plant

cy-noun

plant m (collective, singulative plentyn)

plentyn (singulative)
plant
blant (soft)
mhlant
phlant

From Old Welsh plant, from Latin planta.


bore

From Middle Welsh bore, from Proto-Brythonic *bọreɣ, from Proto-Celtic *bāregos (“morning”). Cognate with Breton beure and Old Irish bárach (whence i mbárach (“tomorrow”), modern Irish amáireach and amárach).


nos

From Middle Welsh nos, according to Matasovic, a loanword from Latin nox (“night”), but according to Falileyev, from Old Welsh nos, from Proto-Celtic *noxt-stu-, a suffixed form of *noxs (“night”) (the expected Welsh descendant of this would be **noeth).
Cognates include Breton noz, Cornish nos and Gaulish nox


modern

cy-adj

modern (feminine singular modern, plural modern, equative mor fodern, comparative mwy modern, superlative mwyaf modern)

modern (feminine singular)
modern (plural)
mor fodern (equative)
mwy modern (comparative)
mwyaf modern (superlative)
modern
fodern (soft)


wythnos

wythnosau (plural)
wythnos
hwythnos (prothesis-h)


dydd

From Middle Welsh dyð, from Old Welsh did, from Proto-Brythonic *dɨð, from Proto-Celtic *dyīus (compare Cornish dydh, Breton deiz, Old Irish día), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (compare Latin diēs).


dydd Gwener

dydd Gwener
ddydd Gwener (soft)
nydd Gwener

/ˌdɨːð ˈɡwɛnɛr/

/dɨ̞ðˈɡwɛnɛr/

/dɨ̞ˈɡwɛnɛr/

/ˌdɨːð ˈɡwɛnar/

/ˌdiːð ˈɡwɛnɛr/

/dɪðˈɡwɛnɛr/

dydd (“day”) + Gwener (“Venus”), a calque of Latin diēs Veneris (literally “day of Venus”). Compare Spanish viernes; French vendredi; Italian venerdì; Romanian vineri.


dydd Sadwrn

dydd Sadwrn
ddydd Sadwrn (soft)
nydd Sadwrn

dydd (“day”) + Sadwrn (“Saturn”), a calque of Latin diēs Sāturnī (literally “day of Saturn”). Compare Spanish Saturday; Irish Satharn; Spanish zaterdag.


munud

From Middle Welsh munud, from Medieval Latin minūta (“60th of an hour; note”), possibly from Old French minute or Middle English mynute. Cognate with Breton munud.


dydd Iau

/ˌdɨːð ˈjaɨ̯/

/ˌdiːð ˈjɔi̯/

dydd (“day”) + Iau (“Jupiter”), a calque of Latin diēs Iovis (literally “day of Jupiter”). Compare Spanish jueves; French jeudi; Italian giovedì; Romanian joi.


dydd Mercher

dydd Mercher
ddydd Mercher (soft)
nydd Mercher

/ˌdɨːð ˈmɛrχɛr/

/dɨ̞ðˈmɛrχɛr/

/dɨ̞ˈmɛrχɛr/

/ˌdɨːð ˈmɛrχar/

/ˌdiːð ˈmɛrχɛr/

/dɪðˈmɛrχɛr/

From dydd (“day”) + Mercher (“Mercury”), a calque of Latin diēs Mercuriī (literally “day of Mercury”). Compare Spanish miércoles; French mercredi; Italian mercoledì; Romanian miercuri.


dydd Mawrth

dydd Mawrth
ddydd Mawrth (soft)
nydd Mawrth

/ˌdɨːð ˈmau̯rθ/

dydd (“day”) + Mawrth (“Mars”), a calque of Latin dīēs Mārtis (literally “day of Mars”). Compare Spanish martes; French mardi; Scottish Gaelic Dimàirt; Italian martedì; Romanian marți.


dydd Sul

/ˌdɨːð ˈsɨːl/

dydd (“day”) + Sul (“Sunday”), partial calque of Latin diēs Sōlis (literally “day of the Sun”). Compare Breton disul, Cornish de Sul, English Sunday, German Sonntag.


geneth

genethod (plural)
geneth
eneth (soft)
ngeneth

From Proto-Brythonic *genettā (“daughter”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-.


awr

From Middle Welsh awr, from Proto-Brythonic *ǫr, from Latin hōra.


amrantiad

amrantiadau (plural)
amrantiad
hamrantiad (prothesis-h)


dydd Llun

/ˌdɨːð ˈɬɨːn/

/ˌdiːð ˈɬiːn/

dydd (“day”) + Llun, partial calque of Latin diēs Lūnae (literally “day of the Moon”). Compare Breton dilun, Cornish de Lun; French lundi, Italian lunedì; English Monday, German Montag.


blwyddyn

cy-noun

blwyddyn f (plural blynyddoedd or blynyddau)

blynyddoedd (plural)
blynyddau (plural)
blwyddyn
flwyddyn (soft)
mlwyddyn

/ˈblʊɨ̯ðɨ̞n/

From Middle Welsh blwyðyn, from Old Welsh bloidin, from Proto-Brythonic *bluɨðėn (compare Cornish bledhen, Breton blizen), from Proto-Celtic *bleidanī (compare Old Irish blíadain), from *blēdū (compare Welsh blwydd (“age; year(s) old”)).


gaeaf

gaeafau (plural)
gaeafoedd (plural)
gaeaf
aeaf (soft)
ngaeaf

From Middle Welsh gayaf, from Old Welsh gaem, from Proto-Celtic *gyemos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰyem-.
Celtic cognates include Cornish gwav, Breton goañv, Old Irish gam (Irish geimhreadh). Indo-European cognates include Latin hiems, Ancient Greek χεῖμα (kheîma), Old Church Slavonic зима (zima), Sanskrit हिम (hima).


mis

From Proto-Celtic *mīns, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s.


eisteddfod

eisteddfodau (plural)
eisteddfod
heisteddfod (prothesis-h)

From eistedd (“sitting”) + bod (“being”).


byth

From Middle Welsh byth, possibly borrowed from Old Irish bith, in which case doublet of byd.


eira

eiraoedd (plural)
eira
heira (prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *ėrɣ (“snow”) (compare Cornish ergh, Breton erc’h).

Eira mân, eira mawr / Eira bras, eira bach.

Fine snow, large snowfall / Thick snow, small snowfall.


baban

babanod (plural)
baban
faban (soft)
maban

Middle English baban, babe, from Old English *baba


hydref

Possibly from hydd (“stag”) + bref (“bellow”), from the fact that autumn is the season when red deer rut. Cognate with Cornish hedra, Breton here.


haf

From Old Welsh ham, from Proto-Brythonic *haβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *samos, from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ó-.


tro

tro m (plural troeon or troeau or troau)

troeon (plural)
troeau (plural)
troau (plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *tro, related to Middle Breton tro and middle Cornish tro. The ultimate origin is unclear; sometimes said to be from Ancient Greek Τροία (Troía, “Troy”), referring to the city's maze-like walls, but this could just be a similarity enforced by folk etymology. It could instead be from corruptions of troed (“foot”), Latin torqueo (“I turn”), or Latin tropus/Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “a turn”). Also compare French troller (“to stroll, drag, wander about”). More at Caerdroia.

ar dro

in turns, alternately, occasionally; on a walk, on one's way

yr ail dro

y tro diwethaf


heno

From Old Welsh henoid, from Proto-Brythonic *henoɨθ, from Proto-Celtic *se noxt-. Cognate with Breton henoazh, Cornish haneth, Old Irish innocht.


calan

calannau (plural)
calan
galan (soft)
nghalan
chalan

From Middle Welsh kalan, from Proto-Brythonic *kalann (compare Cornish and Breton kalan), from Vulgar Latin *calandae, from Latin kalendae (“calends”).


plant dan oed

head

plant dan oed m (singulative plentyn dan oed)

plentyn dan oed (singulative)
plant dan oed
blant dan oed (soft)
mhlant dan oed
phlant dan oed


noswaith

cy-noun

noswaith f (plural nosweithiau, not mutable)

nos (“night”) + gwaith f (“time, occasion”)


oes

From Old Welsh ois, from Proto-Brythonic *oɨs, from Proto-Celtic *aissom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“life, age”). Ultimately cognate with Welsh oed, Latin aevus.


prynhawn

cy-noun

prynhawn m (plural prynhawniau or prynhawnau)

prynhawniau (plural)
prynhawnau (plural)
prynhawn
brynhawn (soft)
mhrynhawn
phrynhawn


amser

amser m or f (plural amserau or amseroedd or amserion or amseron)

amserau (plural)
amseroedd (plural)
amserion (plural)
amseron (plural)
amser
hamser (prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh amser, from Old Welsh amser, from Proto-Celtic *amsterā (“time, moment”); cognate with Old Irish aimser.


Blwyddyn Newydd Dda

/ˈblʊiðɪn ˈnɛ.wɪð ðaː/


Nadolig

From Middle Welsh Nadolyc, Nadolic, from Proto-Brythonic *Nadọlɨg, a borrowing from Vulgar Latin nătālicius, from Latin nātālīcius (“birth, birthday”).

Yfory yw'r Nadolig!


plygain

plygain m or f (plural plygeinau or plygeiniau)

plygeinau (plural)
plygeiniau (plural)
plygain
blygain (soft)
mhlygain
phlygain

Borrowed from Late Latin pullicantiō (“cockcrow”), referring to the medieval Missa in Gallicantu (Mass at Cockcrow).


gwanwyn

gwanwyn m (plural gwanwynau or gwanwyni)

gwanwynau (plural)
gwanwyni (plural)
gwanwyn
wanwyn (soft)
ngwanwyn

From Middle Welsh gwaeanhwyn, from Old Welsh guiannuin, from Proto-Brythonic *gwehantuɨn (compare Cornish gwenton), enlargement of Proto-Celtic *wesantos, oblique case of *wesr- (compare Irish earrach), from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥ (compare Latin vēr, Polish wiosna, Lithuanian vãsara (“summer”), Sanskrit वसन्त (vasantá, “spring”), वसर् (vasar, “in the morning”, adverb)).


nawn

Ultimately from Latin nōna (“ninth hour”) (short for nōna hōra), feminine of nōnus (“ninth”).


machlud haul

machludau haul (plural)
machlud haul
fachlud haul (soft)


plantos

plantos
blantos (soft)
mhlantos
phlantos

(plural only) little children, infants, tots (usually expressing affection, but sometimes derogatory)


brig y nos

brigau'r nos (plural)
brig y nos
frig y nos (soft)
mrig y nos


cyfnos

cyfnosau (plural)
cyfnos
gyfnos (soft)
nghyfnos
chyfnos

evening, dusk, gloaming, nightfall, twilight


tymor

tymhorau (plural)
tymor
dymor (soft)
nhymor
thymor

From Middle Welsh tymhor, from Latin tempus, tempor- (“time”).

term (period of time, period of an academic year)


pen-blwydd

pen-blwyddi (plural)
pen-blwydd
ben-blwydd (soft)
mhen-blwydd
phen-blwydd

/ˌpɛmˈbluːɨ̯ð/


blwydd

blwyddi (plural)
blwydd
flwydd (soft)
mlwydd

From Middle Welsh blwyð, from Proto-Brythonic *bluɨð, from Proto-Celtic *bleidū (“year”), related to *bleidanī (the source of blwyddyn and Old Irish blíadain), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyd- (“pale”), though the semantic connection is weak. See also Lithuanian blaĩvas (“whitish, blue, sober”), Proto-West Germanic *blait, Albanian blehurë.
Celtic cognates include Cornish bloodh, Breton bloaz; Old Breton blened, Welsh blynedd.

cog

Mae e'n flwydd

Bydd hi'n wyth mlwydd oed yfory.


unwaith

(used at the beginnings of fairytales) once upon a time


dwywaith

/ˈdʊɨ̯wai̯θ/


wedi

A later form of gwedi, from Old Welsh guetig, guotig, from Proto-Brythonic *wo-tig- (“in or after the end”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to sting, prick”). Compare Breton goude.

der

chwarter wedi naw

hanner awr ’di un


oed

From Middle Welsh oet, from Old Welsh oit, from Proto-Brythonic *oɨd, from Proto-Celtic *aitom. Cognate with Breton oad, Cornish ooj, oos.

Faint ydy ei oed o?

Mae o'n dri deg dwy oed.


eleni

Cognate with Cornish hevleni. From a compound of Proto-Celtic *so (“this”) and *bleidanī (“year”). (Compare heddiw, from *so and *dīyos (“day”).)


trannoeth

From tra- + an inflection of Proto-Celtic *noxt- (“night”), whence Welsh nos. Compare also heno (“tonight”) < Middle Welsh henoeth.


trannoeth

trannoeth
drannoeth (soft)
nhrannoeth
thrannoeth


trennydd

Related to tra- (“across”) + dydd (“day”).


neithiwr

Earlier neithiwyr, from Proto-Celtic *noxt-yēr-, a derivative of *noxs (“night”), from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts. Compare Breton neizheur and Cornish nyhewer.


diwrnod

diwrnodau (plural)
diwrnod
ddiwrnod (soft)
niwrnod

From Middle Welsh diwarnawt, borrowed from Vulgar Latin or Medieval Latin diurnāta (“a day’s work, a day’s journey, a fixed day, a day”), from Latin diurnus (“daily”), from diēs (“day”). Doublet of siwrnai.


gwyll

gwyllon (plural)
gwyll
wyll (soft)
ngwyll


cyfnod

cyfnodau (plural)
cyfnod
gyfnod (soft)
nghyfnod
chyfnod


cynnyrch

cynhyrchion (plural)
cynnyrch
gynnyrch (soft)
nghynnyrch
chynnyrch

cynhyrchu

to bring forth (fruit, seed, etc.), yield or grow crop (of), supply, furnish; to cause (to happen), effect, bring into existence, make, manufacture (goods, etc.); to be the author of, compose; to bring forward, present to view or notice, offer for inspection or consideration; to produce (play, etc.); to proceed, emanate; to present, offer; to represent; to grow, increase; to cause to increase; to quicken, inspire


pibonwy

cy-noun

pibonwy f (collective, singulative pibonwyen)

pibonwyen (singulative)
pibonwy
bibonwy (soft)
mhibonwy
phibonwy

/ˌpɪˈbɔnuɨ̯/


cyfddydd

cyfddyddiau (plural)
cyfddydd
gyfddydd (soft)
nghyfddydd
chyfddydd


penwythnos

penwythnosau (plural)
penwythnos
benwythnos (soft)
mhenwythnos
phenwythnos

From pen (“end, extremity”) + wythnos (“week”).


pymthegnos

pymthegnosau (plural)
pymthegnos
bymthegnos (soft)
mhymthegnos
phymthegnos

/pəmˈθɛɡnɔs/

(archaizing) Alternative form of pythefnos


Pasg

From Middle Welsh Pasc, from Proto-Brythonic *Pask, a borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin pascha, from Ancient Greek πάσχα (páskha), from Aramaic פסחא (pasḥa), from Hebrew פֶּסַח (pesaḥ). Cognate with Cornish Pask, Breton Pask, Irish Cáisc.

Yfory yw Pasg!


nos Wener

nos (“night”) + Gwener (“Venus, Friday”).


nos Fawrth

nos (“night”) + Mawrth (“Mars, Tuesday”).


nos Iau

/ˌnoː ˈʃaɨ̯/

nos (“night”) + Iau (“Jupiter, Thursday”).


nos Sadwrn

nos (“night”) + Sadwrn (“Saturn, Saturday”).


nos Fercher

nos (“night”) + Mercher (“Mercury, Wednesday”).


pythefnos

pythefnosau (plural)
pythefnos
bythefnos (soft)
mhythefnos
phythefnos

From Middle Welsh petheunos, from Proto-Brythonic *pɨmθeβ̃noɨθ (with loss of /m/ by dissimilation from /β̃/ and with attraction to nos (“night”)), from Proto-Celtic *kʷinkʷe-de(k)m noxtes (literally “fifteen nights”).

inh

*pɨmθeβ̃noɨθ


Alban Arthan

Alban Arthan
Halban Arthan (prothesis-h)

From alban (“quarter year, solstice”) + Arthan (“the Little Bear”), "the solstice of the Little Bear".


Alban Eilir

From alban (“quarter year, solstice”) + eilir (“spring”), "the solstice of spring".


Alban Hefin

From alban (“quarter year, solstice”) + hefin (“summer”), "the solstice of summer".


Alban Cyntefin

Alban Cyntefin
Halban Cyntefin (prothesis-h)

From alban (“quarter year, solstice”) + cyntefin (“spring”), "the solstice of spring".


Alban Hyfed

From alban (“quarter year, solstice”) + hyfed (“ready for reaping”), "the solstice of the time of reaping".


Alban Elfed

From alban (“quarter year, solstice”) + elfed (“autumn”), "the solstice of autumn".


cyhydnos

cyhydnosau (plural)
cyhydnos
gyhydnos (soft)
nghyhydnos
chyhydnos

cyhyd (“of equal length”) + nos (“night”). Calque of Latin aequinoctium.


cyhydnos y gwanwyn

cy-noun

cyhydnos y gwanwyn f (plural cyhydnosau'r gwanwyn)

cyhydnosau'r gwanwyn (plural)
cyhydnos y gwanwyn
gyhydnos y gwanwyn (soft)
nghyhydnos y gwanwyn
chyhydnos y gwanwyn


cyhydnos yr hydref

cyhydnos yr hydref f (plural cyhydnosau'r hydref)

cyhydnosau'r hydref (plural)
cyhydnos yr hydref
gyhydnos yr hydref (soft)
nghyhydnos yr hydref
chyhydnos yr hydref


heuldro'r haf

heuldro'r haf m (plural heuldroadau'r haf, not mutable)


heuldro'r gaeaf

heuldro'r gaeaf m (plural heuldroadau'r gaeaf, not mutable)


troad y rhod

troadau'r rhod (plural)
troad y rhod
droad y rhod (soft)
nhroad y rhod
throad y rhod


chwinciad

chwinciad m (plural chwinciadau, not mutable)


misol

cy-adj

misol (feminine singular misol, plural misol, not comparable)

misol (feminine singular)
misol (plural)


blynedd

From Middle Welsh blyneð, originally a plural, from Proto-Brythonic *blɨneð, earlier *blɨðneð, with syncope of -a- and pretonic shortening of -ē- to -ɨ-, from Proto-Celtic *bleidaniyās, nominative plural of *bleidanī (whence blwyddyn).


eiliad

cy-noun

eiliad m or f (plural eiliadau or eiliaid)

eiliadau (plural)
eiliaid (plural)
eiliad
heiliad (prothesis-h)


crwt

crwt m (plural cryts, diminutive crwtyn)

cryts (plural)
crwtyn (diminutive)
crwt
grwt (soft)
nghrwt
chrwt


echnos

the night before last
the night before last

the day before yesterday
the day before yesterday

the night before last, the evening of the day before yesterday


echdoe

day before yesterday
day before yesterday


mins-pei

mins-peis (plural)
mins-pei
fins-pei (soft)


llynedd

From Middle Welsh yrllyned. Seemingly formed as a derivative of blwyddyn / blynedd (“year”) with some prefix, though the details are unclear. Compare eleni (“this year”), and Breton warlene (“last year”).


byth bythoedd

O oes i oes ac am byth bythoedd.


yn oes oesoedd

Calque of Latin in saecula saeculorum (literally “in ages of ages”), a phrase found in the Latin Vulgate.


Siôn Barrug

/ˌʃoːm ˈbarɨ̞ɡ/

From Siôn (“Siôn, John”) + barrug (“hoarfrost”).


mymryn

From Proto-Brythonic *mɨmr (from Latin membrum (“member”)) + -yn.


oriawr

oriorau (plural)
oriawr
horiawr (prothesis-h)

From awr + -iawr. A borrowing from Latin hōrārium is unlikely for phonological reasons.


ysbaid

cy-noun

ysbaid m (plural ysbeidiau, diminutive ysbeidyn)

ysbeidiau (plural)
ysbeidyn (diminutive)
ysbaid
hysbaid (prothesis-h)


Jac y Rhew

From Jac (“Jack”) + y (“(of) the”) + rhew (“ice, frost”).


Noson Guto Ffowc

The celebration of Guy Fawkes Day (the 5th of November) in commemoration of the failure of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605.


cawell

cy-noun

cawell m (plural cewyll or cawellau or cawelli)

cewyll (plural)
cawellau (plural)
cawelli (plural)
cawell
gawell (soft)
nghawell
chawell


yr undydd

/əˈrɨ̞ndɨ̞ð/


undydd a blwyddyn

/ˌɨ̞ndɨ̞ð a ˈblʊɨ̯ðɨ̞n/

/ˌɪndɪð a ˈblʊi̯ðɪn/


undydd a blwyddyn

undydd a blwyddyn
hundydd a blwyddyn (prothesis-h)

/ˌɨ̞ndɨ̞ð a ˈblʊɨ̯ðɨ̞n/

/ˌɪndɪð a ˈblʊi̯ðɪn/


unnos

cy-adj

unnos (feminine singular unnos, plural unnos, not comparable)

unnos (feminine singular)
unnos (plural)
unnos
hunnos (prothesis-h)

tŷ unnos

house or hut built in one night on common land by a squatter


undydd unnos

/ˌɨ̞ndɨ̞ð ˈɨ̞nɔs/

/ˌɪndɪð ˈɪnɔs/


undydd unnos

undydd unnos
hundydd unnos (prothesis-h)

/ˌɨ̞ndɨ̞ð ˈɨ̞nɔs/

/ˌɪndɪð ˈɪnɔs/


Gŵyl Dewi

/ˌɡuːɨ̯l ˈdɛu̯.ɪ/

Gŵyl (“festival”) + Dewi (“(of) (Saint) David”)

com

Saint David's Day
Saint David's Day#English


Dydd Gŵyl Dewi

Dydd Gŵyl Dewi
Ddydd Gŵyl Dewi (soft)
Nydd Gŵyl Dewi

/ˌdɨːð ˌɡuːɨ̯l ˈdɛu̯.ɪ/

/ˌdɪɡʊɨ̯l ˈdɛu̯.ɪ/

/ˌdiːð ˌɡʊi̯l ˈdɛu̯.i/

Dydd (“day”) + Gŵyl (“(of the) festival”) + Dewi (“(of) (Saint) David”)


blwyddyn naid

cy-noun

blwyddyn naid m (plural blynyddoedd naid)

1 Mawrth yw'r 60fed dydd o'r flwyddyn yng Nghalendr Gregori (61ain mewn blynyddoedd naid).

March 1st is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years).


deufisol

cy-adj

deufisol (feminine singular deufisol, plural deufisol, not comparable)

deufisol (feminine singular)
deufisol (plural)

deu- (“bi-, two-”) + misol (“monthly”) or deufis (“period of two months”) + -ol.


tridiau

tridiau
dridiau (soft)
nhridiau
thridiau


yn hwyr neu'n hwyrach

(set phrase) sooner or later, eventually


cloch iâ

cy-noun

cloch iâ f (plural clych iâ or clochau iâ)

clych iâ (plural)
clochau iâ (plural)
cloch iâ
gloch iâ (soft)
nghloch iâ
chloch iâ