cenedl

cenhedloedd (plural)
cenedl (mutation mutation-radical)
genedl (mutation mutation-soft)
nghenedl (mutation mutation-nasal)
chenedl (mutation mutation-aspirate)

[ˈkʰɛnɛdl̩ˠ]

From Middle Welsh kenedyl, from Old Welsh kenedel (“kindred, family to the ninth degree of kinship”), from Proto-Brythonic *kenedl, from Proto-Celtic *kenetlom (“family”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken-.

inh

1588, Y Beibl cyssegr-lan, Luc 2:29-32:
Yr awr hon, Arglwydd, y gollyngi dy was mewn tangnefedd, yn ôl dy air: canys fy llygaid a welsant dy iachawdwriaeth, yr hon a baratoaist gerbron wyneb yr holl bobloedd; goleuni i oleuo y Cenhedloedd, a gogoniant dy bobl Israel.
Lord, now You are letting Your servant depart in peace, according to Your word; for my eyes have seen Your salvation which You have prepared before the face of all peoples, a light to bring revelation to the Gentiles, and the glory of Your people Israel.

(grammar) gender (of nouns, adjectives etc.)


menyw

Variant of benyw back-formed from the soft mutation fenyw.


menyw

cy-adj

menyw (feminine singular menyw, plural menyw, not comparable)

menyw (feminine singular)
menyw (plural)
menyw (mutation mutation-radical)
fenyw (mutation mutation-soft)


iaith

cy-noun

iaith f (plural ieithoedd or ieithiau or ieithau or ieithydd)

ieithoedd (plural)
ieithiau (plural)
ieithau (plural)
ieithydd (plural)
iaith (mutation mutation-radical)
hiaith (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh ieith, from Proto-Brythonic *jeiθ, from Proto-Celtic *yextis (compare Breton yezh (“language”), Cornish yeth (“language”), Old Irish icht (“tribe, people”)), from Proto-Indo-European *yek- (compare Latin jocus (“joke”), Old High German jehan (“to admit, to confess”), Tocharian A yask (“to demand, to beg”)). Doublet of jôc.

cog

gwlad heb iaith, gwlad heb genedl

a land without a language is a land without a nation


merch

merched (plural)
merch (mutation mutation-radical)
ferch (mutation mutation-soft)

From Proto-Brythonic *merx, from Proto-Celtic *merkā (compare Cornish myrgh, mergh, Breton merc’h), from Proto-Indo-European *méryos (“boy, girl”) (compare Scottish Gaelic smarach (“lad”), Latin marītus (“husband”), Ancient Greek μεῖραξ (meîrax, “boy, girl”), Old Armenian մարի (mari)). Related to morwyn.


ais

eisen (singulative)
ais (mutation mutation-radical)
hais (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh eis, from Proto-Brythonic *assī, from Proto-Celtic *astū, from pre-Celtic *h₂estōn, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”) (compare Irish easna, Latin os, Albanian asht). Doublet of asen; related to asgwrn.


moch

From Proto-Brythonic *mox (“pig”), from Proto-Celtic *mokkus.

(figuratively) greedy, dirty, lazy, drunk, or immoral persons

(mining) small pumps used underground in coal mines to remove water


Enid

Enid (mutation mutation-radical)
Henid (mutation prothesis-h)

(mythology) Enid, the long-suffering wife of Geraint in Arthurian romance.


Angharad

Angharad (mutation mutation-radical)
Hangharad (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Celtic intensive prefix *an(a)- + root *kar-ayo- (“love”) + the noun suffix *-at.


Rhian

Rhian (mutation mutation-radical)
Rian (mutation mutation-soft)

From rhiain (“maiden”), from Middle Welsh riein, first used in fiction.


stôl

cy-noun

stôl m (plural stolion or stolau or stoliau, not mutable)

stolion (plural)
stolau (plural)
stoliau (plural)


stôl

stôl m (plural stoliau or stolion or stôls, not mutable)

stoliau (plural)
stolion (plural)
stôls (plural)


stôl

stôl m (plural stolau or stolâu, not mutable)


offeren

offerennau (plural)
offeren (mutation mutation-radical)
hofferen (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh offeren, from Proto-Brythonic *oferen (compare Middle Cornish oferen and Middle Breton offeren), from Latin offerenda, from offerō.

mass (Eucharist or the celebration of it)


Pedr

Pedr (mutation mutation-radical)
Bedr (mutation mutation-soft)
Mhedr (mutation mutation-nasal)
Phedr (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Latin Petrus, from Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros), from πέτρος (pétros, “stone, rock”), related to πέτρα (pétra).

a male given name, equivalent to English Peter


plant dan oed

head

plant dan oed m (singulative plentyn dan oed)

plentyn dan oed (singulative)
plant dan oed (mutation mutation-radical)
blant dan oed (mutation mutation-soft)
mhlant dan oed (mutation mutation-nasal)
phlant dan oed (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Gwyneira

Gwyneira (mutation mutation-radical)
Wyneira (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngwyneira (mutation mutation-nasal)

From gwyn (“white, fair”) + eira (“snow”).


Siân

English: Sian

a female given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Jane


Siwan

a female given name, equivalent to English Joan


Trefor

Trefor (mutation mutation-radical)
Drefor (mutation mutation-soft)
Nhrefor (mutation mutation-nasal)
Threfor (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Welsh tref (“village”) and mawr (“big, great”).

a male given name, equivalent to English Trevor


Siôn

Borrowed from English John, from Late Latin Iōhannēs, from Koine Greek Ἰωάννης (Iōánnēs), from Biblical Hebrew יוֹחָנָן (Yōḥānān). Doublet of Ifan and Iwan.

a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English John


Gwyneth

Gwyneth (mutation mutation-radical)
Wyneth (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngwyneth (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Gwynedd, an area of Wales, or perhaps from Welsh gwyn (“white; fair”).


Bronwen

→ English: Bronwen, Bronwyn

Bronwen (mutation mutation-radical)
Fronwen (mutation mutation-soft)
Mronwen (mutation mutation-nasal)


Gwendolen

Gwendolen (mutation mutation-radical)
Wendolen (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngwendolen (mutation mutation-nasal)

From gwen (“white, fair, blessed”) + dolen (“ring, bow, hair, brow”).


Ioan

Borrowed from Late Latin Iōannēs, from Koine Greek Ἰωάννης (Iōánnēs), from Biblical Hebrew יוֹחָנָן (Yōḥānān).

(biblical) Certain men of the Christian Bible: John the Baptist, St John


gini

ginïau (plural)
ginis (plural)
gini (mutation mutation-radical)
ngini (irregular mutation mutation-nasal)


unioni

cy-verb

unioni (first-person singular present unionaf)

unionaf (first-person present singular)
unionaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
unioni (future indicative present second-person singular)
uniona (future indicative present singular third-person)
unionwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
unionwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
unionant (future indicative plural present third-person)
unionir (future impersonal indicative present)
unionwn (conditional first-person singular)
unionwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
unionit (conditional second-person singular)
unionit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
unionai (conditional singular third-person)
unionai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
unionem (conditional first-person plural)
unionem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
unionech (conditional plural second-person)
unionech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
unionent (conditional plural third-person)
unionent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
unionid (conditional impersonal)
unionid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
unionais (first-person preterite singular)
unionaist (preterite second-person singular)
unionodd (preterite singular third-person)
unionasom (first-person plural preterite)
unionasoch (plural preterite second-person)
unionasant (plural preterite third-person)
unionwyd (impersonal preterite)
unionaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
unionasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
unionasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
unionasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
unionasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
unionasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
unionasid (impersonal pluperfect)
unionesid (impersonal pluperfect)
unionwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
unionych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
uniono (present singular subjunctive third-person)
unionom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
unionoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
unionont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
unioner (impersonal present subjunctive)
uniona (imperative second-person singular)
unioned (imperative singular third-person)
unionwn (first-person imperative plural)
unionwch (imperative plural second-person)
unionent (imperative plural third-person)
unioner (imperative impersonal)
unioni (noun-from-verb)
unionedig (participle)
unionadwy (participle)
uniona i (first-person future singular)
unionaf i (first-person future singular)
unioni di (future second-person singular)
unionith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
unioniff e (future singular third-person)
unionwn ni (first-person future plural)
unionwch chi (future plural second-person)
unionan nhw (future plural third-person)
unionwn i (conditional first-person singular)
unionswn i (conditional first-person singular)
unionet ti (conditional second-person singular)
unionset ti (conditional second-person singular)
unionai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
unionsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
unionen ni (conditional first-person plural)
unionsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
unionech chi (conditional plural second-person)
unionsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
unionen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
unionsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
unionais i (first-person preterite singular)
uniones i (first-person preterite singular)
unionaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
unionest ti (preterite second-person singular)
unionodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
unionon ni (first-person plural preterite)
unionoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
unionon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
uniona (imperative second-person singular)
unionwch (imperative plural second-person)
unioni (mutation mutation-radical)
hunioni (mutation prothesis-h)


Gruffudd

→ English: Griffith, Griffin, Griffiths

Gruffudd (mutation mutation-radical)
Ruffudd (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngruffudd (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh Gripiud, from Proto-Brythonic *Grifujʉð.

a male given name from Old Welsh, borne by ancient kings of Wales


nai

From Middle Welsh nei, from Proto-Brythonic *nei, from Proto-Celtic *neɸūss, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts.


raser

From English raser a variation of razor.


Arglwyddes

Arglwyddesau (plural)
Arglwyddes (mutation mutation-radical)
Harglwyddes (mutation prothesis-h)

/arɡˈlʊɨ̯ðɛs/


Arglwydd

Arglwydd (mutation mutation-radical)
Harglwydd (mutation prothesis-h)


benyw

benywod (plural)
benyw (mutation mutation-radical)
fenyw (mutation mutation-soft)
menyw (mutation mutation-nasal)

Nominalized adjective, perhaps from Proto-Brythonic *banuyos,masculine derived from Proto-Celtic *ban-, whence Welsh banon (“maiden queen”), Old Breton ban-doiuis (“goddess”), Old Irish ban-chú (“female dog”); akin to Cornish benow (“feminine, female”). Further related to Old Welsh ben (“woman”), from Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn. Doublet of banw.


Gwenfrewi

A saint's name, from gwen (“white, fair, blessed”) + ffrwd (“brook, stream”).


potes

potesau (plural)
potes (mutation mutation-radical)
botes (mutation mutation-soft)
mhotes (mutation mutation-nasal)
photes (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Old French potage (“soup”), possibly via Middle English potage.


tŷ

tai (plural)
tŷ (mutation mutation-radical)
dŷ (mutation mutation-soft)
nhŷ (mutation mutation-nasal)
thŷ (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh ty, from Proto-Brythonic *tɨɣ, from Proto-Celtic *tegos, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg-.


Dylan

Dylan (mutation mutation-radical)
Ddylan (mutation mutation-soft)
Nylan (mutation mutation-nasal)


rheilffordd

rheilffyrdd (plural)
rheilffordd (mutation mutation-radical)
reilffordd (mutation mutation-soft)

Compound of rheil + ffordd. Calque of English railway


Alana

Alana (mutation mutation-radical)
Halana (mutation prothesis-h)

a female given name, masculine equivalent Alan


Anita

Anita (mutation mutation-radical)
Hanita (mutation prothesis-h)


tân

tanau (plural)
tân (mutation mutation-radical)
dân (mutation mutation-soft)
nhân (mutation mutation-nasal)
thân (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh tan, from Proto-Brythonic *tan, from Proto-Celtic *teɸnets (“fire”), from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“be warm”).
Compare Old Irish teine, Cornish and Breton tan.


pali

palïau (plural)
pali (mutation mutation-radical)
bali (mutation mutation-soft)
mhali (mutation mutation-nasal)
phali (mutation mutation-aspirate)


tacsi

tacsis (plural)
tacsi (mutation mutation-radical)
dacsi (mutation mutation-soft)
nhacsi (mutation mutation-nasal)
thacsi (mutation mutation-aspirate)


yfed

cy-verb

yfed (first-person singular present yfaf)

yfaf (first-person present singular)
yfaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
yfi (future indicative present second-person singular)
yf (future indicative present singular third-person)
yfwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
yfwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
yfant (future indicative plural present third-person)
yfir (future impersonal indicative present)
yfwn (conditional first-person singular)
yfwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
yfit (conditional second-person singular)
yfit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
yfai (conditional singular third-person)
yfai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
yfem (conditional first-person plural)
yfem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
yfech (conditional plural second-person)
yfech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
yfent (conditional plural third-person)
yfent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
yfid (conditional impersonal)
yfid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
yfais (first-person preterite singular)
yfaist (preterite second-person singular)
yfodd (preterite singular third-person)
yfasom (first-person plural preterite)
yfasoch (plural preterite second-person)
yfasant (plural preterite third-person)
yfwyd (impersonal preterite)
yfaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
yfasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
yfasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
yfasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
yfasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
yfasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
yfasid (impersonal pluperfect)
yfesid (impersonal pluperfect)
yfwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
yfych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
yfo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
yfom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
yfoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
yfont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
yfer (impersonal present subjunctive)
yf (imperative second-person singular)
yfa (imperative second-person singular)
yfed (imperative singular third-person)
yfwn (first-person imperative plural)
yfwch (imperative plural second-person)
yfent (imperative plural third-person)
yfer (imperative impersonal)
yfed (noun-from-verb)
yfedig (participle)
yfadwy (participle)
yfa i (first-person future singular)
yfaf i (first-person future singular)
yfi di (future second-person singular)
yfith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
yfiff e (future singular third-person)
yfwn ni (first-person future plural)
yfwch chi (future plural second-person)
yfan nhw (future plural third-person)
yfwn i (conditional first-person singular)
yfswn i (conditional first-person singular)
yfet ti (conditional second-person singular)
yfset ti (conditional second-person singular)
yfai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
yfsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
yfen ni (conditional first-person plural)
yfsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
yfech chi (conditional plural second-person)
yfsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
yfen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
yfsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
yfais i (first-person preterite singular)
yfes i (first-person preterite singular)
yfaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
yfest ti (preterite second-person singular)
yfodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
yfon ni (first-person plural preterite)
yfoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
yfon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
yfa (imperative second-person singular)
yfwch (imperative plural second-person)
yfed (mutation mutation-radical)
hyfed (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh yuet, from Old Welsh iben (imperfect), from Proto-Celtic *ɸibeti, from Proto-Indo-European *píph₃eti.


sos

From Middle English sauce, from Old French sauce.


miliwn

miliynau (plural)
miliwn (mutation mutation-radical)
filiwn (mutation mutation-soft)

Borrowed from Middle English milioun; see million for more.


rhefr

rhefrau (plural)
rhefr (mutation mutation-radical)
refr (mutation mutation-soft)

From Proto-Celtic *remros (“great, fat, thick”) (compare Breton reor (“backside, rump”), Irish ramhar (“thick, plump”)).


duw

duwiau (plural)
duwies (feminine)
duw (mutation mutation-radical)
dduw (mutation mutation-soft)
nuw (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh duu, from Old Welsh duiu, from Proto-Brythonic *duɨw, from Proto-Celtic *deiwos, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós.


llygad

llygaid (plural)
llygadau (plural)
llygad (mutation mutation-radical)
lygad (mutation mutation-soft)

Inherited from Middle Welsh llygat, from Old Welsh licat, from Proto-Brythonic *llugad, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to see”). Cognate with Cornish lagas (“eye”), Breton lagad (“eye”), Sanskrit लोचन (locana, “eye”)


stryd

Borrowed from Middle English strete, from Old English strǣt (“a road, a town-road, a street, a paved road, high road”), from Proto-West Germanic *strātu (“street”), an early borrowing from Late Latin (via) strāta (“paved (road)”).


trwynol

cy-adj

trwynol (feminine singular trwynol, plural trwynol, equative mor drwynol, comparative mwy trwynol, superlative mwyaf trwynol)

trwynol (feminine singular)
trwynol (plural)
mor drwynol (equative)
mwy trwynol (comparative)
mwyaf trwynol (superlative)
trwynol (mutation mutation-radical)
drwynol (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrwynol (mutation mutation-nasal)
thrwynol (mutation mutation-aspirate)


treiglad

treigladau (plural)
treiglad (mutation mutation-radical)
dreiglad (mutation mutation-soft)
nhreiglad (mutation mutation-nasal)
threiglad (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Er mor sylfaenol yw treiglo i ramadeg y Gymraeg, dim ond ar naw cytsain y gall effeithio. Y mae'r newidiadau'n ymddosbarthu'n dair prif gyfres o dreigladau, sef: i. y treiglad meddal, ii. y treiglad trwynol, a iii. y treiglad llaes.

1996, Peter Wynn Thomas, Gramadeg y Gymraeg, Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, page 683:

Despite mutation being so fundamental to Welsh grammar, it can only affect nine consonants. The changes are classified into three main series o mutations, namely: i. the soft mutation, ii. the nasal mutation and iii. the aspirate mutation.


Rhys

English surnames: Price, Reece, Rees, Reese, Rice

Rhys (mutation mutation-radical)
Rys (mutation mutation-soft)

From Old Welsh Ris (“ardor, fiery warrior”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hreth₂- (“to run”). Related to modern rhysfa (“attack”), rhys (“war hammer”), though these could have originated from the name.

a male given name from Old Welsh used in Wales since the Middle Ages


asgwrn

esgyrn (plural)
asgwrn (mutation mutation-radical)
hasgwrn (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh ascurn, ascwrn, from Proto-Celtic *astV-kornV- (compare Cornish/Breton askorn), compound of *ast- (“bone”) (more at ais) and *kornu (“horn”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂nom (compare Latin cornū, English horn), from *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn”).


brau

brau (feminine singular brau, plural breuon, equative breued, comparative breuach, superlative breuaf)

brau (feminine singular)
breuon (plural)
breued (equative)
breuach (comparative)
breuaf (superlative)
brau (mutation mutation-radical)
frau (mutation mutation-soft)
mrau (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *brus-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrus- (“to break apart, to shred”). Cognate with Cornish brew, Old Irish bruid. See also: briw (“wound, injury”).


cryman

crymanau (plural)
cryman (mutation mutation-radical)
gryman (mutation mutation-soft)
nghryman (mutation mutation-nasal)
chryman (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From crwm (“convex; crooked, bent, curved, bowed, hooked”) + -an (diminutive suffix).


gwely

gwelyau (plural)
gwelâu (plural)
gwely (mutation mutation-radical)
wely (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwely (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *gwölɨɣ, ultimately a combination of Proto-Indo-European *upo + *legʰ- (“to lie (down)”), but the intermediate pathway is disputed.
* GPC goes with Proto-Celtic *uɸo-legyom.
* Schrijver thinks this word is a paradigmatic split-off from the oblique stem of *uɸolexs, with gwâl (“lair”) coming from the nominative singular.
Cognate with Breton gwele, Cornish gweli.

there's more than one way of getting something done

mae mwy nag un ffordd i gael Wil i'w wely


migwrn

migyrnau (plural)
migwrn (mutation mutation-radical)
figwrn (mutation mutation-soft)


milwr

milwyr (plural)
milwr (mutation mutation-radical)
filwr (mutation mutation-soft)


llyfr

llyfrau (plural)
llyfr (mutation mutation-radical)
lyfr (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh llyuyr, from Proto-Brythonic *llɨβr, borrowed from Latin liber, librum.


myfyriwr

myfyrwyr (plural)
myfyriwr (mutation mutation-radical)
fyfyriwr (mutation mutation-soft)


cyllell

cy-noun

cyllell f (plural cyllyll or cylleill or cyllaill)

cyllyll (plural)
cylleill (plural)
cyllaill (plural)
cyllell (mutation mutation-radical)
gyllell (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyllell (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyllell (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh kyllell from Proto-Brythonic *kullell (compare Cornish kollell, Breton kontell), from Latin cultellus.


noswaith

noswaith f (plural nosweithiau, not mutable)

nos (“night”) + gwaith f (“time, occasion”)


mwg drwg

mwg drwg (mutation mutation-radical)
fwg drwg (mutation mutation-soft)


mwng

myngiau (plural)
mwng (mutation mutation-radical)
fwng (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh mwng, from Proto-Brythonic *mung, from Proto-Celtic *mongā. Cognate with Irish moing.


oes

oesoedd (plural)
oes (mutation mutation-radical)
hoes (mutation prothesis-h)

From Old Welsh ois, from Proto-Brythonic *oɨs, from Proto-Celtic *aissom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“life, age”). Ultimately cognate with Welsh oed, Latin aevus.


alcali

alcalïau (plural)
alcalïon (plural)
alcali (mutation mutation-radical)
halcali (mutation prothesis-h)

Borrowed from English alkali, from French alcali, ultimately from Arabic اَلْقِلْي (al-qily).


Anni

Anni (mutation mutation-radical)
Hanni (mutation prothesis-h)


einion

einionau (plural)
einion (mutation mutation-radical)
heinion (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh einiawn, from Old Welsh ennian. Compare Old Irish indéin (Irish inneoin).


allanfa dân

allanfeydd tân (plural)
allanfa dân (mutation mutation-radical)
hallanfa dân (mutation prothesis-h)


cors

corsydd (plural)
cyrs (plural)
cors (mutation mutation-radical)
gors (mutation mutation-soft)
nghors (mutation mutation-nasal)
chors (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Celtic *korks; related to Cornish kors (“reeds”), Breton korz (“reeds”), and further to Old Irish curchais (“reedbed”), and perhaps to Latin cārex (“sedge”). Cameron connects Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerbʰ- (“to turn (around), wind”), on the basis of Latin scirpus, reasoning that reeds and bulrushes were formerly used to make ropes. However, this root gave Middle Irish corb (“wagon(-seat)”), making it phonetically unlikely.


Catrin

Catrin (mutation mutation-radical)
Gatrin (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghatrin (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chatrin (mutation mutation-aspirate)

a female given name, equivalent to English Catherine


llaw

dwylo (plural)
deulo (plural)
llaw (mutation mutation-radical)
law (mutation mutation-soft)

From Old Welsh lau, from Proto-Brythonic *llọβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *ɸlāmā (whence Irish lámh (“hand”)), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂meh₂. Cognate with English palm, Ancient Greek παλάμη (palámē, “palm; hand”), Latin palma (“palm; hand”).
Plural is literally dwy law (“two hands”), but is also used to refer to three or more hands.


allor

allorau (plural)
allor (mutation mutation-radical)
hallor (mutation prothesis-h)

From Old Welsh altaur, from Proto-Brythonic *alltọr, from Latin altāre.


bwrdd

cy-noun

bwrdd m (plural byrddau or bwrddoedd or byrdd)

byrddau (plural)
bwrddoedd (plural)
byrdd (plural)
bwrdd (mutation mutation-radical)
fwrdd (mutation mutation-soft)
mwrdd (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh bwrt, from Old English bord (compare Irish bord); doublet of bord.

(mining) suspended scaffolding in a slate-quarry to hold three men against the face of the rock for boring a hole for blasting


Ania

Ania (mutation mutation-radical)
Hania (mutation prothesis-h)

a female given name from Russian Аня (Anja), equivalent to English Anya


trais

treisiau (plural)
treision (plural)
trais (mutation mutation-radical)
drais (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrais (mutation mutation-nasal)
thrais (mutation mutation-aspirate)


cynghanedd

cynganeddion (plural)
cynghanedd (mutation mutation-radical)
gynghanedd (mutation mutation-soft)
nghynghanedd (mutation mutation-nasal)
chynghanedd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

/kəŋˈhaːnɛð/


pysgod

pysgod m (collective, singulative pysgodyn)

pysgodyn (singulative)
pysgod (mutation mutation-radical)
bysgod (mutation mutation-soft)
mhysgod (mutation mutation-nasal)
physgod (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh pysgawd, from Proto-Brythonic *pɨskọd, borrowed from Latin piscātus, past participle of piscor (“to fish”), from piscis (“fish”). Originally a plural counterpart to pysg, from Proto-Brythonic *pɨsk (compare Cornish pysk, Breton pesk), which has however been displaced by the derived singulative pysgodyn.


acen ddyrchafedig
acen ddyrchafedig#Welsh

A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called acen ddyrchafedig (“raised accent”) in Welsh, and found on Á/á, É/é, Í/í, Ó/ó, Ú/ú, Ẃ/ẃ and Ý/ý.


dicter

dicterau (plural)
dicter (mutation mutation-radical)
ddicter (mutation mutation-soft)
nicter (mutation mutation-nasal)


mêr

mêr m (collective, singulative merion or meirion)

merion (singulative)
meirion (singulative)
mêr (mutation mutation-radical)
fêr (mutation mutation-soft)

From Proto-Celtic *smerus (“marrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *smérus (“grease”). Cognate with Irish smior.


brest

brest m or f (plural brestiau or brestau or brestydd or brestys)

brestiau (plural)
brestau (plural)
brestydd (plural)
brestys (plural)
brest (mutation mutation-radical)
frest (mutation mutation-soft)
mrest (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh brest, from Middle English brest. Compare Cornish brest.


gwrthwynebair

gwrthwynebair m (plural gwrthwynebeiriau)

gwrthwynebeiriau (plural)
gwrthwynebair (mutation mutation-radical)
wrthwynebair (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwrthwynebair (mutation mutation-nasal)

From gwrthwyneb (“opposite, contrary”) + gair (“word”).

af

antonym (word which has the opposite meaning)


cwmwl

cymylau (plural)
cwmwl (mutation mutation-radical)
gwmwl (mutation mutation-soft)
nghwmwl (mutation mutation-nasal)
chwmwl (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh cwmwl, from Proto-Brythonic *kuml, from Vulgar Latin *cumblus, from Latin cumulus (compare Cornish kommol, Breton koumoul).


blodyn

blodau (plural)
blodyn (mutation mutation-radical)
flodyn (mutation mutation-soft)
mlodyn (mutation mutation-nasal)

From old plural blawd (“flowers”) + -yn, from Middle Welsh blawt, from Proto-Celtic *blātus (compare Cornish bleujen, Breton bleuñv, Irish bláth), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”).


prynhawn

cy-noun

prynhawn m (plural prynhawniau or prynhawnau)

prynhawniau (plural)
prynhawnau (plural)
prynhawn (mutation mutation-radical)
brynhawn (mutation mutation-soft)
mhrynhawn (mutation mutation-nasal)
phrynhawn (mutation mutation-aspirate)


athro

athro m (plural athrawon or athrawion, feminine athrawes)

athrawon (plural)
athrawion (plural)
athrawes (feminine)
athro (mutation mutation-radical)
hathro (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh athro (“teacher”), from Proto-Brythonic *alltrọw, from Proto-Celtic *altrawū (“foster-uncle”), from *aleti (“to nourish”). Related to Breton aotrou m (“lord, gentleman”). Doublet of alltraw (“godfather”).


cryf

cy-adj

cryf (feminine singular cref, plural cryfion, equative cryfed, comparative cryfach, superlative cryfaf)

cref (feminine singular)
cryfion (plural)
cryfed (equative)
cryfach (comparative)
cryfaf (superlative)
cryf (mutation mutation-radical)
gryf (mutation mutation-soft)
nghryf (mutation mutation-nasal)
chryf (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh cryf, from Proto-Brythonic *krɨβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *kriɸmos (compare Breton kreñv, Cornish krev).
corff, a Latin borrowing, is from the same Proto-Indo-European root, *krep- (“body”).

tending to constipate, astringent (of medicine or substance)


sêr

cy-noun

sêr f (collective, singulative seren, not mutable)

From Proto-Brythonic *ster, from Proto-Celtic *sterā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. Cognate with Cornish ster, Breton ster.

sêr tywydd

barometer earthstars, Astraeus hygrometricus

sêr y Pyreneau

Pyrenean squills, Scilla Pyrenean squill


caledu

cy-verb

caledu (first-person singular present caledaf)

caledaf (first-person present singular)
caledaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
caledi (future indicative present second-person singular)
caleda (future indicative present singular third-person)
caledwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
caledwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
caledant (future indicative plural present third-person)
caledir (future impersonal indicative present)
caledwn (conditional first-person singular)
caledwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
caledit (conditional second-person singular)
caledit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
caledai (conditional singular third-person)
caledai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
caledem (conditional first-person plural)
caledem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
caledech (conditional plural second-person)
caledech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
caledent (conditional plural third-person)
caledent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
caledid (conditional impersonal)
caledid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
caledais (first-person preterite singular)
caledaist (preterite second-person singular)
caledodd (preterite singular third-person)
caledasom (first-person plural preterite)
caledasoch (plural preterite second-person)
caledasant (plural preterite third-person)
caledwyd (impersonal preterite)
caledaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
caledasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
caledasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
caledasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
caledasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
caledasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
caledasid (impersonal pluperfect)
caledesid (impersonal pluperfect)
caledwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
caledych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
caledo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
caledom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
caledoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
caledont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
caleder (impersonal present subjunctive)
caleded (imperative singular third-person)
caledwn (first-person imperative plural)
caledwch (imperative plural second-person)
caledent (imperative plural third-person)
caleder (imperative impersonal)
caledu (noun-from-verb)
calededig (participle)
caledadwy (participle)
caleda i (first-person future singular)
caledaf i (first-person future singular)
caledi di (future second-person singular)
caledith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
calediff e (future singular third-person)
caledwn ni (first-person future plural)
caledwch chi (future plural second-person)
caledan nhw (future plural third-person)
caledwn i (conditional first-person singular)
caledswn i (conditional first-person singular)
caledet ti (conditional second-person singular)
caledset ti (conditional second-person singular)
caledai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
caledsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
caleden ni (conditional first-person plural)
caledsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
caledech chi (conditional plural second-person)
caledsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
caleden nhw (conditional plural third-person)
caledsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
caledais i (first-person preterite singular)
caledes i (first-person preterite singular)
caledaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
caledest ti (preterite second-person singular)
caledodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
caledon ni (first-person plural preterite)
caledoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
caledon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
caleda (imperative second-person singular)
caledwch (imperative plural second-person)
caledu (mutation mutation-radical)
galedu (mutation mutation-soft)
nghaledu (mutation mutation-nasal)
chaledu (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(grammar, phonology, of consonant) to harden, pronounce as voiceless


Lladin

From Latin (lingua) Latina, from Latium.


calon

calonnau (plural)
calon (mutation mutation-radical)
galon (mutation mutation-soft)
nghalon (mutation mutation-nasal)
chalon (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh callon, from Proto-Brythonic *kalwon, from Proto-Celtic *kalwond- (“heart”). Cognate with Breton kalon.

(anatomy) heart
core (of apple, cabbage, etc.)

(anatomy) heart
center, inner or hidden part

(figuratively) seat of feeling, affection, will, and intellect; one's inmost being, the soul, the spirit; true emotion, mind, thought, intent, secret, etc.


clo

cloeon (plural)
cloeau (plural)
clo (mutation mutation-radical)
glo (mutation mutation-soft)
nghlo (mutation mutation-nasal)
chlo (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Brythonic *klọw, from Proto-Celtic *klāwos, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kleh₂w- (“hook, crook, peg”) (whence Latin clāvis).

clo bach

appliance to keep the wheel of a vehicle from turning on a steep slope; little lock

clo cyngan

correspondence of two consonants or groups of consonants in cynghanedd; conclusion, close

cloi

to lock, shut or bind fast, clinch; to conclude

(prosody) consonance or correspondence of consonants in cynghanedd; often figurative


helmed

cy-noun

helmed f (plural helmedi or helmedau, not mutable)


ès

esau (plural)
esys (plural)
ès (mutation mutation-radical)
hès (mutation prothesis-h)

The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.


cynaniad

cynaniadau (plural)
cynaniad (mutation mutation-radical)
gynaniad (mutation mutation-soft)
nghynaniad (mutation mutation-nasal)
chynaniad (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cynanu (“to articulate, to pronounce”) + -iad.


cae

From Middle Welsh kay (“hedge; enclosure”), from Proto-Brythonic *kaɨ, from Proto-Celtic *kagyom.
Compare Cornish ke, Breton kae, Old Irish caí; also Latin cohum, English haw. See also cau and caer.

Dwi'n cofio wnaethon ni grys Yr Iseldiroedd, ac fe wnaethon ni e mewn oren mwy llachar. Roedd hynny'n fodern a chyffrous, ac oedden nhw'n edrych yn dda ar y cae.

I remember we made the Dutch shirt, and we made it in a brighter orange. That was modern and exciting, and they looked good on the pitch.


llyfrgell

llyfrgelloedd (plural)
llyfrgell (mutation mutation-radical)
lyfrgell (mutation mutation-soft)


llaeth

llaethau (plural)
llaeth (mutation mutation-radical)
laeth (mutation mutation-soft)

From Proto-Brythonic *llaɨθ, borrowed from Latin lactis.


antimoni

antimoni (mutation mutation-radical)
hantimoni (mutation prothesis-h)

Borrowed from English antimony, from Medieval Latin antimonium, from Arabic إِثْمِد (ʔiṯmid), from Egyptian sdm, msdmt.


Aron

Aron (mutation mutation-radical)
Haron (mutation prothesis-h)

a male given name from Hebrew ʾAhărōn, equivalent to English Aaron


tapin

tapinau (plural)
tapin (mutation mutation-radical)
dapin (mutation mutation-soft)
nhapin (mutation mutation-nasal)
thapin (mutation mutation-aspirate)

blanket, coverlet, counterpane, cover, quilt, tapestry, carpet


amser

cy-noun

amser m or f (plural amserau or amseroedd or amserion or amseron)

amserau (plural)
amseroedd (plural)
amserion (plural)
amseron (plural)
amser (mutation mutation-radical)
hamser (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh amser, from Old Welsh amser, from Proto-Celtic *amsterā (“time, moment”); cognate with Old Irish aimser.


dŵr

dyfroedd (plural)
dŵr (mutation mutation-radical)
ddŵr (mutation mutation-soft)
nŵr (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh dwfyr, from Proto-Brythonic *duβr, from Proto-Celtic *dubros, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰubʰrós (“deep”). Compare Breton dour, Cornish dowr, Irish dobhar, Gaulish uerno-dubrum (name of a river).

Mae dŵr yn hanfodol i fywyd pob anifail.

Water is essential to the life of every animal.


mab

meibion (plural)
mab (mutation mutation-radical)
fab (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh and Old Welsh map, from Proto-Brythonic *mab, from Proto-Celtic *makʷos.


dihareb

diarhebion (plural)
dihareb (mutation mutation-radical)
ddihareb (mutation mutation-soft)
nihareb (mutation mutation-nasal)


abades

abadesau (plural)
abades (mutation mutation-radical)
habades (mutation prothesis-h)


syndrom

syndrom m or f (plural syndromau, not mutable)


bromin

bromin (mutation mutation-radical)
fromin (mutation mutation-soft)
mromin (mutation mutation-nasal)

Borrowed from English bromine, from French brome, from Ancient Greek βρῶμος (brômos, “stink”).


caill

ceilliau (plural)
caill (mutation mutation-radical)
gaill (mutation mutation-soft)
nghaill (mutation mutation-nasal)
chaill (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh keill, from Proto-Brythonic *köll (compare Breton and Cornish kell), from Latin coleus, from Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós).


apostol

apostolion (plural)
apostol (mutation mutation-radical)
hapostol (mutation prothesis-h)

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin apostolus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos, “one sent forth, apostle”).

der

(Christianity, also figuratively) apostle


rhugl

cy-adj

rhugl (feminine singular rhugl, plural rhuglion, equative rhucled, comparative rhuclach, superlative rhuclaf)

rhugl (feminine singular)
rhuglion (plural)
rhucled (equative)
rhuclach (comparative)
rhuclaf (superlative)
rhugl (mutation mutation-radical)
rugl (mutation mutation-soft)

fluent (able to speak a foreign language accurately and with confidence)


grefi

grefi (mutation mutation-radical)
ngrefi (irregular mutation mutation-nasal)


doli

dolïau (plural)
dolis (plural)
doli (mutation mutation-radical)
ddoli (mutation mutation-soft)
noli (mutation mutation-nasal)


eg.

Coordinate term: eb.

(grammar) Abbreviation of enw gwrywaidd (“masculine noun”).


Crist

Crist (mutation mutation-radical)
Grist (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghrist (mutation mutation-nasal)
Christ (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Ecclesiastical Latin Christus, from Ancient Greek Χριστός (Khristós), proper noun use of χριστός (khristós, “the anointed one”), a semantic loan of Biblical Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (māšīaḥ, “anointed”).


gwin

gwinoedd (plural)
gwinau (plural)
gwin (mutation mutation-radical)
win (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwin (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *gwin, from late Proto-Celtic *wīnom, borrowed from Latin vīnum.


hadu

cy-verb

hadu (first-person singular present hadaf, not mutable)

hadaf (first-person present singular)
hadaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
hedi (future indicative present second-person singular)
hada (future indicative present singular third-person)
hadwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
hedwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
hadwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
hadant (future indicative plural present third-person)
hedir (future impersonal indicative present)
hadwn (conditional first-person singular)
hadwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
hadit (conditional second-person singular)
hadit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
hadai (conditional singular third-person)
hadai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
hadem (conditional first-person plural)
hadem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
hadech (conditional plural second-person)
hadech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
hadent (conditional plural third-person)
hadent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
hedid (conditional impersonal)
hedid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
hedais (first-person preterite singular)
hedaist (preterite second-person singular)
hadodd (preterite singular third-person)
hadasom (first-person plural preterite)
hadasoch (plural preterite second-person)
hadasant (plural preterite third-person)
hadwyd (impersonal preterite)
hadaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
hadasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
hadasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
hadasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
hadasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
hadasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
hadasid (impersonal pluperfect)
hadesid (impersonal pluperfect)
hadwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
hedych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
hado (present singular subjunctive third-person)
hadom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
hadoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
hadont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
hader (impersonal present subjunctive)
hada (imperative second-person singular)
haded (imperative singular third-person)
hadwn (first-person imperative plural)
hedwch (imperative plural second-person)
hadwch (imperative plural second-person)
hadent (imperative plural third-person)
hader (imperative impersonal)
hadu (noun-from-verb)
hada i (first-person future singular)
hadaf i (first-person future singular)
hadi di (future second-person singular)
hadith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
hadiff e (future singular third-person)
hadwn ni (first-person future plural)
hadwch chi (future plural second-person)
hadan nhw (future plural third-person)
hadwn i (conditional first-person singular)
hadswn i (conditional first-person singular)
hadet ti (conditional second-person singular)
hadset ti (conditional second-person singular)
hadai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
hadsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
haden ni (conditional first-person plural)
hadsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
hadech chi (conditional plural second-person)
hadsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
haden nhw (conditional plural third-person)
hadsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
hadais i (first-person preterite singular)
hades i (first-person preterite singular)
hadaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
hadest ti (preterite second-person singular)
hadodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
hadon ni (first-person plural preterite)
hadoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
hadon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
hada (imperative second-person singular)
hadwch (imperative plural second-person)

From the same root as the noun had (“seed”). Cognate with Middle Breton hadaff and Breton hadañ.

to bring forth or produce seed, grow seed, multiply, become fruitful


Angell

Angell (mutation mutation-radical)
Hangell (mutation prothesis-h)

a unisex given name from angell (“arm, leg, limb”)


melyn

melynion (plural)
melyn (mutation mutation-radical)
felyn (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh melyn, from Old Welsh melin, from Proto-Brythonic *melɨn (compare Cornish melyn, Breton melen), from a derivative of Proto-Celtic *meli (“honey”) (compare Welsh mêl). More at mêl.

A yellow object.
A yellow flower; marigold


cyfarwyddiad

cyfarwyddiadau (plural)
cyfarwyddiad (mutation mutation-radical)
gyfarwyddiad (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyfarwyddiad (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyfarwyddiad (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cyfarwyddo (“to lead, direct; to instruct, advise; to prescribe; to make skilful, inform”) + -iad.

affix

direction, instruction, guidance, advice; recipe, prescription


gril

griliau (plural)
gril (mutation mutation-radical)
ngril (irregular mutation mutation-nasal)


carrai

careiau (plural)
careion (plural)
carrai (mutation mutation-radical)
garrai (mutation mutation-soft)
ngharrai (mutation mutation-nasal)
charrai (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh karrei, from Old Welsh corruui, from Proto-Brythonic *korrɨɣ, from Latin corrigia.


mam-gu

cy-noun

mam-gu f (plural mamau-cu or mamguod or mam-gus)

mamau-cu (plural)
mamguod (plural)
mam-gus (plural)
mam-gu (mutation mutation-radical)
fam-gu (mutation mutation-soft)

From mam (“mother”) + cu (“dear, beloved”).


asen

From Middle Welsh assen, from Proto-Brythonic *asen (compare Old Cornish asen, Middle Breton asen), from Latin asina.


batog

batogau (plural)
batog (mutation mutation-radical)
fatog (mutation mutation-soft)
matog (mutation mutation-nasal)

From English mattock with change of initial consonant.


topas

topas (mutation mutation-radical)
dopas (mutation mutation-soft)
nhopas (mutation mutation-nasal)
thopas (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from English topaz, from Old French topace, from Ancient Greek τόπαζος (tópazos).


asid

asidau (plural)
asid (mutation mutation-radical)
hasid (mutation prothesis-h)


bys

bysedd (plural)
bys (mutation mutation-radical)
fys (mutation mutation-soft)
mys (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh bys, from Proto-Celtic *bistis (finger).


Llydaweg

Llydaweg (mutation mutation-radical)
Lydaweg (mutation mutation-soft)


calsiwm

calsiwm (mutation mutation-radical)
galsiwm (mutation mutation-soft)
nghalsiwm (mutation mutation-nasal)
chalsiwm (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from English calcium, from Latin calx (“lime, limestone”), probably from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”). Doublet of calch (“limestone”) and sialc (“chalk”).


coffi

coffi (mutation mutation-radical)
goffi (mutation mutation-soft)
nghoffi (mutation mutation-nasal)
choffi (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from English coffee, from Dutch koffie (“coffee”), from Italian caffè (“coffee”), from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve, “coffee”), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee, a brew”).

der

Dw i'n hoffi coffi.

Gawn ni ddau goffi du.


selsig

cy-noun

selsig f (collective, singulative selsigen, not mutable)

From Middle Welsh selsig, from Old Welsh selsic, from Proto-Brythonic *selsig, a borrowing from Late Latin (farta) salsīcia (“sausage”), derived from Latin salsus (“salty, salted”). Doublet of sosej (“sausage”) and halen (“salt”). Cognate with Breton silzig, Cornish selsik, and more distantly with English sausage.

dbt

Bryd hynny, roedd yn rhaid iddo bob tro gael bwyta tun o Ffa Pob a Selsig cwmni Heinz, y bydda fo yn ei gario gydag o yn ei fag.

2006, Robin McBryde, Y Cymro Cryfa, Y Lolfa, →ISBN, page 64:

At such times, he always had to have to eat a tin of Heinz Baked Beans and Sausages, which he would carry with him in his bag.


twymyn

twymynau (plural)
twymyn (mutation mutation-radical)
dwymyn (mutation mutation-soft)
nhwymyn (mutation mutation-nasal)
thwymyn (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From twym (“warm”), from Proto-Celtic *teɸesmis, from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“be warm”).


pellter

cy-noun

pellter m (plural pellterau or pellteroedd)

pellterau (plural)
pellteroedd (plural)
pellter (mutation mutation-radical)
bellter (mutation mutation-soft)
mhellter (mutation mutation-nasal)
phellter (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From pell (“far (away), distant, remote”) + -ter.


afu

afuau (plural)
afu (mutation mutation-radical)
hafu (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh auu, from Proto-Brythonic *aβʉ, from Proto-Celtic *awV-. Cognate with Breton avu, Cornish avi, Middle Irish áe.


Blwyddyn Newydd Dda

/ˈblʊiðɪn ˈnɛ.wɪð ðaː/


blas

blasau (plural)
blas (mutation mutation-radical)
flas (mutation mutation-soft)
mlas (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh blas, from Proto-Brythonic *blas, from Proto-Celtic *mlasto-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mel-s- (“to try, taste”). Cognate with Cornish blas, Breton blaz, Irish blas; outside of Celtic, compare Russian молса́ть (molsátʹ, “to suck”).


Gweddi'r Arglwydd

Gweddi’r Arglwydd (canonical feminine)
Gweddi'r Arglwydd (mutation mutation-radical)
Weddi'r Arglwydd (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngweddi'r Arglwydd (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˌɡwɛðɪr ˈarɡluɨ̯ð/


gweddi

gweddïau (plural)
gweddïon (plural)
gweddi (mutation mutation-radical)
weddi (mutation mutation-soft)
ngweddi (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *gʷedis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰedʰ-.

Gweddi'r Arglwydd


dawnsio

cy-verb

dawnsio (first-person singular present dawnsiaf)

dawnsiaf (first-person present singular)
dawnsiaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
dawnsi (future indicative present second-person singular)
dawnsia (future indicative present singular third-person)
dawnsiwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
dawnsiwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
dawnsiant (future indicative plural present third-person)
dawnsir (future impersonal indicative present)
dawnsiwn (conditional first-person singular)
dawnsiwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dawnsit (conditional second-person singular)
dawnsit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dawnsiai (conditional singular third-person)
dawnsiai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dawnsiem (conditional first-person plural)
dawnsiem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dawnsiech (conditional plural second-person)
dawnsiech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dawnsient (conditional plural third-person)
dawnsient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dawnsid (conditional impersonal)
dawnsid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
dawnsiais (first-person preterite singular)
dawnsiaist (preterite second-person singular)
dawnsiodd (preterite singular third-person)
dawnsiasom (first-person plural preterite)
dawnsiasoch (plural preterite second-person)
dawnsiasant (plural preterite third-person)
dawnsiwyd (impersonal preterite)
dawnsiaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
dawnsiasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
dawnsiasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
dawnsiasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
dawnsiasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
dawnsiasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
dawnsiasid (impersonal pluperfect)
dawnsiesid (impersonal pluperfect)
dawnsiwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
dawnsiech (present second-person singular subjunctive)
dawnsio (present singular subjunctive third-person)
dawnsiom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
dawnsioch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
dawnsiont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
dawnsier (impersonal present subjunctive)
dawnsia (imperative second-person singular)
dawnsied (imperative singular third-person)
dawnsiwn (first-person imperative plural)
dawnsiwch (imperative plural second-person)
dawnsient (imperative plural third-person)
dawnsier (imperative impersonal)
dawnsio (noun-from-verb)
dawnsia i (first-person future singular)
dawnsiaf i (first-person future singular)
dawnsi di (future second-person singular)
dawnsith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
dawnsiff e (future singular third-person)
dawnsiwn ni (first-person future plural)
dawnsiwch chi (future plural second-person)
dawnsian nhw (future plural third-person)
dawnsiwn i (conditional first-person singular)
dawnswn i (conditional first-person singular)
dawnsiet ti (conditional second-person singular)
dawnset ti (conditional second-person singular)
dawnsiai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
dawnsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
dawnsien ni (conditional first-person plural)
dawnsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
dawnsiech chi (conditional plural second-person)
dawnsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
dawnsien nhw (conditional plural third-person)
dawnsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
dawnsiais i (first-person preterite singular)
dawnsies i (first-person preterite singular)
dawnsiaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
dawnsiest ti (preterite second-person singular)
dawnsiodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
dawnsion ni (first-person plural preterite)
dawnsioch chi (plural preterite second-person)
dawnsion nhw (plural preterite third-person)
dawnsia (imperative second-person singular)
dawnsiwch (imperative plural second-person)
dawnsio (mutation mutation-radical)
ddawnsio (mutation mutation-soft)
nawnsio (mutation mutation-nasal)

Mae Siân yn dawnsio gyda Siôn.
Siân is dancing with Siôn.


Ffrengig

cy-adj

Ffrengig (feminine singular Ffrengig, plural Ffrengig, not comparable, not mutable)

Ffrengig (feminine singular)
Ffrengig (plural)

French, pertaining to France (but not the language)


Ffrancwr

cy-noun

Ffrancwr m (plural Ffrancwyr, not mutable)


Saesnes

Saesnes f (plural Saesnesau, not mutable)


Nadolig

From Middle Welsh Nadolyc, Nadolic, from Proto-Brythonic *Nadọlɨg, a borrowing from Vulgar Latin nătālicius, from Latin nātālīcius (“birth, birthday”).

Yfory yw'r Nadolig!


Ffrances

Ffrances f (plural Ffrancesau, not mutable)


Sais

Sais m (plural Saeson, feminine Saesnes, not mutable)

From Middle Welsh Seis, from Proto-Brythonic *Sėɨs, borrowed from Latin Saxō. Cognate with Cornish Sows, Breton Saoz. Doublet of Sacson.


hapus

cy-adj

hapus (feminine singular hapus, plural hapusion, equative hapused, comparative hapusach, superlative hapusaf, not mutable)

hapus (feminine singular)
hapusion (plural)
hapused (equative)
hapusach (comparative)
hapusaf (superlative)

hap (“hap, chance, luck”) + -us, a calque of English happy.


awdl

awdlau (plural)
awdl (mutation mutation-radical)
hawdl (mutation prothesis-h)

A long poem written in Welsh using cynghanedd and one of twenty-four strict meters.


gwallt

gwalltiau (plural)
gwallt (mutation mutation-radical)
wallt (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwallt (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *gwollt, from Proto-Celtic *woltos.
Cognates
See also Cornish gols, Old Breton guolt, Irish folt, from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (compare English wold, Lithuanian váltis (“oat awn”), Serbo-Croatian vlȃt (“ear (of wheat)”), Ancient Greek λάσιος (lásios, “hairy”)).


cyfieithu

cy-verb

cyfieithu (first-person singular present cyfieithaf)

cyfieithaf (first-person present singular)
cyfieithaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
cyfieithi (future indicative present second-person singular)
cyfieitha (future indicative present singular third-person)
cyfieithwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
cyfieithwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
cyfieithant (future indicative plural present third-person)
cyfieithir (future impersonal indicative present)
cyfieithwn (conditional first-person singular)
cyfieithwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
cyfieithit (conditional second-person singular)
cyfieithit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
cyfieithai (conditional singular third-person)
cyfieithai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
cyfieithem (conditional first-person plural)
cyfieithem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
cyfieithech (conditional plural second-person)
cyfieithech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
cyfieithent (conditional plural third-person)
cyfieithent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
cyfieithid (conditional impersonal)
cyfieithid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
cyfieithais (first-person preterite singular)
cyfieithaist (preterite second-person singular)
cyfieithodd (preterite singular third-person)
cyfieithasom (first-person plural preterite)
cyfieithasoch (plural preterite second-person)
cyfieithasant (plural preterite third-person)
cyfieithwyd (impersonal preterite)
cyfieithaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
cyfieithasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
cyfieithasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
cyfieithasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
cyfieithasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
cyfieithasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
cyfieithasid (impersonal pluperfect)
cyfieithesid (impersonal pluperfect)
cyfieithwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
cyfieithych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
cyfieitho (present singular subjunctive third-person)
cyfieithom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
cyfieithoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
cyfieithont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
cyfieither (impersonal present subjunctive)
cyfieitha (imperative second-person singular)
cyfieithed (imperative singular third-person)
cyfieithwn (first-person imperative plural)
cyfieithwch (imperative plural second-person)
cyfieithent (imperative plural third-person)
cyfieither (imperative impersonal)
cyfieithu (noun-from-verb)
cyfieithedig (participle)
cyfieithadwy (participle)
cyfieitha i (first-person future singular)
cyfieithaf i (first-person future singular)
cyfieithi di (future second-person singular)
cyfieithith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
cyfieithiff e (future singular third-person)
cyfieithwn ni (first-person future plural)
cyfieithwch chi (future plural second-person)
cyfieithan nhw (future plural third-person)
cyfieithwn i (conditional first-person singular)
cyfieithswn i (conditional first-person singular)
cyfieithet ti (conditional second-person singular)
cyfieithset ti (conditional second-person singular)
cyfieithai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
cyfieithsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
cyfieithen ni (conditional first-person plural)
cyfieithsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
cyfieithech chi (conditional plural second-person)
cyfieithsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
cyfieithen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
cyfieithsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
cyfieithais i (first-person preterite singular)
cyfieithes i (first-person preterite singular)
cyfieithaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
cyfieithest ti (preterite second-person singular)
cyfieithodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
cyfieithon ni (first-person plural preterite)
cyfieithoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
cyfieithon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
cyfieitha (imperative second-person singular)
cyfieithwch (imperative plural second-person)
cyfieithu (mutation mutation-radical)
gyfieithu (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyfieithu (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyfieithu (mutation mutation-aspirate)

cyfieithydd

translator; interpreter; grammarian; person of same language or race as another; fellow-countryman

cyfiaith

of the same language, speaking the same language; speaking the vernacular or native language; familiar, skilled

cyfiaith

language, tongue; common or known language, native tongue, vernacular; people speaking the same language, fellow-countrymen; nation, folk; one who speaks the same language, compatriot, fellow, partner; translation


gwaith

cy-noun

gwaith m (plural gweithiau or gweithoedd or gweithydd or gweithion)

gweithiau (plural)
gweithoedd (plural)
gweithydd (plural)
gweithion (plural)

Doublets; from Middle Welsh gweith, from Proto-Brythonic *gweiθ, from Proto-Celtic *wextā (“time, course, turn”) (compare Cornish gweyth, Breton gwezh, Old Irish fecht (“journey; time, occasion”), Irish feacht (“journey; time, occasion”)), feminine past participle of Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to carry, drive”).

der

gwaith saer

craftsmanship, workmanship, ornamentation, art, execution

mynd i'r gwaith

gwaith dur

a working place, works, factory, manufactory; mine

(especially South Wales, in the plural) works (industrial district)

Pan fo grym 1 newton yn symud pellter o 1 metr, cynhyrchir 1 joule o waith.

When 1 newton of force moves [an object] a distance of 1 metre, 1 joule of work is generated.


gwaith

gweithiau (plural)
gwaith (mutation mutation-radical)
waith (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwaith (mutation mutation-nasal)

Rydyn ni wedi gwylio'r ffilm 'ma dwywaith

time (with cardinal numbers, 'how many times', etc.), occasion, course, turn


canwr

canwyr (plural)
canwr (mutation mutation-radical)
ganwr (mutation mutation-soft)
nghanwr (mutation mutation-nasal)
chanwr (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From canu (“to sing”) + -wr (agent suffix).


awyren

awyrennau (plural)
awyren (mutation mutation-radical)
hawyren (mutation prothesis-h)

Teithiodd hi i Ffrainc mewn awyren.


salm

Inherited from Middle Welsh salm, from Middle English salm, from Latin psalmus.


actores

actoresau (plural)
actores (mutation mutation-radical)
hactores (mutation prothesis-h)


megin

meginau (plural)
megin (mutation mutation-radical)
fegin (mutation mutation-soft)

Possibly from Proto-Celtic *makīnā, from the root *mak- (“leather bag”).


Cerdd Dant

Cerdd Dant (mutation mutation-radical)
Gerdd Dant (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngherdd Dant (mutation mutation-nasal)
Cherdd Dant (mutation mutation-aspirate)

A Welsh-language style of improvised vocals over a harp melody


cantores

cantoresau (plural)
cantores (mutation mutation-radical)
gantores (mutation mutation-soft)
nghantores (mutation mutation-nasal)
chantores (mutation mutation-aspirate)


tanc

tanciau (plural)
tanc (mutation mutation-radical)
danc (mutation mutation-soft)
nhanc (mutation mutation-nasal)
thanc (mutation mutation-aspirate)


achos

From Middle Welsh achaws, from Proto-Brythonic *axọs, from Vulgar Latin *accāsiō, from Latin occāsiō.

Fydd e ddim yma heddiw achos fod e’n sâl.

He won’t be here today because he’s sick.

Aethon ni ddim achos nad oedd digon o amser gyda ni.

We didn’t go because we didn’t have enough time.

because (followed by fod or a “that”-clause)


hâl

cy-noun

hâl m (plural halau or halion, not mutable)

From Proto-Brythonic *hal, from Proto-Celtic *sālos (“saltwater”), from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”).


soffa

From English sofa, from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa).


bromid

Borrowed from English bromide, analysable as brom- (“brom(o)-”) + -id (“ide”).


titr

titr (mutation mutation-radical)
ditr (mutation mutation-soft)
nhitr (mutation mutation-nasal)
thitr (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(music) one of the 24 metres in Cerdd Dant


ioga

ioga (mutation mutation-radical)
hioga (mutation prothesis-h)


clas

clasau (plural)
clas (mutation mutation-radical)
glas (mutation mutation-soft)
nghlas (mutation mutation-nasal)
chlas (mutation mutation-aspirate)

→ English: clas

From Middle Welsh clas, from Proto-Brythonic *klas, from Latin classis (“armed forces, fleet; group, rank, class”). Cognate with Irish clas (“choir”).


cyfystyr

cy-adj

cyfystyr (feminine singular cyfystyr, plural cyfystyr, not comparable)

cyfystyr (feminine singular)
cyfystyr (plural)


cyfystyr

cyfystyron (plural)
cyfystyr (mutation mutation-radical)
gyfystyr (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyfystyr (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyfystyr (mutation mutation-aspirate)


cist

cistiau (plural)
cist (mutation mutation-radical)
gist (mutation mutation-soft)
nghist (mutation mutation-nasal)
chist (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Old English cist or Middle English kist.


llusern

llusernau (plural)
llusern (mutation mutation-radical)
lusern (mutation mutation-soft)

Borrowed from French luzerne through English lucerne, ultimately from Latin lucerna.


ril

cy-noun

ril f (plural rils or riliau, not mutable)


modryb

modrybedd (plural)
modryb (mutation mutation-radical)
fodryb (mutation mutation-soft)

From Proto-Brythonic *mọdreb (“aunt”); compare Cornish modrep, Breton moereb.


teulu

teuluoedd (plural)
teulu (mutation mutation-radical)
deulu (mutation mutation-soft)
nheulu (mutation mutation-nasal)
theulu (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Celtic *tegoslougom, from Proto-Celtic *tegos (“house”) + Proto-Celtic *slougos (“troup, army”), equivalent to
tŷ + llu. Compare Cornish teylu, Irish teaghlach, Scottish Gaelic teaghlach, Manx lught thie.


ewythr

ewythredd (plural)
ewythr (mutation mutation-radical)
hewythr (mutation prothesis-h)

[ˈɛu̯.ɨ̞θr̩]

From Middle Welsh ewythyr, from Proto-Celtic *awontīr (compare Cornish ewnter, Breton eontr, Old Irish amnair), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwh₂- (“(maternal) grandfather/uncle”) (compare Middle Irish ó, Latin avus (“grandfather”), avunculus (“maternal uncle”), dialectal German Awwe (“grandfather”), Oheim (“uncle”).


cefnder

cy-noun

cefnder m (plural cefndryd or cefndyr, feminine cyfnither)

cefndryd (plural)
cefndyr (plural)
cyfnither (feminine)
cefnder (mutation mutation-radical)
gefnder (mutation mutation-soft)
nghefnder (mutation mutation-nasal)
chefnder (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From ceifn (“cousin, kinsman”) + derw (“true”) (compare Cornish kanderu, Breton kenderf, Old Irish der(b)bráthair).


brawd

brodiau (plural)
brawd (mutation mutation-radical)
frawd (mutation mutation-soft)
mrawd (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Old Welsh braut (“judgment”), from Proto-Celtic *brātus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷérHtus.


chwaer

cy-noun

chwaer f (plural chwiorydd or chwioredd or chwaeoredd, diminutive chwaeren, not mutable)

chwiorydd (plural)
chwioredd (plural)
chwaeoredd (plural)
chwaeren (diminutive)
chwaer (mutation mutation-radical)

From Proto-Brythonic *hwoɨr (compare Breton c’hoar), from Proto-Celtic *swesūr (compare Old Irish siur), from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.

sister, half-sister
(figuratively) female mate, partner

sister, half-sister
female mate, partner


taid

teidiau (plural)
taid (mutation mutation-radical)
daid (mutation mutation-soft)
nhaid (mutation mutation-nasal)
thaid (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Andras

Andras (mutation mutation-radical)
Handras (mutation prothesis-h)

a male given name from Ancient Greek Ἀνδρέᾱς (Andréās), equivalent to English Andrew


palas

palasau (plural)
palas (mutation mutation-radical)
balas (mutation mutation-soft)
mhalas (mutation mutation-nasal)
phalas (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from Old French palais, from Latin palātium.


barrug

barrug (mutation mutation-radical)
farrug (mutation mutation-soft)
marrug (mutation mutation-nasal)

barugo

to become or form hoar frost, to be frosty


saim

Borrowed from Middle English seym. from Old French saim.


uchafu

cy-verb

uchafu (first-person singular present uchafaf)

uchafaf (first-person present singular)
uchafaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
uchefi (future indicative present second-person singular)
uchafa (future indicative present singular third-person)
uchafwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
uchefwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
uchafwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
uchafant (future indicative plural present third-person)
uchefir (future impersonal indicative present)
uchafwn (conditional first-person singular)
uchafwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
uchafit (conditional second-person singular)
uchafit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
uchafai (conditional singular third-person)
uchafai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
uchafem (conditional first-person plural)
uchafem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
uchafech (conditional plural second-person)
uchafech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
uchafent (conditional plural third-person)
uchafent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
uchefid (conditional impersonal)
uchefid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
uchefais (first-person preterite singular)
uchefaist (preterite second-person singular)
uchafodd (preterite singular third-person)
uchafasom (first-person plural preterite)
uchafasoch (plural preterite second-person)
uchafasant (plural preterite third-person)
uchafwyd (impersonal preterite)
uchafaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
uchafasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
uchafasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
uchafasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
uchafasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
uchafasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
uchafasid (impersonal pluperfect)
uchafesid (impersonal pluperfect)
uchafwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
uchefych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
uchafo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
uchafom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
uchafoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
uchafont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
uchafer (impersonal present subjunctive)
uchafa (imperative second-person singular)
uchafed (imperative singular third-person)
uchafwn (first-person imperative plural)
uchefwch (imperative plural second-person)
uchafwch (imperative plural second-person)
uchafent (imperative plural third-person)
uchafer (imperative impersonal)
uchafu (noun-from-verb)
uchafedig (participle)
uchafadwy (participle)
uchafa i (first-person future singular)
uchafaf i (first-person future singular)
uchafi di (future second-person singular)
uchafith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
uchafiff e (future singular third-person)
uchafwn ni (first-person future plural)
uchafwch chi (future plural second-person)
uchafan nhw (future plural third-person)
uchafwn i (conditional first-person singular)
uchafswn i (conditional first-person singular)
uchafet ti (conditional second-person singular)
uchafset ti (conditional second-person singular)
uchafai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
uchafsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
uchafen ni (conditional first-person plural)
uchafsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
uchafech chi (conditional plural second-person)
uchafsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
uchafen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
uchafsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
uchafais i (first-person preterite singular)
uchafes i (first-person preterite singular)
uchafaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
uchafest ti (preterite second-person singular)
uchafodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
uchafon ni (first-person plural preterite)
uchafoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
uchafon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
uchafa (imperative second-person singular)
uchafwch (imperative plural second-person)
uchafu (mutation mutation-radical)
huchafu (mutation prothesis-h)


Cadan

Cadan (mutation mutation-radical)
Gadan (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghadan (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chadan (mutation mutation-aspirate)


gwaled

gwaledau (plural)
gwaledi (plural)
gwaled (mutation mutation-radical)
waled (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwaled (mutation mutation-nasal)


gwâl

gwalau (plural)
gwaliau (plural)
gwâl (mutation mutation-radical)
wâl (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwâl (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *uɸo-leg-s, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie, recline”).


criced

criced (mutation mutation-radical)
griced (mutation mutation-soft)
nghriced (mutation mutation-nasal)
chriced (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Gêm ddwl yw criced.


folt

cy-noun

folt m (plural foltau or foltiau, not mutable)

Borrowed from English volt, from the name of the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta.


plas

plasau (plural)
plas (mutation mutation-radical)
blas (mutation mutation-soft)
mhlas (mutation mutation-nasal)
phlas (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ỳ

The name of the Latin-script letter Y/y.


ec

eciau (plural)
ec (mutation mutation-radical)
hec (mutation prothesis-h)

The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.


aloi

aloion (plural)
aloiau (plural)
aloi (mutation mutation-radical)
haloi (mutation prothesis-h)


tril

triliau (plural)
tril (mutation mutation-radical)
dril (mutation mutation-soft)
nhril (mutation mutation-nasal)
thril (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From English trill, from Italian trillare of imitative origin.


cywydd

cywyddau (plural)
cywydd (mutation mutation-radical)
gywydd (mutation mutation-soft)
nghywydd (mutation mutation-nasal)
chywydd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Proto-Celtic *kom-wido-; compare Old Irish cubaid (“harmony”).


galanas

galanas f (plural galanasau or galanasoedd)

galanasau (plural)
galanasoedd (plural)
galanas (mutation mutation-radical)
alanas (mutation mutation-soft)
ngalanas (mutation mutation-nasal)

Compare Middle Irish galannas (“carnage”).

noncog

Sanskrit कदन (kadana, “destruction, slaughter”)

der

Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, slay”)

(law, historical) blood money, weregild, the fine paid by a murderer to the lord and family of his victim

(law, historical) the act of murder itself


plygain

cy-noun

plygain m or f (plural plygeinau or plygeiniau)

plygeinau (plural)
plygeiniau (plural)
plygain (mutation mutation-radical)
blygain (mutation mutation-soft)
mhlygain (mutation mutation-nasal)
phlygain (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from Late Latin pullicantiō (“cockcrow”), referring to the medieval Missa in Gallicantu (Mass at Cockcrow).


telyn

telynau (plural)
telyn (mutation mutation-radical)
delyn (mutation mutation-soft)
nhelyn (mutation mutation-nasal)
thelyn (mutation mutation-aspirate)


braich

breichiau (plural)
braich (mutation mutation-radical)
fraich (mutation mutation-soft)
mraich (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh breich, from Proto-Brythonic *brėx, from Latin bracchium. Compare Cornish bregh, Breton brec'h.
This is one of a number of nouns that were masculine in Middle Welsh but became feminine in Modern Welsh; others include chwedl, damwain, dinas, and grudd.


angladd

angladdau (plural)
angladd (mutation mutation-radical)
hangladd (mutation prothesis-h)

an- + cladd (“burial”) (deverbal of claddu (“to bury”))


perl

perlau (plural)
perl (mutation mutation-radical)
berl (mutation mutation-soft)
mherl (mutation mutation-nasal)
pherl (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh perl, from Middle English perle, from Old French perle, from Medieval Latin perula (literally “little pear”).


deng

deng (mutation mutation-radical)
ddeng (mutation mutation-soft)
neng (mutation mutation-nasal)

(cardinal number) Alternative form of deg (“ten”)


pastai

pasteiod (plural)
pastai (mutation mutation-radical)
bastai (mutation mutation-soft)
mhastai (mutation mutation-nasal)
phastai (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle English pastey and English pasty.


bual

cy-noun

bual m (plural buail or bualod or bualau)

buail (plural)
bualod (plural)
bualau (plural)
bual (mutation mutation-radical)
fual (mutation mutation-soft)
mual (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh bual, from Proto-Brythonic *bʉβal, from Latin būbalus, from Ancient Greek βούβαλος (boúbalos). Compare Breton bual.


Alwina

Alwina (mutation mutation-radical)
Halwina (mutation prothesis-h)

Alternative form of Alwena: a female given name, masculine equivalent Alwyn


geiriadurwr

geiriadurwyr (plural)
geiriadurwr (mutation mutation-radical)
eiriadurwr (mutation mutation-soft)
ngeiriadurwr (mutation mutation-nasal)


soddgrwth

soddgrwth m (plural soddgrythau, not mutable)


basgrwth

basgrythau (plural)
basgrwth (mutation mutation-radical)
fasgrwth (mutation mutation-soft)
masgrwth (mutation mutation-nasal)


bas dwbl

basau dwbl (plural)
bas dwbl (mutation mutation-radical)
fas dwbl (mutation mutation-soft)
mas dwbl (mutation mutation-nasal)


afanc

afancod (plural)
afanc (mutation mutation-radical)
hafanc (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *aβank, from Proto-Celtic *abankos (compare Breton avank, Irish abhac (“dwarf”)), from *abū (“river”). More at afon.


dolur

dolur m or f (plural doluriau or dolurion)

doluriau (plural)
dolurion (plural)
dolur (mutation mutation-radical)
ddolur (mutation mutation-soft)
nolur (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh dolur, from Proto-Brythonic *dolʉr, from Latin dolor.


canopi

canopïau (plural)
canopi (mutation mutation-radical)
ganopi (mutation mutation-soft)
nghanopi (mutation mutation-nasal)
chanopi (mutation mutation-aspirate)


athrawes

athrawes f (plural athrawesau, masculine athro)

athrawesau (plural)
athro (masculine)
athrawes (mutation mutation-radical)
hathrawes (mutation prothesis-h)

From athro (“(male) teacher”) + -es. Doublet of alltrawes (“godmother”) and elltrewyn (“stepmother”).


dysgwr

dysgwyr (plural)
dysgwr (mutation mutation-radical)
ddysgwr (mutation mutation-soft)
nysgwr (mutation mutation-nasal)


peiriannwr

peiriannwyr (plural)
peiriannwr (mutation mutation-radical)
beiriannwr (mutation mutation-soft)
mheiriannwr (mutation mutation-nasal)
pheiriannwr (mutation mutation-aspirate)


peiriannydd

peiriannwyr (plural)
peiriannydd (mutation mutation-radical)
beiriannydd (mutation mutation-soft)
mheiriannydd (mutation mutation-nasal)
pheiriannydd (mutation mutation-aspirate)


llwy

llwyau (plural)
llwy (mutation mutation-radical)
lwy (mutation mutation-soft)

From Proto-Brythonic *lluɨɣ, from Proto-Celtic *leigā. Cognate with Cornish lo, Breton loa (Vannes dialect loé, lui).


wyres

wyresau (plural)
wyres (mutation mutation-radical)
hwyres (mutation prothesis-h)


cimwch

cy-noun

cimwch m (plural cimychiaid or cimychod or cimych)

cimychiaid (plural)
cimychod (plural)
cimych (plural)
cimwch (mutation mutation-radical)
gimwch (mutation mutation-soft)
nghimwch (mutation mutation-nasal)
chimwch (mutation mutation-aspirate)

. Possibly cognate to Irish gliomach, Scottish Gaelic giomach, Manx gimmagh.

(by extension) a crabbed, surly or clumsy person


trosgynnol

cy-adj

trosgynnol (feminine singular trosgynnol, plural trosgynnol, not comparable)

trosgynnol (feminine singular)
trosgynnol (plural)
trosgynnol (mutation mutation-radical)
drosgynnol (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrosgynnol (mutation mutation-nasal)
throsgynnol (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Calque of Latin trānscendēns. By surface analysis, tros- (“trans-”) + cwnnu (“to ascend”) + -ol or tros- (“trans-”) + cynnu (“to descend”) + -ol.


cwrw

cyrfau (plural)
cwrwau (plural)
cwrw (mutation mutation-radical)
gwrw (mutation mutation-soft)
nghwrw (mutation mutation-nasal)
chwrw (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh cwrwf, from Old Welsh curum, from Proto-Brythonic *kurβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *kurman or *kurmi. Compare with Breton korev.


goleuni

goleuni (mutation mutation-radical)
oleuni (mutation mutation-soft)
ngoleuni (mutation mutation-nasal)


ewin

ewinedd (plural)
ewin (mutation mutation-radical)
hewin (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh ewin, from Old Welsh eguin, from Proto-Brythonic *ėɣwin, from Proto-Celtic *angʷīnā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃nogʰ- (“nail”).
Compare Cornish ewyn, Breton ivin, Irish ionga; also Latin unguis, English nail, Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux), Russian ноготь (nogotʹ).


golau

goleuadau (plural)
goleuon (plural)
golau (mutation mutation-radical)
olau (mutation mutation-soft)
ngolau (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh goleu, from Proto-Brythonic *gwoluɣʉ, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-. Compare Cornish golow and Breton gouloù.


eboles

ebolesau (plural)
eboles (mutation mutation-radical)
heboles (mutation prothesis-h)

From ebol (“foal, colt”) + -es (“female”).


trên

trenau (plural)
trên (mutation mutation-radical)
drên (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrên (mutation mutation-nasal)
thrên (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Na, dw i'n mynd ar y trên.


Rhufeiniwr

Rhufeinwyr (plural)
Rhufeiniwr (mutation mutation-radical)
Rufeiniwr (mutation mutation-soft)


Rhufeiniad

Rhufeiniaid (plural)
Rhufeiniad (mutation mutation-radical)
Rufeiniad (mutation mutation-soft)

(in the plural, biblical) Romans (epistle)


llysfam

llysfamau (plural)
llysfam (mutation mutation-radical)
lysfam (mutation mutation-soft)


llysferch

llysferched (plural)
llysferch (mutation mutation-radical)
lysferch (mutation mutation-soft)


llysfab

llysfeibion (plural)
llysfab (mutation mutation-radical)
lysfab (mutation mutation-soft)


llystad

llystadau (plural)
llystad (mutation mutation-radical)
lystad (mutation mutation-soft)

llys- (“step-”) + tad (“father”), cognate to Breton leztad


triongl isosgeles

cy-noun

triongl isosgeles m (plural trionglau isosgeles)

trionglau isosgeles (plural)
triongl isosgeles (mutation mutation-radical)
driongl isosgeles (mutation mutation-soft)
nhriongl isosgeles (mutation mutation-nasal)
thriongl isosgeles (mutation mutation-aspirate)


isosgeles

cy-adj

isosgeles (feminine singular isosgeles, plural isosgeles, not comparable)

isosgeles (feminine singular)
isosgeles (plural)
isosgeles (mutation mutation-radical)
hisosgeles (mutation prothesis-h)

Borrowed from Latin īsoscelēs, from Ancient Greek ἰσοσκελής (isoskelḗs), from ἴσος (ísos, “equal”) + σκέλος (skélos, “leg”).


fflŵr

cy-noun

fflŵr m (plural fflwrau or fflwrs, not mutable)

From Middle Welsh fflwr, from Middle English flour (“flower, flour”), from Anglo-Norman flur, from Latin flōs, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to thrive, bloom”).

der

(countable, South Wales, colloquial) flower


paill

peilliau (plural)
paill (mutation mutation-radical)
baill (mutation mutation-soft)
mhaill (mutation mutation-nasal)
phaill (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Back-formation from peilliaid, ultimately derived from Latin pollen (“fine flour”).

Mae blodau yn cynhyrchu celloedd gwryw o'r enw paill a chelloedd benyw o'r enw ofwlau (wyau).

2024, “Cylchred bywyd planhigyn”, in Gwyddoniaeth — Pethau byw — Planhigion, BBC Bitesize, archived from the original on 2024-02-07, retrieved 2024-02-07:

Flowers produce male cells called pollen and female cells called ovules (eggs).


blawd

From Middle Welsh blawt, from Proto-Brythonic *blọd, from Proto-Celtic *mlātos, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥h₂tós (“ground”), noun from *melh₂- (“to grind”).


blawd

cy-noun

blawd m (collective, singulative blodyn)

blodyn (singulative)
blawd (mutation mutation-radical)
flawd (mutation mutation-soft)
mlawd (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *blọd, from Proto-Celtic *blātus, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”). Cognate with Irish bláth, Scottish Gaelic blàth and Manx blaa.


dwrn

dyrnau (plural)
dwrn (mutation mutation-radical)
ddwrn (mutation mutation-soft)
nwrn (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh dwrn, from Proto-Celtic *durnos (compare Breton dorn (“hand”), Old Irish dorn (“fist”)), probably loaned from a non-Indo-European substrate language.


eryr

eryrod (plural)
eryr (mutation mutation-radical)
heryr (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh eryr, from Proto-Celtic *eriros (“eagle”) (compare Breton erer, Cornish er, Old Irish *irar), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō (“large bird”).

figure of the eagle in heraldry or as a work of art, figure of the eagle as an ensign in the Roman army, etc., image of an eagle


Alys

Alys (mutation mutation-radical)
Halys (mutation prothesis-h)

From Old French Alys, Alice, from Old High German Adalheidis, from Proto-Germanic *aþalaz (“noble”) + *haiduz (“character”).

a female given name, equivalent to English Alice


Llywelyn

Llywelyn (mutation mutation-radical)
Lywelyn (mutation mutation-soft)

/ɬəu̯ˈɛlɨ̞n/

/ɬəu̯ˈeːlɪn/

Old Welsh name, from Proto-Brythonic *Lluɣβelen (compare Latinized Lugubelenus), from Proto-Celtic *Lugus + *Belinos, whose origin is disputed; see Belenus.


mercwri

mercwri (mutation mutation-radical)
fercwri (mutation mutation-soft)

Borrowed from English mercury, from English Mercury, from Latin Mercurius. Doublet of Mercher.


Sadwrn

From Middle Welsh Sadwrn, from Proto-Brythonic *Sadurn, borrowed from Vulgar Latin Săturnus, from Latin Sāturnus. Compare Cornish and Breton Sadorn.

(Christianity) Saint Sadwrn, a Welsh saint


Iau

Iau (mutation mutation-radical)
Hiau (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh Ieu, from Proto-Brythonic *Yow, from Latin Iovem (accusative of Iuppiter), from Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“sky”). Compare Breton Yaou, Cornish Yow.

accusative of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">Iuppiter</i>


Mercher

Mercher (mutation mutation-radical)
Fercher (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh Merchyr, from Proto-Brythonic *Merxür, borrowed from Latin Mercurius. Compare Breton Merc'her, Cornish Merher.


cochen

cy-noun

cochen f (plural cochennau, masculine cochyn)

cochennau (plural)
cochyn (masculine)
cochen (mutation mutation-radical)
gochen (mutation mutation-soft)
nghochen (mutation mutation-nasal)
chochen (mutation mutation-aspirate)


cochyn

cochyn m (plural cochynnau, feminine cochen)

cochynnau (plural)
cochen (feminine)
cochyn (mutation mutation-radical)
gochyn (mutation mutation-soft)
nghochyn (mutation mutation-nasal)
chochyn (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Gwenog

Gwenog (mutation mutation-radical)
Wenog (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngwenog (mutation mutation-nasal)


gwanwyn

gwanwyn m (plural gwanwynau or gwanwyni)

gwanwynau (plural)
gwanwyni (plural)
gwanwyn (mutation mutation-radical)
wanwyn (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwanwyn (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh gwaeanhwyn, from Old Welsh guiannuin, from Proto-Brythonic *gwehantuɨn (compare Cornish gwenton), enlargement of Proto-Celtic *wesantos, oblique case of *wesr- (compare Irish earrach), from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥ (compare Latin vēr, Polish wiosna, Lithuanian vãsara (“summer”), Sanskrit वसन्त (vasantá, “spring”), वसर् (vasar, “in the morning”, adverb)).


busnes

busnes m or f (plural busnesion or busneson or busnesau or busnesoedd)

busnesion (plural)
busneson (plural)
busnesau (plural)
busnesoedd (plural)
busnes (mutation mutation-radical)
fusnes (mutation mutation-soft)
musnes (mutation mutation-nasal)


cwmni

cwmnïau (plural)
cwmnïoedd (plural)
cwmni (mutation mutation-radical)
gwmni (mutation mutation-soft)
nghwmni (mutation mutation-nasal)
chwmni (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh cwmbni, cwmnhi, borrowed from Middle English compainie, compaygnie.


cyfarwyddwr

cyfarwyddwyr (plural)
cyfarwyddwr (mutation mutation-radical)
gyfarwyddwr (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyfarwyddwr (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyfarwyddwr (mutation mutation-aspirate)

/kəvaˈrʊɨ̯ðʊr/


atodiad

atodiaid (plural)
atodiad (mutation mutation-radical)
hatodiad (mutation prothesis-h)


cwsmer

cwsmer m (plural cwsmeriaid or cwsmeiriaid or cwsmers)

cwsmeriaid (plural)
cwsmeiriaid (plural)
cwsmers (plural)
cwsmer (mutation mutation-radical)
gwsmer (mutation mutation-soft)
nghwsmer (mutation mutation-nasal)
chwsmer (mutation mutation-aspirate)


corff

cyrff (plural)
corff (mutation mutation-radical)
gorff (mutation mutation-soft)
nghorff (mutation mutation-nasal)
chorff (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh corff, from Proto-Brythonic *korf, from Latin corpus. Ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European root, *krep-, as cryf (“strong”). Compare Breton korf.


gefeilles

gefeilles f (plural gefeilliaid, masculine gefell)

gefeilliaid (plural)
gefell (masculine)
gefeilles (mutation mutation-radical)
efeilles (mutation mutation-soft)
ngefeilles (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ɡɛˈvei̯ɬɛs/


senon

Borrowed from English xenon, from Ancient Greek ξένον (xénon), neuter of ξένος (xénos, “foreign, strange”).


gefell

gefell m (plural gefeilliaid, feminine gefeilles)

gefeilliaid (plural)
gefeilles (feminine)
gefell (mutation mutation-radical)
efell (mutation mutation-soft)
ngefell (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh geuell, from Proto-Brythonic *geβ̃ell, from Latin gemellus. Compare Cornish and Breton gevell.


prifathrawes

prifathrawes f (plural prifathrawesau, masculine prifathro)

prifathrawesau (plural)
prifathro (masculine)
prifathrawes (mutation mutation-radical)
brifathrawes (mutation mutation-soft)
mhrifathrawes (mutation mutation-nasal)
phrifathrawes (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From prif- (“main, principal, prime, chief”) + athro (“teacher”) + -es.


prifathro

cy-noun

prifathro m (plural prifathrawon, feminine prifathrawes)

prifathrawon (plural)
prifathrawes (feminine)
prifathro (mutation mutation-radical)
brifathro (mutation mutation-soft)
mhrifathro (mutation mutation-nasal)
phrifathro (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From prif- (“chief”) + athro (“teacher”).


priffordd

priffyrdd (plural)
priffordd (mutation mutation-radical)
briffordd (mutation mutation-soft)
mhriffordd (mutation mutation-nasal)
phriffordd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From prif- (“chief”) + ffordd (“road, way”).


prifgost

prifgostau (plural)
prifgost (mutation mutation-radical)
brifgost (mutation mutation-soft)
mhrifgost (mutation mutation-nasal)
phrifgost (mutation mutation-aspirate)


haearn

From Middle Welsh haearn, from Proto-Brythonic *hiyarno-, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom (compare Cornish horn, Breton houarn, Irish iarann), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood, red”).


prifwynt

prifwyntoedd (plural)
prifwynt (mutation mutation-radical)
brifwynt (mutation mutation-soft)
mhrifwynt (mutation mutation-nasal)
phrifwynt (mutation mutation-aspirate)


llythyren

cy-noun

llythyren f (plural llythrennau or llythyrennau)

llythrennau (plural)
llythyrennau (plural)
llythyren (mutation mutation-radical)
lythyren (mutation mutation-soft)


llythyr

llythyr m (plural llythyrau or llythyron)

llythyrau (plural)
llythyron (plural)
llythyr (mutation mutation-radical)
lythyr (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh llythyr, from Old Welsh leder, from Proto-Brythonic *llɨθer (whence also Middle Cornish lyther and Middle Breton lizer), from Latin littera. Cognate with Old Irish liter.


anadl

anadlau (plural)
anadl (mutation mutation-radical)
hanadl (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh anadyl, from Proto-Brythonic *anadl, from Proto-Celtic *anatlā (“breath”) (compare Old Irish anál (“breath”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”).


gwynt

gwyntoedd (plural)
gwynt (mutation mutation-radical)
wynt (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwynt (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh gwynt, from Proto-Brythonic *gwɨnt, from Proto-Celtic *wintos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wéh₁n̥ts (“blowing”), present participle of *h₂weh₁-.


awel

awelon (plural)
awel (mutation mutation-radical)
hawel (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh awel, from Proto-Brythonic *awel, from Proto-Celtic *awelā (“breeze, wind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewh₁eleh₂, from *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”). Compare Cornish awel and Breton avel.


sylffwrig

cy-adj

sylffwrig (feminine singular sylffwrig, plural sylffwrig, not comparable, not mutable)

sylffwrig (feminine singular)
sylffwrig (plural)


gamet

gametau (plural)
gamet (mutation mutation-radical)
amet (mutation mutation-soft)
ngamet (mutation mutation-nasal)

English gamete, from Ancient Greek γαμέτης (gamétēs, “spouse”)


môr-filltir

mor-filltiroedd (plural)
môr-filltir (mutation mutation-radical)
fôr-filltir (mutation mutation-soft)


môr-forwyn

môr-forynion (plural)
môr-forwyn (mutation mutation-radical)
fôr-forwyn (mutation mutation-soft)


milltir

milltiroedd (plural)
milltir (mutation mutation-radical)
filltir (mutation mutation-soft)

Ultimately from Latin mille (passuum) (“one thousand paces”) + Welsh tir (“land”).


creulon

cy-adj

creulon (feminine singular creulon, plural creulon, equative creuloned, comparative creulonach, superlative creulonaf)

creulon (feminine singular)
creulon (plural)
creuloned (equative)
creulonach (comparative)
creulonaf (superlative)

From crau (“blood, gore, blood of carnage”) + -lon, -lawn (“-ful”).

affix

cruel, fierce, brutal, violent, merciless


lladrad

lladradau (plural)
lladrad (mutation mutation-radical)
ladrad (mutation mutation-soft)


lleidr

lladron (plural)
lleidr (mutation mutation-radical)
leidr (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh lleityr, from Proto-Brythonic *llėdr, from earlier *latrū, from Latin latrō.


morwyn

From Proto-Brythonic *moruɨn, from Proto-Celtic *morignā (compare Old Cornish moroin), from Proto-Indo-European *méryos (“boy, girl”) (compare Latin marītus (“husband”), Ancient Greek μεῖραξ (meîrax, “girl, boy”), Sanskrit मर्य (márya, “young man; foal”)). Related to merch.


morwyn

morwynion (plural)
morwyn (mutation mutation-radical)
forwyn (mutation mutation-soft)


cadair

cadeiriau (plural)
cadeirau (plural)
cadair (mutation mutation-radical)
gadair (mutation mutation-soft)
nghadair (mutation mutation-nasal)
chadair (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh cadeir, from Proto-Brythonic *kadėr (compare Cornish kador and Middle Breton cadoer), from Latin cathedra (compare Middle Irish cathaír), from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra).


Owain

Owain (mutation mutation-radical)
Howain (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh Owein, Ewein, from Old Welsh Ougein, Eugein, from Proto-Brythonic *Awɨɣėn. Cognate with Breton Yven, Ivin, Old Irish Úgaine, Augaine.

a male given name from Old Welsh, often anglicised as Owen


dant

cy-noun

dant m (plural dannedd or daint or danheddau)

dannedd (plural)
daint (plural)
danheddau (plural)
dant (mutation mutation-radical)
ddant (mutation mutation-soft)
nant (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh dant, from Proto-Brythonic *dant, from Proto-Celtic *dant, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts.


duges

dugesau (plural)
dug (masculine)
duges (mutation mutation-radical)
dduges (mutation mutation-soft)
nuges (mutation mutation-nasal)


oesoffagws

oesoffagi (plural)
oesoffagws (mutation mutation-radical)
hoesoffagws (mutation prothesis-h)


cnewyll

cnewyll m (collective, singulative cnewyllyn)

cnewyllyn (singulative)
cnewyll (mutation mutation-radical)
gnewyll (mutation mutation-soft)
nghnewyll (mutation mutation-nasal)
chnewyll (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Proto-Celtic *knowilos, diminutive of *knūs (whence cnau).


templed

templedi (plural)
templed (mutation mutation-radical)
dempled (mutation mutation-soft)
nhempled (mutation mutation-nasal)
thempled (mutation mutation-aspirate)


iâ

iâ (mutation mutation-radical)
hiâ (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *jaɣ, from Proto-Celtic *yegis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyg-.


gwalch

gweilch (plural)
gwalch (mutation mutation-radical)
walch (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwalch (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *gwalx, from Proto-Celtic *wolkos. Cognate with Breton gwalc’h.


nawn

Ultimately from Latin nōna (“ninth hour”) (short for nōna hōra), feminine of nōnus (“ninth”).


glaw

glaw m (usually uncountable, plural glawiau or glawogydd)

glawiau (plural)
glawogydd (plural)
glaw (mutation mutation-radical)
law (mutation mutation-soft)
nglaw (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *glaw. Related to Breton glav (“rain”).

Glaw, glaw, cer ffordd draw, / Tyred eto ddydd a ddaw.

Rain, rain, go away, / Come again another day.


gwirod

gwirodydd (plural)
gwirod (mutation mutation-radical)
wirod (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwirod (mutation mutation-nasal)


bodeg

bodeg (mutation mutation-radical)
fodeg (mutation mutation-soft)
modeg (mutation mutation-nasal)


fforch

fforch f (plural ffyrch or fforchau, not mutable)

From Proto-Brythonic *forx, borrowed from Latin furca. Doublet of fforc.


fforc

From English fork, from Middle English forke, from Old English forca, from Proto-West Germanic *furkō, from Latin furca. Doublet of fforch.


cyfiawnder

cyfiawnderau (plural)
cyfiawnder (mutation mutation-radical)
gyfiawnder (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyfiawnder (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyfiawnder (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cyfiawn (“righteous, upright, just, equitable, good; lawful, rightful; impartial; correct, accurate, right, regular, appropriate, suitable, fitting”, adjective) + -der.

affix

(law, etc.) righteousness, justice, equity, uprightness, justness


teclyn

teclynnau (plural)
teclyn (mutation mutation-radical)
declyn (mutation mutation-soft)
nheclyn (mutation mutation-nasal)
theclyn (mutation mutation-aspirate)


llywodraeth

llywodraethau (plural)
llywodraeth (mutation mutation-radical)
lywodraeth (mutation mutation-soft)

/ɬəˈwɔdraɨ̯θ/

From llywodr (“ruler, governor, chief, lord, master, king”) + -aeth, from llyw (“ruler; rudder; helm”).


llefrith

llefrith (mutation mutation-radical)
lefrith (mutation mutation-soft)

From *llef, a root meaning "weak" and cognate with Irish leamh (“tender, weak”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃lemH- (“weak, broken, soft”) + blith (“milk”).


pobl

pobloedd (plural)
pobl (mutation mutation-radical)
bobl (mutation mutation-soft)
mhobl (mutation mutation-nasal)
phobl (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh pobyl, from Proto-Brythonic *pobl, from Latin populus. Cognate with Cornish pobel, Breton pobl, Irish pobal.

people, public, nation, tribe, crowd, inhabitants


hynt

From Middle Welsh hint, from Proto-Brythonic *hɨnt, from Proto-Celtic *sentus, from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to head for, go”).


darlithydd

darlithwyr (plural)
darlithydd (mutation mutation-radical)
ddarlithydd (mutation mutation-soft)
narlithydd (mutation mutation-nasal)

/darˈlɪθɨ̞ð/

From darlithio (“to lecture”) + -ydd (“-er”).


nwy

From a conjectured element *ny- (“spreading”) + gwy (“fluid”).


triongl

trionglau (plural)
triongl (mutation mutation-radical)
driongl (mutation mutation-soft)
nhriongl (mutation mutation-nasal)
thriongl (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From tri (“three”) + ongl (“angle, corner”).


neuadd

Old Welsh nouod, from a Proto-Celtic *nom-od- (“temple”), which may be related to the root of *nemos (“heaven, sky”).


marchog

marchogion (plural)
marchog (mutation mutation-radical)
farchog (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh marchawc, from Proto-Brythonic *marxọg, from Proto-Celtic *markākos. Equivalent to march + -og.


màs

masau (plural)
màs (mutation mutation-radical)
fàs (mutation mutation-soft)