canghellor

canghellor m (plural cangellorion or cangelloriaid)

cangellorion (plural)
cangelloriaid (plural)
canghellor (mutation mutation-radical)
ganghellor (mutation mutation-soft)
nghanghellor (mutation mutation-nasal)
changhellor (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh kyghellawr, from Late Latin cancellārius, from Latin cancellus. Cognate with English chancellor and German Kanzler.


gordd

gyrdd (plural)
gordd (mutation mutation-radical)
ordd (mutation mutation-soft)
ngordd (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh orð (with g added in nonleniting environments), from Proto-Brythonic *orð (whence also Old Breton ord, modern Breton horzh (“sledgehammer”), and the demonym Ordo-vices), from Proto-Celtic *ordos (whence also Old Irish ord). Connections outside Celtic are uncertain, but it may be related to Old Armenian ուռն (uṙn, “hammer”).


ebediw

ebediwau (plural)
ebediwiau (plural)
ebediw (mutation mutation-radical)
hebediw (mutation prothesis-h)

(law, historical) a heriot, a payment made to a lord on the death of a tenant


marwdy

marwdai (plural)
marwdy (mutation mutation-radical)
farwdy (mutation mutation-soft)

(law, historical) the real estate and its appurtenances escheating to a lord because its owner died intestate


teithi

From a nominalization of Proto-Celtic *tanxtyos (“proper, right”), from Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (“to be solid, firm”); cognate with Old Irish téchtae. Closely related to Proto-Celtic *tankos (“peace”).

der

The Laws of Hywel Dda
Teithi gwr ywgallu kyt agwreic a bot yn gyfan yaelodeu oll.

The teithi of a man are that he should be able to have connexion with a woman and that he should be sound in all his limbs.

(law, historical) the essential qualities or attributes required of something under the law, the loss of which occasioned certain punishments or payments of compensation

The Laws of Hywel Dda
Teithi kath, kymeint yw ae gwerth kyfreith.

The teithi of a cat are as much as its legal worth.


dirwy

cy-noun

dirwy m or f (plural dirwyon or dirwyau)

dirwyon (plural)
dirwyau (plural)
dirwy (mutation mutation-radical)
ddirwy (mutation mutation-soft)
nirwy (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh diruy, dyruy, dyrwy, from Proto-Celtic *dīreiyom. Cognate to Old Irish díre.

De tribus fit dirwy: scilicet, de pugna, furto, treiss.

For three things are there dirwy: namely, for fighting, for theft, for rape. — The Laws of Hywel Dda

(law, historical, specifically) a fine of twelve cows paid to a king for various offenses


dadannudd

dadanhuddiau (plural)
dadannudd (mutation mutation-radical)
ddadannudd (mutation mutation-soft)
nadannudd (mutation mutation-nasal)

(law, historical) a suit at law seeking to recover a patrimony previously held by an ancestor of the claimant


dawnbwyd

dawnau bwyd (plural)
dawnbwyd (mutation mutation-radical)
ddawnbwyd (mutation mutation-soft)
nawnbwyd (mutation mutation-nasal)

(law, historical) a gift of food owed to the king of a gwlad twice a year by the taeogs of his realm


gwarthal

gwarthalion (plural)
gwarthal (mutation mutation-radical)
warthal (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwarthal (mutation mutation-nasal)

(law, historical) lagniappe, something extra


gwrda

gwyrda (plural)
gwrda (mutation mutation-radical)
wrda (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwrda (mutation mutation-nasal)


taeogtref

taeogtrefi (plural)
taeogtref (mutation mutation-radical)
daeogtref (mutation mutation-soft)
nhaeogtref (mutation mutation-nasal)
thaeogtref (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh taiauctref; equivalent to taeog (“serf”) + tref (“town, village”).

(law, historical) a tref of serfs, legally comprising three rhandirs and serving as one-seventh of a bond maenor


teyrn

teyrn m (plural teyrnedd or teyrniaid or teyrnion)

teyrnedd (plural)
teyrniaid (plural)
teyrnion (plural)
teyrn (mutation mutation-radical)
deyrn (mutation mutation-soft)
nheyrn (mutation mutation-nasal)
theyrn (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh teyrn, from Old Welsh *tigern, from Proto-Brythonic *tɨɣern, from Proto-Celtic *tigernos; compare Old Irish tigerna.


prid

pridiau (plural)
prid (mutation mutation-radical)
brid (mutation mutation-soft)
mhrid (mutation mutation-nasal)
phrid (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Proto-Celtic *kʷrītos; compare Old Irish críth.

(law, historical) price, value, compensation


enllyn

enllynoedd (plural)
enllyn (mutation mutation-radical)
henllyn (mutation prothesis-h)

an- + llyn (“beverage, liquid”). Compare Old Irish annland m (“condiment, savoury, relish accompanying another food, such as butter with bread, etc.”).


cowyll

cowyllau (plural)
cowyllion (plural)
cowyll (mutation mutation-radical)
gowyll (mutation mutation-soft)
nghowyll (mutation mutation-nasal)
chowyll (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(law, historical) a maiden fee or gift paid at her request by a husband to his wife on the morning following their marriage; morning-gift


gobr

gobrau (plural)
gobron (plural)
gobr (mutation mutation-radical)
obr (mutation mutation-soft)
ngobr (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh gobyr, from a nominal derivative of Proto-Celtic *uɸo-kʷrinati; compare Old Irish fochricc (“reward”).


daered

daeredau (plural)
daered (mutation mutation-radical)
ddaered (mutation mutation-soft)
naered (mutation mutation-nasal)

(law, historical) a fee levied by the medieval Welsh kings upon their taeogs, apparently paid with or in place of their biannual food gifts (dawnbwyd)


gwestai

(law, historical) an entourage of twelve men who accompanied medieval Welsh kings


dilysdod

dilysdod (mutation mutation-radical)
ddilysdod (mutation mutation-soft)
nilysdod (mutation mutation-nasal)

(law, historical) a compensation paid by a rapist to his victim under medieval Welsh law


wynebwerth

wynebwerthoedd (plural)
wynebwerth (mutation mutation-radical)
hwynebwerth (mutation prothesis-h)

From wyneb (“face”) + gwerth (“worth”). In the contemporary sense of "face value", a calque of the English term.

(law, historical) compensation paid by a husband to his wife for certain insults (such as adultery) under medieval Welsh law; it was received thrice before the wife was presumed to have received no insult from a known offender


cyfarwys

cyfarwysau (plural)
cyfarwys (mutation mutation-radical)
gyfarwys (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyfarwys (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyfarwys (mutation mutation-aspirate)


gwas

gweision (plural)
gwas (mutation mutation-radical)
was (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwas (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh gwas, from Old Welsh guas, from Proto-Brythonic *gwass, from Proto-Celtic *uɸostos (“servant”). Compare Breton gwaz.

best man (attendant to the groom at a wedding)


rhaith

rheithiau (plural)
rhaith (mutation mutation-radical)
raith (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh reyth, from Proto-Brythonic *rreiθ, from Proto-Celtic *rextus (“rule, law”).

(law, historical) a right, a legal or moral entitlement

(law, historical) a compurgation, the oaths of character witnesses necessary for defense in some cases under medieval Welsh law


ceiniog baladr

cy-noun

ceiniog baladr f (plural ceiniogau paladr)

ceiniogau paladr (plural)
ceiniog baladr (mutation mutation-radical)
geiniog baladr (mutation mutation-soft)
ngheiniog baladr (mutation mutation-nasal)
cheiniog baladr (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From ceiniog (“penny”) + paladr (“shaft”; “spear”), from the fact it was payable by male relatives capable of bearing arms.

(law, historical) a spear penny, a fine under medieval Welsh law levied on related male landowners when the immediate kin of a murderer proved incapable of paying galanas


paladr

pelydr (plural)
paladr (mutation mutation-radical)
baladr (mutation mutation-soft)
mhaladr (mutation mutation-nasal)
phaladr (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Celtic *kʷalatros (compare Old Irish celtair (“spear, spear tip”)).

ceiniog baladr

a fine under medieval Welsh law levied on related male landowners when the immediate kin of a murderer proved incapable of paying galanas; spear penny


casáu

cy-verb

casáu (first-person singular present casâf)

casâf (first-person present singular)
casâf (first-person future indicative present singular)
casei (future indicative present second-person singular)
casâ (future indicative present singular third-person)
casawn (first-person future indicative plural present)
casewch (future indicative plural present second-person)
casânt (future indicative plural present third-person)
caseir (future impersonal indicative present)
casawn (conditional first-person singular)
casawn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
casait (conditional second-person singular)
casait (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
casâi (conditional singular third-person)
casâi (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
casaem (conditional first-person plural)
casaem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
casaech (conditional plural second-person)
casaech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
casaent (conditional plural third-person)
casaent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
caseid (conditional impersonal)
caseid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
caseais (first-person preterite singular)
caseaist (preterite second-person singular)
casaodd (preterite singular third-person)
casasom (first-person plural preterite)
casasoch (plural preterite second-person)
casasant (plural preterite third-person)
casawyd (impersonal preterite)
casaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
casasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
casasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
casasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
casasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
casasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
casasid (impersonal pluperfect)
casesid (impersonal pluperfect)
casawyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
caseych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
casao (present singular subjunctive third-person)
casaom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
casaoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
casaont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
casaer (impersonal present subjunctive)
casâ (imperative second-person singular)
casaed (imperative singular third-person)
casawn (first-person imperative plural)
casewch (imperative plural second-person)
casaent (imperative plural third-person)
casaer (imperative impersonal)
casáu (noun-from-verb)
casedig (participle)
casadwy (participle)
casâ i (first-person future singular)
casai di (future second-person singular)
casaith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
casaiff e (future singular third-person)
casawn ni (first-person future plural)
casawch chi (future plural second-person)
casân nhw (future plural third-person)
casawn i (conditional first-person singular)
casaswn i (conditional first-person singular)
casaet ti (conditional second-person singular)
casaset ti (conditional second-person singular)
casâi fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
casasai fo (conditional singular third-person)
casaen ni (conditional first-person plural)
casasen ni (conditional first-person plural)
casaech chi (conditional plural second-person)
casasech chi (conditional plural second-person)
casaen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
casasen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
casaes i (first-person preterite singular)
casaest ti (preterite second-person singular)
casaodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
casaon ni (first-person plural preterite)
casaoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
casaon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
casâ (imperative second-person singular)
casawch (imperative plural second-person)
casáu (mutation mutation-radical)
gasáu (mutation mutation-soft)
nghasáu (mutation mutation-nasal)
chasáu (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cas (“bitterness, hatred, enmity”) + -áu.


llwnc

From llyncu (“to swallow”), from Proto-Celtic *slunk-.

(North Wales)


llwnc

llwnc (mutation mutation-radical)
lwnc (mutation mutation-soft)

(literary) third-person singular present indicative/future of llyncu


pwnc

pynciau (plural)
pwnc (mutation mutation-radical)
bwnc (mutation mutation-soft)
mhwnc (mutation mutation-nasal)
phwnc (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh pwnc, borrowed from Latin pūnctum. Doublet of pwynt.

subject, topic, matter, point of discussion

Ei hoff bwnc yw Mathemateg.

(religion) Bible passage recited by church congregation for catechetical purposes


gorfodog

gorfodogion (plural)
gorfodog (mutation mutation-radical)
orfodog (mutation mutation-soft)
ngorfodog (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ɡɔrˈvoːdɔɡ/

From Middle Welsh gorvodawc. Synchronically analysable as gorfod (“victory, triumph”) + -og.

(law, historical) bond, surety paid for one accused of a crime under medieval Welsh law

bondsman, person acting as surety under medieval Welsh law


bwced

bwcedi (plural)
bwced (mutation mutation-radical)
fwced (mutation mutation-soft)
mwced (mutation mutation-nasal)


gwyach

gwyachod (plural)
gwyach (mutation mutation-radical)
wyach (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwyach (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh gwyach, from Proto-Celtic *wessakos. Cognate with Irish fiach (“raven”).


carfil

Borrowed from Middle English caruyll, caruile, carvile (“carvel”, a kind of light ship).


carfil

From car (“vehicle, car, sled, dray”) + mil (“animal, beast, creature”).

affix

working beast, dray horse, clumsy animal, monster


carfil

carfilod (plural)
carfil (mutation mutation-radical)
garfil (mutation mutation-soft)
ngharfil (mutation mutation-nasal)
charfil (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Unknown, but the second element is probably English bill (“beak”).


Tegwen

From teg (“fair”) + gwen (“blessed”) in the 19th century.


clyw

From Proto-Celtic *klowos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱléwos.


bwyta

cy-verb

bwyta (first-person singular present bwytâf)

bwytâf (first-person present singular)
bwytâf (first-person future indicative present singular)
bwytei (future indicative present second-person singular)
bwyty (future indicative present singular third-person)
bwytawn (first-person future indicative plural present)
bwytewch (future indicative plural present second-person)
bwytânt (future indicative plural present third-person)
bwyteir (future impersonal indicative present)
bwytawn (conditional first-person singular)
bwytawn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
bwytait (conditional second-person singular)
bwytait (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
bwytâi (conditional singular third-person)
bwytâi (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
bwytaem (conditional first-person plural)
bwytaem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
bwytaech (conditional plural second-person)
bwytaech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
bwytaent (conditional plural third-person)
bwytaent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
bwyteid (conditional impersonal)
bwyteid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
bwyteais (first-person preterite singular)
bwyteaist (preterite second-person singular)
bwytaodd (preterite singular third-person)
bwytasom (first-person plural preterite)
bwytasoch (plural preterite second-person)
bwytasant (plural preterite third-person)
bwytawyd (impersonal preterite)
bwytaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
bwytasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
bwytasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
bwytasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
bwytasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
bwytasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
bwytasid (impersonal pluperfect)
bwytesid (impersonal pluperfect)
bwytawyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bwyteych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bwytao (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bwytaom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bwytaoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bwytaont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bwytaer (impersonal present subjunctive)
bwytâ (imperative second-person singular)
bwytaed (imperative singular third-person)
bwytawn (first-person imperative plural)
bwytewch (imperative plural second-person)
bwytaent (imperative plural third-person)
bwytaer (imperative impersonal)
bwyta (noun-from-verb)
bwytaedig (participle)
bwytaëdig (participle)
bwytadwy (participle)
bwyta i (first-person future singular)
bwytaf i (first-person future singular)
bwyti di (future second-person singular)
bwytith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
bwytiff e (future singular third-person)
bwytwn ni (first-person future plural)
bwytwch chi (future plural second-person)
bwytan nhw (future plural third-person)
bwytwn i (conditional first-person singular)
bwytswn i (conditional first-person singular)
bwytet ti (conditional second-person singular)
bwytset ti (conditional second-person singular)
bwytai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
bwytsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
bwyten ni (conditional first-person plural)
bwytsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
bwytech chi (conditional plural second-person)
bwytsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
bwyten nhw (conditional plural third-person)
bwytsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
bwytais i (first-person preterite singular)
bwytes i (first-person preterite singular)
bwytaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
bwytest ti (preterite second-person singular)
bwytodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
bwyton ni (first-person plural preterite)
bwytoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
bwyton nhw (plural preterite third-person)
bwyta (imperative second-person singular)
bwytwch (imperative plural second-person)
bwyta (mutation mutation-radical)
fwyta (mutation mutation-soft)
mwyta (mutation mutation-nasal)


clywed

clywed (mutation mutation-radical)
glywed (mutation mutation-soft)
nghlywed (mutation mutation-nasal)
chlywed (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh clywet, from Proto-Brythonic *klüwid, from Proto-Celtic *klusīti, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew-.

hearing; the ability to hear; the act of hearing; reaching ear


huddygl

From Britanno-Latin hybrid *sūdikul (compare Cornish hudhygel, Breton huzel), from Proto-Celtic *sūdyā (compare Old Irish suide), from Proto-Indo-European *suh₃d-, metathesis of *sh₃ud- (compare English soot).

[ˈhɨ̞ðɨ̞ɡl̩]


Twitter

Twitter (mutation mutation-radical)
Dwitter (mutation mutation-soft)
Nhwitter (mutation mutation-nasal)
Thwitter (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Ceri

Ceri (mutation mutation-radical)
Geri (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngheri (mutation mutation-nasal)
Cheri (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ffrind

cy-noun

ffrind m (plural ffrindiau or ffrinds or ffrins or ffryns, not mutable)

ffrindiau (plural)
ffrinds (plural)
ffrins (plural)
ffryns (plural)

Borrowed from Middle English frind, from Old English frēond (“friend, relative, lover; literally, loving [one]”), from Proto-Germanic *frijōndz (“lover, friend”).

der

friend, relative, lover; literally, loving 􂀿one􂁀


gof

gofaint (plural)
gof (mutation mutation-radical)
of (mutation mutation-soft)
ngof (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh gof, from Proto-Brythonic *goβ, from Proto-Celtic *gobanns. Compare Old Irish gobae.


arsenig

arsenig (mutation mutation-radical)
harsenig (mutation prothesis-h)

Borrowed from English arsenic compounded with adjectival ending -ig, borrowed from Middle French arsenic, from Latin arsenicum, from Ancient Greek ἀρσενικόν (arsenikón, “yellow arsenic”) (influenced by ἀρσενικός (arsenikós, “potent, virile”)), from Semitic, from Middle Iranian *zarnīk, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-.
Related to glas (“blue”), glân (“clean”), and clorin (“chlorine”).


siaced

Inherited from Middle Welsh siacet, from Middle English jacket, from Middle French jacquet, diminutive of Old French jaque.


hallt

cy-adj

hallt (feminine singular hallt, plural heilltion, equative hallted, comparative halltach, superlative halltaf, not mutable)

hallt (feminine singular)
heilltion (plural)
hallted (equative)
halltach (comparative)
halltaf (superlative)
hallt (mutation mutation-radical)

Proto-Celtic *saltos, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂l-tós, from the root *seh₂l- (“salt”).


Gŵyr

Gŵyr (mutation mutation-radical)
Ŵyr (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngŵyr (mutation mutation-nasal)


tyle

tyleau (plural)
tyle (mutation mutation-radical)
dyle (mutation mutation-soft)
nhyle (mutation mutation-nasal)
thyle (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(South Wales) steep (upward) road or path; steep gradient or slope.


chwe

(cardinal number) Apocopic form of chwech (used before a noun)


cysylltiad

cysylltiadau (plural)
cysylltiad (mutation mutation-radical)
gysylltiad (mutation mutation-soft)
nghysylltiad (mutation mutation-nasal)
chysylltiad (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cysylltu (“to join, connect”) + -iad.

that which connects; (Internet) link, airlink

(astrology, astronomy, grammar) conjunction


Wiciadur

Blend of wici (“wiki”) + geiriadur (“dictionary”).


Brenin Arthur

Probably from Welsh arth (“bear”), from Proto-Celtic *artos (“bear”). Other suggestions include Old Welsh arth (“bear”) + gur (“man”), or a Latinized (Romano-British) name; cf. Latin Artorius, possibly of Etruscan origin ultimately.


plastig

cy-noun

plastig m (plural plastigau or plastigiau or plastigion)

plastigau (plural)
plastigiau (plural)
plastigion (plural)


plastig

cy-adj

plastig (feminine singular plastig, plural plastig, not comparable)

plastig (feminine singular)
plastig (plural)
plastig (mutation mutation-radical)
blastig (mutation mutation-soft)
mhlastig (mutation mutation-nasal)
phlastig (mutation mutation-aspirate)


Annes

Annes (mutation mutation-radical)
Hannes (mutation prothesis-h)

One variant name of the daughter of Gruffudd ap Cynan.


siocled

head

siocled m (plural siocledi, singulative siocledyn, not mutable)

siocledi (plural)
siocledyn (singulative)

Borrowed from English chocolate via Spanish chocolate from a Classical Nahuatl chocolātl.


Rhianwen

Rhianwen (mutation mutation-radical)
Rianwen (mutation mutation-soft)

From rhiain wen (literally “fair maiden”).


cenllysg

cy-noun

cenllysg f (collective, feminine singulative cenllysgen)

cenllysgen (feminine singulative)
cenllysg (mutation mutation-radical)
genllysg (mutation mutation-soft)
nghenllysg (mutation mutation-nasal)
chenllysg (mutation mutation-aspirate)


lle chwech

lle chwech m (plural llefydd chwech or lleoedd chwech)

llefydd chwech (plural)
lleoedd chwech (plural)
lle chwech (mutation mutation-radical)
le chwech (mutation mutation-soft)

/ˌɬeː ˈχweːχ/

From lle (“place”) + chwech (“six”). One theory is that the chwech refers to "sixpence", cf. English spend a penny, although doubtful as sixpence would have been a large sum at the time. See English slang six to refer to a privy for a possible connection.

(North Wales, euphemistic) WC, toilet, loo, lavvy, john


urdd

urddau (plural)
urdd (mutation mutation-radical)
hurdd (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh urð, from Proto-Brythonic *ʉrð, from Latin ōrdō.

order (group of religious adherents; society of knights; decoration awarded to an individual)


data-bas

data-basau (plural)
data-bas (mutation mutation-radical)
ddata-bas (mutation mutation-soft)
nata-bas (mutation mutation-nasal)

From data + bas. Cognate with English database.


unwaith

(used at the beginnings of fairytales) once upon a time


trydydd

cy-adj

trydydd (feminine singular trydedd, plural trydydd, not comparable)

trydedd (feminine singular)
trydydd (plural)
trydydd (mutation mutation-radical)
drydydd (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrydydd (mutation mutation-nasal)
thrydydd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Brythonic *trɨdɨð, from Proto-Celtic *tritiyos.


dwywaith

dwywaith (mutation mutation-radical)
ddwywaith (mutation mutation-soft)
nwywaith (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˈdʊɨ̯wai̯θ/


pedwerydd

pedwerydd (feminine singular pedwaredd, plural pedwerydd, not comparable)

pedwaredd (feminine singular)
pedwerydd (plural)
pedwerydd (mutation mutation-radical)
bedwerydd (mutation mutation-soft)
mhedwerydd (mutation mutation-nasal)
phedwerydd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

/pɛdˈwɛrɨ̞ð/

From Middle Welsh pedweryd, from Old Welsh petguaret, from Proto-Brythonic *pėdwėrɨð, from Proto-Celtic *kʷetwariyos, equivalent to pedwar (“four”) + -ydd (“-th”).


cyntaf

cyntaf (mutation mutation-radical)
gyntaf (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyntaf (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyntaf (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh kyntaf, from Proto-Brythonic *kɨnthaβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *kentusamos. Equivalent to cynt (“sooner, faster, earlier”) + -af.

(ordinal number) first
foremost, chief, principal


seithfed

seithfed (feminine singular seithfed, plural seithfed, not comparable, not mutable)

seithfed (feminine singular)
seithfed (plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *seɨθβ̃ed, from Proto-Celtic *sextametos, equivalent to saith (“seven”) + -fed (“th”).


pumed

pumed (feminine singular pumed, plural pumed, not comparable)

pumed (feminine singular)
pumed (plural)
pumed (mutation mutation-radical)
bumed (mutation mutation-soft)
mhumed (mutation mutation-nasal)
phumed (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Brythonic *pɨmped, from Proto-Celtic *kʷenkʷetos, equivalent to pump (“five”) + -ed (“th”).


wythfed

wythfed (feminine singular wythfed, plural wythfed, not comparable)

wythfed (feminine singular)
wythfed (plural)
wythfed (mutation mutation-radical)
hwythfed (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *üɨθβ̃ed, from Proto-Celtic *oxtūmetos, equivalent to wyth (“eight”) + -fed (“th”).


chweched

chweched (feminine singular chweched, plural chweched, not comparable, not mutable)

chweched (feminine singular)
chweched (plural)
chweched (mutation mutation-radical)

From Proto-Brythonic *hwexed, from Proto-Celtic *swexstos, equivalent to chwech (“six”) + -ed (“th”).


nawfed

nawfed (feminine singular nawfed, plural nawfed, not comparable, not mutable)

nawfed (feminine singular)
nawfed (plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *nọβ̃ed, from Proto-Celtic *nowametos, equivalent to naw (“nine”) + -fed (“th”).


undeg un

(cardinal number) Nonstandard spelling of un deg un (“eleven”).


degfed

degfed (feminine singular degfed, plural degfed, not comparable)

degfed (feminine singular)
degfed (plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *degβ̃ed, from Proto-Celtic *dekametos, equivalent to deg (“ten”) + -fed (“-th”).


undeg tri

(cardinal number) Nonstandard spelling of un deg tri (“thirteen”).


undeg dau

Dywed Chrysostom ac Augustine fod eu nifer yn undeg dau (12).

1891 March 4, “Y doethion o'r dwyrain”, in Y Gwyliedydd, page 3:

Chrysostom and Augustine say their number is twelve (12).

(cardinal number) Nonstandard spelling of un deg dau (“twelve”).


undeg tair

(cardinal number) Nonstandard spelling of un deg tair (“thirteen”).


undeg dwy

/ˌɨ̞ndɛɡ ˈduːɨ̯/

/ˌɪndɛɡ ˈdʊi̯/

(cardinal number) Nonstandard spelling of un deg dwy (“twelve”).


unfed ar ddeg

unfed ar ddeg (feminine singular unfed ar ddeg, plural unfed ar ddeg, not comparable)

unfed ar ddeg (feminine singular)
unfed ar ddeg (plural)
unfed ar ddeg (mutation mutation-radical)
hunfed ar ddeg (mutation prothesis-h)

/ˌɨ̞nvɛd ar ˈðeːɡ/

From unfed (“first”) + ar (“on”) + deg (“ten”).

com

Yr unfed ar ddeg i Elïasib, y deuddegfed i Jacim,

1588-1620, “1 Cronicl 24:12”, in William Morgan, transl., edited by William Parry and John Davies, Mallwyd, Y Bibl Cyssegr-Lan, sef yr Hen Destament a’r Newydd^(https://cy.wikisource.org/wiki/Beibl_(1620)/1_Cronicl), page 434; republished London, 1804:

the eleventh to Eliashib, the twelfth to Jakim,


deuddeg

deuddeg (mutation mutation-radical)
ddeuddeg (mutation mutation-soft)
neuddeg (mutation mutation-nasal)

taro deuddeg

to strike the right note; to strike twelve


tri ar ddeg

tair ar ddeg (feminine)
tri ar ddeg (mutation mutation-radical)
dri ar ddeg (mutation mutation-soft)
nhri ar ddeg (mutation mutation-nasal)
thri ar ddeg (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From tri (“three”) + ar (“on”) + deg (“ten”).

Eithr ei dŷ ei hun a adeiladodd Solomon mewn tair blynedd ar ddeg, ac a orffennodd ei holl dŷ.

1588-1620, “1 Brenhinoedd 7:1”, in William Morgan, transl., edited by William Parry and John Davies, Mallwyd, Y Bibl Cyssegr-Lan, sef yr Hen Destament a’r Newydd^(https://cy.wikisource.org/wiki/Beibl_(1620)/1_Brenhinoedd); republished London, 1804:

Solomon was building his own house thirteen years, and he finished all his house.


deuddegfed

cy-adj

deuddegfed (feminine singular deuddegfed, plural deuddegfed, not comparable)

deuddegfed (feminine singular)
deuddegfed (plural)
deuddegfed (mutation mutation-radical)
ddeuddegfed (mutation mutation-soft)
neuddegfed (mutation mutation-nasal)

/deɨ̯ˈðɛɡvɛd/


gwlân

gwlanoedd (plural)
gwlân (mutation mutation-radical)
wlân (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwlân (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *gwlan, from Proto-Celtic *wlanā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂.


delysg

delysg (mutation mutation-radical)
ddelysg (mutation mutation-soft)
nelysg (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *dolisko-, *dulisko- (compare Irish duileasc, Breton tellesk), from *dol-, *dulā-, *dulyo- (“leaf”) (whence Welsh dail).

Palmaria palmata
Palmaria palmata#Translingual

Fucus palmatus
Wikispecies:Fucus palmatus

dulse (a seaweed of a reddish-brown color, Palmaria palmata (syn. Fucus palmatus), which is sometimes eaten, as in Wales and Scotland)


trydydd ar ddeg

trydydd ar ddeg (feminine singular trydedd ar ddeg, plural trydydd ar ddeg, not comparable)

trydedd ar ddeg (feminine singular)
trydydd ar ddeg (plural)
trydydd ar ddeg (mutation mutation-radical)
drydydd ar ddeg (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrydydd ar ddeg (mutation mutation-nasal)
thrydydd ar ddeg (mutation mutation-aspirate)

/ˌtrədɨ̞ð ar ˈðeːɡ/

/ˌtrədɪð ar ˈðeːɡ/

/ˌtrɪdɪð ar ˈðeːɡ/

From trydydd (“third”) + ar (“on”) + deg (“ten”).

com

A chan y gwelwyd yn angenrheidiol i'r cyfundeb dywededig argraphu a chyhoeddi adroddiad o'u daliadau yn gyffes o'u ffydd, am y gwelwyd fod y dywediad a arferwyd hyd hyny, fod eu daliadu neu athrawiaeth yn ol erthyg'au athrawiaethol Eglwys Loegr, yn eu hystyr Galfinaidd, yn agored i amrywiol ddëongliadau, a chan hyny (wedi ystyriaeth fanwl gan y cyfundeb trwy Ddeheudir Cymru a Gogledd Cymru) cytunwyd ar adroddiad o'u daliadau yn gyffes o'u ffydd mewn cyfarfod o'r cyfundeb a gynhaliwyd yn Aberystwyth, yn sir Aberteifi, yn Neheudir Cymru, ar y trydydd dydd ar ddeg, a'r pedwerydd ar ddeg o Fawrth, un mil wyth wyth gant a thair ar hugain, ac yn nghymdeithasfa y cyfundeb dywededig a gynnaliwyd yn y Bala, yn sir Feirionydd, yn Ngogledd Cymru, ar yr ail ar bymtheg a'r trydydd ar bymtheg o Mehefin, un mil wyth gant a thair ar hugain, heb bleidlais wahanol yn yr un o'r ddau gyfryw gyfarfodydd, a chyhoeddwyd llyfr wedi hyny yn cynnwys hanes cyfundeb y Methodistiaid Calfinaidd Cymreig a'i sefydliad, ei reolau a'i gyffes ffydd fel yn ymddangos yn amlwg wrth gyfeirlo at y llyfr dywededig a elwir Cyffes y Ffydd, &c., y corph o Fethodistiaid Calfinaidd yn Nghymru — (Gweithred gyfreithiol, hysbysol o amcanion a threfaiadau cyfundeb y Methodistiaid Calfinaidd Cymreig, a ddyddiwyd Awst 10fed, 1826.

1864 January 27, Baner ac Amserau Cymru, page 11:


Adda

Adda (mutation mutation-radical)
Hadda (mutation prothesis-h)

אדום אדום#Hebrew

a male given name from Hebrew אדום (“red”), equivalent to English Adam


ysgubor

cy-noun

ysgubor f (plural ysguboriau or ysguborau)

ysguboriau (plural)
ysguborau (plural)
ysgubor (mutation mutation-radical)
hysgubor (mutation prothesis-h)

desc

→ English: skipper (“barn or shed to spend the night in”)

From Middle Welsh yscubawr, from Old Welsh scipaur, from Proto-Brythonic *skʉbọr, from British Latin *scōpārium, from Latin scōpa. By surface analysis, ysgub (“(wheat)sheaf”) + -or. Compare Irish scioból, a loanword from Middle Welsh.

surf

1979, Get By In Welsh, quoted in They Thought You'd Say This
Beth yw'r ysgubor ar ganol y cae?

What's the barn in the middle of the field?


budd

buddion (plural)
budd (mutation mutation-radical)
fudd (mutation mutation-soft)
mudd (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *boudi (“victory”), compare Old Irish búaid.


senedd

From Middle Welsh seneð, possibly from Latin synodus, or a partial calque of Latin senātus (“council of elders; a senate”), from senex (“old”) (compare hen), with the suffix -edd.


nith

Proto-Brythonic *nėθ, from Proto-Celtic *nextī, from Proto-Indo-European *néptih₂ (“niece, granddaughter”)


cyfrifiannell

cy-noun

cyfrifiannell f (plural cyfrifriannellau)

cyfrifriannellau (plural)
cyfrifiannell (mutation mutation-radical)
gyfrifiannell (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyfrifiannell (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyfrifiannell (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cyfrifiant (“reckoning, account”) + -ell.


clybiau

clybiau (mutation mutation-radical)
glybiau (mutation mutation-soft)
nghlybiau (mutation mutation-nasal)
chlybiau (mutation mutation-aspirate)


cwrs

cyrsiau (plural)
cwrs (mutation mutation-radical)
gwrs (mutation mutation-soft)
nghwrs (mutation mutation-nasal)
chwrs (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from Middle English cours, itself borrowed from Old French cours, curs, from Latin cursus.

wrth gwrs

of course; by course, alternately, orderly, well-behaved

course; manner of life; pursuit, chase; trouble

(education) course of instruction, series of lessons or lectures, etc.


pâl

Borrowed from Latin pala; compare Breton pal, Cornish pal.


pâl

palod (plural)
palau (plural)
pâl (mutation mutation-radical)
bâl (mutation mutation-soft)
mhâl (mutation mutation-nasal)
phâl (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Uncertain, has been extension of Etymology 1 on account of the shape of a puffin's beak. However, the use of the same word for a Manx shearwater and a puffin parallels a shift in English where puffin used to mean a Manx shearwater until the 19th century, before coming to refer to Fratercula arctica.

Puffinus puffinus
Puffinus puffinus#Translingual

Fratercula arctica
Fratercula arctica#Translingual

Peter Hayman
w:Peter Hayman (ornithologist)

Gwasg Carreg Gwalch
w:Gwasg Carreg Gwalch

Atlantic puffin, puffin (Fratercula arctica)


Rhiannon

Rhiannon (mutation mutation-radical)
Riannon (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh Rhiannon, from riein (“maiden”) (modern rhiain), first used in fiction.


alwminiwm

alwminiwm (mutation mutation-radical)
halwminiwm (mutation prothesis-h)


cyfnither

cy-noun

cyfnither f (plural cyfnitheroedd or cyfnitherwydd, masculine cefnder)

cyfnitheroedd (plural)
cyfnitherwydd (plural)
cefnder (masculine)
cyfnither (mutation mutation-radical)
gyfnither (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyfnither (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyfnither (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cyf- + nith (“niece”) + dderw (“true”).


crys

crys m (plural crysau, diminutive crysan)

crysau (plural)
crysan (diminutive)
crys (mutation mutation-radical)
grys (mutation mutation-soft)
nghrys (mutation mutation-nasal)
chrys (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Celtic *krissus (“belt”) (compare Cornish krys, Breton krez, Irish crios (“belt, girdle”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kerdʰ- (compare Proto-Slavic *čersъ (“money belt”)).


boch

bochau (plural)
boch (mutation mutation-radical)
foch (mutation mutation-soft)
moch (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *box, from Latin bucca (“cheek”). Cognate with Cornish bogh (“cheek”), Breton boc'h (“cheek”), Scottish Gaelic bòc (“surge, swell”).


sbectol

sbectol f (plural sbectolau or sbectols, not mutable)


gôl

goliau (plural)
gôl (mutation mutation-radical)
ngôl (irregular mutation mutation-nasal)

Borrowed from English goal. Doublet of gâl (“goal”, obsolete).


canolig

cy-adj

canolig (feminine singular canolig, plural canolig, not comparable)

canolig (feminine singular)
canolig (plural)
canolig (mutation mutation-radical)
ganolig (mutation mutation-soft)
nghanolig (mutation mutation-nasal)
chanolig (mutation mutation-aspirate)

central, mean; moderate, middling; intermediate

(phonology) of medium quantity (of vowels); voiced mute (of consonant)

(grammar) middle voiced, neuter (of verbs); accusative, neuter (of nouns)


cyfrol

cyfrolau (plural)
cyfrol (mutation mutation-radical)
gyfrol (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyfrol (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyfrol (mutation mutation-aspirate)


hufen iâ

From hufen (“cream”) + iâ (“ice”). Calque of English ice cream.


bys troed

cy-noun

bys troed m (plural bysedd traed or bysedd troed)

bysedd traed (plural)
bysedd troed (plural)
bys troed (mutation mutation-radical)
fys troed (mutation mutation-soft)
mys troed (mutation mutation-nasal)

bys

when not specified in contradistinction with a finger

(anatomy) toe (when specified in contradistinction with a finger)


gên

genau (plural)
gên (mutation mutation-radical)
ên (mutation mutation-soft)
ngên (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh gen, from Proto-Brythonic *gen, from Proto-Celtic *genus, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus.


talcen

talcennau (plural)
talcenni (plural)
talcen (mutation mutation-radical)
dalcen (mutation mutation-soft)
nhalcen (mutation mutation-nasal)
thalcen (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Celtic *talo-. Cognate with Cornish tal, toal, Breton tal, talbenn.


hufen

Probably from a Proto-Celtic *soimeno-, from Proto-Indo-European *soi(kʷ)-meno- (“sweet liquid”), from *seykʷ- (“to moisten; to filter”), and direct cognate with Proto-Germanic *saimaz (“raw honey”), whence Old Norse seimr (“honeycomb”) and German Seim (“syrup”).

der

hufen byd

the best of everything, the lap of luxury


grudd

gruddiau (plural)
grudd (mutation mutation-radical)
rudd (mutation mutation-soft)
ngrudd (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh gruð, from Proto-Brythonic *grʉð, from Proto-Celtic *groudos (“cheek; slope”). Cognate with Cornish grudh (“jaw, mandible”), Irish grua (“cheek”), Scottish Gaelic gruaidh (“cheek”).


penelin

penelinoedd (plural)
penelin (mutation mutation-radical)
benelin (mutation mutation-soft)
mhenelin (mutation mutation-nasal)
phenelin (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From pen (“end (of), head (of)”) + elin (“elbow, forearm”).


ceg

cegau (plural)
ceg (mutation mutation-radical)
geg (mutation mutation-soft)
ngheg (mutation mutation-nasal)
cheg (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Perhaps borrowed from Old English ċēce (“jaw; cheek”).


brechdan

brechdanau (plural)
brechdan (mutation mutation-radical)
frechdan (mutation mutation-soft)
mrechdan (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Irish brechtán (“bread with butter spread on it”) (obsolete Irish breachtán), from brecht (“variegated, multicolored”), from Old Irish mrecht, from Proto-Celtic *mrixtos (“painted, speckled”).


nofio

From nawf (“swimming”) + -io, from Middle Welsh nawf, from Proto-Brythonic *hnọβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *snāmus, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)n̥h₂-mós, from *(s)neh₂- (“to swim”).
Compare Middle Welsh nawf. Cognate with Cornish neuvya, Breton neuial (compare Middle Breton neuff).


Mab

y Mab (canonical masculine)
Mab (mutation mutation-radical)
Fab (mutation mutation-soft)

(Christianity) the Son, Jesus Christ (person of the Holy Trinity)


ymolchi

cy-verb

ymolchi (first-person singular present ymolchaf)

ymolchaf (first-person present singular)
ymolchaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
ymolchi (future indicative present second-person singular)
ymolch (future indicative present singular third-person)
ymolcha (future indicative present singular third-person)
ymolchwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
ymolchwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
ymolchant (future indicative plural present third-person)
ymolchir (future impersonal indicative present)
ymolchwn (conditional first-person singular)
ymolchwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
ymolchit (conditional second-person singular)
ymolchit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
ymolchai (conditional singular third-person)
ymolchai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
ymolchem (conditional first-person plural)
ymolchem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
ymolchech (conditional plural second-person)
ymolchech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
ymolchent (conditional plural third-person)
ymolchent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
ymolchid (conditional impersonal)
ymolchid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
ymolchais (first-person preterite singular)
ymolchaist (preterite second-person singular)
ymolchodd (preterite singular third-person)
ymolchasom (first-person plural preterite)
ymolchasoch (plural preterite second-person)
ymolchasant (plural preterite third-person)
ymolchwyd (impersonal preterite)
ymolchaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
ymolchasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
ymolchasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
ymolchasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
ymolchasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
ymolchasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
ymolchasid (impersonal pluperfect)
ymolchesid (impersonal pluperfect)
ymolchwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
ymolchych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
ymolcho (present singular subjunctive third-person)
ymolchom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
ymolchoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
ymolchont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
ymolcher (impersonal present subjunctive)
ymolch (imperative second-person singular)
ymolcha (imperative second-person singular)
ymolched (imperative singular third-person)
ymolchwn (first-person imperative plural)
ymolchwch (imperative plural second-person)
ymolchent (imperative plural third-person)
ymolcher (imperative impersonal)
ymolchi (noun-from-verb)
ymolcha i (first-person future singular)
ymolchaf i (first-person future singular)
ymolchi di (future second-person singular)
ymolchith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
ymolchiff e (future singular third-person)
ymolchwn ni (first-person future plural)
ymolchwch chi (future plural second-person)
ymolchan nhw (future plural third-person)
ymolchwn i (conditional first-person singular)
ymolchswn i (conditional first-person singular)
ymolchet ti (conditional second-person singular)
ymolchset ti (conditional second-person singular)
ymolchai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
ymolchsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
ymolchen ni (conditional first-person plural)
ymolchsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
ymolchech chi (conditional plural second-person)
ymolchsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
ymolchen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
ymolchsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
ymolchais i (first-person preterite singular)
ymolches i (first-person preterite singular)
ymolchaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
ymolchest ti (preterite second-person singular)
ymolchodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
ymolchon ni (first-person plural preterite)
ymolchoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
ymolchon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
ymolcha (imperative second-person singular)
ymolchwch (imperative plural second-person)
ymolchi (mutation mutation-radical)
hymolchi (mutation prothesis-h)

From ym- + golchi (compare Cornish omwolhi).


wedi

A later form of gwedi, from Old Welsh guetig, guotig, from Proto-Brythonic *wo-tig- (“in or after the end”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to sting, prick”). Compare Breton goude.

der

chwarter wedi naw

hanner awr ’di un


chwarae

cy-noun

chwarae m (plural chwaraeon, not mutable)

From Middle Welsh chwarae, from Old Welsh guaroimaou (“playground”). Of uncertain ultimate origin; VGK suggests Proto-Celtic *worigo-, related to Irish fuirech (*fo-rig), second element possibly related to *regeti (“to stretch, straighten”)).
Cognate with Cornish gwari and Breton c'hoari.

torri ar chwarae rhywun

to put a spoke in someone's wheel, put an end to someone’s antics


gwennol

gwenoliaid (plural)
gwennol (mutation mutation-radical)
wennol (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwennol (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh gwennawl, from Proto-Brythonic *gwennọl (compare Breton gwennel), from Proto-Celtic *wesnālā (whence Old Irish fannall). For sense "frog (in a horse's foot)", compare Ancient Greek χελιδών (khelidṓn).

bws gwennol

(zoology, horse anatomy) frog (organ on the bottom of a horse’s hoof)


pêl-droed

pêl-droed (mutation mutation-radical)
bêl-droed (mutation mutation-soft)
mhêl-droed (mutation mutation-nasal)
phêl-droed (mutation mutation-aspirate)


uwd

uwd m (usually uncountable, plural iydoedd)

iydoedd (plural)
uwd (mutation mutation-radical)
huwd (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh iwt, from Old Welsh iot, from Proto-Celtic *yut-, *yot-. The Celtic is traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *yewH-s- (“sap, juice, broth”), from *yewH- (“to blend, mix (food), knead”).
However, Matasovic is skeptical of links to Proto-Indo-European, due to the laryngeal in the reconstructed form showing no traces in Celtic, and considers the word a substrate borrowing.
Cognate with Breton yod, Cornish yôs, Old Irish íth, as well as Gallo-Latin iotta, iutta (borrowed from Celtic).


cyflwynydd

cyflwynyddion (plural)
cyflwynydd (mutation mutation-radical)
gyflwynydd (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyflwynydd (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyflwynydd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cyflwyno (“to present, introduce”) + -ydd.

affix

master of ceremonies
master of ceremonies

presenter, compere, master of ceremonies


meddyges

meddygesau (plural)
meddyges (mutation mutation-radical)
feddyges (mutation mutation-soft)


un deg un

un deg un (mutation mutation-radical)
hun deg un (mutation prothesis-h)

/ˌɨ̞ndɛɡ ˈɨːn/

/ˌɪndɛɡ ˈiːn/

From un (“one”) + deg (“ten”) + un (“one”).


un deg tri

un deg tair (feminine)
un deg tri (mutation mutation-radical)
hun deg tri (mutation prothesis-h)

/ˌɨ̞ndɛɡ ˈtriː/

From un (“one”) + deg (“ten”) + tri (“three”).


un ar ddeg

un ar ddeg (mutation mutation-radical)
hun ar ddeg (mutation prothesis-h)

/ˌɨːn ar ˈðeːɡ/

From un (“one”) + ar (“on”) + deg (“ten”).

Yr oedd y cyfnewidiad yma yn symud y trydydd o Medi, 1752, i'r pedwerydd ar ddeg or un mis, gwahaniaeth o un dydd ar ddeg.

1893 March 9, “Mahanoy City, Schuylkill Co., Pa.”, in Y Drych, page 3:

This change moved the third of September, 1752, to the fourteenth of the same month, a difference of eleven days.


meddyg

meddygon (plural)
meddyg (mutation mutation-radical)
feddyg (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh meðyc, from Proto-Brythonic *meðɨg, borrowed from Latin medicus (“doctor”). Cognate with Cornish medhek, Breton mezeg, Middle Irish midach.


un deg dau

un deg dwy (feminine)
un deg dau (mutation mutation-radical)
hun deg dau (mutation prothesis-h)

/ˌɨndɛɡ ˈdaɨ̯/

/ˌɪndɛɡ ˈdɔi̯/

From un (“one”) + deg (“ten”) + dau (“two”).


priod

cy-adj

priod (feminine singular priod, plural priod, not comparable)

priod (feminine singular)
priod (plural)

From Middle Welsh priawt, from Proto-Brythonic *priọd, borrowed from Latin prīvātus. Cognate with Cornish pries, Breton pried. Doublet of preifat, a later borrowing via English.


priod

priodau (plural)
priod (mutation mutation-radical)
briod (mutation mutation-soft)
mhriod (mutation mutation-nasal)
phriod (mutation mutation-aspirate)


tywydd

tywydd (mutation mutation-radical)
dywydd (mutation mutation-soft)
nhywydd (mutation mutation-nasal)
thywydd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Cognate with Cornish tewedha (“weather”).

der

Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to be warm”)

Mae'r tywydd yn wlyb ym mis Ebrill.


defnydd

defnyddiau (plural)
defnydd (mutation mutation-radical)
ddefnydd (mutation mutation-soft)
nefnydd (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *damniyom. Cognate with Irish damhna.


lliw

lliwiau (plural)
lliw (mutation mutation-radical)
liw (mutation mutation-soft)

From Proto-Brythonic *lliw, from Proto-Celtic *līwos, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₃y- (“bluish”). Cognate with Breton liv, Cornish liw, and, more distantly, with Old English slāh (“sloe”) and Latin liveo (“to have bluish colour”).


hylif

cy-adj

hylif (feminine singular hylif, plural hylif, not comparable, not mutable)

hylif (feminine singular)
hylif (plural)


oed

oedau (plural)
oed (mutation mutation-radical)
hoed (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh oet, from Old Welsh oit, from Proto-Brythonic *oɨd, from Proto-Celtic *aitom. Cognate with Breton oad, Cornish ooj, oos.

Faint ydy ei oed o?

Mae o'n dri deg dwy oed.


trydan

trydan (mutation mutation-radical)
drydan (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrydan (mutation mutation-nasal)
thrydan (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From try- (“affirmative prefix”) + tân (“fire”). Compare Cornish tredan and Breton tredan.


cwlwm

clymau (plural)
cylymau (plural)
cwlwm (mutation mutation-radical)
gwlwm (mutation mutation-soft)
nghwlwm (mutation mutation-nasal)
chwlwm (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Cognate with Cornish kolm, Breton koulm, skoulm.


eleni

Cognate with Cornish hevleni. From a compound of Proto-Celtic *so (“this”) and *bleidanī (“year”). (Compare heddiw, from *so and *dīyos (“day”).)


llaid

lleidiau (plural)
llaid (mutation mutation-radical)
laid (mutation mutation-soft)

From Proto-Brythonic *llėd, from Proto-Celtic *latyos (“moist”), from Proto-Indo-European *lat- (“damp, wet”), see also Old Norse leðja (“mud”), Albanian lag (“to moisten”). Cognate with Cornish leys.

(veterinary medicine) mud fever, foot rot


cyntedd

cy-noun

cyntedd m (plural cynteddau or cynteddoedd)

cynteddau (plural)
cynteddoedd (plural)
cyntedd (mutation mutation-radical)
gyntedd (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyntedd (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyntedd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Celtic *kentusedom, cognate to Old Irish cétad (“chair”); ultimately from the root *sed-.


cawl

cawlen (diminutive)
cawl (mutation mutation-radical)
gawl (mutation mutation-soft)
nghawl (mutation mutation-nasal)
chawl (mutation mutation-aspirate)

→ English: cawl

From Middle Welsh cawl, from Proto-Brythonic *kawl, from Latin caulis (“stick or stem of a plant, cabbage-stalk, cabbage”). Cognate with Cornish kowl, Breton kaol.

der

(figuratively) mixture, hodgepodge, mess

soup, pottage, broth; gruel
mixture, hodgepodge, mess


parth

parthau (plural)
parth (mutation mutation-radical)
barth (mutation mutation-soft)
mharth (mutation mutation-nasal)
pharth (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Brythonic *parθ, from Latin pars.


gwisg

gwisgoedd (plural)
gwisg (mutation mutation-radical)
wisg (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwisg (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *gwesk, from Proto-Celtic *weskā, itself from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to dress, clothe”).
Cognate with Latin vestis, English wear, Old Armenian զգեստ (zgest), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹 (wasti), Tocharian B wastsi, and Ancient Greek εἷμα (heîma, “garment”).
In Celtic, compare Old Cornish guisc, Breton gwisk.


galwyn

galwyni (plural)
galwyn (mutation mutation-radical)
alwyn (mutation mutation-soft)
ngalwyn (mutation mutation-nasal)


anialwch

anialwch (mutation mutation-radical)
hanialwch (mutation prothesis-h)


ysmygu

cy-verb

ysmygu (first-person singular present ysmygaf)

ysmygaf (first-person present singular)
ysmygaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
ysmygi (future indicative present second-person singular)
ysmyga (future indicative present singular third-person)
ysmygwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
ysmygwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
ysmygant (future indicative plural present third-person)
ysmygir (future impersonal indicative present)
ysmygwn (conditional first-person singular)
ysmygwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
ysmygit (conditional second-person singular)
ysmygit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
ysmygai (conditional singular third-person)
ysmygai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
ysmygem (conditional first-person plural)
ysmygem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
ysmygech (conditional plural second-person)
ysmygech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
ysmygent (conditional plural third-person)
ysmygent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
ysmygid (conditional impersonal)
ysmygid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
ysmygais (first-person preterite singular)
ysmygaist (preterite second-person singular)
ysmygodd (preterite singular third-person)
ysmygasom (first-person plural preterite)
ysmygasoch (plural preterite second-person)
ysmygasant (plural preterite third-person)
ysmygwyd (impersonal preterite)
ysmygaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
ysmygasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
ysmygasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
ysmygasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
ysmygasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
ysmygasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
ysmygasid (impersonal pluperfect)
ysmygesid (impersonal pluperfect)
ysmygwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
ysmygych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
ysmygo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
ysmygom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
ysmygoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
ysmygont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
ysmyger (impersonal present subjunctive)
ysmyga (imperative second-person singular)
ysmyged (imperative singular third-person)
ysmygwn (first-person imperative plural)
ysmygwch (imperative plural second-person)
ysmygent (imperative plural third-person)
ysmyger (imperative impersonal)
ysmygu (noun-from-verb)
ysmyga i (first-person future singular)
ysmygaf i (first-person future singular)
ysmygi di (future second-person singular)
ysmygith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
ysmygiff e (future singular third-person)
ysmygwn ni (first-person future plural)
ysmygwch chi (future plural second-person)
ysmygan nhw (future plural third-person)
ysmygwn i (conditional first-person singular)
ysmygswn i (conditional first-person singular)
ysmyget ti (conditional second-person singular)
ysmygset ti (conditional second-person singular)
ysmygai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
ysmygsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
ysmygen ni (conditional first-person plural)
ysmygsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
ysmygech chi (conditional plural second-person)
ysmygsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
ysmygen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
ysmygsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
ysmygais i (first-person preterite singular)
ysmyges i (first-person preterite singular)
ysmygaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
ysmygest ti (preterite second-person singular)
ysmygodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
ysmygon ni (first-person plural preterite)
ysmygoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
ysmygon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
ysmyga (imperative second-person singular)
ysmygwch (imperative plural second-person)


tylwyth

tylwythau (plural)
tylwyth (mutation mutation-radical)
dylwyth (mutation mutation-soft)
nhylwyth (mutation mutation-nasal)
thylwyth (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From tŷ (“house”) + llwyth (“people”). Akin to teulu and present in Tylwyth Teg (“fair folk (elves, fairies)”).


adferf

adferfau (plural)
adferf (mutation mutation-radical)
hadferf (mutation prothesis-h)

Borrowed from Latin adverbium. By surface analysis, ad- + berf.


brecwast

brecwastau (plural)
brecwast (mutation mutation-radical)
frecwast (mutation mutation-soft)
mrecwast (mutation mutation-nasal)


lolfa

From lolian (“to joke, jest, loll”) + -fa, the former perhaps related to English loll.


cyfreithwraig

cy-noun

cyfreithwraig f (plural cyfreithwragedd)

cyfreithwragedd (plural)
cyfreithwraig (mutation mutation-radical)
gyfreithwraig (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyfreithwraig (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyfreithwraig (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cyfraith (“law”) + -wraig (“woman”).


cyfraith

cyfraith f (plural cyfreithiau or cyfreithion)

cyfreithiau (plural)
cyfreithion (plural)
cyfraith (mutation mutation-radical)
gyfraith (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyfraith (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyfraith (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh kyfreith, kyureith, from Proto-Brythonic *kuβ̃reiθ, from Proto-Celtic *kom-rextus. By surface analysis, cyf- + rhaith.

Mae'r gyfraith yn dweud bod rhaid i ni dalu'r dreth.


cyfreithiwr

cyfreithwyr (plural)
cyfreithiwr (mutation mutation-radical)
gyfreithiwr (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyfreithiwr (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyfreithiwr (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ymwelwr

ymwelwr m (plural ymwelwyr, feminine ymwelwraig)

ymwelwyr (plural)
ymwelwraig (feminine)
ymwelwr (mutation mutation-radical)
hymwelwr (mutation prothesis-h)


taith

teithiau (plural)
taith (mutation mutation-radical)
daith (mutation mutation-soft)
nhaith (mutation mutation-nasal)
thaith (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh teith, from Proto-Brythonic *tėθ, from Proto-Celtic *tixtā, verbal noun from *teigeti (“to go”). Cognate with Old Irish techt.


piws

cy-adj

piws (feminine singular piws, plural piws, not comparable)

piws (feminine singular)
piws (plural)
piws (mutation mutation-radical)
biws (mutation mutation-soft)
mhiws (mutation mutation-nasal)
phiws (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from English puce, from French puce (“flea”), from Latin pūlex.


ceillgwd

ceillgydau (plural)
ceillgwd (mutation mutation-radical)
geillgwd (mutation mutation-soft)
ngheillgwd (mutation mutation-nasal)
cheillgwd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From caill (“testicle”) + cwd (“sac, pouch”).


pidyn

pidynnau (plural)
pidyn (mutation mutation-radical)
bidyn (mutation mutation-soft)
mhidyn (mutation mutation-nasal)
phidyn (mutation mutation-aspirate)


llenyddiaeth

llenyddiaethau (plural)
llenyddiaeth (mutation mutation-radical)
lenyddiaeth (mutation mutation-soft)

/ɬɛˈnəðjaɨ̯θ/

/ɬɛˈnəðjai̯θ/

From llenydd (“literary man, author, scholar”) + -iaeth.


glasgoch

cy-adj

glasgoch (feminine singular glasgoch, plural glasgochion, equative glasgoched, comparative glasgochach, superlative glasgochaf)

glasgoch (feminine singular)
glasgochion (plural)
glasgoched (equative)
glasgochach (comparative)
glasgochaf (superlative)
glasgoch (mutation mutation-radical)
lasgoch (mutation mutation-soft)
nglasgoch (mutation mutation-nasal)


llenydda

llenydda (mutation mutation-radical)
lenydda (mutation mutation-soft)

From llenydd (“literary person”), from llên (“literature”) + -ydd (agent suffix).

suffix

(rare) to practise literature; to be involved in literature through composition, study or simply interest


cwd

cy-noun

cwd m (plural cydau, diminutive cwdyn or cydyn)

cydau (plural)
cwdyn (diminutive)
cydyn (diminutive)
cwd (mutation mutation-radical)
gwd (mutation mutation-soft)
nghwd (mutation mutation-nasal)
chwd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

If not borrowed from Latin cutis (“skin”), cwd is the sole surviving Celtic reflex (via Proto-Brythonic *kud, from Proto-Celtic *kutis) of Proto-Indo-European *kuH-ti-, which is composed of the root *kew(H)- (zero-grade without s-mobile form of *(s)kewH- (“to cover”)) + *-tis (a deverbal abstract noun suffix). In addition to Latin cutis, cognate with Lithuanian kutỹs (“purse”), Old English hȳd (modern English hide (noun)).

suf

zero-grade without s-mobile form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*(s)kewH-</i> (“to cover”)

(anatomy) scrotum, cod; any bag-like cavity or organ in body, sac


Alis

Alis (mutation mutation-radical)
Halis (mutation prothesis-h)

From Old French Alys, Alice, from Old High German Adalheidis, from Proto-Germanic *aþalaz (“noble”) + *haiduz (“character”).

a female given name, equivalent to English Alice


cysylltnod

cysylltnodau (plural)
cysylltnod (mutation mutation-radical)
gysylltnod (mutation mutation-soft)
nghysylltnod (mutation mutation-nasal)
chysylltnod (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cyswllt (“connection”) + nod (“mark”).


sillgoll

cy-noun

sillgoll f (plural sillgollau, not mutable)


cysylltair

cysyllteiriau (plural)
cysylltair (mutation mutation-radical)
gysylltair (mutation mutation-soft)
nghysylltair (mutation mutation-nasal)
chysylltair (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cyswllt (“connection”) + gair (“word”).


ebychnod

ebychnodau (plural)
ebychnod (mutation mutation-radical)
hebychnod (mutation prothesis-h)

From ebychu (“to exclaim”) + nod (“mark”).


gofynnod

gofynnodau (plural)
gofynnod (mutation mutation-radical)
ofynnod (mutation mutation-soft)
ngofynnod (mutation mutation-nasal)


atalnod llawn

atalnod llawn m (plural atalnodau llawn)

atalnodau llawn (plural)
atalnod llawn (mutation mutation-radical)
hatalnod llawn (mutation prothesis-h)


dyfynnod

dyfynodau (plural)
dyfynnod (mutation mutation-radical)
ddyfynnod (mutation mutation-soft)
nyfynnod (mutation mutation-nasal)

From dyfynnu (“to quote”) + nod (“mark”).


atalnod

atalnodau (plural)
atalnod (mutation mutation-radical)
hatalnod (mutation prothesis-h)

From atal (“impediment, hindrance”) + nod (“mark”).


collnod

collnodau (plural)
collnod (mutation mutation-radical)
gollnod (mutation mutation-soft)
nghollnod (mutation mutation-nasal)
chollnod (mutation mutation-aspirate)


cromfach

cromfachau (plural)
cromfach (mutation mutation-radical)
gromfach (mutation mutation-soft)
nghromfach (mutation mutation-nasal)
chromfach (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From crom, crwm (“convex; crooked, bent, curved, bowed, hooked; crook-backed, stooping”) + bach (“hook; bend, corner; hinge; bracket”).

affix

(typography) bracket (UK), parenthesis (US)


cyswllt

cy-noun

cyswllt m (plural cysylltau or cysylltiau)

From Middle Welsh kysswllt, from Proto-Brythonic *kusulld, from Vulgar Latin *cōnsoldus, cōnsolidus; cf. Latin cōnsolidō.

(astronomy, astrology, grammar) conjunction


Arianrhod

Arianrhod (mutation mutation-radical)
Harianrhod (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh Aryanrot, Aranrot (literally “silver wheel”), from ariant (“silver”), from Proto-Brythonic *arɣant + rot, rod (“wheel”), from *rrod (“wheel, chariot”).


cynnig

cynigion (plural)
cynnig (mutation mutation-radical)
gynnig (mutation mutation-soft)
nghynnig (mutation mutation-nasal)
chynnig (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh kynnic, from Proto-Brythonic *kunnigɨd, borrowed from Latin condīcō (“to talk something over together”) (compare Breton kinnig, Cornish kynnik).


crempog

crempogau (plural)
crempog (mutation mutation-radical)
grempog (mutation mutation-soft)
nghrempog (mutation mutation-nasal)
chrempog (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Related to English crumpet; it is unclear which language borrowed from which. Compare also Breton krampouezh.


bara brith

bara brith (mutation mutation-radical)
fara brith (mutation mutation-soft)
mara brith (mutation mutation-nasal)

From bara (“bread”) + brith (“speckled, mottled”), literally "speckled bread".


sallwyr

cy-noun

sallwyr m (plural sallwyrau, not mutable)

From Latin psaltērium (“psaltery”), from Ancient Greek ψαλτήριον (psaltḗrion, “a harp”).


nabl

cy-noun

nabl m or f (plural nablau, not mutable)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek νάβλα (nábla), from Biblical Hebrew נֵ֤בֶל (nēḇel).

(biblical, historical, music) a nabla, a psaltery


siop goffi

siop goffi f (plural siopau coffi, not mutable)

/ˌʃɔp ˈɡɔfi/


trennydd

Related to tra- (“across”) + dydd (“day”).


trannoeth

From tra- + an inflection of Proto-Celtic *noxt- (“night”), whence Welsh nos. Compare also heno (“tonight”) < Middle Welsh henoeth.


trannoeth

trannoeth (mutation mutation-radical)
drannoeth (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrannoeth (mutation mutation-nasal)
thrannoeth (mutation mutation-aspirate)


gorchaw

gorchawon (plural)
gorchaw (mutation mutation-radical)
orchaw (mutation mutation-soft)
ngorchaw (mutation mutation-nasal)

From gor- (“over, hyper-”) + caw (“bandage, knot”).


nodwydd

cy-noun

nodwydd f (plural nodwyddau, not mutable)

From Proto-Celtic *snātantā (compare Breton nodoez, Old Irish snáthat), from Proto-Indo-European *sneh₁- (“to spin, twist”).


echel

cy-noun

echel f (plural echelau or echelydd or echeli or echyl)

echelau (plural)
echelydd (plural)
echeli (plural)
echyl (plural)
echel (mutation mutation-radical)
hechel (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Celtic *aksilā. Cognate with Latin axis.

taflu rhywun oddi ar ei echel

to throw off, to put off, to disconcert; to throw someone off their axle


aberth

aberth m or f (plural aberthau or ebyrth)

aberthau (plural)
ebyrth (plural)
aberth (mutation mutation-radical)
haberth (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *aberθ, from Proto-Celtic *adbertā.


cyfnewid

cy-verb

cyfnewid (first-person singular present cyfnewidiaf)

cyfnewidiaf (first-person present singular)
cyfnewidiaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
cyfnewidi (future indicative present second-person singular)
cyfnewidi (future indicative present singular third-person)
cyfnewidia (future indicative present singular third-person)
cyfnewidiwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
cyfnewidiwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
cyfnewidiant (future indicative plural present third-person)
cyfnewidir (future impersonal indicative present)
cyfnewidiwn (conditional first-person singular)
cyfnewidiwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
cyfnewidit (conditional second-person singular)
cyfnewidit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
cyfnewidiai (conditional singular third-person)
cyfnewidiai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
cyfnewidiem (conditional first-person plural)
cyfnewidiem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
cyfnewidiech (conditional plural second-person)
cyfnewidiech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
cyfnewidient (conditional plural third-person)
cyfnewidient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
cyfnewidid (conditional impersonal)
cyfnewidid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
cyfnewidiais (first-person preterite singular)
cyfnewidiaist (preterite second-person singular)
cyfnewidiodd (preterite singular third-person)
cyfnewidiasom (first-person plural preterite)
cyfnewidiasoch (plural preterite second-person)
cyfnewidiasant (plural preterite third-person)
cyfnewidiwyd (impersonal preterite)
cyfnewidiaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
cyfnewidiasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
cyfnewidiasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
cyfnewidiasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
cyfnewidiasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
cyfnewidiasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
cyfnewidiasid (impersonal pluperfect)
cyfnewidiesid (impersonal pluperfect)
cyfnewidiwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
cyfnewidiech (present second-person singular subjunctive)
cyfnewidio (present singular subjunctive third-person)
cyfnewidiom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
cyfnewidioch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
cyfnewidiont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
cyfnewidier (impersonal present subjunctive)
cyfnewidi (imperative second-person singular)
cyfnewidia (imperative second-person singular)
cyfnewidied (imperative singular third-person)
cyfnewidiwn (first-person imperative plural)
cyfnewidiwch (imperative plural second-person)
cyfnewidient (imperative plural third-person)
cyfnewidier (imperative impersonal)
cyfnewid (noun-from-verb)
cyfnewidiedig (participle)
cyfnewidiadwy (participle)
cyfnewidia i (first-person future singular)
cyfnewidiaf i (first-person future singular)
cyfnewidi di (future second-person singular)
cyfnewidith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
cyfnewidiff e (future singular third-person)
cyfnewidiwn ni (first-person future plural)
cyfnewidiwch chi (future plural second-person)
cyfnewidian nhw (future plural third-person)
cyfnewidiwn i (conditional first-person singular)
cyfnewidiswn i (conditional first-person singular)
cyfnewidiet ti (conditional second-person singular)
cyfnewidiset ti (conditional second-person singular)
cyfnewidiai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
cyfnewidisai fo (conditional singular third-person)
cyfnewidien ni (conditional first-person plural)
cyfnewidisen ni (conditional first-person plural)
cyfnewidiech chi (conditional plural second-person)
cyfnewidisech chi (conditional plural second-person)
cyfnewidien nhw (conditional plural third-person)
cyfnewidisen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
cyfnewidiais i (first-person preterite singular)
cyfnewidies i (first-person preterite singular)
cyfnewidiaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
cyfnewidiest ti (preterite second-person singular)
cyfnewidiodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
cyfnewidion ni (first-person plural preterite)
cyfnewidioch chi (plural preterite second-person)
cyfnewidion nhw (plural preterite third-person)
cyfnewidia (imperative second-person singular)
cyfnewidiwch (imperative plural second-person)
cyfnewid (mutation mutation-radical)
gyfnewid (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyfnewid (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyfnewid (mutation mutation-aspirate)


castanwydd

cy-noun

castanwydd f (collective, singulative castanwydden)

castanwydden (singulative)
castanwydd (mutation mutation-radical)
gastanwydd (mutation mutation-soft)
nghastanwydd (mutation mutation-nasal)
chastanwydd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From castan (“chestnut”) + gwŷdd (“trees”).


cerwyn

cerwynau (plural)
cerwyni (plural)
cerwyn (mutation mutation-radical)
gerwyn (mutation mutation-soft)
ngherwyn (mutation mutation-nasal)
cherwyn (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh kerwyn, from Proto-Brythonic *keruɨn, borrowed from Vulgar Latin *cerēna, from Latin carīna (“keel”).


myrddiwn

myrddiynau (plural)
myrddiwn (mutation mutation-radical)
fyrddiwn (mutation mutation-soft)

From myrdd + -iwn extracted from words like miliwn (“million”).


rhiw

rhiwiau (plural)
rhiw (mutation mutation-radical)
riw (mutation mutation-soft)

Usually attested in placenames, such as Carew, parallel to the Cornish suffix -rew, but of obscure origin.


siwrnai

siwrnai f (plural siwrneiau or siwrneion, not mutable)

Borrowed from Middle English journee, from Old French jornee, from Vulgar Latin *diurnāta. Doublet of diwrnod.


neithiwr

Earlier neithiwyr, from Proto-Celtic *noxt-yēr-, a derivative of *noxs (“night”), from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts. Compare Breton neizheur and Cornish nyhewer.


diwrnod

diwrnodau (plural)
diwrnod (mutation mutation-radical)
ddiwrnod (mutation mutation-soft)
niwrnod (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh diwarnawt, borrowed from Vulgar Latin or Medieval Latin diurnāta (“a day’s work, a day’s journey, a fixed day, a day”), from Latin diurnus (“daily”), from diēs (“day”). Doublet of siwrnai.


ciwdod

cy-noun

ciwdod m or f (plural ciwdodau or ciwdodoedd)

ciwdodau (plural)
ciwdodoedd (plural)
ciwdod (mutation mutation-radical)
giwdod (mutation mutation-soft)
nghiwdod (mutation mutation-nasal)
chiwdod (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh kiwdawt, from Proto-Brythonic *kiwdọd, borrowed from Latin cīvitātem, the accusative singular of cīvitās. Doublet of ciwed, which is from the nominative.

people (group of persons forming or belonging to a particular nation)


ehöeg

cy-adj

ehöeg (feminine singular ehöeg, plural ehöeg, not comparable)

ehöeg (feminine singular)
ehöeg (plural)
ehöeg (mutation mutation-radical)
hehöeg (mutation prothesis-h)


niwlen

cy-noun

niwlen f (plural niwlennau, not mutable)

(pathology) cataract (opacity of the lens in the eye)


lliwydd

lliwyddion (plural)
lliwydd (mutation mutation-radical)
liwydd (mutation mutation-soft)


brwyn

From Middle Welsh brwyn, from Proto-Celtic *brugnos. Cognate with Irish brón.


brwyn

brwynen (singulative)
brwyn (mutation mutation-radical)
frwyn (mutation mutation-soft)
mrwyn (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *brīnika (“stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrugh-no- (“twig”), see also Old English brogne, perhaps related to the root of English brush.

rushes (plants of the genus Juncus; their stems used as a material)


ŵyll

wylliaid (plural)
ŵyll (mutation mutation-radical)
hŵyll (mutation prothesis-h)


gwyll

gwyllon (plural)
gwyll (mutation mutation-radical)
wyll (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwyll (mutation mutation-nasal)


gŵyth

gwythau (plural)
gwythi (plural)
gŵyth (mutation mutation-radical)
ŵyth (mutation mutation-soft)
ngŵyth (mutation mutation-nasal)


chwydd

From Middle Welsh chwyd, from Proto-Brythonic *hwuɨð, from Proto-Celtic *sweidus; cognate with Old Irish síad.

swelling (anything swollen, especially any abnormally swollen part of the body)


cwyno

cy-verb

cwyno (first-person singular present cwynaf)

cwynaf (first-person present singular)
cwynaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
cwyni (future indicative present second-person singular)
cwyn (future indicative present singular third-person)
cwyna (future indicative present singular third-person)
cwynwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
cwynwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
cwynant (future indicative plural present third-person)
cwynir (future impersonal indicative present)
cwynwn (conditional first-person singular)
cwynwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
cwynit (conditional second-person singular)
cwynit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
cwynai (conditional singular third-person)
cwynai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
cwynem (conditional first-person plural)
cwynem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
cwynech (conditional plural second-person)
cwynech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
cwynent (conditional plural third-person)
cwynent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
cwynid (conditional impersonal)
cwynid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
cwynais (first-person preterite singular)
cwynaist (preterite second-person singular)
cwynodd (preterite singular third-person)
cwynasom (first-person plural preterite)
cwynasoch (plural preterite second-person)
cwynasant (plural preterite third-person)
cwynwyd (impersonal preterite)
cwynaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
cwynasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
cwynasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
cwynasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
cwynasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
cwynasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
cwynasid (impersonal pluperfect)
cwynesid (impersonal pluperfect)
cwynwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
cwynych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
cwyno (present singular subjunctive third-person)
cwynom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
cwynoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
cwynont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
cwyner (impersonal present subjunctive)
cwyn (imperative second-person singular)
cwyna (imperative second-person singular)
cwyned (imperative singular third-person)
cwynwn (first-person imperative plural)
cwynwch (imperative plural second-person)
cwynent (imperative plural third-person)
cwyner (imperative impersonal)
cwyno (noun-from-verb)
cwynedig (participle)
cwyno (mutation mutation-radical)
gwyno (mutation mutation-soft)
nghwyno (mutation mutation-nasal)
chwyno (mutation mutation-aspirate)

to sue in a law-court, commence a lawsuit, take legal action


cannwyll

canhwyllau (plural)
cannwyll (mutation mutation-radical)
gannwyll (mutation mutation-soft)
nghannwyll (mutation mutation-nasal)
channwyll (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh canhwyll, from Old Welsh cannuill, from Proto-Brythonic *kantuɨll, borrowed from Vulgar Latin *cantēlla, from Latin candēla. Compare Cornish kantol.


rhwyd

rhwydi (plural)
rhwydau (plural)
rhwyd (mutation mutation-radical)
rwyd (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh rwyt, from Proto-Brythonic *rruɨd, from Latin rēte.

net (mesh; device made of mesh for catching fish, birds, etc.)


gwenwyn

gwenwynau (plural)
gwenwyn (mutation mutation-radical)
wenwyn (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwenwyn (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh gwenwyn, from Proto-Brythonic *gwenuɨn (compare Old Cornish guenoin(reiat)), from Latin venēnum.

poison (substance harmful to a living organism), venom


paradwys

paradwysau (plural)
paradwys (mutation mutation-radical)
baradwys (mutation mutation-soft)
mharadwys (mutation mutation-nasal)
pharadwys (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh paradwys, from Proto-Brythonic *paraduɨs.


swyn

From Middle Welsh swyn, from Proto-Brythonic *suɨɣn, from Latin signum.


tywod

cy-noun

tywod m (plural tywodydd, diminutive tywodyn)

tywodydd (plural)
tywodyn (diminutive)
tywod (mutation mutation-radical)
dywod (mutation mutation-soft)
nhywod (mutation mutation-nasal)
thywod (mutation mutation-aspirate)


cochi

cy-verb

cochi (first-person singular present cochaf)

cochaf (first-person present singular)
cochaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
cochi (future indicative present second-person singular)
coch (future indicative present singular third-person)
cocha (future indicative present singular third-person)
cochwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
cochwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
cochant (future indicative plural present third-person)
cochir (future impersonal indicative present)
cochwn (conditional first-person singular)
cochwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
cochit (conditional second-person singular)
cochit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
cochai (conditional singular third-person)
cochai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
cochem (conditional first-person plural)
cochem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
cochech (conditional plural second-person)
cochech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
cochent (conditional plural third-person)
cochent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
cochid (conditional impersonal)
cochid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
cochais (first-person preterite singular)
cochaist (preterite second-person singular)
cochodd (preterite singular third-person)
cochasom (first-person plural preterite)
cochasoch (plural preterite second-person)
cochasant (plural preterite third-person)
cochwyd (impersonal preterite)
cochaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
cochasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
cochasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
cochasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
cochasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
cochasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
cochasid (impersonal pluperfect)
cochesid (impersonal pluperfect)
cochwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
cochych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
cocho (present singular subjunctive third-person)
cochom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
cochoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
cochont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
cocher (impersonal present subjunctive)
coch (imperative second-person singular)
cocha (imperative second-person singular)
coched (imperative singular third-person)
cochwn (first-person imperative plural)
cochwch (imperative plural second-person)
cochent (imperative plural third-person)
cocher (imperative impersonal)
cochi (noun-from-verb)
cochedig (participle)
cochadwy (participle)
cocha i (first-person future singular)
cochaf i (first-person future singular)
cochi di (future second-person singular)
cochith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
cochiff e (future singular third-person)
cochwn ni (first-person future plural)
cochwch chi (future plural second-person)
cochan nhw (future plural third-person)
cochwn i (conditional first-person singular)
cochswn i (conditional first-person singular)
cochet ti (conditional second-person singular)
cochset ti (conditional second-person singular)
cochai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
cochsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
cochen ni (conditional first-person plural)
cochsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
cochech chi (conditional plural second-person)
cochsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
cochen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
cochsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
cochais i (first-person preterite singular)
coches i (first-person preterite singular)
cochaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
cochest ti (preterite second-person singular)
cochodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
cochon ni (first-person plural preterite)
cochoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
cochon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
cocha (imperative second-person singular)
cochwch (imperative plural second-person)
cochi (mutation mutation-radical)
gochi (mutation mutation-soft)
nghochi (mutation mutation-nasal)
chochi (mutation mutation-aspirate)


llestr

llestri (plural)
llestr (mutation mutation-radical)
lestr (mutation mutation-soft)

From Proto-Brythonic *llestr, from Proto-Celtic *lestrom (“pot”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *les- (“to gather”) + *-trom. Compare Irish leastar (“cup, vessel, tub”), Breton lestr (“vessel, vase, ship”).

vessel, container
(nautical) boat, ship, watercraft

vessel, container
boat, ship, watercraft

a person as embodiment or carrier of qualities

(biology) tube or duct in the body of an organism

vessel, container
tube or duct in the body of an organism


cyfnod

cyfnodau (plural)
cyfnod (mutation mutation-radical)
gyfnod (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyfnod (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyfnod (mutation mutation-aspirate)


twll

tyllau (plural)
twll (mutation mutation-radical)
dwll (mutation mutation-soft)
nhwll (mutation mutation-nasal)
thwll (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh twll, from Proto-Celtic *tullom, *tullos (“hole”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewk- (“to push, hit”). Cognate with Irish toll (“hole”).


cyflwr

cyflyrau (plural)
cyflwr (mutation mutation-radical)
gyflwr (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyflwr (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyflwr (mutation mutation-aspirate)


daear

daearoedd (plural)
daear (mutation mutation-radical)
ddaear (mutation mutation-soft)
naear (mutation mutation-nasal)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm.


claddu

cy-verb

claddu (first-person singular present claddaf)

claddaf (first-person present singular)
claddaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
cleddi (future indicative present second-person singular)
cladd (future indicative present singular third-person)
claddwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
cleddwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
claddwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
claddant (future indicative plural present third-person)
cleddir (future impersonal indicative present)
claddwn (conditional first-person singular)
claddwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
claddit (conditional second-person singular)
claddit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
claddai (conditional singular third-person)
claddai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
claddem (conditional first-person plural)
claddem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
claddech (conditional plural second-person)
claddech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
claddent (conditional plural third-person)
claddent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
cleddid (conditional impersonal)
cleddid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
cleddais (first-person preterite singular)
cleddaist (preterite second-person singular)
claddodd (preterite singular third-person)
claddasom (first-person plural preterite)
claddasoch (plural preterite second-person)
claddasant (plural preterite third-person)
claddwyd (impersonal preterite)
claddaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
claddasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
claddasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
claddasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
claddasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
claddasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
claddasid (impersonal pluperfect)
claddesid (impersonal pluperfect)
claddwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
cleddych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
claddo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
claddom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
claddoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
claddont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
cladder (impersonal present subjunctive)
cladda (imperative second-person singular)
cladded (imperative singular third-person)
claddwn (first-person imperative plural)
cleddwch (imperative plural second-person)
claddwch (imperative plural second-person)
claddent (imperative plural third-person)
cladder (imperative impersonal)
claddu (noun-from-verb)
claddedig (participle)
claddadwy (participle)
cladda i (first-person future singular)
claddaf i (first-person future singular)
claddi di (future second-person singular)
claddith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
claddiff e (future singular third-person)
claddwn ni (first-person future plural)
claddwch chi (future plural second-person)
claddan nhw (future plural third-person)
claddwn i (conditional first-person singular)
claddswn i (conditional first-person singular)
claddet ti (conditional second-person singular)
claddset ti (conditional second-person singular)
claddai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
claddsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
cladden ni (conditional first-person plural)
claddsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
claddech chi (conditional plural second-person)
claddsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
cladden nhw (conditional plural third-person)
claddsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
claddais i (first-person preterite singular)
claddes i (first-person preterite singular)
claddaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
claddest ti (preterite second-person singular)
claddodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
claddon ni (first-person plural preterite)
claddoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
claddon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
cladda (imperative second-person singular)
claddwch (imperative plural second-person)
claddu (mutation mutation-radical)
gladdu (mutation mutation-soft)
nghladdu (mutation mutation-nasal)
chladdu (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Brythonic *klėðɨd, from Proto-Celtic *kladeti.


olddodiad

olddodiaid (plural)
olddodiad (mutation mutation-radical)
holddodiad (mutation prothesis-h)


rhagddodiad

rhagddodiaid (plural)
rhagddodiad (mutation mutation-radical)
ragddodiad (mutation mutation-soft)


coden

codennau (plural)
coden (mutation mutation-radical)
goden (mutation mutation-soft)
nghoden (mutation mutation-nasal)
choden (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cod (“bag, pouch, sack, poke”) + -en (diminutive ending).


gwreiddiol

gwreiddiolion (plural)
gwreiddiol (mutation mutation-radical)
wreiddiol (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwreiddiol (mutation mutation-nasal)

(linguistics) root, radical (an unmutated consonant)

(music) root (fundamental note of a chord)


prawf

Denominative from profi, which is from Latin probo.


cadw

cy-verb

cadw (first-person singular present cadwaf)

cadwaf (first-person present singular)
cadwaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
cedwi (future indicative present second-person singular)
ceidw (future indicative present singular third-person)
cadwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
cedwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
cadwant (future indicative plural present third-person)
cedwir (future impersonal indicative present)
cadwn (conditional first-person singular)
cadwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
cadwit (conditional second-person singular)
cadwit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
cadwai (conditional singular third-person)
cadwai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
cadwem (conditional first-person plural)
cadwem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
cadwech (conditional plural second-person)
cadwech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
cadwent (conditional plural third-person)
cadwent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
cedwid (conditional impersonal)
cedwid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
cedwais (first-person preterite singular)
cedwaist (preterite second-person singular)
cadwodd (preterite singular third-person)
cadwasom (first-person plural preterite)
cadwasoch (plural preterite second-person)
cadwasant (plural preterite third-person)
cadwyd (impersonal preterite)
cadwaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
cadwasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
cadwasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
cadwasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
cadwasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
cadwasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
cadwasid (impersonal pluperfect)
cadwesid (impersonal pluperfect)
cadwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
cedwych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
cadwo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
cadwom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
cadwoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
cadwont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
cadwer (impersonal present subjunctive)
cadw (imperative second-person singular)
cadwa (imperative second-person singular)
cadwed (imperative singular third-person)
cadwn (first-person imperative plural)
cedwch (imperative plural second-person)
cadwent (imperative plural third-person)
cadwer (imperative impersonal)
cadw (noun-from-verb)
cadwedig (participle)
cadwadwy (participle)
cadwa i (first-person future singular)
cadwaf i (first-person future singular)
cadwi di (future second-person singular)
cadwith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
cadwiff e (future singular third-person)
cadwn ni (first-person future plural)
cadwch chi (future plural second-person)
cadwan nhw (future plural third-person)
cadwn i (conditional first-person singular)
cadwswn i (conditional first-person singular)
cadwet ti (conditional second-person singular)
cadwset ti (conditional second-person singular)
cadwai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
cadwsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
cadwen ni (conditional first-person plural)
cadwsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
cadwech chi (conditional plural second-person)
cadwsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
cadwen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
cadwsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
cadwais i (first-person preterite singular)
cadwes i (first-person preterite singular)
cadwaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
cadwest ti (preterite second-person singular)
cadwodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
cadwon ni (first-person plural preterite)
cadwoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
cadwon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
cadwa (imperative second-person singular)
cadwch (imperative plural second-person)
cadw (mutation mutation-radical)
gadw (mutation mutation-soft)
nghadw (mutation mutation-nasal)
chadw (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Celtic *kat-wo-, from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to protect”). Cognate with English hat, English heed, Latin cassis.

cadw draenog yn boced un

to be tightfisted, mean with money; to keep a hedgehog in one's pocket


cynnyrch

cynhyrchion (plural)
cynnyrch (mutation mutation-radical)
gynnyrch (mutation mutation-soft)
nghynnyrch (mutation mutation-nasal)
chynnyrch (mutation mutation-aspirate)

cynhyrchu

to bring forth (fruit, seed, etc.), yield or grow crop (of), supply, furnish; to cause (to happen), effect, bring into existence, make, manufacture (goods, etc.); to be the author of, compose; to bring forward, present to view or notice, offer for inspection or consideration; to produce (play, etc.); to proceed, emanate; to present, offer; to represent; to grow, increase; to cause to increase; to quicken, inspire

produce, product, production
(mathematics) product


rhaw

rhawiau (plural)
rhofiau (plural)
rhaw (mutation mutation-radical)
raw (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh raw, from Proto-Brythonic *rrọβ̃ (compare Cornish rêv, Middle Breton reuf), from Proto-Celtic *rāmyos (“oar”) (compare Old Irish rámae), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to row”).


criw

criwiau (plural)
criw (mutation mutation-radical)
griw (mutation mutation-soft)
nghriw (mutation mutation-nasal)
chriw (mutation mutation-aspirate)


trefn

trefnau (plural)
trefn (mutation mutation-radical)
drefn (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrefn (mutation mutation-nasal)
threfn (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Originally meant "room, buiding, home", from Proto-Celtic *trebā, from Proto-Indo-European *treb-. Doublet of tref (“town”).

diolch i'r drefn

providentially (lit. "thanks to the providence")

(religion) providence (usually with the definite article)


pridd

cy-noun

pridd m (plural priddau or priddoedd or priddion)

priddau (plural)
priddoedd (plural)
priddion (plural)
pridd (mutation mutation-radical)
bridd (mutation mutation-soft)
mhridd (mutation mutation-nasal)
phridd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh prið, Proto-Brythonic *prið, from Proto-Celtic *kʷrīyess.

(potter's) clay, mud or clay as building-material, mortar, plaster


addysg

addysgau (plural)
addysg (mutation mutation-radical)
haddysg (mutation prothesis-h)


berfenw

berfenwau (plural)
berfenw (mutation mutation-radical)
ferfenw (mutation mutation-soft)
merfenw (mutation mutation-nasal)


rhagenw

rhagenwau (plural)
rhagenw (mutation mutation-radical)
ragenw (mutation mutation-soft)

From rhag- + enw (“noun”). Calque of Latin prōnōmen.


llosgach

llosgach (mutation mutation-radical)
losgach (mutation mutation-soft)


Mair

Mair (mutation mutation-radical)
Fair (mutation mutation-soft)

a female given name, equivalent to English Mary

brithyll Mair

five-bearded rockling, Ciliata mustela (syn. Motella mustela)

cannwyll Fair

corpse-candle; marigold, Marybud, Calendula officinalis

cribau Mair

milk thistle, Mary thistle Silybum marianum

esgid Fair

lady’s slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus)

gwallt Mair

maidenhair fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris); maidenhair spleenwort (Asplenium trichomanes)

gwlydd Mair

scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis); burnet-saxifrage, (Pimpinella saxifraga)

gŵyl Fair y Gwirodau

a festival of the Virgin Mary at which much drink was consumed

llopan Fair

lady’s slipper orchid, Cypripedium calceolus

llysiau bronnau Mair

lesser celandine, Ficaria verna (syn. Ranunculus ficaria); lungwort, Pulmonaria officinalis

llysiau Mair

marigold, Calendula officinalis; bugle, Ajuga reptans

llysiau Mair Fadlen

costmary, Tanacetum balsamita (syn. Chrysanthemum balsamita); sweet maudlin, Achillea ageratum; wild carrot, Daucus carota

menyg Mair

foxglove, Digitalis purpurea; mullein, Verbascum

mantell Fair

lady’s mantle, Alchemilla vulgaris; ground-ivy, Glechoma hederacea

mieri Mair

sweet briar (Rosa rubiginosa, syn. Rosa eglanteria)

mintys Mair

clary, Salvia sclarea; spearmint, Mentha spicata; costmary, Tanacetum balsamita (syn. Chrysanthemum balsamita)

mwyar Mair

mulberries, Morus; dewberries, Rubus caesius

rhedyn Mair

lady ferns; male ferns; mountain ferns; lemon-scented ferns; polypody; sweet cicely

rhos Mair

rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus, syn. Rosmarinus officinalis); dog rose, Rosa canina

rhosyn Mair

rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus, syn. Rosmarinus officinalis); Damask rose, Rosa × damascena

tafol Mair

patience dock (Rumex patientia); bloody dock (Rumex sanguineus); clustered dock, Rumex conglomeratus; common sorrel (Rumex acetosa); bistort (Bistorta officinalis, syn. Persicaria bistorta)

ysgol Fair

Saint John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum)


combein

combeiniau (plural)
combein (mutation mutation-radical)
gombein (mutation mutation-soft)
nghombein (mutation mutation-nasal)
chombein (mutation mutation-aspirate)


plwm

cy-adj

plwm (feminine singular plwm, plural plwm, not comparable)

plwm (feminine singular)
plwm (plural)
plwm (mutation mutation-radical)
blwm (mutation mutation-soft)
mhlwm (mutation mutation-nasal)
phlwm (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh plwm, from Proto-Brythonic *plum, from Latin plumbum.


Groeg

Groeg (mutation mutation-radical)
Roeg (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngroeg (mutation mutation-nasal)


Awstralia

Awstralia (mutation mutation-radical)
Hawstralia (mutation prothesis-h)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Gwydion

Gwydion (mutation mutation-radical)
Wydion (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngwydion (mutation mutation-nasal)


saeth

From Middle Welsh saeth, from Proto-Brythonic *saɣeθ, a borrowing from Latin sagitta. Cognate with Cornish seth, Breton saezh, Irish saighead.


Hwngareg

/hʊŋˈɡa(ː)rɛɡ/


gân

gân (mutation mutation-radical)
ân (mutation mutation-soft)
ngân (mutation mutation-nasal)

Probably borrowed from English gan (“the mouth”).


cynffon

cy-noun

cynffon f (plural cynffonnau or cynffonion)

cynffonnau (plural)
cynffonion (plural)
cynffon (mutation mutation-radical)
gynffon (mutation mutation-soft)
nghynffon (mutation mutation-nasal)
chynffon (mutation mutation-aspirate)

cynffonna

to wag the tail, to fawn, to suck up to (someone)


daearyddiaeth

daearyddiaeth f (plural daearyddiaethau)

daearyddiaethau (plural)
daearyddiaeth (mutation mutation-radical)
ddaearyddiaeth (mutation mutation-soft)
naearyddiaeth (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˌdeɨ̯aˈrəðjaɨ̯θ/

/ˌdeɨ̯aˈrəðjɛθ/


carreg fedd

cerrig bedd (plural)
carreg fedd (mutation mutation-radical)
garreg fedd (mutation mutation-soft)
ngharreg fedd (mutation mutation-nasal)
charreg fedd (mutation mutation-aspirate)


cywir

cywir m or f by sense (plural cywiriaid)

cywiriaid (plural)
cywir (mutation mutation-radical)
gywir (mutation mutation-soft)
nghywir (mutation mutation-nasal)
chywir (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Brythonic *köwir, from Proto-Celtic *kouwīros (compare Old Irish cóir), from *kom- + *wīros. Equivalent to cy- + gwir.

one who is loyal to a person (especially to a sovereign) or cause, staunch supporter, loyalist


croth

crothau (plural)
croth (mutation mutation-radical)
groth (mutation mutation-soft)
nghroth (mutation mutation-nasal)
chroth (mutation mutation-aspirate)


gwain

gweiniau (plural)
gwain (mutation mutation-radical)
wain (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwain (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh gwein, from Proto-Brythonic *gwėɣin, from Latin vāgīna. Cognate with Breton gouin, Cornish gweyn.