radical)
ddesen (mutation mutation-soft)
nesen (mutation mutation-nasal)

first/third-person plural conditional colloquial of dod


deses

deses (mutation mutation-radical)
ddeses (mutation mutation-soft)
neses (mutation mutation-nasal)


afan

afanen (singulative)
afan (mutation mutation-radical)
hafan (mutation prothesis-h)


tomatos

tomatos (mutation mutation-radical)
domatos (mutation mutation-soft)
nhomatos (mutation mutation-nasal)
thomatos (mutation mutation-aspirate)


neges

neges f (plural negeseuon or negesau, not mutable)

From Middle Welsh neges, from Proto-Brythonic *neges, from Latin necesse.

message (communicated piece of information)


myn

From Proto-Celtic *mendo- (“kid, suckling”), which could ultimately be from the same root as mwyn (“mild, tender”), though Stokes prefers a comparison to Ancient Greek μαζός (mazós, “breast”), Old High German manzon, Albanian mεnt (“suck”).
Cognate with Cornish mynn, Irish meonnán, Scottish Gaelic meann and Manx mannan.


myn

myn Duw


cario

cy-verb

cario (first-person singular present cariaf)

cariaf (first-person present singular)
cariaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
ceri (future indicative present second-person singular)
caria (future indicative present singular third-person)
cariwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
ceriwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
cariwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
cariant (future indicative plural present third-person)
cerir (future impersonal indicative present)
cariwn (conditional first-person singular)
cariwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
cerit (conditional second-person singular)
cerit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
cariai (conditional singular third-person)
cariai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
cariem (conditional first-person plural)
cariem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
cariech (conditional plural second-person)
cariech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
carient (conditional plural third-person)
carient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
cerid (conditional impersonal)
cerid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
ceriais (first-person preterite singular)
ceriaist (preterite second-person singular)
cariodd (preterite singular third-person)
cariasom (first-person plural preterite)
cariasoch (plural preterite second-person)
cariasant (plural preterite third-person)
cariwyd (impersonal preterite)
cariaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
cariasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
cariasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
cariasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
cariasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
cariasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
cariasid (impersonal pluperfect)
cariesid (impersonal pluperfect)
cariwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
ceriech (present second-person singular subjunctive)
cario (present singular subjunctive third-person)
cariom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
carioch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
cariont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
carier (impersonal present subjunctive)
caria (imperative second-person singular)
caried (imperative singular third-person)
cariwn (first-person imperative plural)
ceriwch (imperative plural second-person)
cariwch (imperative plural second-person)
carient (imperative plural third-person)
carier (imperative impersonal)
cario (noun-from-verb)
cariedig (participle)
cariadwy (participle)
cara i (first-person future singular)
caraf i (first-person future singular)
cari di (future second-person singular)
carith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
cariff e (future singular third-person)
carwn ni (first-person future plural)
carwch chi (future plural second-person)
caran nhw (future plural third-person)
carwn i (conditional first-person singular)
carswn i (conditional first-person singular)
caret ti (conditional second-person singular)
carset ti (conditional second-person singular)
carai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
carsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
caren ni (conditional first-person plural)
carsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
carech chi (conditional plural second-person)
carsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
caren nhw (conditional plural third-person)
carsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
carais i (first-person preterite singular)
cares i (first-person preterite singular)
caraist ti (preterite second-person singular)
carest ti (preterite second-person singular)
carodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
caron ni (first-person plural preterite)
caroch chi (plural preterite second-person)
caron nhw (plural preterite third-person)
cara (imperative second-person singular)
carwch (imperative plural second-person)
cario (mutation mutation-radical)
gario (mutation mutation-soft)
nghario (mutation mutation-nasal)
chario (mutation mutation-aspirate)


carrai

careiau (plural)
careion (plural)
carrai (mutation mutation-radical)
garrai (mutation mutation-soft)
ngharrai (mutation mutation-nasal)
charrai (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh karrei, from Old Welsh corruui, from Proto-Brythonic *korrɨɣ, from Latin corrigia.


charet

caret (mutation mutation-radical)
garet (mutation mutation-soft)
ngharet (mutation mutation-nasal)
charet (mutation mutation-aspirate)


mam-gu

cy-noun

mam-gu f (plural mamau-cu or mamguod or mam-gus)

mamau-cu (plural)
mamguod (plural)
mam-gus (plural)
mam-gu (mutation mutation-radical)
fam-gu (mutation mutation-soft)

From mam (“mother”) + cu (“dear, beloved”).


rif

rhif (mutation mutation-radical)
rif (mutation mutation-soft)


gelet

celet (mutation mutation-radical)
gelet (mutation mutation-soft)
nghelet (mutation mutation-nasal)
chelet (mutation mutation-aspirate)


asen

From Middle Welsh assen, from Proto-Brythonic *asen (compare Old Cornish asen, Middle Breton asen), from Latin asina.


asen

asennau (plural)
asen (mutation mutation-radical)
hasen (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Celtic *astonion (compare Cornish asenn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”) (compare Irish easna, Latin os, Albanian asht). Doublet of ais, related to asgwrn.